Immunology of Animal Reproduction
Immunology of Animal Reproduction
by
Y.HARI BABU M.V.Sc.,Ph.D.,F.N.A.V.S.,M.B.A.(PE),P.G.D.E.E.,P.G.D.B.I Director of Instruction (PGS) Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University BIDAR-585 401, Karnataka
2013
Published by Sumit Pal Jain for
New India Publishing Agency 101, Vikas Surya Plaza, CU Block, L.S.C. Mkt., Pitam Pura, New Delhi-110 088, (India) Phone : 011-27341616, Fax : 011-27341717 Mobile : 09717133558 E-mail : info@nipabooks.com Web : www.nipabooks.com Š Author, 2013
ISBN : 978-93-81450-72-7 All rights reserved, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher / author. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The author and publisher have attempted to trace and acknowledge the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission and acknowledgements to publish in this form have not been given. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify it. Laser Type Setting and Printed at : Jai Bharat Printing Press, Delhi.-110032
Preface
Reproductive immunology is a hybrid discipline involving reproduction on one side and immunology on the other side. Efficient reproduction is the greatest biological problem for the livestock production. Immunology is a powerful tool for studying normal fertility and infertility. In the field of reproductive immunology, one major issue is to explore the successful gestation of the histocompatible foetus in the uterus of an immunological competent mother, major immunological causes that interfere with the conception rate in animals. This book, shows how immunology relates to fertility or infertility in the bovines and other livestock. It is with immense pleasure that this book, “Immunology of Animal Reproduction� is brought out. There has been veritable explosion in human reproductive immunology- a subject which occupies a prime position in human reproduction. The impetus for this book evolved from a recognized need for a comprehensive note to provide the basic understanding of the complex description of the immunology of animal reproduction which is otherwise to scanty available information. A little information is available on different sources especially websites. But comprehensive and up-to-date information needed by the scientists, teachers, students of undergraduate and postgraduate in biology, veterinary and veterinarians in general is found to be the need of the hour. Considering the necessity, I thought of bringing a text with comprehensive information in a simpler way. The book is intended to the students involved in the study of microbiology, immunology, and animal reproduction as an introduction to more extensive studies. An overview of immunology is provided in the book to refer immediately any basic information needed, for further understanding of the subject dealt in this book. The chapters covered vii
Preface /viii may provide the structural component for the basic understanding of the reproductive immunology in animals. It is designed to complement, but not to compete with the few excellent texts already available with regard to human reproduction. The book is profusely illustrated with figures and tables. The concise nature of the book and the simple and clear treatment of the topics, it is hopefully will prove to be useful to all. Criticism and suggestions for improvement of the book will be greatly appreciated. Author
About the Author
Dr.Y.Hari Babu is presently serving as Director of Instruction (Post-Graduate Studies), Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, Karnataka. Obtained B.V.Sc and M.V.Sc in Vetrinary Microbiology from Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Hyderabad and Ph.D in Biotechnology from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. Did M.B.A. in Public Enterprises from Institute of Public Enterprises, Osmania University, Hyderabad; Post-Graduate Diploma in Ecology and Environment (PGDEE) from Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment, New Delhi and PostGraduate Diploma in Bioinformatics (PGDBI) from Bioinformatics Institute of India, Noida. He has rich experience of more than 35 years in different capacities in different institutes. Worked as Veterinary Officer in Animal Health Centers and I/c Research and Development in Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Hyderabad; Deputy Chief General Manger (QC), in Oral Polio Vaccine Unit (BIBCOL), Bulandshahr, UP; Associate Professor in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Bidar and as Dean, Veterinary College, Bidar for one full term and also now I/c University Librarian. He has published more than 100 Research, Clinical and Review articles in National and International Journals. He is the Chief Editor of "Frontier Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences", an official Journal of Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar. Recipient of National Award," Shri Ramlal Agarwal National Award
for the year 1994 from the Indian Society for Veterinary Medicine for his Research work related to immunology and obtained about eight other National Awards and recognitions from different professional bodies and other societies. Guided 25 Masters Degree students in Veterinary Microbiology and 3 PhD students in Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology as Chairman and as a member of advisory committee of both Master's and Doctoral Degree programmes for more than 50 students. Awarded Fellow of National Academy of Veterinary Sciences during the year 2006. He has acted as technical expert for two Doordarshan U.G.C programmes in immunology. Authored three books titled 1.Veterinary Immunology: Basic Concepts and Applications, 2. Handbook of Basic Immunological and Serological Techniques and 3. Avian Influenza (bird flu)- An emerging threat. He is a member of various academic committees of the University and several scientific societies and referee of reputed journals
Foreword
It gives me immense pleasure to write foreword for the book titled ‘‘Immunology of Animal Reproduction’’ authored by Prof. Y. Hari Babu, Director of Instruction (PGS), Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar. Immunology is a fascinating subject and reproductive immunology further enlightens and arouses interest to know the unknown things in animal reproductive immunology. There is lot of importance in human reproductive immunology and sufficient literature is available and also there exists sufficient awareness. But, animal reproduction vis-a-vis with immunology is concerned, it is just gaining momentum and scattered information is available through deep search. By going through the book, I could able to find sufficient information is provided and presented very precisely in this book. The book will help in designing strategies to combet genital infection and reproductive failures due to immunological etiology. This book will be useful to researchers/gynecologists/veterinarians involved in basic or applied research in the discipline of reproductive immunology and Veterinary Gynecology. The book has been written in a more concise with neat presentation, effective illustrations and figures. With great pleasure, I recommend this book as a ready material, for students, teachers, scientists and persons associated with reproduction and immunology.
(C. Renukaprasad) Vice-Chancellor v
Contents
Forword ...................................................................................................
v
Preface .....................................................................................................
vii
1.
Introduction ....................................................................................
1
2.
Overview of Immune Response ..................................................
5
3.
Immunology of Male and Female Reproductive System ......... 69
4.
Foetus as Allograft-Paradox of Pregnancy ................................ 105
5.
Immunological Causes of Infertility and Foetal Wastages ...... 147
6.
Immunity in Foetus and Newborn ............................................. 157
7.
Principles of Immunodiagnosis of Pregnancy .......................... 167
8.
Anti-Fertility Vaccines – Control of fertility Through Immunological Means .................................................................. 185
9.
Immunonutrition and Immunology of Reproduction ............. 203
10. Transgenic Animals ...................................................................... 207 11. Application of Embryo Transfer Biotechnology for Research in Immunology .............................................................. 229 References ....................................................................................... 247
ix
Fi r s tf e wp a g e so ft h i sb o o ka r ep u b l i s h e d o nk i s a n . c o mb yi t sp u b l i s h e r . I fy o uwi s ht op u r c h a s eah a r d c o p y o ft h i sb o o k , p l e a s ec o n t a c tt h ep u b l i s h e r .
Publ i sher