MEDICINAL PLANTS IN YOUR OWN YARD By Dr. M. Vasundhara, Dr. Vasundhara Bhupathi, Dr. N. S. Leela
First Edition : 2009 Second Print : 2013
Pages : 236
Paper used for this book 196 pages text on 70 gsm NS Maplitho 18.6 Kgs (1/8 Demy Size) 40 pages colour photos on 130 gsm Art Paper 34.6 Kgs
No. of Copies : 1000
Š Authors
Price : ` 225
Cover design : Navakarnataka Vinyasa Photos : Various Sources
Publishers Navakarnataka Publications Private Limited Embassy Centre, Crescent Road, Bangalore - 560 001 Phone : 080 - 22203580, 30578022 Fax : 080 - 30578023 email : navakarnataka@gmail.com
Branches / Showrooms Navakarnataka, Crescent Road, Bangalore-1 & 080-30578028/35, email : nkpsales@gmail.com Navakarnataka, Gandhinagar, Bangalore-9 & 080-22251382, email : nkpgnr@gmail.com Navakarnataka, K. S. Rao Road, Mangalore-1 & 0824-2441016, email : nkpmng@gmail.com Navakarnataka, Balmatta, Mangalore-1 & 0824-2425166, email : nkpbalmatta@gmail.com Navakarnataka, Ramaswamy Circle, Mysore-24 & 0821-2424094, email : nkpmys@yahoo.co.in Navakarnataka, Station Road, Gulbarga-2 & 08472-224302, email : nkpglb@gmail.com
0207133736
ISBN 978-81-8467-071-4
Printed by R. S. Rajaram at Navakarnataka Printers, No. 167 & 168, 10th Main III Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-560 058 and published by him for Navakarnataka Publications (P) Ltd., Embassy Centre, 11, Crescent Road P. B. 5159, Bangalore-560 001. Typeset at Navakarnataka, Bangalore - 560 001
CONTENTS Aloe
5
Liquorice (Sweet Root)
129
Antidiabetic Plant
11
Long Pepper
135
Bone-Setter
17
Malabar Nut
143
Coriander
23
Multivitamin Plant
147
Curry Leaf
29
Neem
153
Drumstick
41
Nelanelli (Bhuamlika)
159
False Daisy
45
Night Jasmine
165
Fenugreek (Methi)
51
Papaya
169
Garden Mint
65
Periwinkle
177
Hibiscus
75
Rose
181
Hirandodi
79
Roselle
189
Holy Basil
85
Stevia
193
Indian Borage (Coleus)
91
Sweet Flag (Baje)
199
Thyme Leaved Gratiola
205
Indian Pennywort
97
Tinospora
211
217
Indian Spinach
101
Indian Valerian
107
White - headed Nettle (Thumbe)
Jasmine
111
Winter Cherry
221
King of Bitters (Kalmegh) 119
Appendix I : Papaya
231
Lemon Grass
Appendix II : Stevia
235
123
4 / Medicinal Plants in Your Own Yard
ALOE
Family Scientific name Common name Sanskrit Hindi Kannada Telugu Tamil Malayalam Marathi
: : : : : : : : : :
LILIACEAE Aloe vera (L.) Burman Indian aloe Kumari, Ghruta kumari, Ikshura mallika Gheekanvar, Myusambar, Kumari Lolesara Kalabanda Kattaalai, Kumari Kattavala, Kumari Corephad
J¥hH$Ý`m Hw$_mar M H$Ý`H$m XrK©n{ÌH$mŸ& ñWboê$hm _¥X…w H$Ý`m ~hþnÌmL>_amOamŸ&& Hw$_mar J¥hH$Ý`m M H$Ý`m K¥VHw$_m[aH$mŸ& Hw$_mar ^oXZr erVm {VÎH$m ZoÍ`m agm`{ZŸ&& _Ywam ~¥h§ Ur ~ë`m d¥î`m dmV[dfàUwV² & Jwë_ßbrh `H¥$X² d¥qÕH$\$Ádahar haoVŸ²& J«ÝÏ`{¾X½Y {dñ\$moQ> {nÎmaËH$ËdJm_`mZ²Ÿ&&
(amO{ZK§Q)>w
(^mdàH$me {ZK§Q)>w
Aloe is known by many names like Grihakanya, Kumari, Kanyaka, Grithakumari and so on. Since the leaves are long it is also called Dheergapatrika (Dheerga= long, Patrika= leaves). It is a good tonic for the eye, used in the treatment of enlargement
Medicinal Plants in Your Own Yard / 5
sandbeds or containers and after it has started sprouting, it is ready for transplanting. Planting : The field should be prepared well before the onset of monsoon and small furrows opened. About 15-18cm long root suckers or rhizomes are planted at a spacing of 60 x 60 cm in such a way that two-third portion of the planting material should be under the ground.
IRRIGATION AND WEEDING The land is irrigated soon after planting. During the crop period, irrigation must depend on the moisture status of the soil. The land is kept weed - free by weeding the plot as and when necessary.
INPUTS Sl. No. 1. 2. 3.
Materials No. of suckers Farm Yard Manure (t) Fertilizers (kg) N P2O K2 O
Per acre
Per hectare
14,000 6
35,000 15
20 20 20
50 50 50
Note : Apply full dose of FYM and NPK as a basal dose.
HARVESTING AND YIELD After about twelve months the crop is ready for harvesting. While harvesting the plants can be removed manually. The broken rhizome parts left in the soil throws up new sprouts to raise the succeeding crop. Aloe plantation gives commercial yield from second year and upto 5 years. Thereafter it needs replantation for economic yields. An average crop yield of about 10,000 - 12,000 kg on fresh weight basis may be obtained from one hectare.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Aloemodin, Aloin, Barbaloin, Galactose and others.
MEDICINAL USES &
Fresh Aloe being very good piththanashaka, acts as Germicide, diuretic, analgesic and relieves constipation. Medicinal Plants in Your Own Yard / 7
of liver and spleen. It can be used in the treatment of tumour & abscess. It is a good aphrodisiac. Used in the diseases of skin, as a blood purifier and in muscle toning.
Ask any Beauty Queen, Miss World or Miss Universe the secret of their success. You get an immediate answer of their use of some brand or the other of cream and shampoo. But you may be surprised that the basic ingredient of most of these products is nothing but Aloe. Also known as the best drug for all types of uterine problems. So no wonder this plant is called ‘Kumari’ or ‘Kanya’ (Miss) in Sanskrit. This plant has long been employed in medicinal preparations, flavouring liquors and as a source of the drug ‘aloin’. Aloe contains cathartic anthrax-glycosides as its active ingredient ranging from 4.5 to 25 percent of aloin. These are extensively used as active agents in laxative and anti-obesity preparations, as moisturizer, emollient or wound-healer and in various cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.
SOIL The plant is hardy in nature and can grow on a variety of soils. It can be grown successfully on sandy coastal soils and on loamy soils of plains. However, water-logged conditions and problematic soils do not suit for its cultivation.
CLIMATE It has wide adaptability and can grow in various climatic conditions. It can grow equally well in warm climate or dry humid climate with a range of 40 cm to 200 cm of rainfall per annum.
VARIETIES The important ones identified among them in the trade are : Aloe vera var chinensis Aloe vera var littoralis and Aloe abyssinica.
CULTIVATION Propagation : It is generally propagated by root-suckers or rhizome cuttings. For this purpose, medium-sized root-suckers are chosen and carefully dug out without damaging the parent plant at the base and planted directly in the main field. It can also be propagated through rhizome cuttings. In this case, after the harvest of the crop, the underground rhizome is also dug out and made into cuttings of 5-6 cm length which should have a minimum of 2-3 nodes. It is rooted in specially prepared 6 / Medicinal Plants in Your Own Yard
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
& &
&
&
&
&
&
Application of the drug with rose water helps in curing eye-infection. In cases of liver and spleenic enlargement, the juice along with turmeric is very effective. The juice with a pinch of hippali (long pepper) powder and honey is a good remedy for fever. The application of the aloe pulp poultice made after boiling the plant in water, heals ulcers faster. The mixture of Aloe juice with powder of pepper and honey cures cough by dissolving the phlegm . This is known as the best drug for all menstrual problems of women. The juice with candy is the drug of choice in cases of irregular menstruation The paste made up of kumari and jeera makes good application for burnt wounds as a quick remedy in emergency. The pulp with candy helps cure piles. The mixture of pulp and turmeric gives good result in combating cold. The juice and a pinch of asafoetida cure infantile abdominal pain. In lactating children it can be mixed with mother’s milk. The drug is well-known for its cosmetic uses. Almost all the soaps and shampoos contain aloe as an ingredient. One spoon of the juice, one spoon of rose water and Ÿ spoon of butter made into paste makes a good moisturizer and applied at bed time to improve complexion. For removal of dandruff , Aloe pulp is applied to the scalp and the hair washed after an hour. Kumaryaasava a commercial preparation of aloe juice, Aloe cream is available in the market.
8 / Medicinal Plants in Your Own Yard
ANTIDIABETIC PLANT
1 0 / Medicinal Plants in Your Own Yard
ALOE
Medicinal Plants in Your Own Yard / 9
ANTIDIABETIC PLANT
Family Scientific name Common name Sanskrit Hindi Kannada Telugu Tamil Malayalam Marathi
: : : : : : : : : :
Asclepiadaceae Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.) R. Br. Cx Schultes Antidiabetic plant Mesashringi, Ajasringika, Madhunashini Gudamara, Gurumara Madhunashini Putla podra, Bodapatra Shirukurunja Chakkarakolli Kavali, Medashingi
_ofl¥“r ago {VËH$m dmVbm œmgH$mgöV²Ÿ& ê$jm nmHo$ H$Qw>… {nÎmd«Uíboî_m{jeybZ¥V² _ofl¥“r\$b§ {VËH§$ Hw$ð>_ho H$\$àUwVŸ²& XrnZ§ ògZ§ H$mgH¥${_ d«U{dfmnh_²Ÿ& (^mdàH$me {ZK§Q)>w The juice of Meshashringi is good for cold, respiratory disorders, and joint pain. This can generally be used in Piththa & Kapha disorders, eye ailments. The juice is used as an appetizer. The paste of the leaf can be applied as an antidote in poisonous animal bites.
Medicinal Plants in Your Own Yard / 11
Gymnema, the antidiabetic plant is an important medicinal climber and is well-known for its antidiabetic properties. It is widely grown in the tropics of Afirca, Asia and Malaysia. In India, this plant is grown in abundance in the forests of Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Bihar. Due to its extensive use in South East Asian countries carelessly, the plant is becoming endangered. This climber is extensively used in almost all the Indian system of medicine as a remedy for rheumatism, cough, dyspnoea, ulcers and pain in the eyes. It is also useful in the treatment of inflammations, dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice etc., Its roots are reported to be a remedy for snakebite. The antidiabetic property of the plant is attributed to the presence of mixture of triterpenes and saphonins in its leaves. These have been designated as gymnemic acid A, B, C and D which have in them the gymnemagenin and gymnestrogenins.
SOIL The crop is grown on a variety of soils in different localities. Red sandy loam or medium deep black soil is reported to be ideal for this crop. The plant is sensitive to water-logging and hence its cultivation on such soils should be avoided.
CLIMATE This plant prefers tropical and sub-tropical climate. It is found growing even in dry areas. The areas with high or medium welldistributed rainfall are suitable for its cultivation.
INPUTS Sl. No.
Materials
Per acre
Per hectare
1.
Cuttings (No)
900
2250
2.
Seeds (kg)
2-3
7.0
3.
Farm yard manure (t)
2.0
5.0
4.
Fertilizers (kg) N P 2 O5 K2 O
36.0 18.0 45.0
90.0 14.0 35.0
VARIETIES / TYPES Based on the leaf size, the climber can be classified into two types. 1 2 / Medicinal Plants in Your Own Yard
Fi r s tf e wp a g e so ft h i sb o o ka r ep u b l i s h e d o nk i s a n . c o mb yi t sp u b l i s h e r . I fy o uwi s ht op u r c h a s eah a r d c o p y o ft h i sb o o k , p l e a s ec o n t a c tt h ep u b l i s h e r .
Publ i sher