Rain

nmD g

(d¡{XH ,nma§nm[aH d AmYw{ZH {dkmZ)

-: boIH :-

g§Vmof ¶mXd, aqdÐ H mQmobo

JmoS dm àH meZ

JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ,nwUo-9 nmD g/1

AZwH« ‘{UH m

nmD g,(d¡{XH ,nma§nm[aH d AmYw{ZH {dkmZ)

àH m{eH m : gm¡.hfm© aqdÐ H mQmobo, JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ, âb°Q Z§ 5, {Vgam _Obm, bú_rZmam`U AnmQ©_|Q , ñdmaJoQ ,nd©Vr, nwUo-9. \ moZ Z§:020-24428554/55 , E-mail : godwa1@rediffmail.com, Website : www.godwaprakashan.com

Aja OwiUr : JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ _wÐH : JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ ,nwUo-9

bo I H - aqdÐ H mQ mo b o , g§Vmof ¶mXd, Amd¥Îmr 1 br : 12 OyZ 2014 àH meZ H« _m§H -155 (GKP-05006002014)

1. nmD g-doXmoÎma g§H ënZm

5

2. nmdgmMm A§XmO dV©{dÊ`mMr àmMrZ nÕVr

7

3. `oË`m d OmË`m nmdgmMo g§Ho V, g_O

12

4. nma§nm[aH {MÝho gm§JVmV nmdgmMm A§XmO

23

5. TJ {Z{_©Vr, TJm§Mo àH ma d d¡{eîQço

27

6. n¥ÏdrMo dmVmdaU

43

7. G Vy

50

8. TJm§À`m JSJSmQmV H SmSUmar - "drO'

53

9 . ^maVmMo ^m½` {dYmVo Z¡G Ë` _mÝgyZ-B©emÝ` _mÝgyZ 57 10. nmdgmMr {Z{_©Vr-nmD g nSUo

67

11. nmdgmMo ‘moO‘mn

79

12. "nmdgmMr ZjÌo d Ë`m§Mr d¡{eîQço'

83

13. nmD g H Yr -H gm nSob..?

_yë` : 150 ê .

(nma§nm[aH d AmYw{ZH {dkmZ) © nmCg,(d¡{XH ,nma§nm[aH d AmYw{ZH {dkmZ) `m nwñVH mVrb _OHy a Ë`mMm H mhr ^mJ,g§nyU© dm A§eV: ^mJ, àH meH mÀ`m nadmZJr{edm` H moUË`mhr ^mfoV d _mÜ`_mV nwZ©_wÐrV qH dm à{gÜX H aVm `oUma Zmhr, Vgo AmTië`mg g§~§{YVm§da H m`Xoera H madmB© H aÊ`mV `oB©b. gXa nwñVH H m°nramB©Q Zo g§a{jV Amho.

nmD g/2

115

14. nmdgmMm A§XmO dV©{dÊ`mMr AmYw{ZH emór¶ nÕV 139 15. "_m°ÝgyZ" da "n[aUm_ H aUmao KQH "

nmD g/3

151

AZwH« ‘{UH m

nmD g,(d¡{XH ,nma§nm[aH d AmYw{ZH {dkmZ)

àH m{eH m : gm¡.hfm© aqdÐ H mQmobo, JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ, âb°Q Z§ 5, {Vgam _Obm, bú_rZmam`U AnmQ©_|Q , ñdmaJoQ ,nd©Vr, nwUo-9. \ moZ Z§:020-24428554/55 , E-mail : godwa1@rediffmail.com, Website : www.godwaprakashan.com

Aja OwiUr : JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ _wÐH : JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ ,nwUo-9

bo I H - aqdÐ H mQ mo b o , g§Vmof ¶mXd, Amd¥Îmr 1 br : 12 OyZ 2014 àH meZ H« _m§H -155 (GKP-05006002014)

1. nmD g-doXmoÎma g§H ënZm

5

2. nmdgmMm A§XmO dV©{dÊ`mMr àmMrZ nÕVr

7

3. `oË`m d OmË`m nmdgmMo g§Ho V, g_O

12

4. nma§nm[aH {MÝho gm§JVmV nmdgmMm A§XmO

23

5. TJ {Z{_©Vr, TJm§Mo àH ma d d¡{eîQço

27

6. n¥ÏdrMo dmVmdaU

43

7. G Vy

50

8. TJm§À`m JSJSmQmV H SmSUmar - "drO'

53

9 . ^maVmMo ^m½` {dYmVo Z¡G Ë` _mÝgyZ-B©emÝ` _mÝgyZ 57 10. nmdgmMr {Z{_©Vr-nmD g nSUo

67

11. nmdgmMo ‘moO‘mn

79

12. "nmdgmMr ZjÌo d Ë`m§Mr d¡{eîQço'

83

13. nmD g H Yr -H gm nSob..?

_yë` : 150 ê .

(nma§nm[aH d AmYw{ZH {dkmZ) © nmCg,(d¡{XH ,nma§nm[aH d AmYw{ZH {dkmZ) `m nwñVH mVrb _OHy a Ë`mMm H mhr ^mJ,g§nyU© dm A§eV: ^mJ, àH meH mÀ`m nadmZJr{edm` H moUË`mhr ^mfoV d _mÜ`_mV nwZ©_wÐrV qH dm à{gÜX H aVm `oUma Zmhr, Vgo AmTië`mg g§~§{YVm§da H m`Xoera H madmB© H aÊ`mV `oB©b. gXa nwñVH H m°nramB©Q Zo g§a{jV Amho.

nmD g/2

115

14. nmdgmMm A§XmO dV©{dÊ`mMr AmYw{ZH emór¶ nÕV 139 15. "_m°ÝgyZ" da "n[aUm_ H aUmao KQH "

nmD g/3

151

1. nmD g-doXmoÎma g§H ënZm 16. H¥ {Ì_ nO©Ý`-nmD g

155

17. hdm_mZ Aä`mgUmè¶m {d{dY `§ÌUm d g§ñWm

165

XþîH mimMr qMVm J«mgVo ‘mZdmbm , Voìhm Vmo doY KoVmo "nmD g nmÊ¶mMm'

nmD g/4

171 184

nmD g hr àW_ "nO©Ý`XodVm' hmoVr. {VMm A{ZpíMVnUm, Ag_mZVm, A{Z`{_VnUm bjmV Amë`mda hr XodVm ZgyZ EH eŠVr Amho d {VMo {Z`_Z H aUmao A{YH epŠV_mZ Ag§ H mhrVar Agmd§, Aer ^mdZm G ½doXH mimV {Z_m©U Pmbr AZ déUXodVoMm OÝ_ Pmbm.déU hr XodVm gw_wIr, Ap½ZgmaIr VoOñdr, g§w§Xa, Smoi`mV {ndir PmH Agbobr, gy`m©À`m ghñÌoZÌm§Zr _mZdr OmVrda ~marH bj RodUmar, gwdUm©gmaIo PJPJrV dñÌ n[aYmZ Ho bobr Aer Amho. "déUXodVoÀ`m' gyMZoà_mUo, n¥Ïdrda nmD g nmSÊ`mgmRr B§ÐmÀ`m {X_Vrbm ZD àH maMo _oK {Xbobo AmhoV (dm[admh, A^«_oK, ñVZqMVya, ~bhH , YamYa, VSrËdmZ,A§~w^¥V, YZOr_¥V d Yw_`moOZ ho ZD _oK.) n¥Ïdrda nmnr _mZdm§Mr g§»`m dmTbr H s Ë`m§Mm `wJm§V KSdyZ AmUÊ`mgmRr Mma àH maMo _hm_oKhr (àb`§H ma, gwXofU, CJ«Yw_r d {dÚwVJ^© ho Mma _hm_oK.) B§ÐmÀ`m ñdmYrZ Ho bobo AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m gmh`mZo B§Ð àb` KSdyZ AmUVmo. nwT o ~«måhU H mimV déU XodVoMo _hÎd H _r Pmbo. nmdgmMr H maH XodVm déU ZgyZ J«hJmob, ZjÌo, Ë`m§À`m ^«_UH jm, _hmgmJa, gy`© `m§À`m_wio nmD g nSVmo Ago {gÕ hmoD bmJbo. nwT o `kg§ñWm {dH {gV Pmë`mda "àOmnVr' hr gd©loîR XodVm Pmbr d déUmÀ`m gÎmmloîRËdmMm g§H moM hmoD Z doXmoÎma H mimV Ho di gágmJam§Mr gÎmmM Ë`mÀ`mH So am{hbr. {_ÌmÀ`m (gy`m©À`m) gmhçmZo déUmZo gmJam§À`m nmÊ`mMo ~mînmV ê nm§Va H ê Z Ë`mbm CÜd©JVr Úmdr BVHo M Ë`mMo H m_ Cabo. n¥Ïdrdarb gá _hmZÚm gmJa {Zdmgr déUmÀ`m _wImV gVV Ob AmoVrV amhVmV. ho déUmMo G ½doXm§Vrb eodQMo dU©Z ! (G . 8…6…9…12) n§M_hm^wVm§À`m JwU{deofm§Mo gwñnîQ kmZ hmoVmM ^rVr`wŠV ^mdZm§Zr {Z_m©U

nmD g/5

155

17. hdm_mZ Aä`mgUmè¶m {d{dY `§ÌUm d g§ñWm

165

XþîH mimMr qMVm J«mgVo ‘mZdmbm , Voìhm Vmo doY KoVmo "nmD g nmÊ¶mMm'

nmD g/4

171 184

nmD g hr àW_ "nO©Ý`XodVm' hmoVr. {VMm A{ZpíMVnUm, Ag_mZVm, A{Z`{_VnUm bjmV Amë`mda hr XodVm ZgyZ EH eŠVr Amho d {VMo {Z`_Z H aUmao A{YH epŠV_mZ Ag§ H mhrVar Agmd§, Aer ^mdZm G ½doXH mimV {Z_m©U Pmbr AZ déUXodVoMm OÝ_ Pmbm.déU hr XodVm gw_wIr, Ap½ZgmaIr VoOñdr, g§w§Xa, Smoi`mV {ndir PmH Agbobr, gy`m©À`m ghñÌoZÌm§Zr _mZdr OmVrda ~marH bj RodUmar, gwdUm©gmaIo PJPJrV dñÌ n[aYmZ Ho bobr Aer Amho. "déUXodVoÀ`m' gyMZoà_mUo, n¥Ïdrda nmD g nmSÊ`mgmRr B§ÐmÀ`m {X_Vrbm ZD àH maMo _oK {Xbobo AmhoV (dm[admh, A^«_oK, ñVZqMVya, ~bhH , YamYa, VSrËdmZ,A§~w^¥V, YZOr_¥V d Yw_`moOZ ho ZD _oK.) n¥Ïdrda nmnr _mZdm§Mr g§»`m dmTbr H s Ë`m§Mm `wJm§V KSdyZ AmUÊ`mgmRr Mma àH maMo _hm_oKhr (àb`§H ma, gwXofU, CJ«Yw_r d {dÚwVJ^© ho Mma _hm_oK.) B§ÐmÀ`m ñdmYrZ Ho bobo AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m gmh`mZo B§Ð àb` KSdyZ AmUVmo. nwT o ~«måhU H mimV déU XodVoMo _hÎd H _r Pmbo. nmdgmMr H maH XodVm déU ZgyZ J«hJmob, ZjÌo, Ë`m§À`m ^«_UH jm, _hmgmJa, gy`© `m§À`m_wio nmD g nSVmo Ago {gÕ hmoD bmJbo. nwT o `kg§ñWm {dH {gV Pmë`mda "àOmnVr' hr gd©loîR XodVm Pmbr d déUmÀ`m gÎmmloîRËdmMm g§H moM hmoD Z doXmoÎma H mimV Ho di gágmJam§Mr gÎmmM Ë`mÀ`mH So am{hbr. {_ÌmÀ`m (gy`m©À`m) gmhçmZo déUmZo gmJam§À`m nmÊ`mMo ~mînmV ê nm§Va H ê Z Ë`mbm CÜd©JVr Úmdr BVHo M Ë`mMo H m_ Cabo. n¥Ïdrdarb gá _hmZÚm gmJa {Zdmgr déUmÀ`m _wImV gVV Ob AmoVrV amhVmV. ho déUmMo G ½doXm§Vrb eodQMo dU©Z ! (G . 8…6…9…12) n§M_hm^wVm§À`m JwU{deofm§Mo gwñnîQ kmZ hmoVmM ^rVr`wŠV ^mdZm§Zr {Z_m©U

nmD g/5

Ho boë`m Xod/XodVm§Mo H go Ad_yë`Z hmoVo `mMo ho CËH¥ îQ CXmhaU Amho. nU XodVoMr à{V_m A{O~mVM _brZ hmoD Z`o åhUyZ Ë`mMr WmoS rer ^bmdUhr Ho bobr {XgVo. déU ObmMo {Z`§ÌU H aVmo, OZénr dñÌ n[aYmZ H aVmo, Vmo gmJaObm§VZy _mJ©H« _U H aVmo. ZÚm gmJamV gVV nmUr AmoVV AgyZhr gmJa H YrM ^ê Z OmV Zmhr. (Vmo gmJaObmMo CÜd©Jm_r ~mîn àdmh {Z{_©VrMo H m`© H arV Agë`mZo ho eŠ` hmoVo) Vo Ë`mMo JwT gm_Ï`© Amho. (G . 5…85…6) Bgdr gZmnydu 1500 df} Vo Bgdr gZ 400 `m EH moUergeo `m dfm©À`m H mimV Á`mo{Vf, J«hJ{UVo, d¡ÚH , H¥ {f, newnmbZ, nO©Ý`{dMma BË`mXr {df` emñÌr` ~¡R H sda {gÕ H aÊ`mMo H m`© JJ©, d{eîR, {dûdm{_Ì, A§{Jam, AgrV, Xodb, d¥ÕJJ©, H mí`n, ^¥Jw, ~¥hñnVr, _Zw, _`, gmañdV BË`mXr ^maVr` kmZr qMVH m§Zr hmVr KoVbo hmoVo. _mZd H¥ {f g§ñH¥ VrVM pñWa Pmbm Am{U Xod/XodVm§À`m ^mH S H Wm§VyZ ~mhao nSyZ Ë`m§Zr emñÌewÕ {dMmam§Mm _Zmo_Z ñdrH ma Ho bm. JJ©, d{eîR, A§{Jam `m§Mr na§nam, damh{_{ha, nmamea, H m¡Q rë`, Am`©^Q, ^mñH amMm`© BË`mXr {MVH m§Zr ZoQ mZo nwT o Mmb{dbr. H Îmbr Am{U Cn^moJ `m§VM é{M Agboë`m _wgb_mZr A§_bmV hr na§nam B. gZ. 1802 n`ªV I§S rV Pmbr. {~«Q re A§_b ^maVmV gwé Pmbm Am{U na§nam naV gwé Pmbr. ^maVr` hdm_mZ ImVo B.g. 1886 gmbr gwé Pmbo Am{U nmdgmÀ`m A§XmO nÕVrMm emñÌewÕ emoY gwê Pmbm. Vmo ga {Jë~Q© Vo Sm°. JmodmarH a `m H mbmdYrV Am{U AmOVmJm`V AI§S nUo Mmby am{hbm Am{U AmYw{ZH hdm_mZeómÀ`m gVV g§emoYZmZo AmOhr AI§{SVnUo Mmby Amho. ***

nmD g/6

2. nmdgmMm A§XmO dV©{dÊ`mMr àmMrZ nÕVr damh{_hramZo nmdmgmMo A§XmO dV©{dÊ`mMr AMyH nÜXV {dH {gV H ê Z Vr ~¥hVg§{hVoV N§Xmo~Õ Ho br. damh{_hram§Mr ~¥hVg§{hVm hr N§Xmo~Õ AgyZ, {VMr ^mfm A{Ve` gwb^, g§wXa d H mì`_` Amho. `m g§{hVoÀ`m n{hë`m Voam AÜ`m`m§V gy`©, M§Ð AmXr J«hm§À`m ^«_UJVr d Ë`mMo nmdgmdarb n[aUm_, AJpñV, gáfu `m§Mo CX`mñV d Ë`m§Mo nmdgmdarb n[aUm_ `m§Mr d BVa _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho. Mm¡Xmì`m AÜ`m`mMo Zmd "Hw _m©Ü`m`' Ago Amho. Ë`mV _w»`ËdoH ê Z ^maVmMm àXoe {dMma d Ë`mZwgma ZjÌ {dMma Ho bobm Amho. `m AÜ`m`mZwgma ^maVmMo ZD ^mJ nSbobo AmhoV, àËòH ^mJmV òUmao àXoe, Ë`m§Mo Cn{d^mJ, Ë`mda AgUmao doJdoJi`m ZjÌm§Mo A{YnË`, `wË`m, ZjÌ ì`yh, dH« d ew^ÑîQr, `m§Mo hmoUmao Ë`m Ë`m {d^mJmda nmdgm§darb n[aUm_ `m§Mr {dñV¥V _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho. Amnë`m {df`m§À`m ÑîQrZo ""J«he¥§JmaH '' ho àH aU A{Ve` _hÎdmMo Amho. em§V nmdgmÀ`m J^©g§^dmMr bjUo, J^©YmaUm, nmdgmMm J^©nmV, df©U ho {df` AmhoV. _mJ©erf© _{hÝ`mV nmD g Ho ìhm Ano{jV AgVmo `mMo {ddoMZ AgyZ nmD g H gm _moOmdm, Ë`mMo _mn H moUVo, `m§Mrhr _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho. Voìhm nmD g _mnZmMo n[aUm_ "ÐmoU' ho Ago. Iwë`m _¡XmZmV, gnmQ ^y_rda ^y_rnojm ÛmXe A§Jwio {dam§Mr doXr V`ma H ê Z Ë`mda H memMm ÐmoU Z H b§S ob Aem nÕVrZo _Ü`^mJr Rodmdm, Xa AmR àham§Zr (EH àha = VrZ Vmg) ÐmoUmV nSbobo nO©ÝÒb _moOmdo d ÐmoU [aH m_m H ê Z naV doXrda Rodmdm. nO©Ý` _mnZmMo H m_ OoîRmnmgyZ _mJ©erfm©À`m A_mdñ`no`ªV amoO H amdo Ago gm§{JVbo Amho. hr nÕV hëbrÀ`m _mnZ nÕVrer {_iVr OwiVr Amho (EH ÐmoU = 1.25 B§M) `mà_mUo Xa dfm©Mm nmD g Zm|X{dbm OmV Ago. "CX²H mJ©b' `m àH aUmV ^yJ^m©V nmdgmÀ`m nmÊ`mMo gmRo, ^yJ^m©Vrb dmhUmè`m nmÊ`mMo Pao, `m§Mm emoY Zo_H m H gm ¿`mdm `m~X²XbMo {ddoMZ

nmD g/7

Ho boë`m Xod/XodVm§Mo H go Ad_yë`Z hmoVo `mMo ho CËH¥ îQ CXmhaU Amho. nU XodVoMr à{V_m A{O~mVM _brZ hmoD Z`o åhUyZ Ë`mMr WmoS rer ^bmdUhr Ho bobr {XgVo. déU ObmMo {Z`§ÌU H aVmo, OZénr dñÌ n[aYmZ H aVmo, Vmo gmJaObm§VZy _mJ©H« _U H aVmo. ZÚm gmJamV gVV nmUr AmoVV AgyZhr gmJa H YrM ^ê Z OmV Zmhr. (Vmo gmJaObmMo CÜd©Jm_r ~mîn àdmh {Z{_©VrMo H m`© H arV Agë`mZo ho eŠ` hmoVo) Vo Ë`mMo JwT gm_Ï`© Amho. (G . 5…85…6) Bgdr gZmnydu 1500 df} Vo Bgdr gZ 400 `m EH moUergeo `m dfm©À`m H mimV Á`mo{Vf, J«hJ{UVo, d¡ÚH , H¥ {f, newnmbZ, nO©Ý`{dMma BË`mXr {df` emñÌr` ~¡R H sda {gÕ H aÊ`mMo H m`© JJ©, d{eîR, {dûdm{_Ì, A§{Jam, AgrV, Xodb, d¥ÕJJ©, H mí`n, ^¥Jw, ~¥hñnVr, _Zw, _`, gmañdV BË`mXr ^maVr` kmZr qMVH m§Zr hmVr KoVbo hmoVo. _mZd H¥ {f g§ñH¥ VrVM pñWa Pmbm Am{U Xod/XodVm§À`m ^mH S H Wm§VyZ ~mhao nSyZ Ë`m§Zr emñÌewÕ {dMmam§Mm _Zmo_Z ñdrH ma Ho bm. JJ©, d{eîR, A§{Jam `m§Mr na§nam, damh{_{ha, nmamea, H m¡Q rë`, Am`©^Q, ^mñH amMm`© BË`mXr {MVH m§Zr ZoQ mZo nwT o Mmb{dbr. H Îmbr Am{U Cn^moJ `m§VM é{M Agboë`m _wgb_mZr A§_bmV hr na§nam B. gZ. 1802 n`ªV I§S rV Pmbr. {~«Q re A§_b ^maVmV gwé Pmbm Am{U na§nam naV gwé Pmbr. ^maVr` hdm_mZ ImVo B.g. 1886 gmbr gwé Pmbo Am{U nmdgmÀ`m A§XmO nÕVrMm emñÌewÕ emoY gwê Pmbm. Vmo ga {Jë~Q© Vo Sm°. JmodmarH a `m H mbmdYrV Am{U AmOVmJm`V AI§S nUo Mmby am{hbm Am{U AmYw{ZH hdm_mZeómÀ`m gVV g§emoYZmZo AmOhr AI§{SVnUo Mmby Amho. ***

nmD g/6

2. nmdgmMm A§XmO dV©{dÊ`mMr àmMrZ nÕVr damh{_hramZo nmdmgmMo A§XmO dV©{dÊ`mMr AMyH nÜXV {dH {gV H ê Z Vr ~¥hVg§{hVoV N§Xmo~Õ Ho br. damh{_hram§Mr ~¥hVg§{hVm hr N§Xmo~Õ AgyZ, {VMr ^mfm A{Ve` gwb^, g§wXa d H mì`_` Amho. `m g§{hVoÀ`m n{hë`m Voam AÜ`m`m§V gy`©, M§Ð AmXr J«hm§À`m ^«_UJVr d Ë`mMo nmdgmdarb n[aUm_, AJpñV, gáfu `m§Mo CX`mñV d Ë`m§Mo nmdgmdarb n[aUm_ `m§Mr d BVa _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho. Mm¡Xmì`m AÜ`m`mMo Zmd "Hw _m©Ü`m`' Ago Amho. Ë`mV _w»`ËdoH ê Z ^maVmMm àXoe {dMma d Ë`mZwgma ZjÌ {dMma Ho bobm Amho. `m AÜ`m`mZwgma ^maVmMo ZD ^mJ nSbobo AmhoV, àËòH ^mJmV òUmao àXoe, Ë`m§Mo Cn{d^mJ, Ë`mda AgUmao doJdoJi`m ZjÌm§Mo A{YnË`, `wË`m, ZjÌ ì`yh, dH« d ew^ÑîQr, `m§Mo hmoUmao Ë`m Ë`m {d^mJmda nmdgm§darb n[aUm_ `m§Mr {dñV¥V _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho. Amnë`m {df`m§À`m ÑîQrZo ""J«he¥§JmaH '' ho àH aU A{Ve` _hÎdmMo Amho. em§V nmdgmÀ`m J^©g§^dmMr bjUo, J^©YmaUm, nmdgmMm J^©nmV, df©U ho {df` AmhoV. _mJ©erf© _{hÝ`mV nmD g Ho ìhm Ano{jV AgVmo `mMo {ddoMZ AgyZ nmD g H gm _moOmdm, Ë`mMo _mn H moUVo, `m§Mrhr _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho. Voìhm nmD g _mnZmMo n[aUm_ "ÐmoU' ho Ago. Iwë`m _¡XmZmV, gnmQ ^y_rda ^y_rnojm ÛmXe A§Jwio {dam§Mr doXr V`ma H ê Z Ë`mda H memMm ÐmoU Z H b§S ob Aem nÕVrZo _Ü`^mJr Rodmdm, Xa AmR àham§Zr (EH àha = VrZ Vmg) ÐmoUmV nSbobo nO©ÝÒb _moOmdo d ÐmoU [aH m_m H ê Z naV doXrda Rodmdm. nO©Ý` _mnZmMo H m_ OoîRmnmgyZ _mJ©erfm©À`m A_mdñ`no`ªV amoO H amdo Ago gm§{JVbo Amho. hr nÕV hëbrÀ`m _mnZ nÕVrer {_iVr OwiVr Amho (EH ÐmoU = 1.25 B§M) `mà_mUo Xa dfm©Mm nmD g Zm|X{dbm OmV Ago. "CX²H mJ©b' `m àH aUmV ^yJ^m©V nmdgmÀ`m nmÊ`mMo gmRo, ^yJ^m©Vrb dmhUmè`m nmÊ`mMo Pao, `m§Mm emoY Zo_H m H gm ¿`mdm `m~X²XbMo {ddoMZ

nmD g/7

Amho. ~¥hX² g§{hVoV OmJmoOmJr JJ©, nmamea, Xodb, d¥ÕJJ©, A§{Jam `m G ftMm CëboI H ê Z Ë`m§À`m J«§WmMo g§X^© gyMrV Ho bobo AmhoV. Ë`mdê Z damh{_{hamÀ`m H mimV `m G ftMo J«§W g§X^m©gmRr CnbãY AgmdoV Ago AZw_mZ H mTUo MwH sMo RaUma Zmhr.{dÛofr,_wgb_mZ AmH« _H m§Zr Zmb§Xm, Vjerbm {díd{dÚmb`m§Mr J«§W^m§S mao OmiyZ QmH br, Ë`mVM ho g§X^© J«§W / nmoÏ`m ZîQ Pmë`m Agmì`mV. nmdgmÀ`m A§XmOMr J{UVr` _moO_mnZ nÜXVr n¥ÏdrÀ`m Amgm§À`m H mb~Õ JVrda (Nutation) nmdgmÀ`m A§XmOm§Mm {dMma AmYm[aV Amho. dmñV{dH gy`© hm pñWa Amho d n¥Ïdr VgoM J«hJmob Ë`mÀ`m ^modVr b§~-dVw©imH ma H joV {\ aV AgVmV. H moUË`mhr Zm°Q rH b Aë_mZ°H da gw`m©Mr JVr {Xbobr AgVo. n¥Ïdr d gy`© `m§À`mVrb A§Va gVV ~XbV AgVo. n¥ÏdrÀ`m ñWmZmMr pñWVr {ZíMrV H aÊ`mgmRr gw`m©À`m ñWmZm_Üò 180 A§e {_idmdo bmJVmV. nU àË`j ÑîQrbm gy`© hmM ZjÌ MH« mVyZ {\ aVmZm {XgVmo. `m ÑH àË``mda damh{_hramZo, n¥ÏdrÀ`m Amgm§À`m H mb~Õ JVrda (Nutation) nmdgmMo A§XmO ~g{dbo AmhoV. `m JVrMm H mi A§XmOo 18 dfm©Mm Amho (Period of Nutation is Eighteen Years) amhÿ, Ho VwÀ`m CbQ {XeoZo hmoUmè`m n[a^«_UmMm H mihr A§XmOo 18 dfm©M§mM AgVmo. `m gdmªÀ`m nañna g§~§YmMm {dMmahr nmdgmMm A§XmO ~g{dÊ`mgmRr damh{_hramZo Ho bobm Amho. 22 {Sg|~anmgyZ CÎmamÙ gwê hmoVo, Va 11 OyZnmgyZ X{jUm`Z gwê hmoV.o XþîH mi H s gwH mi hm A§XmO dV©{dÊ`mgmRr n¥ÏdrÀ`m Amgm§À`m H mb~Õ JVr (Nutation) dê Z n¥ÏdrMr ñWmZ pñWVr 22 {Sg|~a d 21 OyZbm H m` hmoVr `mMm {dMma Ho bobm Amho. damh{_hramÀ`m doir `m {Xdgm§À`m Amgnmg _H a g§H« _U d H H© g§H« _U hmoV Ago. nmdgmMm "J^©g^§ d' … OoîR ewÕ AîQ_rnmgyZ OoîR ewÕ EH mXer n`ªVÀ`m Mma {Xdgm§À`m {ZgJ© {Z[ajUm§dê Z nmdgmÀ`m J^©g§^dmMr eŠ`Vm {ZpíMV H aVm òVo. AJXr AmOhr `m {Xdgm§À`m nwT rb {ZgJ© {ZarjUmdê Z AmnU nmdgmÀ`m J^©g§^dmMo Tmo~i AZw_mZ H ê eH Vmo. Vr H er …

nmD g/8

1) OoîR ewÕ AîQ_r Vo OoîR ewÕ EH mXer `m Mma {XdgmV AË`§V gwIH maH H m{hgo W§S , gaË`m dg§VmVrb \w bm§À`m gwJ§YmZo `wŠV Ago dmao dmhUo. 2) nOªZ`wŠV H miga TJ ({Zå~moñQ´ Q g ŠbmD Sg) d Ë`mVyZ M_H Umar EImXr drO. 3) D Üd©JVr AgUmè`m dm`y àdmhm§Mr OmJm hmoÊ`mBVH s Vrd«Vm. 4) Ywga {XgUmao dmVmdaU d AmH me 5) M§Ð, gw`m©bm TJm§Zr doTy Z QmH bo Agob Va 6) CÎma B©emÝ` d nyd© {Xem§Zm AË`§V gm¡å` {dOm§Mm MH MH mQ Agbm Va OoîR ewÕ AîQ_r Vo EH mXer `m Mma {XdgmV da {Xboë`m ghm bjUm§nH¡ s bjUo {Xgbr Va nmdgmMm "J^©g§^d' Pmbm Ago [ZpíMVnUo g_Omdo. nmdgmMr J^©YmaUm d nmdgmMo nSUo … gy`© _wi ZjÌmV Joë`mnmgyZ "aodVr' ZjÌmV àdoe H arn`ªVÀ`m Xhm ZjÌmV àdoe H arn`ªVÀ`m Xhm ZjÌmn¡H s Á`m Á`m ZjÌm§À`m {Xdgm§V TJ `oVrb AJa darb ghmn¡H s H mhr {ZgJ© {MÝho {XgVrb qH dm {M_Ê`m ObñZmZ AWdm YwbrñWmZ H aVmZm AmTiVrb Va J^© g§^d pñWa hmoD Z J^©YmaUm Pmbr Ago {ZpíMV g_Omdo Am{U VoWyZ nwT o Mm¡Xm gy`© ZjÌo g§në`mZ§Va AmÐm© `m gy`©ZjÌmnmgyZ "ñdmVr' `m gy`© ZjÌmn`ªV Ë`m Ë`m ZjÌmV nmdgmMm OÝ_ hmoB©b åhUOoM nmD g nSob, Agm A§XmO {ZpíMV H amdm. `m nÕVr_Ü`o Mm§Ð ZjÌm§er g§~§Y Z bmdVm gy`© ZjÌm§darb g§~§Y bmdbobm Amho. nU `m {RH mUr EH JmoîQ bjmV RodUo AË`mdí`H Amho. Vr åhUOo hr ZjÌo "nam§MZ JVrZo' nwT o nwT o gaH V AgVmV. (Mm§Ð ZjMmV gy`© \ ŠV EH {Xdg AgVmo, Va gy`©ZjÌmV Vmo 13.3{Xdg AgVmo. åhUOoM Mm§ÐZjÌ EH {Xdgm§Mo d gy`©ZjÌ 13.3 {Xdgm§Mo AgVo.) hr nÕV A{Ve` emñÌewÕ AgyZ Vr J«hJ{UVm§Zwgma {gÕ Ho bobr Amho. AmOhr J{UVo {~ZMyH Ho br d Ë`mda {ZarjUo Ho br Va nmdgmMm J^©g§^d J^©YmaUm, J^m©dñWoMo {Xdg (Gestation Perood) d OÝ_ `m§Mm {ZpíMV

nmD g/9

Amho. ~¥hX² g§{hVoV OmJmoOmJr JJ©, nmamea, Xodb, d¥ÕJJ©, A§{Jam `m G ftMm CëboI H ê Z Ë`m§À`m J«§WmMo g§X^© gyMrV Ho bobo AmhoV. Ë`mdê Z damh{_{hamÀ`m H mimV `m G ftMo J«§W g§X^m©gmRr CnbãY AgmdoV Ago AZw_mZ H mTUo MwH sMo RaUma Zmhr.{dÛofr,_wgb_mZ AmH« _H m§Zr Zmb§Xm, Vjerbm {díd{dÚmb`m§Mr J«§W^m§S mao OmiyZ QmH br, Ë`mVM ho g§X^© J«§W / nmoÏ`m ZîQ Pmë`m Agmì`mV. nmdgmÀ`m A§XmOMr J{UVr` _moO_mnZ nÜXVr n¥ÏdrÀ`m Amgm§À`m H mb~Õ JVrda (Nutation) nmdgmÀ`m A§XmOm§Mm {dMma AmYm[aV Amho. dmñV{dH gy`© hm pñWa Amho d n¥Ïdr VgoM J«hJmob Ë`mÀ`m ^modVr b§~-dVw©imH ma H joV {\ aV AgVmV. H moUË`mhr Zm°Q rH b Aë_mZ°H da gw`m©Mr JVr {Xbobr AgVo. n¥Ïdr d gy`© `m§À`mVrb A§Va gVV ~XbV AgVo. n¥ÏdrÀ`m ñWmZmMr pñWVr {ZíMrV H aÊ`mgmRr gw`m©À`m ñWmZm_Üò 180 A§e {_idmdo bmJVmV. nU àË`j ÑîQrbm gy`© hmM ZjÌ MH« mVyZ {\ aVmZm {XgVmo. `m ÑH àË``mda damh{_hramZo, n¥ÏdrÀ`m Amgm§À`m H mb~Õ JVrda (Nutation) nmdgmMo A§XmO ~g{dbo AmhoV. `m JVrMm H mi A§XmOo 18 dfm©Mm Amho (Period of Nutation is Eighteen Years) amhÿ, Ho VwÀ`m CbQ {XeoZo hmoUmè`m n[a^«_UmMm H mihr A§XmOo 18 dfm©M§mM AgVmo. `m gdmªÀ`m nañna g§~§YmMm {dMmahr nmdgmMm A§XmO ~g{dÊ`mgmRr damh{_hramZo Ho bobm Amho. 22 {Sg|~anmgyZ CÎmamÙ gwê hmoVo, Va 11 OyZnmgyZ X{jUm`Z gwê hmoV.o XþîH mi H s gwH mi hm A§XmO dV©{dÊ`mgmRr n¥ÏdrÀ`m Amgm§À`m H mb~Õ JVr (Nutation) dê Z n¥ÏdrMr ñWmZ pñWVr 22 {Sg|~a d 21 OyZbm H m` hmoVr `mMm {dMma Ho bobm Amho. damh{_hramÀ`m doir `m {Xdgm§À`m Amgnmg _H a g§H« _U d H H© g§H« _U hmoV Ago. nmdgmMm "J^©g^§ d' … OoîR ewÕ AîQ_rnmgyZ OoîR ewÕ EH mXer n`ªVÀ`m Mma {Xdgm§À`m {ZgJ© {Z[ajUm§dê Z nmdgmÀ`m J^©g§^dmMr eŠ`Vm {ZpíMV H aVm òVo. AJXr AmOhr `m {Xdgm§À`m nwT rb {ZgJ© {ZarjUmdê Z AmnU nmdgmÀ`m J^©g§^dmMo Tmo~i AZw_mZ H ê eH Vmo. Vr H er …

nmD g/8

1) OoîR ewÕ AîQ_r Vo OoîR ewÕ EH mXer `m Mma {XdgmV AË`§V gwIH maH H m{hgo W§S , gaË`m dg§VmVrb \w bm§À`m gwJ§YmZo `wŠV Ago dmao dmhUo. 2) nOªZ`wŠV H miga TJ ({Zå~moñQ´ Q g ŠbmD Sg) d Ë`mVyZ M_H Umar EImXr drO. 3) D Üd©JVr AgUmè`m dm`y àdmhm§Mr OmJm hmoÊ`mBVH s Vrd«Vm. 4) Ywga {XgUmao dmVmdaU d AmH me 5) M§Ð, gw`m©bm TJm§Zr doTy Z QmH bo Agob Va 6) CÎma B©emÝ` d nyd© {Xem§Zm AË`§V gm¡å` {dOm§Mm MH MH mQ Agbm Va OoîR ewÕ AîQ_r Vo EH mXer `m Mma {XdgmV da {Xboë`m ghm bjUm§nH¡ s bjUo {Xgbr Va nmdgmMm "J^©g§^d' Pmbm Ago [ZpíMVnUo g_Omdo. nmdgmMr J^©YmaUm d nmdgmMo nSUo … gy`© _wi ZjÌmV Joë`mnmgyZ "aodVr' ZjÌmV àdoe H arn`ªVÀ`m Xhm ZjÌmV àdoe H arn`ªVÀ`m Xhm ZjÌmn¡H s Á`m Á`m ZjÌm§À`m {Xdgm§V TJ `oVrb AJa darb ghmn¡H s H mhr {ZgJ© {MÝho {XgVrb qH dm {M_Ê`m ObñZmZ AWdm YwbrñWmZ H aVmZm AmTiVrb Va J^© g§^d pñWa hmoD Z J^©YmaUm Pmbr Ago {ZpíMV g_Omdo Am{U VoWyZ nwT o Mm¡Xm gy`© ZjÌo g§në`mZ§Va AmÐm© `m gy`©ZjÌmnmgyZ "ñdmVr' `m gy`© ZjÌmn`ªV Ë`m Ë`m ZjÌmV nmdgmMm OÝ_ hmoB©b åhUOoM nmD g nSob, Agm A§XmO {ZpíMV H amdm. `m nÕVr_Ü`o Mm§Ð ZjÌm§er g§~§Y Z bmdVm gy`© ZjÌm§darb g§~§Y bmdbobm Amho. nU `m {RH mUr EH JmoîQ bjmV RodUo AË`mdí`H Amho. Vr åhUOo hr ZjÌo "nam§MZ JVrZo' nwT o nwT o gaH V AgVmV. (Mm§Ð ZjMmV gy`© \ ŠV EH {Xdg AgVmo, Va gy`©ZjÌmV Vmo 13.3{Xdg AgVmo. åhUOoM Mm§ÐZjÌ EH {Xdgm§Mo d gy`©ZjÌ 13.3 {Xdgm§Mo AgVo.) hr nÕV A{Ve` emñÌewÕ AgyZ Vr J«hJ{UVm§Zwgma {gÕ Ho bobr Amho. AmOhr J{UVo {~ZMyH Ho br d Ë`mda {ZarjUo Ho br Va nmdgmMm J^©g§^d J^©YmaUm, J^m©dñWoMo {Xdg (Gestation Perood) d OÝ_ `m§Mm {ZpíMV

nmD g/9

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