කිතුසර 20 වසර දිවැසිවර සැරිසැරුම by Kithusara Group

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

m%ldYkh

ls;=ir lKavdhu 1

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir lKavdhfï fjk;a lD;Ska Tõyq urKhg ìh fkdjQ y bmfokq uekj h<s;a ;drK we±ys,sjka;fhl=f.a lgq igyka Wm;lg .efhk .S úuqla;s yrhg mK fmjQfjda md¿lrfha y`v mqxÑ iajdñf.a yDo idlaIsh

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

msÿu ls;=irg fmr isgka ls;=if¾ úuqla;s u;jdoh fmdaIKh l<" ls;=ir ;=<ska" ls;=ir iuÕ ta u;jdoh fmdaIKh lsÍu" Ôj;alrùug joklska fyda w;aje,la iemhQ" ;jo ta u;jdoh Ôj;alrjk wo wm w;r we;s ke;s fyg wmg yuq jk yuq fkdjk ish¨ ñksiqkag yd .eyeKqkag

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir úis jirl Èjeisjr ieß iereu m%:u uqøKh ( 2012 iema;eïn¾ 29 © ls;=ir lKavdhu m%ldYkh( ls;=ir lKavdhu ß§ udj;" l<uq,a," l¿;r'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

úisjir úfYaI l,dmhg jokla óg úisjirlg fmr ls;=ir ux., l,dmfha l;= jelsh ;=< wms fufia igyka lf<uq' —;j;a ls;=kq m;a;rhla æ ta fudlgo@ ld,fha foaYfha i<l=Kq j,ska l;d lrk iñÿka ;=< ;j;a fudlla fyda m%ldYkhla fkdj hq.fha Èjeisjr ld¾hhg idlaIs ork m%ldYkhl wjYH;djh u;hs ls;=ir t<s olskqfha" yels Wmßufhka ta Èjeisjr iñm%odhg idlaIs orkakg wms lem jkafkuq˜ @ bÈka thska úis jirlg miq ls;=ir tod ÿka m%;s{dj bgq l, wdldrh foi wdmiq yeß ne,sfïÈ úis jir l,dmh ls;=ir .ek fukau ls;=kq mqj;am;a udOH Ndú;h fukau fï rfÜ ls;=kq Ndú;h .ek mq¿,a woyia ±laùulg fõÈldjla jk fia t<s ±laùug wms woyia lf<uq' tls ixj;air l,dmh i|yd ,shkakehs wms újD;jo fm!oa.,slj o werhqï lf<uq' wfma werhqug ,o m%;spdr fuu l,dmh ;=< bvlv we;s mßÈ uqøs; wl=re njg m;a j ;sfí' ta yerekq úg ls;=ir .ek f;dr;=re we;=,;a ,sms lSmhlao fuys wvx.=h' ,dxlsh ls;=kq b;sydifha uÕ fkdyeßh yels úl,am Ndú;djl j.;=. wkd.;fhaÈ fidhd úuid n,k ldyg jqjo fuu ixj;air l,dmh jeo.;a fõ hehs wms is;uq' Bg odhl jq ieug wfma ia;+;sh msßkuk w;r Tfí m%;spdro n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq' 29/09/2012 ls;=ir lKavdhu Í§ udj;" l<uq,a," l¿;r' 5

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

mgqk 01' msh igyka

02' ls;=ir msgq úúO;ajh

66 - 70

.re fgrkaia m%kdkaÿ ifydaor;=ud

10' iudc foaYmd,k ls;=kq wei újr l< úYajdifha oEi

63 - 65

.re fnkälagd m%kdkaÿmq,af,a lkHdfidhqßh

09' meúÈ Èúh wre;a .kakjkakg t<sh ÿka ls;=ir

60 - 62

.re úl%u f*dkafiald mshku

08' nq;a;,ska miq .ukg w;aje,la jQ ls;=ir

57 - 59

.re w¾kiaÜ fmdaref;dg msh;=ud

07' ls;=ir" ls;=irldrfhda yd ls;=ir lKavdhu

52 - 56

uyskao kdu,a

06' ls;=ir ;=<ska Èiafjk —ls;=kq˜ i,l=Kq igyka lsÍu jà

38 - 51

wð;a yeâ,s fmf¾rd

05' ls;=ir ifydaor ne¿ï yd T,sffh fkdalals

24 - 37

.re ir;a boaou,af.dv msh;=ud

04' w;S;djf,dalkh

18 - 23

uyskao kdu,a - m%Odk l;D ls;=ir mqj;am;

03' ls;=ir ,dxflah úuqla;s foaj O¾ufha kj mrmqrl wd;au m%ldYhla f,i

11 - 17

uyskao kdu,a - m%Odk l¾;D ls;=ir mqj;am;

wcka; pdkl

71 - 74

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

11' mßirh ms<sn| foõ oyu ck yog lshdÿka ls;=ir

12' ls;=ir .ek uf.a w;a±lSu

75 - 77

.re fïßhia ksu,a msh;=ud

78 - 79

fcda¾Ê iaàjka l=f¾ - mhd.,

13 "Kithusara" Voice for the voiceless

80 - 81

Rev. W.P. Ebenezer Joseph General SecretaryNational Christian Council of Sri Lanka

14' úYAjdih" ukqIHfhl= ;ekSu" ls;=irg mejfrk hq.fha ld¾hhs

.re frdydka is,ajd ^ks'u'ks& msh;=ud m%foaYdêm;s ^ks'u'ks&" mdlsia:dkh" nx.a,dfoaYh" cmdkh" fldßhdj" wh;a fld<U m%dfoaYslh

15' ls;=ir

103 - 106

I¾,s úfÊisxy uydpdrhh le,Ks úYaj úµd,h

20' ls;=irg yrir

97 - 102

.re fkdfh,a l%siaàka meúÈ fidhqßh fÊiq ;=ukaf.a yd ußh ;=ñhf.a ohdfõ fidhqßfhda

19' ls;=ir .uka u.

94 - 96

;rx.kS frisld

18' wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha ukao fmdaIKh

89 - 93

.re w¾kiaÜ fmdaref;dg msh;=ud

17' weoys,sjka;hka wjÈ l< lgq igyka

85 - 88

.re ä,dka fmf¾rd msh;=ud ixialdrl - Nla;s m%fndaOkh

16' úl,am isxy, ls;=kq m%ldYk yd ls;=ir

82 - 84

107 - 108

tia' Ô' mqxÑfyajd - kS;S{ 7

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

21' mdmfhka ó§u fjkqjg mdmh iuÕ ikaOdk.; ùu

109 - 120

isâks udlia vhia - idys;Hfõ§

22' ls;=ir" Tn ienE ls;= ck;djf.a fmr.ukalre úh hq;=uh æ

121 - 124

fu,ks udfk,a fmf¾rd - udOHfõÈks

23' idys;HOrfhl= olsk ls;=ir

24' ud olsk zls;=irZ

197 - 209

.re l=iqï l=udrisß foaj .e;s;=ud

32' wd.u oyu iy fm%auh

193 - 196

wekavDD m%kdkaÿ

31' h:d¾:hg wjÈ fjuq

189 - 192

úf,a mSßia

30' iudc úuqla;shg foaj jpkh

180 - 188

isß,a tf`âruq,a,

29' ls;=ir l%sia;= úuqla;s Ñka;kfha m%ldYkhls

174 - 179

i' n' fj,a.u

28' furg úuqla;s foaj O¾uhg fudlo jqfKa @

156 - 173

úð;a frdydka le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h

27' foú`ÿka mSä;hka iu`.h

133 - 155

cQâ ,d,a m%kdkaÿ" ví,ska úYaj úµd,h" wh¾,ka;h

26' ls;=ir yd osjeisjr fufyjr

129 - 132

wdßhr;ak iqnisxy wdrÉÑ

25' cd;sl .eg¿j iy ,xldfõ ls;=kq iNdj

125 - 128

pQ,dkkao iurkdhl - idys;H yd udOHfõ§

imq.ialkafoa rxð;a

210 - 213

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

33' wruqKla lrd hEug

34' O¾ñIaG;ajhg M, oeÍu

248

ã'iS'tï' m%kdkaÿ

43' ls;qkq yrh fidhk ls;=ir foaYmd,kh

244 - 247

f,df¾gd jdia

42' ls;=ir Èjeis y`vla

236 - 243

chka; fudaorf.a

41' ls;=ir ,shl=,h yd ußh foõ oyu

234 - 235

ù'mS'kkAok fmf¾rd - ls;=ir mdGl

40' ia:dms; u;su;dka;r yd jHdc iodpdrh úIfhys idys;Hlrejd wNsfhda.j;a úh hq;=h

231 - 233

ksmqksld fu,ka;s m%kdkaÿflá Ñ;%mg wOHlaIsld

39' ,xldfõ tlu úl,am wd.ñl m%ldYkh

229 - 230

fcdaYma ta vhia" iyh ixialdrl - Nla;s m%fndaOk

38' ls;=ir 20 fjks ixj;airh fjkqfjka igyka lrñ

225 - 228

Ô' fÊ' weka;ks wmamqydñ

37' ls;=ir wd .uka u. ksjerÈh

221 - 224

ì%cÜ j¾Kl=,iQßh

36' wjosj isàu hq.fha m%n, wjYH;djhls

216 - 220

fvkais,a m%kdkaÿ - m%ùK PdhdrEmYs,amS

35' —úuq;a u.g úuq;a yrhlaj˜

214 - 215

wekavD chudkak m%ùK isudfõ§ yd leurd wOHlaIl

249 - 253

isßfiak chj¾Ok 9

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

44' wOHd;añl jHdmdr wdh;k.; jkafka flfiao

45' kj wyila kj fmd<jla Wfoid

260 -266

pu;a ì' mhd.,

46' úisjir fjkqfjka ls;=irg m%Yak 20 la

256 -259

.S;dks yd ls%iaá fmf¾rd

45' ls;=ir lshjd .eksu' ls;=ir lshjd .eksu'

254 - 255

ir;a wfír;ak

ls;=ir mqj;amf;a ixialdrl uyskao kdu,a iuÕ l< ixjdoh

267 - 280

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

01 msh igyka uyskao kdu,a - m%Odk l¾;D ls;=ir mqj;am;

ls;=ir Wm; mqj;am;la ms,sn| woyi ixjdo .Kkdjl m%;sM,hla f,i iaÓridr woyila njg fmr<sKs' m%:ufhka thg —±l=u˜ hk ku fhÈuq' uydpd¾h iqks,a wdßhr;ak Bg iqn me;=ulao tjd ;snqKs' —yeu w;skau ksjerÈ ±laula wjeis ld,hl ±l=u ìysùu i;=gls'˜ hkqfjka tys i|yka úh' —rdjh˜ iÕrdjo —újrK˜ iÕrdjo fj<|fmd, ;=< mej;sfhka fmdÿ weu;=ulg jvd ls;=kq weu;=ul we;s wjYH;djh kej; kej; ixjdohg ,la úh' wjik ls;=kq mqj;am;la f,i bÈßhg hEug ;SrKh úh' yeâ,s fidfydhqrd fhdackd l< —ls;=ir˜ ku f,i f;dard .ekqKs' mqj;am;la f,i ls;=ir ,shdmosxÑ lsrSu B,Õ ld¾hh úh' tl, wmg ls;=ir lKavdhu hehs yeÈkaùula fkd;snqKs' mqj;amf;a ixialdrljrfhl= fyj;a l¾;Djrhdo uqøKlreo" whs;slreo ,shdmÈxÑhg wjeis úh' 11

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ixialdrl j.lSu fï ,shqïlreg mejßKs' uqøKlre Idka m%skag¾iah' whs;slrefjl= fkdùh' —whs;slre˜ mqj;am;l m%Odk j.W;a;rlrefjls' mqj;am;a wdh;khla fyda ixúOdkhla fkdjQfhkao w;SYh oreKq u¾ohlg miq tys WKqiqu myj fkd.sh jljdkqjla jQ neúkao" —whs;slre˜ j.lsj hq;= ±kque;s tä;r flfkl=o wm ys;jf;l=o úh hq;= úh' ls;=ok mqnqÿfõ wm lrk ,o u;jd§ wr.,j,§ 60 úh blaujd isáh o" ;reKnj fkdblaujQ Èh,f.dv ;shfvda¾ ;d;a;dg whs;slre N+ñldj i|yd wms werhqï lf<uq' fya Bg fkdmels,sj bÈßm;a úh' ,shdmÈxÑ l%shdj,shg kS;S{ iyhla wjeis úh' tl, wm ys;j;a ñ;=frl= jQ mdG,S pïmsl rKjl fidhqrd tl, ;reK cjfhka hq;=j f,aLkfha fhÿkq v,ia w,ymafmreu fidfydhqrdf.a {d;S fidfydhqßhl v,ia ud¾.fhka fhduq lr ÿks' j¾I 1992 cQksfha Èfkl wms ls;=ir ,shdmÈxÑ lghq;= iïmQ¾K lf<uq' w¿;a lfâ Widú N+ñh wi, f;a lvhlska maf,akaá î" l¾;D" whs;slre" uqøKlre yd ta .ukg wm yd tla jQ fiair msh;=ud;a i;=g iurK ,È' m;a;f¾ uqøK lvodis fld<U fldgqfjka f.k T¿fõ yd lf¾ ;nd f.k fmdä iqf¾Ia ^iqf¾Ia relaud,a& fudrgqjg f.kdfõh' uq,a msgqj yd w. msgqj T*a fiaÜ ;dlaIKfhka lsÍu i|yd ghsma fiáka lr f.kdfõo Tyq h' wfma f.or mqgqj u; ,E,a,la ;nd wms tajd msgqj,g ilia lf<uq' lsisÿ Èfkl msgq ieliSfï mqyqKqjla w;a±lSula fkd;snQ wm" .ï álla l;=rla wä rE,la f.k wmg yef.k fia th lf<uq' w. msgqfõ msgq ileiau weo nj wm ÿgqj;a kej; ielish yels ;;a;ajhla fkd;snqKs' ud;Dld lgq mEklska yd*aISÜ fld,j, ,shd we,jQ nj u;lh' ta wdOqksl wjêhla nj uq,a l,dmh foi n,k úg fyd¢ka ±lsh yel' පිgq ieliSfï wdOQksl nj uola u. yerefKa iqkkao fidfydhqrdf.a iyh ksidh' fidaÿm;a neÆ l¿;r i.fhda m<uq l,dmh uqøKd,fhka ksulrjd .;af;ah' 12

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ta 1992 cQ,sfha i÷Þ Èkls' fudrgqj fldr,je,af,a isg m;a;r msgq T;df.k fudag¾ nhsisl,fha .eg .idf.k jEj, ,e.=ï .Dyhg /f.k wdfõ ljq±hs ug u;l ke;' tys /ia jQ wm m;a;r msgq kjd f.dv .id hd[djl fhÿfkuq' fiaisß msh;=ud wdisß meka bi bÈßhg foú÷ jrï me;=fõh' —foú÷fKa i;Hfha y`v" fm%aufha y`v ckhd fj; f.k hkak ck;djf.a y`v u;= lrkak fï mqj;am;o wmjo WmlrKhla lr .; uekú˜ mqj;am; wdorfhka je,|.kakgo fnod yßkakgo iQodkï jQ ;reK msßila rd.u fmar,kao" iS¥j" ó.uqj" l¿;r" fudrgqj wd§ m%foaYj, f.dkq ù isáfhda h' TjQyq tlS ld¾hh Êj,s;j bgq lrk ,È' Wm;lg fmr ls;=ir Wm; .ek úúO wh úúO woyia m, lr;s' tfy;a tys ienE l;dj fufiah' mqj;am; t<s ±l jir úiaila jQjdg mqj;am;lg mK ÿka msßif.a f.dkqùug jir úis myls' ta yuqùu lsisfjl= úiska l,a ;shd ie,iqï l< tlla fkdfõ' úúO ;ekaj, Y=oaOd;auhdKka iam¾Y l<d heh lsj yels msßiaj, yuqjls' úYajdifha weiska th foúhka l< uqK.eiaùuls' f u u yuqfõ m%Odk Odrd fol jkafka wïmsáh cd;sl foõi;ayf,ka msìÿKq ;reK ifydaor;=uka,d yd l¿;r m%foaYfha f.dkq ù isá ;reK msßia h' tfiau ls;=ok mqnqÿj" ;reK l%sia;shdks YsIH jdhdmdrh" oyï mdi,a wdÈfhka hï msì§ula ,nd ;j bÈßhg hEug wjeisj ;snQ ;reK ;reKshka h' rfÜ f,dafla isÿùï iuÕ mj;sk .;dkq.;sl iNd ms,sfj;a j,g tyd .sh fohla h l%sia;shdksh hk woyi ys;g ±kqkq iajdëkj f.dv ke.=kq ;reK ;reණshkah' Tjqka ish¿ fokd wvq jeä jYfhka ld,fha i<l=Kq ;=<ska foúhkaj y÷kd.kakg W;aiy lrñka isá furg m%.;sYS,S jHdmdrfhka wdf,dalhla ,nd.ksñka isá msßils' TjqyQ fmr mrmqf¾ m%.;sYS,S mshjr bj lr nerÆ msßils' 19971 § l=vd <uqka jQo 1983 § fmr kj fh!jkhka jQ o 88$89 § ;reKhka jQo msßils' Bg jvd uola jeäuy,a fyda uola nd, wh isáfha tfll= fofofkl=h' 13

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

1987 § isÿ jQ uhsl,a reøS.+ msh;=udf.a >d;kh úiska l%sia;shdks wre;skao 88$89 jljdkqfõ >d;kh l< yeg oyilg wêl ;reK ;reKshkaf.a lemùu úiska iudÔh wre;ska o lsishï wkqm%dKhla ,enQ msßils' ol=fKa fukau W;=f¾o" weúf<k .sksoe,a ;=<ska iñ÷kaf.a y`v wikakg ijka úúr lr .;a mßils' msgq ieliSfï yd uqøKfha fjfyi 1992 cQ,s ux., l,dmh äuhs msgq 8 la iys;j uqøKh lf<a fudrgqj fldr,je,a, Idka m%skag¾ia ys§h' m<uq msgqj yd w. msgqj ´*afiÜ l%uhgo wks;a msgq f,g¾ fm%ia l%uhgo uqøKh lrk ,È' ñ, kshu jQfha remsh,a y;rlghs' msgm;a 1000 la uqøKh lrk ,È' uqøKh yd msgq ieliSï iïnkaëlrKfha nr iqf¾Ia relaud,a ^fmdä iqf¾Ia& uQ,slj ±Íh' rE rgd fh§fï§ iqkkao id.r fidhqrdf.a iyh uq,a ld,fha§ ,nd .kakd ,È' 1994 wfm%a,a udifha isg ish¿ msgq f,g¾ fm%ia l%uhgu uqøKh lsÍu wrUk ,È' Bg fya;= jQfha msßjeh m%Yakhls' t;eka isg msgq ieliSu ms,sn| yd rE rgd fh§u ms<sn| úfYaI wjYH;djhla meK fkdke.sks' YS¾I mdG i|yd íf,dla j,g wjYH w¾Ü j¾la i|yd iyh muKla ,nd .eKqks' 1993 iema;eïn¾ udifha isg ls;=ir uqøKh fudrgqfjka tf`âruq,a, id,sh ms%kag¾ia fj; udre úh' uqøKh ms,sn| jeä nrla úl%u msh;=ud ±rE w;r msgq ieliqu ms,Sn| jeä nrla cQâ ,d,a msh;=ud we;=¿ l|dk" fmar,kao" fidfydhqre fidfydhqßhka fj; mejreKs' 1995 wfm%a,a j,§ m;a;f¾ m%udrKh äuhs msgq 12 la olajd fjkia úh' ñ, re'5la úh' t;eka isg udi .Kkdjla m;a;f¾ msgq ieliSu l¿;ßka isÿ jQ w;r uqøKh j;a;, iS'ta' m%skag¾ia ys§ isÿ úh' kuq;a uqøKlre f,i j.lSu ielish hq;= ld,hla id,sh m%skag¾ia úiska orK ,oafoa' wmg olajk wkq.%yhla jYfhks' 14

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

miqj msgq ie,iqu j;a;, iS'ta m%skag¾ia ys .S;dkS fidfydhqßh úiska isÿ lrk ,È' 1999 iema;eïn¾ udifha§ äuhs 1$8 16 la olajd msgq jeä jQ w;r uq,a msgqj j¾K follska uqøKh úh' ñ, re'6la olajd jeä úh' uqøKfha j.lSu j;a;, iS'ta m%kag¾ia orK ,È' 2000 uehs isg kej;;a mqj;amf;a ieliSu uqøKh l¿;rg udre úh' uqøKfha j.lSu ;j ÿrg;a iS'ta m%skag¾ia ±rE w;r msgq ieliSu fírej, bf¾Id fidfydahqßh w;ska isÿ úh' 2008 uehs isg kej;a ls;=ir äuhs 1$4 msgq 12 lska hqla;j werUqKs' ñ< re'15 la úh' msgq ieliSu l¿;r isÿ l< w;r uqøKh je,sir f,lag%d .%e*sla j,g udre úh' uqøK nrmek i|yd jdikd fidfydhqrd uQ,sl nrmek ork ,È' 2008 fkdjeïn¾ isg msgq ieliSu ó.uqjg Ndr úh' t;eka isg tys jeä j.lSu ,d,a fidfydhqrd" uxcq, fidfydhqrd yd frdIdks fidfydhqßh we;=¿ ó.uqfõ msßi úiska orKq ,nhs' fnod yeÍfï yd uqo,a tl;= lsÍfï fjfyi ls;=ir wdrïn jQfha uQ,sl wruqo,la fkdue;sjh' tys mej;Su tla;rd wdYap¾hhls' ta m%d;syd¾hh isÿ jkafka jekaoUqjf.a m`vqr yd mQm jeä lsÍfï m%d;sydrfha§ ;uka i;= frdà lsysmh;a uiqka fofokd;a ,nd ÿka l=vd orejdf.a bÈßm;aùu jeks bÈßm;a ùï u;h' uq,a ld,fha§ fnodyeÍfï uQ,sl j.lSu ±refõ l¿;r fidfydhqre fidfydhqßhka h' f.hska f.g yd .ñka .ug f.dia ls;=ir fnod yeÍug Wr ÿka l¿;r- wfrdaIA" fmdä iqf¾IA" f,dl= iqf¾Ia" ik;a" iqu,a m%uql msßio" mhd.,ks,añKs" pu;a" ksfrdaIKS" u.af.dk- fm%ais,a" pñkao" fírej,- wcka;" .eiagka" m%shka;" l¿;r W;=r- ,d,a" iSÿjtñ,a rxcq we;=¿ msßio" rd.u"fmar,kao- YHdu,S" kdu,S" cQä;a" ksÆld" l%siaàka" fudrgqj- w¾kiaÜ" l,aHdk" ufkdaÊ" mdkÿr- §ma;s" we;=¿ msßiao" ó.uqj- fviauka" fm%auka" uelais" 15

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

f,dfrgd" ä,dka" wd§ msßia o y,dj;- ì%cÜ wïud we;=¿ msßiao" f;dvqjdj- ksfrdaId" Wfoaks" cqä;a" nx.foksh- is;drd fkdaksia" ckl" fjkakmamqj- ysrkaHd we;=¿ msßio" .ïmypór fldiaj;a;" wð;a" jYfhka úúO m%foaYj, ;reK ;reKsfhda yd jeäysáfhda fndfyduhls' Tjqkaf.a w;a±lSï úYd, fmd;lg wdY%h lr .; yels ;rï úh' ls;=ir iEu úgu th ;emEf,ka ,nd .;a ksYaÑ; Þhlhska msßila isáfhdah' Tjqkag m;a;r ;eme,a lsÍfï j.lSu uq,a hq.fha§ iqñ;a bkaÈld neis,a wd§ka úiska lrk ,È' ls;=irg PdhrEm iemhSfï § uq,a hq.fha iqf¾Ia u,a,S fjfyi úh' Tyq úiska .;a b;d fyd| PdhdrEm .Kkdjla ls;=irg Ôjh iemhSh' ls;=ifrys Ôjh jQfha thg Þhl jQ lsisfjl= ta Þhlùu fjkqfjka lsisÿ f.ùula fkd,eîuhs' ish,a,ka iafjÉPdfjka jev l< wh h' fndfyda úg thg ,shQ who f,aLlhska f,i ;uka f.dvk.d.ekSu wruqKq lr fkd.;a wh h' fndfyda ,smsj, kï .ï i|yka fkdùh' woyig jvd ku foi n,d ,sms lshùug yqre ù isák whg th we;eï úg .eg¿jla úh' mqoa.,hd iuÕ woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug leu;s whg th .eg¿jla nj we;a;ls' .ñka .u fukau ÿïßfhao niakej;=ïfmd,j,o TjQyQ ls;=ir wf<ú lrk ,È' fï ld¾hhg iïnkaO jQ mQcl msßilao úh' ls;=ir uqøKh tf`âruq,a,g Ndrùu;a iuÕ fnodyeÍfï yd uqo,a tl;=lsÍfï yd fidhd.ekSfï úYd, j.lSu ±refõ úl%u fidfydhqrdh' msgm;Aa 1000 lska werô mqj;am; tla ld,hl§ msgm;a 3000 olajd j¾Okh úh' ta i|yd odhl jQ msßi kï .ï j,ska i|ydka l< fkdyels ;rfï úYd, msßils' jir 4 l muK ld,hla ;=< ls;=ir mqj;a m; m, fkdùu fya;= fldg f.k ls;=ir mdGl msßi fukau fnodyeÍfï cd,ho ì| jegqKs' ±ka tg kej; l%ufhka f.dvkef.ñka mj;S' 16

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir uqøKhg iEu uilu jdf.a ysÕ jk uqo, Bg wdorh lrk wh úiska mshjd ouhs' ckm%sh u;hla fkdorK Èjeisjr y`vla lsis lsisúfgl wf,ú NdKavhla fyda ,dN ,nk NdKavhla njg m;a fkdfõ' ls;=irg remsh, fol ,nd ÿka ish .Kklf.a w; ys; ls;=if¾ Ôjhhs' úúO wdldrfhka ls;=irg odhl jQ fuys kï .ï i|yka l< hq;= msßi ish .Kkls' ls;=ir úúO u¾okhkag f.dÿre fjoa§ tA fjkqfjka fmkS isg iyh ±lajQ ls;=ir ys;j;=ka rdYshls' ls;=ir u;h fjkqfjka fmkS isákafkdao rdYshls' ls;=ir whs;s jkafka by; lS ta ish¿ fokdghs'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

02 ls;=ir msgq úúO;ajh uyskao kdu,a - m%Odk l;D ls;=ir mqj;am;

ls;=ir mqj;am;la jQjdg th werUqfKau ud isl mqj;am;la f,i idudkHdhka mqj;am;a m, jkafka Èkm;d fyda i;sm;d’ Bg fya;=j mqj;a blaukska h,a mekSu' ls;=ir tfyukï m;a;rhla fkfuhs' iÕrdjla fï újdoh ;du;a mj;skjd' kuq;a th mqj;am;la f,ihs uq, isg wo olajdu l%shd;aul jkafka' udisl mqj;am;la ùu ksidu tys wka;¾>;h fjka jqfKa úä jYfhka m%jD;a;s i|yd fkdfjhs' yqÿ m%jD;a;s ú,ka tydg .sh ,sms f,aLk i|ydhs' ta ksid ls;=ir iïm%Þhsl mqj;am;lg jvd fjkia' ls;=if¾ wka;¾>;h fldhs jf.ao lshk ldrKh .ek uq, isgu wmg ;snQ woyia ;ju;a nrm;, fjkilg l,a fj,d kE' fï ,smshg úIh jkafka ls;=if¾ wka;¾>;fha uQ,sl bï fmfoia' 18

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

uq,a msgqj yd uq,a mqj; m<uq l,dmfha uq,a isria;,h jQfha —tlu ÈjH i;am%idoh ,nk ñksiqkaf.a msÕkaj, foúÈyl lEu ;sìh fkdyel˜ hkakhs' uq,a l,dmfha§ uq,a mqj;g ksYaÑ; yevhla fkd;snqKs' j¾:udkh jk úg ld,Sk m%jD;a;shlg jvd ld,Sk iudc m%Yakhlg wÞ, flá ú.%yhlgls;=ir uq,a mqj; fhduq fjkjd fï Bg ksoiqka lsysmhla ck;djf.a ksy`v;djh mdjd§ula ù we;’ ^94 cQ,s& nvq ñ, jeäùug bv yeÍu ñks ueÍula ^2008 uehs& fndrej /jàu whjeh .;lsÍfï mdmh’ ^2008 fkdjeïn¾& orejka urd ;ukq;a uefrk >d;k ixialD;shla ^2009 uehs& úYajdifha oEi uq,isg wo olajdu ls;=ir lKavdhfï iudc wd¾Òl foaYmd,k ±lau fuu msgqfjka m%ldYhg m;a fõ' úuiqu yd lgy`v lsishï iudc m%Yakhla" isÿùula ms<sn| ú.%yhla iuÕ ta .ek úúO md¾Yajhka olajk woyia fï hgf;a ika.Dys; fõ' id;kaf.a m;a;r l,dj ^93 cQ,s& orejka úkdY lrk iskud ;re jkaokdj ^95 Tlaf;daïn¾& ñksiqka wYajhska jekaoùu ^95 fkdjeïn¾& wms wmsju iQrd .ekSu ^96 cQ,s& l;d lrk" l÷¿ i,k" f,a y,k iqrejï ^99 iema;eïn¾& iqn odkho ìh odkho ^99 Tlaf;daïn¾& 19

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wduka;%Kh fndfyda úg iqoaojka;fhl= fj;l lrk weu;=ula f,i ,shefjkakls' t u.ska idka;=jr Ôú;fha jákdlï yd idka;=jr ne;sfha wkONdjh .ek biau;= flf¾' —ohdnr wkaf;daks uqkaÿkS ^m<uq l,dmh&˜ l¿,E,a, uq,a l,dm j, isgu ±rejka .ek úfYaI wjOdkhla ls;=ir fhduq lr, ,È' th <uqka úl=KkalEula f,io" we;euqka w¾:l;kh lrk ,È' ta w¾:l;k .ek wfma woyi wms wÞ< fkdjk w;r <uhska .ek wfma wjOdkh wvq fkdúK' j;auka ls;=ir mqj;am; ;=< l¿,E,a, úfyaIdx.h m, fkdjqKo <uqkaf,a m%Yak .ek wjOdkh w;a fkdyeßh fkdyels j.lSuls' .S;dj,sh ldj ks¾udK i|yd ls;=if¾ bvlv fjka yeÈkajQfha .S;dj,sk kñks’ ls;=ir iuÕ kjl f,aLl mrmqrla frdlaùu m%Odk f;da;ekak jQfha fuu ls;=irhs' .S;dj,sh fj; wd ks¾udK j, m%udKd;aul nj ksidu ls;=ir foj;djlau —.S;sj,skh˜ kñka úfYaI w;sf¾l folla m, lrk ,È' ;ekska ;ek .ñka .u m%foaYfha mqj;a ¨yq`äka jd¾;d l< ls;=if¾ j,mißh fuhhs' iNd kdhlhskaf.a fukau fmndrfyda fofkl=f.a Woyig ,la jQfha fuu ;Srefõ ±lajQ mqj;ah' fndfyda úg fï ;Srefõ m, jqfha O¾uhg mgyek l%shdjka .ekh' —msh;=ud wrlal= fjkafoaisfha˜ Bg ksoiqkls' f,da jgd uq, isgu ls;=ire ±rE u;hla jQfha úYaùh ifydaor;ajh wjidk .e,ùu i|yd wjeis njh' f,da jgd we;s idOkSh ls;= ck;d m%h;akhka yd we;eï ck;d fødayS ind l%shdldrlï hgf;a jd¾;dflrek' isxy, ls;=kq m%ldYk w;r úYaj mqj;a 20

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

m, lsÍfï mqfrda.dó úfYaIdx.h f,da jgd úh' m%ydrl hdkd u; f,a ;jrd úfrdaoh md;s' mdma .uka ck;d iduh i|ydo md,l ika;DIaáh ro.=re;=ukag ks< iNdfjka jdrKh’ rcfhka urK ;¾ck yo .eiau mdGl m%cdjf.a ,sms yd woyia i|yd fjka flreKq bv lv —yo .eiau˜ hs' yo .eiaug ,sùu u.ska ;u woyia ,sÅ; udOH ;=<ska ikaksfõokh lsÍug w;a fmd;a ;enQ fjda fndfyda fofkls' flúá myr yd mrúhd ls;=ir uq,a l,dmhg wh;a jQ —m,a,sfha mfrhshdf.a pdßld igyk˜ ydiH yd uqiqj isÿùï újrKh lrk ;Sre ,smshls' tys m<uq jekafa ueh jQfha —wdorY yd mrudo¾Y W;a;udorY˜ miqj fláú myr kñka ;Sre ,smshlao ;ls;=ir yev .kajk ,È' mqxÑ iqjdñf.a yDo idlaIsh uq,a l,dmfha isgu m, jkakls' ;Sre ,smshls' kjl mQcljreka ;u w;alSï .e,jqïldr fÊiq;=ukaf.a oDIaÀfhka úuid n,d igyka lrkakls' b;sx isiag meúÈ fidfydhqßhkaf.a weiqfrys ,nk w;a±lSïigyka lsÍula f,i werUqKs' th we;eï fidfydhqßhkaf.a úfõpkhg ,la úh' mqxÑ iqjdñf.a yDo idlaIshg bv fooa§ isiag¾, .ek m%Yak lrk iajrEmhla .;af;a wehs lsh,d' we;a;gu Bg fya;= jqfKa ;u .eiau ,shkak isiag¾, fkdisàu’ miqj fï ;Srej —meúÈ fidfydhqßhkaf.a yo .eiau f,i rEmdka;%Kh jqKd' uq, isgu ls;=irg wjeis jqfKa iNyj;a fndfyda úg wu;l lr ouk mejeÈ fidfydhqßhkaj wu;l fkdlsÍu' 21

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

,sh l=,h —ia;%Sh˜ iudch ;=< m%Odk mSä; lKavdhla’ ia;%S y`v" ia;%S m%Yak iqúfYaIj biau;= lsÍu i|yd ls;=ir fjka l< m;abrej ,sh l=,hhs' ñysir ls;=kq mqj;am;la msÍiÍl foõ oyu u;= lsÍu i|yd fjka l< m<uq bv lvhs' th ;ju;a isxy, ls;=kq m%ldYk w;r ta ud;Dldj .ek m, jk tlu úfYaIdx. msgqjhs' ikaoHdj Ôú;fha ieoE iuh .; lrk uõ mshka .ek úfYaI wjodkhla fhduq lrkakg ls;=ir fjka l< bv lv fï msgqj .eko <uhs úl=Kka lEu jeks m%;spdr ,enqKo th wlKavj ke;;a ls;=ir wjOdkhls' weoys,sjka;fhl=f.a lgq igyka ls;=ir fojk l,dmfha isg m, jk ;Srejls’ tÈfkod w;a±lSï weiqfrka ,shefjk igyka fm<ls' O¾udêlrKh iudc whqla;Ska widOdrKhka O¾uh u; msysgd úksYaphg ,la lrk úfYaIdx.hls' ls;=ir mia jk l,dmfhka werUqKs' idlaIsorkakka lemjqkq Ôú;j, wdro¾Yhka fnod .ekSug ls;=ir wdrïNfha isgu ish bvlv fjka lrk ,È' ks, iNdjkaf.a we.hSug l,a fkdjk ck;djf.a me;af;a isg oyfï úuqla;s yrh u;= lsÍug l%shd l< ls;=kq fkdls;=kq pß; .ek ls;=ir ksrka;rfhka igyka ;enqjdh' ls;=ir mia jk l,dmfha§ .re uhsl,a reøS.+ msh;=ud .ek úfYaI w;sf¾lhla m, jQ w;r l,dmfhau t,a ie,ajfodarfha m%dK mß;Hd.S jQ tu l,dmfhau t,a 22

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ie,ajfodarfha m%dK mß;Hd.S jQ cASú; .ek úfYaI ,smshla m, lrk ,È' j¾;udkfha§ .sys mQcl msgqj hgf;a iqúfYaIS Ôú;do¾Yhla igyka lrhs' ifydaor ne¿ï cd;sl m%Yakh ms,sn| ls;=ir ±lau ls;=ir .ufka újdÈl lrekla ù we;' miq.sh oYl fol ;=< th uQ¿ rfÜu újdÈ; ud;Dldj ù ;sfí' ls;=ir W;=re ke.kysr ck yo .eiau ol=Kgo ol=fKa yo .eiau W;=rgo ±k .; yels f,i ixialrKh lrk ,o msgqj ifydaor ne¨ïhs' úúrK O¾ufha yrh úuid nef,k úúrkhkag ls;=ir bv lv fjka jQfha uq, isguhs' fojk l,dmfhka werô wd.u mekfvda,a fm;a;lao@ ,sms ud,dj tys wdrïNh úh' jika;h úh'

;dreKH i|yd fjka l< ls;=ir bv lv jika;h

idñÑh$ wdrdê; yuqj$ idr ixjdo ls;=ir úúo mqoa.,hska iuÕ l< ixjdo úúO ld, j,§ by< isg úúO YS¾I igyka jd¾;d fldg we;' myka jeg ls;=ir l,d yd idys;H msgqj myka jeghs' j;aufka§ ;=kafjks ne,au kñka l,dm follg jrla ksl=;ajk idys;H w;sf¾lhlao ls;=ir m, lrhs' úuqla;s .;sl idys;H lÓldj fmdaIKh lsÍu msgqfõ wruqKhs'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

03 ls;=ir ,dxflah úuqla;s foaj O¾ufha kj mrmqrl wd;au m%ldYhla f,i .re ir;a boaou,af.dv msh;=ud

1' wdrïNl miqìu ls;=ir lKavdhu úuqla;s foaj O¾ufha kj mrmqrl m%ldYhla hhs f;areï .; yels jkafka o" Tõyq wo fhoS isgsk l%shdldß;ajhka f.a úfYaI;ajh f;areï .ekSug myiqjkafka o Tjqka ìysjQ jljdkqj yd Tõyq yeÿk jevqk iudc yd foaYmd,k mßirh f;areï .;a úg muKss' Tõyq ìysjQfha 89-90 § isÿjQ ;reK lre,a, yd Bg tfrysj tl, rch Èh;a l< NSIKh iu.hss' tjeks ;reK ke.sàulg miqìu ieliqfka 1977 § fÊ wd¾ chj¾Ok rch y÷kajdÿka újD; wd¾Ól Wmdh ud¾.hkays ;snqk wudkqIsl nj fya;= fldg f.khss' tu ld,h ;=<§ we;sjQ wd¾:sl foaYmd,k yd iudcSh jHQyhkays fjkialï j, n,mEu kd.ßl fukau .%dóh ;reK ;reKshkag ord.ekSug fkdyels ;rug ìyssiqKq 24

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

úh' ta wjÈh ;=,§ iudch ;=< we;sjQ wdodhï úYu;djh yd ú/lshdj wdka;sl ck fldgia j, ish¿ wfmalaIdjka iqKq úiqKq lr ±uqKs' ;jo újD; wd¾Ólh yd neÿKq ixialD;sl wdl%uKh nyq;rh ;=, we;s l, ±ä ú.,s;Ndjh lsisjl=g Tfrd;a;= kqÿKs' tl, ;reK Woaf>daIK j,§ —fld<Ug lsß .ug lelsß˜ hk igka mdGh tu m%jk;djhka .%dóh m%cdjg n,mE wdldrh meyeÈ,sj m%ldY lrhs' tu ;;a;ajhkag tfrysj f.dv ke.=k úfrdaOh yiqrejd md,kh lr.ekSu ioyd ish¿ n,;, tla mqoa.,fhla ;=, flakaø .; jQ úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh o m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë iy ksoyi iSudlsÍfï ;;a;ajhkaa o ìysl<y' fï ;;ajhkaf.kaa fyïn;ajQ tl< ;reK iudch úfYaIfhkau úYaj úoHd, isiqyq 88-89 jk úg Bg m%;spdr ±lajQfha ùÈ nei Woaf>daIK lrñks' ta w;r iuyr ;reK msßia rchg tfrysj ìysiqKq le/,a,la Èh;a l<y' tu ;reK le/,a,g tfrysj rch Èh;a l< fufyhqï ìfhka yd ;e;s .ekaulska uq¿ uy;a ,dxflah iudchu fj<d .;ay' wjidkfha§ tu hq.h yÿkajkq ,enQfha NSIK hq.h jYfhkss' 2' ls;=ir u;h ks¾udKh ùu tu isÿùï ud,dj ;=, u;=jQ YsIH w¾nQo" cd;sl m%Yakhg bkaÈhdkq ueÈy;aùu" foaY fma%ñ;ajh" ñksia >d;K" NSIKh yd iudch flfrys tajdfha n,mEï wd§ ish¿ f;audjka iu. fmdr ne¥ lKavdhuls ls;=ir' Tjqyq tu isÿùï j,g miqìïjQ widOdrK;ajh" iudc úIu;djhka" m%cd;ka;%jdohg ;snQ ;¾ckh" isÿjQ ixialD;sl mßydkshka úYaf,aIKh lrñka ;u weoys,a, ;=, msysgd ksrka;rj yd l%udkql+,j tajd fufkys l,y' ld,hla ;=<§ tu l%shdj,sh ;=,ska Tõyq ,dxlSh iudch ms<sn|j kj Ñka;khla f.dv k.d .;ay' Tõyq l,amkd lf,a rdcH jHhQyh we;s l<djQ iudc úYu;djhka fuu ;reK ke.sàug fya;= jQ njhs' tu ksid tu 25

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

mdmlr jHhQyh ì| oud jvd idOdrK wd¾Òl yd foaYmd,k jHhQyhla f.dv ke.Su tkï —foaj rdcH f.dvke.Su˜ hq.fha wjYH;djh nj o" th ;ukaf.a ls;=Kq le|ùu nj o" Tõyq úYajdi l<y' ;jo tu wruqK ienE lr.; yelsjkafka mq¿,a ck;d iyNd.s;ajhlska nj;a" ta ck;d iyNd.s;ajh ,nd .; yelafla mSä; fldgia ±kqj;a jk m%udKhg nj;a ck;dj ±kqj;a lsÍfï j.lSu ;uka úiska mjrd .; hq;= nj;a hk Tjqka f.a u;h jQ nj ls;=ir iu. È.=l,l weiqrl isá uu f;areï f.k we;af;ñ' 88-89 ld,h ;=< we;sjQ fmr ±lajQ iudc isÿùï bÈßfha ks, iNdj ;=,o hï wdldrhl fi,ùula olskakg ;snqk o" ks, iNdj tu h:d¾:h yÿkajd .;af;a ls;=ir ;reK ;reKshka h:d¾;h y÷kd.;a wdldrhg jvd yd;amiskau fjkia wldrhlgh' iNd kdhl;ajh ;reK msßi ÿgqfõ m%cd;ka;%sh rchlg tfrysj wú .;a ;reK ;%ia;jd§ka f,ih' tu ;reK fldgia úkdY lsÍu yer l, yels fjk;a fohla fkdue;s nj Tjqkaf.a ks.ukh úah' tu ld,h ;=, ;reK NslaIQka ish .Kkla we;=¿j ;reK ;reKhska 60000 muK >d;khg ,la jQjo tu >d;k je,elaùfï iudc j.lSu iNd kdhl;ajh ;=, olskakg fkd;snqKs' fuu isÿùï ms<snoj ixfõ§j foõi;ay, ;=, isá iuyr isiqka o ±ä lïmkhlg m;ajQy' Tõyq foaYk Yd,d ;=< ;uka bf.k .kakdjQ hqfrdamSh foaj O¾uh ,dxflah fmd<jg tkï tl< iudch ;=, u;=ù ;snqKdjQ h:d¾;hkag lsisfia;au fkd.e,fmk nj f;areï .;ay' tu ksid Tjqka lSm fofkla ck Ôú;hg w¾:j;a foaj O¾uhla fidhkakg fm<UqKs' tu jljdkqfõ§ ,;ska weußldj yd ms,Smskh wd§ rgj, orsø;djhg yd mSvKhg tfrysj ke.sàug ls;=kqjka fm<UjQ úuqla;s foaj O¾ufha wNdIh tu isiqkag lk jefgkakg jqKs' ta m%jK;djhka jvd úia;rd;aulj yd .eUqrg fidhd hkakg Tjqyq mgka .;ay' tu fidhd hEfï§ Tjqkag úúO mqoa.,hska uqK .eiqKs' 26

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

3' ls;=irg ;snQ wdNdIhka bka tla fY%aIaG mqoa.,fhla jQfha ksu, ußh ksldfha ;siai nd,iQßh msh;=udh' t;=ud ,dxlSh iudch ms<snoj b;d ;shqKq ú.%yhl fhfoñka isá flfkls' 1971 jk úg§" wlajhskia Wiia wOHmk wdh;kfha § t;=ud orñka isá fY%aIaGdêm;s OQrfhka b,a,d wiaù urodfka ãkaia mdf¾ iudÔh yd iduhsl flakaøh wdrïN l<y' iudcfha jvd;au mSvd úÈkakka jk fld<U me,am;a jdiSka" j;=lrfha lïlrejka" ldka;djk"a W;=f¾ yd kef.kysr fou, ck;dj wd§ka fj; hqla;sh b,a,d y`v .eiQ t;=ud fï ld,fha Èjeis jrfhlss' iudc idOdrK;ajh b,a,d iNdfõ yv wjÈ lrùug we;s m%Odk ndOdjla jkafka hqfrdamSh O¾uh hhs t;=ud y÷kajd we;" ,dxlsl ls;=kqjka f.a Ôú;h yiqrejkafka o" cd;sl foõi;ay, wd§ wdh;k j, isiqka bf.k .kafkao" oyï mdi,aj, W.kajkq ,nk O¾fudamfoaYh jkafkao" ta hqfrdamSh foaj O¾uh nj t;=ud ±rE u;h fõ' ls;=ir wNdIh ,enQ ;j;a foaj O¾udpd¾h jrfhla jkafka fÊiq ksldhsl wef,daIshia msßia msh;=udhs' t;=ud frdaufha f.%f.daßhka úYaj úoHd,fha wdpd¾h moúh w;ayer —;=,k˜ m¾fhaIK wdh;kh wdrïN l<y' t;=ud bÈßm;a lf,a wdishdkq úuqla;s foaj O¾uhla' wdishdkq ck;djf.a oßø;djh yd wd.ñl nj tys h:d¾:fha m%Odk idOl folla jYfhka t;=ud yÿkajd we;' t;=ud ;ukaf.a wdishdkq foaj O¾uh f.dv k.kafka tu moku u; h' uq¿ wdishdj jidf.k we;s oßø;djh wjdo¾Yhla neúka th bj;a l<hq;=h' t;=ukag wkqj oßø;djhg tfrysj hqla;sh b,a,d flfrk fufyjf¾§ wdishdkq iudcfha we;s w,afmaÉP;d Ôú;h keu;s wd.ñl;djh úYd, Wmldrhla nj mjid we;' th úuqla;s .ukg we;s Yla;Shlss' ls;=ir lKavdhfï wdNdIh ,enQ ;j;a jeo.;a foajO¾udpd¾hjrfhl= jkqfha .re uhsl,a reøS.= msh;=udh' 27

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

t;=udg wkqj hqfrdamSh foaj O¾uh wkqj flfkl=g úuqla;sh ,nd fokafka mQcl ;=ud uq,alrf.kh' ta il%fïka;= yrydh' úuqla;sh mQcl ;=udf.ka ,nd.kakjd yefrkakg oßøhdg fjk ld¾hla ke;' wdishdkq foaj O¾uh wkqj úuqla;s .ufka § oßøhdg bgqlsÍug úYd, j.lSula we;s nj t;=ud fmkajdoS we;' úuqla;s O¾uh m%pdrh lsÍu yd úuqla;s .ufka fmrgq. dñka jkafka o oßøhka u fõ' foõi;ayf,a wpd¾h uKav,fha fiajh lr miq l,l ta ish¿ jrm%ido w;yer uhsl,a reøS.= msh;=ud nq;a;, .fï me,l Ôj;ajQfha oßøhka iu. úuqla;s .ukg yjq,a jkakgh' nqoaO O¾ufha iudc yrhkag tu m%foaYfha ck;dj wjÈ lrjkag t;=uka W;aidy l<y' t;=udf.a Ôú; meje;au ;reK Ôú;j,g w;s uy;a wNsfhda.hla úh' ;jo" fuu ls;=ir lKavdhfï fndfyda kdhlhska hï lsis flá ld,hlg fyda ls;= ok mqnqÿfõ isß Tiald wfír;ak msh;=udf.a weiqr ,nd f.k we;' ta yryd nhsn,h b;d myiqfjka mrsYs,kh lsrSfï yqrej yd tys yrh jk iudc idOdrK;ajh f;areï .kakg Tjqkag wjia:dj ,ndf.k we;' by; kï ioyka l< ish¿ fokd fofjks j;sldkq uka;%K iNdj meje;ajQ jljdkqfõ§ tys wdrïNh" úldYkh yd tys iudc n,mEu ms<snoj frdaufha § flreK úfYaI iïuka;%K yd idlÉPd iNdjkag iyNd.sjQ whfõ' Bg iyNd.sjQ ldÈk,a iqfjfkkaia" ud¾áks yd we,a*skala" ro.=re fy,avd leudrd jeks ro.=rejrekaf.a wNdIh ,enQ whfõ' ;jo tys ldÈk,a jrekag yd ro.=re jrekag WmfoaYlhska jYfhka meñKs ld,a rdk¾" ials,fnlaia" fldka.d" ykaia l=x wd§ foajO¾udpdrh jrekaj weiqre l< whfõ' tu ksid fofjks j;sldkq uka;%K iNdfõ wdOH;auh .%yKh lr .;a fuu iïm;a odhlhska f.a weiqr ls;=ir ,nd .ekSu Tjqkag úfYaI w;a ±lSula jkq we;' 28

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

fojk j;sldkq uka;%K iNdj wdrïNfha§u 23 jk cqjdï mdma jykafia ÿmam;=kaf.a iNdjla .ek i|yka lr ;snqKs' miqj kQ;k f,dalh ;=, iNdj hk m%ldYkfhys iNdj ish,a,kaf.a yd úfYaIfhka oßøhskaf.a iNdjla úh hq;=h hkak m%ldY lr ;snqKs' bka miq m%ldYhg m;a 23 jk cqjdï mdma jykafiaf.a f.a Mater et Magistra and Pacem in Terris hk ,shú,s iy ihjk mdjq¿ mdma jykafiaf.a —ck;d m%.;sh˜ hk m%ldYkj, wjOdrKh lr ;snqfka ixj¾Okh ñksidf.a fiajh i|yd úh hq;= njh' tu m%ldYk ;=< j¾;udk idudch ;< oßøhka flfrys ish¿ ukqIHhskag mejfrk j.lSu ms<snoj i|yka oE by; i|yka foaj O¾udpd¾h jreka b;d meyeÈ,sj ,dxlSh ls;=kq iudch ;=, m;, lsßug lghq;= lr ;snqKs' ls;=ir iNdfõ w;s úfYaI yd úYsIaG .Kfha mqoa.,hska f.ka fmdaIKh ,nd we;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ' tjeks iïm;aodhl jrekaf.a wNdIh ,ndf.k ;sîu Tjqka ,nd we;s úYd, Nd.Hhls' tu hq.fhaÈ oßøhska w;r isÿflfrk l%shdldß;ajhka yÿkajdf.k ta ms,sn|j m%dfhda.sl w;a±lsï j,ska fmdaIKh ,eîu i|yd ls;=ir ckdjfndaO flakaøh iu. ióm iïnkaO;djhla mj;ajdf.k .shy' tys l%shdldß;ajhkays hï iajNdjhka flfrys úfõpkhkao Tjqka i;=j ;snqkd fkdfõ' tys weiqr ksid ,enQ w;a ±lSï j,g f.!rjh lsÍu ioyd foda cQâ ,d,a msh;=ud mQcl jrh ,eîfuka miqj mjqf,a wh iu. t;=ukaf.a —m<uq mQcdj˜ ckdjfndaO flakaøfha§ isÿ flßK' by; i|yka ish¿ whj¿kaf.a wNdYhka ksid úuqla;sh yd iNdj ms<sn|j o ls;=ir kj ±laula we;s lr .;a nj Tjqkaf.a miq .sh l%shdldß;ajhka úu¾IKh l< úg meyeÈ,sfõ' Bg by; ±lajQ foaj O¾udpd¾h jrekaf.a my; olajk ixl,am lSmh o fndfydaúg miqìï jkakg we;'

• zúuqla;sh urKhska miq we;sjk ;;ajhla fkdj fuf,dj §u th w;a ±lSug wdrïN l< yelsfõZ

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

• z.e,ùu —wd;aól˜ w;a ±lSula fkdfõ uq¿ iïmQ¾K Ôú;hg úuqla;sh ,nd.; yelsfõZ

• zoßø;djh mj;skafka foúhkaf.a leue;a; ksid fkdfõ' th wd¾Òl foaYmd,k l%ufha m%;sM,hlsZ

• zwo mj;sk oßø;djhg ngysr wdl%uKhka fya;=ù we;' tu wdl%uKhka i|yd iNdj yd wêrdcHjdÈyq b;sydih ;=< —wY=oaO ixOdkhla˜we;s lr .ksñka l%shdlr we;'Z

• zfoúhkaf.a ls%hdldß;ajh we;af;a iNdj ;=< muKla fkdfõ' uq¿ ueú,a, mqrdu mj;S'Z

• ziNdfõ j.lSu jkafka wishd;sl wd.ïj, úuqla;s yrhkag tu ck;dj wjÈlrùuhs'Z

• zfn!;Siaufhka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka yqfola iNd wdh;kfha idudðl;ajh ,eîu fkdj wd;aud¾:ldñ;ajh ^mdmh& w;yer mrd¾:ldñ;ajh fj; tkï wO¾ufhka O¾uh fj; we;sjk Ôú; udrejls'Z

il%fïka;= yd mQcl flakaøSh iNdjlg jvd oßøhskag hqla;sh idOdrK;ajh bgqlrk l%shd fmdf;a i|yka uq,a iNdj ;ukaf.a wdo¾Yh lrf.k ;ukaf.a ls;=kq le|ùu o th nj f;areï .;ay' ;ukaf.a úuqla;s odhl .uk jYfhka Tõyq f;dard .;af;a oßøhska w;r lemúuhs' ta ksid fuu lKavdhfï fhduqj ielis ;sfnkafka oßøhskag iudc idOdrK;ajh bgq lr §u uq,a lr f.kh' by; ioyka mQcl isiqka ;uka úiska fidhd y÷kd.;a O¾ufha wNdYh iu. ;u ls;=kq leoùu yd mQcljrh ms<sno hï ;Skaÿ j,g taug;a ;u p¾hdjkays fjkila we;s lr.kakg;a Tjqkag yelsúh' fudjqkaf.a Ôú; fjki fndfyda whg f;areï .ekSug fkdyels úh' iuyre Tjqkaf.a p¾hdjka 30

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

j, fjki iuÉp,hg ,lalrñka Tjqka —TmaIka ldrhska˜hhs kula mg nekaoy' 4' ls;=ir ls%hdldß;ajh ls;=ir ;ukaf.a kj ±lau wkqj wdka;sl ck fldgia jk ëjrhka" <ud iy ;reK fldgia iu. úfYaI jev igyka Èh;a l<y' tu ksid lKavdhfu idudðlhka Ôj;a jk m%foaYj, m%cdjkag widOdrKhla isÿjQ úg Tjqka fjkqfjka yv ke.+y' tjeks úfYaI wjia:d lSmhla kï" —l<mqj wmf.a wïud˜hk f;audj hgf;a l%shd lrñka fydag,a lrejkaf.ka yd biaika fldgq ysñ jHmdßlhka f.ka l,mqj úkdY ùu j,lajd .kakg l%shd l<y' uE;l§ óf.duqfõ c,c hdkd jHmD;shg tfrysj f.k .sh igfka oS Tõyq ÿka odhl;ajh w;s úYd,h' oñ, ck;djf.a idOrdK wfmalaIdjka fjkqfjka W;=r iu. b;d ióm iïnkaO;djhla ls;=ir mj;ajdf.k wdy' fou< yd isxy, m%cdjka w;r ióm iïnkaO;djhla mj;ajd .ksñka Tjqka w;r ixjdohla f.dv k.ñka tlsfkld w;r mj;skakdjQ wúYajdihka ÿr,ñka wkHfhdakH wjfndaOh f.dv k.kakg l%shd l<y' fld<U§ cd;Sjd§kaf.a m%ydrhka ueo mej;ajQ fou< isxy, ixialD;sl iuq¿j tjeks tla wjia:djls' ;jo ls;=ir ksfhdað;hska úáka úg Tjqka f.a m%foaY j,g f.dia tys mSä; fldgia iu. ÿl iem fnod .ekSfï wjia:d ks¾udKh lr .;ay' b;du;a wmyiq ld, j,§ mjd ;ukag yels muKska tu mSä;hskag Wmldr f.k f.dia ÿkay' tfukau ol=fKa úúO lDIsld¾ñl m%foaY j,g f.dia tys ck Ôú;h f;reï .;ay' ëjr m%cdj f.a m%Yak j,g ueÈy;a ùu ksid ëjr m%cdjf.a meje;aug n,j;=ka u; fkd hefmk ëjrhskaf.a kdhl;ajh u; iajdëk jD;a;Sh iñ;shla f.dv ke.Sfï l%shdoduhla wdrïN lsÍug ls;=ir odhl ù we;' 31

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

újD; wd¾Ólh iu. rch úiska iqnidOk fiajdjka iemhSu wju l< wjÈhl wdfrda.HYd,d u.ska fndfydaúg iemhqfha fnfy;a jÜfgdarej muKls' tmuKla fkdj tjeks miqìul fnfy;a cdjdrï lrejka ÿmam;=ka iQrd lEu m%N,j lrf.k hdug wjia:dj lr .;ay' Bg tfrysj wksl=;a ixúOdk fukau ls;=iro m%isoaO ia:dk j, /iaù ck;dj wu;ñka Bg tfrysj ck;dj ±kqj;a lsÍfï jev igyka l<y' ;jo 90 oYlfha§ ,ud wmpdr j,g tfrysj .ï uÜgfï úúsO ±kqj;a lsÍfï ls%hdjka j, fhÿk w;r wjYH wjia:djkays§ Woaf>dIK o meje;ajQy fmr i|yka l%shd oduhla ;=, ls;=ir lKavdhug iuia: YS% ,dxlsl iudch ms<noj muKla fkdj Y%S ,dxlsl fmd<fõ isÿjk ish¿ foa Okjd§ f.da,Sh n,fõ.hka yryd isÿjk nj meyeÈ,s wjfndaOh ,nd ;snqKs' ,xldfõ ck.yKfhka 95] la muK mj;sk mdm;r jHhqyh ksid ;ju;a mSvd úÈ;s' Tjqkaf.a oßø;djh o tfiauh' iudc úIu;djhka È.ska È.gu W.% w;g yefrñka mj;S' ls;=ir ;ju;a Tjqka iu. isáñka thska ñ§fï igfkys isáñka wr., lrhs' 5' ls;=ir l%u fõohka uyckhd ±kqj;a lsÍfï jev igyka j,È ix.S;h jeks ixialD;sl yd kj ;dlaIKsl wx.hka fhdod .ekSfï yelshdj ls;=ir lKavdhug we;' Tjqkaf.a ix.S; jev igyka b;du;a m%n,h' ck;dj w;rg hEfï§ tjeks udOHhka fhdod .ekSu wo ojfia§ b;d jeo.;a wOHdmk l%ufõohla jkq we;' kuq;a mdie,l mx;s ldurhl fhdod.kakd foaYk yd—wka whg W.kajk˜ ffY,h fhdod .ekSu wju lsÍu ls;=irg m%fhdack j;a úh yel' ta fjkqjg ix.S;h yd tjeks ixialD;sl wx.hka yd ixfÄ; Ndú;h fhdod .ksñka iyNd.s jkakka .fõYKh ioyd fhduqflfrk wOHdmk l%u fõoh fhdod .; yel' 32

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir mqj;am; yryd ;ukaf.a kj Ñka;kh yd Ôú; w;a±lSï j,ska ,enQ ls;=kq mKsjqvh ls;=kq iudcfha wka wh iu. fnod .ekSug Tõyq ±ä mßY%uhla .;ay' tu.ska iNdj ;=, isÿjkakdjQ ls;=kq úfrdaë m%jk;djhka Wod¦ wd.u foaYmd,{hskaf.a fuj,ula njg m;a ùu .ek ±ä úfõpkhg ,la lr we;' 6' fpdaokd $ úfõpk by; lS lreK ksidu ls;=irg tfrysj fkdfhl=;a úfrdaOhka È.gu t,a,fjñka mj;S' mdma jykafia ,xldjg meñKs wjia:djo ls;=ir ±ä m%ydrhlg ,la úh' Wkajykafiaf.a meñKSug ls;=ir úreoaO jQjd hkak uqidjlss' t;=ukaf.a meñKSug fldfy;au úfrdaO;djhla Tjqka ;=, fkd;snqKs' kuq;a Wkajykafiaf.a meñKsu isÿjQ wdldrh .ek muKla Tjqkaf.a úfõpkhla ;snqKs' ls;=ir w;S; .uka u. foi n,k úg lKavdhula jYfhka ;u idudðl ;reK ;reKshkaf.a újdyh" Wiia wOHdmkh" úfoaY uqo,a Ndú;h" úfoaY .uka" iudc fjki ioyd fjk;a lKavdhï ,nd fokakdjQ odhl;ajh wdÈh ms<snoj ls;=ir ±ä u;j, t,an f.k isáfhdah' ;reK yd —úma,jldÍ˜ msßil tjeks iajNdjhla ;sîu iajNdúlh' kuq;a" ls;=ir ;uka ,nkakdjQ w;a±lSï iu. ;u fm!¾Ih Èfkka Èk fïre nj ,nñka" fjkia úsh hq;= ;ekays§ fjkia ùfï yelshdj yd .=Kh j¾Okh lr f.k we;' 90 oYlfha uq,a wjÈh jkúg;a ,xldfõ oñ, ck;djf.a m%Yakh ms<snoj t;rï újD; njla ls;=irg fkd;snqk o miqj Tjqkaf.a m%Yakh h:d¾:jdÈj f;areï .;a miq fou, ck;dj fjkqfjka t;rï ueÈy;ajQ fjk;a ol=fKa lKavdhula fkd;snQ ;rïh' b;du;a wmyiqlï ueoafoa W;=rg f.dia tys ;ukaf.a oñ< ifydaor msh;=uka,d uqK.eiS iqjÿla fidh ne,Sug cQâ ,d,a msh;=ud mshjr .;af;ah' 33

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

tod ls;=ir wksl=;a ixúOdk iu. yjq,aù ls%shdlsÍug t;rï fm<Uqula fkd;snqk o" wo yels iEu wjia:djlÈu iduQyslj ls%hdlsÍug ±ä W;aidyhla orhs' ;uka jvd ksjerÈùfï fuu ,laIKh úuqla;s .ukl fhfok lKavdhul ;sìh hq;= úfYaI ,laIKhla jk w;r fofjks j;sldKq uka;%K iNdfõ b.ekaùï j,g wkql+, ùfï m%jk;djhls' úúO fya;+ka ksid iuyrekag ls;=ir ;=, /§ isáñka wr., lsÍfï wjia:dj w;yereKs' ;ukaf.a u;hkays we;sjQ fjkialï ksid fyda oßøhskag hqla;sh bgqlsÍfï flakaøSh woyfiys we;s wNsfhda.d;aul nj ksid fyda Tjqkag miq nyskakg isÿ jQy' ;j;a iuyre ;ukaf.a u;hkays we;sjQ úldYKhka iu. fjk;a m%jdyhka iu. tla jQy' ;j;a wh fm!rIhkays ;sfnkakdjQ wdfõksl ;;ajhka ksid we;sjQ .egqï fya;= fldg f.k ÿria jkakg we;' wka iuyre fjkia lï ;sìh§ mjd uQ,sl wruqK iu. iduQyslj .ukalsÍfï yelshdjo f.dvk.d f.k we;' th ieneúkau ls;=ir ,nd we;s úfYaI ch.%yKhls' fï ish¿ ;;a;ajhka ixúOdkhla ;=< we;sùu b;du;a iajNdúlh' 7' Y%S ,dxlsl úuqla;s foaj O¾ufha kj mrmqr fofjks j;sldkq iïuka;%Kfha wNdYh ,enQ ls;=ir ;u ck;djg fiajdjka iemhSfï§ m%uqL;djh jYfhka i,lkafka ck;djg idOdrKh bgqlsÍuh' yvla ke;s jQjkag y`vla ùuh' th Èjeis ld¾hls' tu ls%hdodufha§ rdcHh úiska oßøhka fj; t,a, lrk m%ydrhkag tfrys ùug mjd isÿfõ' thska woyia lrkafka foaj rdcHh uyfmd<j u; msysgqùuhs' ks, iNd kdhl;ajh fndfyda úg W;aidy lrkafka mSvlhska iu. iudodkfhka lghq;= lrñka iNdfõ fN!;sl Ôú;hg ,dN m%fhdack ,nd .ekSfï wruqK we;sj rdcH kdhlhka weiqre lsÍuhs' fuu .uk ;=, fÊiq ;=ukaf.a mKsjqvh mdjd §ula jkq we;' 34

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir lKavdu msysgqjd .;a ixialD;sh ;=, .sys whf.a kdhl;ajh b;d by, uÜgul olskakg we;' Tjqkaf.a l%shdldrs;ajhka ysÈ kdhl;ajh fndfyda úg .kq ,nkafka mQcljre fkdj .syshka úisks' iïm%odhs iNdj ;=, .syshd mQcl kdhl;ajhg hg;ah' tod óiï fiajl wo óiï md,l ù ;sfí' ks, iNd fiajh mQcl jrh flkaøShj isÿfõ' .syshdg mejfrk ld¾h jkafka mQcl jrekaf.a fiajhg iydh ùu muKs' .syshkagu jQ wkkH;djhla ms<s fkd.ks;s' mQcljre fndfydaúg .syshkaj fhduq lrkafka f.dvke.s,s bÈlsÍug" foajia:dkfha ux.,Hka meje;aùug" mqo mQcdjka iQodkï lsÍug yd il%fïka;= ,nd .ekSug jeks j;ams<sfj;a j,g iyNd.s lrùughs' wdishdkq ro.=re uvq,af,a iïuka;%K j,§ tajdfha ixúOdhlska fmr ioyka l< foajO¾udpd¾hjreka iïnkaO lr f.k Tjqkaf.a fmdaIKh ,nd .ekSfï iïm%odhla mej;=Ks' fofjks j;sldKq uka;%K iNdj fmkajQ ta fjkialï we;s lsÍfïÈ uq¿ wdishdjgu Tjqkaf.a iïm;a odhl;ajfha jeo.;a lu tu ixúOdhl jreka f;areï f.k isá neúKs' YS% ,xldfõ ks, iNdj by; kï ioyka l< tl Y%S ,dxlsl foajO¾upd¾h jrhl=f.a WmfoaYhla fyda u;hla lsis úgl ms<s fkd.ks;s' tfukau fofjks j;sldkq uka;%K iNdfõ wdOH;aufhka o ks, iNdj ÿriaj mj;S' jfrl fldgfyak wdik foõ ueÿf¾§ wm ro.=re ;=fula mejiqfõ l%sia;= ;=ud iudc m%YaK .ek Wkkaÿjla ±lajQ flfkla fkdjk njh' mQcl jrekag iudc m%Yak .ek ksr; ùu wlem nj ms,smafkaß foõ ueÿfr§ ;j;a ro.=re ;=fula foaYkd lr ;snqKs' tjeks miqìul YS% ,xldfõ ks, kdhl;ajhg" fofjks j;sldkq uka;%K iNdfõ tu wdOH;auh b;sßù we;s oehs m%Yakhlaj mj;S' fï fya;=j ksid ls;=ir yd ks, iNdj w;r wdl,amuh jYfhka ÿria;r njla mj;S' ta ksid fof.d,a,ka w;r ióm iïnkaO;djhla fkd;snqKs' hï hï wjia:dj,§ tys iuyr 35

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

mqoa.,hska b,lal lr Tjqkag ovqjï ÿks' bka m%Odk flfkla jQfha cQâ ,d,a msh;=udh' mdma jykafiaf.a ,xld .ukg Tyq úreoaO jQfha hhs o" Tyq óifï iñ;s iud.ï lvd lmam,a lf<a hhs o" j;a ms<sfj;a meje;aùfï È tajd kS;shg wkqj isÿ fkdlf,a hhso" Tyqg úreoaOj ks, iNdfjka fpdaokd t,a, úh' ls;=ir yd by; ioyka foaj O¾u Ydia;%{hska w;r iudklï rdYshlsS' fof.d,a,kaf.au wdrïNh we;sjkafka ;reK ler,s iu.h' foaj O¾udpd¾h jreka úl,am u.lg m%úYaGjQfha 1971 § isÿjQ ;reK le/,af,ka wk;=rej jk w;r" ls;=ir úl,am u.la .kafka 1989-90 isÿjq le/,af,ka miqjh' fof.d,a,kagu isÿjq ;reK ler,s ;SrKd;aul n,mEula we;s lrñka Tjqkaf.a p¾hdjka fjk;a u.lg yerùug iu;a ù ;sfí' wksla w;g tjeks iudc isoaëka iNd kdhl;ajfha .uka u. lsis w;lska fjkia lsÍug iu;aù fkdue;' fmr i|yka l< ish¿ foaj O¾udpd¾hjreka bx.Sis NdIdfjka bf.kqu ,en bx.%Sis NdIdfjka fmd; m; ,shk yd foaYk mj;ajk whfõ' kuq;a ls;=ir lKavdhfï mQcl msßia wïmsáfhaÈ bx.%sisfhka wOHdmk ,enQjo tys wka ish¿ msßia isxy, NdIdj mßyrKh lrk wh fõ' Tõyq l;d lrk yd ,shk NdIdj isxy, fõ" Tjqka tÈfkod weiqre lrkafka nyq;rh jk isxy, fyda oñ, oßøhskaf.a wfmalaIdjka iu.h' foajO¾udpd¾hjre jeä wjOdkhla § ;sfnkafka wOHhk lghq;= j,h' l%shdldß;ajhla fkdue;sj úuqla;sh ,.d lr .ekSug fkdyel hk Od¾ñl is;=ú,af,a isáñka ls;=ir ck;dj fm< .iajñka ksYaÑ; yd ksrka;r l%shdldrs;ajhl fh§ isá;s' tu ksid u;jd§ jYfhka foaj O¾udpd¾hjrekaf.a .=re l=,fha isáñka wog;a Tjqkaf.a wNdYh ,nñka isáho l%shdldß;ajfha§ ls;=ir ck;d wr.,hg noaOù l%shdlrk kj mrmqr jkafkah' 36

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ks, iNdj iu. ixikaokh lsÍfï§ ls;=ir iNd jHqyhg wvq wjOdkhla foñka foaj rdcHhg m%uqL;ajhla §ug Tõyq f;dard .ekSula lr we;' tneúka ls;=ir kj mrmqrls' YS% ,xld iNdfõ bÈßh .ek ie,lSfïÈ ls;=ir u; w;s úYd, j.lSula mejfrk nj lsj hq;=fõ' ks, iNdj wo ls;=kqjka fufyhjkq ,nkafka fofjks j;sldkq uka;%K iNdjg fmr ;snq w;S;h fj;h' —TmQia fâh˜ (Opus Dei) iy fofjks j;sldkq uka;%K iNd úfrdaë f,af*fn% ro.=re ;=ud úiska wdrïN l< Y=' oifjks mshqia ksldh jeks uqo,a w;ska b;d fmdfydi;a" ixl,amuh jYfhka w;s iïm%ødhS yd foaYmd,k jYfhka w;s olaIsKdxYsl fhduqjla we;s wdh;k iu. iïnkaOlï mj;ajdf.k hdu YS% ,xld iNdjg t;ruS ys;lr fkdfõ' bÈßfha§ cd;sl foõi;ay, f,f*fn% foõi;ay,la lsÍug hk njg f;dr;=re wka;¾ cd,fha ;sfí' tu ;;a;ajhka ms<snoj ls;=kq ck;dj ±kqj;a lsÍfï j.lSu ls;=ir fj; o mejf¾'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

04 w;S;djf,dalkh wð;a yeâ,s fmf¾rd

ls;=ir mqj;am;g jir 20 la jqjo" ls;=if¾ wmg Bg jvd wE;g úysÿk w;S;hla we;' ls;=if¾ wkd.; .uka u. fy<s fmfy<s lr.ekSu i`oyd" ta w;S;fha isg fuf;la wd .uk wjf,dalkh lsÍu jeo.;a hehs is;ñ' wdrïNl wjêh 80 oYlh Y%s ,dxlSh foaYmd,k b;sydih ;=, ;SrKd;aul wjêhla iksgqyka lrhs' tla w;lska l=m%lg 83 l¿ cQ,sh;a iu`. cd;sjd§- cd;sljd§ ye`.Sï W;aikak fjñka mej;=Ks' wfkla w;g 77 ue;sjrKfhka 5$6 l n,hla ,nd.;a hQ' weka 'mS' wdKavqj wNskjfhka ia:dms; l< úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh úreoaO mlaI" úreoaO woyia yd jev j¾ck u¾okh lrñka" taldêm;s úhrejla lrd rg ;,a¨ lrñka ;sìKs' isß,a ue;sõ jeks wdKavqfõu m%n,hka ie,lsh hq;= odhl;ajhla ,nd ÿka nj m%lg 83 l¿ cQ,sh uq,a lrf.k" chj¾Ok ckdêm;sjrhd 38

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

;ukg m%n, wNsfhda.hla jQ frdayK úfÊùrf.a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;ykï lr ;sìKs' fï ;;ajh ;=, ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg fojk le/,a,la iòyd wjYH ish¨ miqìï ks¾udKh fjñka mej;sKs' 87- 89 olajd ld,h ;=, c'ú'fm fojk le/,a, lr<shg meñKs w;r" wdKavqj ish ish¨ Yla;sh fhdod 60000 la urd oud le/,a, ks¾oh f,i u¾okh lf<ah' rgu tlu lÿ¿ id.rhla l< fï 80 oYlh ls;=ir wOHd;auhg ;SrKd;aul úh' ls;=ir mqj;am; wdrïN jQfha 1992 § jqjo" th ish wd;au m%ldYh lr.;a lKavdhu wdrïN ùfï miqìu ieliqfka Wla; iudc foaYmd,ksl jd;djrKh ;=,h' wïmsáfha cd;sl foõi;ay, uykqjr wïmsáfha iqkaor l`ÿ.eghla u; f;afcdaudkj nenf<k cd;sl foõi;ay," tjlg Y%S ,xldfõ ishü ro.=re moú iòyd lf;da,sl mQcljreka ìys lsÍug wjika mqyqKqj fok mqyqKq wdh;kh úh' tu jljdkqfõ wms tys mqyqKqj ,nñka isáfhuq' l¨;r oyï fijfKa isá wjêfha§ 83 l¿ cQ,sfha w¿ ¥,s yd kgnqka keröfï wjdikdj ,o wms tu jif¾ iema;eïnrfha cd;sl foõi;ay,g we;=¿ jk úg" hdmkh yd ;%Sl=Kdu,-uvl,mqj moú j, fou< fidhqrka foõi;ayf,ka bj;a ù ;sìKs' foõi;ay,g msg;ska jQ iudch fj<df.k ;snQ cd;sjd§ wd;;sh úiska iudchg idufha mKsúvh foaYkd lrkakg mqyqKqj ,nk whjo fj<df.k ;sìKs' 83 ixydrh úiska cd;sl foayh ;=, fudaÿ jkakg i,iajd ;snQ fou< úfrdaOhg m%;sm%ydr t,a, l< fou< ikakoaO jHdmdrh" kdhdre" fldals,dhs m%foaYj, /lshdj l< ol=fKa ëjrhska m<jd yßkakg lghq;= lroa§" ó.uqfõ ¥j .ïudkh uyd wkd: lòjqrla njg m;a úh' k;a;,a ksjdvqfõ§ óiïj, msh;=uka,dg j;ams<sfj;a iòyd Woõ fjkjd fjkqjg wkd: lòjqf¾ jev lghq;= lrkakg wm lsysm fofkl=g isÿ úh' 39

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

k;a;, wkd:hka iu`. .; lrkakg isÿ jQ tu wjia:dj k;a;, ms<snò fuf;la w;a kqÿgq w¨;a fufkys lsÍulg wm we;=<;a l< wjia:djla úh' úYaj úoHd, wOHdmkh yudr lr mQclhl= ùug mqyqKq ùu iòyd wm w;rg meñK isá ,hk,a m%kdkaÿ fidhqrdo" ^j¾;udkfha l=reKE., moúfha ,hk,a msh;=ud & ó.uqfõ È<s`ÿ m%cdjka w;r jevlghq;= lrñka isá ir;a boaou,af.dv msh;=udo tu fufkys lsÍug m%n, w;aje,la jQ nj fuys iòyka l< hq;=h' ,hk,a m%kdkaÿ fidhqrd úYaj úoHd, wOHdmkh ,o wjêfha lf;da,sl YsIH jHdmdrfha m%n, idudðlhl=j isáfhah' Tyqg tu jHdmdrfha isáh§ l< wOHhkhka wkqj l%sia;shdksfha fjkia m%jK;djhka ms<snò fydò wjfndaOhla ;snqKs' l%sia;shdksfha úuqla;s foajOd¾ñl m%jK;dj flfrys wm fk;a fhduq lrùug Tyq m%n, odhl;ajhla iemhSh' fuys m%;sM,h jQfha ls;=ir wOHd;auh fmdfydKs lsÍug Èjd ? fkdn,d wñ, fufyjrla l< cQâ ,d,a m%kdkaÿ fidhqrd foõi;ayf,a f.dkaid,afõia isxy, wdh;kfha iNdm;sj isá wjia:dfõ ixúOdkh lrk ,o foajOd¾ñl iïuka;%Khhs' ——ck yo y`ÿkk foõoyula˜ kñka ixúOdkh jQ fuu iïuka;%Kh iòyd NSu iufha§ Èú ms¥ tjlg nq;a;, w¨l,úg iqnfi;a f.or jiñka zls;=kq fndÿkq ixjdoZ yjq, f.dv ke.+ wdpd¾h uhsl,a reø.= msh;=udo" le,Ksfha ;=,k m¾fhaIK wdh;kfha wdpd¾h wef,daishia mSÍia msh;=udo" tx.,ka; iNdfõ fhdydka foajdkkao msh;=udo" l=,shdmsáfha Y%S zm%kkao ls;=ok mqnqÿfõZ fkdfh,a ,,s;a m%kdkaÿ jeks ck;d .ukl kshe,s jQfjda iyNd.s jQy' fuu iïuka;%Kh wm lSm fofkl=gu jeo.;a ixêia:dkhla úh' úúO wOHhkhka werUqKs' úúO ixjdo uKavm ieliqKs' .;dkq.;sl idïm%odhsl j;a ms<sfj;a muKla m%uqL fldg hk foaj Od¾ñl wOHhkh kj uxfm;a Tiafia úúO l%shdldÍ;ajhka yUd hkakg úh' uyhshdfõ uqvqlal= w;ro" uykqjr k.rfha fydgq kdjr fmrd.;a ùÈ 40

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

orejka w;ro foõi;ayf,a fidhqfrda ießirkakg jQy' Tjqkg whkak wdhkak" uQ,sl .Ks; l%u" Ôj;a jkakg iqÿiq hym;a .;s.=K fukau ;=jd, f,v ÿlg fí;a fya;ao jeáKs' foõi;ay, wjg m%foaYfha ;reKhkaf.a tluq;=jlao wdrïN úh' fulS foõi;ayf,a fidhqfrda k;a;,a iufha§ rg mqrd ùÈj, ießirñka ùÈ kdgHh u`.ska fj<ò wdêm;Hhg yiqjqKq k;a;, .ek ck;dj ±kqj;a l<y' Tjqyq W;=re kef. kysr fmfoiaj,g .uka l<y' tys mSvdjg m;a jQjka yuq jQy' Tjqkaf.a .eg¨j Tjqkaf.au weyska ±l .;ay' Tjqkaf.a ÿla lïlfgd¨" mSvkh yd fõokdj ±l.;ay' tmuKla fkdj ol=fKao idOdrK;ajh m;k ;dreKHfha yo .eiaugo Tjqyq ixfõ§ jQy' ta w;ru .;dkq.;sl foajOd¾ñl yd iNduh wej;=ï mej;=ï yd b.ekaùï Tjqyq m%Yak l<y' rfÜ mSvdj" fõokdj yd wkd: lòjqre Èfkka Èk .yk fjoa§ ta .ek ye`.=ulaj;a ke;sj flfrkakd jQ W;aij yd m%sh iïNdIK Tjqyq m%Yak l<y' ÿla ú`Èk ck;djf.a yoj; yd ;=re¨ fkdjQ" Tjqkg ish wdêm;Hhsl yia;h úoyd mdk idïm%odhsl mQcl;ajh Tjqyq m%Yak l<y' fï ;;ajh foõi;ayf,a we;eï fidhqrkag muKla fkdj md,l mlaIfha we;euqkago fkdÈrjk iq¿ úh" Tjqyq fuu lKavdhu —TmaIkaldrfhda˜ f,i kdulrKh l<y" TmaIkaldrfhda Option for the poor fyj;a È<s`ÿkaf.a me;a; .ekSu lf;da,sl iNd b.ekaùuls' tkï ish¨ ls;=kqjkaf.a j.lSuls' wreuh kï ish,a,ka úiska l< hq;= foh tl lKavdhula msg ;nd yxjvq .eiSuhs' fuys jvd;au ydkslr me;a; kï ta jk úg rg ;=, j¾Okh fjñka mej;s c'ú'fm ler,sldÍ;ajh iu`. fuu lKavdhu wkkHh lsÍuh' th m%isoaêfha lrkakg ;rï lreKq fkdjQ neúka tfia fkdlrkakg m%fõYï jqjo" foõi;ay, ms<snò wjidk n,h we;s ro.=re u`vq,a,g fï lKavdhu ms<snò meñKs,s lr ;sìKs' fuys m%;sM,h jQfha u¾okh l%shd;aul ùuh' fgrkaia fndaÈhdnÿ fidhqrdf.a ^j¾;udkfha msh;=udf.a & f;ajdpd¾h OQrh jirlska mud flreKq w;r" fgrkaia m%Suka ^ j¾;udkfha o ,d id,a ksldhsl .re f,dh,d fidhqre & yd úð;a frdydka ^ j¾;udkfha 41

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

le,Ksh úYaj úoHd,hSh lÓldpd¾h& hk fidhqrka mQcl jrh fmks fmkS foõi;ay,ska fkrmd yßk ,§' ;jo iudcfha wdka;sl fldgia jQ uqvqlal= jeishka" ùÈ orejka iòyd lrk ,o ¥; fufyjr" wNHdihka yd ùÈ kdgHhuh w;ayod ne,Sï hkdÈh foõi;ayf,a isiqkag ;ykï lrk ,§' tmuKla fkdj foajOd¾ñl .fõIKhg we;s ish¨ bvlv wyqrkakg md,l mlaIh lghq;= lr ;snqKs' fuu lKavdhug tl;= ù ish ¥; fufyjr" foõoyu yd Ôú;h .ek l:dlrkakg mjd jd;djrKhla foõi;ayf,a fkdùh' tfy;a yuqjkakg yd l:dlrkakg we;s wjYH;djh ±äj ;sìKs' tu wjia:dfõ wm msysgg meñKfha uykqjr if;Hdaofha .re fmda,a leiam¾ia fÊ' ks' msh;=udh' §¾> ld,hla mqrd ixjdoh iòyd if;Hdaoh wmg yjqyrK iemhQ nj fuys,d lD;{ mQ¾jlj iòyka lrkq leue;af;uq'

mq¿,a ùu cd;sl foõi;ay,g iSudjQ fuu Ñka;k Odrdj mq¿,aùu flfrys n,mE ;j;a m%n, idOlhla úh' tkï cd;sl foõi;ayf,a f.dkaid,afõia isxy, wdh;kh u`.ska ixúOdkh lrk ,o foajOd¾ñl iuq¿jlg iyNd.s jQ l¨;r uyskao kdu,a fidhqrd fuu lKavdhu yd iïnkaO ùuh' l¨;r m%foaYfha l%shdldÍ ;reKhl= fukau .fõIKYs,s Ñka;khlska hq;a uyskao fuu lKavdhu yd iïnkaO lsÍfï f.!rjh ysñ jkafka úð;a frdydka yd fgrkaia m%Suka fidhqrkagh' tod fuod ;=r fuu lKavdhfï fN!;sluh yd Ñka;kuh m%idrKhg uyskao kdu,af.ka isÿjk odhl;ajh wñ,h' wmuKh' wk¾>h' fuu Ñka;kh yd noaO jQ uyskao kdu,a iu`. l¨;r m%foaYfha ie,lsh hq;= ;reK ;reKshka ixLHdjla ;u ls;=kqu.g we;s hq.fha w¾:h fidhñka" iudcfha wdka;sl fldgia fidhd hñka ls;=oyu ms<sn`oj .fõIKYS,S jkakg jQ w;r" Tjqyqo fuu lKavdhug tl;= jQy' ;jo mQcljrh ,nd .ekSfï wjia:dj ysñjQ wm lKavdhfï fidhqrka úiska ish óiïj, ;reK iñ;s" YCS" oyï mdi,a jeks iNduh jHqyhka ;=, l%shdldÍ jQ ;reK ;reKshka yd fuu ixjdoh wrUd ;sìKs' nhsn,a mka;s" <ud iudc" ls;=Kq tall fufkys lsÍï" mqia;ld, 42

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

iñ;s" uõjrekaf.a" mshjrekaf.a yd ;reK ;reKshka iòyd ixúOdkh l< tl;+ka" fmdah yuqùï" k;a;,a mdial= yd ux.,Hh fufkys lsÍï" .S; jevigyka" kdgHh yd úúO ixialD;sl jevigyka" i`.rd m< lsÍï jeks oE yryd ie,lsh hq;= msßila wm iu`. jQ nj lsj hq;=h' wdh;ksl iNdfõ / jqï" trjqï" f.rjqï fukau ;¾ck .¾ck ish,a, yuqfõ wm iu`. isá" wfma .uk idOdrKSlrKh l< yd wm flfrys idkqlïms; jQ ie,lsh hq;= msßila isáhy' flfia jqjo wm ta jk úgo lf;da,sl iNd lafIa;%fhka fumsgg meñK ;snqfKa ke;' ld,fha i<l=Kq lshùu fojk j;sldkq l;sldfõ §¾>;u m%ldYh jk" j¾;udk f,dalfha Y=' iNdj ^Gaudium etspes& m%ldYkfha iòyka mßÈ ls;=kqjka jk wm ld,fha i<l=Kq ^Signs of the times & lshúh hq;= njo" ta wkqj wmf.a ls;=Kq l%shdldÍ;ajh ilid .; hq;= njo" wms ±k isáfhuq' tu kHdhsl wjfndaOhg WÑ; m%dfhda.sl l%shdldÍ;ajhka iòyd wms .fõYIKYS,s jQfhuq' rg .sksf.k ;sìKs' c'ú'fm fojk le/,a, W;aikak ù ;sìKs' Bg iud.dój rdcH u¾okho Bg jvd ish oyia .=Khlska j¾Okh ù ;sìKs' rch øúv wr.,h uev meje;aùug 1979 § f.k wd ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mK;(PTA)fukau" rdcH u¾ok hka;%h u`.ska isÿjk udkj ysñlï lv ùï yd wmrdO ms<snò j.lSïj,ska Tjqka /l.kq msKsi —j.lSfuka wdrlaId lsÍfï mK;˜ jeks udkj úfrdaë wK mK;a Tiafia" c'ú'fmg iïnkaO" Tjqka .ek idkqlïms; Woúh muKla fkdj úl,am woyia orkakka yd úreoaO mdlaIslhkao u¾okh lrñka" ffk;sl yd ffk;sl fkdjk uer lKavdhï u`.ska fï rg wuq fidfydkla lrñka ;sìKs' úreoaO woyia ork ish,a,ka ;%ia;jd§ka f,i rch úiska yxjvq .ikakg lghq;= l< w;r" hQ' tka' mS mdlaIslhka we;=¿ ;ukag tfrys jkakka ^ idïm%odhsl yd kj juo we;=¿ & foaY fødaySka f,i kdulrKh lrkakg c'ú'fmo lghq;= lr ;sìKs' fï jd;djrKh ;=, wmf.a ¥; fufyjr ms<snòj wms .fõYIKYS,S jQfhuq' 43

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

c'ú'fm le/,af,a m%n,;ajh jvd;au /`§ ;snqfKa úYaj úoHd, moaO;sh ;=,h' tys iamkaokh wmg ±kqfka úYaj úoHd, isiqkaf.ka iukaú; lf;da,sl YsIH jHdmdrh yrydh' Tjqyqo ta jk úg ls;= oyfï úuqla;s yrh .fõIKh lrñka isáfhda jQy' wmf.a jqjukdjo Tjqkaf.a jqjukdjo ukdj mEysKs' cd;sl foõi;ayf,a§ .sys ¥; jHdmdr yuqùug wmg wjia:dj ,ndÿka w;r" Tjqka wm neye ÿgq uq,a Èkfha isgu úáka úg Tjqka yuq ù ixjdoYS,S jkakg wms lghq;= lf<uq' lf;da,sl úYaj úoHd, YsIH jHdmdrh yd wka;¾ úYaj úoHd,hSh YsIH n, uKav,h iïnkaëlrKh l< ksfhdað;hd jQfha j;auka úÿ,s yd n,Yla;s weu;s pñmsl rKjlh' ta ksidu Tyq;a iu`.o úáka úg rfÜ ;;ajh yd wfma hq. fufyjr ms<snòj ixjdoYS,S jkakg wmg wjia:dj ,eìKs' Tyq c'ú'fm ksfhdað;hl= nj wm wkqudk l< uq;a" wm lsis úgl ta ms<snòj Tyqf.ka fkdúuiQ w;r" Tyqo lsis úgl ta ms<snò wmg mejiqfõ ke;' c'ú'fm wr.,h Tyq idOdrKslrKh l< w;r" .=Kodi wurfialr" k,skao is,ajd furg frdamKh lr m%p,s; l< cd;sl Ñka;kh u;jdofha wdNdih yd wdiajdoho Tyq ;=< jQ nj wms ÿáuq' ta ish,a,gu újD; fjñka" ld,fha i<l=Kq y`ÿkdf.k" ¥; fufyjr ilid .kakg wms W;aidy lf<uq' c'ú'fm" rch yd wms wms c'ú'fm fkdjQfhuq' tfy;a tjlg c'ú'fm ;reK ;reKshka ;=< jQ Ôú; lemùu ls;=kq wmg iqúYd, wNsfhda. hla úh' Tjqyq mqoa.,sl jdikdj fidhd .sh wh fkdjQy' Tjqyq ish mjq,aj, idudðlhkaf.a Ôú; jdikdjka; lrkakg hi biqre fidhd fkd.shy' Tjqyq nvf.daia;rjd§ fkdjQy' Tjqka m%d¾:kd lf<a óg jvd idOdrK f,djls' Tjqyq ta fjkqfjka ;u Ôú; mrÿjg ;enQy' ;u i.hka wuq wuqfõ >d;kh fjoa§" oijOnkaOkhkag ,la fjoa§" w;=reoka fjoa§" ¥IKh lr urd ouoa§" ;u Ôú;h .ek fkd;ld" Tjqyq ;u wruqK fjkqfjka lem jQjdyqh' 44

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wm Tjqka flfrys wdl¾IKh lf<a idOdrK;ajh rchk iudchla fjkqfjka Tjqka ;=< jQ fï lemùuh' Tjqka m;k tu idOdrK iudch foaj jákdlï msreKq foaj rdcHh hehs wm úYajdi lrk iudch yd ukdj .e<msKs' fï ksidu nrm;, foaYmd,ksl jerÈ Tjqka w;ska isÿ fjoa§ mjd" wm Tjqka flfrys idkqlïms; jQfhuq' idOdrK;ajh m;k Tjqka ;%ia;jd§ka f,i y`ÿkajkq ,eîug wms úreoaO ùuq' wm ÿgqfõ ienúkau ;%ia;jd§ jkafka Tjqkag we;s ish¨ m%cd;ka;%jd§ bvlv wyqrñka" Tjqkaj ikakoaO wr.,h fj; ;,a¨ l< hQ' weka' mS wdKavqj njhs' hQ' weka' mS wdKavqfõ ue;s weu;sjreka fmdÿ foam, fld,a,lñka" nvf.daia;rjd§ f,ilghq;= lrk whqre wms ÿáuq' Tjqka ;uka iòyd;a" ;u mrïmrdjka iòyd;a Okh" foam, f.dv.ik wdldrh wms ÿáuq' Tjqka úúO l+G Wml%u fhdoñka cku;h fld,a,lk wdldrh wms ÿáuq' md;d, uerfhdao" u;aøjH jHdmdßlfhdao" iQÿ ldrfhdao" cd;sjdÈfhdao" ¥Ilfhdao wdKavqfõ wiqka wrd jecfUk w;r" lïlrejka" f.dúhka" ëjrhka we;=¿ idudkH ckhd jv jvd;a mSä; Ndjhka lrd weo jefgk yeá wms ÿáuq' wdKavqfõ nvf.daia;rjdoh yd iiòk l< ;dreKHfha wfmalaIdjka yd lemùï b;du;a W;a;Í;r nj wmf.a jegySu úh' tneúka wdKavqj ish md¾,sfïka;= n,h Wmfhda.S lrf.k" ÿ¾odka; kS;s mkjñka" ffk;sl jYfhkao" ish ks, yd fkdks, uer yuqod u`.ska kS;shg msákao Tjqka u¾okh lsÍu wms fy<d ÿgqfjuq' wm iu`. isá .re mshjre ish foaYk j,§o" wfkl=;a wh úúO l%shdldrlï j,§o" fï fy<d±lSu l< w;r" ta ksidu úúO ;¾ck" .¾ck fukau Ôú; wjodkï ;;ajhkago wmf.a we;euqkag uqyqK fokakg isÿ úh' c'ú'fm ms<snòj wmg .eg¨ iy.; ;eka fukau nrm;, úfõpko ;sìKs' tfy;a wmf.a tu úfõpkhka u¾olhd jQ md,l hQ'weka'mshg ish u¾okh idOdrKslrKh flfrk wdhqO njg m;a lr.kakg fkdÈh hq;=h hkak wmf.a 45

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ia:djrh úh' u¾ol wdKavqfõ jerÈ úkd fÊ'ù'mS fha jerÈ m%isoaêfha l:d fkdlrk ksidu" wmg fÊ'ù'mS yd ;%ia;jd§ yxjvqj .ikakg fndfyda whg yels úh' ta fndfyda wh w;r mQcl yd meúoafodao isáhy' foaj idOdrK;ajh hkq mSä;hd yd ÿn,hdf.a me;af;a isg .ekSu úkd uOHia: ùu fkdjk nj wmf.a ms<s .ekSuhs' ls;=ir yd lf;da,sl iNdj ls;=ir j¾;udkfha§ úúO ls;=kq iNdjkag whs;s whf. ka iukaú; ^Ecumenical& lKavdhuls' tfy;a fmr lS f,i fuys wdrïNh jQfha lf;da,sl iNd lafIa;%h ;=,h' uq,§ fuu lKavdhug kula ;snqfka ke;' ;snqfka fufkys lsÍula yd l%shdldÍ;ajhla muKh' wms ixúOdkhla ùug wlue;s jQfhuq' lKavdhug ks, kdhl;ajhla lsisúgl ;snqfKa ke;' ^;ju;a ke;& wms ks, kdhl;ajhla iys; OQrdj,shlska iukaú; jHqyhla ^Hierarchical structure& njg m;a ùfuka je<lSug yeuúgu mßiaiï jQfhuq' wdh;ksl iNdjka yd ixúOdk ;=< jQ fn§ï yd wiudk;djhka wm w;r fkd;sìh hq;= njg ye`.Sula wm ;=< úh' .sys meúÈ fNaohlska f;drj yefudagu iudkj ohdnrj i,lkakg wms W;aidy lf<uq'

wmf.a ±lau yd fufkyslsÍug iß,k bvlvla {dk d¾: m%§mfha ke;s nj wms ÿáuq' hq.hg iß,k" l%sia;shdksh ms<sn`oj ixjdoYS,S úh hq;= úl,am mqj;am;la ìys úh hq;= njg ixjdohla wm ;=< ù' jg .Kkdjl §¾> idlÉPdjlska wk;=rej 1992 § ls;=ir ìys úh' t;eka isg wms ls;=ir ldrfhda njg m;a ùuq' wm ls;=ir lKavdhu jQfha ta wkqjh' ls;=ir mqj;am; hq.fha Èjeisjr y`vla ^fm%dfma; kdohla & njg m;a l< hq;= njg wm ;=< jQ wdl,amh ksidu iNduh" iudcuh yd foaYmd,kuh lafIa;%hkays we;s wvq ¨yq`vqlï yd ¥IKhka fy<s lrkakgo tys bvlv újr lf<uq' fï ksidu we;eï whf.a oafõYhg yd ffjrhg wm md;% jQ nj ;;= okakd whg ryila fkdfõ' iNdj úfõpkh lrkjd hk fpdaokdj ls;=irg t,a, jQ m%n, fpdaokdjla úh' 46

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir lKavdhu ls;=ir mqj;am; u`.ska muKla fkdj úúO m;%sld yd l%shdldrlï u`.skao ckhd ±kqj;a lrkakg lghq;= l<y' tmuKla fkdj ls;=if¾ isá we;eï mshjreka meúÈjreka yd .syshkaf.a Ôú; mej;=ï yd m%;smodjkao ks, iNduh lafIa;%hka ;=, isá we;uqkag ßiaiqfõ ke;' ks, iNd lafIa;%h ;=< isá we;eï wh fj;ska udkisl fukau YdÍßl mSvdo ls;=if¾ we;euqkg m%n,j t,a, úh' fuys l+gm%dma;shla f,i ±lsh yels jkqfha fuu lKavdhfï m%.ukhg iqúYd, odhl;ajhla ÿka cQâ ,d,a m%kdkaÿ fidhqrdf.a ^ tl, msh;=udf.a & mQcl n,;, wNHdi lsÍu ;ykï lsÍuhs' Èjd ? fkdn,d ks¾udKYS,S fjñka" fiajh i`oydu lem fjñka lghq;= l< t;=ud ;ykï lsÍu u`.ska ls;=ir lKavdhfï ish¨ ls%hdldrlï wekysákq we;sh hk n,dfmdfrd;a;=j we;eï úg Tjqkag ;snqKd úh yel' wlSlreh hk fpdaokdj msg oud t;=ud ;ykï lsÍu;a iu`. ^wlSlre jQfha l=uk ;eka j,§o flfiao hkak ckhdg ixhqla;j fkd±laùug iNd kdhl;ajh tl, m%fõiï úh'& wm iu`. isg we;eï msh;=uka,d miqneiai kuq;a" lKavdhfï fmdÿ .ukg th ;j;a w;aje,la jQfha Y=oaOd;au ^ Y=oaO jQ m%dKhdKkaf.a & l%shdldÍ;ajhg ;yxÑ mkjd isrlr ;eîug lsisjlg fkdyels nj ;j ;j;a ikd: lrñks' t;=udf.a ;yku;a iu`. tf;la idïm%odhsl iNduh Ôú;hg t;=udj isrlr ;nd isá hoï yd ú,x.= .e,ù úis úh' t;=ud jvd ksoyiaj Èjhsk mqrd ießirñka wm lKavdhu;a iu`. ish ¥; fufyjr i`oyd hqyqiq¨ úh' fï ksidu lKavdhfï .uk ys;=jdg;a jvd mq¿,a jQjd muKla fkdj fõ.j;ao úh' foúhka jykafia whym; ;=<ska hym; Wod lrk fial'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

cd;sl .eg¨j yd wms mSä;hka fidhd hEu wmf.a ¥; ld¾hh f,i wms yeuúgu ÿgqfjuq' fï ksidu kdhdre" fldals,dhs" l,a,rd" moúh" jkd;ú,a¨j jeks udhsï .ïudkj,g t,a, jQ m%ydr ksidfjka wkd: jQ wh fidhd .sfhuq' Tjqkaf.a Wjukd tmdlï fidhd n,kakg hqyqiq¨ jQfhuq' wkd:dOdr /ia lf<uq' tajd Tjqka w;r fnod yeßfhuq' ;j;a wjia:dj,§ Tjqka wdrlaIs; m%foaY lrd f.k tkakg úúO ;¾ck uOHfha mjd lghq;= lrkakg wmg isÿ úh' fou< igka jHdmdrh ksid mSvdjg m;a jQ tu isxy, mSä;hka muKla fkdj" wdKavqfõ ikakoaO yuqodj, l%shdldÍ;ajhka ksid mSvdjg m;ajk fou< mSä;hkao fidhd .sfhuq' tys§ udhsï .ïudk yd ol=fKa ckhd fj; t,a, jk m%ydrhka yqol,d isÿùï fkdjk nj;a" ikakoaO yuqod yd wfkl=;a uer lKavdhï fj;ska W;=f¾ idudkH ckhd fj; t,a, jk m%ydrhkag m%;sm%ydrhkao ta w;r we;s nj;a wmg jegyqKs' ;jo 1983 isg È.ska È.gu W;=re kef.kysr ckhd fj; t,a, lrk ,o wm%udK m%ydrhka" isÿ lrk ,o >d;k" fld,a, lEï" ¥IKh lsÍï hkdÈh ol=Kg jd¾;d fkdjk nj;a" tajd ks, yd fkdks, m%jD;a;s n,OdÍkaf.a l;=rg yiqjk wdldrh;a wms ÿáuq' nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< whqßkau ffjrfhka ffjrh fkdikaisf`ok wdldrh wms fyd`odldrj ÿgqfjuq' fï ksidu fï .ek .eUqßka wOHkh lrkakg wms fm<UqfKuq' tys§ b;sydih mqrdu isxy, wdKavq isxy, Pkao fld,a, lkq msKsi fou< ck;dj ì<s § we;s wdldrh;a" wk;=rej lrk ,o jerÈ jid .kq msKsi úi`ÿï bÈßm;a l<o" tajd bgq fkdlr È.ska È.gu Tjqkaj rjgk ,o wdldrh;a wms ÿáuq' ;ukag tfrysj t,a, jk ish¨ wKmK;a yuqfõ Tjqka l< wysxidjd§ Woaf>daIKhkag uycd;sjd§ WoaOÉp núka hq;=j uer m%ydr t,a, lr" wysxidjdoh flfrys úYajdi 48

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

fkdlrk ;ekg Tjqka ;,a¨ l< wdldrh;a wms ÿáuq' isxy, wdKavq fukau fï rfÜ nyq;r ck;dj Tjqka iudk mqrjeishka f,i fkdi,lk wdldrh wms ÿáuq' fojk fm< mqrjeishka f,i i,lkq ,nk ck;djla ish wNsudkh fidhd hEu ta ;=< ;sfnk neõ wms ÿáuq' foúhka jykafia iEu ñksil=gu § we;s iudk wNsudkfhka yd .re;ajfhka ,dxlSh foaYmd,k jmißh ;=, Tjqkag fkdi,l wdldrh wms ÿáuq' ta ksidu fuhg foaYmd,k úi`ÿula ,nd Èh hq;= njo wms ÿáuq' ol=fKa ishü wdKavq n,h fn§u l< hq;= nj b;sydih mqrdu ms<sf.k we;' tfy;a ish leue;af;ka ixhqla; f,i th isÿ lrkakg leu;s ke;' ,nd ÿka tlu tl úi`ÿu bkaÈhdkq n,mEu u; f.k wd 13 jk ixfYdaOkfhka ia:dms; l< m<d;a iNd úh' tfy;a Bg kshñ; n,;, mjd fkd§ Wÿrd. kakg wjYH m%;smdoko ta ;=<u ròjkakg ;rï md,lfhda iglmg jQy' n,h fn§u kHdhslj ms<s.kakd njla fmkakqï l<o" f,dal m%cdjg ta .ek mqridrï fovqjo" n,h fn§u iòyd ixhqla; jevms<sfj,la fyda fhdackdjla ke;sju ol=K hqoaOhg wj;S¾K ùu widOdrK neõ wms ÿáuq' hqoaOh úiska fï rfÜ ys;k m;k fukau rg .ek lelal=ula we;s ;reK mrïmrdjla o we;=<;aj" <ud <màka" ldka;djka yd wysxil ñksiqka" .eyeKqka iqúYd, ixLHdjla úkdY lrk nj yd wkd: lrk nj wms ÿáuq' ta ksidu uq, isgu wms l%sia;shdks mokï u; hqo úfrdaë jQfhuq' foaYmd,k úi`ÿula fjkqfjka fmkS isáfhuq' T,sh fkdalals W;=r;a ol=K;a w;r ifydaor inò;d f.dv ke`.sh hq;= nj wms úYajdi lf<uq' ta iòyd mqj;am;la fyda i`.rdjla ìys úh hq;=h hk woyi wm ;=< we;s úh' tfy;a fï iòyd øúv NdId m%ùK;ajh m%udKj;aj wm i;= fkdùh' cQâ ,d,a fidhqrd fuys§ l< ld¾hNdrh fuys§ lD;{;dmQ¾jlj isysm;a 49

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

lruq' fmar,kao óiu Ndrj lghq;= lrk w;r;=r§u ksjdvq iòyd kqjrt<s hkjd fjkqjg W;=rg .sh t;=ud" fou< NdId m%ùK;ajh ,nd .ekSug tu ld,h fhdod .;af;ah' tmuKla fkdj W;=f¾ mSvd ú`Èk fidhqre fidhqßhkaf.a woyia Woyia yd ol=fKa fidhqre fidhqßhkaf.a woyia Woyia T,sh fkdalals kï l=vd i`.rdj ;=<ska lr<shg f.k taug iqúYd, odhl;ajhla iemhSh' ls;=ir fukau T,sh fkdalalso lf<a ±ä wd¾Ól ÿIalr;djhka ueoh' miqld,Skj wd¾Ól fukau hqo jd;djrKh ksid we;sjQ fjk;a m%dfhda.sl ÿIalr;djhka fya;=fjka T,sh fkdalals wekysáKs' tfy;a tys wjYH;djh wog;a j,x.=h' wmf.a foaYmd,k inò;d wms foaYmd,kh fkdlruq hs lshñka mSä;hka fm<k mSvlhdf.a foaYmd,kh yd iyjdi.; ùu" iDcq yd jl% f,i tu foaYmd,kh wkqu; lsÍu fyda ksy`vj isàu wms fkdlruq' wms mSä;hkao Tjqka fjkqfjka fmkS isák jdudxYsl mlaI" lKavdhï we;=¿ jHdmdr iu`. wmf.a b;sydih mqrd ixjdo lr we;af;uq' inò;d mj;ajd we;af;uq' úfrdaO;d jHdmdr we;=¿ úúO jevigykaj,g iyNd.S ù we;af;uq' ;ju;a tfia lruq' tfy;a wms Tjqyq fkdfj;s' Tjqyq wms fkdfj;s' wmf.a fuu foaYmd,k inò;d ksidu we;euqka Tjqka yd wm wkkHlsÍug ^tkï foaYmd,k kï j,ska wmj yxjvq .eiSug & ;rï wònd, ùu wfma m%Yakhla fkdùh' wo ojfia ls;=ir NGO ls;=ir hkq NGO tllaj;a" ls;=ir mqj;am; wdOdru; flfrkaklaj;a fkdfõ' wm lKavdhfï yd mdGl ys;j;=kaf.a wOHd;auh;a" ld,h;a" Y%uh;a" Okh;a u; th kv;a;= fjñka mj;S' ls;=ir mqj;am; hkq jegqma ,nk jHdmD;shla fkdfõ' tys ixialdrljrekag fyda f,aLlhkag f.ùï ke;' .uka úhoï fyda fjk;a §ukd ke;' fuh wmf.a wd;au m%ldYkhla fukau" hq.fha l%sia;shdksh ms<snò ixjdoYS,S fõÈldjls'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

tod ls;=irg jvd wo ls;=ir mqj;am;la f,i fukau lKavdhula f,io fjkia ùïj,g Ndckh ù we;s nj meyeÈ,s lreKls' tod wm ±rE we;eï woyia wo fjkia ù we;s w;r" ;j;a we;eï oE i`oyd ;enQ nr fyj;a wjOdrKh fjkia ù we;s njo ms<s .ksuq' ta fjkia ùï ixjdoh ;=< we;s jQ fjkia ùï jQ w;r" tu ixjdoh ;=< È.gu fkdisá whg th f;areï .ekSu wmyiq úh yels njo wms ms<s.ksuq' lKavdhu ;=< lghq;= lrk wms mrudo¾YSh pß; fkdjk njo wms ksy;udkSj ms<s.ksuq' úúO iudc wd¾Ól miqìïj, Ôj;ajk wms fuu fufkys lsÍug tl;= ù we;af;uq' tu fufkys lsÍï wmgu wNsfhda.hla jk w;r" iudchgo wNsfhda.hla úh hq;= neõ wms úYajdi lruq' ls;=ir wo lf;da,sl iNdfjka Tíng f.dia úúO ls;=kq iNdjkaf.a idudðlhkaf.a tl;=ùula njg m;aj we;' tys ks, kdhl;ajhla" kdhl;ajhka fyda OQrdj,shla tod fukau woo ke;' ,sÅ; m%;sm;a;s ud,djla" ms<smeÈh hq;= kS;s Í;s ud,djla ke;' idudðlhka n`ojd .kakd jQ fyda bj;a lrkakdjQ mámdáhla ke;' fuh foaj jákdlï msreKq iudchla ^ foaj rdcHh& ìys lrkq msKsi ìyslr.;a fkdúêu;a tl;=jls' tneúka mSä;hkaf.a foúhkag újD; fjñka" tlS moku ;=< ish hq. fufyjr y`ÿkd .ekSu wo wfma j.lSu fõ' wms wfma j.lSu bgq lsÍug W;aidy lruq' ta ;=< ,dxlSh b;sydifha ls;=ir ,l=K iksgqyka lsÍu mSä;hkaf.a foúhka jykafia w;ska isÿjkq we;'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

05 ls;=ir ifydaor ne¿ï yd T,sffh fkdalals uyskao kdu,a

fou< isxy, ifydaor;ajh Wfoid isxy, mqj;am;la wLkavj fjka l< msgqjla f,i —ifydaor ne¿ï˜ ie<lsh yelsh' ls;=ir wdrïNfha isgu ish¨ ck;djf.a whs;sh" hqla;sh me;+ mqj;am;la úh' —ifydaor ne¿ï˜ msgqj wdrïNùug fmr isgu ls;=ir fou< ni l;d lrk fidhqrka weu;sh hq;= nj yd Tjqkaf.a y`vg lka Èh hq;= nj weoysh' 1993 k;a;, i|yd ls;=ir ck;dj w;r fnodyßk ,o w÷ßka wdf,dalhg kuq jQ fou< NdIdfjkao uqøKh lr fnod yeÍug wms ;SrKh lf<uq' ta ;SrKh" fou< niska lvd m;a brejla m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu m<uq mshjr úh' wms fnod yeßh m;%sldjg fou< ni l;d lrk W;=f¾ fidhqre fidhqßhkaf. ka hym;a m%;spdrhla ,enqKq w;r ta m;%sldfõ isria;,fhka 52

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

Wmqgd.;a fldgila iys;j t;eka isg fou< niska —T,sffh fkdalals˜ l=vd iÕrdj úáka úg uqøKh úh' ifydaor ne¨ï yd T,sffh fkdlals yryd W;=re ol=Kq md,ula ;kkakg ls;=ir W;aiy orK ,È' 1994 fmnrjdß l,dmhg tl, mQcl isiqfjl=j isá rú pkaøka ^wo hdmkh moúfha rúpkaøka msh;=ud& ,shQ uu l=re,a,kag ffjr lrñ" hk lú mka;sh .=jka fndaïn W;=f¾ ckhd ;=< we;s l< lïmkh m%n, f,i ol=Kg ixfõ§ lrkakla úh' uu l=re,a,kag ffjr lrñ uu l=re,a,kag wdorh lf<ñ úfYaIfhkau Wka mshdi,k úg" ug ;du;a u;lhs' uf.a <ud ld,fhaÈ .ila hgg ú tl È.g meh .Kka l=re,a,ka mshdi,k yeá n,d isáhd'''''' mshdm;a i,ñka iuyr úg ;ks ;ksj fndfyda úg rxpq jYfhka uf.a isysk f,dalfhaÈ Wka iuÕ uu;a mshdirlr ;sfnkjd ks,a wyia ;,fha Wia l÷ miq lrñka uyd id.rh yryd'' tkuqÿ ±ka uu 53

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

l=re,a,kag ffjr lrñ' úfYaIfhka Wka mshdi,k úg Wkaf.a È.a .eiqkq mshdm;a ud ;=, ìhla Wmohs'''' uu nhhs Wka mshdir lrk úg Wkaf.a ì;a;r ud u;g oudú hehs lshd Tn mqÿu fjhs ta wehs lshd th fufia isÿúh tla fid÷re ie±jl .ila hg úfõflka ud wdorh l, l=re,a,ka mshdir lrk yeá n,ñka Wka yd mshdir lrñka isák úg''' tlajru'''' tl l=re,af,la ud foig fõ.fhka mshUñka fyK y~la kxjñka uf.a ysi t,a,hg îcqjla ±ïud'' th ud miqlr ud ksji u; jefgkq ±l uu ìfhka ;e;s .;sñ uyd msmsßula ud w÷r ;=, .s¨fkah uu fofk;a yeßfhñ Èk y;rlg miq TjQyq ug lsh;s 54

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

uf.a mjqf,a wh ueß,d uf.a ksji úkdY fj,d uf.a fomd wyssñfj,d''' uu l=re,a,kag ffjr lrñ úfYaIfhka Wka mshdi,k úg pkaøka fld,ïnq ;=frhs hdmkh tfiau 1994 ud¾;= l,dmhg Tyq ,shQ ifydaor;ajfha .uklg wdf,dalh imhkakla úh' È.= rd;S%hla yd l=vd myka È.= rd;S%hka wjidkhla fkdue;s >kÿßka msrekq È.=rd;s%hka'''''' jgfhka jghg fldhs;rï kï ÿr ;j;a wm md k.d hd hq;=o@ msg;g mkskakg u.la fidhñka i÷ fldfya ieÕjqKso@ ;re ksú .sfha lsïo@ lsisu Èkl iyka t<shla fï ìug fkdjefÜ o@ Èfkka Èk nqr nqrd ke.s tk je,mSïj, wjidkhla ke;so@ ms%h ñ;=r"

lúho

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

i÷ yd ;re .ek isysk ujñka isáu wkqjK luls'''' th fudav n,dfmdfrd;a;=jls tkak" o,ajd .ksuq wms wfma ue l=vd myka fï >k÷rg tys t<sh t<shla fkdúh yel tkuqÿ uu uf.a myk o,ajd .kak wms fofokdf.a l=vd myka t<s foflka kj fofofkl=f.a myka o,ajd,uq b;ska'''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wms fkdfnda Èklska i÷ yd ;re TjQyQ wfma ysre Wodlr .ksuq pkaøka fld¨ïnq;=ffrhs hdmkh ol=fKka W;=rg"kef.kysrg ls;=ir .sh .uka .ek ls;=ir jd¾;d l< uq,a ld,fha isgu tfiau W;=rska ol=Kg wd .uka .dia;= ls;=ir igyka lf<ah' ls;=if¾ fï iyiïnkaOh ksidu ol=fKa wka iEu ckudOHhlgu jvd fjkila cd;sl m%Yakh foi ne,Sug ls;=irg yels jQ nj meyeos,sh' ukao W;=f¾ ckhdf.a w;aoelSug th ióm jQ ksidh' 56

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

06 ls;=ir ;=<ska Èiafjk —ls;=kq˜ i,l=Kq igyka lsÍu jà .re w¾kiaÜ fmdaref;dg msh;=ud

ls;=ir jkdys ksoyia ksjy,a" fkdneÈ iajdëk" ls;=kq Ñka;kh m%ldYhg m;a lrk m%ldYkhls' fuys m%ldYlfhda" rislfhda" lf;da,sl óiïj, nyq,j isá;s' yß fyda jerÈ fofla§u —tfyhs mshdKkS lshd ysi kud.kakdjQo" ijka fokakdjQ yd msh;=uka,dj mskjkakdjQ —tfyhs mshdKkS lshk wh fkdfõ˜' f;dauia wfmdaia;=¿jrhd jdf.a iel lrk fidhd n,k m%Yak lrk whhs' tjf.au úh hq;=hs' f.da,fhda fodf<dia fokdu fÊiq;=ud u<jqkaf.ka ke`.sg wd nj ±k ksy`v jQy' m%Yak fkdlf<dah' iel fkdlf<dah' f;dauia wfmdaia;=¿jrhdf.a mrmqrg —ls;=ir˜ m%ldYlfhda yd f,aLlfhda wh;a hehs ug ysf;a' 57

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

fuu mqj;am;—{dkd¾: m%§mh˜ —Nla;s m%fndaOkh˜ jeks ks< m%ldYkhla fkdfõ' f,dalh mqrd yeu rglu ;sfnk ls;=kq —úl,am˜ m%ldYkhls' f,dafla lf;da,sl iNdfõ fuf;la isÿjQ úYd,;u fmr<sh" isÿjQfha óg 50 jirlg fmr wdrïN l< fojk j;sldkq c.;a uka;%K iNdfjkah' 23 jk cqjï mdjq¿ mdma jykafia —c.;a uka;%K iNdjla˜ mj;ajkak hkjd lshd m%ldY l< ú.i j;sldkqfõ mßmd,k ;ka;%h hqyqj l%shd;aul úh' f,dalfha rdc.=re ysñjre j;sldkqjg meñKs ú.i ta wh lshjd wkqu; lrkakg wjidk ks.uk" ksfhda." m%ldYk hqyqj iQodkï lf<dah' ta iQodkï l< ,shú,s 23 cqjdï mdjq¿ mdma jykafiag Ndr ÿkay' tajd b;d f.!rjfhka Ndr.;a 23 cqjdï mdjq¿ mdma jykafia frdau md,k ;ka;%h Wvq hál=re lr T¿fjka isg .kakg isÿ jk ;SrKhla .;af;ah' tfy;a j;sldkq md,k ;ka;%ho" ±äj úfõpkh l< wh 2 jk j;sldkq uka;%K iNdj mÍlaIKhg" ksÍlaIKhg iïm;a odhlhka jYfhka j;sldkqj leoùh' kj fhdackdjo ta whf.a fmr iQodkï l< fhdackdo fmr i|yka l< fhdackd lñgqjg;a bÈßm;a lrkakg wjir ÿkay' md,k ;ka;%h fhdackd lñgqj;a iu. fïjdo idlÉPd lsÍug —fodrj,a weßfhah'˜ fuf;la lf;da,sl iNdfõ meje;ajQ c.;a uka;%K iNd 21 jvd II j;sldkq c.;a uka;K iNdj —w¨;a˜ jQfha tfiah' ,xld lf;da,sl iNdjg —ls;=ir˜ jdf.a m%ldYk yelskï yeu óiulska" Èidjlska" moúhlska ìys l< hq;=h' yeu fohlau m%Yak l< hq;=h' ms<s;=re —yjq,aj˜ fiúh hq;=h' 1' ish¨ fohla mQcljrhd l< hq;=h 2' tfy;a .syshka ke;sj lsis;a fkdl< hq;=h' 3' ish¨ fohlau .syshd l< hq;=h' 58

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

4' tfy;a mQclhd ke;sj lsisjla fkdl< hq;=h' túg kshu foaj ck;dj ìysfjkjd we;' úfõpkh ÈhqKqjg u.la nj udáka úl%uisxy mjid we;' úfõpkhg m%;spdr olajk l%u rdYshls'

1' úfõpkh .ek lsmS úfõplhdf.a iq, uq, fid hd fmr<d myr .i;s' —ls;=ir˜ o fujka hq.hla miq lf<ah'

2' úfõpkhg m%;spdr fkdolajd ksy`vj isá;s' úfõpkh l< foa b;d ryis.;j idod .ks;s' wvq mdvq wld uld .ks;s'

—ls;=ir˜ l< úfõpkj,g lf;da,sl mQcl yd iNd mßmd,kh by; i|yka fohdldr m%;spdr olajd ;sfí'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

07 ls;=ir" ls;=irldrfhda yd ls;=ir lKavdhu .re úl%u f*dkafiald mshku

ls;=ir mqj;amf;ys úisjk j¾I mQ¾Kho" ud Èú uf.a mkia fojk j¾I mQ¾Kho 2012 cQ,s uig fh§ we;' by; ldrKd folgu fyjKla ÿka —isxy.sß mshi˜ wNdjhg f.dia ;sfí' ls;=ir kï mqj;am; ìys lrkq i`oyd f.dv ke.=Kq idlÉPd" jdo újdo" ie,iqï yd iïuq;s úis jirlg jvd merKsh' úis jirlg jeä Ôjhlska hq;=j ls;=ir Wmoaojkakg ;rï cjhla ta l%shdoduhg ;snQ njg ls;=iru idlals fohs' l%sia;shdksfha ks¾ud;D kdifr;ays fÊiq ;=uka —;ud il, ñksiqkaf.a .e,ùu msKsi ish Ôú;h mQcd lrk nj˜ m%ldY lr ;sìh§;a" fndfydauhla jQ ks, ls;=Kq iNdjka ;ukaf. kau fn!;Siau ,enQjka muKla .e,ùu ,nkd nj lSug ;rï mgq ù ;sfí' —ls;=ir˜ kñka l%sia;shdks wkkH;djhla we;sj Wm; ,o m;%h lsis úfgl tjka mgq l:d kï lSfõ ke;' l%sia;shdkSka ùug jvd mq¿,a Od¾ñl mokul /`§ug ls;=ir ks;r W;aiy l, nj udf.a ye`.Suhs' tu mq¿,a nj w.h l, hq;a;ls' 60

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wÔú fohla jk m;a;rhla iÔú lrkq ,nkafka th yd ne`ÿKq .eyeKqka yd ñksiqkah' tneúka m;a;rhl úis jia mQ¾Kh .ek l:d lrkd úg l:d l, hq;= jkafka thg mK fmjq ñksiqka yd .eyeKqka .ekhs' ls;=ir w¾:fhka .;a l, Tjqka —ls;=irldrhska˜ hehs kï ,oaody' fuu fn!;Siauh ks, frdaudkq lf;da,sl iNdfjkah' ls;=irldrhskaf.ka fndfydauhla frdaudkq lf;da,slhka ùu;a" Tjqkaf.a lshqï yd flreï u`.ska jeäfhkau wNsfhda.hg m;a jQfha frdaudkq lf;da,sl iNdj ùu ksid;a tfia isÿ úh' ls;=irldrhskag frdaudkq lf;da,sl u¾Okh N=la;s ú`§ug isÿ úh' r;a;rka iEu úgu mÍlaId lrkq ,nkafka .skafkka hehs lshukla we;' ls;=irldrhska mÍlaId lrkq ,enqfõ u¾Okfhkah' ls;=ir m;%fha wdrïNfha§ Wmßufhka mej;s fuu u¾Okh jir oyhl muK ld,hla ;=, l%ufhka wvq ù hkakg úh' ±ka jqjo ls;=irldrhd hk yxjvqj ke;sjdu fkdfõ' ls;=ir m;%fha M,odhSu ld,h u¾Okh Wmßu ld,hu hkak uf.a .Kka ne,Suh' ls;=irldrhska ;=, ls;=ir l%shdj,sh fndfyda hym;a m%;sM, bmso jQ nj i;Hhls' ls;=ir l%shdj,sfhka uq,a wl=re lshe jQ fndfyda wh wo ls;=ir lKavdhu ;=, fkdjQj;a" udkj úuqla;sh i`oyd fndfyda hym;a lemùï j, ksr;j isá;s' ls;=ir ud;dj ta .ek wdvïnr jkq we;ehs ud is;ñ' udf.a Ôú;h flfryso ls;=ir l%shdj,sh fndfyda hym;a foa odhdo l, nj i;=áka isys lrñ' ls;=ir m;%hg úis jirla msÍu ksñ;s lr iure l,dmhg —ls;=ir fufyjr ck;djf.a .e,ùu foig jvd;a keUqrej l%shd;aul lsÍu i`oyd Tnf.a woyia we;=,;a ,smshla˜ uehska fï ,smshg ug wdrdOkd lrkq ,enqfha ls;=ir lKavdhu úisks' tu lKavdhug udf.a ia;=;sh mqo lr isáñ' ls;=ir úiska ls;=irldrhska bmeoaÿfõ ke;' ls;=irldrhska úiska ls;=ir Wmoaok ,È' uQ,sl;ajh .;a ls;=irldrhska ls;=ir bmeoao jQ úg úisÍ isá ls;=irldrhska ta jgd /ia jQ w;ru" ls;=ir Tjqkg fõÈldjla yd Tjqkaf.a l%shdldß;ajhg jdykhla ù hehs lSu jvd WÑ; hehs is;ñ' úisÍ isá ls;=irldrhska talrdYS lsÍugo" Tjqka 61

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

l%shdfõ n,.ekaùugo ls;=ir jdyl úh' uQ,sl;ajh .;a uq,a ls;=irldrhka w;r isÿ jQ §¾> yd WKqiqï jdo újdo ^ taldldß u; orkakka fkdù úúO;d iys; wh ùu ksido" ;ud ±rE u;hg wjxl ùu ksido" ;udgu u;hla ±Íug ;rï ks¾udKYS,S jQ ksido & Tjqka ;ekQ fõÈldj mq¿,a ùug ;rï iu;a úh' §¾> jdo újdo lKavdhu orkd fmdÿ u;h fuh hehs ish,a,kagu ta;a;= .ekajQ ksid Tjqkaf.a iïuq;s Yla;su;a úh' újD; idlÉPd u.ska ks¾udKh l, ie,iqï h:d¾:jd§" ld¾hlaIu yd lKavdhï l%shd njg m;a úh' uQ,sl;ajh .;a ls;=irldrhka ;=, oDIaÀuh mgqlï" ^wOHdmkh .ek Tjqka ±rE mgq woyia & iïuq;s ÿ¾j, lrk lÜájdohla jeks ÿ¾.=K ;snQ njg tys b;sydihu idlals orhs' th wreuhla kï fkdfõ' Tjqka ish,af,dau cïu mdmh iys;j Wmka" ÿ¾j,lï yd iSudjka iys; ñksiqka yd .eyeKqka jQ neúks' by; iòyka f,i hï iSud iys;lï yd w`vq ÿq`vqlï iys;j jqjo" m%n, Wm;la yd meje;aula ls;=ir i;= úh' ±ka ls;=irg úis jirla f.ù f.disks' uQ,slu ls;=irldrhkaf.ka lsysm fofkla yd miqld,Sk ls;=irldrhka lsysmfofkl=f.ka hq;a ls;=ir lKavdhu ls;=ir mj;ajdf.k hhs' fï ,smshg wdrdOkho Tjqkaf.ks' —ls;=ir fufyjr ck;djf.aa .e,ùu foig jvd;a keUqre lrùu iòyd˜ ^ úis jirla merKs ls;=ir m;% wdlD;shg" ls;=ir lKavdhï wdlD;shg yd ixhq;shg tjka keUqrejla iòyd yelshdj yd Yla;sh fï fudfydf;a we;ehs ud úYajdi fkdlrñ' fjkia úh hq;= uQ,slu foh ls;=ir lKavdhï wdlD;sh yd ixhq;sh nj ud úYajdi lrñ'& ls;=ir lKavdhï wdlD;sfha yd ixhq;sfha hym;a idOkSh fjkila isÿlr.; yels kï" th ls;=ir m;%fha yd tys l%shdodufha fjkila isÿ lrkq fkdwkqudkhs' ta iòyd udf.a fhdackdj kï j¾;udk ls;=ir lKavdhug wh;a fkdjk" tfy;a w;S; ls;=irldrhska ù isá yd j¾;udkfha hï fyda lafIa;%hl udkj úuqla;sh iòyd lemfjk fidhqre fidhqßhka iu`. by; wruqK Tiafia ixjdo uKavmhla kQ;k ls;=ir lKavdhu ixúOdkh l, hq;= njhs' 62

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

08 nq;a;,ska miq .ukg w;aje,la jQ ls;=ir .re fnkälagd m%kdkaÿmq,af,a lkHdfidhqßh

.re uhsl,a reøs.= msh;=udj urd ±fukafka 1987 fkdjeïn¾ 10 Èkhs' bka wjqreÿ 5 lg miqjhs ls;=ir ìysfjkafka' m;a;rh fkdue;s jqK;a" uhsla msh;=udf.a >d;kfhka miqj ls;=ir u;h f.k wd msßi iu`. uf.a iïnkaOhla ;snqKd' Tjqka uqK .eiqkd' ta ksidu uhsla msh;=ud mgka .;a;= fufyjr fkdkj;ajd f.khEug ta ixjdohka ug yhshla jqKd' uhsla msh;=ud wmsj ks;ru wjÈ l<d' fjkiaj is;kak fhduq l<d' rfÜ" f,dalfha ;;a;ajhka ms<sn`o ksrka;rfhka wmsg fmkajd ÿkakd' Ôú;fha ´kEu ÿlla ú`Èkak iQodkï úh hq;= nj t;=ud wmsg lshd isáhd' wfkla whf.a ÿl wfma lr.kak wjYH m%{dj i`oyd wmsg u`. fmkakqjd' wms t;=ud tlal fiajh wdrïN lf<a ta ck;dj iu`. bkak ;SrKh lsÍu;a iu`. hs' Tjqka meyeÈ,sj mSä; ck;djla" ta ikao¾Nh ;=,' ta ksid msh;=ud neyem;alu b;d úYsIaGj ms<s wrf.khs ta ck;dj iu`. jev lf<a' iEu fohlau b;d úys¿fjka ;y¿fjka ms<s 63

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

.ksñka ^Sense of Humour& ieye,a¨fjka jev lrkak t;=udg ;snqfKa mqÿudldr olaIlula' ta jf.au wmsj lsisu fj,djl Dominate lf<a keye' taldêm;s f,i ;SrK .;af;a keye' wmsg mqÿu ksoyila ;snqKd' fjkia fjk f,dalh nod.kak wjYH nj t;=ud wmsg lshQ fohla' f,dalh mqrd ießirñka th ms<snò úu¾YKh ^ Explore& lrkak wmsj fhduq l<d' yeu jevl§u ta w¿;a ùug wmj Èßu;a l<d' fï ish¿ ldrKd tlal n,oaÈ msh;=udf.a wysñùfuka miafia ls;=ir ;uhs ug ffO¾hhla iemhqfõ' ls;=ir ;=, ta .=K fndfydauhla uu w;a±lald' msh;=udf.a ta ±lau bÈßhgu f.k hkak ls;=irska ug yhshla iemhqjd' uhsla msh;=ud ks;ru lshQ fohla ;uhs God is hidden among the poor lshk tl' tal ;uhs uf.;a úYajdih' ÿmam;a ck;dj w;f¾ foúfhda bkakjd lshk tl' ta ksid ta foúhkaj uqK. efykak Y=oaO jQ foaYhg ug hkak lSfjd;a uu neye lshkjd' fudlo foúfhda bkafka Y=oaO jQ foaYfha fkfjhs' fï ÿmam;a ck;dj w;f¾' ta ksid msh;=udf.a ta m%ldYhka yd fhduqj ´kEu wjodkula (Risk).kak ug Wojq jqKd' ta jf.au ls;=ir;a ÿmam;a ñksiaiq fjkqfjka Risk .;a;hs lshk tl uu okakjd' ta yeu jevlgu fkdjqK;a mq¿jka yeu fj,djlu uu tajdg iyNd.s fj,d ;shkjd' ls;=ir ;=,ska b;d ishqï úÈyg ta foa ug ,eì,d ;shkjd' wms yefudaf.au iSudjka ;shkjd' ls;=irg;a iSudjka ;shkjd' Înterlectual Technique& tlla fkdfjhs ls;=ir lshkafka' th ieuúgu ck;djf.a wjYH;d fjkqfjka ixfõÈ;djhla mj;ajd .;a;d' fudlo uu;a Înterlectual& flfkl=ka fkdfjhs' ^Technical& flfkl=;a fkdfjhs' uu ;SrKhla .kak fmr Fr uhslaj ys;kjd jf.au ls;=ir .ek;a ys;kjd' On going processe tlla Fr uhsla mgka .;a;= nj we;a;' kuq;a tal ^Continiouse Lerning& tlla ta ksid wms lrk jev ^Process& tlla f,i ±l,dhs wog;a lrkafka' tfyu ke;=j wjidkhla (End) ;sfhkjd lsh,d ys;,d fkdfjhs' fudlo wms fï lsisu fohl wdrïNlfhda;a fkdfjhs' wjidkh;a wms fkdfjhs' 64

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

b;ska fï ish¨ foaj,a ;=, ls;=ir u`.ska wmsg ;Dma;su;a njla ,efnkjd' ck;dj tlal jev lrk úg tajdg w.hla ,efnkjd' ta jf.au ls;=if¾ wjodkï .ekSu ^Risk Taking& b;d by<hs' Fr uhsla mjd tfyuhs' ëjr m%Yakfha§" frdfIakaf.a lgqkdhl wr.,fha§" ta nj wms ±lald' wms ta ls;=ir fjkqfjka tajdg iyNd.s fjkafka f,dl= wdYajdohlska' ta jf.au ixf;daIhlska' ck;djg hïlsis fohla fjhs lshk wfmalaIdj;a ta w;f¾ ;sfnkjd' ta ksid Fr uhslaf. ka miqj ud úYajdi lrk m%jdyh jkafka ls;=irhs'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

09 meúÈ Èúh wre;a .kakjkakg t<sh ÿka ls;=ir .re fgrkaia m%kdkaÿ ifydaor;=ud

ud 1979 foieïn¾ 08 jk Èk ùÈ orejkaf.a wOHdmkh Wrÿka ,id,shdkq ksldfha ifydaor;=ful= f,i fiajh lsßu i|yd m%:u meúÈ fmdfrdkaÿ ,nd .eksug bkaÈhdfõ ;+;a;=l=äys ux.,.sß kï .%duhg fikaÿ ùu i|yd" fld<U isg ÿïßfhka ;f,hsukakdrug f.dia t;ekska f,dl= fndaÜgqjlska rdfïIajrï olajd .uka .;af;ñ' fiajh ms<sn| wdYdj ys; ;=< ord.;a wdOqksl fidhqfrl= jq ud ta .ukska miq uõ ìug meñKshdg miq rg ;=, isÿ jq 1983 l¿ cQ,sh" 1989 NSIK iuh wdÈ m%n, isÿ ùï fukau fm!oa.,slj fiajh l< fm!oa.,sl mdi,aj, yd uqvqlal= me,am;aj, ñksiqka weiqßka ,o w;a±lsï ud is; mqmqre .eiqula we;s lf<ah' 66

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

fufyjr yd .uk ksYaÑ;g wd;au.;j fkdmeje;sfhka uf.a Ôú;ho t;rï fjkilska f;drj .,df.k .sfhah' m%:u fõo fmdfrdkaÿj,ska jir 13 lg miq 1992 È ud fiajh lrñka isá mdif,a o,di,a ÈkfhaÈ ÈjH mQcdj meje;a jq msh;=udf.a foaYkh ud ;=< jq .sks mqmqre ±,ajqfõh' ta olajd ud ;=<;a fiajd Ôú;h ;=<;a w;aÿgq ish,a, tl fm<lg fm<.iajd uf.a Ôú; fufyjr hd hq;= ÈYdj .,md .kakg;a" foú÷ka ;=< Ôú;h fjkia uÕlg fhduq lr .kakg;a' wdf,dalhla cks; úh udj;la újr úh' rd.u fmar,kafoa bßod ÈjH mQcdjg iyNd.s ùu ;=<ska ÿgq .syshkag foaYkh i|yd wdrdOkd lsßu" .syshka yd msh;=ud w;r isÿjk Ôú; ixjdo msh;=udf.a ir, Ôú;h" W;=re ol=Kq md,ula f.dvke.sug .;a fjfyi wdÈhg újD; fjoaÈ ls;=ir iuÕ uf.a iïnkaOh werUqks' uu Ôú;h foi;a" ñksiqka foi;a n,k wdldrh l%u l%ufhka fjkia jkakg mgka .eKqks' ls;=if¾ m%Odk ldrKd iuÕ w;aje,a ne| .eksug;a meúÈjrfhl= f,i ud ÿka fõo fmdfrdkaÿj,ska tlla jq È<s÷lu jvd;a ir, Ôú;hla ;=< w¾:j;a lr .kakg;a uu ta ;=<ska Èß .;af;ñ' ls;=ir bÈßm;a l< il%fïka;= Ôú;h .ek kj wdrl bÈßm;a lsÍu uf.a Ôú;hg ;Èka n,mEfõh' il%fïka;= hkq ,nd .kakd fohla fkdj w;a ú£ug bÈßm;a úh hq;= Ôú; m%;smodjla nj ls;=ir b;d ir,j kuq;a m%n,j myod ÿkafkah' ÈjH i;am%idoh ,eìu yd ÈjH mQcdj meje;aùu hkq yqfola bßod ÈjH mQcdjg hdfuka muKla iïmQ¾K jkakla fkdj m,a,s meñKsug fkdyels m,a,s fkdmeñfKk ck;djf.a Ôú;j,g iïnkaO fjñka Tjqkaf.a Ôú;j, .e,ùu yd úuqla;sh Wfoid bÈßm;a ùula jeh ùula nj meyeÈ,s lrÿkafka ls;=irhs' ls;=irg mK fmjq Ôú;hhs' 67

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir ud yg n,mE ;j;a wdldrhla jQfha tuÕska biau;= l< ckjkaokdjhs' iïm%odhsl ckjkaokdj yd f.dvke.s we;s ux.,H yd kqjdkj,g wod,j mj;ajk ix.S; m%ix." i,ams,a" r;s[a[d u,a fjä ieris,s i|yd jeh lrk úYd, úhoï ls;=kq wOHd;auh f.dvke.kq fjkqjg úkdY lrk wdldrh;a " tjeks foa u.ska orejkaf.a ukig isÿ lrk wys;lr n,mEu;a ls;=ir m%n,j fmkajd ÿkafkah' tmuKla fkdj ck jkaokdj jvd w¾:j;a lrk hdÉ[d" m%d¾:kd" .S;sld ks¾udKh lsßu ;=,ska ls;=ir tajdfha yrh ñksia is;g jvd;a ±fkk yef.k wdldrhg bÈßm;a lrñka tajd wd;au.; lsßug ls%hd lf<ah' 1980 È f,da m%lg wysxidjdÈfhl= jq uy;aud .dkaê;=ukaf.a Ôú; l;dj Ñ;%máhla f,i meh y;rla mqrd ud krUd ;snqK;a t;=udf.a igfka wdOHd;auh ug ±fkk mßÈ bÈßm;a lf<a ls;=irhs' .dkaê ;=udg wkqj wl=i,a ^mõ& y; u.ska .dkaêo¾Ykfha .eUqr jgyd .ksñ' ^jev lsßfuka f;drj ,nk i;=g" pß;j;a núka f;dr ±kqu" yDo idlaIshg úreoaOj ,nk i;=g" idrO¾u j,ska f;dr fj<|du" ohdfjka f;dr úµdj w;a±lsfuka f;dr ne;su;a nj yr moaO;sfhka f;dr foaYmd,kh& fufia ls;=ir ,sms f,aLk fukau ls%hdldrlu i|yd ud l< fufkys lsßï ;=<ska uf.a Ôú;fha ±lau Èfkka Èk o¿,d jefvkakg úh' tys wka;¾.;h ;=<ska ienE foúhka j yÿkd .kakg ,eìu .ek uu wo;a i;=gq fjñ' ud w;ska hï iq¿ fyda iudc fufyjrla bgq ù we;akï th ud ls;=ir ;=<ska ÿgq foúhka wd;au.; lr .eksfï m%;sM,hls' .=rejrefhl= f,i uq,a m;aùu ,nd fiajh lrk w;r;=r uf.a ksldfha ifydaor ;=uka,d iuÕ Ôú; iudc lghq;= j,o iyNd.s ùug isÿ úh' ix.S; ixo¾Yk' álÜ úlSKsï" jd¾Isl ls%lÜ ;rÕ k;a;,a" Wmka Èk" cqì,s ido wdÈh ;=<ska isÿjk we;eï whym;a foa ±lsug ug yelshdjla fkd;snqKs' tajdfha whym;a n,mEïj,ska ñÈ ksire foaj,a ksire yeáhg olskjdo@ tjeks lghq;=j,§ hï ia:djrhla .eksug ls;=ir w;aje,la úh' 68

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

iodld,sl fõoNdr ,nd.;a miqo úfoia .; ùu" jeämqr wOHdmk iqÿiqlï imqrd .eksu" Wiia ks,;, ±ßu" kúk ;dlaIKsl l%u m%.=K lsßu" wdÈh flfrys fhduqùug jvd wju iqÿiqlï wju ;dlaIKsl myiqlï yd fuj,ï kùlrKh lrñka ùÈ orejkag b.ekaùfï ,id,shkq lßiaudj o¾Ykh hï;dla ÿrlg fyda TmuÜgï lr ðj;a lr ùug;a ,id,shkq mdi,l ksfhdacH úÿy,am;s ;k;=r ±rej;a tu ;k;=f¾ ;dlaIKsl j.lSï w;r ysrjkq fjkqjg mx;sfha orejka iuÕ ld,h .; lsßug ud ;=, leue;a;la fm<Uùula we;s jkafka ls;=ir u;= l< ±lau ksid fjks' ls;=ir ud yoj;g iúh l< ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla jkafka wd.ñl yd cd;sl ixysÈhdj msKsi wm lghq;= l< hq;= wdldrhhs' oi mk; oi YS,h iuÕ wd¾h wIagdx.sl ud¾.h Nd.H wg iu.;a wdÈ jYfhka ;;a;ajlg lreKq biau;= lrñka weoys,af,a fjkia lï meje;sho Ôj;a lr ùug W;aidy lrk idrO¾u jákd lï ys mj;sk iudklï u; wd.ñl iyðjkh hym;a iudchla i|yd fhdod .; yels nj ls;=ir fmkajd ÿkafkah' wjdikdjlg ls;=if¾ ta idr ±lau u.ska M, ,nd.;af;da w,amh' cd;ska w;r ffjrh" wiu.sh" ielh ;=rka lsßu fjkqjg th j¾Okh lsßug fndfyda ckudOH fukau wd.ñlhskao lghq;= lroaÈ ienE iduhla i|yd cd;ska w;r iu.sh we;s lsßu i|yd iEu cd;shlgu hqla;sh bgqlsßfï uÕ fjkqfjka ls;=ir l< fufyjr ud yg úYd, n,mEula l< lreKla úh' øúv ck;dj iuÕ woyia fnod .eksug;a" øúv ck yo .eiau yÿkd .eksug;a ls;=ir —T,sfha fkdala ls˜ kï ;nd we;s fou< NdId mqj;a ,smsh iu.ska fukau iðj ixjdohkag ueÈy;a ùfuka l< fufyjr fï ldrKh wrnhd fkdueflk ls%hdjls' ls;=ir hym;a iudc f.dvke.sug ndOdldß ms<s,hla f,i ke.s wd wiNH m%ldYk" wiNH Ñ;%má" yd tajdfha wiNH m%pdrl mqjre <ud <mákag;a fmfkk fia m%o¾Ykh 69

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

lsßu fukau <ud wmpdrj,g tfrysj ke.= y~ ld,sk iudc fufyjrla úh' ta y~ ke.sug Wr fkdÿka iudch wo ojfia tajdfha wdoSkj jeä jeäfhka w;a úÈk nj meyeÈ,sh' fuls lreKq yd ;j fndfyda leáfldg olajkafka kï ls;=ir foaj rdcHh f.dvke.su i|yd fÊiq ;=uka f;dard.;a mSä; ck;djf.a me;a; .;a ud¾.h wkq.ukh lrñka ta ud¾.h wkq.ukh lsßug wmg Èß ÿkafkah' ëjrhka" f.dúhka" rduÈkakka" o¿ fk,kakka" weÕ¨ï fiaúldjka" ueo fmrÈ. .DyKshka" .,a lvkakka" f,,s ;,kakka" je,s f.dvoukakka" jeks whf.a yo .eiau ls;=if¾ ±lsh yels úh' úúO mSvdjka ú¢kakg jqjo " úúO ndOdjka t,a, jqjo" wN+; yd wi;H fpdaokd j,g ,la jqjo" úúO f,an,a wef,õjo ls;=ir .uk k;r jqfhao ke;' ls;=ir ta ish,a, ;=< meje;=fKah' tneúka th ug uf.a meje;aug yd uf.a yo .eiau ls;=ir u jQfhah'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

10 iudc foaYmd,k ls;=kq wei újr l< úYajdifha oEi wcka; pdkl

Y=oaOd;au m%{dfõ isg''''' mka;s ú[a[dKh f;la''''' 90 oYlfha uq,a Nd.fha YsIHka jq wfma iudÔh w;a±lsï' jvd mq¿,a Ndú;djlg f.k tñka iudc ls%hdldrlï j,g lemùh hq;= njg uq,a Yla;su;a wä;d,u imhkq ,enqfõ'''' wka lsisjla fkdj' ls;=ir mqj;a m; yd neÈ —ls;=ir lKavdhu˜ yd tys imhk ,o úYajdifha oEi ;=<sks' tod wmf.a uq,a ld¾H jQfha mqj;am;a fj<odu i|yd ck;dj w;rg hduh' úfYaIfhka fírej, isg jdoaÿj olajd fjr< ;Srh Èf.a ls;=kq ck;dj w;r tu wNsfhda.d;aul ld¾h fkdfhla wNsfhda. ueo bgq lrekq ,enqfõ th Èjeisjr ld¾hhla njg jgyd .ksñks' yßyeá jpk folla l:d l, fkdyels wm Y=oaOd;au n,fhka wkH NdId l:d l, whj¨ka fuka fkdfhla jdo m%jdo ixjdo isÿ lrk ,§' 71

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

thska Tíng f.dia <ud tl;= heÿï jevigyka fufyhùu" .S; Ndjkd" jeks fkdfhla ld¾hhka wm Ôú; j, fï olajd isÿ lrk ,o fkdfhla ld¾H j, uQ,sl wä;d,u úh' fuys §¾> j úia;r l, fkdyels jqjo b;sydifha ,shd ;eìh hq;= È.= l:djla thska werUqks' oyï mdi,a" O¾u ¥; <ud iudc fkdñf,a meje;ajq Wmldrl mx;s jeks" iNd jHqyh ;=, fkdfhla O¾fudamfoaY ls%hdldrlï isÿ l< wm bka bj;a jQfha kskaod wmydi yd wjidkfha ks, iNdfõ myr §u ueoh' ish¨ ls%hdldrlï j,ska t,jd ±uq ta b;sydih ixIsma; WodyrKhlska ±la jqjfyd;a tod oyï mdi,a Wmldrl mx;s b.ekaùfï jrog t,jd ±uq wm wo jk úg wOHdmksl lafIa;%fha j.lSï orñka isákqfha' —fldfka ., uq,a ., jkq we;˜ hk iqúfYaIs mdGh isys lrñks''''''''''' ck;d úfrdaë ls%hdldrlï j,g tfrysj y~ ke.su ta fjkqfjka fmkS isáu wd§ mSä; ck whs;ska fjkqfjka fmkS isáfï uq,a fmd; ;enqfõ —ls;=ir˜ ;=<ks' tneúka —ls;=ir˜ yqÿ mqj;a m;la fkdj Ôú; l%uhla yqre mqreÿ l, f;da;ekakla njg m;a úh' jrm%ido ;dkak udkak j,g hg fkdú" tajd mfil oud lghq;= lsßug b.eka jQfha ls;=irhs' tneúka tod fuka wo;a fyg;a ÿla ú¢k ñksiqkag .e,ùu f.fkk mx;shg ñ;=re ñksiqka f.dvke.sfï ld¾h ls;=irg l, yelsh' Ys% ,dxlSh iudch ;=, o< jYfhka 6] la jq ls;=kq ck;djf.ka nyq;rhla ks¾udK mka;shg wh;a ëjrhka' tys m%uqL n,fõ.hls' Tjqka iuia: foaYmd,ksl w¾:l;khkag wkqj mdov mSä; mx;s f,i ú.%y lrkqq ,nhs' ta jq ckhdf.a wd;;Ska ls;=ir m%YaK lr tajd ksjerÈ 72

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lsßu o ls;=ir ld¾Hhla úh' irej ms;a;, k;a;, fjkqjg h:d¾:jdÈ k;a;,la bka fhdaackd lrkq ,enqfõ" ta i|yd ck;djg werhqï lrkq ,enqfõ ta ksidfjks' fygo mx;sh fjkqfjka tu ld¾hh ls;=ir bgq l, hq;= j we;' tkï ck;dj Wfoid Y=oaOd;au m%{dj iemhSug ^ foaYmd,ksl NdIdfjka mka;shg ú{a{dkh iemhSu& —ls;=irg˜ m%Yia;s ,súug fkdj ,súh hq;a; ,súu i|yd w;a±lsug idlaIs ±ßu Wfoid fufia ,shd ;nñ' wm wo jk úg iDcq wd.ñl iSudfjka Tíng f.dia iDcq foaYmd,ksl l%shdOrhka f,i we;eï ia:dkj, j.lSï orkafkuq' tfy;a ta ls%hdj,ska ;=, ls;=ir iemhq wOHd;auh b;d m%n,h' th tafia fkdmejiSug ;rï foaYmd,ksl l=yl lï ke;'

• idïm%odhsl Nla;su;=ka jq wmg ck;dj mSvdjg m;a lrk fuj,u OkjdÈ iudcl%uh nj ;yjqre lsßfï w;a fmd; jQfha ld,a udlaia f.a —odia lemsg,h˜ fkdj" ls;=irhs'

• idïm%odhsl ls;=kqjka jq wmg mj;sk l%uh foaj úfrdaë nj ta;a;= .ekajqfha f,kskaf.a fj¿ï fkdj ls;=irhs'

• ck;djf.a .e,ùu Wfoid ck;djg fm%au l, hq;= nj ta i|yd Ôú;h Wjo leml, hq;= nj wmg b.ekajqfha fÉ.=fjrd frdayk úfÊùr fkdj ls;=ir Ôú; w;a±lsuhs' tf,i udlaia f,kska fÉ frdayK úfÊùr fidhd. kakg;a Tjqkaf.a idOkSh foa Wlyd .kakg;a j¾;udkh jk úg foaYmd,ksl ls%hdOrhka jkakg;a Bg;a jvd mlaI yd ixúOdk ;=, tajdfha ne;su;=ka fkdjkakg;a m%{dj iemhQfõ ls;=irhs' fuhska ud lSug W;aiyd lrkafka ld,a udlaia" ù whs f,kska" fÉ.=fjrd" frdayK úfÊùr" jfï mlaI ixúOdk wNsnjd ls;=ir by<ska fyda my,ska isák nj fkdfõ' 73

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

nhsn,fha ienE yrh wkqj tys Wmudjla wkqj ,dxflah fmd,j ;=, wm Ôú; ;=, ls;=ir wn weghla jq njhs uqyqka jq njhs' cd;sl m%YaKh ms<sn| we;eï úg újdod;aul u; jdohkag ;=vq ÿkako@ ;u ia:djrfha fkdìhj yd ia:djrj mej;Su tys iqúfYaIs .=Khls' tfiau u;jdÈ ls%ia;shdks úoaj;=kag iSud jq ls%ia;shdksfha úuqla;sodhl yrh ^úuqla;s foaj O¾uh& ,dxflah u; fmd<jg f.k tafï f.!rjh ysñ jkafka ls;=irgh' ;siaind,iQßh wef,dahs mSßia jeks mshjre Tjqkaf.a bx.S%is fmd;a yd k.rfha foaYk ;=, l, ixjdo" úixjdo" iNdfõ my, ia:rhka ;=,g ^oyï mdi," ;reK iñ;sh& f.k f.dia th m%dfhda.sl lsßfï ls%hdj,sh isÿ jQfha ls;=ir ;=,sks' idïm%odhsl" wdh;ksl iNdjg th wNsfhda.hla jQfha tneúks' tneúka fyg ojfiao ,sÅ; udOHla f,i ls;=kq ck;dj w;r —udOHuh ;s%úO le|ùula Wfoid Èjeisjr ld¾HhNdrhla ;j ÿrg;a b;sßj we;'

• mj;sk l%uh ;=, ck;dj mSvdjg m;a lrk wdh;ksl iNdj yd mj;sk rdcH md,l jHqyhka fy,sorõ lsßu

• mqj;a m;lska Tíng f.dia ilS%h iudc ls%hdldß lKavdhula f,i ck;djg wjYH mka;s ú{a{dkh iemhSu ^Y=oaOd;au m%Ndj& • l%u úfrdaë ls%ia;shdks ix>hla f.dvke.su

;j ÿrg;a iudc foaYmd,k ls;=kq wei újr lrkakg —ls;=irg˜ Yla;shla ,efíjd'''' ta Yla;sh Wfoid wfma ±;a o Tn fj;g fufia È.= lrñ' ta jq i;H Wfoaid fygo fmkS isáñ'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

11 mßirh ms<sn| foõ oyu ck yog lshdÿka ls;=ir .re fïßhia ksu,a msh;=ud

wo f,dalh uqyqK md we;s oreKq mdßißl w¾nqoh fld;ekska fl<jr fõo hkak is;d .; fkdyels ;ruh' fidndoyu úkdY lsßu jeÿ uj ¥IKh lsßu jeks uyd mdml¾uhls' iEu oyulu wre; /¢ uyd oyu jk fidndoyu ms,sn| foõoyu u;= lrk ls;=kq m%ldYkhla ;=< wvx.= tlu úfYaIdx.h ls;=if¾ m<jk ñysirhs' 1992 werô ls;=ir 1992 iema;eïn¾ udifha È ^ 04 l,dmh& zmdßirh iuÕ idx.sl fjuqZ hkqfjka ls;=jelshlska' mdßißl m%YaKh ms<sn| ish lgy~ yd u;h m<uq jrg m%ldY lrk ,§' tys fufia i|yka fõ' Zñys ujf.a isfhd <Õu Èfkka Èk ìf|kala ì| úfhda,oaÈ ñys ujf.a ,h ie,S kef.k uyd wdfodakj ;=< 75

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

foúÿka mjik fohg wjÈ jqjka f,i wmg lshkakg fohla we;' foú÷ka uejq f,dalh ;=< ñksid" mßirh yd foúÿka w;r idx>sl meje;aula ;sìu t;=ukaf.a leue;a; jq nj Wmam;a;s fmdf;a tk fojeks ueúfï l;dj ;=<ska jqj b;d meyeÈ,s fõ'Z 1994 cQks udifhaÈ ls;=ir mdßißl m%YaKh ish uq,a msgqfõ wjOdkh njg m;a lr.kS' z;u oE;skau ;u j, lmd .eksuZ hk isria;,hg hgf;a uq,a msgqfõ ,smsh werfUkafka fufiah' wms wmsu Ôj;aa jk ksjig .sks ;nd .ksñka isáuq' ;u ;u oE;skau ;u j, lmd .eksñka isáuq' tjeks l;=jelshla fyda uq,a msgqjla ls;=kq m%ldYkhl tl, wm fk; .egqfka ke;' ls;=if¾ iudc wd¾Ól foaYmd,k ±lau ,shefjk úYajdifha oEi msgqj mßir m%YaKh idlÉPdjg .kafka m%:ufhka 1994 cQkS udifhaÈh' tu ,smsfha isria;,h jQfha —úYajfha mokug ;enq .sks weú, hhs' mdßißl w¾nqofha ienej˜ hkakhs' tys fufia i|yka fjkjd' —uq,skau lshkak Tsks mßir w¾nqoh f,dalh uqyqK md we;s wd¾Ól foaYmd,k w¾nqofhau fldgila nj˜ úYajfha oEfia mßir m%Yakh .ek ú{dkh B<Õ udih ;=<;a È. yefrkjd' 1994 cQ,s l,dmfha úYajdifha oEfiys ud;Dldj —mßirh úkdY lsßu wkd.; mrmqr urd ±óuls hkakhs˜ fuf,i ls;=ir wdrïNfha isgu mßir m%Yakh .ek l;d lrñka wd .uk mßirh i|yd zñysirZ hkqfhka msgqjla fjka lsßu ;=,ska jvd bÈßhg f.k .sh nj ls;=ir mßYS,kh lsßfïÈ fmkShhs' 2000 wf.daia;= ls;=ir ;=< ó.uqfha l,mq ¥m;a j, fydag,a bÈlsßug tfrysj igka .ek igykla ,shk ls;=ir 76

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

mßir foõ oyu m%dfhda.sl ;,hg f.k ths' tu mßir igkg Ôjh imhñka ls;=ir lKavdhug ks¾udKh l< .S;h m%n, ikaksfõokhla lrk ,§' wfma Wreuh l,mqjhs wfma meje;=u l,mqjhs wfma l,mqj mQckShhs we wfma wïud''''' ó.uq l,mq mßir igfka fojk igka f,i ie,lsh yels is maf,ka wr.,fhaÈo ls;=ir tls foõ oyu jvd;a m%n,j biau;= l, nj fmkS hhs' ls;=ir 2011 wf.daia;= l,dmfha ueo msgqj ta nj idlaIs orhs' ñysir msgqj yd ls;=ir uq,a l,dmj, ,sms ± mdßißl foõ oyu ms<sn| w;a fmd;la f,i ie,lsh yels ;rug jeo.;a lula Wiq,hs' yß; ysila yd yß; ys;la we;s ls;=kqjka wo hq.fha wjYH;djhla nj ls;=ir y~.d lshhs' zmßirhg úreoaO mdmZ hkqfjka ls;=if¾ 2002 cQ,s l,dmfha ,smsh mßir ixfõÈ ls;=kqfjl= ùug mYapd;a;dmsl is;ska mshjr ;eìug wmg wrhqï lrhs' foõ ueÿre N+ñ w,xlrKfhaÈ mßirh fkdi,ld yeßu ms<sn| ls;=ir 2012 uehs - cQks l,dmfha m<uq ,smsh jeks ,sms u.ska fmkajdfok ls;=kq j.lsj hq;a;kaf.a nrm;, wjOdkhg ,la úh hq;=h' ls;=ir mßißl foõ oyu wrUhd u;= lrk lrekq fujeks flá ,smshlska u; l< fkdyelsh' fuh ta .ek Wkkaÿ jk wfhl=g fhduqùula muKla jkq we;' mßirh .ek ls;=kq wei újr lsßu .ek ls;=irg ia;+;s jka; úh hq;h'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir .ek uf.a w;a±lSu fcda¾Ê iaàjka l=f¾ - mhd.,

Èfkl —jir lsysmhlg fmr ld¾hd, ÿïßfha§ wyïfnka jdf.a ls;=ir lKavdhu ug yuq úh' ta Tjqka ls;=ir m%pdrh lrñka isák w;frhs' Tjqka iuÕ iq¿ fõ,djla fyda ms<si|f¾ fh§fï wjia:dj ug Wod úh' ±kqÿ ta wjia:dj ud isyslrkqfha yo msß i;=áks' ls;=ir ud uq,skau ÿgqfõ” lshjQfha tys§h' lshùug fmr ud ys;=fõ fuho idïm%Þhsl wd.ñl m;a;rhla fõh lshdh' iïm%Þh msgq±lsh hq;a;lau fkdfõ' tfy;a i;Hh fidhd.; yelafla úpdrYS,Sjh' .fõIKh lsÍfuka hehs uu woyia lrñ' ls;=ir lshùfuka miq ud úiauhg m;a úh' tys wka;¾.; jqfha jd¾;d isoaê fkdj jd¾;dfjka Tíng .sh úpdrYS,Sj mQj;a foi ne,Suh' tys fndfyda ,sms iïm%Þhg jvd nqoaêhg uq,a ;ek ÿka tajd úh' foaj o¾Ykfha h:d¾:h tys .eíù ;snqKs' 78

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wd.ñlj fyda fõjd" idudÔhj fyda fõjd je/oaola ÿgq ;ek ls;=ir th wNS;j fmkajd ÿks' tksid iuyr wd.ñl kdhlhka fukau" foaYmd,kslhkao ls;=if¾ meje;au fkdßiaiSh' lf;da,sl .dhlhka, ix.S;{hka" mo rplhka" w;r fYa%IaG;uhd jQ iqks,aYdka;hka .ek iNd fYa%IaGhka w;r meyeÈ,s wjfndaOhla fkdjQ l,l ls;=ir uq,a ù iqks,a Ydka;hkaf.a .=Kiure W;aijhla l¿;r meje;ajQ wldrh wmg ;ju;a u;lh' fï wd§ fndfyda idudÔh" wd.ñl lghq;=j, § ls;=ir uq,a;ek .;af;ah' ±ka uy¿úhg md;nd we;s udyg ±ä wêIaGdkh yd lemùu hkq l=ula±hs ls;=if¾ ;reKhkaf.ka bf.k.; yels úh' ls;=ir m,jk iEu úgu uf.a ksjigu Tjqka m;a;rh f.keú;a ÿKs' ta lsisÿ wjia:djl Tjqka uf.ka uqo,a b,a¨fõ ke;' Tjqka m;a;rh lrf.k hkafka ±ä wd¾Ól ÿIalr;d uOHfha nj uu oksñ' Tjqka uqo,g jvd ld¾hh w.h lf<ah' fï uqo,a ÿIalr;d ksid ls;=ir iuyr udij, m, fkdjQ nj o oksñ' tfy;a ls;=ir lKavdhfï ±ä wêIaGdkh;a" lemùu;a, fkdmiqng W;aidyh;a ksid ls;=ir ;ju;a wm w;rh' bÈßhg;a tfiau .uka lrkq fkdwkqudkh'

ls;=ir 20 jir Ă&#x2C6;jeisjr ieĂ&#x; iereu

13 "Kithusara" - Voice for the Voiceless Rev. W.P. Ebenezer Joseph General Secretary National Christian Council of Sri Lanka

We rejoice and praise God for the 20 years of uninterrupted publication of "Kithusara" in promoting Christian values and strengthening Christian witness in various ways in Sri Lanka. The Kithusara has always maintained its unique role in fulfilling the mandate of our Lord Jesus Christ. They have given voice to the voiceless and created awareness on issues that get submerged in our routine and busy life. They have also reminded the Christian community of the wider responsibility and of the 80

ls;=ir 20 jir Ă&#x2C6;jeisjr ieĂ&#x; iereu

importance to listen to the groanings of our people who suffer in our country due to both visible and invisible manifestation of structural violence, an area of Christian witness which is very often overlooked by the institutionalized churches and organizations. However, Kithusara have constantly reminded the churches and the people of God our prophetic and diaconal responsibilities. Therefore the noble task fulfilled by Kithusara needs to be commended and supported. We are also aware that this journey of 20 years has not been an easy one. To sustain a publication that often challenges our comfortable and settled lives is not easy either. We hope and pray that God will continue to sustain and strengthen their work and shower them with wisdom to continue with this prophetic ministry that fulfills the mandate of our Saviour Lord Jesus Christ.

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

14 úYAjdih" ukqIHfhl= ;ekSu" ls;=irg mejfrk hq.fha ld¾hhs .re frdydka is,ajd ^ks'u'ks& msh;=ud m%foaYdêm;s ^ks'u'ks&" mdlsia:dkh" nx.a,dfoaYh" cmdkh" fldßhdj" wh;a fld<U m%dfoaYslh

wjqreÿ 20 la mqrd fujka .ukl kshe,Su ms<sn`oj ls;=irg iqN me;=ï tla lsÍu wjYHuhs' fï fudfydf;a ls;=ir .uka ud¾.h tla me;a;lska Ndjkdjla jf.hs' wmg fmkqfka thska bgq l< ld¾hNdrh b;d jeo.;a' ta jf.au ls;=irg bÈßhg ;sfnk ld¾hNdrh Bg;a jvd wNsfhda.d;aulhs lsh,d fmfkkjd" wo isÿfjñka ;sfnk foaj,a foi n,k úg' ls;=ir úuqla;s foajO¾uhla bÈßhg f.kdfõ th ,dxlSh fmd<jg iïnkaO lsÍughs' ta jf.au ,dxlSh fmd<fõ ;sfnk ish¿ wd.ï iu`. wkkH fjñka tajd iu`. wLKav ixjdohla mj;ajd .ekSu ls;=ir ;=, úh hq;=j ;sfnkjd' tfyu ke;sj ,;ska weußldkq úuqla;s yrh tf,iu fï fmd<jg iïnkaO lsÍug W;aidy lrkjdg jvd fï wd.ï y;frkau fmdaIKh 82

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

fjk ixjdohla wmg wjYHj ;sfnkjd' ta wd.ï ;=, we;s úuqla;s yrhka Tiafia ,dxlSh úuqla;sh lrd hk .uk f.dvk`.d .; hq;=j ;sfnkjd' wks;a lreK ;uhs fÊiqf.a .ufka úuqla;s yrhg jvd fï mj;sk l%uhg wkq.; ùu ck;dj b;d leue;af;ka lrkafka wehso lshk ixjdoh' we;a;gu ck;djg tfyu fjkafka wehso lshk tl wms ys;sh hq;= ld,hla weú;a' fudlo ±ka wms olsk fohla ;uhs fï f,dl=u iqrejï ye§fï Wjukdj' fldfydu;a ykaÈhla ykaÈhla .dfka iqrejï ;shk tl ms<sn`oj m%Yakhla ;snqkd' kuq;a ±ka m%Yakh f,dl=u iqreju ye§u lshk wka;h olajd th ú;eka ùu' fudlla wrnhdo fufyu fjkafka lshk tl wms .eUqßka is;sh hq;= fjkjd' ±ka ux.,af,g ix.S; ixo¾YK meje;aùu;a tfyuuhs' fu.d ix.S; njg tajd m;afj,d ix.S;h wjYHhs' kuq;a th Ndjkdjla f,i Ôú;h wre;ska msfrk ksñ;a;la f,i lrkak neßo@ wkak tjeks ;eka j,§ ls;=irg mq¿jka kï ta ixjdoh ck;djf.a uÜgñkau wdrïN lrkak" ta wdrïNh m%isoaO lrkak" th b;d jeo.;a f,ihs uu olskafka' ta jf.au ñksiqkaf.a wjYH;d b,lal lrf.k jev lrk w;f¾ Tjqkaf.a is;=ú,s wjÈ lsÍu i`oyd jk wjldYh mq¿,a l< hq;= fjkjd' ,;ska weußldkq lKavdhï foi wmf.a wjOdkh fhduq lf<d;a Tjqkaf.a w;a±lSï Tjqka ,shkjd mq¿,a uÜgfï idlÉPdj,g tu w;a±lSï Ndckh lrkjd' túg ta yryd úl,am is;=ú,s Odrdjla weúf,kak mgka .kakjd' m%xY=jd yqgd¾Ü,d msh;=ud lrk tl i`.rdjla ;sfnkjd Alternative sud lsh,d' tu i`.rdj yryd Tjqka ;=kajk f,dalfha ck wr.,hka iudcdkqnoaO lrkjd (Systemv attach) kuq;a tu ld¾hfha§ Tjqka ta ish¿ wr.,hka úoHd;aul ú.%yhka njg m;a lrkq ,nkjd' ta ú.%yh ;uhs u; .egqulg újr lrkafka' Tjqka tu u;h ;=kajk f,dalfha úoHd;aul u;hla f,ihs biau;= lrkafka' 83

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ta jf.au ±ka ;sfnk kQ;k ;;ajhla ;uhs mßirhg isÿjk ydksh ms<snò ie,ls,a,' tys§ Tjqka ukqIHhd foi n,k fldaKh úYaùhhs' úYaùh ukqIH;ajhla ;=, ñksid ú;rla fkdfjhs .yfld<" i;d isjqmdjdf.a mgka we<fod<" .x.d f,i ish,a, wh;a fjkjd' wo jk úg f,kd¾fvda fnd*a jeks foajO¾udpd¾hjre mjd l:d lrkafka tu úYaùh ukqIHhl= ms<snòjhs' ta ksid ,xldj ;=,§;a ëjr m%Yakhla .ek l:d lrk úg ëjr jD;a;sh yd noaO jQ ish¿ ;;ajhka ms<snò wjOdkh fhduq lrñka" ta úYaùh ukqIH;ajh biau;= l, yels kï wmg yels fjkjd tu l;sldj fjk;a ;,hlg f.k hkak' ta l%shdj,sh ms<snò lsishï Ndú;hla ±kgu;a ls;=ir ;=, ±lsh yelshs' 20 jirla msfrk fï fudfydf;a ta iòyd wmf.a iqn me;=ïæ

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

15 ls;=ir .re ä,dka fmf¾rd msh;=ud ixialdrl - Nla;s m%fndaOkh

iïm%odhsl f,i mej;Sf.k wd lf;da,sl iNdjg" fojk j;sldkq uka;%K iNdj úiska kj wdrhlg iNdj fufyhjkakg wdrdOkd ,eìKs' fuys§ iNdfõ úúO me;slvhka .ek .eUqre f,i idlÉPd l, w;r" iNdfõ fiajh i`oyd .sys iyNd.s;ajh hk úIhg jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñ úh' .sys Ôú;h Y=oaO jQ iNdj ;=, úYsIag ;ekla ork Ôú; rgdjla iy §ukdjla nj uka;%K iNdj ms<s.;a nj fkdryils' .syshkag mejreKq fndfyda fiajdjka w;rg iqNdrxÑh m;< lsÍfï ¥; fufyjr ysñlï ,nkafka Tjqka iNdfõ idudðlhka jk ksiduh' fuu Ndr¥r ld¾hh i`oyd Tjqkag jrï ,efnkafka fn!;Siauh ;=,skauh' fï nj fojk j;sldkq l;sldfjka ikd: fjhs' ls%ia;=ia jykafiaf.a mQcl Èjeisjr yd rdclSh ¥; fufyjrg mx.=ldr jk .sysfhda iNdfõ ls%hdldÍ O¾u¥; fiajdjg yjq,a ùfï j.lSu or;s' O¾uodkfhys fhfok Tjqyq iNdfjka wE;a jQjka kej; ta fj; f.k t;s' O¾fudamfoaYfhys ,d w; fo;s' iNdfõ iïm;a ksis f,i mßmd,kh lsÍfï ,d wdOdr fj;s' ^122& 85

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

tneúka foaj rdcHh f.dv ke.Su iòyd .syshdf.a odhl;ajh w;HjYH ldrKhls' fï iòyd úúO §ukd m%odkh lrk Y=oaOd;auhdfKda iNdfõ iEu mqoa.,fhlau tu`.ska n, .kajhs' tu §ukd j, úúO;ajh kj .súiqfï fufia iòyka fõ' —wfkHdakH hym; iòyd tlssfkldg wd;auhdKkaf.a m%ldY ùula § we;' flfkl=g wd;auhdKka u.ska Wmfoia §fï m%{djo" ;j;a flfkl=g tu wd;auhdKka u.skau O¾uh myod §fï {dKho § we;' wka flfkl=g wd;auhdKka ;=, úYajdiho" ;j;a flfkl=g Èjeis jels lSfï n,ho" ;j;a flfkl=g wd;au úi`§fï yelshdjo" ;j;a flfkl=g úúO Yío j,ska l:d lsÍfï yelshdjo" ;j;a flfkl=g tu Yío myod §fï Yla;sho § we;' fï ish¿ §ukd ;uka leu;s mßÈ fjka fjka jYfhka tlsfkldg fnod fokafka tlu wd;auhdKka jykafiah'˜^fldßka;s 12$7-10" frdau 12$6-8" fmaÿre 4$10-11& by; iòyka Y=oaOd;au §ukd j,ska fmdfydKs jk .syshd jl%j fyda iDcqj iuia; iNdjg jev odhl f,i lghq;= lrhs' fujeks miqìula ;=, iNdfõ idudðlhka f,i .sys ¥; fufyjr f;areï f.k lghq;= lrkakg bÈßhg meñKs ;j;a .syshka msßilf.a odhl;ajfhka t<s olajk iudc fufyjrls ls;=ir' fï iòyd ,nd fok .sys odhl;ajh iy lemùu meiiqug ,la l, hq;=h' .syshd ieu úgu iNdfõ lghq;= iòyd fkdfhl=;a whqßka iyNd.S ù we;s nj Y%S ,xld iNd b;sydih foi yeÍ n,oa§ ±lsh yels m%Odk lreKls' wo m<jk Y%S ,xldfõ bmerKsu isxy, mqj;am; —{dKd¾: m%§mh˜ ;a" bmerKsu isxy, i`.rdj jk —Nla;s m%fndaOkh;a˜ .sys odhl;ajfhka bÈßhg wd udOHhkah' úfYaIfhka Nla;s m%fndaOkh .ek l;d lroa§ tys ks¾ud;D u¾i,ska m%Èkkaoia uy;d iy m%:u ixialdrl iS ã wkaf;dakshka chj¾Ok .sys kdhlhka f,i tod .;a W;aidyh miq.sh jir 113 ld,hla mqrdjg u,aM, .ekaù we;' Tjqkaf.a iafjda;aidyh fkd;snqfKa kï Nla;s m%fndaOkh jeks 86

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

i`.rdjla Y%S ,xld b;sydih ;=, fkd;sfnkakg bv ;snqKs' .syshka jYfhka lf;da,sl iNdjg Tjqka ,nd ÿka odhl;ajh ksid Tjqkaf.a kï iiqka b;sydifha rka wl=ßka ,shúh hq;=h' tneúka .sys odhl;ajh wm ieuúgu w.h l, hq;=h' .sys kdhl;ajh ;=, M, ork iqúYd, jDlaIhla n`ÿ jQ —ls;=ir˜ mqj;am;;A tjeksu .sys kdhl;ajh ;=, u,aM, ±rE mqj;am;ls' ls;=ir úl,am ixjdoYS,S mqj;am;la f,i meñKs .uk b;du;au ÿIalr lgql .ukla nj okafkda oks;s' ls;=if¾ ;sfnk igkaldó nj" wjxllu" tä;rlu ksid fndfyda fofklaf.a Woyig jvd;au ,lajQ mqj;am;la f,i fmkajd Èh yel' ;j;a iuyre iNd fødayS mqj;am;la f,i ls;=ir yxjvq .eyqj;a" th fkdìhj ;ukag ,eî we;s Èjeisr ld¾hh bIag lrñka ye`.=ïnr .ukla hhs' we;eï úg ls;=ir we;euqkaf.a fodaIo¾YKhg o ,la ù we;' th tfia isÿjkafka ta ta ld,hg kshñ; fufyjfrys i;Hh fya;=fldg f.kh' m%ldYk lD;shl tlu wruqK ,dN ,eîuo fkdfõ' wo fndfyda mqj;am;a ,dN ,eîfï wruqKska mj;ajdf.k .sh;a" thska iudchg isÿjk fiajh l=ula±hs m%Yakhls' úl,am mqj;am;la f,i ls;=ir iudc /,a,g hg fkdù" ,dN ,eîfï mrud¾:hka wNsnjd" Èjeisjr ld¾hh i`oyd uq,a;ek ,nd § we;' ls;=ir fnd<`o mdGl reÑl;ajg jvd mdGl nqoaêhg wu;k ixjdoYS,S mqj;am;ls' wo mj;sk ;r`.ldÍ;ajh ;=, iïm%odhsl udOHhkag ;ukaf.a ia:djrh /l .kakg uy;a jEhula orkakg isÿù we;' fuu ;r`.ldÍ;ajh ;=, udOH lafIa;%fha kshe,S isákakka iú{dKslj fyda wú{dKslj fndfyda mlaI.%dyS jd¾;dlrKh" mKsjqv yeisrùu yd idjoH f,i bÈßm;a lsÍu" f;dr;=re úlD;slrKh" Ndj;sIh jeks ldrKdj, udOHlrejd hgm;a jk wjia:d nyq,j mj;shs' ls;=ir mqj;am; ;u Èjeisjr ld¾hh ksis whqßka f;areï f.k" mlaI.%dyS fkdù ;u woyia m%ldY lrñka mdGlhd ±kqj;a lrkag .kakd W;aidyh wms w.h lruq' miq.sh jir 20 87

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

;=, úYaj ls;=kq iNdj fukau wm Ôj;a jk f,dalho m%pKav yd .eUqre mßj¾;khkag uqyqK foñka isák wjêhl ls;=ir ys fiajdj ls;=kqjkaf.a wOHd;añl;ajh f.dvk.d .kakg fndfyda fia bjy,a ù we;' ls;=kq ±lau ;=, i;Hhg idlaIs ±Ífï ls;=ir wd u. w.h lrk w;r ;j;a §¾> .ukla hkakg iqn m;ñ'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

16 úl,am isxy, ls;=kq m%ldYk yd ls;=ir .re w¾kiaÜ fmdaref;dg msh;=ud

ls;=ir ìysjkafka YS% ,xldfõ m<uq mqj;am; wdrïN ù jir 180 lg miqjh' ls;=ir úis jir iïmQ¾K lrk 2012 j¾Ihg ,xldfõ mqj;a f,dalhg jir 180 la imsf¾' jir 180 la merKs ,xldfõ mqj;am;a f,dj ;=< úl,am ls;=kq m%ldYk w;r ls;=ir ,l=K fláfhka úuiSu fuu ,smsfha wruqKhs' ,xldfõ m<uq mqj;am; jQfha 1832 m<jQ —l,ïnq ck,ah˜' —l,ïnq ck,a˜ werô jirla blaujkakg fmfr tl, meje;s ì%;dkH rcfha ksfhda.h msg th jid oukakg isÿ ú we;' Bg fya;=j ú we;af;a l,ïnq ck,a l;=jrhd 89

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ì%;dkH rch úfõpkh lsßuhs' ls;=ir o jirla hdug fmr kj;skjd hehs mejeiqfjda fndfydah' tfy;a th ;ju mK .eka fõ' ,xldfõ m<uq fou< mqj;am;g fukau isxy, mqj;am;go wd.ñl iïnkaOhla we;' m<uq fou< mqj;am; udksmamdhs weußlka ñiu úiska 1846 ckjdß 01 Èk m%ldYhg m;a l< Who ;drffl f,i b;sydihg tla ù we;' th ixialrKh lr we;af;a fykaß udáka yd fihsfmIka hk f,aLlhska úisks' m%:u isxy, mqj;am; jq ,xfldamldr 1860 È m%ldYhg m;a lr we;af;a ishï rcqf.a wdOdr we;sj nq,;a.u O¾udrdu ysñhkaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka .d,af,aÈh' ±kg m<jk bmerKsu isxy, mqj;am; jkakdjqo fld<U moúh úiska ksl=;a l< o fmdÿ fmdÿfõ lf;da,slhkaf.a isxy, mqj;am; f,i ie,lsh yels {dkd¾: m%§mh wdrïN ù we;af;a 1866 §h' ls;=ir ìysjkakfka bka jir 126 lg miqjhs' tu jir 126 ld,h ;=<o bkamiq f.jqkq jir 20 ;=<o isxy, NdIdfjka m<jq m<jk ls;=kqiÕrd yd mqj;am;a rdYshls' kuq;a ta lsisjla zls;=ir Z ;rï úl,am mqj;am;l Nevfhka yd .=Kfhka ieriqkq tajd fkdjk nj lsj hq;=h' ls;=kq iÕrd w;r lsishï úl,am .;s ,laIK fmkakqï lrk ,o iÕrd lSmhla fuu ld,h ;=, ìysú we;' ls%ia;shdks lïlre ifydaor;ajfha zixjdoZ fifvla wdh;kfha' zhqla;sZ ^miqj th úuqla;s úh& iudc yd iduhsl flakaøfha zidOdrKhZ lf;da,sl YsIH jHdmdrfha zw;Sk;Z Y%djl mQcl ix>fha zY%djlZ fld<U moú lf;da,sl ix.ufha z/,a,Z ta w;r fõ' 90

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

iÕrd fkdú mqj;am;la f,i wdrïN jq m%ldYko fï w;r fõ' ls;=ok mqnqÿfõ —mqnqÿ oelau˜ iqkkao jkisxy msh;=udf.a —hd.h˜ cd;sl ls%ia;shdks uKav,fha —Ñka;k˜ ck úuq;als mQcl ix>fha —ck úuqla;s˜ bka lSmhls' by; ls iÕrd yd mqj;am;a j,ska fndfyda tajd ál l,lska jeis .sh w;r ;j;a tajd ;ju;a m%ldYhg m;a fõ' kuq;a tajd úl,am Odrdfõ mqj;am;a njg mßj¾:kh jQfha ke;' ls;=ir ta yeulgu jvd fjkiajk lreKq lSmhls' m<uqjekak th iene úl,am m%ldYkhl rej .=K iys; ùuhs' tfia ùu i|yd wjYH ksoyi Bg ysñùu úfYaIhls' fojekak th iNdjkaf.a wdh;khl fyda rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhl m%ldYhla fkdùuhs' f;jekak th iafõÉPdfjka jev lrk lsisÿ wdldrhl wdh;ksl neÈula hgf;a ls%hdfkdlrk msßilf.a m%ldYhla ùuhs' isõjekak th .syshka yd mQclhska msßila úiska m%ldYhg m;a lsßuhs' miajekak th lf;da,sl fuf;dÈia; ,xld iNd wdÈ ls;=kq iNdjka lSmhl wh iïnkaO jk m%ldYhla ùuhs' yhjekak th fjkiaùfuka j¾Okh jk kuq;a meyeÈ,s ±laula iys; mqj;am;la ùuhs' ls;=ir ;rï ks, iNdjkag wNsfhda.hla jq ls;=kq m%ldYkhla fkdue;s ùfuka tys úl,am Ndú;dj ukdj Tmamq fõ' tfiau úúOdldrfha u¾Okhka o ls;=irg iïnkaO msßia fj; úáka úg t,a, úh' úl,am ls;kq m%ldYk .ek yd tajdfha n,mEu .ek .re w¾kiaÜ fmaref;dg msh;=ud ish woyia fufia tl;= lf<ah' úl,am m%ldYk zks,Z m%ldYk ùu' úl,am m%ldYlfhda zks<Z m%ldYlfhda ùu fï jkdys f,dal lf;da,sl iNdfõ mqÿudldr l%ufõohls' »» j;sldkq c.;a uka;%K iNdfõ óg wjqreÿ 50 g fmr ^1962 Tla 11 & 23 cqjdï mdma jykafia wdrïN 91

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

lsßug fmr f,dalfha fkdfhl=;a rg j, W.;=ka" nqoaëu;=ka" úpdrlhka" »» j;sldkq c.;a uka;%K iNdfõ ksfõok 16 fha ;sfnk fndfyda lreKq .ek l;sld jdo újdo yd ksfõok ksl=;a lrñka isá hq.hla úh' fï ksoyia yd úl,am m%ldYk .ek ìhg m;a jq j;sldkqfõ tjlg n,fha isá ks<Odßka »» j;sldkq c.;a uka;%K iNdjla /iajqfkd;a wkqu; lr hq;= kS;s" ksfõok yd m%ldYk flgqïm;a f,aLk .; lsßug mgka .;ay' »» j;sldkq c.;a uka;%K iNdjg uq¿ f,dalfhaku meñKs rdc.=re m%idÈkajrekaag ;snqfka ta f,i iQodkï l< ,shú,s wkqu; lsßu muKs' tfy;a 23 cqjdñ mdmajykafia ish,a,ka úu;shg m;a l< l%ufõohla l;sldjg wkq.uKh lf<dah' fmr i|yka l< iQodkï l< jd¾;d flgqïm;a wdÈho Wkajykafia uq¿ f,dalfhka j;sldkq wdrdOkd l< rdc.=re jrekao úúO kj woyia bÈßm;a l< who ;=kaf.d,a,ka tla /iaú idlÉPd lr ;SrKh lsßfï kj l%ufõofha m%;sM,h »» j;sldkq c.;a uka;%K iNdj ksfõok 16 h ksl=;a Wfka fï f,isks' frdaufha bf.ksu lrk iufha .re ifydaor ;=fula jYfhka fndfyda foaj,a ,shd tjq uksla uq;=l=udr msh;=ud miq l,l Messenger m;a;rfha l;D ;=ud úh' Third Force kñka úl,am lf;da,sl mqj;a m;la m< l, .re ciaáka fmf¾rd msh;=ud miqj Messenger m;%fha l;D ;=ud f,i m;a lf<ah' ,xld cd;sl lú iïfï<kfhao iNdm;s f,io lsisu ckjkaokd wOHlaI ;=ful=f.ka fyda iNdfjka wjir fkd,nd b;d ckm%sh ls;=kq .S rpkd lrñka isá .re u¾i,ska chfldä msh;=ud —{dkd¾: m%§mfha˜ l;D ;=ud úh' 92

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

cd;sl m;a;rj,g úl,am ls;=kq woyia ,shd ,sms m<

l< isß,a tf~ruq,a, uy;dj ue,alï ldäk,a ysñmdKka fndfyda fia ms,s wrf.k ;sfí' —ls;=ir˜ mqrd úis jirla úl,am ls;=kq m%ldYkhla jYfhka m< ù ;sfí' —ls;=ir˜ ljo;a úl,am u;hla orhs' ,xld lf;da,sl iNdfõ úl,am u; orK yd m%ldY lrk wh b;du;a wvqh' l,ahdfuka úl,am orK whf.a u;hka »» j;sldkq c.;a uka;%K iNfõ ks. m%ldYk 16 h we;=,;a jqkd fia ks, m%ldYk úh yel' iNdfõ ÈhqKqj we;af;a t;ekh' túgh —úfõpkh ÈhqKqjg uÕls˜ lshd udáka úl%uisxy uy;d m%ldY lr ;sfí'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

17 weoys,sjka;hka wjÈ l< lgq igyka ;rx.kS frisld

ls;=ir jir 20 l È.= .uka u.la f.jd we;' th ika;=Iaáodhl lreKls' tfiau m%d;syd¾hhls' nd, iqÿ lvodishl uqøKh jk fï l¿ wl=re je,a j,g háka ieÕù we;af;a r;= m,ia u;ska wd .ukla fkdjk nj wms oksuq' jvd hym;a jQ f,djla fjkqfjka lemjk iq¿ msßilf.a oyÈh" Y%uh" lemlsÍï" mß;Hd.hka jir 20 la mqrd ls;=irg m%dK jdhqj úh' ienE weoys,sjka;hska ;ju;a wm w;r isák njg ls;=ir Ôjudk idCIshls' wd u. fláh' hd hq;= u. fnda ÿrh' tu. kqjKska wjÈfhka hdug ;rï iúu;a" Èßu;a ;dreKHfha .ukls ±ka ls;=ir bÈßfha we;af;a' 94

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir wd È.= .uka u. mqrdu weoys,sjka;hdo ish weoys,a,g idCIs orñka ls;=ir iu. isá nj fkdryils' ienE ls;=kq weoys,a, l=ula ±hs fmkajd fokakg" tu weoys,a, fjkqfjka idCIs orkakg ;u Ôjk w;a±lSfuka" ;ud wik olsk ú¢k w;a±lSï ;=<ska Tyq W;aidy orkafkah' fï weoys,sjka;hd foaYh mqrd ießirkafkah' úúO mqoa.,hska yuqjkafkah' úúO Ôjk w;a±lSï yoj;skau iam¾I lrkafkah' fldfoõfjka tyd f,djo Tyqf.a ksÍCIKfhka ÿria jkafka fkdfõ' fï ish,a, w;r yojf;a u;lfha f.dkq lr .kakd lgq igyka ls;=ir m;a brej, /f|kafkah' ta wm ish,a,kao ienE ls;=kq weoySu ;=< Ôj;a jkq olsk ßisfhks' wfma Y%oaOdj flfia úh hq;= ±hs" l=ula i|yd úh hq;= ±hs fmkajd §ug ish Ôjk w;a±lSï fm< .iajk ls;=kqlu Ôú;hg wNsfhda.hla lr .;a ienE weoys,sjka;fhl=f.a yo.eiau fï lgq igyka ;=< /£ we;' tmuKla fkdfõ" ish¨ iudchSh" foaYmd,k" wd.ñl m%n, ldrKd j;auka foaj Od¾ñl kHdh m;%fhka msgux fjoa§ ta ish,a, ls;=kq weoys,a, ;=< ú.%y úh hq;= nj" wre;a .ekaúh hq;= nj" foaj O¾uh uy fmd<j u; msysgd mSä; ck;dj iu. iÔù úh hq;= nj weoys,sjka;hd ish,a,kaf.a yoj;aj,g lgqjlska wksñka myod fokafkah' ^ fï lgqj fÊiqf.a lgq Tgqkafka lgqjlau úh hq;= hehs ug isf;a' ukaoh;aa th t;rïu ;shqKqh' wNsfhda.d;aulh'& úfgl lgq igyk wNsfhda. lrkafka ls;=kq iNdjgh' wd.ñl kdhl ldrld§kagh' úfgl foaYmd,k kdhlhkagh' kuqÿ fï ish¨u lgq igyka meyeÈ,s wNsfhda.hla t,a, lrkqfha wi wid;a fkdwik" ±l ±l;a fkdolsk" w| f.d¿ ìysß fihska kej .s¨K;a nEka pQka kHdfhka Ôj;a fjk wm ish,a,kaguh' ls;= iajrh f,djg m%ldY l< hq;af;a wm Ôú;fhka nj weoys,sjka;hdf.a lgq igyka ksrka;rfhka wmg isysm;a lr fokafkah' 95

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

weoys,sjka;hdf.a lgq igyka idys;Huh fyda fi!kao¾hd;aul úkaokhla ,nkq i|yd fkdfõ' yDoh idCIsh wjÈ lr .kq i|ydh' tys ni ir,h' kuq;a ir, jpk ;=< ieÕù we;af;a ;shqKq wNsfhda.hls' th ienE yDoh idCIshla we;s jqkaf.a yoj;g wefkk lgqjlau jkafkah' ixfõ§ újD; is;a we;a;jqka ta wefkk lgqfjka mEfrk yoj; jvd;a ffu;%sfhka" i;Hfhka" hqla;sfhka" lreKdfjka iy ffO¾hfhka mqrjd .kafkah' ta jvd hym;a f,djla ks¾udKh lsÍfï Ndr¥r lghq;af;a fldgialrejka jkq i|ydh' ls;=irg uu iqn m;ñ' weoys,sjka;hdg udf.a m%Kduh mqo lrñ' ÿIalr;d /ila ueo jqjo ls;=ir hk .uk foú÷kag m%sh m%ikak njo" foajdYs¾jdo nyq,j ,nk njo uu woyñ' fï fudfydf;a uf.a yDoh idCIsh ug fodia mjrhs' ta ls;=ir .ukg ie,lsh hq;= odhl;ajhla ,nd fkd§u fya;=fjks' ls;=ir m;a;rhla ñ, § .;a muKska fï Kh hqla;sfhka ñÈh fkdyels nj ug jegfyhs' ls;=irg wfma y~" Y%uh" yelshdj" odhl;ajh óg jvd ,nd fokakg úis jirl ls;=ir ixj;airh wm ieug ksy;udkSj werhqï lrhs'

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

18 wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha ukao fmdaIKh .re fkdfh,a l%siaàka meúÈ fidhqßh fÊiq ;=ukaf.a yd ußh ;=ñhf.a ohdfõ fidhqßfhda

j;a; noaog oS weiaig o; kshjñka'''''''˜ osfkka osk w÷re wd.dOhla lrd j;auka wd¾Ólh .uka lrkq ,nhs' ffoksl fyda udisl jegqmla ,nkakd ish Y%uh oyäh njg m;a lrñka ,nkakdjq jegqm lïlrejdf.a wd;auh ;Dma;su;a lrkq ,nhs' tfy;a iS>%fhka by< hk wd¾Ól õIu;djh bosßfha Tjqkaf.a j¾;udkh;a" wkd.;h;a" wõksYaÑ; nj mj;sk iudch wkqj b;d meyeos,sh' wm rfÜ ck;djf.ka fmdfydi;au 20] rfÜ iïm;a j,ska 54] nqla;s úÈk w;r ÿmam;au 20]g ysñjkafka 4] muKs' fmdÿ ck;dj iy f,dalh yuqfõ md,lhska l=uk wdvïnrhla mEjo iudc h:d¾:h wkqj wo Tjqkao ksre;a;rh' ukao ys;lr fkdjk" Tfrd;a;= fkdfok" ixj¾Ok fudv,h ksid hymd,kho wõksYaÑ; ù we;' 97

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

isÿ flfrk ixj¾Ok ñ:Hdj md,lhska úiska wêfõ.S ud¾." jrdh" fk¿ï fmdl=K" fk¿ï l=,qK" .=jka f;dgqm," jeks oejeka; jHdmD;s wrUd we;' wêl úhoï iys; fmdÿ rdcH uKav,Sh ls%vd" whsId" T,sïmsla" jeks oejeka; ld¾hhka j,g w; .i;s' tfy;a fï ish,a, ck;djf.a is; lh iqj msKsi ys;lr tajdo@ jHdmD;Ska ioyd ,nd .kakd Kh uqo,a ixLHd j,ska .Kkh lsÍu myiq jqjo" fmdÿ ck;dj u;" >Dcqju megfjk kdia;sldr fndre úhoï j, nÿ nr b,a,lï .; lsrsu myiq ld¾hhla fkdfõ' wêfõ.S ud¾.fha fkd.sho" ks,a wyfia mshdir fkdl<o" Ôú;fha flosklj;a tajdfha iqj myiqj w;a fkdolsk ÿ.S ÿmam;=ka nyq;rhla ;u nÿ uqo,a ta i|yd ner lr;s' Y%S ,xld .=jka fiajh mdvq ,nk wdh;khla jqjo th kvka;= lghq;= isÿ jkafka uyckhdf.a msysfgks' tfy;a wdYap¾hhl wreuh jkafka ixj¾Okh jk wm rfÜ wju m%jdyk myiqlï ke;s" mdksh c,h" úÿ,sh" frday,a myiqlï" mdi,a fkdue;s .ï okõ ;sfnkafk;a fuu wdYap¾hu;a ,xldfõ ùuh' f;a" fmd,a" rn¾" ù ksIamdok l%ufhka ;=rka lrùu;a" we.¨ï l¾udka;" õfoaY /lshd" ixpdrl jHdmdr fmrg f.k tau;a iu. wm lïlre m%cdjo õYd, fjkilg nÿka úh' w;HdjYH ish,q NdKavj, ñ, is>%fhka by< wefooaoS lïlre jegqm muKla fkdie,l= md,lhska ck;djf.a oefjk .eg¿j,g fok õiÿu l=ulao@ fï jk úg f;a" fmd,a" õ j.djka b;d nrm;, w¾nqohl mj;S' iSñ; myiqlï" kvka;= uqo,a" idOrK ñ,la fyda jákdlula fkdue;slu ksIamdokh bosrsfha w;ruxjq f.dõ" êjr" m%cdj kj l¾udka;hkays l=,S lrejka njg bfíu m%fõY jqKs' —ishd;=fõ ud ñ;=f¾ w| l=Tqrg wd, jvk ishd;=fõ'''''˜ tf,iska .dhl iqks,a toßisxy uy;d Tjqkaf.a lDIS Ôú; rgdj ;=, jq ksIamdok yelshdj wysñùu ms<snoj iudchg mq¾úldjla ;enqjo ld,fha je,s ;,dfjka th hgm;aù f.disks' 98

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wE; tmsg lDIS .ïudkhkays ujqmsh jrekaf.a ÿjd orejka k.rhg ixl%uKh ùu;a j;auka wdfhdack l,dmhg fodr.=,q újr ùu;a lDISld¾ñl Ôú;fha wjika m%;sM,hhs' ;j;a msßila úfoaY /lshd fidhd ujqìfuka kslïKS' ÿorejka mjq,a ixia:dfjka tfia neyerjq úg Tjqkg úúO w;jr ÿla. eyeg ù§ug isÿùu wog;a fÄokSh fkdfõo@ wdndê; j fyda m%dKh ksreoaO u< isrere fjiska .=jkska fu rgg f.dv nysoa§ wm rfÜ j.lsj hq;= wdh;k ufâ ysgjq bks fuka ls%hd lrk yeá wms fkdolsuqo@ ish oyäh yd l÷¿ uqo,a njg yrjd furgg tjk úfoaY úksuh Wmhd fok Tjqkaf.a yo .eiaug Ôú; .eg¿j,g ijka fokafka ljqrekao@ j¾;udkfha wdfhdack l,dmfha miqìuo fï yd iudkh' ksoyia fj<o l,dmhg fodr.=¿ újr jqjo tys Wmrsu ,dN m%fhdack fkajdisld.dr ysñhka yd fj<o ie,a ysñhkag ysñjq w;r há;, myiqlï ioyd wjia:djka m%foaYjdiSkag ner lsßu ie,iqï .;j isÿj we;' we.¿ï l¾udka;fha fhÈ isák fiaúldjkaf.aka 68] lg f,a ys.;djfhka fmf,k nj jd¾;d jQKd" Bg fya;= ú we;af;a kshñ; wdydr fõ, fkd.ekSu' fmdaIH odhl wdydr fkd.eksu yd fkd±kqj;a Ndjhhs" f.dú ìñj, ksoyia csú;hla f.jñka ;=kafõ,u n;a m;ska osú f.jq fuu fh!jkshkaf.ka nyq;rhla rla; ySk;djfhka fmf<;s' jd¾Isl ldka;d oskfha wNsudkh lshd mdkakg foda Tjqkaf.a cSú;j, j.lSu fuf,i hlv fm;a;lska ,>q l< yelso@ ldka;d oskh ksñ;af;ka ixúOdkhjq W;aij" ieKfl,s fujro fndafyda úh' fïjd ksfhdackh l< tla foaYmd,lfhl=j;a fudjqkg wod< ud;Dldjla ksñ;s lr .ksñka meje;ajq foaYkhla ke;' fmdÿ ñksid $ .eyeKsh iemj;a Ôú;hla˜ fjkqjg Ôú;h ú|jñka isákd nj wms oksuq' 99

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

cSjk úhou wyi Wig tla mjq,lg udislj remsh,a 7500la iEfya hehs jyis nia fodvk foaYmd,k ue;s weu;sjrekag ;u iqL úyrKh Wfoid jeh jkafkao fmdÿ ck;dj i;= uqo,a nj wu;l ú we;' cSjk úhou uq¿ uy;a iudchgu fmdÿ .eg¿jls' wo jk úg Y%ñlhdf.a w¾: idOl uqo,go lK fldld yvñka ys`Èhs' ksoyia fj<o l,dmfha frdfIaka pdkl" y,dj; êjr weka;kS mqkdkaÿ uy;=ka fjkqfjka fudjqkaf.a j.lSu flfia bIag jqkso@ wd¾Ól j¾Okhla yUd hk fï .ufka§ kS;sh wjkS;sh fjñka" ñksialu fkdñksialu jk úg iodpdrh bfíu jekiS hk wdldrho" wms olsuq' 30 jirl l=ßre hqoaOh wms wjika lf<uq' hqoaOfha ìh wyjrj we;" rg ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;S" iS>%fhka wd¾Ól j¾Okhla ,nñka ysosuq' ujq ìfï kdufhka ish¨q foa Tn ord .; hq;=hhs' kq;k udOHho ;r.ldrs f,i laIKsl ri úkaokh iudc.; lrñka isá' b;sx wms wdYap¾hu;a foaYfha isg fï ish,a, foi n,d isáuqo@ fï ixj¾Ok ls%shdj,sh fudk Èidjg wmj f.k hhso@ wd¾Ól j¾Ok fõ.h .ek md,lhska mjihs' rg ;=, wd¾Ól j¾Ok fõ.h 8] olajd by, ke. we;ehs md,lhskaf.ka ks;r wmg wikakg ,enqko" iEu mjq,lgu tu wd¾Ól j¾Okfha m%fhdackh ,efnkafka keye' tal mqoa., wdodhu fvd,¾ 2000 hhs lsh;s' kuq;a ck.ykfhka 40] Èklg Wmhkafka fvd,¾ follg wvq uqo,la' tkï remsh,a 240 wvq m%udKhls' mj;sk fï ixj¾Okh ksid ck;djf.a fi!LH ;;ajh msßfyk njg ksoiqka tug we;' <uqkaf.ka mia fofkl=f.ka tla wfhl=g WmÈkfldg kshñ; nr keye' jhi wjqreÿ 5ka my, <ud ck.ykfhka 29] lg kshñ; nr keye' kqjrt<sh nÿ,a, fudkrd., jeks iuyr ÿIalr m,d;aj,j, ;;ajh óg jvd wi;=gqodhlhs' hqksfiama jd¾;d wkqj .eìks uõjrekaf. ka 30'3] ukao fmdaIKfhka fmf,k nj lshefõ' 100

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wo N=.; c,h ck;djg wysñ fjñka mj;S niakdysr m,d; ,xldfõ ÈhqKqu m%foaYh jYfhka .; yel kuq;a fuu ÈhqKq m%foaY j, mdkh ioyd iqÿiq m%foaYhla fidhd .; yelso@ r;au,dk tal, iy lgqkdhl m%foaYj, N+.; c,h b;d oreKq wdldrhlg ¥IKh ù we; fï ;;ajh tu m%foaYj, mj;sk fi!LH m%YaKhls ueojÉÑh" moúh" W!j jeks lDIsld¾ñl m%foaYj, ixj¾Okfha m%;sM,hla jYfhka N=ñh úiù ;sfí' fï fya;=fjka tu m%foaYj, úYd, ixLHdjlg tkï 50000 g muK jl=.vq frda. je<§ we;ehs lshefõ' óg fya;=j lDIs ;dlaIkh hhs mÍlaIK j,ska fy,sú ;sfí' kuq;a ;ju;a tu ;dlaIKh fhoúu k;r ú ke;' ixj¾Ok ñ;Hdj kï oyia .Kklf.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh msßyS .sho ixj¾Okh È.gu isÿfõ' ixj¾Okfha ;j;a m%;sM,hla jYfhka fld<T iy uykqjr wd§ k.r j, <uqka yd jeäysáhka w;r iajik frda." weÿu" leiai jeks frda. j,ska fmf,k ixLHdj jeä ùu ie,lsh yel' fï ;;ajh Èfkka Èk W.% fjñka mj;S' jdyk j,ska msgjk ÿqu ksid fï ;;ajhg fya;=j jYfhka fidhdf.k we;' mdie,a <uqka ks;r ks;r ffjoH m%;sldr .eksug isÿjk ksid Tjqkaf.a wOHmkhg o fuu ;;a;ajh ndOdjla ú ;sfí' fndajk frda.j,g jvd fnda fkdfjk frda. ksid ck;djf.a fi!LH ;;ajh msßfyk nj o lsj hq;=fõ' yDo wndO" ms<sld" Èh jeähdj wdÈ frda. ;;ajhkaj, j¾Okhla fmfkkag ;sfí' Èklg fndafkdfjk frda. ksid 250 muK urK isÿjk nj ffjoH jd¾;dj, iyyka fõ' ck.ykfhka 10] g Èh jeähd frda.fhka fmf<k nj ffjoH u;hhs' fudk ;rï frda.S ixLHdj j¾Okh jqjo wo rcfha frday,a j, úYd, fnfy;a ys.hla mj;S" fnfy;a yd ffjoH WmlrK j¾. 70 muK ys.hla mj;sk nj miq.shod jd¾:d jqks" 101

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ixj¾Okfha kdufhka úúO úkdYhka isÿfjñka mj;S' j¾I 1950 § Y%S ,xldfõ jkdka;r m%udKh 44] ;snKs 1983 § 27]la úh 1992 § 23'9] olajd wvq ù ;sfí fuf,i jkdka;r fy,s lsrsu ksid isÿjk mrsir úkdYh ck;djf.a fi!LHhg yd rfÜ wd¾Ólhg flfia n,mdhso@ wjqreÿ 2500 l wNsudkj;a b;sydihla ;sfnk rgl flf,io ldka;djka f.a YÍrh hqoaO .skafkka weúf,kafka hkak ienE m%Yakhls' cd;sjdofhka ysi Wÿïud.;a —ñksidj˜" ifydaor;ajh kikakg —ujqìu˜ m,sy lr.;a foaYfma%óka hhs lshd .ksñka whqla;sh iy widOdrkh wksis n,y;aldr lñka rc lrjk iudchl oñ, l; ish oyia .=Khla úÈkd w;jr yd m%YaKhka by; lS ÿIaáfhla Tng ±l n,d .eksug yels kï th ieneúkau Tnf.a Èjeis ld¾h jkq fkdwkqudkh' fhidhd 58$6-7 mohkays lshefjk Wkajykafiag m%ikak Wmjdih wo iudch ;=, wmf.a Ôú;fha w¾:. ekaùfï ld¾h wmf.a ¥; fufyjr kï wksjd¾fhkau W;=r kef.kysr muKla fkdj ,xldj mqrd isák oñ, ck;djf.a ÿla wfodakdjka o fuu w¨;a weiska ±lSu jà' W;=r kef.kysr ck;dj o wka ck fldgia fukau ;ukag wdfõksljQ hï hï iïm%odhka yd ñ;Hdjkays isrú isák nj fkdryils' tu rduqj ìo .ksñka iene Wmjdifha .uka u.g Tjqkgo wj;Srk jkakg ienE ia;%S;ajhg ;sôß f.hla jkakg — ls;=irg˜ yelsfõjdhs uu m;ñ' ish,q i;ajfhda ksÿla fj;ajd" kSfrda.S fj;ajd" iqjm;a fj;ajd" ÿlska ñfo;ajd" osfkka osk wmf.a cSú;" mjq," iudch fj,d .kak wd¾:sl ixj¾Ok ñ:Hdfjka fulS i;Hhg flfia kus wjos fjuqo@ —i;H m;=,ska .,kd msrsisÿ jpk fldfyo we;af;a .;dkq.;slj mejf;k isrsf;a ure l;rg jeos,d ks¾u, c, Odrdj ;¾lfha is£ .s,S fkd.sfha tfyjq ksoyfia iaj¾. rdcHhg udf.a foaYh wjos lrkq uek mshdfKkS˜ 102

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

19 ls;=ir .uka u. I¾,s úfÊisxy - uydpdrhh le,Ks úYaj úµd,h

ls;=ir mqj;am; ls;=ir m%;smodfõ m%ldYkhla hehs uu is;ñ' mqj;am;g úis jirla imsfrk fudfydf;a ta ms<snò flá igyklao ls;=ir m%;smodj ms<snò woyia lsysmhlao bÈßm;a lrkq leue;af;ñ' mqj;am; ms<snò iudf,dapkhla kQ;k ls;=Kq oyu" idu wOHhkh"iudc ú.%yh" mqj;am;a l,dfõoh" isxy, NdIdj yeisrùu jeks wxY ms<snòj ±k W.;a úúO úoaj;=kaf.ka fukau mdGlhkaf.kao úuik neõ weiqfjñ' th m%fhdackj;a jk nj ksielh'ls;=ir bÈß .ufka§ mqj;am; m<lsÍfï ,d —o geí,Ü˜ — THE TABLET˜ i`.rdfjka bf.k .; yels oE fndfydah' l%s' j' 1840 jif¾ § uq,skau m< lrk ,o fuu wka;¾cd;sl lf;da,sl i`.rdj ^Weekly& l¾;D;ajhg b;d jákd wdlD;shla jkq we;' 103

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir m%;smodjg odhl jQ ;reKhska lsysm fofkl= ug m<uqjrg yuq jQfha jir 23 lg fmrh' ta .re iqks,a l=udr msh;=udf.a fydrK óiï .Dyfha§h' .re ñ,an¾.d meúÈ fidfydhqßh úiska wdrdOkd ,ÿj uu o tu yuqjg iyNd.S ùñ' ud u;lhg wkqj Bg iyNd.S jQjka w;r úð;a" uyskao" óuk iy úl%u fidhqfrdao jQy' wkkH;djg idlaIH ±Ífï § Wmßuh lrd hEug ls;=ir fidfydhqfrda W;aidy ±rEy' ;reK le,la tjka mshjrlg wj;S¾K ùu fiiq wmg uy;a wNsfhda.hls' tu idlaIH ±Íu fjkia Ôjk u`.ls' th wmg kqyqre kqmqreÿ u`.la úh yelsh' ls;=ir .ukau`. ms<snò miq úmrul§ wkdjrKh jk ±yeñ ux fndfyda h' W;=relrfha fukau ol=fKa ck wr., j,g uq,ajQ widOdrK iudc jHqy ls;=ir ;reKfhda y`ÿkd .;ay' tmuKla fkdj úi`ÿï fidhd l%shd;aul jQy' isxy, oñ< ikaOdkh" iq¿mkak ëjr ck;djf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï" rg ueo jik È<s`ÿ f.dú ck;dj iy ëjr ckhd w;r iïnkaO;d f.dv ke.Su" ls;=Kq - fndÿkq ixjdoh" rgg Tìk wOHdmkh iy orejka iqu`.g fhduq lsÍu" wka;¾cd,h iy rEmjdyskS udOH u`.ska <ud Ôú; w.;sh lrd f.k hk wjia:d hk ±fjk m%Yak j,g Tjqyq wjOdkh fh¥y' tu jHdhduh yqÿ wOHd;añl ke;fyd;a m%;smoduh .ukla ^Spiritual Journey& f,i Tõyq ÿgy' Tjqkaf.a l%sia;shdks idlaIH jQfha ksnò lemùu iy w,afmaÉP;djh /lSug .;a Wmßu W;aidyh fõ' iq¿mkak ëjrhkaf.a wr.,hg Wr §u iy W;=re - ol=Kq îsxy, - fou< & ixjdoh Ôú;h mrÿjg ;nd fyda l%sia;shdks leòùug wjk; ùu ms<snò wjia:d folls' ls;=ir f.dvkef.kafka ysiaj" md¿j ;snQ fmdf<djl fkdfõ' l%sia;shdks lïlre ifydaor;ajh" foajirKdrduh" iudch yd iduhsl flakaøh" ls;=ok mqnqÿj" if;Hdaoh" ;=,k m¾fhaIK wdh;kh" iqnfi;a f.or fukau ls;=ir o úisjk ishjfiys foajOd¾ñl kfjdaofha m%;sM,hls' úisjk ishjfia foajOd¾ñl kj;djh c.;a l%sia;shdks iNd iïfï,kh ^World Council of Churches& ^1948& iy fojk 104

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

j;sldk l;sldj ^1962-65& u.ska u,am, .ekaúKs' l%sia;shdksh kQ;k ñksia iudchg wod, lr.ekSu úisjk ishjfiys iNd kfjdaofha m%Odk wruqK úh' tu wruqK idlaId;a lr .ekSu iòyd f.dv ke.=Kq Y%S ,dxflah lKavdhï yd jHdmdr ^movements& w;ßka ls;=ir iqúfYaI jkafka th ;reK jHdhduhla ùuh wjxllu" úksúo Ndjh" /äl,ajd§ l%shdldß;ajh" ish¿ oE m%Yak lsÍu" laIKsl úi`ÿï b,a,d isàu jeks ;dreKHfha .=Kdx. ls;=ir i;= úh' wjxllu iy úksúoNdjh iEu úgu Okd;aulh' tfy;a laIKsl úi`ÿï b,a,d isàu we;eï úg ia:dfkdaÑ; fkdúh yelsh'by; lS ;dreKHfha .=Kdx. ls;=ir lKavdhug fukau iudchg n,mE wdldrh ms<snò fiú,a, Tjqkagu mjrñ' ks, l%sia;shdks iNd ^úfYaIfhka frdaudkq lf;da,sl ks, iNdj& iu. ixjdohla f.dv ke.Sug fkdyels ùu ls;=ir .ukauf`.ys wvqmdvqjla f,i olsñ' u;jdo l=ula fyda fõjd" tlu Y=oaO jQ lf;da,sl ^úYaj& wfmdaia;,sl iNdfõ" tlu weoys,af,ys msysgqjd isákafka kï tlu iyNd.s;ajhla ;sìh hq;=h' ta ;=< ixjdoh ir, úh hq;=h' th idlaId;a lr .ekSfï u`. ls;=ir fukau ks, iNdo Ñ;a;dj¾ckhg fhduq ùuhs' foaj rdcHh iòyd lemùfï úúO;ajh ±lSuhs'tlsfkldf.a wvqmdvq iu`. tlsfkld ms<s.ekSuhs' olaI" oñgq mqoa.,hka fukau ±yeñ wdh;ko fj<d. kakd fuishdkq udkfhka ^messianic complex& ñ§ug ksr;=rej wjÈj isàu fhda.Hh' —uf.ka " wfmka "wm wdh;kfhka" wm ixúOdkfhka" wm iNdfjka f;dr úuqla;shla fkdue;'˜ hkak fuishdkq udkfha is;=ú,a,ls' tu mÍlaIdj ch.; yelafla neyem;a ùfuks' tÈfkod ls;=ir fufyjr foú`ÿkaf.ka ,oaolao yqÿ ñksia m%h;akhlao hkak nhsn,Sh m%;smodj k.k m%Yakhls' ta ms<snò ksnò fidaÈishla lsÍu jeo.;ah' ^discernment of spirits& tu`.ska ls;=ir fufyjr ksrka;rfhka Y=oaOj;a jkq we;' 105

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

fojk j;sldk l;sldj wd.ï b;sydifha ^History of iqúfYaI lvbuls' iNdfõ Y=oaO;ajh" fufyjr" fiajh" kQ;k f,dalh iu. in`o;dj" l%sia;shdks iNd w;r iduhsl;ajh" wka;¾ wd.ñl ixjdoh" udkj ksoyi jeks oyul fm%!V;ajh iy Wodr;ajh fy<sjk ±jeka; Ñka;khlg újD; ùug fojk j;sldk l;sldjg yels úh' Bg uq,a jQfha ldf,daÑ; w;a±lSï msß úis;=kajk cqjdï iqÿ mshdKkaf.a kdhl;ajhhs' ;sr weoys,a,lska imsreKq t;=fuda th Y=oaOd;au wdkqNdjhla f,i ÿgy' tjka Wodr;ajfha m%;smodjla úYajlrKh wrnhd iyNd.s;ajhla ^Fellowship& m;d ;sr weoys,af,ka wog l< hq;= foa fkdmsßfy<d bgq lsÍu oyï uf.ys msysgqjd isàuls' È.ska È.gu tf,i oyï uf.ys msysgqjd isàug ls;=irg Èßh" iúh ,efíjd hhs m;ñ' religions&

106

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

20 ls;=irg yrir tia' Ô' mqxÑfyajd - kS;S{

—ls;=oyfu úuqqla;s yrh u;= lrkq i`oyd˜ hk jelsh —ls;=ißka˜ ,o werhqï ,smsfhys ÿgqu;ska wmsg yskd my< úh' ulaksido@ —mõldßhg .,a .id urd ±óu˜ m%cd;ka;%jdohhs lshk rgl| —lsisúg jrola fkdl< flfkl= m<uq ., .idjd˜hs lSu rdcH úfrdaë" ;%ia;jd§ m%ldYhla jk rgl" úl,am mqj;am;la hkq udOH wdh;kh .sks .ekSula fyda iqÿ jEka ixpdrhla úh yels fyhsks' oyfï yrh fidhd hdu wd.ug úreoaO ;%ia;jd§ l%shdjls' wd.ñl kdhlfhda mdmsIaGhka isxydikfha ;eîug Wkaf.a ke;s .=K jk;s' wmg jeÈ nK foi;s' Pkaoh n,fha ydislñka ñkSurefjda .re weu;sjrefj;s' uyck foafmd, fld,a,lkafkda W;=fuda fj;s' lmamrla fndre lshkafkda i;a.=Kj;=;ao jkakdy' rgg we;s ;rï wd¾Ól" iudc" ixialD;sl úm;a we;s l< wh cd;sl ùrfhda fj;s' fun¥ iudchl isÿjk lssisjla isÿ fkdjk nj iy isÿ fkdjk foa isÿ jk nj lSu úoHQ;a" uqøs; 107

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ish¨ udOHhkays rdcmlaINdjh fõ' f.drl ovuia lsÍfï udOH l,dfõ fkdfhfok úl,am m;a;rhla mj;ajd .ekau wNS; wNsfhda.hls' úis jirla tfia meje;au .ek ls;=irg mdGl yrir fkduoj ysñ úh hq;=h' wfma rfÜ m;a;r le/Ügqj t;rï m%ikak ke;' lsf,da m;a;rj,ska ;=kald,lg;a jvd ±kaùïh' tajd mqjla m;a ñi mqj;a m;a fkdfõ' tfyõ jgmsgdjl ±kaùï ke;s m;a;rhla l< yelafla iEfyk mdGl msßila isáfhd;a muKs' 2011-09-14 Èk —Èjhsk˜ isrila Wmqgd oklajñka ls;=ir iskdfihs' —mlsia;dkfha fvx.= u`äkak wfma ffjoH lKavdhula˜ mdGlhdg .eg¿j jkafka iskdish hq;af;a fudk fldkskao lshdh' yÈis kS;sh" cd;sjd§ foaYmd,kh" 13 jk ixfYdaOkh l%shd;aul fkdlsÍu wdÈhg È.gu úreoaO u;hla ±Ífuka —ls;=ir˜ foaYfødayS .khg jefgkafka ´kElñkah' i;H fjkqfjka y`vke.Su fuf,dajYfhka Nhdkhh' tf,da jYfhka iaj¾..dóh' mdi,l orejkag § we;s jo ysxid .ek ls;=ir mjikafka" mdm;r id;ka mdi,g m;aùula ,nd we;s nj wÕjñks' l%sia;=ia jykaiæ Tn jykafia orejka flfrys oelajQ wmßñ; wdorhg .=reid;ka,d o`vqjñ lr;s' —wmg hqla;sh Èh,a,d˜ hs lS ;reKhskag —fukak fjä ldm,a,d˜ hs wdKAvqj lS nj;a" th l< nj;a ls;=ir meyeÈ,s lrkafka mSä;hdf.a llshk fõokdjg iajrkdohla tla lrñks' b;ska ls;=iræ Tn fuf;la fhÿKq fufyjr lemhæ idOqhæ Tfydu huq'

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ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

21 mdmfhka ó§u fjkqjg mdmh iuÕ ikaOdk.; ùu isâks udlia vhia - idys;Hfõ§

ls;=KQjl= jqjo fmdah odg tl rEmjdyskS nKla fyda weiSu uf.a mqreoaols. we;eï Èkfhl nK weiSu fjkqjg oyï idlÉPdjlg lkafoñ. oyï idlÉPdfõ úfYAI;ajh kï ksfõolhl= iajdóka jykafia flfkl= iómfha isg úúO m%Yak weiSuhs. túg iajdóka jykafia ms<s;=re fo;s. úfYaIfhkau fm!oa.,sl kd,sldj, fï O¾u idlÉPdjg jäk iajdóka jykafia ckms%h iÕrejkls. ta iómfha isák ksfõolhd fyda ksfõÈldjo tfiauh. Tyq fyda weh ksfõol ;rejla fyda ;drldjls. weh fyda Tyq udifha wka fndfyda Èkj, wm olskafka l=ula fyda fj<| wdh;khl wkq.%yfhka b;d nd, ckms%h uÜgfï rEmjdyskS jevigyka bÈßm;a lrkafkl= fyda bÈßm;a lrkakshl f,ih. .%dyl ck;dj bÈßfha yqr;,a fjñka f;dfod,a fjñka iydhl ksfõol fyda ksfõÈldj iuÕ rEmjdyskS leurdj bÈßfha 109

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

TÜgq fi,a,ï lrñka w;sYh wdl¾YkSh f,i kj fhdjqka .%dylhka wukaodkkaohg m;a lrjk Tyq fyda weh ksfõolhl= kï fjkodg ysr l,siu;a mmqj fmfkk fia fnd;a;ï fkdmshjQ w;a fldggu keuQ yeÜg lñihlao we| isákafkls. ksfõÈldjl kï mshhqre iEfyk muKla ksrdjrKh jQ we÷ula we| wÕmiÕ fydÈka fjka ù fmfkk fia ysr l,siula we|.;a f,yd oeuQ fldkavh úkdählg yeg j;djla muK w;ska ilik isxy, jdlH rgdjg bx.S%is jpk hyñka ouñka l:d nfya fhfokakshls. fulS ksfõol ;rejla fyda ksfõol ;drldjla fmdah odg iajdókajykafia flfkla wi, iïm%Þhsl iqÿ weÿñka ieriS oï iNd uKavmh fufyhùu .%dylhdg wmQre W;al¾Ihla fyda W;af;achla we;s lrjkakls. Ôú;h *DDÜ ie,âlrKhg ,la lsÍu by; jev igyka n,d isák uu fujeks O¾u ikaksfõokhlska .%dylhdg ,ndfok iDcq ikaksfõokh .ek fukau jl% ikaksfõokh .ek o l,amkd lrñ. udifha fiiq ish¨u ojiaj, fjf<kaokag wjYH wdldrhg wÈk m<¢k l:dlrk yqr;,a fjk ksfõol ksfõÈldfjda fmdah odg iÕ rejkg tl;amia ù O¾u idlÉPd fufyhjk úg tu idlÉPdfõ we;eï oyï lreKq iDcqj ikaksfõokh lrkq ,efí. oïiNd uKavmh wjika jQ jyd fyda ta w;rueo m%pdrh lrkq ,nk —fldu¾I,a fí%la˜ fj<| oekaùï j<ska tu O¾u ldrKdj ksfYAOkh lr oeóu fjku l:djls. tys§ jvd wod, jkafka w;ayeÍu fyda fnod.ekSu ms<sn| weiQ nqÿnKo fkdtfia kï je<| .ekSu fyj;a nod.ekSu mss<sn| fj<| m%pdr fm<Uùu oehs l,amkd lsÍuo u.fkdyeßh hq;a;ls. tys§ udifha fiiq ish¨ Èkhkays ;uka ys;+ ys;+ wdldrfhka yeisÍ fmdah odg is,ajf;l= fyda is,aj;shl njg m;a ùfï N+ñldj wmg wdo¾Ykh lrkafka fmrlS ksfõÈldj fyda ksfõolhd úisks. fï ;=<ska isÿ flfrk jl% ikaksfõokh b;d nrm;, fukau n,mEï iy.; nj uf.a l,amkdjhs. th oyï ;drldjla foik oyï lreKq j,g jvd m%n, n,mEula .%dyl iudchg úfYaIfhkau kj 110

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

fh!jkhkag lrk nj uf.a yeÕSuhs. Ôú;h fyd| iy krl folu tlg lj,ï jQ i,dohla f,i mj;ajdf.k hd yels nj fuu udOH Ndú;dj wmg lshdmdhs. fuh fuf;la wmg b.ekajQ wm weoyQ mqreId¾:hka lKmsg yerùuls. by; woyi Èkla uu uf.a {d;s orefjl= fj; bÈßm;a lf<ñ. Tyq uf.a woyi ;on, f,i iuÉp,hg ,lalrñka uf.a woyi m%;slafIam lf<ah. Tyq lshd isáfha ñksfyla jqKdu ta yeu ;eklgu .e,fmk úÈyg bkak mq¿jka úh hq;= njh. fuh fndfyda fh!jkhkaf.a woyi nj uu ;j;a tjka wjia:dj,§ ;yjqre lr.;sñ. úmß;h od¾Ykslj f;areï .ekSu by; woyi od¾Ykslj ú.%y lr .ekSu i|yd ug wjYH jQfhka uu wdpd¾h áhqv¾ ùrisxyhka ,shQ — f.da,Sh iudch yd tys u;jdoh ˜ kï jQ lD;sh lsheùñ. ,sms tl;=jla jQ tys Y=úfYAI ,smshla jQ — mYapdoa kQ;kjdofha ft;sydisl brKu ˜ kï jQ ,smsfha Wmqgd.;a fldgia lSmhla fuys nyd,kafka ud f.dvke.Sug woyia lrk ixjdoh i|yd ta ;=<ska w;sYh jeo.;a u;jd§ mokula f.dvk.d .; yels neúks. mYapdoa kQ;kjd§ iudcfha jvd;a me;=reKq pß;hla jYfhka ;reK kd.ßl jD;a;slhd ( Yuppie - Young Urban) ye¢kaúh yelsh. Ôú;fha hïlsis id¾:l;ajhla ,nd.;a uOHu mdx;sl ;reKfhla jk Tyq lsisu — nqoaêjd§ ixlS¾K;ajhlska ˜ fkdfmf<hs. Tyq j¾;udk YsIagdpdrfha iem myiqlï iïmQ¾Kfhkau ms<s.kakd w;r mS%;sfhka Ôj;a fõ. Tyq .ug jvd k.rfha Ôj;a ùug jeä leue;a;la olajhs. fuu iudcfha Ôj;ajk ;j;a úfYAI me;=reKq pß;hla jkafka Zumbi, Fetish hs fudyq uq¿ukskau hdka;s%lj ls%hdlrk ie,iqï lrk ,o jev igyklg wkqj ls%h;aul jk mqoa.,fhls. lsisu mqoa.,sl .=Khka rys; iajdëkj l,amkd l< fkdyels meje;auls. — fmdÿ ckuh ˜ mqoa.,fhls. 111

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

mYapd;a kQ;k iudcfha úfYaI ,laIKhla jkafka wruqKqj,g jvd wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSfï ud¾. m%uqLia:dkhla f.k ;sîuh. fï hgf;a uy hq. wruqKq iïnkaOj mj;sk jqjukdjka muKla fkdj idudkH wruqKq flfrys we;s Wkkaÿj o fõ.fhka wvq ùfï m%jk;djla o olakg ,efí. kQ;k iudcfha mqreId¾:hla ^ jákdlula & jQ wruqKq mYapd;a kQ;k iudch ;=< th ;j ÿrg;a mqreId¾:hla fkdfõ. fuhg uQ,sl fya;=j wkd.; iudch ms<sn| jQ mqreId¾: yd mrudo¾Y ì| jeàuhs. fï ish,a, Ôú;h yd f,dalh ms<sn| Y+kHjd§ iy Yajkjd§ wdl,amhla yev .iajkafkah. iïm%Þhsl iodpdrd;aul m%;sudk yd jákdlï mqreId¾: m%;slafIAm lsÍu ;=< mYapd;a kQ;kjd§ iudch ;=< iqLmrujd§ uQ,O¾uh mokï fldgf.k wdpdrO¾u fi!kao¾h njg m¾j¾;kh fõ. iudcfha uq,a ;ekg ixfõokd;aul iy ldhsl mS%;sh meñfKa. mYapd;a kQ;k iudcfha Ôj;a jk ñksid mQ¾K jYfhka j¾;udkh ;=< Ôj;a jk w;r fyg oji ms<sn|j jeä ie,ls,a,la olajkq fkd,efí. wkd.;h ms<sn|j Tyqg woyia ke;s ;rïh. Ôú;fha uqLH mrudo¾Yh jYfhka jD;a;shuh iy uQ,Huh ch.%yK wfmalaId lrk w;r tajdfha m%;sM, ish ðú;fha wjidkfha § fkdj yels ;rï blaukska ,nd.; hq;=h. jD;a;suh iy uQ,Huh ch.%yK mYapd;a kQ;k ñksidf.a wd;aufha flakaøSh wjYH;djla jk w;r ta i|yd Tyq ´kEu Ôú; uQ,O¾uhlg mgyeksj hdug iQodkïh. ud¾áka Æ;¾ 16 jk j¾Ifha m%ldY lf<a — ud fï ia:djrfha bkafka fjk úêhlg fkdyels ksidh. Bg Y; j¾I ;=klg miqj ls%lf.da¾ lSfõ — ;ud bkafka T¿fjkao fomhskao fkdokakd njhs ˜ kuq;a — ;udg fldfy;a fldfydu;a bkak mqq¿jka ˜ hkak mYapdoa kQ;kjdÈhdf.a ia:djrh fõ. mYapd;a kQ;k iudch ;=< ú,dis;d iS>%fhka jHdma; jk w;r th iudch ;=< wêm;s njla Wiq,hs. ú,dis;d mYapd;a kQ;k ixialD;sfha ks¾udKd;aul idOlhla muKla fkdj th mYapd;a kQ;k iudc Ôú;fha kHIaáh jYfhka bÈßm;a jk nj iuyr ngysr úpdrlfhda mji;s. m%d.a 112

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

mYapd;a kQ;kjd§ iudch ;=< wd.u, úoHdj, o¾Ykh, nqoaêh bgq l< ld¾hNdrh mYapd;a kQ;k iudch ;=< ú,dis;d u.ska bgq lrkq ,efí. ckudOHfõoh yd ú,dis;d keue;s ms%iauh ;=<ska fkd.sh lsisjla mYapd;a kQ;k iudcfha ixialD;sfha ix>glhla njg m;a fkdfõ. fï ;;a;ajh fldf;la ÿrg j¾Okh ù ;sfío h;a, úoHd;aul kHdhka yd ixl,am mjd iudcfha ms<s.ekSug m;aùug kï tajd wka ieugu l<ska ú,dis;d njg m;aúh hq;=h. fndfyda úg tajdf.a jákdlu r|dmj;skafka tajdfhys wNHka;r YlH;djka ksid fkdj, ndysr ld¾hlaIu;djh iy wdl¾IKh ksidh. mYapd;a kQ;kjdofha ;j;a jeo.;a ,laIKhla jkafka rx.SlrKhhs. fuh Ôú;fha ish¨u lafIA;% lrd me;sf¾. iudc Ôú;fha ish¨u jdf.a ie,lsh hq;= isÿùï m%o¾Ykd;aul, rx.Sluh iajNdjhla ,nd.kS. foaYmd,kh mjd rx.SlrKhg iy m%o¾YkSlrKhg ,lajk w;r foaYmd,kh ls%hdldÍ iy nrm;, ld¾hl isg f>daIdldÍ m%oa¾Ykd;aul ixfõ§ lghq;a;la njg mßj¾;kh fõ. fï ksid mYapd;a kQ;k iudch ;=< úma,ùh mßj¾;khla lrd hdug ;sfnk YlH;dj YS>% f,i wvq jkafkah. Bg fya;=j jkafka tu iudcfha tjeks úma,ùh fjkialï lrkakg wjYH n,fõ. fkdue;s ùu;a, wod< iudcfha Ôj;a jk whg tu iudch fjkia lsÍfï wjYH;djla iy jqjukdjla fkdue;slu;ah. f.da,Sh kHdh m;%fha f.dÿre njg m;aùu. by; ú.%yhg wkqj wm fï f.jñka isákafka mYapd;a kQ;k iudc wÈhrlh. ta ;=< isÿjk fjkialï ksfYAokSh fukau we;eï úfgl idOkSho fõ. mYapdoa kQ;kjd§ lÒldj f.jqKq ld,h ;=< YS% ,dxlSh iudch ;=<o oeä u;jd§ l<ne.ekshla we;s l< nj ienEjls. thg tlÕ jQ msßia fukau úreoaO jQ who fndfydah. fndfyda msßiaj,g ;uka isgf.k isákafka T¿fjkao fomhskaohs jgyd .; fkdyelsh mYapdoa kQ;kjdoh u;jdohla f,i f,dalh ;=< jHdma; ùug f.da,ShlrK idOlh bjy,a jQ nj ms<s.;a i;Hhls. f.da,ShlrKh nyqcd;sl iud.ï jHdma; ùfï 113

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M,hls. nyqcd;sl iud.ï jHdma;ùu hkq ÈhqKq cd;Ska úiska tf;la f.k .sh l=vd iy ÿ¾j, cd;Ska iQrdlEfï kj l%fudamdhhs. Tjqyq ta i|yd kj ixialD;shlao ks¾udKh lrñka isá;s. th y÷kajkq ,nkafka ckms%h ixialD;sh kñks. fï ls%hdj,sh i|yd u;jd§ iydh ,ndfokafka mYapdoa kQ;kjdoh úisks. uf.a ,smsfha m%fõYfha oelajQ w;aoelSï úia;rh by; ;;a;ajfha iudchSh yeisÍu isÿjk wdldrhg lÈu ksoiqkls. ck udOH ie,iqï iy.;j kj ixialD;shla jHdcj ks¾udKh lrk wdldrh iy Bg .%dylhd m%;spdr olajk wdldrhka Tjqkaf.a uki Bg wkq.;j yev. efik wdldrh;a th f;areï .ekSu i|yd u;jd§ m%fõYh;a fï jk úg ud bÈßm;a lr ;sfí. riúkaokh fjkqjg ks¾úkaokh mYapdoa kQ;k ;;a;ajh ;=< ;jÿrg;a Ôú; i;H, hym;, wOHd;añl Ôú; f.dvke.Su fyda fidhdhdu isÿjkakla fkdfõ. ta fjkqjg ta ish,a, i|yd meje;ajqKq jHdmD;s f;dfrdïn,alrKhg ,laùu h:d¾:hls. th wm bÈßfha§u isÿjk wdldrh oel we;euqka Bg .skslK jeà wkaoukaoj isák w;r iq¿;rhla ta yd wkq.; úh fkdyelsj úlaIsma; ù isá;s. j¾;udkh ;=< ckudOHlrKh, l,dj, idys;H iy wd.u fufia úmß;lrKhg ,lafjñka ;sfí. l,dj iy ckudOH Ndú;h ;=< ;jÿrg;a Wiia iïu; l,djka Tijd ;nkafka ke;. ish¨ l,djka i|la fia jk w;r tajd nn,jkq ,nkafka ckudOH kï jQ iQ¾hhd úisks. ckudOH úiska wdf,dalh imhdfokq ,nkafka ;u wkq.%dyl kHdh m;%hg wkqjh. fyj;a fj<| wjYH;djka wkqjh. ta ksid Wiia l,djkag iudc .; ùu i|yd wjldY ySk ù hñka mj;S. ta fjkqjg is,a,r l,djka §ma;su;a ù ;sfí. miq.sh ld,h ;=< wurfoaj, úlag¾ r;akdhl, lmqf.a jekakka w;yer fcda;smd, ckudOH úiska w.%.kH;ajhg m;alsÍu fï wkqj wyïnhla fkdjk nj Tn jgyd .; hq;=h. kj .=jka úÿ,s iy rEmjdyskS udOH Tiafia Tijd ;efnk isxÿ, fg,skdgH we;=¨ l,djka tfia jkafka wka fya;=jla ksid fkdjk njo Tn f;areï.; hq;=h. 114

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— fuu ;;a;ajh áhqv¾ ùrisxyhkaf.a ú.%yhg wkqj — ixialD;sl jYfhka mYapd;a kQ;kjdofha l,dj iq¿ nj, ishqï nj ,laIK fldg f.k we;s w;r th — fY%AIAG l,djla ˜ fyda — wurKSh l,djla˜ njg m;a ùug fjr fkdorhs. th iq¿ fohska ix;Dma;su;a jkafkah. th ;=< ish,a,u ;sfnkafka laIqø iajrEmfhks. tys jqjukdjg jvd ixfõ§Ndj ke;s w;r wdYdj uOHia: fõ. tys we;af;a pdï, ksy;udkS, woyiah. mYapd;a kQ;kjdofha l,dj ish¨u Wiia nj, fYA%IAG nj, jeo.;a nj yd iqúYd, nj fjkqjg uo Wmydih, irou, iuÉp,h, mßydih, ljglu, wNsrEmS nj, úldr rEmS nj, wdÈh flfrys jeä leue;a;la olajhs. mYapd;a kQ;kjd§ l,dj i|yd lsisu m%fNaohla, ffY,shla, Í;shla fkdmj;shs. m%fNaohka iy ffY,shka ñY% lsÍu fï l,dj i|yd lsisu .eg¨jla fkdjk w;r ta ;=<ska m%;súfrdaO;djka, Wmfha.S;djh, wiïnkaê;dj, mYap;a kQ;kjd§ka i|yd .eg¨jla fkdfjhs. mYapd;a kQ;kjd§ l,d lD;s fndfyda úg kQ;kjd§ yd mSpx ;;a;ajhkaf.ka ix,laIS;h. kuq;a tys mj;sk fouqyqka fyda nyquqyqka iajNdjh idudkH fohls. mqfrda.dójdohg fjkiaj hñka mYapdoa kQ;kjdofha l,d lD;s pu;aldrd;aul, ms%hukdm, ysff;IS fmkqulska hqla; fõ ˜ ckudOH iqm¾ud¾lÜlrKhg ,laùu fmr wm weoyQ l,dfõ wruqK rislhd wdkkaofhka m%{dj lrd f.khdu jqjo th fj<| wd¾Òl hg fyj;a nyqcd;sl iud.ï kHdh m;%hg .e,fmkafka ke;. ta fjkqjg wjYH jkafka fudav wúpdÍ mdßfNda.slfhls. ta i|yd l,dfõ m%{dj ckkh lsÍu wfydais l< hq;=uh. ta ksid ckudOH u.ska wdf,dalh imhkafka m%{dj ckkh fkdlrk m%ldYkhka fj;gh. tys§ fjf<kaod úiska Wmdhud¾. slj ck;dj ks¾úkaokh lrd fufyhjkq ,efí. ck;dj ks¾úkaokh lsÍu ;=< Tjqka ;=< we;s fndfyda foa wú{dkslj ;ekam;a l< yels fõ. fuys§ fnod.ekSu bj;alr nod .ekSu 115

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we;=,;a lrkq ,efí. Wkqka /ln,d .ekSfï Ñka;kh fjkqjg ;u jqjukdjka bgqlr.ekSfï wNs,dYh tkak;a lrkq ,efí. w;ayeÍu fjkqjg je<|.ekSu ^ ia:dmkh & lrkq ,efí. th nyq NdKaäl fj<|fmd< idrj;a lr.ekSug w;HdjYH fldkafoaishls. tys§ ckudOHh ;jÿrg;a yrj;a ÿIalr fufyhqul kshef,kafka ke;. thg fya;=j tys whs;slrejdo jHdmdßlhl= jk neúks. Tyqf.ao wruqK yels;rï Okh /ialsÍu fõ. ta i|yd Tyq ;u udOHh wjldY wkq.%dyl fj<÷kag úl=Khs. tu wjldY ñ,§ .; yels ´kEu wfhl=g ta ;=< ;uka leu;s foa m%ldY l< yelsh. th iudk l< yelafla iqm¾ud¾lÜ fyj;a iqmsß fj<| ie,lgh. ta ms<sn|j áhqv¾ ùrisxyhkaf.a ú.%yh my; mßÈh. — mYapd;a kQ;kjd§ hq.h ;=< ls%hd;aul jk ckudOHfõohg ´kEu l,d;aul yd fi!kao¾hd;aul ks¾udKhla ksiaidr, ;=ÉP njg m;a l< yelsh. tys ks,xldr nj, iqúfYAI;ajh, woaù;sh;ajh, wjHdc nj yd .eUqr úkdYlr oud th ÿ¾j,, nd,, fn,ySk, mspx yd tÈfkod idudkH Ôú;hg ióm fohla njg m;al< yelsh. mYapd;a kQ;k iudcfha mj;sk fldkafoaisj,g wod<j .eUqre, yrj;a, Ndj úfYdaOk l,d;aul ks¾udK lsisfia;au n,dfmdfrda;a;= úh fkdyelsh. ta ksidu l,dj, idys;H yd fi!kao¾hfõoh ms<sn| iïNdjH wdl,amh fjkialr .; hq;=fõ. fmdÿ ck iudch Bgu wkqrEmSh jQ fmdÿ ck fi!kao¾hd;aul w;aoelSï ìys lrhs ˜ fï ;=< l,dlrejdg ;j ÿrg;a isÿjkafka fjf<kaodg wjYH lrk fudav mdßfNda.slhd ;kd§ugh. udOHfõÈhd ksielju fj<| lekaji¾jrhl= fyj;a —fia,aiafr*a ˜ flfkls. udOH úiska ieuúgu biau;=lr olajkafka j¾Kj;a o¾Yk iuÕ l,dlrejkaf.a iqmsß uy,a ksjdih. tajdfha we;=<; we;s iem myiqlïh. Tjqka .uka ìuka hk jdykh. fï ksid l,dlrejkaf.ao isyskh ù we;af;a fï fN!;sl b,lal ienElr .ekSugh. 116

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wd.ï uqyqK § we;s wNsfhda.h fyj;a ¨fkys ¨kq ri ke;sùu by; ;;a;ajh ;=< fulS iudcfha wOHd;añl isysk olskafkda iaj,amhls. nyq;rhla fN!;sl isysk w;r w;ruxù isákafkdah. Tjqyq wjYH;djka fjkqfjka fkdj udOH úiska jHdcj we;slrkq ,nk wiykhka njg m;al< wdYdjka bgq lr.ekSug fhduqù isá;s. kQ;k iudch fj,df.k we;s iuyrla jHdê ks¾udKh ù we;af;a fï iu.h. fulS ;;a;ajh ;=< wd.ïj,g w;aù we;s brKuo w;sYh fYDalcklh. ta i|yd mqxÑ l:djla lshñ. ud okakd tla;rd m%isoaO ls;=kq mdi,l úÿy,am;s msh;=fula m%isoaêfha m%ldY lr ;snqfKA ;ukaf.a mdi, ÿmam;=ka i|yd fkdjk njhs. ta ksid ÿmam;=ka ;u orejka tu mdi,g we;=,a ùug lror úh hq;= ke;s njhs. t;=ud tfia lshk úgo me<| isáfha — fjfyfikafkks, nr Wiq,kafkks, udfj; tkak ˜hs lshd wjidkfha wudkqIsl f,i >d;khg ,la jQ fÊiqia jykafia t,a¨ï.fia Ôú;h mQcdl< whqre isysm;a lrk l=reishhs. ud okakd tla mkai,l miq.sh fjila Èkh ksñ;af;ka fjila l,dmhla iQodkï lr ;sìKS. Bg fmr isÿlrkq ,enQ oejeka; mßY%uhla ;=<ska ms<su jykafia,d úYd, ixLHdjla bÈlr ;sìKS. fjila Èkfha m<uq Èk ieoeyej;==ka ,jd ta ish¨ ms<suhlgu Odkm;shka ,jd msßlr mQcdlrkq ,eìKs. fojk Èkfha;a msßlr mQcdjla lrkq ,eìKS. fï wkqj tu mkai,g tlajQ msßlr m%udKh 180 lg jeäh. ish¨ ms<su jykafia,d bÈlr ;snqfKa mß;Hd.YS,Skaf.a odkmß;Hd.fhks. w;ñg we;s Wmdil jreka lSmfofkla yer fiiq ish¨ msßia cdjdrïldrfhdah. w.;s.dó f,i uqo,a Wmhkakkah. fjila Èkfha w.;s.dó f,i uqo,a Wmhk úYd, msßila ioa.=Kj;=ka f,i wNsfIal lrkq ,enQ w;r wysxil w,afmaÉP Ôú; .;lrk Ok n,h wysñ ÿmam;a Wmdilfhda mkai,a N+ñh ;=< mska fkd,oafoda jQy. Èk fol mqrdu fjila l,dmh ;=< ta ksñ;af;ka udrl <s| we;=¨ kdkd úfkdao udOH i,ams,a fjkafoaiso wvqjla fkdùh. 117

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rg mqrd iquÿr O¾u foaYkd mj;ajk ;j;a tla iÕ rejkla nK foiqï i|yd jäkafka ta wjg O¾u foaYkd 5 la j;a iQodkï jkafka kï muKls. tla ia:dkhla i|yd .uka úhou i|yd remsh,a 8000$- la whlrkq ,nk w;r O¾u foaYkh i|yd whlsÍula ke;. tfy;a ms<s.ekaúh hq;af;a Wkajykafia /f.k tk msßlrls. ta i|yd Wkajykafiag remsh,a 20000$- la f.úh hq;=h. fndfyda ls;=kq foajia:dk ux.,H meje;aùu i|yd k.rh mqrd Yío úldYk hka;% iúlr;s. ta ;=<ska uq¿ mßirhu fojk;a lrñka ux., wisßh n,y;aldrfhka ck;djg ióm lrj;s. ux.,H i|yd iQodkï ùfï isg ux.,H idoh olajd ish¨ lghq;= j,ska ux.,Hfha ksñ;a; .s,syS f.dia we;s nj olakg ,efí. foajia:dkh ;=< wdOHd;añl iudêhlg tl;=ùug jvd ixlS¾K ud¾. wjysr lrñka wjg fojk;a lrñka uymdrj,a Èf.a iqrejï jevuùu wo ú,dis;djls. ienE ieoeyej;=jka wNsnjd fydrekag jxpdldrhskag wd.ñl i¿ms<sj,ska ;u .|.yk wd;auhka jid.kakg fuh lÈu wjia:djls. wd;,a ke;s wdOHd;añl wNHdi fjkqjg fujeks m%didx.sl ux.,H ms<sfj;a ;reK mrmqrg *ka ,nd§ug bjy,a fõ. fmr ;ekl i|ykal< — rx.SlrKh ˜ wd.u ;=< isÿjkafka fuf,ih. ls%ia;=iajykafia ;u wka;su ojil fcrefi,ï foajud,s.dfõ§ fj<÷kag limyr foñka wìfhda.hg ,lalf<a fujka ls%hdjka fkdfõo@ fï jkúg fndfyda m,a,s mkai,aj, isfuka;s .,jd ghs,a lrñka ;sfí. kùk Wmdx.hkaf.ka mqrjkq ,en ;sfí. tfy;a wOHd;añl lghq;= iïnkaOfhka fï ish¨ wdh;k .rdjefgkq Èfkka Èku olakg ,efí. wd.ñl ia:dk ldksj,alrKhg ,laùu o fï hq.fha fkdje,elaúh yels h:d¾:hls. mYapdoa kQ;k ;;a;ajh ;=< th h:d¾:hla fia fmfka. thg fya;=j wmg oefkk whqßka kï fíohlska f;drj ish¨ wd.ñl wdh;k ls%hd;aul fjñka mej;sfha t;=< Tijd ;nkq ,nk wd.ñl yrhkag tfrysjh. wd.u fndfyda úg oyug tfrys jHdmD;shla nj f,dal b;sydih mqrd idlaIs tug ;sfí. tajd wdh;k .; ùfï fÄojdplh ;=< Od¾ñl w.hka Ndú;fhka bj;g f.dia ;sfí. by; 118

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ksoiqka ish,a,u ;yjqre lrkafka thhs. Okh, l=,h, cd;sh jeks idOl bÈßfha § wd.ñl wdh;k lghq;= lr we;s wdldrh idOkSh ke;. we;euqka wd.u iy foaYmd,kh w;r wY=oaO ikaOdkhla mj;sk nj fodia k.kafka tfyhsks. tneúka mYapdoa kQ;k ;;a;ajh fï ish,a, ksfYAo lr oukafka th ta ;=<u l=Kqjkakg yeÍfuks. wo wmg fmfkñka wefiñka oefkñka ;sfnkafka ta ls%hdoduhhs. ta ms<sn| úia;r lrk wdpd¾h áhqv¾ ùrisxyhka mYapdoa kQ;jdoh ms<sn| Okd;aulj l,amkd lrñka fufiao lshhs. mYapd;a kQ;kjdofha jeo.;alu yd úfYAI;ajh lshdmdk udkj ixy;shg th odhdol< w;aoelSu jkafka i;H ;sfí kï th flfiaj;a ixialD;sh ;=< fkdjk njhs. i;H ixialD;sfhka mßndysrj fyda thg msgqmiska fyda fndfyda úg ixialD;shg by<ska fyda úh yelsh. udkj ixy;sh ish b;sydifha m%:u jrg mYapdoa kQ;kjdoh ksid m%Odku yd jeo.;au fohla mila lr .;af;ah. tkï ñksid f.a m%fya,sldj, ñksid fjkia jkafka hym;a w;go whym;a w;go hkak fkdj, Tyq lsis fia;au fjkia fkdùuhs. tkak tkaku f,dalfha ;;a;ajh krl w;g yefrkafka fï ñksid yd ñksidf.a meje;afï úêh fjkia fkdjk ksidh. ienE ls;=Kq le|ùug wjk;ùu ud ,smsh wdrïNfha§u Bg oeuQ ud;Dldj Bg fld;rï wod,jkafka oehs oeka Tng jegfykq we;. iudch fukau iudch ksjerÈ udj;l .uka lrùfï n,h we;s l,dj fukau oyuo fï jkúg f.da,Sh fj<| iqkdñhg yiqj wia:dk.;fjñka ;sfí. fuu ;;a;ajh iudch ms<sn|j l,dj iy oyu ms<sn|jo j.lSfuka l,amkd lrkakkag iqqÿiqu fudfyd;h. ls;=ir lKavdhu by; wjOdkhg ,lal< l,dj iy wd.u hk idOlhka fol ms<sn|ju máfida;.dó fyj;a Wvq.ïn,dhk jHdhduhl fh§ isák nj uf.a yeÕSuhs. udkj Ôú;h Wiia ;,hlg f.k tau i|yd jHdmdßl wdêm;Hfhka l,dj uqojd.kafka flfiao hkak wo wmg we;s wNsfhda.hls. wOHd;añlj Wiia ùu i|yd 119

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wdh;k.; ù we;s wd.u ;=<ska oyï yrhka u;=lr .kafka flfiao hkak Bg;a jvd wNsfhda.hls¡ fÊiqf.a Wmudjlskau fï úmß;h úia;r l<fyd;a — ¨fkys ¨kq rih ke;s ù f.dia ;sfí ˜ fï Wodù we;af;a ish¨ wd.ï mokï lr.;a O¾u ix.dhkdjlg ld,hhs. l,dfõ iy idys;Hfha Ndú;djka ms<sn|j yDohdx.u l;sldj;lg ld,hhs. ta i|yd oejeka; ixúOdkuh ld¾hhlg l=vd l=vd lKavdhï j,g tl;= ù fndfyda foa l< yelsh. ta i|yd ls;=ir iyDohkag uu mqxÑ fhdackdjla muKla lrñ. f,dl= foa l< hq;= ke;. m<uqj ksy~ùfuka j<lskak. Tn olsk fyd| foa .ek ;j fofofkl=gj;a lshkak. olsk je/oaola ;j fofofkl=gj;a lshkak. uyd ckudOHhlg l< fkdyels ld¾hhla ta ;=<ska lsÍug wmg neßlula ke;. ud tfia lshkafka w÷f¾ isàug jvd tl mykla fyda oe,aùu fyd|hhs lshuk m%;sWÉpdrKh lrñka fkdfõ. oe,ajQ myKlska ;j fndfyda myka o,ajkakg yels neúks.

120

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

22 ls;=ir" Tn ienE ls;= ck;djf.a fmr.ukalre úh hq;=uh æ fu,ks udfk,a fmf¾rd - udOHfõÈks

ukao" j¾:udk iudch ;=< jyd msrúh hq;=jq úYd, ßla;lhla we;' th jvd;a oDYHudkh' th úfgl .=ma;h' úfgl ìhlreh' úfgl uq.aOh' úfgl widOdrKh" ;j;a úfgl wukh' fuh" uy fmdf<dfõ mh.id Ôj;ajk" ixfõos nqoaêu;a mD;.ackhska yg jefgfyhs' ta ksid TjqyQ ksrka;r msmdihlska miqfj;s' ta msmdih jq l,S ish l=gqïNhd fjkqfjka hqla;shg" idOdrK;ajhg" ixysoshdjg-iuÕsikaOdkhg yd wNsjDoaêh Wfoid jq msmdihls' ish,a, leálr .;a l< l%sia;shdks O¾ufha idrh jk —fm%auh˜ kï jq w;s iqkaor jD;a;dka;h rÕ oelaùfuys ,d we;s jk msmdihls' ukao" l%sia;= wkq.dñlhd yg ckaufhka u mejfrk" Y=oaOjq nhsn,fha cqjdï 15(12$17 yS W.kajk mßos zud Tng fm%au l<dla fuka Tn;a tlsfkldg fma%u lrkakZ$ zud Tng 121

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wKlrk foa fïh' tlsfkldg fm%au lrkak'Z hk foaj b,a,Su j¾:udk ,xldfõ ls;=Kq l=gqïNh ;=<ska bgq ùfï l%shdj,sh fndfyda ÿrg f,dma ù we;s ksidh' wo hq.fha l%sia;shdks iudch ;=<" l%sia;shdks O¾ufha uq,Sl yr moaO;Ska fndfydaÿrg m;g" fmd;g" foaYkdjg" tl;=jg" /iaùug" heÿug yd t;ekskq;a tydg hï hï jHdmD;Skaj,g muKla iSudù mj;shs' f,dj ,sheú we;s ñysßu iÔj fm%au l:dj jk fÊiqf.a l=reisfha hd.h kï jq jD;a;dka;h fuf,dj ;=< kej; kej; m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd wmf.ka bgqúh hq;= hq;=lu ke;skï wmf.a odhl;ajh fln÷ úh hq;= o hkak kï b;du ,iaiK nr jpk j,ska oskm;du wikakg ,efí' ksje/osj flgqïm;a ù we;' tfy;a tajd nyq;rhla mjikakka iy weyqïlka fokakka w;r wl%shj mj;shs' ukao tajd by< isg my<g .,d tkafka" ke;fyd;a mjikakdf.a isg weyqïlka fokakd fj;g .,d tkafka fndfyda úg lsis÷ m%dfhda.sl wdo¾Yhlska f;drjh' wkq.ukh lsßfuys,d" ish yoj;a ii< lrjk wdldrfha" n,mEï we;slrjk wdldrfha wdo¾Yj;a pß;hka wmg yuqjkafka b;du" b;du w,amhls' ta wdldr foiqï" mejiqï m%fhda.sl lsßfuys,d .kq ,nk W;aidyhka yd ;ek ;ek flfrk mqxÑ mqxÑ l:dnyd fj;s' óg iyNd.sù isákafka .sys meúos b;du w;f,diails' tfy;a m%udKj;a ke;' Tõyq yels muKska idudÔh fjkila lrd fjfyilr .ukl ish mshjr ;nñka isá;s' t,a,jk wNsfhda. ;=< tu .uk ukao.dñh' tfy;a" jy-jyd wjYH lrkafka" u;=msgg meñK widOdrKfha " whqla;sfha iy wOulfï ieyeis l%shdjka oukh lrùfuys,d mq¿,a idudÔh n,mEula lrkakg ;rï mkakrh ,nd fok kdhl;ajhka h' fmr.ukalrejka h' Tjqka yd tlaj hk cd;s ysff;ISka fkdj ñksia ysff;Iskah' j¾;udk ,xldfõ l%sia;shdks isxy, iudch ;=< fï wdldr wdo¾Yu;a" l%sia;= wkq.dñ úrejka "ùr ud;djka wmg uqK.efikafka ke;' tfy;a ´kEu iudc jd;djrKhlg n,mEï lrkakg yels" ´kEu m%n, 122

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

kdhl;ajhlg n,mEï lrkakg yels" ish ck;dj fufyhúh yels ;rï jq w;s úYd, ms<s.ekSula yd iqÿiqlï we;s fY%aIaG " fÊIaG kdhl;ajhka wm l%sia;shdks iNdj ;=< ´kE;rï isá;s' tfy;a Tõyq mSä; ck;djg fyda iqiqï fy<k iudchg wjYHu lrk wdldrfhka l%shdldß ke;' fuysoS" ienE fm%auh fjkqfjka l%shd l< isr.;j isà msh;=ful= ms<sn|j ud is;a.;a mqxÑ l:djla isysm;a fõ' th furg fkdj toji " trg isÿúh' isr f.oßka mek .sh tla isrlrejl= fjkqjg ;j;a isrlrejka oi fofkl= urKhg m;alrkakg ;Skaÿ jqKs' ta oi fokdf.ka tla isrlrejl= ú,dm k.kakg úhS' ukao Tyqf.a tlu wNs,dIh ù ;snqfKa isfrka ksoyiaù f.dia ish ìß| yd orejka iu.ska wdorfhka tluq;=j cSj;aùugh' fuu ú,dmfhka ii, jqKq uelaisñ,shka flda,afí msh;=ud jyd bosßm;a ù tu isrlrejd fjkqjg ;ukaj urKhg m;alrjk f,ig kdiS yuqod ks<OdÍkaf.ka b,a,d isákakg ;rï ixfõos úh' tfy;a Tjqka ieu l=i.skafka ys÷jd urKhg m;alrjkq ,eìKs' ;uka iuÕ isák isrl/jka fufyhjñka " isr ueÿf¾ ks<Odßkag iudj foñka" Tjqka fjkqfjka foaj m%Yxid iaf;da;% .S; .hñka wka ish¨u isrlrejkaj flda,afí msh;=ud úiska Yla;su;a lrkq ,enq nj lshefõ' jrola fkdl<;a isrlrejl= njg m;afjñka ish ¥; ld¾hh isr l=áfhaoS mjd osh;a lrñka fm%aufha jD;a;dka;hg idËs oere flda,afí msh;=ud wmg wNsfhda.hla fkdjkafka o @ fujkajq idka;=jr pß; j¾:udk iudch ;=< wmg uqK.efikafka o @ wNsfhda.d;aul wjia:dj,o"S ish m%ido iakdmkSh yd mqcl le|ùu yd j.lSu bgqlr,k l< t,a,jk fpdaokd yd wmlS¾;sh ms<sn|j ;lafiarelr ls%ia;= fm%auh wj;lafiarejg ,lalr uqksj; rlsk mqcl pß; wmsg uqKfkd.efikafka o @ tfy;a" h<s uf.a u;lh osj hkafka ls;=ir mqj;am; úiska óg jir .Kkdjlg fmr ks¾udKhlr iudchg ;s<sK 123

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

l< —Tjqyq urKhg ìh fkdjqy˜ hk lD;sh foighs' tu fmd;a msxfpys" f,dj ,shejqKq ñysßu fma%u l:dj fjkqfjka i;Hh f,i idËs oere lf;da,sl .re mshjre isõ fofkl= ms<sn|j iúia;rd;aulj igykalr we;' ta ùr mshjre kï .re fïß neiaáhka" .re uhsl,a reøs.= " ./ pkaød m%kdkaÿ iy .re Y%S,d,a wur;=x. hk mshjre fj;s' Ôú; mQcdfjka u fuu msh;=fuda l%sia;shdkslfï w/uh yd m%n,;ajh tod wm iudchg lshd ÿKs' fuu pß; ms<sn| u;lhka ñhefokakg fkdos j¾;udkfhaos o h<s h<s;a iaurKh lrkakg mshjr .ekSu ls;=ir mqj;amf;ys j.lSula f,ig ug yefÕhs' ukao j¾:udkfha os yd wkd.;fhaos;a fudjqka iudc.; lrkakg ls;=ir mqj;am; yer fjk;a lsisu mqoa.,fhla fyda iNdjla fyda fkdjkq we;s ksidh' flfiafj;;a" j¾;udkfha wd¾Òl" idudÔh yd foaYmd,k jYfhka iqiqï fy<k fuu iudch iqjm;a lsÍfuys,d ksis ls;=Kq id;a;=j" ksjeros fjolu isÿl< yelafla ls;=irg muKs' hï;dla f,ig fyda fmru. .; yelafla ls;=irg muKs' ukao" i;Hh yd idjoH;djhg jxpd fkdlr" mj;sk ;s;a; we;a; ta wdldrfhka u mjiñka .eUqre ukia úfÉkhla o mD;.ack {dKhg ldka;shla o mkakrhla o ,ndfoñka hïlsis l%sia;= idËs oeÍula isÿlrñka isák ksidh' tu osjeisjr ld¾hh b;d ksjreosh' m%ixYkSh h' tfy;a th jv jvd;a jHdma; úh hq;=h' tu ksid ls;=ir mqj;am; ls;=Kq iNdfõ ks, úl,am mqj;am; f,ig kj jif¾ isg ls;=Kq fkdls;=Kq ck;dj w;g ,eìh hq;=h' tneúka" kj jif¾ mgka m%n, idudÔh yd wd.ñl n,mEula we;slrúu i|yd i;Hhjq;a" ksjerosjQ;a .fõIKhl fhfoñka f,dj ñysßu fm%au l:dj m%;sks¾udKh lsßfuys,d ck;dj fufyh ùfï m%n, j.lsu" ls;=ir ¥; ld¾hh ùh hq;=h' wiSre jqj o th Tng l< yelsh' os.= .uka ææ

124

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

23 idys;HOrfhl= olsk ls;=ir pQ,dkkao iurkdhl - idys;H yd udOHfõ§

—fukak udf.a uEKsfhda yd udf.a ifydaorfhda' ula ksido" iaj¾.fha jev isákd udf.a mshdKka jykafiaf.a leue;a; lrk ljqre kquq;a uf.a ifydaorhka" ifydaoßhka" uEKshka hhs lS fial'˜ ^Y=(uf;õ( 12(49(50& lsishï iudchl Wiia nj kS¾Kh lsÍfï§ tys fjfik m%cdj ;=< olakg ,efnk foaYmd,k wjfndaOh b;d jeo.;ah' ^ fuh mlaI foaYmd,khg we;s inò;dj hk mgq wre;lska fkd.; hq;=h'& wm bka woyia lrkafka iudcfha l%shdldÍ idudðlhl= f,i" mqoa.,hka ;=< ;uka Èú f.jkd hq.fha foaYmd,k wd¾Ól iudc yd ixialD;sl ;;ajhka ms<snòj jk wjfndaOhhs' ,xldfõ j¾;udkh i,lk l,ays fï bÈßfhka we;af;a ;o l¿ ;Skaf;ka we`ÿk m%Yakd¾:hls' th meyeÈ,sju rgl ixj¾Okh ksrEmKh flfrkd ixLHd f,aLK o;a; j,g m%;súreoaOj we;' óg fydòu WodyrKh jkqfha idlaIr;dj .ek we;s o¾Ylhhs' Bg wkqj ,xldfõ ,sùu yd lshùug okakd ixLHdj ishhg 92 ls' ta wkqj wm bkafka f,dj fndfyda rgj,g bÈßfhks' 125

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

tfy;a m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë mshjr" Wod( oy wg jeks jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh" lsisÿ ú,shlska f;drj .kakd md,l ;ka;%hlg wjYH n,h §u i`oyd ish l;srh by<skau igyka l< nyq;rhla whs;s jkafka fï by< idlaIr;d l=,lhgh' tfiau fï ñksiqka ;ukaf.a k<, u;gu jÈk weK myr yuqfõ ukao.dój ksy`vh' by<g foaYfm%aufhka uqr.dk iudch rgl b;sydifha iaudrl fidrekaf.a ¥IKhg ,lajk úg ksødYS,Sh' fjklla ;nd Èkm;d oreKq .Kfha wmrdO by, w.hla .ksoa§ Tyq bkafka u;a jQ iajNdjhlh' bÈka fujka m%cdjl ixj¾Okh wr idlaIr;d o;a; yryd uekSu wmg l< yelso@ th ;d¾lslo@ wo wm bkafka wd.u W;al¾Ihg kxjk ,o iudchlh' cd;sh wfkld md.d ±óu i`oyd Ndú;d flfrk iudchlh' iudcfha fldgia f,i tlsfkld flfrys mej;sh hq;= ne`§u" {d;S;ajh" wjfndaOh Èfkka Èk .s,syS hkafka lK.dgqodhl whqßks' W;=f¾ fõokdj ol=Kg fkd±fkhs' y,dj; ëjrhdf.a Èú wysùu le,Ks .fÕka fumsg ëjrfhda ksy`vju bji;s' Èk Èk j¾Okh jk mSvkh ueo" ord.; fkdfyk Ôjk nrl úh.i lr .id .;a Y%ñlhd ;ukaf.a Wr u; we;s nr fmdÈh ìu ;eîug W;aidy fkdord" ;j lShla fyda jeämqr ^fyd`Èka fyda krlska& fidhd .ekSug fjr orhs' ud, lvkakka" nexl= ì`Èkakka" uxfld,a, lrejka" .Ksld jD;a;sfha fhfokakka ixLHdj by< hdu yd w,a,i uÿre o`.rhla ;rugu idudkHlrKh ù ;sfí' ta w;r iEu wd.ulau ;r`.hg fuka ish wkq.dñlhkaj w,afmaÉP Èúfha" wjxlj Èú f.ùfï" idOdrK;ajfha yd ish,a,gu jvd bjiSfï uyre .=K lshd fohs' ta wd.ñl ixia:djkays kdhl ldrld§yq tl fm<g mSvl yia;h iq/lSug bÈßm;a fj;s' iy;sl ,sh;s' foaYfm%auh" wêrdcH úfrdaOh fjkqfjka oEia bÈßmsg olakg ,efnk whqla;sh" widOdrKh bjid isákakg Tjoka fo;s' ta w;r n,h yuqfõ kefjñka mSvl mshjrhkag ksy`vju bÈßhg hkakg bv yß;s' 126

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

neúkau wo ojfia wmg m%n, ixjdohla wjYHj ;sfí' ish¿ wd.ïyS ks¾ud;Dka úiska y`ÿkajdfok ,o ud¾f. damfoaYhka tysu wkq.dñlhka w; w;s w¾:l:lhkag ,laj" úlD;j we;s wdldrh" wd.ñl Ñka;djka miq mig weo ouñka" Bg kj w¾:l:k imhñka" wd.fï kdufhka mSvl md,l ;ka;%hkag wkq.%y imhk fiajdjl ;;ajhg wd.ñl ixia:d m;aùu .ek ms<snòj újD; ixjdohl wjYH;dj wo b;d by<h' ienE wd.ñl ud¾f.damfoaYkh" ienE ne;su;d" {d;shd" ñ;%hd" mqrjeishd ms<snòj kshu ks¾jpk wm <`. úh hq;=h' fï ixjdoh ksfIaOd;aul tlla fyda ;%dfidakaud§ l%shdjla fkdj ukqIH iudcfha hy meje;au Wfoid jkakls' tfyhskau Bg .sys meúÈ fomd¾Yjfhau fkduiqre újD; odhl;ajh ,eìh hq;=h' mSä;hd fjkqfjka wd.ñl ixia:djkays ueÈy;a ùu ms<snò WodyrK b;sydih ;=< ±lsh yelsh' tfy;a wmg jvd;au jeäfhka ±lSug ,efnkafka mSvl md,l ;ka;%hka iy wd.ñl ixia:dj m%;sfrdaOhkaf.ka f;drj .uka lrk wdldrhhs' tfyhskau tjka ñ§ ienE f,iu ñksidg úuqla;sh <`.dlr §u Wfoid úúO wd.ï yS meúÈ idudðlhka we;=¿j úúO md¾Yj lrk ,o ueÈy;aùï wfma wjOdkhg ,la úh hq;=h’ jrKfíOjdoh rc jQ wjêfha wl=kq wm%sldj ;=< uhsl,a ,ekaia,S msh;=ud bgq l< ld¾hNdrh ienE lf;da,slhdf.a j.lSu úma,jh lsÍu hkqfjka mjiñka ish ‘’’ fjkqfjka Èú ms¥ leñf,da fudfria msh;=ud jeks fndfyda pß; ms,sn| wjfndaOhla fukau ixjdohla wmg wjYHh' tfiau ,dxlSh úlD;s foaYmd, jgmsgdj ;=< ckm%sh jk ;,fha b;du;a ÿIalr;d ueo ukqIHhd fjkqfjka fjfyfik pß; .ek wfma ;ld nia ;sìh hq;=uh’ ta w;ru hym;a ukqIHfhl= f,i mQclhdf.a j.lSu foie iajhx úfõpkd;aulj ne,Sug yels YslaIKh wm j.d l< hq;=h’ wmg iShg wkQ folla idlaIr;d uÜgug .=Kd;aulnjla” kshu ‘’’ Èh yelafla túgh' 127

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=ir hqla;s.rel ñksfil= ìyslsÍu Wfoid jk ixjdohka” fmdaIKh lsÍu i|yd m%h;ak orK m%ldYkhla f,i y÷kd.ekSug uu leue;af;ñ’ m%:u ±kqj;aNdjh jeä lsÍug Tjqka w;r ienE ukqIH;ajh ms,sn| ‘’’ lsÍug ;uka fjfik iudch flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu g fukau úpdrd;aul ueÈy;aùula i|ydo th fjfyfihs' md,l §IaÀjfohka iuÕ úúO wd.ï tl fm<g isg .ekSfï b;sydihl w;a±lSu yuqfõ j;aufkyso wd.ól ixia:djka yeisÍu ms<sn| úfõpkd;aul" wêudkhl bkakd uu ls;=ifrys m%h;akh w.hkafka th whfndaOfhka hq;a ñksfil= ìyslsÍu i|yd ixjdohl fhfok fyhsks' Tjqkaf.a jHdhduh id¾;l jkafka kï wmg by; nhsn,a mdGfhys i|yka {d;Ska yuq jkq we;'

128

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24 ud olsk zls;=irZ wdßhr;ak iqnisxy wdrÉÑ

ug ls;=Kq ñ;=frda fndfyda fj;s' zls;=irZ kue;s úma,jldÍ ls;=Kq iÕrdj ug ks;sm;d ;emEf,ka ths' ta ó.uqfõ" cQâ m%Suka fidhqrdf.a wkq.%yfhks' k;a;,g wfma ksji w¿;a wjqreoaog fiau wiamria lr" ìu fmdrdÿ fõ' ta ls;=Kq ñ;=rka wm n,kakg tk ksidh' W;a;rd iy ;=,ko nd, úfha§ ls;=Kq kekao udud,df.a k;a;,a ;E.s n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka fmaù isáhy' foieïn¾ 25o" w¿;a wjqreÿ oji fiau" ud lsis jevla Ndr fkd.kakd ojils' ta k;a;,a lkakg ;sfnk ksidh' w¨;a wjqreÿ ksjdvqj <Õg ud jeämqru tl È.g ksjdvq .kafkao k;a;,gh' foieïn¾ 24 Èk ueÈhï ? foaj fufyhg wms fn!oaO ñ;=rka tla ù m,a,so hkafkuq' by< ms<s.ekSula ,efí' 129

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zfn!oaO fidhqrka msßilao wm iuÕ fÊiq orejkaf.a Wm; ieuÍug meñK isákjd' wms ta wh idorfhka ms<s.kakjdZ hs msh;=ud foaYkdfõ§o lshhs' meje;afuka yd ±lafuka nqÿkaf.a tla l=i T;a fidhqrd jeks jQ ta W;a;uhdf.a Wm; ug yß jeo.;a tlls' zthd ±x wd.ug .sysxZ jeks l;kaoro iuyre lshk nj oksñ' b;sx ufh fudflda' fï ,smsh ,shkakg uq,a jqfKao ls;=ifrka ,enqKq ldreKsl wdrdOkhhs' zwd.u wìxZ hehs wmQre lshukla wms wid we;af;uq' tys ks¾ud;D jkafka wd¾Ól úµd úIhfha ;s;a; we;a; f,djg myod ÿka fY%aIaGhd jk ld,audlaiah' ta l;dj wd¾Ól úµdjg fiau wo ;sfnk wd.ñl zixia:dZ j,g;a wod, njla ug ±fka' ta fufiah' wìx hkq ieneúkau we;eï iakdhq.; wdndO i|yd jQ wjqiohls' tl< jhil Woúh .fï lfâg f.dia wìx ñ<§ .;af;a zuqo,d<s ug fí;a i; mkyl fokavfldZ hs lshñks' ta wjqiohla f,isks" ksje/È ffjµ Wmfoia mßÈh' tfy;a ys;=uf;ag fyda je/È Wmfoia u; wìx ud;%djg jvd .;af;d;a u;a ù" msiaiq fl<skakg mgka .kshs' wo wfma wd.ïj,go isÿ ù ;sfnkafka th hehs fï ,shk fndÿkqjdg isf;hs' w,s we;=ka imsß uy fmryer" uyd ux.,a," hd;=l¾u" hlv lgj,ska ÈjHf,dalhg wefik fia uyd odhlldrld§kaf.a kï lshùu" zfï nqÿkaf.a foaYhhsZ" zfÊiq ÔjudkhsZ" zw,a,dyq wlan¾Z wd§ jels jdykj, ;ä wl=ßka m%o¾Ykh lsÍu wd§ jYfhka jQ il< úldr tf,i wd.u wìx ù" u;a ù flfrk msiaiq fl<Sï hehs fï ,shk mD:.ackhd ;rfha úYajdi lrhs' th tfia fkdjk nj Tmamq lr fmkakqfjd;a ms<s.kakg ;rï m%cd;ka;%jdohlao fudyq ;=< ;sfnhs' tjeks c.f;la yuq fjk fydavqjdjla fyda ke;' ta fjkqjg isÿ fjkafka Ôj;a fjk Èkla Èkla mdid wd.u wìx nj Tmamq ùuh' tkï ksis muKska" iqÿiq wdldrhg .;af;d;a wjqiohls" je/Èhg .;af;d;a u;a ù msiaiq fl<shs' 130

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ud Ôj;a fjk wvúfha uE;l isg w,s we;=ka imsß fjila uyd fmryerla meje;a fjhs' tys m%Odk iajdóka jykafia ksfjila" wdh;khla .dfka weúo wdOdr tl;= lrhs' zTkak Wmdil uy;a;fhd fuodmdr;a wms fmryer lrkj' wdOdr m;%sld ;sfhkj foodfy" mkaodfy" oyodfy' lSfh tllao .kafk@ úisodfy taj;a ;sfhkjZ' fï msßfia flfkla iqÿ froaola /f.k hk w;r ;eklg .sh jyd th mqgqjla u; t<k w;r iajdóka jykafia jyd tys wiqka f.k foaYkdj wrUhs' tfia lrkafka jeä ia:dk m%udkhla wdjrKh lrkakgh' wehs ksfjia ysñhka msrejg fidhd ksjfia ta fï w; weúÈoa§ ld<h kdia;s fjkjd fkdje' lßgdia › ,xld wdh;kfha l,la fiajh l<" wm ñ;% Isfjdaka o w,aúia fidhqrd Èkla Tyq uqyqKÿka w;a±lSula ud iuÕ fnodyod .;af;ah' ta fufiah' wm%sldfõ >dKd rdcHfha meje;s jevigyklg iyNd.s ùfï jrula jrla Tyqg ,eìK' tys tla Èfkl trg wd.ñl kdhlhd jk ldÈk,a;=udo foaYlfhl= f,i iyNd.s jk nj msßig okajd isák ,§' th weiQ Isfjdaka m%S;sfhka mskd .sfhah' ulaksidoh;a" w;s W;a;u jQ mdma jykafia f;aÍfï Pkau n,h mjd ysñ W;a;ufhla isheiska ±l n,d .kakg wjia:djla ,efnk neúks' ta fjoa§ wm rfÜ ldÈk,ajrfhla isáfha ke;' kshñ; Èk ldÈk,a;=ud meñK ish foaYkh meje;a ùh' tys wka;¾.;h jpkfhka úia;r l< fkdfyk ;rï nridr jQ nj Isfjdaka lshhs' tfy;a Isfjdakag uy .eg¿jla ;sìK' ta ldÈk,a;=udf.a we÷u ms<sn|jhs' idudkH l<siu yd lñih" ir< fifrmamq fol' 131

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Èjd wdydr úfõlfha§ ldÈk,a;=ud wNsuqLhg f.dia w; isU wdpdr l< Isfjdaka ish .eg¿j bÈßm;a lf<ah' zW;a;uhdfkks" Tnjykafia ;rï ir< ldÈk,a jrfhla uu Ôúf;agu ±l keyeZ' ms<s;=r b;d ir< yd flá tlla úh' ztfiakï uf. orejd" Tn Ôúf;agu ldÈk,a flfkla ±l keyeZ' wdpd¾h Wmdê,dNS nqreu cd;sl úoajf;la w;ska ,shejqkq Real Buddhism kue;s w.kd fmd;la jrla ug lshjkakg ,eìK' Tõ" zyß nqoaOd.uZ' tys,d Tyq nqoaOd.u j¾. follg fnod olajhs' tkï" zisïm,a nqoaOd.uZ yd zlemsg,a nqoaOd.uZ hkqfjks' Tyq fmkajd fok mßÈ" uy fmryer" Od;= m%o¾Yk" wla;m;%" w;H,xldr lr~q" wiQydr oyfia myka mQcd" f;drka" ±jeka; YS, jHdmdr" fiiq wd.ï yE,a¨ lsÍudÈh lemsg,a nqoaOd.fï wx. fõ' ta fjkqjg" .s,dfkdamiaikh" ienE Ndjkdj" m%pdrfhka f;dr odkh" ir< jQ meje;au wdÈh isïm,a nqÿoyfï wx. fõ' ud olsk zls;=irZ ;sfnkafkao t;ekh' ljqre ljqre;a tl;= ù T¿fjka isgqjd ;sfnk wd.u kej; fomhska isgqjkakgh' zlemsg,a ls;=oyuZ fjkqjg zisïm,a ls;=oyuZ bÈßhg f.k hkakgh' isïm,a ls;=oyu lemsg,a ls;=oyfï .,.%ykfhka .,jd .ekSu i|yd hï W;aidyhla orkakgh' ug ÿl tjeks jQ zfndÿirZ la ke;s ùu .ekh' tjekakla lrkakg ;rï tä;rlulao ud i;=j ke;' mK msáka isgqjd mia .ikjdg ìh we;af;ñ'

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cd;sl .eg¿j iy ,xldfõ ls;=kq iNdj National Question and The Church in Sri Lanka cQâ ,d,a m%kdkaÿ" ví,ska úYaj úµd,h" wh¾,ka;h

nhsn,fha kslauhdu iy w¾:l;kfha foaYmd,kh Exodus in The Bible and the Politics of Interpretation ye¢kaùu .egqula ú.%y flfrkafka flf,io ta wkqj tys úi÷ï u. ;Skaÿ flf¾' lsisÿ ú.%yhla u;jdohlska f;dr fkdfõ' u;jdoh ^Ideology& hkq mj;sk iudc foaYmd,ksl ;;a;ajh iïnkaOfhka hful=g we;s oDIaáh ^View& iy th mj;ajdf.k hdug fyda fjkia lsÍug fhdackd flfrk fufyjr iy m%dfhda.sl jev ms<sfj<hs ^Programmatic Action&1' 1

wef,dahs mSßia msh;=ud úiska ,shk ,o .%ka:hl tk tla 133

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,xldfõ fou< ckhd wrnhd oYl .Kkdjla mqrd we§ hk w¾nqoh úúO kï j,ska ye¢kafjkq ,efí' th ;%ia;jd§ .eg¿jls" úfoaYSh wdl%uKhls" jd¾.sl .eg¿jls" cd;sl .eg¿jls fyda cd;Ska w;r .egquls" hk fhÿï ta iïnkaOfhka nyq,j ±lsh yelsh' fndfyda úfoaYsl bx.%Sis ckudOH th y÷kajkafka oYl .Kkdjla mqrd Èj hk jd¾. sl f,a y,d .ekSula ^Decades long ethnic bloodshed& f,ih' fï iEu ye¢kaùula msgqmiu ksYaÑ; oDIaáhla o ta yd ne÷kq fufyjrlao we;s w;r fndfyda úg tajdfha mriamr;djka mj;sk njo ±lsh yelsh' w¾nqoh ;%ia;jd§ .eg¿jla hehs y÷kajka fyda —fou< ckhdg tfrysj lsisÿ ft;sydisl widOdrKhla isÿj ke;s nj mji;s˜' tfukau Tjqyq talSh rdcH jHqyh iy fN!ñl wLKav;dj W;a;r ft;sydisl iudc foaYmd,k jHqyhka f,i ms,s.ks;s' cd;sl wdrlaIdj udkj ysñlï j,g jvd by<ska ;eìh hq;= hehs Tjqyq ta w;ru ;¾l lr;s'2 mj;sk .eg¿j úfoaYSh wdl%uKhlehs y÷kajkakka th ifya;=l lrkq ,nkafka úfoaYsl n,fõ. ;u wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k wjYH;djka i|yd ;%ia;jd§kag wkqn, § Y%S ,xldfõ ffijÍNdjh úkdY lsÍug l=uka;%K lrñka isákafkah hk u;jdofha msysgñks' fuu l=uka;%Kh Ñrd;a ld,hla mqrd mej; tk úfoaY wdl%uKhka yd iïnkaO flf¾3' jd¾.sl .egqula hehs y÷kajkakkaf.a u;jdoh jkafka Y%S ,dxlsl cd;sl rdcHhla ^A Sri Lankan nation state& ìys fkdùu fya;=fjka ckj¾. w;r mek ke.S we;s .egqula f,ihs' úúO ck j¾.hkag wh;ajQjka tl cd;shlg whs;s mqrjeishka njg ,smshl u;jdoh iy wd.u ms<sn| b;d ÈhqKq ú.%yhla lr we;. PIERIS, Aloysius: An Asian Theology of Liberation, Edinburgh, T&T Clark, 1988., msgq 24

isg 31' 2 cd;sl fy< Wreufha m%ldYko, foaYysff;YS cd;sl jHdmdrfha uqr., i`.rdjo, ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ,xld mqj;am;o fuu ia:djrh b;d meyeÈ,sj m%ldY lrhs. 3 n,kak, cd;sl fy< Wreuh: ðksjd l:d j,ska miq úch.%yKh :uyskao Ñka;kho" rks,a Ñka;kho" m%Ndf.a Ñka;kho@ fld<U" cd;sl fy< Wreufha udOH tallh, 2006. 134

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m;aùu Tjqyq úi÷u f,i ols;s'4 cd;sl .eg¿jla f,i fuh kï lrkafkdaa fuu w¾nqofha uQ, fya;=j cd;sl úIu;djka iy cd;sl mSvkh nj fmkajd fok w;r úi÷u f,i mSä; cd;Skaf.a iajhx;SrK whs;sh5 olaj;s' jd¾.sl f,a y,d .ekSula f,i fuu w¾nqoh ú.%y lrkakkag wkqj fuu w¾nqoh jQl,S fkdÈhqKq rgl f,a msmdis; ck fldgia foj¾.hla tlsfkld urd.ekSuls'6 tu ye¢kaùu msgqmi we;af;a fkdÈhqKq ÈhqKq m%fNaoh u; f.dv ke.=k wêm;s u;jdohhs' fulS u;jd§ ú.%yhka tlsfkl yd ne÷kq ksYaÑ; foaYmd,k Ndú;djka wmg ±l.; yel' u;jdohlska f;drj ú.%yhla fidhd.; fkdyels jqj;a iEu u;jdohlau úuqla;sodhl fkdfõ' fjk;a wdldrhlska mejiqfjd;a ish,af,da hï foaYmd,khl ksr;fj;s' foaYmd,ksl fkdjk Ndú;hla fiùu yqiau ke;sj mK k, fiùuls' tfy;a iEu foaYmd,k Ndú;hlau úuqla;sodhl fkdfõ' ish,af,da hï lsis n, jHdmD;shl fldgia lrefjda fj;s' tys iajrEmh u; mj;sk rdcH ia:dms; lsÍu fyda ÿ¾j, lsÍu isÿfõ' tlS w¾:fhka n,h yd rdcHhg hï whqfrlska iïnkaO fkdjk lsisfjla ke;' zwm i;=j n, jHdmD;shla ke;" wm rdcHh yd l=uk whqrlska fyda iïnkaO ke;Z hkqfjka lshd .ekSu id.rfha isák u;aiHfhl= ;uka c,c Ôúfhl= fkdfõ hehs lshd .kakdla n÷h' fndfyda úg wd.ñl miqìulska tkakka w;r fuu woyi olakg ,efí' ú.%yh" th msgqmi we;s u;jdoh" ^oDIaáh yd fufyjr&" ta yd ne÷kq n, jHdmD;sh ^oDIaáh yd fufyjr u; f.dv ke.=Kq iudc foaYmd,k jHdmdrh&" rdcH yd tu rdcH úiska f,dalh ;=< lrkq ,nk ld¾h Ndrh jQl,S wm ±kqj;aj fyda fkd±kqj;aj ne£ isák yd Ndú;fha fhfok foaYmd,k l%shdoduhls' 4 ,xldfõ iy úfoaYhkays ,snr,a nqoaêu;=ka úiska fufyhjkq ,nk wOHdmk wdh;k iy nyqck ixúOdk fuu u;h orhs. 5 kjiuiudc mlaIh" Èhei" ysre jeks foaYmd,k lKavdhïo" nqoaêu;=ka yd l,dlrejka w;f,diailao" fou< cd;sl jHdmdrh ksfhdackh lrk ixúOdko" we;eï cd;Hka;r jdudxYsl ixúOdko fuu u;h ms<s.ks;s' 6 AFP" Reuter" CNN m%uqL úfoaY ckudOHhka fuu ksrEmKfha fhfoa' 135

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tjeks l%shdoduhl wm ksr; ù ke;ehs lshkjd fjkqjg jvd;a úuqla;sodhl l%shdoduh f;dard.ekSug wr., lsÍu jà' ukao iEu foaYmd,k l%shdoduhlau úuqla;sodhl fkdjk fyhsks' fulS fhduqj iy h:d¾:h ;=< msysgd ,xldfõ cd;sl .eg¿jg wod<j ,xldfõ ls;=kq iNdfõ foaYmd,k fufyjr úuiSu fuu ,smsfha wruqKhs' u;jdohlska f;dr ls;=kq úYajdihla@ ls;=kq iNdj ish,a,gu m<uqj ;uka úYajdifha fkdfyd;a weoys,af,a ix>hla f,i y÷kajd .ks;s Â Community of faith&' tys wruqK foaj rdcHh ^Kingdom of God& f.dv ke.Su nj m%ldY flf¾' iEu ls;=kqfjl=u tu rdcHfha jákdlï ñysu; f.dvke.Sug odhl úh hq;= nj lshefjk w;r tu rdcH mQ¾K;ajhg m;aùu ms<sn| n,dfmdfrd;a;=jlska miq úh hq;= njo b.ekafõ' tlS w¾:fhka foaj rdcHh hkq b;sydih blaujd .sh Âhistorical& fjk;a Ânother world& f,dalhla fkdj mj;sk f,dalhu uq¿uKskau kj;djhlg m;a ù ìysjk fjkia jQ f,dalhls Â transformed world&' th uq¿uKskau fjkia jQ f,daflda;a;r h:d¾:hla njo úYajdi flf¾' wd.ñl ^Religious& yd wkd.ñl ^Secular& oDIaàka fjkia jkafka fuu f,daflda;a;r udkh uq,afldg f.kh' tfy;a fuu f,dj jvd;a udkqIsl ;ekla lsÍu iïnkaOfhka tlS Odrdjka w;r m%;sfrdaOhla ke;' f,dj hym;a ;ekla njg m;a lsÍfï l%shdj,sfha wd.ï fhfokafka ish f,daflda;a;r wjidkh olajd hk .ufka fldgila f,ih' tu lghq;af;ysu wkd. ñlhka fhfokafka f,dalhu muKla ;u b,lalh lrf. kh' f,dal iudc iuq¿fõ ^World Social Forum& f;audj jk zfjkia f,dalhla ks¾udKh l< yelZ Ânother world is possible& hkafkka woyia flfrkafka jvd;a udkqIsl jQ foaYmd,ksl iudÔh yd wd¾Ól l%uhla f,dj u; ìys l< yels njh' ls;=kq wdpdr úµdj ^Christian social ethics& ;=< f,dj ;u wi,ajeishd f,i olsk iudc foaYmd,k Ndú;djla b.eka fõ' tys we;af;a foú÷ka f,dj ;=< ±lSu i|yd flfrk werhquls' fuu Odrdjka folgu tlsfkldf.ka bf.k .ekSug we;' wd.ï woykakka m<,a iudc foaYmd,k wd¾Ól ú.%yhlg 136

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we;=¿ úh hq;= w;r wkd.ñl Odrdfõ isákakka ish Ñ;a; wNHka;rh .eUqßka úuik wd.ñl iïm%odhka i;= ±kqfuka bf.k.; hq;=h' jvd;a W;=ï jkafka ljr Odrdjlg wh;a jQjka±hs úuiSu fhda.H fkdjkafka tu úuiSuu f,dalh hym;a ;ekla lsÍug nrm;, ndOdjla u;= lrk neúks' ienE f,i iudc foaYmd,k jHdmdrfha fhfokakka ;=< fuu úuiSu mek fkdk.S' ish f,daflda;a;r .ufka fldgila f,i ls;=kq iNdj ñysu; flfrk fufyjr ú.%yhlska fyda u;jdohlska f;drj l< fkdyel' ukao f,dalh ;=< wm lrk ljr lghq;a;la jqj o hï u;jdohla yd ta u; f.dvke.=kq ú.%yhla iy foaYmd,khla u; /£ mj;sk ksidh' ls;=kqjkaf.a Wreuh@ fojeks f,dal hqoaOfha§ ñ,shk .Kkdjla hqfoõjka urd ±fuk f;la fÊiq o hqfoõfjl= yd .,S,fhl= nj l%sia;shdks iNdjkag isyshg meñKsfha ke;' Y; j¾I 20la mqrd ls;=kq iNdj úiska f.k wd hqfoõ úfrdaë u;jdoh ysÜ,¾f.a hqfojq ixydrhg odhl jQ w;r fÊiqf.a iudc foaYmd,ksl yd ixialD;sl Wreuh hgm;a lr oukakgo bjy,a úh' m<uq .súiqfï ^First Testament& Èjeisjr iïm%odh u; msysgd fÊiq hq.fhka hq.h jy,a núka ñ§ ksjy,a nj me;+ ish ckhdf.a ft;sydisl wNs,dIhkaf.a Wreulrefjl= úh' tu Wreuh meyeÈ,s foaYmd,k oDIaáhla iy fufyjrla iys; u;jd§ jHdmdrhla ^An ideological movement& úh' f,dj iqm;, nyq;rhla nhsn,a úYdrohka mjik whqre fÊiq úiska foaj rdcHh m%ldY lsÍu u.ska m,ia;Skfha isá ckhdf.a foaYmd,k wNs,dIh m%ldYhg m;a lrhs' th frdau wdêm;Hfhka ksoyia ùfï wNs,dIhhs'7 7

fcda¾Ê iqjdßia m%%N+ ^bkaÈhdj&" we,anÜ fkda,dka ^ol=Kq

wm%sldj& iy t<sin;a iQia,¾ msfhdfrkaid ^wefußldj& jeks nhsn,a úYdrohska mji;s. FIORENZA, Elisabeth Schüssler: Jesus and Politics of Interpretation, New York / London,Continuum, 2001. SOARES-PRABHU, George M.: The Dharma of Jesus, edited by Francis Xavier

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iqúfYaIfha mKsjqvh ^Gospel message& ;=< lsisÿ u;jd§ foaYmd,khla fkdue;s w;r th uq¿uKskau wd;aól yd f,daflda;a;r mKsúvhlehs mjik ls;=kqfjda isá;s' tu ia:djrh ;=<u meyeÈ,s u;jd§ foaYmd,khla mj;S' tkï mj;sk l%ufha u;jdoh iy foaYmd,khhs' tu ia:djrh u.ska tlS u;jdoh m%;sksIamdokh lrk w;r mj;sk foaYmd,kh ;jÿrg;a ia:dms; flf¾' iqúfYaIfha mKsjqvh foaYmd,k udkhlg muKla ,>q l< fkdyels hehso th Bg jvd .eUqre jQjls hehs ;¾l lrkafkda fj;s' tu ;¾lhka u.ska fndfyda úg lrkqfha tu mKsjqvfha ;sfnk wka ish¨ udkhka wjOdrKh fldg fulS foaYmd,k yrh f,dma lsÍuh' tu f,dma lsÍuo tla;rd u;jd§ foaYmd,k fufyjrls' tu ;¾lfha fhfokakka fndfyda iudc ixialD;sl l%shdldrlïj, fhfok w;r iuia; foaYmd,k l%shdj,sh m%Yak fkdlr th ksh;hla f,i woy;s' f,daflda;a;r wruqKla yd ne÷kq fÊiqf.a mKsjqvh úYajdka;r mKsjqvhls' tu úYajdka;r nj ixhqla;j f.dv ke.Sfuys§ fÊiq fufyjfrys fhÿfka tla;rd ksYaÑ; ixialD;sl wd.ñl iudc foaYmd,ksl ft;sydisl miqìul msysgdh' fkdfmfkk foú÷kaf.a úuqla;sodhl nj ckhd olskafka fuu ft;sydisl miqìu ;=< fÊiq fhfok fufyjr ;=<h' fÊiqf.a fufyjr fya;=fjka tla ieKska frdau wêrdcHfhka m,ia;Skh ksoyia fkdjQ nj ienEjls' tfy;a fÊiqf.a urKh foaYmd,ksl tlla nj ienEjls' ta ;u ft;sydisl Wreufha tk Èjeisjr iïm%odh u; msysgd ish ckhd w;r ;uka fhÿk fufyjr yd tys wvx.= foaYmd,k yrh meje;s rdcHhg yd ta yd ne¢ n, jHdmD;Skag iy ta msgq mi jQ u;jdohkag wNsfhda.hla jQ ksidh' meje;s rdcHh Èjeisjr iïm%odfha tk ksjy,a jQ foú÷kaf.a rdcHhg uq¿uKskau m%;súreoaO tlla jQ ksidh ' ls;=kq iNdfõ fufyjr foaj rdcHh f.dv ke.Su hkafkka .uH jk tla m%Odk udkhla jkafka fuu foaYmd,k fufyjfrys fh§uh' tkï ls;=kq iNdjka ;uka Ôj;a jk ìfuys yd tu ckhdf.a ksoyi i|yd jk wr.,fha mx.=lrejka ùuh' tu iyNd.S;ajh i<l=Kq l< hq;af;a f,daflda;a;r wjidkhla lrd hk .ufka§ w;HjYH fldgila f,ih' tu fh§u úYajdka;r fm%auhlska u;=j wd D’Sosa, New York, Orbis Books, 2003.

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hq;= w;r tlS úYajdka;r fm%auh ;u ìfuys ksjy,a nj m;k ck;djf.a wNs,dIhka yd ne£ m%ldYs; úh hq;=h' foaj rdcHh hkq ksjy,a nfõ wNs,dIhka m%ldY flfrk" tajd h:d¾:hka njg m;a lr.ekSug flfrk wr.,h ksrEmKh flfrk" hï muKlg tlS wNs,dIhka ñysu; idlaId;a lr .ekSu ms,sônq lrk yd f,daflda;a;r udkhla iys; mQ¾K úuqla;shla ms<sn| úYajdihla iy n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla cks; lrjk nhsn,Sh ixl,amhls' th ksYaÑ; ixialD;sl iSudjla ;=< u;= jQ fhÿula ksid tu fhÿu fiiq wd.ï yd ixialD;Skag wod<j Ndú;d l< fkdyel' fÊiq ish úYajdka;r mKsjqvh m%ldY lf<a fuu ksYaÑ; ixialD;sl fhÿu Tiafiah' wo ls;=kqjka úYajdka;rjd§ ùug kï fuu ft;sydisl ixialD;sl rduqj ^Historical cultural framework& fjk;a ixialD;Ska yd wd.ï iïnkaOfhka fhdod fkd.; hq;=h' ukao tfia fh§u ixialD;sl yd foaj Od¾ñl wêrdcHjdohlaa ^Cultural and theological imperialism& jk ksidh' nqÿ oyug wkqj foaj;ajhg jvd nqoaO;ajh W;=ïh' tfy;a nqÿ oyu" yskaÿ oyu yd fiiq bkaÿ Wmuydoaùmsl iuhkays tk foaj;ajh ms<sn| ixl,amh yd nhsn,fha ^hqfoõ$l%sia;shdks& yd fldrdkfha tk foaj;ajh ms<sn| ixl,amh tlsfklg fjkiah' nhsn,fha tk zud yer wka foú flfkla ke;'Z hk fhÿfuka ye`.fjkafkaa ohdkqlïmdfõ iy idOdrKfha foaYmd,khla ^Politics of compassion and justice& ñi wêrdcHjd§ wka wd.ï úfrdaë u;jdohla fkdfõ8' fjk;a wd.ñl oDIaàkaf.ka muKla fkdj ia;%S úuqla;sldókaf.a odhl;ajfhkao rdcHh hk ixl,amh úpdrhg ,la l< hq;=j we;' th mqreI flakaøSh foYmd,k ixl,amhls' nhsn,Sh yd foajOd¾ñl wOHhkhka fndfyduhla úiska fuu z foaj rdcHZ hk ixl,amfha ixialD;sluh iy NdIduh iSudjka y÷kdf.k we;s w;r tys we;s úYajdka;r 8 neiaáhka úfhf,ka.d iy fjd,ag¾ nDD.udka jeks nhsn,a úYdrohka úiska fï ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s lr § we;' WIELENGA, Bas: It’s a Long Road to Freedom: Perspectives of Biblical Theology, BRUEGGEMANN, Walter: The Prophetic Imagination, Minneapolis, Fortress Press, 1978.

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yd hï ìul ixhqla; w¾:h ^Globle/ Local Message& u;= lr.ksñka ;sfí' f,dj mqrd iuhdka;r ixjdoh uq,a lr .;a wOHhkhkao ia;%S úuqla;sjd§ idys;Hho óg úYd, jYfhka odhl ù ;sfí' tu odhl;ajh miqìfuys we;af;a jvd;a úuqla;s odhl ú.%yhla" oDIaáhla iy fufyjrla ^úuqla;sodhl u;jd§ foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla& ks¾udKh lr .ekSfï wjYH;djhs9' tlS w¾:fhka foaj rdcHh zl%sia;shdksZ fkdfõ' O¾u rdcHh zisxy, fn!oaOZ o fkdfõ' ksjy,a iudchla zmsßñkaf.aZ iudchlao úh fkdyel' tfy;a ls;=kq" fndÿkq yd wka iuhkays yrh jkdys ksjy,a Ndjhhs' tu ksjy,a Ndjh ia:dms; lsÍu fjkqfjka flfrk ú.%yh iy fhfok u;jd§ foaYmd,ksl fufyjr ls;=kqlfï iy fndÿkq lfï ,laIKhls' N.j;a .S;fha tk l¾u ud¾.fha fkdfyd;a hqla;s.reljQ;a" iajd¾:fhka f;dr jQ;a l%shd ud¾.fha ,laIKhls' tfiakï wmg jy,a iy ksjy,a u;jdohka .ek o jy,a iy ksjy,a rdcHhka .eko mSä; cd;Ska iy mSvl cd;Ska .eko wmf.a weoys,a, ;=< foaYmd,ksl wref;ka l:d l< yelsh' mriamr ls;=kq foaYmd,ksl m%;spdr@

iNdj uQ,slju weoys,af,a ix>hla nj uq,ska ,Sfjñ' tfia kï cd;sl .eg¿j ls;=kqjka ú.%y l< hq;af;a ish weoys,a, u; msysgdh' ,xldfõ niakdysr ;Srefõ ls;=kq lKavdhula úiska m, lrk ls;=ir mqj;amf;a l;=jelsh kï lr we;s mßÈ zúYajdifha oEisksZ' iNdfõ úYajdifha oEi l=ulao@ foú÷ka m<uq .súiqug wkqj" ish mSä; ckhd jy,alfï isg ksjy,a lu fj; fufyhjk b;sydih mqrd jev isák foú flfkla nj flfrk úYajdihhs' fojeks .súiqug wkqj tu foú÷ka fÊiq ;=< úuqla;sodhl úl,am iudchla ñysu; f.dvke.Sug wdrïN lr we;s njg flfrk úYajdihhs' tneúka iNdj úYajdifha ix>hla f,i mSä; ckhd w;r Ôj;a fjñka ^ish ìfï fyda úm%jdiSj& jy,anfõ isg ksjy,a njg u. fmkajk yd úl,am iudchl w;a±lSu (A Community of faith!)

9 t<sifn;a iQia,¾ msfhdfrkaid úiska uE;l§ rÑ; lD;shl fulS úpdrh b;d by< uÜgul mj;S'

FIORENZA, Elisabeth Schüssler: The Power of the Word: Scripture and the Rhetoric of Empire, Minnapolis, Fortress Press, 2007

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ixhqla;j m%ldY lrk fmr .ukalre úh hq;=j we;' fuu iajhx wjfndaOh ms<sn|j fou< yd isxy, l:d lrk iNdjka ;=< fmdÿfõ .;a l< .eg¿jla ke;ehs wms Wml,amkh lruq! tfy;a fuu weoys,a, ,dxlSh iudchfha iudc foaYmd,ksl lafIa;%h ;=< ixhqla;j w¾:l:kh lsÍfï§ tlsfklg mriamr u;jdohka yd foaYmd,k Ndú;hka folla u; fou< iy isxy, iNdfjda msysgd isá;s. kslauhdu fmdf;ys tk zudf.a ckhdg hkak bv yßkqZ hehs fudafiia úiska mdrdfjdag wNsfhda. lrñka m%ldY l< foú÷kaf.a joka W;=re kef.kysr ls;=kq ckhd" Y%S ,xldfõ rdcHfha yuqodfjka ñ§fï wNs,dYh m%ldY lrkq jia fhdod .ks;s' Tjqkaf.a wj;eka ùï nhsn,fha tk wj;eka ùï j,g iudk lr .ksñka úúO j;djkays fhfo;s'10 tfy;a tlS kslauhdfï weoys,a,u isxy, ls;=kq iNdj úiska w¾:l;kh lrkq ,enQfõ fou< cd;sl jHdmdrh fufyhjk úuqla;s fldá ixúOdkfhka ñ§ Y%S ,xldfõ yuqodfõ md,kh hgf;a mj;sk m%foaY lrd fou< ckhd .uka lrk úuqla;s odhl kslauhdula f,ih' tu iNdju úiska lsis fia;a hqoaOhg tfrys fkdù ziduh iy iu.sh f.dv ke.Su i|yd fojqkaor;=vqfõ isg fmaÿre;=vqj olajd ukqIH;ajfha md,ula wms bÈ lruqZ hehs foaYkd lrk ,È' ñka woyia jkafka kslau hdfuka w;a olsk ksjy,a nj /£ ;sfnkafka tl rgla" talSh rdcHhla yd tl md,khla ;=< njh' fuu.ska isxy, ls;=kq iNdj ksYaÑ; u;jd§ foaYmd,k jHdmdrhl fldgialrefjl= f,i fmkS isáhs' ls;=kq weoys,a, u;jd§ ú.%yhla ;=< ixhqla;j w¾:l;kh ù we;s w;r th Rcqj foaYmd,ksl lrKh ù we; (Politicization of faith)' .eg¿j jkafka th foaYmd,kSlrKh ùu fkdj tlS foaYmd,kh ljrlao hkakhs' weoys,af,a yrh ksjy,a njh' úuqla;sodhl iudc foaYmd,k rgdjla fjkqfjka lemùuh' tfy;a tys w¾:l;khka tlsfklg mriamrh' fou< iy isxy, ls;=kq 10 ld,hla mqrd fou< ckhd ;=< ;snQ fuu ixhqla; úYajdih uq,skau cd;sl .eg¿j yd ne÷kq ls;=kq idys;Hhg tl;= lf<a tia fÊ tïudkqfj,a msh;=ukah'

EMMANUEL, S.J.: Let My People Go: The Tamil Struggle for Survival and Self determination in Sri Lanka, Germany, Tamil Catholic Chaplaincy, 1997.

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iNd ksjy,a nj f;dard .kafka foúÈhlg muKla fkdj uq¨uKskau m%;súreoaO w¾:fhks' fuf,i nhsn,fha tk kslauhdu tlsfklska mriamr w¾: ±laùï j,g ,la lsÍu kj m%jk;djla fkdfõ' hqfrdamShhka fiiq ìï iy ck;djka wdl%uKh lsÍfï§ ;uka zf;dard .;a ck;djla Z (Chosen people) nj weoyQy' kslauhk f;dard.;a ck;dj ;uka nj jeäuk;a úYajdi lf<da ì%;dkHhfhdah' wefußldfõ iajfoaYsl r;= bkaÈhdkqjka hg;a l< ì%;dkHhka úYajdi lf<a tu ìu foúhka ;ukag ÿka zfmdfrdkaÿ foaYhZ (Promised land) njhs' ;uka fojeks BY%dh,h nj;a foúhka úiska f;dard.;a f.da;%hlska meje; tkakka nj;a lf,l ì%;dkHhka ;=< úYajdihla ;snqKs11' wh¾,ka;fha lf;da,slhkag tfrysj fm%df;ia;ka; md,kh hqla;s iy.; flrefKao foúhka ;uka iu. tjka md,khla ia:dms; lsÍug .súiqulg t<eU we;s nj úYajdi lrñks' wh¾,ka; cd;sl ksoyig tfrysj 1912 § fm%df;ia;ka; kdhlhka úiska w;aika flreK m%ldYh kï lrkq ,enQfõ zw,aig¾ .súiquZ (Ulster Covenant) hkqfjks' BY%dh,fha isfhdkajdoh .ek fkdlsj ukdh'12 kslauhdug fok ,o fï ish¿ w¾:l;khkag mgyeksj fjk;a w¾:l;khla o ìysúh' nhsn,fha kslauhdu mokï lrf.k wefußldj ;=< ì%;dkHhka úiska iqÿ wdêm;Hhla ia:dms; l<o tu kslauhduu isyshg kxjd .;a jy¿ka f,i f.fkkq ,enQ l¿ cd;slhka th ish isú,a whs;sh i|yd jk jHdmdrhg wkqNdjh imhk uQ,sl isoaOdka;h njg m;a lr.;ay' hqla;sh iy idOdrKh msreKq iudchla fjkqfjka lrk wr.,h kj kslauhdula f,i ÿgQy' foú÷ka tu wr.,fha§ ;uka iu. jev isák nj woyñka zfoúhka 11

n,kak' LONGLEY, Clifford: Chosen People: The Big Idea that Shapes England and America, London, Hodder & Stoughton, 2002

12 ol=Kq wm%sldfõ j¾KfNaojdoh, BY%dh,fha isfhdkajdoh iy W;=re wh¾,ka;fha fm%df;ia;ka;jdoh hqla;s iy.; lsÍu i|yd nhsn,fha tk kslau hdu yd iïnkaO fhdodf.k we;s wdldrh fvdk,aâ yduka wflkaika úiska rÑ; b;d wmQrejg ú.%y lr we;s'

AKENSON, Donald Harman: God’s Peoples: Covenant and Land in South Africa, Israel and Ulster, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1992

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l,af,lsZ (God is black) hhs m%ldY l<y' tu hq.fha u f,dj mqrd me;sr ;snQ wêrdcH úfrdaë cd;sl jHdmdrhka l¿ cd;sl ls;=kq kdhl ud¾áka Æ;¾ lsx ie<l=fõ foú÷ka mSä;hka yd tla ù lrk wr.,hka f,ih' fn!oaO úhÜkduhg tfrysj wefußldj f.k .sh hqoaOhg ;SrKd;aulj tfrysùug lsx kdhl;ajh iemhQ ls;=kq iNd ;SrKh lf<ao fuu fjkia jQ weoys,af,a w¾:l:kfha msysgdh13' w¾:l;kfha foaYmd,kh by; lS w¾:l;khkag foaYmd,khla (The politics of we; ' tu foaYmd,kh yd ne÷kq u;jdohla we;' mj;sk .eg¿j ú.%y fldg úi÷ï u. ^ksjy,a njg u.& ;Skaÿ flfrkafka ksYaÑ; u;jdohla u; msysgd flfrk w¾:l:kfha foaYmd,kh úisks' isxy, iy fou< ls;=kq iNd ;uka úiska ms<s.;a;o fkd.;a;o fulS foaYmd,kfha fh§ isá;s' tfy;a zms<s.;a Z rdcHhg tfrys jkakkag muKla foaYmd,kfha fhfokafka hehs fpdaokd flf¾' fou< iNdj zfldáZ f,i ye¢kafjkafka ta w¾:fhks' tu fpdaokdj msgqmi we;af;ao ksYaÑ; u;jd§ foaYmd,khls' 80 oYlfha§ ,;ska wefußldfõ tla ro.=rejrfhl= mejiQ mßÈ u;jd§ foaYmd,khl fkdfhfokafkla we;akï m<uq ., .eish hq;= fõ' interpretation)

weish hq;= m%Odk iy uQ,sl m%Yakh l=ulao@ weoys,af,a yrh jk ksjy,a nj mj;sk rdcH l%uh iy jHqyh ;=< w;a±lsh yelso hkakh' mj;sk foaYmd,k jHqyfha fldgialrejka fjñka jrm%ido ,nkakkag fuu m%Yakh mek fkdk.S' ta ms,sn| ú.%y wjYH fkdfõ' rdcH jHqyfha talSh iajNdjh wdrlaId l< hq;= njo b;sydifha th tf,i mej;=kdla fuka bÈßhgo mej;sh hq;= njo z nyq;rfhaZ m%cd;ka;%jdoh wdrlaId l< hq;= njo tajd foúhkaf.a ks¾udK njgo mjiñka mj;sk ;;a;ajh iajdNdúllrKfha (Naturalize) iy ifya;=llrKfha (Rationalize) fh§u u.ska tajd m%Yak lsÍïj,g iy wNsfhda. hg ,la lrkakka u¾okh lsÍu hqla;shqla; (Justify) flf¾' 13 n,kak. FERNANDO, Jude Lal: A Paradigm for a Peace Movement: Thich Nhat Hanh and Martin Luther King, Jr., Dublin, Columba Press, 2007.

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wmf.a hqoaOfha Od¾ñl njo Tjqkaf.a hqoaOfha wOd¾ñl njo wre;a .kajkafka tf,ih' hqoaOh ksud lsÍu ms<sn| isxy, ls;=kq iNdj úiska rdcH kdhlhd fj; ish iqn me;=ï iy ia;+;sh ms<s. kajkafka fuu u;jd§ foaYmd,kfha fldgialrefjl= njg m;a fjñks' isxy, iNdjg ksjy,a nj hkq talSh rdcHh iy isxy, nyq;rfha md,khhs' fuu u;jdoh úuqla;sodhl tllao ke;fyd;a jy,anj ksfhdackh lrkaklao@ tu u;jdoh úuqla;sodhl tlla nj ;ukagu ;yjqre lr.kafka tu u;jdoh u;u msysgd lr.kakd ft;sydisl foaYmd,k ú.%yhla u.sks' fndÿkq fõjd ls;=kq fõjd ;u wi,ajeishd fm<d ±óu ish weoys,a,g wkqj idmrdOhls' ish weoys,a, u; msysgd lsisfjl=g ;u wi,ajeishd ;<d fm<d urd ±ñh fkdyel' tfy;a wdl%uKslfhl= m<jdyeÍu hqla;s iy.; l< yelsh' wdl%uKslhdf.ka rg iy ck;dj fírd.ekSu fjkqfjka hqoje§uo hqla;s iy.; lr .; yel' tjeks wdl%uKhla ;=< weoys,af,a tk uQ,sl wdpdr O¾u mfil,d ck iuQyhl wdrlaIdj iy meje;au fjkqfjka idOdrK hqoaOhla l< hq;= njgo ;¾l f.dv k.d .; yel' ifya;=l nj (Reason) yd weoys,af,a tk wdpdr O¾u (Ethics) w;r úfNaokhla ks¾udKh lsÍu u.ska fuh isÿ flf¾' fuys§ ifya;=l nj wêm;s Wjukdjkaf.ka ¥Is; ù we;s nj fkdye`. fõ (Reason corrupted by interest)' wi,ajeishd wdl%uKslhd f,i ksrEmKh flfrkafka fulS ifya;=l nj f.dv k.d .ekSugh' fou<d wi,ajeishd fkdù wdl%uKslhd jkafka fuu miq ìfuysh' hqoaOh ifya;=l lsÍfï§ flfrk ft;sydisl ú.%yh ;=< ish¨ ol=Kq bkaÈhdkqjka fou< fkdfj;;a thska meñKs iEu wdl%uKhlau fou< f,i yqjd ±lafõ14' ,xldj ;=<u meje;s rdcOdks tlsfkld wdl%uKh l< nj j;auka hqoaOh 14 ol=Kq bka§h wdl%uKhka yd tys ft;sydisl ikao¾Nhka ms<sn| úYaf,aIKd;aul wOHhkhla i|yd lshjkak.

SCHALK, Peter (ed.): Buddhism among Tamils in Pre-Colonial Tamilakam and Ilam, Part1, Prologue. The Pre-Pallava and the Pallava Period, Part 2, The Period of the Imperial Colar. Tamilakam and Ilam, Uppsala, Uppsala Universitet, 2002.

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ms,sn| u;jd§ foaYmd,kfha§ t;rï wjOdrKh flfrkafka ke;' ÿgq .euqKq" t<dr iu. hqo je§ug fmr ol=fKa l=vd rdcOdks 30lg wdikak m%udKhla wdl%uKh lsÍu .ek isxy, b;sydi{hka fokq ,nkafka fkdjeo.;a ;ekls' Tjqyq ÿgq .euqKq t<dr hqoaOh muKla wjOdrKh lrkqfha j;auka isxy, iafjda;a;ujd§ u;jd§ foaYmd,kfha wjYH;djka fjkqfjks' fou< ck;dj isxy, ck;djf.a ft;sydisl i;=frl= iy wdl%uKslfhl= njo" j;auka fou< wr.,h fuu ft;sydisl wdl%uKfhau È.=jla f,io isxy, ckhd ;=< tu.ska ;yjqre flf¾' mQ¾j hg;a úð; hq.fha mej;sfha kQ;k rdcH l%uh fkdj rcjreka iy rc fm<m;a uq,alr.;a rdc iNd l%uhla nj;a tn÷ rc fm<m;a hgf;a tlsfklska iajdëk jQ úúO m%dfoaYSh rdcOdks /ila b;sydifha úúO jljdkqj, meje;s nj;a j;auka talSh rdcH jHqyh m<uqjrg furg ìys lrkqfha ì%;dkSka nj;a talSh rdcHfha meje;au fjkqfjka u;jd§ foaYmd,kfha fhfokakka myiqfjka wu;l lr oud we;s lreKqh' hg;a úð; hq.fha§ ì%;dkHhka úiska wOHmk yd rcfha /lshd wjia:d ie<iSfï§ fou< ckhdg úfYaI ie<ls,a,la ±la jQ nj ks;r wjOdrKh lrkq ±lsh yels kuq;a jeú,s wd¾Ólh yryd j;=lrfha fou< ckhdf.a iQrdlkq ,enQ Y%ufha w;sßla;fhka úYd, fldgila isxy, iudcfha iqnidOkh i|yd jeh lrkq ,enQ nj;a" tlS j;= úYd, m%udKhl ysñlrejka jQfha isxy, m%N+ fm<eka;sh nj;a fkdlshefõ'15 15

l=udß chj¾Ok, tka. Ikauq.r;akï iy idÑ fmdkakïn,ï úiska

fulS iudc wd¾Ól ú.%yh ukdj isÿ lr ;sfí. JAYAWARDENA, Kumari: Nobodies to Somebodies: The Rise of the Colonial Bourgeoisie in Sri Lanka, Colombo, Social Scientists’ Association, 2003. SHANMUGARATNAM, N.: ‘Colonial Agrarian Changes and Underdevelopment’, in Capital and Peasant Production: Studies in the Continuity and Discontinuity of Agrarian Structures in Sri Lanka, (edited by) Charles Abeysekara, Colombo, Social Scientists’ Association, 1985, pp.1-31.

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n, jHdmD;shlska f;dr ±kqula ;sfí o@ b;sydih ms,sn| ±kqu ksrfmalaI tlla fkdfõ' th iEu úfglu idfmalaIh' tu idfmalaI;dj ;Skaÿ lrkqfha j¾;udk foaYmd,kh (Our knowledge of the past is determined by the politics of the present) úisks' wmf.a b;sydih ms,sn| ±kqu fyj;a talSh rdcH ms<sn| ±kqu yd weoys,a, cd;sl w.;Ska iy úIu;djka ;shqKq lrkakd jQ j;auka foaYmd,kh úiskau ks¾udKh l< ±kquls' th b;d uE;ld,Skj tkï hg;a úð; hq.fha ìyslrk ,oaod jQ;a mYapd;a hg;a úð; hq.fha isxy, iafjda;a;ujd§ b;sydi{hka úiska fmdaIKh l<d jQ;a ±kquls' 70 oYlfha isg u;=fjñka tk mYapd;a hg;a úð;jd§ úpdr idys;Hh (Post colonial critique) u.ska fï nj ukdjg fmkakqï lr we;16' bkaÈhdkq Wmuydoaùmh md,kh lsÍu i|yd jvd;a iqÿiq N+ñh f,i ,xld Èjhsk ie<l+ ì%;dkHhka tys ish¨ m<d;a tl;= fldg uOH.; md,khla ia:dms; lf<a ish mßmd,kuh" ñ,sgßuh" wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k wjYH;d uq,afldg f.kh' ixialD;suh f,i øúv (Dravidian) ixialD;shg jvd isxy, ixialD;sh Wiia nj yqjd olajñka" 16

,xldjg wod< tjeks wOHhkhka i|yd lshjkak.

AGNELL, Marisa: ‘Understanding the Aryan Theory’, in Culture and Politics of Identity in Sri Lanka, edited by Mithran Tiruchelvam and Dattathreya C.S., Colombo, GUNARATNE, Arjun: ‘What’s in a Name? Aryans and Dravidians in the Making of Sri Lankan Identities’, in The Hybrid Island: Culture Crossings and the Invention of Identity in Sri Lanka, (edited by) Neluka Silva, Colombo, Social Scientists’ Association, 2004, pp.20-38. JEGANATHAN, Pradeep and ISMAIL, Qadri (eds.): Unmaking the Nation: The Politics of Identity and History in Modern Sri Lanka, Colombo, Social Scientists’Association, 1995. SENEVIRATNA, H.L.: Buddhism, Identity and Conflict, Colombo, International Centre for Ethnic Studies, 2002.

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b;sydifha fjk;a miqìul" fjkia foaYmd,k rduqjl" yd fjkia ixialD;sl iy wd.ñl mßirhl is¥ jQ .egqï iy wdl%uK fou< wdl%uK f,i u;= lrkq ,enQfha hg;a úð; mßmd,kfha ksr; f,aLlhka úisks17' ,xldfõ isxy, cd;sl jHdmdrfha mqfrda.dñhd jk wk.dßl O¾umd, zì%;dkH lsre< flfrys jk ;u mlaImd;S;ajh .,la fuka fkdfi,afjk tllaZ nj;a tfy;a iq¿ cd;Skag tfrys ;u igk fkdkj;ajk njg;a hg;a úð; f,alïjrhdg ,shk ,o ,smsfhka meyeÈ,s jkafka isxy, m%N+ fjf<| mka;sh iy ì%;dkH hg;a úð;jd§ka w;r Rcq iïnkaOhhs18' isxy, nyq;rh úiska md,kh lrk talSh rdcH ms<sn| ±kqu fuu foaYmd,k mka;sh úiska ksIamdokh fldg fnod yßk ,o tlla jk w;r Bg wkqj b;sydih w¾:l;kh lrkq ,nkafka ish mka;suh wjYH;d uq,afldgf.kh' fuf,i b;sydih ms<sn| wmf.a ±kqu isxy, fj<| iy m%N+ fm<eka;sfha wjYH;d iu. .eg .eiS we;' tu mka;sh úiska j;=lrfha ckhdf.a mqrjeis whs;Ska wysñ l<d muKla fkdj ish jeú<s l¾udka;h mq¿,a lsÍu fjkqfjka isxy, f.dúhkag ysñ úh hq;= bvïo wysñ lf<ah' bvï wysñ ol=fKa isxy, f.dúhka ksoyig fmr isgu W;=re kef. kysr udhsfï ckmo bÈlrñka mÈxÑ lrjk ,oafoa fou< f.dúhkag ysñúh hq;= bvï Tjqkaf.ka Wÿrd.ksñks' rdcH n,h fhdodf.k isÿ lrkq ,enQ fuu isxy, ckmolrKfha uQ,sl wruqKq jkafka fou< ckhdf.a iïm%odhsl jdi N+ñj, wLKav;ajh wfydais lsÍu" fou< ckhd Ôj;ajk m%foaYj, 17

JEGANATHAN, Pradeep: ‘Authorizing History, Ordering Land: The Conquest

of Anuradhapura’, in Unmaking the Nation: The Politics of Identity and History in Modern Sri Lanka, (edited by) Pradeep Jeganathan and Quadri Ismail, Colombo, Social Scientists’ Association, 1995, pp.106-136. THAPAR, Romila: Ideology and the Interpretation of Early Indian History, Colombo, Social Scientists’ Association, reprinted from Review in Winter, 1982.

GURUGE, Ananda: Anagarika Dharmapala, Colombo, The Department of

Cultural Affairs, 3rd edition, 1991, first published in 1965.

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ck.yk ixhq;sh ish jHdma;jd§ jqjukdjka fjkqfjka lD;%suj fjkia lsÍu hkdÈhhs' isxy, muKla rdcH NdIdj lrñka fou< ueo mka;sh rdcHfhka msgqjy,a fldg isxy, ueo mka;sh Yla;su;a flreK w;r tu mka;sfha isxy, W.;a ¥ mq;=ka úis oyilg wdikak ixLHdjla ye;a;Ej oYlfha§ urd ±fukafka hg;a úð; foaYmd,k wd¾Ól rduqjg tfrysj Tjqka le/<s .eiQ ksidfjks' tu le/<s .eiQ mrïmrdj ikikq jia 1972 § wOHdmk m%ñ;slrKh f.k tñka úYaj úµd, m%fõYfha§ y÷kajd ÿka wkqmd; fldagd l%uh úiska iqÿiqlï ,enQ fou< YsIHhkaf.a wjia:djka Wÿrdf.k tu wjia:dj isxy, YsIHhkag fokq ,eìK' fuu úIu ie<lSu u.ska fou< ;reK mrmqrg iudc ip,;djfha (Social mobility) ;snQ iSñ; wjia:djka ;j;a iSud jQ w;r rdcH hka;%h ;=< fou< ks,OdÍka wkqmd;h my< ±óuo fuu.ska bgqlr.ekSu isxy, md,lhkaf.a wjYH;dj úh' fou< ckhdf.ka Wÿrd.kq ,enQ wjia:d isxy,hka fj; ysñ lrfoñka isxy, my< mka;skaf.a mSvkh mqmqrdhEu l,a ±uQ w;r fou< cd;sl mSvkfha ;Sõr;dj by< .sfhah'19 tfukau fou< cd;sl mSvkhg tfrys úfrdaO;djka jvd;a / äl,alrKhg ,la ùug fuh n,mEfõh' 70 oYlfha ueo Nd.h jk úg fou< cd;sl jHdmdrh ikakoaO wÈhrg t<efUk w;r 80 oYlfha wjidkfha§ kej; isxy, ;reK ;reKshka úiska wdhqO ikakoaO wr.,hla wrUk ,È' fou< ikakoaO wr.,h isxy, rdcHfha wdêm;Hfhka ñ§u i|yd mek ke.=k wr.,hla jQ w;r isxy, ;reK wr.,h tu rdcH hka;%h w;am;a lr.ekSug Èh;a l< wr.,hla úh' meje;s talSh rdcH jHqyh b;sydih mqrdu tf,i mejf;kakla nj weoyQ isxy, ;reK jHdmdrhg wkqj th fjkia fkdúh hq;= isoaOdka;hla úh' fuu talSh rdcH hka;%h ì%;dkH wêrdcHjd§ka úiska Tjqkaf.a hg;a 19 ù. ks;Hkdoï úiska fuu ;;a;ajh y÷kajkafka fmaÿref.ka fidrdf.k mdjq¿g f.ùula f,ih. NITHIYANANDAM, V.: ‘Ethnic Politics and Third World Development: Some Lessons from Sri Lanka’s Experience’, in Third World Quarterly, Vol.21, No.2, April,2000, pp.283-311.

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úð; wjYH;djka i|yd f.dvk.k ,oaola njgo Tjqkaf.ka miqj th foaYSh isxy, m%N+ fm<eka;sfha mka;s wjYH;djka i|yd fhdod.kq ,nkakla njgo wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug ;rï isxy, ;reK jHdmdrhg ú.%yhla fkdùug fya;=j b;sydih ms,sn| Tjqka i;= jQ ±kqu hg;a úð; ksIamdokhla jQ neúks' wfkla w;g fuu ;reK jHdmdrh moku jQ isxy, w;rueo mx;Ska iy rdcHh w;r tla;rd wdldrhl mka;suh ikaOdkhla iy wm%ldYs; iïuq;shla úh' tu iïuq;shg uQ,sl jYfhka n,mE idOl kï fou< j;= lïlrejdf.a Y%ufhka bmefhk Okh rdcH iqnidOkh ^ksoyia wOHdmkh" ksoyia fi!LH iy f.dú ckmolrKh i|yd wjYH há;, myiqlï we;s lsÍu jeks& yryd isxy, w;rueo mka;shg .,dhdu iy isxy, fn!oaO wêm;sjdoh rdcHfha u;jdoh njg m;afjñka ;sîuh' isxy, m%N+ Okm;s mka;shg fukau isxy, w;rueo mka;Skao fuu talSh rdcH jHqyfha wdrlaIlhka njg m;aj we;af;a fulS mka;suh wjYH;d fya;=fjks' fuu idOlh úiska W;=f¾ mSä;hd iy ol=fKa mSä;hd w;r fnÿï f¾Ldj ks¾udKh ù we;' tfiakï iajdNdúl tallhla" Ñrd;a ld,hla mqrd fkdfjkiaj meje;s m%mxphla iy ÈjHuh ks¾udKhla f,i i<lkq ,nk talSh rdcHhh" ;ks uOH.; md,kh ms,sn| woyi iy tlu cd;shla ms<sn| u;h tla ck fldgila úfYaIs;j mSvdjg m;a lrkakla muKla fkdj" isxy, fou< mSä; ck;djka fNao lrk foaYmd,k l%uhlg wdjrKh imhk u;jd§ lv;=rdjla nj meyeÈ,sh' oYl .Kkdjla mqrd .,d .sh f,a .x.dj tu jy,anfõ ksji Yla;su;a lsÍu fjkqfjka fy<kq ,enQjla ñi wka lsisjla fkdfõ' úfoaYSh ckudOH úiska y÷kajkq ,nk mßÈ fuh jd¾.sl .egqï ksid isÿjk f,a ye,Sula fkdj cd;sljd§ w.;Ska yd b;sydih ms<sn| ñ:Hdjka u; f.dv ke.=kq isxy, wêm;sjdoh iu. tla jQ wefußldj" bkaÈhdj iy Ökh m%uqL f,dal n,j;=ka ish l,dmSh wjYH;djka bgqlr.ekSu fjkqfjka isÿ lrk f,a ye,Suls' hqo ch.%yKh úiska h<s;A j;djla ia:dms; l< talSh rdcHh úiska fï jk úg tu l,dmSh Wjukdjka ukdj bgq lrñka ;sfí' fujeks rdcH ieleiaula ;=< kslauhdula .ek l;d l< fkdyelafla ta ksidh' 149

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ksjy,a rdcHh hkq mj;sk talSh rdcHh nj isxy, ls;=kq iNdj úiska ms<s.kq ,enQjo tys meje;au ;yjqre lr we;af;a l,dmSh iy f,dal n,j;=kaf.a Wmßu iyfhda. fhka nj wu;l lr oud we;' bkaÈhka id.rh uq,afldg .;a ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmh ;=< ish ñ,sgßuh foaYmd,kuh iy wd¾Óluh Wjukdjka i|yd wjYH n,;=,kh f.dv ke.Su i|yd wefußldj" bkaÈhdj iy Ökh úiska Y%S ,xld rdcHh Yla;su;a lr,Su i|yd miq.sh ld,h mqrd úYd, jev fldgila bgq l< nj fkdryils' tlsfkldf.a foaYmd,k whs;Ska ms<sf.k fou< iy isxy, ckhd w;r iu.sh iy wjfndaOh f.dvke.Sfï úNjh fmkakqï l< 2002 igka úrdu .súiqu ì| jegqfka yqfola fomd¾Yajfha fkdleue;a;" wka;jd§kaf.a n,mEu fyda igka úrdu .súiqu W,a,x>Kh lsÍï ms,sn|j isÿùï ksidu fkdj wefußld tlai;a ckmofha Rcq foaYmd,ksl ueÈy;a ùï ksid nj b;d Wjukdfjka wOHhkh lrkafkl=g meyeÈ,sj fmfka' igka úrduh wdrïNfha§ ÿn,j ;snqKq hqojd§ u;jdoh iy yuqod Yla;sh jir lSmhla ;=< YS>%fhka Yla;su;a jQfha fuu úfoaYsl wkqn,h fya;=fjks' fulS w¾:fhka ienE f,iu úfoaYSh wdl%uKhla isÿ ù we;af;a f,dal n,j;=kaf.a ueÈy;a ùfuka tAlSh rdcH Yla;su;a lsÍu yrydh' fou< cd;sl rdcHh ms,sn| u;jd§ foaYmd,k jHdmdrh b;d uE; b;sydifha ks¾udKhla jk w;r th hqla;s iy.; lrkq ,nkafka iajdëk fou, rdcOdks ^rdcOdks iy kQ;k rdcH tlsfklg fjkia isoaOdka; folls& mej;=Kq njg b;sydih úiska bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk idOl úiska fkdj j¾;udkfha fou< ckhd uqyqK fok iduQysl mSvkfha m%ldYkhla f,ih' fou< cd;sl jHdmdrh hkq ì%;dkHhka úiska ks¾udKh l< talSh rdcH jHqyh mYapd;a hg;a úð; hq.fha§ w;am;a lr.;a isxy, m%N+ foaYmd,kh th isxy, fn!oaOlrKhlg ,la lsÍu;a rdcHh uy cd;sljd§ mSvkfha WmlrKh njg m;a lrñka iq¨;r m%cdjka foaYmd,ksl wd¾Ól iy ixialD;sluh nysIalrKhg (Alienation) ,la lrñka f.k.sh mSvkhg;a tfrysj mek ke.=Kq foaYmd,k m%;spdrhls' tu jHdmdrh cd;Skaf.a iajhx ks¾Kh whs;sh u; mokï jQ u;jd§ foaYmd,k jHdmdrhls' fou< ls;=kq 150

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iNdj kslauhdu w¾:l;kh lrkafka fuu u;jdoh u; msysgdh' fou< cd;sl jHdmdrfha wdhqO ikakoaO iajrEmh hqla;s iy.; lsÍfï§ isxy, ls;=kq iNdj fukau fou< ls;=kq iNdjo ifya;=l nj (Reason) iy ls;=kq wdpdr O¾u (Ethics) w;r úfNaokhla ks¾udKh lrhs' wdl%uKhg uQK §u i|yd ikakoaO ùfï ifya;=l nj m%isoaêfha fyda wm%isoaêfha wjOdrKh lf<ah' isxy, ls;=kq iNdj hqoaOh ifya;=l lf<a zfou<dZ wdl%uKslfhl= hk isxy, wêm;s u;jdoh u; msysgd jk w;r fou< ls;=kq iNdj ikakoaO wr.,h ifya;=l lf<a tlS wêm;s u;jdohg tfrys ia:djrhl msysgdh' jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka fuu .egqfï tk foaYmd,k yrh y÷kd. ekSuh' ukao hqoaOh iy ikakoaO wr.,h wm kshef,k foaYmd,kfhau È.=jla jk ksidh' hqoaOfha iy ikakoaO wr.,fha wdpdr O¾u .ek m%Yak lrkakkag ks;r wu;l jk tla fohla we;' tkï tajd msgqmi mj;sk foaYmd,kfha wdpdr O¾u ljf¾o hkakh' foaYmd,k{hkaf.a wdpdr O¾u ^Ethics of politicians) .ek l;d lrkakka foaYmd,kfha wdpdr O¾u ^Ethics of politics) .ek l;d lsÍug ue<sfj;s' tu ksid uQ,slj m%Yak l< hq;=j we;af;a wm úiska lrkafka ljr foaYmd,khlao lshdh' ks.ukh hqouh ch.%yK úiska ysñ lr § we;af;a ksjy,a iduldó hqla;s iy.; iudchla fkdj ch.%dylhdf.a (Victor's Peace) iduhls' tlS iduh ;=< fou< ckhd /|jqï l|jqrej,g .d,a lrñka" Tjqkaf.a .ïìï iy bvlvï rdcH n,h fhdodf.k fld,a,lñka" isxy, ñ,sgß ckmo we;slsÍug;a bka§h iy wefußldkq ñ,sgß iy wd¾Óluh Wjukdjka i|yd Ndú;d lrkq jia úlsKSug;a lghq;= flfrñka ;sfí' fulS iduh ,nd.ekSug isÿl, lDDr ñ,sgßuh hqoaOh fya;=fjka tys Rcq f.dÿr njg m;a fou< iudch ldhsl jYfhkao" hqoaOhg iydh §ug lghq;= l< isxy, iudch ish ñksia jákdlï w;ayer ±ófuka wOHd;añl jYfhkao úkdY ù ;sfí' isxy, iudch fuu jy,anj ish leue;af;ka je<e|.;a w;r fou< iudchg ;u ksoyi ms<sn| wNs,dIhka w;a yer tlS jy,anj;a 151

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wdOHd;añl urKh;a ms<s.ekSug n, flÍ we;' tfiakï isxy, ls;=kq iNdj mjik mßÈ hqo ch.%yKh olajd bÈjqk ukqIH;ajfha md,uo fkdfõ' fuh úm%jdihls' mdrdfjdaf.a jev ìïj, jev lsÍug n,lrkakd jQ hq.hls' ish weoys,af,a yrh jk ksjy,a nfõ f;areu l=ula±hs y÷kd. ekSug kï isxy, ls;=kqjka ;uka uvq jkaokdfõ hk úg miqlr hk fomi isák oyiA .Kka fou< /|úhka foi n,kq jà' ol=fKa ;u .ï ìï j,ska ìys jQ isxy, úYaj úµd, isiqkaf.a ÿla mSvdjka .ek lka fokq jà' wju jegqmlg Èjd ? ish Y%uh úlsKSug isÿj we;s we`.¨ï iy fiiq lïy,aj, .eyeKqkaf.a uqyqK fok mSvkh foi n,kq jà' W;=re kef. kysr ;u ksoyi fjkqfjka igka jeÿkd jQ fou< hqj;shka Wod jQ zkslauhdfï ksjy,a nfõ Z mshjrla f,i ol=fKa jy,a lïy,aj,g .d,alr Y%uh iqrdlk wdldrh olskq jà' 87$89 jljdkqfõ yeg oyila Ôú; ñ,sgß hka;%hla úiska ;,d fmdä lr ±ófï iduQysl w;a±lSu we;s isxy, iudch ish iduQysl yDoh idlaIsh j<,d oud ;j;a ck;djla iuQ, >d;kh lsÍu i|yd tu ñ,sgßuh hka;%h u;jd§uh iy foaYmd,kuh iy øjHuh jYfhka Yla;su;a lsÍug fm<eUqfKa uka±hs wikq jà' by; m%Yakhg ms<s;=re fidhd.kq ,nk f;la isxy, iudchg iy isxy, ls;=kqjkag zkslauhdulgZ odhl jkakg lsisfia;a fkdyelsjkq we;' úch.%dylhdf.a iduh úiska flfrk n, lsÍu hgf;a fou< ls;=kq iNdj hqla;sh iy ksoyi fjkqfjka ;u wfmalaIdjka w;ayer oukafka kï th wdmiq .uka lsÍuls' kslau hdfï Yla;sh W;amdokh jkafka ksoyfia wfmalaIdj fkdueÍ ;nd .ekSfuks' isxy, iudcfha iduQysl yDoh idlaIsh wjÈ lsÍuo" fou< iudcfha ksoyfia wfmalaIdj ñh hkakg fkd§ /l.ekSuo ls;=kq j.lSu fõ' tu j.lSu bgq lsÍfï§ fiiq wd.ï yd .eUqre ixjdohl fhfoñka tajdfha O¾uhkays tk foaYmd,k udkh u;= lr.ekSuo" jvd;a m%.;sYS,S wkd.ñl Odrdjka yd tla ù m<,a iudc foaYmd,k ú.%yhl kshe,Suo w;HjYH fõ' iduQysl yDoh idlaIshla iy ksoyfia wfmalaIdjlska f;drj iduh .ek l;dlsÍu Nhdkl úys¿jls' wm fhfokakd jQ 152

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foaYmd,kh wdpdr Od¾ñl jQ;a úuqla;sodhljQ;a tlla jkafka th iduQysl yDoh idlaIshla iy ksoyfia wfmalaIdjka u; mokï jQfjd;a muKs'

References: AGNELL, Marisa: ‘Understanding the Aryan Theory’, in Culture and Politics of Identity in Sri Lanka, edited by Mithran Tiruchelvam and Dattathreya C.S., Colombo, International Centre for Ethnic Studies, 1998, pp.41-71. AKENSON, Donald Harman: God’s Peoples: Covenant and Land in South Africa, Israel and Ulster, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1992 BRUEGGEMANN, Walter: The Prophetic Imagination, Minneapolis, Fortress Press, 1978. EMMANUEL, S.J.: Let My People Go: The Tamil Struggle for Survival and Self determination in Sri Lanka, Germany, Tamil Catholic Chaplaincy, 1997. FERNANDO, Jude Lal: A Paradigm for a Peace Movement: Thich Nhat Hanh and Martin Luther King, Jr., Dublin, Columba Press, 2007. FIORENZA, Elisabeth Schüssler: The Power of the Word: Scripture and the Rhetoric of Empire, Minnapolis, Fortress Press, 2007. FIORENZA, Elisabeth Schüssler: Jesus and Politics of Interpretation, New York / London,Continuum, 2001. GUNARATNE, Arjun: ‘What’s in a Name? Aryans and Dravidians in the Making of Sri Lankan Identities’, in The Hybrid Island: Culture Crossings and the Invention of Identity in Sri Lanka, (edited by) Neluka Silva, Colombo, Social Scientists’ Association, 2004, pp.20-38. GUNAWARDANA, R.A.L.H., ‘The People of the Lion: The Sinhala Identity and Ideology in History and Historiography’, in Sri Lanka: History and the Roots of Conflict, (edited by) Jonathan Spencer, London, Routledge, 1990, pp.45-86. GURUGE, Ananda: Anagarika Dharmapala, Colombo, The Department of Cultural Affairs, 3rd edition, 1991, first published in 1965. HARRIS, Elizabeth J.: Theravada Buddhism and the British Encounter: 153

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Religious, Missionary and Colonial Experience in Nineteenth Century Sri Lanka, London,Routledge, 2006 JAYAWARDENA, Kumari: Nobodies to Somebodies: The Rise of the Colonial Bourgeoisie in Sri Lanka, Colombo, Social Scientists’ Association, 2003. JAYAWARDENA, Kumari: Ethnic and Class Conflict in Sri Lanka:The Emergence of Sinhala-Buddhist Consciousness 1883-1893, Colombo, Sanjiva Books, 2003. JEGANATHAN, Pradeep: ‘Authorizing History, Ordering Land: The Conquest of Anuradhapura’, in Unmaking the Nation: The Politics of Identity and History in Modern Sri Lanka, (edited by) Pradeep Jeganathan and Quadri Ismail, Colombo, Social Scientists’ Association, 1995, pp.106-136. JEGANATHAN, Pradeep and ISMAIL, Qadri (eds.): Unmaking the Nation: The Politics of Identity and History in Modern Sri Lanka, Colombo, Social Scientists’Association, 1995. LONGLEY, Clifford: Chosen People: The Big Idea that Shapes England and America, London, Hodder & Stoughton, 2002. NITHIYANANDAM, V.: ‘Ethnic Politics and Third World Development: Some Lessons from Sri Lanka’s Experience’, in Third World Quarterly, Vol.21, No.2, April,2000, pp.283-311. PIERIS, Aloysius: An Asian Theology of Liberation, Edinburgh, T&T Clark, 1988. PONNAMBALAM, Satchi: Dependent Capitalism in Crisis: The Sri Lankan Economy 1948-1980, London, Zed Press, 1981. RODRIGO, Michael: ‘Life in all its Fullness’, in Fr. Mike and His Thought: Part II, in Logos Vol.27, No.4, October, 1998, pp.3-29. SCHALK, Peter (ed.): Buddhism among Tamils in Pre-Colonial Tamilakam and Ilam, Part1, Prologue. The Pre-Pallava and the Pallava Period, Part 2, The Period of the Imperial Colar. Tamilakam and Ilam, Uppsala, Uppsala Universitet, 2002 SENEVIRATNA, H.L.: Buddhism, Identity and Conflict, Colombo, International Centre for Ethnic Studies, 2002. 154

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SHANMUGARATNAM, N.: ‘Colonial Agrarian Changes and Underdevelopment’, in Capital and Peasant Production: Studies in the Continuity and Discontinuity of Agrarian Structures in Sri Lanka, (edited by) Charles Abeysekara, Colombo, Social Scientists’ Association, 1985, pp.1-31. SOARES-PRABHU, George M.: The Dharma of Jesus, edited by Francis Xavier D’Sosa, New York, Orbis Books, 2003. THAPAR, Romila: Ideology and the Interpretation of Early Indian History, Colombo, Social Scientists’ Association, reprinted from Review in Winter, 1982. WIELENGA, Bas: It’s a Long Road to Freedom: Perspectives of Biblical Theology, Madurai, The Unemployed Young People’s Association, 1998. JATIKA HELA URUMAYA: Victory After Geneva Talks: Thinking of Mahinda, Thinking of Ranil or Thinking of Prabha?, Colombo, JHU Media Unit, 2006

cd;sl fy< Wreuh: ðksjd l:d j,ska miq úch.%yKh :uyskao Ñka;kho" rks,a Ñka;kho" m%Ndf.a Ñka;kho@ fld<U" cd;sl fy< Wreufha udOH tallh 2006

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26 ls;=ir yd osjeisjr fufyjr úð;a frdydka le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h

ud ys; ñ;% wcs;a yeâ,sf.a wdrdOkdj u; Tyq úiska fhdackd l< Wla; f;audj hgf;a fuu ,smsh ,shkafkñ' 1992 jifr cQ,s ui zls;=irZ mqj;am; wdrïN ù úis jirl ieureu ksñ;s fldg f.k fuu ,smsh ,sùug ud yg wdrdOkd lsrSu .ek m<uqj lD;{ fjñ¡ zls;+ir yd osjeisjr fufyjrZ mq¿,a j úsuiSug miqìu ilid .ekSu i|yd z,dxflah mqj;am;a l,dfõ b;sydihZ flásfhka úuiSu jeo.;a fõ¡ ukao tu úsuiqu u.ska ,dxflah mqj;am;a l,dfõ ls;=kq wdNdih o biau;= jk neúsk¡s b;sydih ,xldjg uqøK ;dCIKh yÿkajd ÿkafka ls%¡ j¡ 1734 oS tkï ,kafoais hq.fha oS h¡ jir 1737 oS furg uqøKh jq m<uq 156

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fmd; kï zls%ia;shdks hd{d fmd;Z fyj;a weoys,a, kï jq ,kafoais heÿï fmd;ls' msgq 41 lska hqla; jq fuu fmd; rdcH f,aLkd.drfha ixrCIKh ùS ;sfí¡ 1802 oS m%ldYs; zisf,daka .j¾kaukaÜ .eiÜZ ^Ceylon Government Gazette& m%:u jdßl m%ldYh f,i oelaúh yelsh¡ 1832 oS m%ldYs; fcdaka ,Sf.a l;D;ajfhka hq;a zo l,ïnq c¾k,aaZ (The Colombo Journal) ,xldfõ m%:u mqj;am; h¡ 1812 oS nhsn,a uqøKh wdrïN úh¡ m%:u isxy, iÕrdj jkafka 1832 § m%ldYs; zudisl ;E.a.Z h¡ z,xld f,dalZ ^1860& m%:u isxy, mqj;am; h¡ rcfha ,shdmosxÑ l< m<uq mqj;am; kï 1862 oS m%ldYs; z,lañKs mykZ h' ,laßú lsrK' (1863) isxy, fn!oaOhkaf.a whs;Ska fjkqfjka wdrïN jQ mqj;am;ls' [Newspapers in Ceylon, http://www. rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/newsceylon.htm]. 1866 jif¾ wdrïN jQ {dkd¾: m%oSmh' wog;a uqøKh jk bmerKs u ,dxflah mqj;am; hs¡ 1869 oS wdrïN l< zle;,sla fufikac¾Z (Catholic Messenger) mqj;am; wog;a uqøKh jk bmerKs u ,dxflah bx.S%is mqj;am; hs¡ 1899 oS wdrïN jQ zNla;s m%fndaOkhZ wog;a uqøKh jk bmerKs u ,dxflah iÕrdjhs¡ fuu b;sydihg wkqj wdrïNfha isg wo olajd wLKav j uqøKh jk mqj;am;a folla yd iÕrdjla ,dxflah lf;da,sl iNdjg Wreu ù ;sîu furg mqj;am;a l,dfõ úfYaI;ajhls' ,dxflah kdgH" idys;Hh" iskudj" ix.S;h fuka u mqj;am;a l,dj o ls;=kq wdNdifhka fmdaIKh jq nj lsj yelsh¡ m%oSmh yd ls;=ir - ixikaokd;aul úuiSula fuu ixikaokfha wruqK jkafka ls;=ir mqj;amf;a osjeisjr fufyjr ms<sn| jk ú.%yhg miqìu ilid .ekSug h¡ m<uqj {dkd¾: m%oSmfha wdrïNh úuiuq¡ fuys§ 1866 m<jQ m%oSmhg Wreu jq iudc foaYmd,ksl yd wd.ñl miqìu jeo.;a fõ¡ {dkd¾: m%oSmh wdrïN lf<a cqjdï m%kdkaÿ kï jq .sysfhls' fuu mqj;am; ks, lf;da,sl iNdfõ lgy~ njg 157

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m;a jqfha tjlg ol=Kq ú.dßfha ro.=re fnkosldkq ksldfha ysf,arshka is,a,dks úisks tu mqj;am; 1869 oS ñ, § .ekSfuka miqj h¡ tf,i u Catholic Massenger mqj;am; 1869 oS wdrïN lf<a .sys lf;da,slfhl= jq m%ekaisia f*dkafiald h¡ Nla;s m%fndaOkh wdrïNfha isg u ksu, ußh ksldfha YS% ,xld m%dfoaYslfha Ndrldr;ajh hgf;a m<jk m%ldYkhls¡ m%oSmh wdrïN jk úg mej;s iudc foaYmd,ksl miqìu jQfha ,xldj ì%;dkH md,kfha hg;a úcs;hla ùuhs¡ ì%;dkH md,kfha wd.ñl m%;sm;a;sh jqfha tx.,ka; iNdjg uQ,sl;ajh ,nd oSu hs' úfYaI ie,lSula fm%df;ia;ka; yd weka.a,slka wd.ñl wOHdmkhg ysñ úh¡ fm%df;ia;ka; - tx.,ka; iNd mdie,aj, bf.kqu ,nk fn!oaO YsIHhkAg Tjqkaf.a wd.u bf.kSug ì%;dkH md,kh n, lf<a h¡ fuu miqìu ;=< ol=Kq ú.dßfha isá" fld<U flakaøfldg .;a isxy, fou< iy n¾.¾ lf;da,slfhda ;ukag jk widOdrKh jvd;a Yla;su;a j lshd mEu i|yd fn!oaO ys;e;s m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lf<dah¡ fn!oaO yd lf;da,slhkaf.a nÿ uqo,ska jeä iyk ,nd .kafka weka.a,slka yd fm%df;ia;ka; wd.ñlhkah' hk u;h ck;dj w;rg /f.k .sfha Catholic Messenger yd {dkd¾: m%oSmh hk mqj;am;a h¡ fuys§s fuu mqj;am; mQcH yslalvqfõ YS% iqux., ysñhka úiska ud<s.dlkafoa wdrïN l< isxy, úÿy, .ek m%Yxid lf<a h¡ fjia,shka m%ldYk wdh;kh úiska mßj¾;kh l< fn!oaO fmd;aj, ;sfnk fodaI fmkajd ÿkafkah¡ ;j o fn!oaO .%ka: l;=jreka ;ukaf.a u bisjreka f,i lf;da,sl iNdj ms<s.;af;a h¡ tf,i u hqfrdamSh úYajúoHd,j, fmros. NdIdjka" úfYaIfhka u md,s NdIdjg uq,a ;ekla ,nd § ;snqK o ,xldfõ ì%;dkH wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh md,s NdIdj fkdi,ld yeÍu fy<d oelafla h¡ md,s NdIdj fn!oaOhskaf.a Y=oaO jQ NdIdj jk fyhska th mdi,a úIhud,djg we;=<;a l<hq;= nj fuu mqj;am;a m%ldY lf<a h¡ 158

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,xld lf;da,sl iNdfõ ks, mqj;am;a wkq.ukh l< fuu fn!oaO ys;e;s u;jdoh wjxl j oerE m%;sm;a;shla fkdjk nj yeÕS hkafka 1880 oS ,xldjg meñKs mru ú{dkd¾:jdosfhla (Theosophist) jq fykaß iaà,a ´,afldÜ úiska werUq fn!oaO m%fndaOhg miqjh¡ mruú{dkd¾:jdos m%.ukfha m%;sM,hla f,i 1886 § fld<U wdkkao úoHd,fha wdrïNh;a iu. u we;s jQ fn!oaO m%fndaOh 1899 jk úg ;j;a mdie,a 120 la olajd j¾Okh úh¡ [Elizebeth J. Haris, Theravada Buddhism and the British Encounter, 141-142' pïmsl rKjl" wfma .uka uÕ" 46]' uq,oS lf;da,sl mqj;am;a oelajQ fn!oaO ys;e;s u;h mru ú{dkd¾:jdofha fn!oaO mqkreoh;a iu. u fn!oaO úfrdaë u;hla njg m;a úh¡ wef,dahsishia mSßia msh;=ud fuu fjki ‘U- turn” hkqfjka yÿkajhs¡ zzThe coming of the theosophists to Sri Lanka and their activities (from the 1880s on words) had allegedly caused a U-turn in this pro-Buddhist campaigns of the Catholic Messenger ” [Aloysius Pieris, s.j. “The Catholic Church in Sri Lanka During the first fifty years of the country’s Independence (1948-1998)” in A Critical Evaluation of the Post-Independent Period 1948 – 1998, Dialogue NS Vols. xxv-xxvi 1998-1999, 252]. ,xld lf;da,sl iNdfõ fn!oaO úfrdaë u;jdofha WÉp;u wjia:dj f,i 1883 oS fldgfyafka we;s jQ fn!oaO-lf;da,sl wd.ñl fldaa,dy,h f.k yer oelaúh yels h' 1883 ud¾;= 25 jk mdial= bre osk fldgfyafka we;sjq fn!oaO-lf;da,sl wd.ñl fldaa,dy,fha oS mqoa.,hka fofofkla ñh .sh w;r tla wfhla fn!oaOfhl' wfkla ;eke;a;d lf;da,slfhls¡ fuu isoaêh ms<sn| m;a lrkq ,enq fldñiï jd¾;djg wkqj fldgfyak wdik foõueÿrg ióm j msysá fn!oaO mkaif,a úydrdêm;s mqcH fudfydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao fyj;a ñf.Ügqj;af;a Wkakdkafiaf.a ls%ia;shdks úfrdaë foaYkd fya;=fldg f.k bka l=ms; jQ lf;da,slhka fn!oaO fmryerlg myr oSfuka fuu wd.ñl fldaa,dy,h we;s úh¡ mqcH ñf.Ügqj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñ ls%ia;shdkshg tfrysj jdo l< oCI lÓlfhls' wurmqr ksldhg wh;a jq t;=ud Wmiïmodj ,nd ysñ kula jQ miq isjqr yer oud cSj;a jQ w;r miqj kej; ix> Ydikhg tlaùu ksid idufKar ;;a;ajfha miq úh¡ "The Riots Commission [...] Megettuwatte Unnanse is a man of considerable energy and ability, but it would be difficult to select any Buddhist priest in Ceylon whose known character and disposition would be more 159

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calculated to excite angry feelings and provoke the wrath of Christian neighbours. He is a priest of the Amarapura sect, and was once ordained (Upasampada), but he afterwards threw off his robes and became a layman. Since he rejoined the priesthood he has been content to remain a Samanera" [G.P.V. Somarathna, Kotahena Riot 1883: Religious Riots in Sri-Lanka, 5, 7].

fuysoS wmg jeo.;a jkafka fuu wd.ñl flda,dy,hg fmr mqj;am;la f,i ñf.Ügqj;af;a Wkakdkafia .ek ,sms ,shQ {dkd¾: m%oSmfha N+ñldjhs¡ zzñf.Ügqj;af;a Wkakdkafiah kï .+…kdkoh lshkafka fld<U fldgfyafka oSmÿ;a;u úydrfha isg .K nqO mCIh fjkqjg wd.ïjdo lrkakd uqlfjárd< fkdfyd;a fmdia;l fp!rhd o@ m,afndreldrhd kï isjqreldrhd we;=¨ j foaj wd.ug úreoaO j ,shqï lshqï m<lrkakd jQ msßihs¡ [ tneúka u;= lS f,i fkdfhla cd;sj, Wmkafka nqÿka fkdfõ h¡ nqÿka fkdfhla cd;sj, Wmkafka ke; hk njla yÕjkakg W;aiy lrkafka WU,df.a u;h uq.á u;hla, l=mamfïkshd u;hla, f.drld u;hla u úkd fjk tlla fkdfõ¡ ñ;=f¾, .+…kdohd lshkafka nl;jqid h¡ nl;jqid lshkafka uq.áhd h" uq.áhd lshkafka mru uqidjdo fndreldrhd h" fï j.g iqñ;% kel;shdZZ {dkd¾: m%oSmh" 1868 ckjdrs 23]¡ {dkd¾: m%oSmfha mqj;am;a jd¾;dlrKh fujeks my;a ;;a;ajhlg jegqkq ;j;a wjia:djla uE; b;sydifha o wmg yuq fõ¡ tkï ;siai nd,iQßh msh;=udf.a zzußhd iy udkj úuqla;shZZ lD;sh fya;= fldg f.k t;=udf.a mQcljrh ;ykï lsÍfuka Woa.; jQ ;;a;ajh hs¡ ks, iNdfõ mqj;am;a fol fï ms<sn|j jd¾;d lf<a tal md¾Yùh tkï nd,iQrsh msh;=udf.a u;hg bvla fkdoSfuks' nd,iQßh msh;=udf.a lD;sh fy<d oelafla b;d my;aa" .%duH yd fomsg lefmk jd.aud,djla fhdod .ksñka h' tkï ‘Mary and Human Liberation’ kï jQ fmdf;a ku fjkqjg ‘Mary and Hymen Liberation’ fyj;a zzurshd iy lkHd mg,fha úuqla;shZZ hk fomsg lefmk jd.aud,dj fhdod .ksñka h' “The ‘Pradipaya’ went so far as to allow a writer 160

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to indulge in a vulgar pun on the title of Balasuriya’s book, Mary and Hymen Liberation. Lettes of protests were not published by the editor (Ms. Manel Aberatana) but a lame apology was offered for the alleged “printing error”!” [Aloysius Pieris, S.J. “The Catholic Church in Sri Lanka during the first fifty years of the country’s Independence (1948-1998)”, 288-289]. ;j o lf;da,sl f,aLl

yjqf,a le,siagia chudkak yd fudßia fnd,a,E., mqj;am;a jd¾;dlrKfha idrO¾u wu;l fldg nd,iQßh msh;=udf.a u;hg fkdj t;=udf.a pß;hg myr ÿkafka h¡ [Ibid. 289]. “fma%uh ke;s kS;sh iy ks, mqj;am;'” [.dñKS wurfialr" zznd,iQßh msh;=ud fkrmSu ;=< osiajk ks, lf;da,sl iNdfõ jrosk iq¿ ud¾.h" úuqla;s .;sl ls;=kq weiska" 109]' fï ms<sn| j nd,iQßh msh;=ud ksla,ia udlia w.ro.=re;=udg mejiqj o bka t;=ukag iykhla fkdjQ fyhska zzfïl uyd widOdrKhla ZZ f,i t;=ud mejiS h' [ußh;=ñh yd udkj úuqla;sh hk lD;sh ms<sno j cQä mS%;s Woáhdj,f.a ,smsh" ls;=ir - 2003 cQ,s]¡ fuu ft;sydisl ú.%yfhka meyeos,s jkafka l=ula o@ {dkd¾: m%oSmh yd Catholic Messenger hk mqj;am;a ks, lf;da,sl iNdfõ u;h lf;da,sl ck;dj fj; /f.k wdfõ kdir;fha fcaiq;=uka foaYkd l< foaj rdcHh kï jQ iqmqjf;a osjeisjr fufyjr Wfoid fkdjk nj hs' foaYmd,k{hkaf.a n, wdêm;Hh i|yd u; ksIamdokh lrk ftySl fyj;a f,!lsl mqj;am;a fuka lf;da,sl iNdfõ wd.ñl foaYmd,ksl n, wêldrfha u; ksIamdokhg fuu mqj;am;a >Dcq j odhl úh¡ hï hï ld, jljdkqj, yd jßka jr m%.;sYS,s oelaulska hq;a ,sms fuu mqj;am;aj, m< jqj o iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l< fuu mqj;am;a wog;a ls%hd lrkafka foaj rdcHh wruqKq fldg .;a lf;da,sl mqj;am;a f,i fkdjk nj lreKq iys; j fuu ,smsfha u;=jg fmkajd fokafkñ¡

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ls;=if¾ Wm; .sys - mQcl msßilf.a lem ùfuka zls;=irZ 1992 cq,s ui wdrïN jqfha {dkd¾: m%oSmfhka bgq fkdjk osjeisjr fufyjr i|yd Wr oSug h¡ wdrïNfha oS zzi;Hfha;a fm%aufha;a y~” f,i yÿkajkq ,enQ ls;=ir foaj rdcHh i|yd jk osjeisjr fufyjr jvd;a ;Sj% lrñka zzy~la ke;s ñksiqkag lgyvla ''' yola we;s ñksiqkag udj;laZZ f,i ye¢kaùh¡ ,la lf;da,sl iNdj foaj rdcHfha ixfla;hla lsÍug m%oSmfhka fkd,enqK lgy`v ls;=ifrka m%dKj;a úh¡ yqÿ m%;sixialrK ls%hdj,sfhka Tíng .sh jHqyd;aul fjkila uq¿ uy;a úYaùh iNdj ;=< u wfmaCId lrk yoj;la we;s ñksiqkag ls;=ir udj;la úh¡ fuysoS ls;=if¾ Wm;g mokï jQ iudc - foaYmd,ksl yd wd.ñl ixo¾Nh fláfhka úuiSu jeo.;a fõ¡ 1992 jir t,fUkafka 1987 bkaÿ - ,xld .súiqfuka werUQ ol=fKa fojk ;reK le/,a, b;d wudkqIsl f,i 1989 oS rdcH ;%ia;jdoh úiska u¾okh lsÍfuka wk;=rej h¡ 1977 oS rdcH n,h ,nd .;a tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfhka osh;a l< rdcH ;%ia;jdofha m%;sM,hla f,i ol=fKa yd W;=f¾ ;reK ler,s we;s úh¡ 1987 bkaÿ ,xld .súiqu w;aika lsÍfuka miqj mekjQ zwe¢rs kS;shZ iufha wïmsáh cd;sl foõi;ayf,a ifydaorjre msßila wef,dahs mSßia msh;=udf.a Z;=,kZ ksjfia oS yuqjQfha wkd.; mQcljreka f,i ;ukaf.ka bgq úh hq;= osjeisjr fufyjr .ek ;jÿrg;a fufkys lsÍug h¡ foõi;ayf,a W.kajk foajO¾ufhka tu ld¾hh uekúka bgq fkdjk fyhska tu yuqj fuu lKavdhu ;j;j;a Yla;su;a lf<ah¡ fuu fufkys lsÍu foõi;ayf,a oS ls%hd;aul jQfha f.dkaid,afjia isxy, wdh;kh u.ska h¡ zjdia f.dkaid,afjia hq.hla lrd…!Z hk f;audj hgf;a 1988 jif¾ mej;s zfoõ oyï iuq¿jZ ;=,k yuqfõ oS l< fufkys lsÍfï m%;sM<hls¡ fuu foõ oyï iuq¿j weu;Sug wef,daishia mSßia msh;=ud" uhsl,a reøs.+ msh;=ud" fhdydka foajdkkao foaj.e;s;=ud"flk;a 162

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m%kdkaÿ ro.=re;=ud fuka u Tiaj,aâ f.dañia ro.=re;=ud o meñKSu úfYaI;ajhls¡ óg fmr wjia:djl ;siai nd,iQßh msh;=ud o ckjd¾.sl w¾nqoh ms<sn| ú.%yhla i|yd iyNd.s úh¡ tjlg cd;sl foõi;ayf,a woshqre jQ fcda o ue,a msh;=ud úiska ifydaor;=uka,df.a nqoaêuh Ñka;khg ,nd ÿka ksoyi fuysoS uy;a fia bjy,a úh¡ wef,daishia mSßia yd uhsl,a reøs.= hk msh;=uka,df.a foaYk foajO¾ufha kj Ñka;khlg uÕ fy<s lf<a foaj ck;dj kï jQ iNdj ÿmam;=kaf.a me;a; .; hq;=h ^Option for the Poor) hk u;h ;yjqre lsÍfuka h¡ miqld,Sk j fuu u;h tkï ÿmam;=kaf.a me;a; .ekSu iuÉp,hg ,lajQ lshukla f,i foõi;ayf,a jd.aud,djg tla jQ wdldrh wm w;aoelSfuka oksuq¡ úuqla;s foajO¾uh yd wdishdkq foajO¾uh ms<sn| Ñka;kh cd;sl foõi;ayf,a ifydaorjrekag wikakg ,enqfKa tu úoaj;a foajO¾udpd¾hjrekag f,dalfha ms<s.;a úYajúoHd,j, fodrgq újD; jqj o tf;la cd;sl foõi;ayf,ka Tjqkag ,enQ ks, fkdjk ;yku wNsfhda.hg ,la lsÍfuka h¡ ;j o f.dkai,afjia kdgH m¾Ioh 1985 yd 1986 hk jirj, yÿkajd ÿka k;a;,a ù:s kdgHud,dj o fuu Ñka;kh ck;dj w;rg /f.k hdug udOHhla úh¡ 1987 oS isÿ jQ uhsl,a reøs.+ msh;=udf.a >d;kh fuu l=vd lKavdhu ;j ;j;a Yla;su;a lf<ah¡ fld<U moúfha m%.;sYS,s j is;k mQcljre msßila iu. fuu ifydaorjrekag fufkys lsÍug wjia:dj ,eìK¡ miqld,Sk j tu mqQcljreka úiska wdrïN l< zck úuqla;s mqcl ix>hZ o iNdj foaj rdcHfha ixfla;hla úh hq;= nj ;yjqre lf<a h¡ 1992 oS ls;=ir wdrïN jkafka fuu iudc foaYmd,ksl yd wd.ñl ixo¾Nh ;=< h¡ ls;=if¾ wdlD;sh yd wka;¾.;h ls;=ir yd osjeisjr fufyjr ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a ú.%y lsÍug ls;=ir m<uq mqj;amf;a wdlD;sh yd wka;¾.;h úuiSu jeo.;a fõ¡ fuys m<uq mqj;am; olajk ,smskh 163

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kï zzixialdrl" ls;=ir" wxl 22" fldr<je,a," fudrgqjZZ hkakhs¡ tjlg mej;s ìysiqKq iudc- foaYmd,ksl ;;a;ajh u; fuu mqj;am; uqøKh lsÍfuka yd ;u wdh;kfha ,smskh ixialdrl f,i m<lsÍfuka ‘Ydka ms%kag¾ia’ ys Ydka uy;d ienúka u osjeisjr fufyjrlg odhl úh¡ fuu mqj;am; ,shdmosxÑ lsÍug wjYH w;aik fkdìh j ,ndÿkafka uy¨ jqj;a wog;a ;reK yoj;ska fyì ls;=ok mqnqÿfõ ;shfvda¾ ;d;a;d h¡ tu hq.fha fujka ld¾hhlg odhl ùug wjodku .kafka ienúka u osjeisjr oelaula ;sfnk mqoa.,fhla h¡ ls;=ir m<uq mqj;amf;a wdlD;sh yd wka;¾.;h me;slvla f,i ú.%y lrk úg tys osjeisjr fufyjr jvd;a meyeos,s fõ¡ uq,a msgqfõ isria;,h osjH i;am%idoh ms<sn|j h¡ {dkd¾: m%oSmfha fuka u wfkl=;a ls;=kq wd.ñl iÕrdj, fuf;la osjH i;am%idoh ms<sn| m<jQ ,smsj,g jvd ishqï fjkila fuys olakg ,efí¡ zztl u osjH i;am%idoh ,nk ñksiqkaf.a msÕkaj, foúêhl lEu ;sìh yels o@ZZ ñka .uH jkafka l=ula o@ osjH i;am%idoh hkq iudc wd¾:sl iudkd;au;dj ia:dms; lsÍug ls;=kqjkag wNsfhda. lrk foaj rdcHfha ux., fNdackhla jk nj fkdfõ o@ fuu ,smsh osjH i;am%idoh ms<sn| yqÿ Nla;sh blaujd .sh mdjq,q;=udf.a oelaug wkqj rd;s% fNdackh ksis f,i je<oSug ^1 fldfrka;s 11( 17 - 22 & ls;=kqjkag wNsfhda. lrk iqNdrxÑ w¾:l:khls¡ ;j o zwduka;%KhZhk Ys¾I mdGh hgf;a m<jq ‘ohdnr wkaf;daks uqks÷ks’’ ^msgqj 02& hk ,smsfhka idka;=jr ne;sh uq,a lr .;a Ok jkaokdj fy<d olS¡ tu ,smsh wduka;%Kh lrkafka foaj rdcH Wfoid jk osjeisjr fufyjf¾ oS ienE wkaf;daks uqks÷ka Okh m%;sfCIam lrk njhs¡ “fvd,¾ mjqï u; kegfjk ls;=kq y;= iNd” ^ms¡ 03 & ,smsh o kej; biau;= lrkafka Okh uq,a lr.;a nhsn,a wd.ï fÊiqf.a ienE oyu úlD;s lrk wdldrh hs¡ ldjH ixl,amkdjka “.S;dj,shZZ ^ms¡ 04& f,i olajd we;af;a kj wdlD;shlg h' foaj rdcHfha ixfla;hla f,i iNdj oelSfï m%d¾:kh fnd| jk úg bka u;= jk ;u yDo idCIsfha y~ Yíoh zzmqxÑ iqjdñf.a yDo 164

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idCIshZZ kï ,smsfhka o ^ms¡ 06& meúos fidfydhqßhlf.a cSú; wre; foaj rdcHh f.dvke.Su hk f;audj hgf;a ks¾udKh jq zzb;sx isiag¾ZZ ^ms¡ 04& hk ,smsh o ls;=kq mqj;am;la f,i kj wdlD;shla yd wka;¾.;hla osjeisjr oelaulska mdGlhdf.a yo ukig ,nd foa¡ tfia u ls;=ir m<uq mqj;amf;a ixialdrl igyk tys osjeisjr fufyjr myod fohs¡ zzosjeisjre ´mmd;sl f,i ìys jQ fmak lshkafkda fkdfj;s¡ ;u foaYh" ld,h yd cd;sh ms<sn| wjfndaOhlska lghq;= l< TjqyQ ish,af,da u f,dalh lvd ì| f.dvk.kq i|yd ;ud leã ì£ mQcd jQy'ZZ ^ms¡ 04&' ls;=ir fcrñhd osjeisjrhd fuka yqÿ m%;sixialrKhg fkdj jHqyd;aul fjkila fjkqfjka lemjk mqj;am;la h hkak bka .uH fõ¡ úis jirla mqrd ls;=ir fuu osjeisjr fufyjrg odhjl jQfha flfia o@ tys bosß .uka uÕg fuu wdmiq yeÍ n,d lrk ú.%yh b;d jeo.;a fõ¡ fuu ú.%yh ioyd z;=,kZ wdh;kfha ;sfnk ls;=ir mqj;am;a ish,a, fuys,d bjy,a fldg .;af;ñ¡ tu mqj;am;a ish,af,a u isria;, (Headline) m%Odk f;aud lSmhlg f.dkq lsÍfuka fuu wOHhkhg miq ìu ilid .ekSug yels úh¡ by; úia;r l< m<uq mqj;amf;a wdlD;sh yd wka;¾.;h ;jÿrg;a mq¿,a j úuiñka fuu Ys¾I mdG" f;aud j¾.SlrKhlg wkqj olajkq ,nkafka 1992 jif¾ isg 2012 hk úis jir ;=< ls;=ir mqj;amf;a wka;¾.;h me;slvla f,i wdjrKh lrñka h¡ tu j¾.SlrKfha wjidk wruqK jkafka fuu ,smsfha m%Odk f;audj tkï zls;=ir yd osjeisjr fufyjrZ úpdrd;aul j úu¾Ykh lsÍuhs¡ f;aud j¾.SlrKh - kj jirg ;srir iduhla ms<sn| ^ckjdrs& - cd;sl ksoyi yd úuqla;sh ms<sn| ^fmnrjdrs& 165

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

- mdial=fõ wre; iy iNdfõ j;ams<sfj;a ûd¾;=-wfm%a,a& - Y%ufha wNsudkh yd ußhdjka ûehs& - fjila yd fmdfidka ûehs- cqks&

- ckjd¾.sl w¾nqoh uq,a lr .;a l¿ cQ,sh - hqoaOh yd idu ls%hdj,sh ^cQ,s&

- mßirh iq/lSu yd <ud whs;sjdislï ms<sn| ^iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;daïn¾&

- u<jqkaf.a ieuÍu yd ne÷Kq hqoaOfha urK NSIKh ^fkdjeïn¾&

- k;a;, yd iduh" k;a;, jdKsPlrKhg ,laùu ^foieïn¾&

—Nla;s m%fndaOkh˜ iÕrdfõ wdlD;sh ls;=ir Ys¾I mdG u.ska ms<sìUq jqj o tys úfYaI;ajh jkafka ls;=if¾ m%Odk isria ;,fhka biau;= lrk f;audj iuÕ wka ish,q u ,sms tald;añl njlska ne£ isáu hs¡ idudkHfhka mqj;am;a wkq.ukh lrkafka ;uka me;a;la fkdf.k ish,q u;j,g fõosldjla ;kd oSu h¡ túg mqj;amf;a l;=jrhd yd wfkl=;a f,aLl f,aÅldjka uOHia: wmCImd;S msßila f,i lsisÿ wNsfhda.hlska f;dr j lghq;= lrhs¡ tfy;a osjeisjr fufyjrlg wksjd¾hfhka u mSä;hdf.a me;a; .ekSu w;HjYH fõ¡ ienE osjeisjrhd hkq ljqo@ wef,dahsishia mSßia msh;=udg wkqj fufia h' zztfy;a ls;= - oyug wdfõKsl jq tla;rd wkkH;djhla o we;¡ thska f;dr ls;= oyula o fkdue;¡ ta osjeis (Prophetic) oelau h' foaj wei fyj;a “osjei” my< jkafka ls;=kqjd iudch ;=< isák ia:dkhg wkqjh¡ Tyq .kakd ia:djrhg wkqj h¡ ta ksid ls;=kq wei fld;ekl msysgd we;a o hkq m<uqfjka u úuish hq;= m%Yakh h' […] nhsn,fha b.ekaùug wkqj fuu ia:djrh 166

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

oßø ck;dj h¡ hdfõ ^YHWH}hyaafõya& kï ,;a f,dõ;=rd foú÷ka ;ukajykafia nhsn,fha y÷kajd oS we;af;a jy,a ck;djla ksjy,a njg m;alrk mrfïYajrhdKka yeáhg hs¡ jy¨kaf.a úuqla;s wr.,fha oS m%uqL;ajh .kakd woDIHudk tfy;a cSjudk n,fõ.hla f,ighs¡ fuh nhsn,hg muKla wdfõKsl foaj ixl,amhls¡ tjeks foúfhl=f.a weiska b;sydih ne,Su zzÈjeiZZ hhs lshkq ,efí¡ [kdir;fha fÊiq yd Ndr;fha fcaiqia" 5]' hqoaOh yd iduh fuu osjeisjr oelaug wkqj lghq;= l< ls;=ir ckjd¾.sl w¾nqoh flakaø fldg .;a hqoaOh yd iduh ms<sno ksrka;rfhka fmkS isáfha hqoaOfhka jvd;a u mSvdjg m;a jQ fou< ck;dj iu.h¡ nyq;r isxy, lf;da,sl ck;dj m%uqL isxy, iNd kdhl;ajfha ^w.ro.=re" ro.=re" mQcl yd meúos& m%;sm;a;sh jQ ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj lrk hqoaOh wkqu; lrk úg ls;=if¾ ia:djrh hqo úfrdaë úh¡ zhqo fnr fkd.eiSuZ (No to war propaganda) YsIaG mqj;am;a l,dfõ uQ,sldx.hls¡ fuysoS ls;=irg fldá ;%ia;jdofha f,an,h myiqfjka u we,ùug yels h¡ hqoaO úfrdaë ia:djrhla ls;=ir tys wdrïNfha isg u wkq.ukh lf<a ;u osjeisjr fufyjr ms<sn| ksrka;rfhka u zzls;=ir lKavdhuZZ fufkys l< ksid h¡ hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a jQ isxy," fou<" uqia,sï fid,aodÿjka .ek ls;=ir oerE ia:djrh jqfha hqoaOh jkdyS fuu mSä; fid,aodÿjka u; mSvl hqoaO n,j;=ka Tjqkaf.a md,k ;ka;%h /l .kakg nf,ka mgjk ,oaola h hk h:d¾:h hss¡ ;j o m%;súreoaO u; folla w;r iu.s iïuqq;shlg bv foñka wka mqj;am;a fuka ls;=ir ls%hd fkdlf<a tu.ska osjeisjr y~ hgm;a jk fyhska h¡ fuf,i hqoaOh ms<sno j ls;=if¾ ia:djrh ieu úg u hqoaO úfrdaë ùu h¡ ls;=ir iNd kdhl;ajfha u; ksIamdokh lrk mqj;am;la fkdjQ fyhska tu woSk;ajh /l .;af;a h¡ hqoaOh iy iduh

(compromise)

167

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hk f;audj ms<sn| j ls;=if¾ ia:djrh ms<sn| ;jÿrg;a ú.%yhl fhoSug 2000 jif¾ cQ,s l,dmh fj; keUqre fjñ¡ {dkd¾: m%Èmfha mqj;amf;a mQ¾K fjkia ùu fyj;a zzU TurnZZ jeks wjia:djla fuysoS wmf.a ú.%yhg n÷kafõ¡ fuh j;auka w.ro.=re ue,alï ldÈk,a rxð;af.a zzmQ¾K is;a yeÍuZZ f,i ye¢kaùug mq¿jk¡ imq.ialkafoa rxð;a fmf¾rd kï jq w§k ^Èjeisjr& f,aLlhdf.a ,smshla fuys,d Wmqgd olajñ¡ zzfm%auh yd m%{dj rc lrk foaj rdcHh meñfKajd …! w;s W;=ï ue,alï rxð;a ro.=re;=ud fj; b;d ixfõ.fhka ,shñ¡ Tnjykafia yd rdhmamq fcdaima ro.=re;=ud úiska MaldnoaO j l< m%ldYhla wmg lshjkakg ,enqKs¡ l=ßre hqoaOh ksid mSvd ú¢k hdmkfha isú,a ck;dj flfrys jQ ifydaord;aul ixfõ§ nj o hqoaOh msgq±lsh hq;= ùfï m%{df,dalh o uu tys ÿáñ¡ ienE ls;=kqlu .ek tf,i idCIs ork lf;da,sl iNdj flfrys ud ;=< n,j;a i;=gla we;s úh ¡ tfy;a Bg miq Èk olskakg ,enqfka rKúrejkag fi;am;d ;,ú, foõueÿf¾ meje;afjk foaj fufyhla ms<sn| j iEu ;ek u w,jd ;snQ fmdaiag¾ h¡ Bg miq;a ±kq;a olakg ,efnkafka w.ro.=re;=ud o óiï fiajl mshjreka o ls;=ok mqnqÿj jeks lf;da,sl jHdmdrhka o rKúrejkag fi;am;kakg Èßu;a ù we;s wdldrh hs¡ rKúrejkag fi;ame;Su;a hqoaOh wkqu; lsÍu;a w;r lsisÿ fjkila ;sfí o@ ^ls;=ir 2000 cQ,s" ms. 08&' wo w.ro.=re ue,alï ldÈk,a rxð;a hqoaOh ms<sn| j wo ork u;h l=ula o hkak t;=udf.a m%ldYk wdYs%;j f.k yer ±laúh yels jqj o fuu ,smsh ;j;a §¾> lsÍug bv fkd;nd mdGl ck;djg th fidhd n,kakg bv ;nñ¡ ls;=if¾ hqoaO úfrdaë ia:djrh mqj;am; mqrdu tald;añlj m%ldY ù ;sîug ksoiqkla f,i ;j;a ,smshla Wmqgd olajñ¡ th kkaok uk;=x. msh;=udf.a h¡ tu msh;=udf.a ,smsfha idrdxYh kï ksl,ia udlia w.ro.=re;=udf.a b,a,Su iEu ckudOHhla Tiafia u buy;a i;=áka m%ldY lrkq ,enQ nj;a Bg i;s lsysmhlg fmr ro.=re u`vq,a, úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o ksfõokhg mgyeks ksfõokhla t;=uka úiska ksl=;a lsÍu 168

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.ek lïmd jk nj hs ^ms' 08&'tu w.ro.=re;=ukaf.a b,a,Su fy<d olsñka *ekala,Ska ik;a m%kdkaÿ ,shQ ,smshl fufia ioyka fõ zzwfma j.lSu fuh o@ w.ro.=re ksla,ia udlia ysñmdKka úiska 2006¡ 06¡ 15 jk Èk fld<U moúfha mQcl meúÈ yd .sys msßi fj; bÈßm;a l< wdhdpkh lshjd uu lK.dgq jQfhñ¡ lf;da,slhl= jYfhka foõmshdKka ;=< ug th m%;sfCIam lsÍug isÿfõ¡ th foú mshdKka fj;ska wd mKsjqvhlg jvd wY=oaO wd;aufha m%n, ls%hdldÍ;ajhla fia uu olsñ ^ms' 09&' §ma;s is,ajd f,aLlhd w.ro.re;=ukaf.a ksfõokh {dkd¾: m%§mfhka Wmqgd olajñka §¾> ,smshla ,shd ;sfí¡ bka fldgila Wmqgd ±laùfuka ls;=if¾ Èjeisjr ia:djrh ukdj meyeÈ,s lsÍug yelsfõ¡ zzfoaYfm%aó rK úrejks" fï rfÜ il,úO ck fldgia tod wdrCId jQfh;a" wdrCId jkafka;a Tnf.a Ôú; mQcdj ksid h¡ ls;=kq wm o ish¨ ck fldgia iu. fuu ienEj isf;ka ordf.k fï ;dla l,a Ôú; mß;Hd. l< ish¨ rKúrejkag o wo ojfia fuka u;= ojfia;a rg /l .ekSu i|yd wNS;j fm< .eiS isák foaYfm%aó rKúrejkag o wmf.a W;a;udpdrh mqo lr isáuq ^{dkd¾: m%Èmh 2000¡ 06¡ 11&'” th tfia kï miq .sh NSIK iuh ;=< ol=fKa iudch u; u¾okh uqod yßoa§ úrejka fødaySka jQ iQ;%h l=ulao@ZZ ^m' 10&' §ma;s is,ajdf.a ,smshg wkqj 2000'06¡11 osk {dkd¾: m%§mh ;u u;h m%;HCI lsÍug iqndrxÑ mdGhla fhdodf.k we;af;a fufiah¡ zztod fÊiq iñ÷ka m%ldY l< wurKSh jpkh fufia h¡ hful= ;u ñ;=rka Wfoid Èú ms§ug jvd W;=ï fm%auhla lsisfjl=g;a ke;¡ ^cqjdï 15 ( 13&¡ bia,dï wd.ñl wka;jd§ka úiska 2001 iema;eïn¾ 11 jk Èk weußldjg t,a, l< wudkqIsl m%ydrh;a iu. u brdlhg tfrys j ks;Hdkql+, fkdjk hqoaOhla weröug wjYH foaYmd,k jevms<sfj, wd.ñl u; jdohlska ikd: lsÍug fcda¾Ê nqIa kï jQ weußldkq ckdêm;sjrhd Y=oaO ,shú,a, fhdod .;af;a o fï wdldrhg h¡ kdñl ls;=kqfjla j isg ú.iska Ôú; fjkilg wj;S¾K jQ nqIa wêl u;ameka 169

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Ndú;fhka ñ§ ;u mjq,a ixia:dj hyuÕg ia:dms; fldg ;u ìß|f.a wd.ñl úYajdih jQ fuf;daÈia; oyu je<| .;a; o tu wd.fï m%drïNlhd jq fcdaka fjia,s nhsn,Sh Èjeisjrekaf. ka fmdaIKh l< iudc idOdrK;ajfha ±lau" Tyq mfil ,d l=rei hqoaOlrefjl= f,i (Crusader) ;uka j y÷kajñka brdlhg yd we*a.ksia:dkhg myr §u foúhka jykafiaf.ka ;ukag ,enqKq O¾u¥; fufyjrla (Mission) f,ig iqndrxÑh w¾:l:kh lf<a oCIsKdxYsl kj-ixiaÓ;sl uQ,O¾ujd§ Ñka;khla (Rightwing Neo-Conservative Christian Fundamentalist Ideology) biau;= lrñka h¡ [Jim Wallis, “Dangerous Religion: George W. Bush’s Theology of Empire.” Mississippi Review, 6072]. brdl hqoaOfhka ñ,shkhlg jeä ñksia Ôú; .Kkla

>d;khlg ,la jqj o fcda¾Ê nqIa tu j.lSfuka ksoyia j isàu j;auka wd.ñl - foaYmd,k u;jdofha iajNdjh meyeÈ,s j fmkajkafka h¡ [C. G. Weermantry, “Illegality and Immorality

of Military Intervention in Iraq” In Dialogue, New Series Vol. XXIX, 2002, 11-30].

uE;l § {dkd¾: m%§mhg fpdaokdjla t,a, jQfha mYapd;a hqoaO iufha tu mqj;am; udOH iodpdrh fuka u udOH wdpdr O¾uj,g wkql+,j ls%hd fkdlsÍu ksid h' “ukakdrï ro.=re w;s W;=ï rdhmamq fcdaIma ro.=re;=ud we;=¿ fou< iudcfha W.;=ka msßila fou< ikaOdkfha uka;%Sjrekg ,shQ ,smshlg blauka m%;spdr olajñka rdjh l;D úlag¾ whsjka uy;d ,shQ ,smshla miq.sh Èk {dkd¾: m%§mfha ueo msgqfõ m< ù ;snqKs' m%§mh fuh m<lrkakg blauka ù ;snqfKa m%§mh o ksfhdackh lrk lf;da,sl iNdfõ rdhmamq ro.=re;=ud we;=¿ msßi ,shk ,o ,smsh m%§mfha m< lsÍfuka f;drj h' fuh fld;rï iodpdrd;aul o@ udOH wdpdr O¾uj,g wkql+, o@” [wcs;a yeâ,s, m%§mhg fpdaokdjla]. mqj;am;a l,dfõ uQ,sldx. iy Èjeisjrh mqj;am;a

l,dfõ uQ,sldx. jkafka wjxlNdjh (Truthfulness), idOdrK f,i mqj;a /ia lsÍu ^Collection of 170

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Information through just means&" jD;a;Sh ryiaNdjh ^Professional secrecy&, m%ldYkfha yd NdIKfha ksoyi ^Freedom of expression & speech&, yDo idCIsh ^Consciencesness&, jD;a;Sh ifydaor;ajh (Solidarity of profession), w,a,ia ;yxÑh ^No to Bribes), ndysr n,mEï ;yxÑh ^No to outside influence&"

f;dr;=re yd u; tlg l,jï lr fkdf.k fjka j y÷kd .ekSu (Separation of information from facts & opinions&, l;D whs;sh yd Wmqgd .ekSïj, § wdpdrYS,s ùu (Respect for copy right ) quoting), fm!oa.,sl;ajh /lSu ^Right of privacy), W;a;r §fï whs;sh (Right of reply), ñksia whs;sjdislïj,g .re lsÍu ^Respect for human right & dignity), hqo fnr fkd.eiSu ^No to war propaganda&, ysxidjg yd ;%ia;jdohg bv fkd§u ^No to violence & terrorism), pß; >d;k fkdlsÍu ^No to character assasination), yd iudc idrO¾u /lSu ^Protection of moral right& hk .=Kdx.hka h¡ fuu uq,sldx. ish,a, u foaj rcHfha m%;smodjka h¡ mqj;am;la wjxl j u fuu uQ,sldx. wkq.ukh lrkafka kï tu mqj;am; ienúka u Èjeisjr fufyjrla bgq lrhs¡ [Ron. F. Smith, Ethics in Journalism, 48-56; http://www. bbc.co.uk/guidelines/editorialguidelines/guidelines/htm ].

,xldfõ fndfyda mqj;am;aj, whs;slrefjda jkafka fj<| NdKav u.ska Okh Wmojk wdfhdaclhka h¡ foaYmd,kuh jYfhka .;a l< Tjqka rfÜ md,k n,h ysñ fyda md,k n,hg tkakg isák whf.a ióm;uhka h¡ mqj;am;aj, whs;slrefjda uqo,a úhoï lrk w;r l;=jrhd yd f,aLlhka whs;slrejdg wjYH foa ,shhs¡ fuu lreKq fya;= fldg f.k j¾;udkfha mqj;am;a l,dfõ uq,sldx. fyj;a wdpdr O¾u ^m%;smodjka& yqfola jpkj,g muKla iSud fõ¡ mqj;am;la mj;ajdf.k hdug wjYH Okh fj<| ±kaùï u.ska Wmhd .; hq;= fyhska fm!oa.,sl yd rdcH wdh;kj, wjYH;d wkqj lghq;= lsÍug tu mqj;am;a ne£ isà¡ iÕrdjl wdlD;sfhka wdrïN l< zrdjhZ fj<o ±kaùïj,ska f;dr ù úl,am mqj;am;la njg uq, § m;a jqj o miq ld,Sk j fj<| ±kaùï fya;= fldg f.k 171

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wkshï wdldrfhka rchg mCImd; u;jdohlg keUqre ùug isÿùfuka fmkakqï lrkafka mqj;am;a l,dfõ m%;smodjka ia:djr j /l .ekSug ;sfnk wmyiq;djh hs¡ mqj;am;a l,dfõ m%;smodjka jpkfha mßiudma; fhdojk foaYmd,ksl," wd.ñl fyda jHdmdßl wdfhdackhla fkdue;s fyhska h¡ fuu úis jir ;=< ls;=ir fj<| ±kaùï m%;sfCIam lsÍu tu mqj;amf;a Èjeisjr y~ yd lemùu ikd: lrhs¡ 1906 jif¾ ckjdß ui 22 jk Èk m%ldYhg m;a jQ m%§mh mqj;amf;a uq,a msgqfõ fufia i|yka fõ¡ zzfmaÿre;=ud fld;ek o Y=oaO jQ iNdj t;ek u fõ'ZZ fuu f;aud mdGhg my<ska uqøKh ù ;sfnkafka .sksfl<s" lgq lïì" isfuka;s yd b;d m%isoaO n%ekaä j¾.hl fj<| ±kaùï h¡ 1906 ud¾;= 19 jk Èk {dkd¾: m%§mh mqj;amf;a fj<| ±kaùul fufia i|yka fõ. zzfld<U wrlal= f¾kaofha w¨;a f¾kaoldrhka úiska 1906 ckjdß 1jk od mgka msßisÿ mrK wrlal=ZZ m%§mh mqj;am;g Okh ,enqfKa flfia o@ ldf.ka o hkak fuu. ska fy<s fjhs¡ uq,a msgqfõ m< jQ fuu fj<| ±kaùïj,ska miqj i|yka jkafka wd.ñl Nla;sh i|yd m< jQ fj<| ±kaùuls¡ zzp;dßl ld,hg ´kE lrk fmd;a" ;=ka meh OHdkh Y; 25hs¡ Y=oaO jQ i;sh Y; 55hs¡ mdo kuialdrh Y; 05hs¡ foaYkd kjfha mika fmd; Y; 60hs'ZZ wrlal= iu. Nla;s jkaokdj tlg úlsKSfuka ls;=kq wd.ñl mqj;am;lg Èjeisjr fufyjrla Wfoid Wr Èh fkdyels h' j¾;udkfha mjd {kd¾: m%§mhg “wd.ñl” fj<| ±kaùïj,ska f;dr j mej;sh fkdyels ;;a;ajhla ;=< ls;=ir tu wNsfhda.h ch .ekSu ienúka u meiish hq;= h¡ wNsfhda.hæ fuu ,smsh ,shk uu o we;=¿ j ls;=ir mqj;amf;a wdrïNlfhda lsysmfofkla j¾;udkfha ls;=ir lKavdhu iu. ilS%h j lghq;= fkdl< o úisjirla mqrd ls;=ir mej;Sfuka m%ldY jkafka ienE Èjeisjr fufyjrlg 172

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

lsisÿ mq¨oa.,fhla w;HjYH u fkdjk njhs ^No one is indispensable). Èjeisjr fufyjr Wfoid j¾;udkfha § ls;=irg ;sfnk wNsfhda.h w;s uy;a h¡ ta ukaoh;a mYapd;a hqoaO iufha ,dxflah ls;=kq iNd kdhl;ajh úiska ziSi¾ iajdñhd f,i i,lñkaZ lghq;= lrk fyhsks¡ ;j o fojk j;sldkq uKa;%K iNdfjka miqj jHqyd;aul fjkila m;d m%.;sYS,s udj;lg fhduq jQ ,dxflah lf;da,sl iNdj kej; wdmiaig yrjk m%;s.dó jHdhduhg ls;=ir wNsfhda. l< hq;= ksid h¡ ;s%foka;Skq frdau$,;ska iïm%odfha ia:dms; pdß;%hka ^rubrics& iy mQcd úêh ms<sfj;a ^ritualism& fuka u ckjkaokd ms<sfjf;a ienE nhsn,Sh wre; úlD;s lrk mQcdúê ls¨g ^ritual pollution& kej; ia:dms; lsÍug iNd kdhl;ajh úiska mQcljrekag yd .syshkag n, lrk hq.hl ls;=if¾ Èjeisjr y~ Tjqka j wjÈ lrkq we;¡ ls;=ir ;u Èjeisjr ±lau wj;lafiare lrk iïuq;sjdofhka (Compromise) f;dr j ksrka;rfhka lghq;= l< hq;= h¡ túg zzy~la ke;s ñksiqkag lg y~la yola we;s ñksiqkag udj;laZZ jkakg ls;=irg yels fõ¡ fuu Èjeisjr fufyjf¾ § ls;=irg ;sfnk Ôú; wjodku todg jvd wo jeä h¡ ukaoh;a mj;sk rcfha u;jdoh iu. lf;da,sl iNd kdhl;ajh;a nyq;r lf;da,sl ck;dj;a wo iu.s iïuq;sfhka ne£ isák ksid h¡

173

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27 foú`ÿka mSä;hka iu`.h i' n' fj,a.u

f,dalh ueùfuka werUqk foõ ñksia inò;djh ms<snò Y=oaO nhsn,fha wdrïNfha isgu wjidkh olajd úúO wjia:dj, iòyka fjhs' foú`ÿka yd ñksid w;r;a" ñksid yd mßirh w;r;a" ta u; foú`ÿka" ñksid yd mßirh w;r;a we;af;a fnod fjka fkdl, yels inò;djhls' foú`ÿka úiska fidnd oyu ;=, b;d by< uÜgul Tijd ;enqKq ñksid fidnd oyfuka bj;a ù fidnd oyug msgqmEu ksid ÿlaÅ; ;;ajhg jegqKq whqreo Y=oaO nhsn,h fmkajd fohs' tfia ÿlaÅ; ;;ajhg jegqKq ñksid kej; Tijd ;eîfï foú`ÿkaf.a wNs,dIho Y=oaO nhsn,h fmkajd fohs' tksidu foú`ÿkaf.a lemùu n,dfmdfrd;a;=j yd taldhk wruqK jkafka ÿlska mSvdjg m;a ñksid kej; Tijd ;eîuhs' tksidu foú ñksia inò;djh ;=, jvd jeo.;a f,i fmfkkafka foú`ÿka yd mSä;hd w;r we;s inò;djhhs' ta ms<snòj m<uq idOlh wmg yuqjkafka Y=oaO nhsn,fha kslauhdu fmdf;ks' 174

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fcdaYma iu`. ñir foaYhg .sh ckhd uq,a hq.fha§ jrm%ido iys; Ôú; .; l,y' fcdaYma yd ñir rcjreka w;r mej;s ne`§u thg fya;= úh' tfy;a fcdaYma ñhf. dia" ñirfha fcdaYma fkdy`ÿkkd rcjre n,hg m;a jQ miq ;;ajh fjkia úh' fcdaYmaf.a ck;dj BY%dh,ajre nyq, f,i j¾Okh fjñka isáhy' fuh ;¾ckhla f,i ñirjdiSyq ie,l+y' tksid ñir md,lhd jQ mdrdfjda rc BY%dh,a cd;slhka mSvdjg m;a lrkakg ;SrKh l, w;r" Tjqka jy,a fiajdfõ fh±úKs' Tjqkag nr jev kshu úh' wjike BY%dh,a msßñ orejka urd oud Tjqkaf.a jxYhu úkdY lr oukakg mdrdfjda ;SrKh lf,ah' BY%dh,a jxYh jòlr ±óu Tjqkaf.a wruqK úh' tfy;a foú`ÿka fudaiia yryd BY%dh,a cd;slhka mSvdfjka uqojd .ekSug lghq;= l, fial' fudaiiag l:d l, foú`ÿka fufia jod< fial' —ñirfha isák udf.a fik`.f.a ÿlaÅ; ;;ajh uu ÿáñ' Tjqkaf.a úOdhlhkag úreoaOj k.k fudr .eiSug uu ijka ÿksñ' Tjqkaf.a ÿla fõokd uu fyd`Èka oksñ' ñir cd;Ska w;ska Tjqka uqod" ta ráka Tjqka msg lrjd" idrj;a úYd, foaYhlg" lsfrka yd ó meKsfhka b;sfrk foaYhlg tkï ydkdksjrekaf.a yd ys;a;sjrekaf. ao" wfudaßjrekaf.a yd fmßiaisjrekaf.ao" ysújrekaf.a yd fyn%isjrekaf.ao" foaYhg Tjqka muqKqjd,Su iòyd uu nei wdñ' ±ka b;ska fukak BY%dfh,a ckhdf.a fudr.eiSu ud fj; ke.S we;' tneúka ±ka b;ska tkak' udf.a fik`. jk BY%dh,a ckhdj ñirfhka msg;g f.k tk msKsi uu kqU mdrdfjda fj; hjñ' ^ kslau hdu 3(7-10 & fuf,i BY%dh,a cd;slhka ñirjdiSkaf.a mSvkfhka uqojdf.k Tjqka ksoyia lr.kakg fmdfrdkaÿ ÿka foúòdfKda fufiao jod<y' tfy;a ñirfha rcq ;Èka n, lrkq ,enqjfyd;a ñi kqU,dg hkakg wjir fkdfok nj ug iy;slh' uuo udf.a ndyq n,h md ud tys lrkakg hk ydialï ish,af,ka ñirhg myr fokafkñ' bkamiq Tyq kqU,dg hkakg wjir fokq we;' ^kslau hdu 3(19-20 & 175

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woo f,dalfha úúO cd;Syq mSvl cd;Skaf.ka ñfokq iòyd úúO wdldrfha wr., lr;s' hï rgl idOdrK;ajh" iudkd;au;djh" ifydaor;ajh rchkafka kï tn`ÿ ;ekl idOdrK;ajh b,a,d wr., lrkag fya;=jla ke;' trg fjfik fudkhïu fyda ck fldÜGdYhlg wr., lrkakg isÿjkafka ;uka olsk ;uka w;aú`Èk mSvdjka fya;=fjks' j;auka md,lfhdao tod ñir mdrdfjdajrekaf.ka fjkia fkdfj;s' ;u n, jHdmD;shg ;¾ckhla jk ´kEu wr.,hla ikakoaO n,h fhdod ue`v,kakg j;auka md,lhka lghq;= lr;s' th wúysxidjd§ wr.,hla jqjo md,lhkaf.a wjika úi`ÿu jkafka thhs' f,dalfha úfYaIfhka kQ.;a l,dm ;=, fujka wr., by< uÜgul mj;S' wdishdkq' wm%sldkq' ,;ska wfußldkq iy wrdìlrfha fndfyda rgj, fun`ÿ .egqï mj;S' wm Ôj;a jk Y%S ,xldj ;=,o 1950 oYlfha iduldój werUqKq cd;sl wr.,h ikakoaO wr.,hla olajd È.a.eiqfKa cd;sjdofhka yd wd.ñljdofhka uqim;a jQ ck;djka yd md,lhka fya;=fjks' j¾;udkfha l=ßre f,i tu wr.,h ;,d ±uqKo" woo th fjk;a whqrlska bÈßhg meñfKñka we;' W;=re kef.kysr fou< ck;dj wo b,a,kafka idOdrK ksoyila iys; md,k l%uhls' ta iòyd j;auka Y%S ,dxlsl nyq;rhla tl`. jqjo n, ;Kaydfjka lghq;= lrk Y%S ,dxlsl mdrdfjdajre th hgm;a lrñka isá;s' Y=oaO nhsn,h mSä; cd;Skaf.a ksoyi iòyd foúhkaf.a iydh ,efnk nj mjik w;ru" ksoyi ,enQ ck;djgo bkamiq we;s hq;=lï ms<snòj isysm;a lr fohs' —;jo kqU my; ±lafjk ksfhda.o fik`. bÈßfha ;eìh hq;=h' kqU fyfn%õ cd;sl odifhl= ñ<g .kafka kï Tyq wjqreÿ yhla fiajh fldg y;ajk wjqreoafoa§ lsis jkaÈ f.ùula fkdue;sj Tyqg ksoyiaj hkakg bvÈh hq;=h' ^kslau hdu 21(12-13 & Tfí ifydaor fyafn%õ ñksiaiq fyda ia;%shl fyda Tng úl=Kkq ,enQ tjekakl= ksoyia lr yßk úg ysia w;ska hkag bv fkdfokak' Tfí foú iajdóka jykafia Tng iqNisoaêh i,id ÿka mßÈ Tfí t¿ neg¿jkaf.kao" lu;skao" ñÈ mefikao fkduiqre f,i tjekafkl=g Èh hq;=h'˜ ^ oaù;sh kS;s ix.%yh 15(12 -13& foú`ÿka tla tla mSä;hd foi mjd fl;rï idkqlïms; f,i ne¨fõo hkak fuhska meyeÈ,sh' 176

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j;auka f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a wêrdcHjdoh úiska hg;a lrf.k iQrdlk ,o rdcHh fõ' wêrdcHjdoh úiska hg;a lrf.k iQrdlk ,o fuu fkdÈhqKq rdcHhkag jkaÈ f.ùfï hq;=lula wêrdcHh rgj,g ;sfí' Y=oaO ,shú,s mdG th ;yjqre lrhs' mSä; cd;Ska muKla fkdj mSvdjg m;a wirKNdjhg m;a mqoa.,hka ms<snòjo Y=oaO nhsn,h fufia iòyka lrhs' È<sòd È<s`ÿ ksid Tyqf.ka whq;= jdishla fkd. kak' wirKhd wirK ksid Widúfha § Tyqg mSvd fkdlrkak' ukao iñ`ÿka Tjqka fjkqfjka fmkS isákq we;' Tjqkaf.ka meyer.kakd whf.ka meyer .kq we;' ^ ysf;damfoaY 22(22 -23 & fï foú`ÿka mSä;hka fjkqfjka ueÈy;a jk wdldrhhs' j;auka iudch ;=, wmg jy,a fiajh wikakg fkd,efí' tfy;a jy,a fufyhg iudkj Y%uh fld,a, lEu wo;a isÿfõ' j;auka OfkaYajr w¾: l%uh ;=, isÿjkafkao jy,a fiajhg iudk fiajhls' j;auka Y%ñlhdg Ôj;a ùug wjYH ;rï jegqmla ,efnkafka ke;' wfma jeks rgj,a ixLHd f,aLK j,ska Ôjk uÜgu Tijd ;enqj;a we;a; m%dfhda.sl ;;ajh jkafka l=fika wvla mqrjdf.k Èú /l .ekSuhs' tksid f,dalh mqrdu mSä; Y%ñlhkaf.a wr., u;=j ;sfí' u;= fjñka ;sfí' tu ;;ajhka ms<snòj wog jir 120 lg fmr º¸¸¸ jeks ,sfhda iqfod;=ï msh;=ud t;=udKkaf.a —f¾reï fkdjdreï˜ fyj;a —fjfyfik ñksiaiq˜ keue;s úYaj m%ldYkfha fufia iòyka lr ;sfí' jHdmdr fyda l¾udka; ysñhka ;ukaf.a l¾udka;h" hka;% iQ;% yd ksIamdÈ; NdKav;a tajd ud¾.fhka ,nk wiSñ; Okh;a .ek ie<ls,su;a jqKd ñi" ta ish,a,gu Ôjh fok lïlrejd lïlre Y%uh .ek .Kklgj;a fkd.kafkah' tfy;a ta ish,af,ka W;=ï Y%uh ysñ úh hq;af;a ñksia Y%uhghs' lïlrejdf.a Y%uh .ek lsis ;elSula fkdlrk fï wd¾Ól l%uh iiqksiqrdfKda fy<d ols;s' Okjd§ w¾: l%uh ukqIH .re;ajh" mqoa.,sl;ajh yd iudÔh Ôú;h b;d my;a fldg i<ld" Yla;shu hqla;sh hk u;h b;d ÈhqKq wkaoñka iy;sl lr,hs' ^ lf;da,sl iudc o¾Ykh 5( 80 msgqj & yd Okjd§ w¾: l%uhla iys; fkdÈhqKq rgj, wo jqjo ;;ajh fufiah' Okj;d ;j ;j;a Okj;a 177

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fjoa§ ÿmam;d ;j ;j ÿ.S njg m;a fjhs' lïlre Y%ufhka iq¿ msßila whq;= f,i m%fhdack .kS' j¾;udk Y%S ,xldj ;=,o isÿjkafkao fuhu fkdfõo@ wvqu ;rñka lf;da,sl iudc o¾Ykh fyda Y=oaO nhsn,h wmg fmkajd fok mSä;hka mSvlhkaf.ka /l .ekSu i`oyd Y%S ,dxlSh ls;=kq iNdj f.k we;s l%shdud¾. ljf¾o@ l%shdud¾. flfia fj;;a fï ms<sn`oj ls;=kq ckhd ±kqj;a lsÍug f.k we;s l%shdud¾. ljf¾o@ wm j;auka wd.ñl kdhl;ajfha l%shd l,dmh jkafka ÿmam;=ka iQrd lEfï fh§ isák rdcHh md,lhka yd iu wiqka .ekSu fkdfõo@ Tjqkaf.a uf.aä l%shd l,dm fjkqfjka fmkS isàu fkdfõo@ Y=oaO nhsn,h ;j ÿrg;a fufia mjihs' —udf.a fik`. mSvkhg muqKqjk kshuhka ksl=;a lrk msKsi whq;= kS;s mkjk kqU,dg jk úm;l uy;' tfia lsÍfuka kqU,d ÿmam;=kag Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislïo" hqla;sho ,nd .ekSug bv fkdfokakdyqh' jekaoUqjkaf.a;a" wkd:hkaf.a;a foam< meyer .kakyqh' foú`ÿka kqU,dg o`vqjï lrk úg kqU,d l=ula lrkakyqo@˜ ^fhidhd 10(1-3& mSä;hdg Wmldr lsÍug lsisfjla ke;s nj ±k t;=udfKda mqÿu jQ fial' tneúka t;=udfKda Tjqka .e,ùug;a Tjqkag ch w;alr §ug;a ish n,h fufyh jk fial' j;auka Y%S ,dxlsl iudch ;=, mSä;hd ;j ;j;a mSvkhg m;a lrk kS;sÍ;s nÿ nr fl;rï kï mekfõo@ ;u uQ,sl ukqIH wjYH;djhka imqrd .kakg yels jegqmla fkd,efnk ksid ;u yDo idlaIshg tl`.j hï jD;a;Sh l%shd ud¾. j,g t<fUk Y%ñlhska kS;sh bÈßhg meñKùug j;auka md,lhska olajkafka buy;a leue;a;ls' 2012-05-06 jeks bßod —rdjh˜ uq,a msgqfõ m%Odk mqj;ska jd¾;d lr ;snqfKa —Woaf>daIK j,g .sfhd;a uyfmd< wfydaishs˜ hkakhs' uyfmd< YsIH;ajhls' th ,nkafka w;s olaI nqoaêu;a YsIHfhda fj;s' nyq;rh .eñ ÿmam;a orefjdah' Tjqkaf.a iykdOdrh lmkakg fmreï mqrk md,lhska fï mkjkafka whq;= kS;s fkdfõo@ Ôú;dkakh olajd n,fha isákakg fyda ;udf.ka miq Wreulrejl=g n,h ,nd fokakg fyda mkjk kS;s whq;= kS;s fkdfõo@ —Tfí mjq 178

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fldmuK nrm;,o lshd;a Tfí wmrdO fldmuK nyq,o lshd;a uu oksñ' kqU,d oñgqkag mSvd lrkakdyqh' w,a,ia f.k Widúh u`.ska hqla;sh bgqlr .ekSug ÿmam;=kag bv fkdfokakyqh' ld,h kmqre neúka keKe;shka jqjo ksy`vj isá;s'˜ ^ wdfudia 5(12-13& is;d n,kak' wdfudia Èjeisjrhdf.a fï joka wfma b;sydifha ljr lf,lg;a jvd wog fld;rï .e,fmao lshd' j;auka iudcfha nqoaêu;ayq" W.;a;=" wd.ñl kdhlfhda wo fudk ;rï ksy`vo@ rfÜ isÿjk uyd mßudK ¥IK" fydrlï "uerlï" meyer .ekSï" w;=reoka lsÍï" m%isoaêfha kS;s W,a,x>Kh lsÍï ±l ±l;a fudjqyq tajd fkdolskafkdah' wi wid;a fkdweiqKd fia isákafkdah' tmuKla kï uoE' fndfyda úg ;ukag ,efnk wd¾Ól fyda idudÔh fyda m%;s,dN ksid fïjdg wkqn,o fokafkdah' iudc ms<s.ekSu wkqj jerÈ lrkakd fukau jerÈ lrkq ±l ±l bj; n,df.k isákakdo iudchg ydks lrhs' wo wmg wjYH jkafka tla wdfudia Èjeisjrfhla fkdfõ' wdfudia jeks Èjeisjre .Kkdjls' foú`ÿka mSä;hka fjkqfjka fmkS isák njg wmg fmkajd fok fydòu ksoiqk wmg yuqjkafka Y=oaO jQ Æla iqúfYaIh ;=, olakg ,efnk —ußhdKkaf.a Wodk .Sh˜ ;=,sks' wmf.a Ôjk o¾Ykh yev .iajk wfma Ôú; w;afmd; jk Y=oaO nhsn,h fufia foú`ÿka yd mSä;hd w;r we;s inò;djhka" mSä;hka fjkqfjka fmkS isàu foú`ÿkaf.a ld¾hNdrh nj;a wmg fmkajd fohs' tfiau mSä;hdo f;areï .; hq;= lreKla fjhs' ;ukg ke;s jkakg fohla fkdue;s nj;a" tfy;a Èkd.kakg f,dalhla we;s nj;a" ta iòyd foú`ÿkaf.a iydho we;sj wr., l, hq;= nj;a" th ;uka mSvlhl= ùug lrk wr.,hla fkdúh hq;= nj;a mSä;hd f;areï .; hq;= fjhs' fÊiq;=uka wmg b.ekajQ tlu heÿfï iòyka jkafka —Tnf.a rdcHh meñfKajdæ iaj¾.fha fukau fmdf<dfjyso Tnf.a leue;a; bgqfõjdæ˜ hkqfjks' mSä;hska fkdue;s foaj rdcHhla fuysu f.dvk.d .ekSu ls;=kq wfma j.lSu fkdjkafkao@ 179

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28 furg úuqla;s foaj O¾uhg fudlo jqfKa @ isß,a tf`âruq,a,

2004-11-24 od ó.uqfõ ;ïñg ld¾Èk,al=f¾ uOHia:dkfha§ fld<U foaj O¾u ksfla;kfha isõ wjqreÿ ämaf,daud m%Odfkda;aijh meje;ajqKs' tys§ fld<U iydhl ro.=re fïßhia mSßia ysñ wmQre m%Yakhla úuiSh' —furg úuqla;s foaj O¾uhg fudlo jqfKa@˜ l%sia;shdks foaj O¾uh" isõ jirla mqrd isxyf,ka .eUqßka yodrd msg jQ 2000-2004 lKavdhfï ;reK ;reKshkag ämaf,daud iy;sl msßkeófï Wf<,g Tjqkaf.a foudmshkao meñK isáhy' .=rejre" úÿy,am;sjre" lkHdfidfydhqßfhda" mQcljre iuÕ foaj O¾u ksfla;kfha wdpd¾h uKav,h o tys /iaj isáhy' fï rfÜ ls;=kq ck;djg ls;= oyu y÷kajd §ug wjYH mqyqKqj uõ niska ,nd msgj .sh ta msßi wu;d tod m%Odk foiqu meje;'ajQfha .re fïßhia mSßia ysñh' 180

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

idïm%odhsl lf;da,sl nfjka ñ§" ls;=oyu w¨;a wdldrhlg y÷kajdfok msßila njg m;ajk f,i ämaf,daudOdÍka f.ka b,a,d isà' fïßhia ro.=reysñ mqrdK b.ekaùfï l%u ;jÿrg;a bÈßhg f.k hk f,io Tjqkaf.ka b,a,d isáfhah' ls;= oyu rgg meñK jir 500la bl=;a jk 2005 jißka miq;a" mqrdK úêl%u u.skau ck;djg fiajh lsÍfï wfhda.H yd wm%sh nj fmkajd ÿka ro.=reysñ ÿmam;=ka nyq, rfÜ uQ,sl l%sia;shdks jqjukdjka" /iajQ msßig isyslr ÿkafkah' ta i|yd fjfyiqkq Ñka;lhska msßila .; jQ úis jir ;=< fï rfÜo isá nj fy<sfõ' mSßia ro.=re ysñ" úuqla;s foaj O¾ujd§ka f,i f,dj mqrd me;sr .sh ta kj Ñka;kh fï rfÜÈ udlaiajd§ iajrEmhla .;a ksid ck;dj w;r uq,a weo fkd.;a nj o m, lr isáfhah' tfia fkdjQjd kï úuqla;s foaj O¾uh fï rfÜ ÿ.S ls;=kqjkag uy;a wdYs¾jdohla úh yelsj ;snqkehso t;=fuda m< l<y' foõ ueÿre ;=< idïm%odhsl j;ams<sfj;a j,g b÷rdu iyNd.Sfjñka" urKfhka u;= —iaj¾.h˜ me;Q f,dal ls;=kq ck;djg ls%ia;= ±lau;a " weoys,a,;a ckhd mSvdj,ska uqojd .kakd l%shd ud¾.hkah" hkak mokï lr .;a ñksia ixúOdkhlaùfï wjYH;djh m<uqfjka fï f,dj fmkajd ÿkafka ,;ska weußldkq rgj,ska ìysjq úuqla;s foauO¾ujd§ mQcljre yd ro.=rejreh' ñksiqkaf.a wd;auh .,jd .kakg lem ù l%shd l< wdh;khla f,dalfha Ôj;ajk ñksiqka Tjqkf.a ienE Ôú; .eg¿j,ska —.,jd .kakg˜ fjfyish hq;=h hk kj woyig fodr werefKa 1962-65 olajd mej;s ii j;sldk uka;%K iNdfjks' 181

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

1986 § úuqla;s foajO¾uh furggo m%isoaêfha y`ÿkajd fokq ,eìKs' ±ka 25 jirla blau f.diah' tfy;a lsisÿ ydjla yQjla ke;' fld<U iydhl ro.=re fïßhia mSßia ysñ 2004 § óf.duqfõ isg u;= l< mekh furg ls;=kq úu¾Ylhkaf.a yd Ñka;lhkaf.a wjOdkhg fhduq úh hq;=j ;sfí' úuqla;s foaj O¾uhg furg§ jQfha l=ulao@ k;a;,a od bmso jir 12 udmsh fijfKa ye§ jevqKq l%sia;= nd,hd lsisod mdi,a f.dia ke;' tfy;a Tyq iskf.da.j,§ cqod.ñl m%Yaklrejka yd jdo újdo lr we;' tys§ Tyq jeäfhkau u; olajd we;af;a cqod iudcfha ySkj hñka ;snQ udkj jákdlï .ekh' 12 úfhka miq 30 úh olajd Tyq fldfya''''' ld iu`.'''''''' l=ula lrñka''''''' flfia Ôj;a jQjd±hs wo;a f,dalh fkdokS' 30 úfha§ Tyq h<s .,S,fha m%d¥¾N=; úh' Y%djl msßilao úYd, wkq.dñl msßilao Tyq yd jQy' wkq.dñl jeä fokd f,v ÿlska fm¿K" kQ.;a ÿ.Ska jQy' ;ud meñKsfha —mSä;hkag úuqla;sh ,nd §ug˜ nj t;=udf.a wd;au m%ldYkh úh' ish,a,ka ish,a,kaf.au ifydaorhkah hkak t;=udf.a m%uqL fy<sorjqjla úh' miqj ls;=oyu njg m;a jkafka t;=udf.a ta u; yd fy<sorõh' 2005 § 500 jir msreK furg ls;= oyu wo foaYSh mQcljre úiska ish;g .kq ,en ;sfí' Wreu lrf.k ;sfí' hqfrdamfhka wd fndfyda foa fukau"Okjd§ w¾: l%uhg fiajh lrk ixúOdkhla fia hqfrdamSh O¾u¥;hka úiska furgg f.k wd ls;= oyu"tys m%:u .=ref.a talSh mrud¾:h jQ"ÿ.Skg fiajh lrk"ñksiqka ÿ.S lñka .,jd .kakd"l%ufõohla lsÍu úuqla;s foajO¾ujd§kaf.a W;aidyh úh' 182

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

— wm fiajh l, hq;af;a ÿ.Skagh'wm .; hq;af;a ÿ.Skaf.a me;a;h˜ hkak úuqla;s foajO¾ujd§kaf.a ldy, kdoh úh' ;u wd.ñlhkaf.a ÿ.S Ôú; .eg¿j .ek l:d lsÍu yd Tjqka bka uqod .ekSug l%shd ud¾. werUQ" m%:u úuqla;s foajO¾ujd§ka ìys jQfha n%iS,fhks'ck.yKh wêl n%iS,fha nyq;r wd.ñlhka jQfha lf;da,slhkah'f,dalfha wêlu uqvqlal= ckmo msysáfhao n%iS,fhah' Tjqka jeä fokd ;ukag ysñ l=vd ìï fldgilaj;a ke;s wh jQy'jeäfokd me,am;ajdiSka jQy'Tjqka jeäfokd Ôj;a jQfha w¾O ukqIHhka f,ih'wdydr"we`ÿï yd ksjdi fukau c,ho ikSmdrlaIdjo Tjqkag fkdùh'Tjqkaf.a ksjdi fmÜá ksjdi úh'Tjqka wêl Kh .e;shkao"u<fmdf;a wl=rla fkdo;a wh o jQy' bka by; rdcH md,l Ok ysñhkag jeä mlaImd;S;ajhla m< l, mQcl ro.=re msßila ish wd.ñl idudðlhkaf.a wirK njg ms<shï fidhd hkakg bÈßm;a ùu úuqla;s foaj O¾ufha W;am;a;sh úh' urKska u;= ,nk wm%dKsl ix;Dma;shg fmr fuf,dj§ uQ,sl Ôú; jqjukd ^ wdydr"we`ÿï"ksjdi& iys; mßirhla ish wkq.dñlhkag ,nd §u úuqla;s foajOd¾ñlhkaf.a ÿr wruqK úh' úuqla;s foajO¾ufha W;amdolhd fldf,dïìhdkq cd;sl leñf,da f;dafria mshkuh' Okj;a mjq,l Wmka Tyq iudc úoHd{fhla úh' mQcl jQ miq fldf,dïìhdfõ fndfhkagd kqjr me,am;a jdiSka w;r O¾u¥; fiajfha fhfokakg Tyqg kshu úh' ck;djf.a ienE ÿ.S lfï ìhlre nj Tyq ish oEiskau ±l .;af;ah'ÿ.Skag ;j ÿrg;a urKska u;= ysñ jk ziem;laZZ .ek foiñka foajia:dk j, j;a ms<sfj;a lsÍfï l%uh fjkia lr ckÿl ksjkakg ;uka m%dfhda.slj mshjr .; hq;= njg Tyq ;SrKhla .;af;ah' 183

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

1968 fldf,dïìhdfõ fuâ,ska ys mej;s ,;ska weußldkq rgj, ro.=rejrekaf.a uy iuq¿jlska miq" ÿ.Ska .,jd .ekSfï úuqla;s foajO¾uh f,dj mqrd me;sfrkakg úh' Y; j¾I mylg wêl ld,hla mQcl foiqï wiñka" j;a ms<sfj;a j,g mqreoaog iyNd.S fjñka" Ôj;a jQ ,;ska weußldkq rgj, ls;=kq ck;djg isÿj we;s fN!;sl fi;la ke;s nj;a" Tjqka Èfkka Èk oßø;djfha m;a,gu f.dÿrej wld,fha frda.Sj wvq jhiska ñh hk nj;a foaj O¾ujd§kaf.a w;a±lSu úh' ta ck;dj .ek ÿlg m;aj iykh m;d hdÉ{d lsÍfï muKla fh§fï M,h l=ula±hs ;uka w;r §¾>j idlÉPd l, Tjqyq" ish ÿ.S wd.ñl ne;su;=ka wirK Ndjfhka uqojd .ekSfï l%shdud¾. ish oyu yryd .ekSug Tjqyq ;Skaÿ l,y' ;uka fuf;la Okj;=kag yd n,j;=kag mlaIj l%shd lsÍu .ek ukia:dm jQ Tjqyq" ÿ.Slu f,dalfha mdmsIaG ;;a;ajhla nj;a"ta mdmsIaG ;;a;ajfhka ish rgj, ck;dj .,jd .ekSu ish kQ;k j.lSu nj;a ;srj ;Skaÿ l,y' 1970 ueks,dfõ mej;s wdishd lf;da,sl ro.=re iïfï,kfha §" wdishdfõ ck.yk nyq;rh wka; ÿ.Ska nj;a" ta ÿ.Ska ueo iY%sl iqfLdamfNda.S ¥m;la jeks lf;da,sl iNdjla mj;ajdf.k hdu mdmhla nj;a " idudðl ro.=rejre ;SrKh lr we;' ta mdmfhka ñfokakg ;uka ÿ.Skaf.a me;a; .; hq;= njg wdishd ro.=rejre tys§ ;Skaÿ l,y' 1986 ckjdß 15-23 olajd ;dhs,ka;fha yjdhka kqjr mej;s wdishd ro.=re iïfï,kfha § o wdishd lf;da,sl iNdj È<s`ÿkaf.a ksfhdað;hka úh hq;= nj ;SrKh lr we;' wdishdfõ ro.=rejre 43 Bg iyNd.S ù ;SrKhg tl`.j we;' 184

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

mdlsia:dkh" bkaÈhdj" fkamd,h" Y%S ,xldj" nx.,sfoaYh" ;dhs,ka;h" bkaÿkSishdj" ms,smSkh" cmdkh" fldßhdj" ;dhsjdkh yd fydxfldx hk rgj,a Bg iyNd.S ù we;' Y%s ,xldj ksfhdackh lf,a Tiaj,aâ f.dañia yd úhdks m%kdkaÿ ro.=rejreh' ^tfy;a Tjqyq ;u rg meñK ta ;SrK l%shd;aul lf,a ke;'& iudc m;af,a wäfhau isrù isák ÿ.S ñksiqka yd lf;da,sl iNdj ;Èkau iïnkaO úh hq;= njg wdishd ro.=rejre tys§ ;SrKh l,y'wdishdkq rgj, È<s`ÿlu msgq±lSu i`oyd .;jQ jir 26 ;=< ^1970-96& lf;da,sl iNdj ish rgj, .;a mshjr tys§ iudf,dapkhg Ndckhj we;' wdishdfõ iudc pdß;%" ¥Is; foaYmd,k jd;djrK yd oßø;djh ueo" u¾Okhg yd ÿIalr;dj,g ueÈj fjfyfiñka Èú f.fjk" wka; mSä; ck;djg .e,ùu ,ndfok" ienE ñksia wdh;khla njg wdishdkq lf;da,sl iNdj mßj¾;kh lsÍug tys§ ;Skaÿjla f.k we;' 1986 foieïn¾ 5-6-7 Èkj, ;ïñg ld¾Èk,a l=f¾ uOHia:dkfha§ mej;s .sys- meúÈ - mQcl- ro.=re cd;sl iuq¿fõ § Y%S ,xld .sys kdhlhkao ta woyia ms<s.;af;ah' ta —;ïñg iuq¿j˜ Y%S ,xldjg foúhka ÿka —mKsjqvhla ˜ f,i tla mshkula úiska ú.%y lr ±lajqKs' Y%S ,xld lf;da,sl iNdjo È<s`ÿkag wh;a yd È<s`ÿka fjkqfjka lemù l%shd lrk" ck;dj È<s`ÿlñka .,jd .kakd ck tl;=jla úh hq;= njg tys§ ;Skaÿjla .ekqKs' tu iuq¿jg fld<U - y,dj;- uykqjr - hdmkh;%Sl=Kdu,- uvl,mqj - .d,a, - wkqrdOmqr - nÿ,a, hk ro.=re moú ksfhdackh lrñka .syshka 50 g wêl msßila o iyNd.S jQy' 185

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

tod furg .sys ¥; fiajd Ndrj isá fykaß .=Kj¾Ok ysñ yd tod furg cd;sl ro.=re iïfï,k iNdm;s m%ekala udlia m%kdkaÿ ysño Bg iyNd.S jQy' ,;ska weußldkq rgj,ska ìysj ^ n%iS,h - wd¾fckaákdj - Ñ,Sh - fldf,dïìhdj - fjksishq,dj - kslr.=jdj - mekudj - fnd,súhdj - fmare yd mer.=fõ& wdishd ro.=re iuq¿j yryd furgg meñKs úuqla;s foaj O¾ufha ,laIK lSmhls' th" merKs ngysr foaj O¾uhg imqrdu tfrysh' merKs ngysr foaj O¾uh ish fiajd ,nkakka lr .;af;a n,j;=ka yd Okj;=kah' úuqla;s foaj Od¾ñlhka ish fiajd ,nkakka lr .;af;a ÿ.Ska - wirKhka yd ÿn,hkah' ngysr foaj O¾uhg wkqj lf;da,sl iNd jHqyfha by< ia:rh mdma - ldÈk,a - ro.=re - mQcl úh' úuqla;s foajO¾uh hgf;a iNd jHqyfha by< ia:rh úh hq;af;a .syshka h'^ f,dj yeu rglu lf;da,sl iNdfõ ck nyq;rh .syshkah' ÿ.S .syshka h'& úuqla;s foajO¾uh bf.k f.k weoysh hq;= fkdj yß f;areï .ekSulska jgydf.k Ôj;a úh hq;= l%uhlah'

È<s`ÿka flfrys jeä ukdmh wjOdrKh l, 1979 fulaisfldafõ mshqí,d ys mej;s weußldkqq lf;da,sl ro.=re iïfï,kfha §" úuqla;s foaõ oyï weÿrka m%ldY lf<a " f,dj yeu rglu lf;da,sl iNd ;=, .syshka f.a ld¾hhka mq¿,a l, hq;= njh' úfYaIfhkau hqla;sh yd idOdrK;ajh ms<sn`o lghq;= j,§" lf;da,sl iNd jeä wjOdkhla fhduq l, hq;= nj h' ÿ.S ck nyq;rfha ysñlï"Okj;a iq¿ msßila úiska iskak 186

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

lrf.k isàu —urKsh mdmhla˜ nj Tjqyq tys§ ifya;=lj fmkajd § we;' iudc iïm;a ^bvï"/lshd"wdodhï& widOdrK f,i fn§u" ú/lshdj yd ksjdi ys`.h" kd.ßl uqvqlal=" ì`o jefgk mjq,a Ôú;"úuqla;s foajO¾uh y`ÿkajkafka l%sia;= úfrdaë ;;a;aj f,ih' foaYmd,k yd iudc fjkialï i`oyd ta ta rgj, lf;da,sl iNd l%shdldßj iyNd.S úh hq;= nj úuqla;s foajjdÈkaf.a fhdackdjh' ta kj ls;= oyï jHdmdrh" wdishd ro.=re iïfï,kh yryd furgg wd.ukh jQfha bka§h yd ms,smamSk l%shdlrlï iu.h' yÈisfha ñh .sh uykqjr ysgmq ro.=re ,sfhda kdkdhlaldr ysñ" ,xld iNdfõ ^l,ska tx.,ka; iNdfõ& l=reKE., ,laIauka úl%uisxy ro.=re ysñ";siai nd,iQßh yd wef,dhs mSßia mshjre isß,lg úuqla;s foajO¾uh y`ÿkajd ÿka mqfrda. dóka jQy' miqj Íâ fI,agka m%kdkaÿ"ir;a boaou,af.dv",hk,a m%kdkaÿ"cQâ ,d,a m%kdkaÿ"Ydka;s l=ud¾ fyÜáwdrÉÑ" weka;ks isß,a mshjreo ú'f,'mSßia uy;do furgg úuqla;s foajO¾uh isxyf,ka y`ÿkajd ÿka mqfrda.dóka jQy' 1988 § furg lf;da,sl iNdjo ÿ.Skaf.a me;a; .ekSug ;Skaÿ lf,ah'tu ;Skaÿj rgg l, m%ldYhg w;aika lr ;snqfKa m%ekala udlia m%kdkaÿ ro.=re iu`. ks'u'ks mQcl kdhl wekaia,ï is,ajd mshku yd ksõgka m%kdkaÿ ^tjlg mej;s Y%S ,xld lf;da,sl ix.ufha iNdm;s & uy;dh' wo furg .sys lf;da,sl ixúOdk tllaj;a ke;';siai nd,iQßh n`ÿ mshjre yd ,sfhda kdkdhlaldr n`ÿ ro.=rejre ke;'uhsl,a reøs.= n`ÿ mshjreo ke;' 187

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

úuqla;s foajO¾uh furgg isxyf,ka y`ÿkajd oqka yd úúO m%pdrl jHdmdr f.dvke.+ mQcl .sys msßi w;r taldnoaO;djla f.dvk.k f,i jrla uu ßâ fI,agka m%kdkaÿ mshkug fhdackd lf<ñ' lsisjlau kQks' wo úuqla;s foajO¾uh .ek l:d lrk yd l%shdlrk lsisÿ uQ,slfhl= furg ke;' m%Yakh ke.+ fïßhia mSßia ysñ wo;a fld<U iydhl ro.=reh'

188

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

29 ls;=ir l%sia;= úuqla;s Ñka;kfha m%ldYkhls úf,a mSßia

ksy`v lrkq ,nk ck;djf.a y`vg y`vlaùu ls;=kq úuqla;s jHdmdrfha m%n, fufyjrls' n,j;ayQ ÿn, ck;dj ksy`v lrj;s' kuq;a ck;dj iuÕ Ôj;afjñka Tjqkaf.a úuqla;s .ufka fmr.ukalrejka ksy`vlrùug TjQyQ wfmdfydi;afj;s' fuu fmr.ukalrefjda úuqla;sldóka fj;s' Tjqka k.kafka mSvdjg m;a lsÍfïka ksy`v lrk ,o ck;djf.a y`vh' ck;djf.a y`v foú÷kaf.a yv nj TjQyQ woy;s' Tjqka k.kafka foú÷kaf.a y`vh' rdcH n, wêldrfhka" iiqka n, wêldßfhka lrkqfha ;u wdh;ksl meje;au i|yd n,h fhoùfuka ck;dj ksy`vlrùuh' ls;=ir k.kqfha ck;djf.a y`vh' foú÷kaf.a y`vh' l%sia;= úuqla;s jHdmdrfha moku jefgkafka fudafiia;=udf.a lemùfukah' foaYmd,k wêldÍ n,h fufyhjQ fudafiia;=ud tu mSvdldÍ rdcH n,h w;yer 189

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

w,afmaÉP;djh je<|f.k mSä;hkaf.a úuqla;shg lemjQy' mSä;hkaf.a foúfhda muKla ienE foúhka hkak t;=ud wjfndaO lr.;ay' ls;=ir .sys mQcl meúos ix>h fudaieis m%jdyhg tl;=jkqfha Tjqkao —w,afmaÉp;djh˜ f;dardf.k mSä;hkaf.a foú÷ka ienE jQ tlu foú|dfKda hehs ms<s.ksñka mSä; ck;djf.a —kslauhEug˜ fmr.ukalrejka ùfukah' —ish ndyqfjka t;=udfKda úl=ï mE Wv`.= Woï is;e;a;ka úiqrejd yer" uy krm;Ska isyiqkaj,ska my; fy,d §khka by< kxjd Wiia l< fial'˜ Æla 1(51-52 ußh;=ñh ;u Wodk .S;fhka y`vk.d lshkafka fï msä;hka" §khka uqod,k" úuqla;sfha foú÷ka ;uka woyk njh' tfukau úuqla;s b;sydifha i;H;djho t;=ñh t<sorõ lrhs' ienE ußh Nla;sfhka ieußh hq;af;a fï ußh;=ñhf.a foú÷kajh' tf,i n,k úg" úuqla;sodhlhdKkaf.a uEKshka jk ußh;=ñhg ;u Ôú; ms<sfj;ska —ls;=ir˜ je<|f.k we;s nj meyeÈ,sfõ' tod iakdjl cqjdï;=udf.a —md¿lrfhys fudr.d lshk y`vls˜ wo ls;=iro md¿lrfh fudr.d lshk y`vls' n,h" lS¾;sh" Okh miq mi yUd hk iudch ienE —wOHd;añl y`vg md¿lrhls˜ kuq;a tod ta y`vg m%Yia;u m%;spdr ,enqfKa t;=udf.a fn!;Siauhg fÊiq ±lajQ Okd;aul m%;spdrhhs' iakdj cqjdï ksrEmkh lf<a tod mej;s m%{djhs' fcd¾odka .fÕa .s,S fn!;Siau ,eîfï§ jQfha fÊiq tod mej;s foaYSh m%{dfõ .s,S kj ñksfil= njg m;a ùuh' ls;=ir" foaYSh {dkh" foaYSh m%{dj yd foaYSh ixialD;sh .eUqßka f;areï f.k l%shd lrk nj fmfka' iakdjl cqjdï;=ud fuka ls;=iro fmr .ukalrefjl= njg m;a ù we;' —È<s÷kag iqN wdrxÑh foaYkd lrkq jia" Wkajykafia ud wdf,am l< fial'^Æla 4(18˜ ls;=ir l%sia;= úuqla;sh —iqN wdrxÑh˜ fkdìhj m%ldY lsÍug lem ù we;s nj ms<s.; hq;=h' n, wêldßyQ ck;dj ksy`v ixialD;shl ysr lr ;eîu i|yd fhdod .kakd fuj,ï úúOdldrh' lf;da,sl iiqko fujeks fuj,ï fhdojd .ks;s' —lSlrelu˜ tjeks fuj,uls ' lSlrelu keue;s .=KO¾uh jdHdclrKhg f.dÿre 190

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

lsÍfuka ienE lSlrelu —wlSlre ùula˜ njg yrjd .kshs' ro.=re wdêm;H bÈßfha fï —lSlrelu˜ keue;s fuj,fuka .sys" meúÈ" mQcl msßia ksy`v lrjkq ,efí' ro.=re - mQcl wdêm;H bÈßfha fuu.ska .syshka ksy`v lrjkq ,efí' kuq;a mSä;hkaf.a foú÷ka muKla ienE foú÷ka nj ms,s.kak úuqla;s fmr .ukalrefjda fï jHdc lSlrelu m%;slafIam lr;s' wlSlrefj;s' fÊiq cqod mQclhskag —wlSlre mq;%fhls˜ fciQ lSlre jQfha ienE jQ foúhkag muKs' wo iuyr iiqka n,OdÍkag —ls;=ir˜ wlSlre mq;%fhls' kuq;a foú÷kag m%ikak jQ lSlre ¥ mq;=kah' lf;da,sl ne;su;=kaf.a jkaokdudk ,nk idka; wkaf;daks uqks;=ukaf.a —lSlrelfï˜ m%;s{dj wmg wdo¾Yhla imhhs' úfõpkh l< hq;= ;ek Okd;aulj úfõpkh lsÍu wlSlreùula fkdfõ' m%xYfha fndaYaia ys (Bourgest) mj;ajk ,o ro.=remQcl ix. isfkdvhl§ ;u jdrh meñKs úg uyd YslaIKhlska hqla;j wkaf;daks;=ud ;u y`v wjê lf<a tjlg tys w.ro.=rej isá i,syishsuka ro.=re;=udf.a fkdmk;alu f.k yermEuh' ro.=re;=udf.a tl tl jerÈ f.k yer olajñka ienE jerÈlre njg ikd: lf<a ;e;s .ekaù isá mQcl meúÈ ix>h ;=<h' fï WKqiqï jd;djrKfha§ mjd wkaf;daks;=ud ;u Ydka; nj /l.;af;ah' w.ro.=re;=udf.a oEia újr úh' n,fhka ks<fhka jeiS ;snqKq oEia wkaf;daks ;=udf.a Kek kqjkska újr úh' ro.=re;=udg m%{dj Wod úh' ;uka jerÈ ms,sf.k Ôú; fjkilg m%;s{d ÿkafkah' ls;=ifrka kslafuk Kek lsrfKka wfma iNd kdhl;ajhkaf.a m%{dj wjê fõjdæ ksy`v ixialD;shl ;j;a fuj,ula jkqfha jHdclrKhg f.dÿre jQ —bjiSuh˜ widOdrKh bÈßfha ish,a, bjid ord isàu uy;aud .=Khla f,i i,lñka widOdrKh bÈßfha idOdrK f,i fldamh m%ldY lsÍu olajkafka —l,n, lsÍula˜ lvdlmam,a lsÍula f,ih' fÊiq widOdrKh" whqla;sh bÈsfha ;ukaf.a widOdrK fldamh ;u jpkj,ska yd yeisÍfuka m%ldY lf<ah' fÊiqg ;snqfKa osjeisjr fldamhls' th ffjrhla fkdùh' widOdrKh 191

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

bÈßfha l=ms;ùu foaj weiska mSä;hdf.a f,dalh foi ne,Su Èjeisjrhdf.a úYsIaG ,laIKhls' ls;=ir Èjefika f,dalh foi n,ñka idodrK fldamh m%ldY lsÍu ienE Èjeisjrhg lÈu idlaIshls' ne.Em;a fkdù neyem;aùu ls;=kq úuqla;s ,laIKhls' ;ulu /l.ekSu i|yd wo fndfyda ÿrg iNd kdhl;ajh WmdhYS,Sj ne.Em;a jk kuq;a —ls;=ir˜ ;ulu ;Hdclrñka ne.Em;a fkdù" neyem;aj l%shd lrhs' iduhsl yd iudc úuqla;sfha fmr.ukalre —ls;=ir˜ iiqfka iy iudcfha —wdlD;s fmr<shlg˜ wdo¾Yhlau fõjdæ

192

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30 iudc úuqla;shg foaj jpkh wekavDD m%kdkaÿ

foúhkag ixfõ§ jQ mqoa.,hkaf.a jpkj,ska foúhka m%ldY lr we;s foaj jpkh iEu úgu úuqla;sh fidhd hk .ukg wmg w;aje,la fjhs' foaj jpkfha ksis M, fk,d .ekSug kï th lshùu muKla fyda th .ek hï hï m%Yxid .dhkd m%ldY lsÍu fyda j¾Kkd lsÍu lsisfia;au m%udKj;a fkdfõ' tajdfhys yrh iudc.;ùu i|yd wms tlsfkld tajd wm Ôú; l%shdfjkays § wÞ< lr.; hq;=j we;' Ôjudk foaj jpkh th lshjkakdf.a Ôú; meje;au m%Yak lrñka th fjkia lrhs' tu yerùug bvÈh hq;=j we;' foaj jpkh weiqre lsÍfï§ ug fndfyda úg u. fmkajQ joka iuQyhla w;ßka lsysmhla ls;=ir mdGlhka iuÕ fnod.kakg woyia lrñ' —wkqka Tng hula lrkjdg Tn leu;so Tn;a ta foau Tjqkag lrkak''''˜ ^uf;õ 7$12& 193

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wm fiiq wh iuÕ iïnkaOlï mj;ajk úg wm Tjqkg l=ula l< hq;=o hkak .ek jgyd .ekaug ks¾Kdhlhla ;uka foi fydÈka ne,Sfukau ,nd .; yels nj foaj jpkh wmg fmkajd fohs' fiiq who ;ud fukau iudk yeÕSï" Wjukdjka iy wdYdjka iy wjYH;djhkaf.ka hqla; neúka Tjqkag wjYH l=ulao hkak ;uka foi ne,Sfuka jgyd.; yels fõ' —wyfia l=re,a,ka foi n,kak' Wka jmqrkafkaj;a" lmkafkaj;a" wgqj, /ia lrkafkaj;a ke;' tfy;a Tfí iaj¾.Sh mshdKka Wka fmdaIKh lrk fial' ''''˜ ^uf;õ 6$26-29& .iaje,a" i;d isjqmdfjda iajdNdúl kS;shg wkqj Èú f.jk w;r wjeis foa iajNdjO¾uh Tjqkg ,nd foa' wo Tjqkaf.a hy meje;aug hï ndOlhla fjf;d;a tfia jkafka ñksidf.a Bkshd ixj¾Okfha m%;sM,hla f,isks' wdydr" b÷ï ysgqï yd Tjqkaf.a ,iaik .ek Wka lror fkdfj;s' kuq;a wms tfia fkdfjuq' úúO wdYdjka b,lal wruqKq isref¾ ,iaik yd .| iqj| .ek is;ñka isák wms tajd .ek fndfyda fia lror fjuq' fï wkqj wmf.a Ôú;j, foúhkaf.a wruqK leue;a;g msgqmd th úkdY lr .ksuq' ta ksid lEu we÷u jeks foa .ek lror fkdjk f,i;a" foúmshdfKda tajd wmg .e<fmk f,i ,nd fok nj úYajdi lrk f,i;a" thska ;Dma;su;a ù i;=áka bkakd f,i;a fuu joka wmg lshd foa' ixlS¾K ñksia iudchg lEu we÷ï" mdi,a" ksjdi" fnfy;a fya;a "frday,a jeksoE wjYHh' tajd ksmoúh hq;=fõ' tajd ksmoùu /lshdjla njg m;a fõ' by; jdlHfhka fõjd fkdlrk f,i mjikjd fkdfõ' kuq;a hym;a iudchl meje;aug fuys mj;sk mßydksfha iSudjka jgyd .kakd f,i bÕshla lrhs' —Tn udf.a O¾ufhys msysgd mj;skqfha kï ieneúkau Tn udf.a f.da,fhdah' Tn i;Hh wjfndaO lr .kakdyqh' i;Hh Tn ksoyia lrhs'˜ ^cqjdï 8$31& 194

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

—i;Hh˜ tkï ish,af,ys —we;s ieáh˜ olskakg wmyiqh' ukao b;d myiqfjka olakg yelafla ñksid wd;auh mokï lr ksmojQ i;H mokï lr.;a u;=msghs' ienEj fuu u;=msg fmfkk fohska jeiS we;' ienEj olskakg kï fuu fndrej úksúo ±lsh yels ±laula wjYHh' tu ±lau we;s jkakg kï fÊiqf.a O¾ufhys yeisfrkafkla úh hq;= nj fÊiq mjihs' Wkajykafiaf.a O¾uh kï fm%auhhs' fm%au lrkakd ;=< wd;auh Èh ù hhs' fÊiq fiiq whf.a hym;g uq,a ;ek fohs' fuf,i ,efnk yß f;areï .ekSu" f,dalfha mj;sk fndreldrlu" /já,a, yd ujdmEu miqìï lr .;a ñksia iudch fõokdjg m;a lrk" th wjq,a cd,djla njg m;a lrk mdmldÍ ñksia l%shdjka wjfndaO lr .ekSug iy tajdhska ksoyia ùug fodr yßhs' fujka fm%aukSh ±laula ke;s ;eke;a;d tu mdmldÍ l%shdjla i;=áka je<|f.k iudchu ÿlg m;a lrhs' hfula ñksia iudch ;=< f.dvk.d we;s fndrej mokï lr .;a ixl,am" ms<s.ekSï" úYajdihka" m%;sm;a;s wdl,am iy isß;a iudchg fõokdj f.k fok nj;a hym;a iudchla ìysùu i|yd tajd ;jÿrg;a fkdmej;sh hq;= nj wjfndaO jk úg i;Hh iudcfha moku njg m;a jkq we;' —bjis,sjka;" lreKdjka;" wkqka .ek B¾IHd fkdjk" ;uka mdrÜgq lr fkd.kakd ;uka .ek Wv.= fkdjk" kmqr iÕjd fkd.;a yksl fkdlsfmk wúkS; fkdjk wkqkaf.a jro .ek i;=gq fkdjk yß foa .ek i;=gq jk úYajdijka; nj ìys lrk ish,a, ord .kakd fm%auh ^fldßka;s 13$4-7& mK .ekafjkafka fujeks i;H n,.ekajQ O¾ufhys Ôj;aùug uq,alr.;a iudchlhhs uu úYajdi lrñ' O¾uh weoysu kï fm%aufhys Ôj;aùuhs' wo ñksid meg,S we;s bula fldkla fkdfmfkk úI lgq .df,ka ñfokakg wjYH jk W;a;Í;r n,fõ.h jkafka fm%auh nj meyeÈ,sh' ienE fm%auh mj;sk mßirhl tys isis, w;aúÈh yelsh' .idlEu" Wÿrd.ekSu" whs;sjdislï fkd§ isàu" 195

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fmkqfka ke;' kele;a ;snqfKa ke;' fufia mj;sk fmdf<j u; wdf,dal YÍr we;s i;ajhd .uka lrkd úg Tjqkaf.a YÍrfha wdf,dalfhka fmdf<dj olsk w;r" tl, fmdf<dj lsß yd fj`vre ñY%s; øjHhla fia ;snqKs' tys iqjò wd.%yKh l, f,da, i;ajfhla ri fmdf<dj we`.s,af,ka f.k Èj .d ri ne,Sh' th b;d rij;a neúka w;ska f.k j<òkakg úh' fï ÿgq wfkla i;ajfhdao fudjQyQ wkq.ukh lf<dah' wk;=rej ri jeà f,da, is;ska ri fmdf<dj wkqNj lf<dah' wk;=rej fudjqkaf.a YÍrhkaf.a wdf,dalh ke;sù f.dia YÍr r¿ jkakg úh' tfia ùu;a iu`. br iò m%lg úh' ojia" udi we;s nj ±fkkakg' úh br m%lg ùu;a iu`. YÍrhkaf.a ,iaik" wj,iaik ±lSfï uki my< úh' fï ish¿ foh;a iu`. ri fmdf<dfõ ri myù .sfhah' ta ksid Tyq fYdal úh' wk;=rej N+ñfhka yg .;a ìï mmvï ^ ó meKss msreKq y;= yd iudk fohla & fudjqka wdydrh fldg .;af;dah' fï wdydrh iu`. ;j;a fudjqkaf.a YÍr r¿ úh' wk;=rej ìï mmvï ke;s ù .sfhah' wk;=rej nod ,;d je,a yg .;af;ah' th wkqNjfha§;a YÍr r¿ úh' nod ,;d wjika úh' wk;=rej we,ayd,a we;s úh' fmd;a; ke;s yd,a f,iu wiajekak fk<d .; yels øjHhls' fuh wkqNjfha§ fudjqkaf.a is;a ;=, rd.h we;s ù" mqreI ,laIKhka wkqj Tjqkaf.a YÍr y`ÿkd .;a w;r" rd. is;ska u;a ù ia;%s mqreIhka w;r ldufNda.h we;s úh' fufia ldufNda.fha fhfok jqka flf¾ iuyre ms<sl=,a lf<ka f.du mia .id fudjqka m<jd yeßfhda h' wk;=rej ldufNda.fha fhfokdjqka iudcfhka fjkaj ta lghq;af;a fhfokq jia ksjdi ilid .;af;ah' fï fjki mokï fldg f.k tÈfkod fNdackhg wjYHh OdkH /ia lrf.k" tÈfkod wiajekak fk<d .ekSfï ksr; jQjka Èk lSysmhla iòyd OdkH /ia lr .ksñka .nvd lr .ksñka ldu fNda.fha fhÿfKah' fï jk úg we,a yd,a ke;sù we,a ù we;s ù ;snqKq w;r" tfia we;s jQ ù /ia lr .ekSu ksid ys`. jQ wdydr j.d lrkakg isÿ úh' fnod fjka lr.;a tlsfkldf.a bvï j, j.d lrkakg úh' fï iudc l%uh ;=, wksldf.a wiajekak 199

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fidrd .ekSfï is; fldgilg my< ú fidrlï we;s úh' wk;=rej ish¿ fokd /iaù fï fidr Wjÿfrka fíÍu iòyd f;dard.;a kdhlhl= m;a fldg" o`vqjï lsÍu Tjqkag kshu flßKs' tfia m;a l, mqoa.,hdg bvï ysñhka nÿ f.ùula l, w;r" rdcH ixl,amh olajd iudch mßj¾;kh jQ wdldrhla w.a.{ iQ;%fha úia;r fõ' fï iudc ú.%yh lsÍu iòyd nqÿka jykafia f,dal W;amdo .%ka:fha lreKq Wmqgd .;a nj wgqjd fmd;a j, iòyka fõ' Y=oaO nhsn,fha ñksidf.a wdrïNh .ek iòyka lrk W;am;a;s fmdf;a iòyka ueùfï l;kaorho tjlg f,dalh ueùu ms<snò mej;=kd jQ l;dkaorhla mokï lr .ksñka myod we;' nhsn,a úYdrohska mjik mßÈ nhsn,fha iòyka f,dal W;amdo l;dkaorh wfkla l;dkaor w;ßka iqúfYaIs jkafka ;ykï .i we;=,;a ùu mokï fldg f.kh' w.a.{ iQ;%fha ±lafjk mßÈ wdrïNfha wkaOldrh úh' wdf,dalh meñKs miq wyi fmdf<dj fjkafjkaj ±l .; yels fjk f,i oDIHudk jQ w;r" br" yò" ;drld we;s úh' óg iu.dój W;am;a;s fmdf;a iòyka fojeks ueùï l;dkaorh ;=, foúhka uejQ ñksid iy .eyeKsh ruKSh jQ ;ykï .fia f.ä ±l" thg f,d,a jk wdldrh iòyka fõ' ta iòyd uq,a ñksia hqj< fm<fUk Tjqkaf.au wNHka;r jQ reÑfha ye`.Su i¾mhdf.a rEmlfhka ixfla;j;a jk nj nhsn,fha uq,a msgm;a fyfn%õ w¾:fhka ú.%y lrk úYdrohska lreKq iys;ju myod § we;' flfia fj;;a ta wjia:dj ms<sìUq lrk foaj jpkh foi n,k l," —we;a;gu thska kiskafka ke;' ula ksido kqU,d thska lk ojfia § kqU,df.a weia wefrk nj;a" kqU,d hym; yd kmqr ±kf.k foúhka jykafiag iudk jk nj;a" foúhka jykafiaa okakd fialehs ia;%shg lSh' ia;%Sh jkdyS ta .y lEug fydò njo" th weia j,g m%sh njo" kqjK ,eîu iòyd wdYd úh hq;= .yla njo" ±l tys f.ä f.k lEjdh'˜ 200

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fï ú.%yh;a w.a.{ iQ;%fha tk ú.%yh;a w;r iudklï fndfyduhla wmg ±l .; yel' ta w;r" ri f,dj ±lSu - .fia f.ä ±lSu ;Kayd is;ska ri fmdf<dj f,j lEu - .fia f.ä lEug fydò nj is;d reÑfhka f.ä lvd lEu ld,hdf.a wejEfuka we,a yd,a wkqNj ;=, iyÔjkh wysñ ù ia;%S mqreI fNaoh we;s ùu - fofokd k.akj isák nj ±lSu fï wdldrfhka by; h:d¾:hka fol ú.%y fldg n,k úg iudka;rj tla Èidjlg .,df.k hk tla h:d¾:hla u;= lr .ekSug fjfyi ork nj ukd wOHhkhl§ wmg mila lr .; yel' ;Kaydj" reÑh w;r fjkila we;s nj úYdrohska lreKq f.k yer olaj;s' ;Kaydj uu uf.ah lshd hula ±äj w,a,d .ekSu jk w;r" reÑh jkdys iEu flfkl=gu ;sìh hq;= fohls' tkï wdydr .ekSug reÑhla wjYHfõ' tfia fkdjqKfyd;a wydr .ekSug fkdyelsj ñh hEug isÿfõ' muK blaujd hk reÑh úkdYh leòjd .ekSuls' WodyrKhla f,i meKsye<sfha jegqKq l=yqUqjdfia reÑhu f,dalh lrf.k tysu ñh hkq we;' flfia fj;;a iudk h;d¾: O¾uhla fï O¾u ú.%yhka fol ;=,u we;s nj ukd wOHkhlska miqj wmg wkdjrKh fõ' f,d,a ùu" ±kSu we;s ù f,dalh ±lSu" wdydrh ;=, YÍr r¿ ùu" ;Kaydj ;=," reÑh ;=, fmdf<dfõ idrh ie`.ù mßirh lgql ùu" we,a iqj`±,a yd,a l=reg iys;j r¿ ùu" wiajekak wvq úu" fjfyi ù oyäfhka hq;=j we,a yd,a j.d lsÍug ùu" uqyqfKa oyäfhka hq;=j wdydr j.d lsÍu" lgqo" f.dlgqo mßirfha we;s ù mßirh r¿ ùu' flfia fj;;a mDÓú ;,fha meje;au ñksidf.a reÑh iy ;Kaydj u; ròd mj;sk nj wmg u;=jk h:d¾:h jk w;r wm w;aolsk h:d¾:hu;a fuhu fõ' 201

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fuu O¾u;dj u; msysgd j¾;udk f,dalh foig wjOdkh fhduq lrk úg" f,dalh wo wd¾Ól úhrejlska yd mßfNdack úhrejlska fmf<k nj meyeÈ,s fõ' fï w;sOdjkldÍ mdßfNda.sl /,a,g yiqjQ fmdf<da ;,h ord.; fkdyels fõokdfjka je<efmk wdldr ±kg isÿjqKq iajdNdúl úkdYhka ;=, wmg im: ù yudrh' wo wms jeä fofkl= wê;dlaIK k.rj, Ôj;a jqKd jqjo" ;ju;a wfma merKs uq;=kañ;a;ka hemqKd fia f,dalfha iajNdúl iïm;a u; hefmkafkda fjuq' wo mj;sk wê mßfNdack rgdj ;=, mßirhg uqod yßk wmøjHhka kej; m%lD;s ;;ajhg m;a lsÍug jdhqf.da,hg fkdyels ù we;' ñksidf.a wêmßfNdackfha m%udKhg mßirhg wod< iïm;a ksIamdokh l, fkdyels ù we;' kj;u úoHdfõ fidhd .ekSï ;=, we;s l, cdk ;dlaIKh" yß; úma,jh fï jk úg wid¾:l ù we;' 21 jeks ishji wdrïN jk úg mdßißl moaO;sh úkdY jk w;r mq¿,a jk wd¾Ólh úiska b,a,d isák ;rug mDÓú mßir moaO;sfha wiajekak Wmhk Odß;dj blaujd f.dia we;' fï njg jd¾Islj meje;afjk frdau iuq¿fõ§ u;= l< lreKq wm yo ii, lrkq we;' f,dj j.dìï j,ska 1$3 lu u;=msg mia ;Ügqj úkdY ù we;' fï fya;=j ksid §¾> ld,Sk m,odhS;djhg ±ä ydks muqKqjd we;' f,dalfha ;Kìï j,ska 50] lau ldka;dr njg m;afjñka mj;shs' lDIsl¾udka;h wdrïNfha§ mej;s jkdka;r j,ska 50]lg;a jvd ±ka lmd yudrh' b;sßh;a fõ.fhka laIh fjñka we;' f,dj id.r u;aiHh iïm;ska 2$3lau tajdfha Odß;djhg jeäfhka wiajkq fk<d .ekSu ksid úkdYhg uqyqK md ;sfí' m%Odk wdydr ksIamdok l,dmj,u N+.; c,h fmdïm lrkq ,nk fõ.h mDÓúhg Tfrd;a;= fokafka ke;' ^ f;dr;=re Wmqgd ±laùu ixfoaYh 2002 Tlaf;dan¾ yd 2004 ud¾;= l,dmh & 202

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wêl ck.yKhla fjfik Ökfha mdßfNdack rgdj fj; wjOdkh fhduqlr mßirfõ§ka is;a lïmd lrk f;dr;=re u;=fldg f.k we;' tajd kï Ökfha jeä jk ck.yKhg iß,k fia .j iïm; j¾Okfha§ wêl f,i ;K ìï W,d lEu;a" jeä jeäfhka bvï wiajeoaoùu;a fya;=fjka trg OQ,s md;%hla njg ^ Dust Bowl& m;a ù we;' OdkHfhka iY%sl lr .ekSu iòyd ork W;aidyfha§ Ökfha jhU È. N+ñh úYd, jYfhka j.d lsÍu fya;=fjka wêl f,i Ldokhg Ndckh ù we;' fï iòyd N+.; c, ;gdl j,ska wêl f,i c,h fmdïm lsÍu ksid Ökfha W;=re fldgi iyuq,skau úh<S hñka mj;shs' fï wdldr wêmdßfNdackjd§ rgdjla lrd YS>%fhka wefok Ökh ;=, f,dj fuf;la jd¾;d ù we;s úYd,u ¥ú,s j<dl=, Ökfhka jd¾;d ù we;' kef.kysr foig we§hk fï j<dj W;=re Ökfha k.r j,g uy;a n,mEï lr we;' fï fya;=j ksid br uqjd ùu" wkaOldr ;;ajhla we;s ùu;a" .yfld<" f.dvke.s,s u; ¥ú,s m;s; ùu;a tys ck Ôú;hg n,mEï t,a, fldg we;' Ökfha fufia isÿ lrk wêl ìï wiajeoaoùu k;r fkdl< fyd;a úYd, ck ixydrhlg fuh fya;= úh yels njg mßirfõ§ka u; m< lr;s' fï ;;ajh f,dal uÜgñka i,ld n,k úg" bkaÈhdj" Ökh" tlai;a ckmoh hk f,dalfha m%Odk wdydr ksIamdok rgj,ays c, pl%h ìò jefgñka we;' Ökfha W;=re ;eks;,d m%foaY wiajoaojñka Tjqkaf.a OdkHh wiajekafkka 25] u ksmojk w;r fï fya;=j mokï fldg f.k jirlg óg¾ 1'5 lska fyj;a wä 5 lska c, uÜgu my; jeà we;' Ökh iY%sl lrk ly .`. iEu jirl§u úh<S hhs' 1999 .%SIau iD;=fõ§ we;s jQ .xj;=frka ta .x.d ksïkfha Ôj;a jQ ñ,shk 120 ck.yKhlg Wkaysá ;eka wysñ ù we;' fïjd iajNdúl úm;a f,i ye`Èkajqj;a fï wdldr úkdYhllg fmr tu .x.d ksïkh wjg jk .yKfhka 85] nQ .d oud we;' fï fya;= fï wdldr .xj;=r ;¾ckhg fya;= ù we;' 203

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

jk úkdY mokï fldg f.k uydoaùm yd ¥m;a j,g ,efnk j¾Idm;kh wvq ù we;' jkdka;r m%foaYj,g jefgk j¾Id c,fhka 1$4 kej; uqyqog .,d f.k hk w;r 3$4 iDcqju W;aiafõokh u`.ska jdIam fõ' wNHka;r m%foaYj,g jeiai f,i m;s; jkafka fufia jdIamSNjkh jk c,hhs' wêmßfNdack wjYH;d iòyd le,E lmd ±óu fya;=fjka ldka;dr njg m;afjñka mj;sk N+ñh u;g m;s; jk j¾Id c,h 3$4 wdmiq uqyqog .,d hhs' jdIamSNjkhg b;=re jkafka 1$4 muKs' fï fya;=j ksid wNHka;r m%foaYj,g ,efnk jeiai wvq ù we;' fï ;;ajfhka wdishdj" wm%sldj úYd, wNHka;r m%foaYj, mj;sk uydoaùmj,g ±ä f,i n,mdhs' fï úkdYhka ys h:d¾:h fï ,smsfha m%:u Nd.fhka ú.%yl, O¾u h:d¾:hkays m%dfhda.sl;ajh WodyrK iys;j wm bÈßfha ukd f,i im: ù we;' tys iòyka f,dal i;ajhd ;Kdydfjka hq;=j ri fmdf<dj wkqNjh" uq,a ñksia hqj< reÑfhka ;ykï .fia f.ä lEfï mqreoao kej; kej; isÿ ùu ;=, N+ñ;,h ksire ùu" udkjhdf.a YÍr r¿ ùfï h:dr:h j¾;udkfhao wms w;aolsk h:d¾:hka jkafkuq' f,dj jeäu ck.yKhla isák Ökh mokï fldgf.k mßirfõ§ka u;= lrk ;;ajhka fï hk wêmßfNdackjdofha úkdYfha ;ru wmg wjOdrKh lrhs' tkï Ökh f,dj jeäu ck.yKhla fjfik rghs' th ixLHd;aulj ì,shk 1'3 ls' tkï fldaá 130 ls' tfia jqj;a 1980 jk úg weußldj mrhd f,dj jeäu wd¾Ól j¾Okhla fmka jQ rgla njg m;a ù we;' ÿmam;=ka Okj;a fjñka mj;shs' fï fya;=j ;=, mßfNdackh by< hñka mj;shs' WodyrKhla f,i tla Ök cd;slhl= ±ka weußldkqjl= wkqNj lrk W!re uia m%udKhg ,`.d ù we;' fï wdldr iS>%fhka wêmßfNdackjdoh <`.djk Ök ck;dj weußldkqjl= lk ;rugu yrla uia wkqNjh l< fyd;a" jd¾Islj ;j;a yrla uia fgdka ñ,shk 49 la wjYH jk nj .Kka n,d we;s w;r" ta iòyd yrl=ka ksIamdokh iòyd jirlg OdkHh fgdka ñ,shk 343 wjYH fõ' fuu m%udKh tlai;a ckmofha iuia; OdkH wiajekakg iudk fõ' 204

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

fï ,smsfha uq,a Nd.fha meyeÈ,s l< tla f,da, i;l= ri fmdf<dj lk úg wfkla wh th wkq.ukh lf<ah' tajd ;ykï .fia f.ä lk úg wef.a fm<ôu ;=, wdoïo th wkqNj lf<ah' fï h:dj ;=, u;= lrk O¾u;djh kï ñksid wkqlrKjd§ i;ajfhls' fuh h:djla nj ks;¾lfhkau ikd:jk oyuls' fï ú.%yhg wkqj Ökh ;rïu úYd, N+ñhla ke;s cmdkh ;u fm%daàka wjYH;djh iòyd jeä mqr uqyqog fhduq fõ' 2009 jif¾§ uqyqÿ wdydr fgdka ñ,shk 10la mßfNdackh lf<ah' Ökfha ck.yKh cmdkfha fuka oi .=Khls' cmkqka lk ;rugu ud¿ m%udKhla Ök ck;dj;a lkakg mgka .; fyd;a tu u;aiH wdydr fgdka ñ,shk 100 iemhSug uq¿ f,dalfhau uqyqÿ wdydr ksIamdokhka uÈjk nj .Kka n,d we;' weußldkqjka mßfNdackh lrk wdldrhg bkaOk mßfNdackhg Ökqka yqre jqj fyd;a Ökhg muKla Èklg f;,a ner,a ñ,shk 80 wjYH jkq we;' f,dalfha ±kg ksIamdokh jk uq¿ f;,a m%udKh Èklg ner,a ñ,shk 74 la muKs' Ökh bkaOk wjYH;d msßueiSu uq¿ f,dalfha uq¿ bkaOk ksIamdokh;a m%udKj;a fkdjkq we;' fï ;rï bkaOk oykhla ksid mßir moaO;shg msg jk úI jdhq m%udKh fl;rï ±hs Tng is;d .; yels w;r" ta ;=, isÿjk mßir úkdY ms<snòj fjku idlÉPd l< hq;=fõ' weußldkqjl= jirlg mßfNdckh lrk lvodis m%udKh lsf,da .%Eï 342 ls' Ök cd;slfhla jirlg mßfNdackh lrk lvodis m%udKh lsf,da .%Eï 35 ls' th weußldkq uÜgug by< .sh fyd;a j;auka f,dalh ksIamdokh lrk m%udKh blaujd hk nj .Kka n,d we;' fuys we;s wksla wk;=r kï lvodis ksIamdokh iòyd f.dÿre jkafka jkdka;rhs' fï ixikaokfha§ u;=jk jHikh b;d uE;l§u isÿjk ,l=Kq olsk w;r" fuys ñ§u iòyd .; hq;= ud¾.h .ek is;Su ldf,daÑ; hehs ug yef`.a' úoHdj u; mokïj ;SrKh lrk ixj¾Ok ie,eiauj,a wid¾:l ù we;s wdldrh lreKq 205

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ú.%yfha§ wmg ikd: fõ' f,dalhd wdydrfhka fmdaIs; lsÍug l%shd l< yß; úma,jfha wid¾:l;ajh wm ±ka w;aolskafkuq' cdk ;dlaIKfha úhrej wms wo jk úg fyd`Èk w;a±l we;af;uq' tfia kï wm fhduq úh hq;af;a Od¾ñl b.ekaùï ;=,gh' O¾uh ;=, u;= lrk Èú u`. ire lrk im,j;a lrk oyï u`. fj;h' tys§ ú.%y lrk u`. ld,h wjldYh mrhd isák ikd;k oyï jkafka ta ksidh' tjka ikd;k oyï u;= l< fÊiqka" nqÿka ìys jQ iudc jgmsgdj wm ú.%y l< iudc mdmhkaf.a msß mej;sks' tkï mßfNdackjdohg we¿ï lr" lduiqL,a,sldkq Èúhg we¿ï lrk iudc jgmsgdjls' tjka iudchl ufâ msmqKq mshquka fia Tjqkaf.a Ôú; mQckSh jQfha flf,iskao@ fndai;=ka ruH" iqruH" iqN kñka ks¾ñ;" ld, iD;=j,g iß,k fia ieliQ ud<s.djka w;yer" fkarkackd .`.ska tf;rj" fjku Èú fmfj;lg msúi" O¾uh mila lr .;af;ah' ta mila lr.;a O¾uh ;=, mokï ù" w,afmaÉP;djh ;=, msysgd" ix> iudch msysgqjd .ksñka" w,afmaÉP Èú meje;aulg ck;dj leòjd .ekSu ;=," O¾uh wjfndaOlr ck;d yqre lsÍu iòyd O¾u pdßldfõ fhÈKs' fÊiq ;=uka oßø;ajfha wka;h w;aúò" .j y,l Wm; ,nd" ish¿ f,!lsl iqL úyrKfhka bj;aj" fN!;sl rdcHhfhka uq,d fkdù" ck;dj tf;r lrk foúhkaf.a rdcHh .ek foaYkd lrñka" wdka;sl;ajfha ðj;a jQ ckhd w;ßka f.da, /<la u;= lr .ksñka" ck;dj uq,dù we;s kSfrda f.a rdcHfhka bj;aj foúhkaf.a rdcHh ±l .kak ck;dj leòùu iòyd oyï pdßldfõ fhÈKs' fï oyï pdßldjka foflau moku w,afmaÉP Èú meje;aulg meñK oyu ;=, Ôj;a ùuhs' tfia fkdjk ;=rd ks¾jdKh fyda fudalaIh mila l< fkdyels fõ' ta iòyd mQ¾K idOlh w,afmaÉP;djhs' ksjk ,eîu fyda fudalaIh 206

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

w;am;a lr .ekSfï uq,a mshjr thu fõ' ish¿ iïm;ska msß fmdfydi;a ;reKhl"= iodld, Ôjkh w;am;a lr .ekSug ud l=ula l< hq;=o hkak úuik m%Yakfha§ fÊiq ÿka ms<s;=r ;=, fuh ;j;a ikd: fõ' —Tn i;= ish¿ foa úl=Kd È<skaokag fokak'˜ iir laf,aIhka m%ySK l, fndai;a .sh u`. hkakg nqÿkqjd wÈgka lr .; hq;= fjhs' fuh wmg neyer l< fkdyels O¾u;djhls' tfia kï cd;Hka;r fj<ò ud*shdjg hg ù" Tjqkaf.a fj<ò Wml%uhka u`.ska" wmf.a is;a ;=, wêmßfNdackhg fmdf<dUjk ukia úldr ;=," wm ysrlr ;nk úoHq;a udOHh ud*shdj yuqfõ wfma tf;r ùu flfia úh hq;=o@ ta tf;r ùu lrd wmj fhduq lrk wd.ñl kdhlhkaf.a iy wd.ñl uOHia:dkhkays ld¾h Ndrh l=ulao@ isÿy;a iqoafOdaok rcqf.a rdcHfhka bj;aj isáfhah' fÊiqka kSfrdaf.a rdcHhg wkq.; fkdjqfKah' tfia jkafka wehs@ wdf,dalh w`ÿr w;r fudk iïnkaOhlao@ fÊiq úuikakdfia foúhka yd jia;=j w;r fudk iïnkaOhlao@ fï ish,a, ;=, Ym: jk oyu kï fï f,!lsl n, jHqyfhka wms tf;r úh hq;=uh' tod mdrdfjdaf.a n, jHqyfhka ñ§" fmdfrdkaÿ foaYh lrd r;= uqyqfoka tf;r jQjd fia" iqoafOdaok rcqf.a rdcH jHqyfhka úhqla;j" lka:l wiq msg ke.S flf<ia fkarkackdj ;rKh l< isÿy;a f,i" fm!oa.,slj;a iduQyslj;a wm tf;r úh hq;af;uq' fm!oa.,sl wfma tf;r ùu fldf;lao@ wms fldf;la kï wkqlrKjd§kao@ fj<ò ud*shdfõ wfma w;rux ùu fldf;lao@ hkak wms wms .eku iajhx úfõpkhla lr.; hq;= jkafkuq' wd.ñl kdhlhska f,i" wd.ñl uOHia:dk f,i" wm tf;r ù we;s m%udKh yd wkq.; ù we;s m%udKh ;lafiare lr.; hq;= jkafkuq"

207

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=kq iNdfõ wdrïNh fcrei,fï iNdj .ek wjOdkh lrk úg" iNdj hkakg .%sl wkqjdohkag wkqj woyi ì`o .;a úg" tlaa,sishd EKKLESIA EK

- msg;g

KLESIA

- le`ojkq ,eîu

fï wkqj tys w¾:h msg;g leòjkq ,eîu hkakh' tfia kï iNdj msg;g leòjd .kafka l=ulskao@ wêrdcHhdf. ka msg;g leòjd .ekSuls' ;j ÿrg;a wêrdcHhdf.a n, jHqyfhka msg;g leòjd .ekSuls' fï ú.%yh mqrdK .súiqfï foaj ck;dj ^ hyfõ ck;dj & g wkq.; fldg n,k l," wdn%yï f.a leòùu" wdn%yï f.a ckau foaYfhka" kEoEhka flfrka" mshdf.a f.oßka msg;aj" hqm%àia .f`.ka tf;rj" foú`ÿka fmkajk foaYhlg msúiSu msg;g leòjd .ekSula" w;yeÍula .ek l;d lrhs' mdrdfjdaf.a n, jHqyfhka ñ§" r;= uqyqfoka tf;r ùu;a leòjd .ekSula wjOdrKh lrhs' isÿy;a YdLH jxYfha rdcHh jHqyfhka ñ§" fkarxckd .`.ska tf;r ùu .ek wjOdrKh lrhs' fufia tf;r ùu ;=, O¾u wjfndaO lr .kshs' foúhka olshs' h:d¾:h fufia kï w`ÿf¾ rdcHh iu`. uqiq ùu ;=, wdf,dalh w;a±l .; yelso@ foúhka ±l.; yelso@ ks¾jdKh fyda fudalaIh w;am;a lr.; yelso@ wdf,dalh lrd ck;dj leòjk wd.ñl ixia:djka ;=," wd.ñl kdhlhka ;=, ;sìh hq;= wdf,dalh fkdue;s jqjfyd;a f,dalhg wdf,dalh imhkafka l=ulskao@ —YÍrfha myk kï weih' tfyhska kqfò wei meyeÈ,s kï kqfò uq¿ YÍrh t<sh jkafkah' kqfò wei kmqre kï kqfò uq¿ YÍrh w`ÿre jkafkah' tneúka kqU ;=, ;sfnk t<sh w`ÿre kï ta w`ÿr fldmuK uy;ao@ iajdñjreka fofofkl=g fiajh lrkakg lsisjl=g fkdmq¿jk' ula ksido Tyq tlaflfkl=g ffjr ù wfk;a whg m%sh jkafkah' 208

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

fkdfyd;a tlaflfkl=g we¿ï ù wksla wh fy<d olskafkah' foúhkag yd jia;=jg;a fiajh lrkakg kqU,dg kqmq¿jk'˜ ûf;õ 6 '22'24& oyï idrfhka rij;a jQ fmdaIs; jQ Y%S ,xldj ;=," ieneúkau ta ta oyï ;=, O¾ufha wdf,dalh úysfokafkao@ w`ÿr iu`. uqiq ùu ;=, ta ;=, we;s wdf,dalh ksù f.diao@ ienúkau i;d isjqmdjdg;a" mßirhg;a ffu;s%h lrkak W.kajk oyula we;s Y%S ,xldfõ hqoaOh wkqu; jkafka fï ksid fkdfõo@ mru tla O¾u yrhka u; mokï jQ wd.ñl b.ekaùï ;=,g leòjk ck fldgia w;r wd.ñl .egqï we;s jkafka fï ksid fkdfõo@ fj<ò ud*shdjg hg ù uuh" uf.ah lshñka jia;= /ia lr .ekSfï cd;Hka;r ;r`.fha ksr; jkafka fï ksidu fkdfõo@ lreKq tfia kï tod isÿy;a .sh u`.@" fudaiia .sh u`." fÊiqia .sh u`." mqoa.,slj;a" iduqyslj;a .uka lsÍug ixúOdkh ùug ld,fha ,l=Kq u`.ska wmsj leòjk j. wm f;areï .; hq;= jkafkuq' fï lreKq f;areï .ekSu ;=, reÑfhka yd ;Kaydfjka we<,S úkdYh lrd hk f,dal jHqyfhka úhqla;j" oyï wdf,dalh ;=, mokï ,d .ksñka" wd.ñl;ajh ;=, fm< .efik úg" tod nqÿkaf.a ix> iudch jgd fldfid,a rÊcqrejka we;=¿ rcjreka isgqjreka fukau fidamdl,do fm< .eiqKd fia" tfiau l%shd fmdf;a wm olsk uq,a iNdfõ ;u ;udf.a foam< uf.a hehs w,a,d fkdf.k" fmdÿ wruqo,la lrd tajd mß;Hd. fldg" O¾ufha wdf,dalhg we;=¿ ùu ;=, kSfrdaf.a rdcH fld;rï m%n, jqj;a uy iuQyhla ta iNdj jgd /ia jQjd fia" wo;a ish¿ f,!lsl mdmhkaf.ka tf;rj" ienE oyï wdf,dalh lrd ck;dj /iafjkq we;' tfia jQ úg ienE úuq;a u`. f,dalhdg mila lr.; yelsfõ' tjka oyï pdßldjla lrd msúiSug" fNao ÿr,d tl;= ùug ld,fha ,l=Kq wmj leòjk nj ug ye`f.a'

209

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

32 wd.u oyu iy fm%auh imq.ialkafoa rxð;a

ienE oyu wd.ñl úh fkdyel'lsisu wd.ula ±yeñ úh fkdyel' lsishï wd.ulg nkaOkh ù isàuu w±yeñlulehs isf;a'ud wd.u olskafka ukqIHhka w;r fn§u we;s lrjk cd;sh"ckj¾.h"l=,h wd§ ;j;a fn§ula f,ih'hful= lsishï wd.ñlhl= jkafka wd.ï lsysmhla yodrd";u ksoyia leue;af;ka bka tlla f;daardf.k fkdfõ'wka wd.ï yeoEÍug lsisu wd.ula ;u wkq.dñlhkag wkqn, fkdfoa' iEu wd.ulau iudc iqnidOk lghq;= lrk nj ienEjls' ldreKsl l%shdjka lsrSug Wmfoia fok nj;a ienEjls'kuq;a wdor lreKdj fkdfyd;a wjHdc fm%auh ukqIHhd ;=< u;= ùug wkqn, fkdfoa' tlu ls;=ysñj woyk úúO ls;=Kq wd.ï w;r ±lsh yelafla ifydaor;ajh fjkqjg wfkHdakH fy<d ±lSïh' 210

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wd.ï bgq lrkq ,nkafka Ydia;DDjreka jykafia,df.a leue;a; fkdfõ' th wd.ïj, jrola fkdj wd.ïj, iajNdjh fõ' Wkajykafia,dj j¾Kkd lrñka" Wkajykafia,df. ka .=ma; msysg m;ñka" Wkajykafia,df.a leue;a;g msgqmd l%shd lsÍu ´kEu wd.ul meje;au iòyd w;HjYH fohls' wd.u iu`. cd;Hd,ho" wdOdk.%dyS njo b;d myiqfjka ñY% fõ' ;uka ksjerÈh hk udkakho" wd;au jxpdfõ wdYajdoho yeu wd.ulau tys wkq.dñlhkag imhhs' i;Hh" ksÿl" .e,ùu" úuqla;sh jeks foa fn!oaO" yskaÿ" ls;=Kq wd§ jYfhka j¾. l< fkdyelsh' j¾. l< yelafla úuqla;sh ,eìh yelafla flfiao hkak ms<snòj jQ u;jdo fkdfyd;a úYajdi f,i fõ' tu úYajdij,g fndfyda úg mokï ù we;af;a urKska u;= ,eìh yels úuqla;sh ñi fuf,djyS§ ,eìh yels úuqla;sh fkdfõ' ^foúhka ke;ehs fyda mqkremam;a;sh fndre hhs fyda uu lsisfia;a woyia fkdlrñ'& wd.ñl úYajdi úúOh' mriamrh' úYajdi f.dvkef. kafka wmg m%;HlaI wjfndaOhla ke;s lreKq iïnkaOfhka h'iuyr úg ukqIH nqoaêfhka f;areï .; fkdyels foa .ekh' lsishï úYajdihka i;Hh fyda wi;Hh úh yelsh';u úYajdih yqfola úYajdihla muKla nj isysfha mj;S kï th wk¾:ldÍ jkafka ke;' ;u úYajdih i;Hh hhso wfklajd wi;Hh hhso hk ye`.Su wm fkd±kqj;aju wm ;=, j¾Okh ùu ksid wk¾:h we;s fõ' th j¾Okh lsÍug wd.u odhl fõ' lsishï úYajdihka ;=, ixjD; fkdù" m%;HlaI jYfhka wm fkdokakd foa wm m%;HlaI jYfhka fkdokakd nj f;areï .ekSu jvd;a nqoaêf.dapr h' th i;Hjd§ ùuls' wjHdc ùuls' ksy;udkS ùuls' m%{d ud¾.fhys bÈßhg hdu iòyd wdf,dalhls' 211

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ñ;Hd úYajdihla jqj ±äfldg w,a,df.k isàu ksid hï hï wjia:dj,§ hful=g Yla;sh yd ffO¾hh ,eìh yels nj ienEjls'tfy;a th úuqla;sodhl jkafka ke;' wd.ï úm;a;sodhl jqj;a O¾uh úuqla;sodhlh'O¾ufhka f;dr úuqla;shka ke;'wOHd;añl j¾Okh Wjukdh'ta iòyd tlsfkld tlsfkldg iyh úh hq;=h' wdf,dalhla úh hq;=h' kuq;a wOHd;añl j¾Okh hkq wd.ï Nla;sh fkdfõ' wOHd;añl jákdlï hkq wkqlïmdj"bjiSu"ksy;udk Slu"w,afmaÉP nj" hqla;s.rel nj" wjHdc nj" m%cd;ka;%Sh nj" is;Sfï ksjy,alu wdÈ .=Kdx. fõ'wjHdc fm%auh hkq ta ish,a,u tlg idrdxY lsÍuls'wm ÿla ú`Èkafka tys ys`.lu ksidh' ukqIHlfï iyc odhdohla jYfhka iEu ukqIHhl= ;=,u tu wjHdc fm%aufha îc ie`.ù mj;S' ukqIHhd ;=, we;s foaj;ajh hkqfjka th ye`Èkaùu jeer ke;ehs is;ñ' wjYH ù we;af;a th u;= lr .ekSugh' ta iòyd tlsfkld tlsfkldg iydh úh hq;=h' ienE foúhka hkq wjHdc fm%auh fõ tfy;a fm%au lrkak hhs Wmfoia §u fyda fm%au lrñ hhs mejiSu fyda yqfolau fm%auh wj;lafiare lrkakd jQ ksrdniah' fm%au lrkakg jEhï lsÍu o ksYaM,h' ukao fm%auh hkq l%shd /ila fkdj ish¿ l%shd fm%auKSh lrjkakd jQ wdf,dalhla" Yla;shla yd úkaokhla ksidh' fm%auh Tn ;=< u;= ù we;akï i;=g fiùu iòyd fndfyda foa ÿqn`Èkakg Tng wjYH jkafka ke;' fm%auh Tn ;=< fkdue;sj jqjo fm%auKSh l%shdjla lsÍug Tng yelsh'Tn i;= ish,a, úl=Kd È<s`ÿka w;r fnod fokakg yelsh' tfy;a hym;a hhs f,dalhg fmfkk wmf.a fndfyda lemùï fufyh jkq ,nkafka fm%auh úiska fkdj wmgj;a fkdfmfkk wmf.a n,ldó" lS¾;sldó" l=yl wruqKq úisks 212

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fm%au lsÍu hkqfjka wd.ïj, W.kajkqfha ;udf.a mrf,dj hym; msKsi wka whf.a f,!lsl hym; fjkqfjka jehùuh' tfy;a wjHdc fm%auh ;ud ;=< u;= lr.; hq;= jkqfha wkqkaf.a hym; fyda mrf,dj hym; iòyd fkdj ;udf.a fuf,dj Ôú;h yels;dla ksÿlska .; lsÍu iòydh' fm%auh u;=lr .ekSu iòyd wms tlsfkld tlsfkldg iydh fkdjkafka ukao@ fm%auh ms<snò jQ wj;lafiarej Bg tla fya;=jls' Ñka;kfhys mgqlu yd fkdishqï lu ;j;a fya;=jls' jHdc ikaksfõokhg yd .srd NdIdjg wm weíneys ù isàu ;j;a fya;=jls' fm%auh u;= jkqfha mqoa.,hka w;r wfkHdakH ksoyi" l;dnfya újD; lu iy wfkHdakH wjfndaOh j¾Okh jk ;rugh' tneúka tu iïm;a j¾Okh jkq msKsi wms wfma Ôú; fnod .ekSug yqre úh hq;af;uq' tu l%shdj ienE i;am%idohls' fo;=ka fokdf.a l=vd lKavdhï ;=< ye`.Sï fnod .ekSu yd is;sú,s fnod .ekSu wOHd;añl j¾Okhg m%n, wkqn,hls' wdrïNfha § tjka m%h;akhka t;rï m%;sM,odhl fkdúh yel' ukao wm yqreù isákafka wkqkag W.ekaùug";uka ksje/ Èh hk udkakfhka wkqkaj úksYaph lsÍug" f;areï .ekSfï Wjukdjlska f;drj ijka §ug wd§ mqreÿj,g ksidh' tneúka ienE fnod .ekSulg iqÿiaika njg wm m;ajkqfhao l%u l%ufhks' foaYkdjd§ fkdù yels;dla fláfhka"yels;dla wjHdcj" m%cd;ka;%Shj Ôú; fnod .ekSfï l%shdj,shlg wfma ld,fhka iaj,amhla jeh lsÍug wm lem jkafka kï ksre;aidySj wjHdc fm%auh wm w;r u;=jkq we;' foúhka jykafia hkq wjHdc fm%auh fõ' fm%aufhka uq¿ f,dju iqjm;a l< yelsh'

213

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33 wruqKla lrd hEug wekavD chudkak - m%ùK isudfõ§ yd leurd wOHlaIl

fojeks uy f,dal hqoaOh ÈkQ ì%;dkH wêrdcHhg úreoaOj uy;aud .dkaê;=uka igka jeÿfka hka;ï fldagq lE,a,la w; ;ndf.kh' wêrdcHjd§kaf.ka ;u ck;djg ksoyi ,nd §fï wr.,h fufyhjQfha fk,aika uekafv,d;=uka oYl ;=klg wdikak ld,hla yqol,d isr ueÈßhl .; lsÍfukah' f;f¾id ujq;=ñh f,djg úYd, fiajhla lsÍu i`oyd mdrg niskafka hka;ï mekai lSmhla w; ;ndf.kh' fudjqka igka jeÿfka ;u wruqKq bIag lr .ekSug ñi uu;ajh biau;= lr .ekSug fkdfõ' Tjqka wdhqO /ia lf<aj;a" uqo,a tl;= lf<aj;a" ¥IKfha jxpdfõ fhÿfkaj;a" n,h fijqfõj;a ke;' 214

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—wn weghl ;rï úYajdihla we;akï lkaola mjd fi,úh yelshehs˜ fÊiq;=udf.a jelsh TjQyq ikd: lf<dah' wruqKla lrd hdug wjYH jkafka" msßisÿ ys;la we;s" Yla;su;a OdrKhla we;s whl= ñi" n,fhka" wdhqOj,ska" uqo,ska fkdfõ' tjekafkla fuf;la wm rgg ìys ù ke;' fujeks wjêhl lE .eish hq;a;ka fl`Èß .dkafkaj;a ke;' ysi tieùug ;e;a lrkakdf.a ysig Wäka fjä WKav mshdUk wjêhl —ls;=ir˜ w.h lrñ' l=vd jqj;a tlu msßisÿ woyilska yd Od¾ñl Yla;shlska hq;=j fuf;la ÿr wd ls;=ir lKavdhu uu kej;;a w.h lrñ' —Tn ieug iqN wkd.;hla m;ñ'˜

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34 O¾ñIaG;ajhg M, oeÍu fvkais,a m%kdkaÿ - m%ùK PdhdrEmYs,amS

foúhkaf.a y~ iudc.; lrk tlu ld,Ssk mqj;am; ls;=ir nj uu oksñ' tod fuod f;la mSä;hd fyj;a iudcfha fldka jQjka fidhd hñka Tjqkaf.a ÿlanr ;;ajhka ksÍlaIKh 216

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lrñka Tjqka fjkqfjka fmkS isáñka Tjqkaf.a .eg¨ iy iudc widOdrKhkag tfrysj fmdÿ uyck;djf.a is;a i;ka wjÈ l< tlu ld,Sk mqj;am; ls;=ir úh' j¾;udkfha iqÿ jEka ixialD;shg wkqj f,aLlhska" mqj;am;a l,dfõÈka" PdhdrEm Ys,amSka wuq wuqfõ >d;k /,a,g wiqfjoa§ ks¾Nhj" tä;rj" uv j.=rl isgjq bkakla fuka ta fï w;g fkdjekS ls;=iñ÷kaf.a Ôú;fha yrh iudc .; lrkakg fouqjy;a wism;la f,i jpkh fnod ÿkafkao fï mqj;am;u h' jir 20 l ld,hla wmg fkdoekqj;au f.ù .sfha Bfha wo jf.ah' Tn wfma yoj;aj, cks; l<" jemqre îchka M, orñka wmf.a wdhq ld,h úis jirlska uy¨ úhg weo ouoa§ wfma wOHd;auh ta uqyql=rd .sh wiSñ;jQ fm%auhg" fifkyig" <kajqfha wmgj;a fkdoekqj;aju fydr ryisks' ta .uk weo f.k hkafka lõoehs lSu wmyiq ldrKhls' tu w;aoelSu ug ke;' kuq;a n,.;= jq yia;hla tu ld¾hh ukd f,i bIaG isoaO lrk nj ug ryiska fuka oefka' ls;=ir lKavdhu lõoehs fiùug fyda Tjqkaf.a wruqKq l=ulaoehs fidhd ne,Sug ug wjYH ke;' flfia fyda foúhkaf.a leue;a; fï iudch ;=< cks; úh hq;=uh' ÈjHuh l,dlrejdKka jk t;=udf.a ueú,a,g ixfõÈ jk ´kEu l,dlrefjl=g" mqoa.,fhl=g ;ud l=uk wd.ulg fyda cd;shlg fyda ixialD;shlg fyda wh;a jQj;a th ;=, we;s .dïNsr;ajh" úYsIaG;ajh iy ukyr nj ta m%{dj úiska b;du ryiska l%u l%ufhka wjfndaOlr fokafka buy;a wdorfhks' fï f,dalh ;=< isÿù we;s" isÿjkakdjq wkd.;fha§ isÿùug we;s ish¨u oE wmf.a ishï jQ;a" mgqjQ;a nqoaêhg f.dapr lr .; fkdyels nj uu oksñ' kuq;a ta Ôjudk yia;h ;ukagu wjYH foa b;d l%udkql+,j tyd fuyd lrk nj ug bfjka fuka oefka' fuh m%{djka;hd w;aolS' ;rKh lrkakg isÿjkafka Wvq.ï n,dh' th ÿIalr jQ;a lgql jQ;a ls%hdjls' 217

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lõreka fyda uf.ka úuiqfjd;a Tn jvd;a i;=gq jq Èkh ljodo lshd ug jl% ms<s;=rla ke;' iDcqju ud mjikafka fuf,dj t<sh ÿgq Èkh lshdh' fya;=j uq¨ uy;a ueú,af,a wisßh;a" ukyr nj;a" ne,Sug ;rï udf.a fofk;a jdikdjka; ùu l=uk wdYap¾hhlao hkak uf.a yeÕSuhs' nhsn,Sh ú.%yhg wkqj fcdaí;=ud ;udf.a WmkaÈkhg Ydm lrhs' th O¾ñIaG;ajhg wefUkakdjq mqoa.,fhl=g uqyqK fokakg isÿjkakdjq wjdikdjka;u brKu jk wO¾ufha n,fõ.h f,i nj ug yefÕa' fÊiq;=ud b;du id¾:lj fï .x.dj ;rKh l< wNsfhda.d;aul hq. mqreIfhls' Tyq Okh" n,h" ckms%h;ajhg ysi keuqfõ ke;' fuh O¾ñIaG;ajhg wefUk hqoaOfha§ yuqjk uQ,sl i;=re fiakdxlhka f,i uu mila lrf.k we;' uÕ ÿIalrh" .uka uÕo myiq ke;' fjk;a úl,am iqfLdamfNda.s .uka m:hlao ke;' O¾ñIaG;ajhg weöu uu olskafka wms ljqre;a <ud ld,fha weiqre l< khd iy bksuf.a odï lS%vdjhs' bksu. by, ke.Su;a kd.hdf.a i,l=K my, neiSu;a fï lS%vdfõ iqúfYaI ,laIKhhs' odÿ legh fmr,s .ukau. ;SrKh lrhs' tfia kï odÿ legh wfma Ôú; .uka uÕhs' bksu. O¾ñIaG;ajh;a" i¾mhd wO¾ufha n,fõ.hg;a iudk l< yel' kuq;a fï lS%vdfõ wjdikdjka;u fldgqj jQ wxl 99 fhdod we;s i¾mhdf.a ysi iys; fldgqjhs' tys fldK jQ j,s.h fldgi we;af;a wxl 1 fldgqfõh' fudfyd;la oEia mshdf.k fï lS%vdj fufkys lr n,kak' O¾ñIaG;ajhg weöu fld;rï wiSre lreKlao lshd Tngu jegfykq we;' tfia kï mdmhg jeàu;a bka ke.sàu;a ksrka;rfhkau wm Ôj;ajk iudch ;=< wNHdi lrkakg isÿfõ' kuq;a W;aidyh iy wjxl miq;eú,a, Tfí W;a:dkh i|yd Tnj Tijkq ,nkq we;' ;j;a mqxÑ WodyrKhla uf.a u;lhg kef.a' w÷r n,fõ.h;a O¾ñIaG;ajhg weöu;a w;r foda,kh ùu yßhg Yío ;rx.hl y~ Wia my;a ùu igyka lrk m%ia:drhla fukah' m%n, ikaksfõok udOHhka Ndú;d lrñka kmqre n,fõ.h b;du;a ishqïj fõ.j;a f,i kmqrdf.a îch 218

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jmqrñka uqüy;a iudchu nd,hdf.a isg jfhdajDoaO uy,a,d olajd Tjqkaf.a ukia úlD;s lrñka wO¾ufha rdcHhg msßi talrdYs lrñka isáhs' fuh ud olskafka >d;kh fj; fhduq lrkq ,nk .j ?kla olaldf.k hk flúgla w;e;s f.dm,a,l= fukah' .jhka wysxilh' Tjqka hkafka l=uk lreKla ksidoehs fkdokS' Tjqka f.dm,a,d flfrys úYajdih ;nd we;' kuq;a tod ls;= ;=ud i|yka l< tfâßl Ôú;h .ek fudfyd;la fufkys lr n,kak' tfârd lsis úfgl;a neg¿jka olaldf.k .sfha ke;' neg¿jka tfârd wkq.ukh lrñka miqmi .sfhah' ;jo wysxil neg¿jkag ;uka hk ud¾.h ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s wjfndaOhla ;snqKs' tkï Tjqka hkafka ks,a ;K ìï j,g;a" meyeÈ,s Èh fj;g;a nj Tjqkaf.a w;aoelSuhs' wO¾uh udhdjls" ñßÕ=jls' fhduq lrkqfha wjikdjka; brKulgh' wjidk w;aoelSu jkqfha mSvdj;a fudr .eiSu;a muKs' kuq;a O¾ñIaG;ajh lrd hk .ufka wjidk m%;sM,h jkqfha iekiSu;a Ydka;sh;ah' wo ;rK ;reKshka ú,dis;d f,dalh ksid ;ukaf.a ksrej; m%o¾Ykh lrhs' tod fÊiq iñ÷ka ksrej;ajQfha uqüy;a iudchu .e,ùu lrd tiùughs' —ukao kmqre ñksiaiq n¨ /<la fuka ud jglr.;af;dah' uerjrfhda /<la ud jg,d .;af;dah' Tõyq udf.a oE;a" md isÿre lf<dah' udf.a weglgq .Kka l< yels ;rug mEÈ we;' i;=frda ud foi rjd Trjd n,;s' udf.a jia;% ;u ;uka w;r fnod .ks;s' udf.a i¨j .ekSug mi weg ou;s' ^.S;dj,sh 22(16-18&' kuq;a wo ta ksrej;u Ndú;d lrñka w÷re n,fõ.h uqüy;a iudchu b;d ishqïj w÷re jQ w.dOhka lrd f.k hkq we;' jfrl fÊiq ;=ud fufiao mjid we;' Tfí jeàug fya;=j Tfí wei kï th Wmqgd oukak' oEi we;sj wmdfha fy,kq ,eîug jvd tl weila we;sj foúhka jykafiaf.a rdcHhg we;=,aùu Tng hym;' wmdfha§ Tjqka ld ouk mKqjd fkdkiS' Tjqka ojd,k .skako fkdksfjhs' ûd¾la 9(47-48& 219

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ud jD;a;sfhka leurd Ys,amsfhls' ud tfia jqfhao wyïnfhks' leurdfõ Wm; isÿùu b;sydifhka j¾;d lrkafka b;d,s cd;sl fv,a,d fmd¾gd úisks' Tyqf.a ú.%yhg wkqj iQ¾h .%yKh keröu i|yd l¿jr l=áhl mqxÑ isÿrlska ,nd.;a wdf,dal Odrdjla m%fhdackhg .ksñka Pdhdj ,nd.;af;a fï kerUqï ueÈßfhah' miqld,Skj l%u l%ufhka úúO jQ mqoa.,hka úiska fuhg tla l< lreKq ldrKd fya;=fldg f.k jir 5015 la muK ld,mßÉfþohlg miq th wxls; fmr,shlg Ndckh fjñka fï ueú,af,a wisßh f,dalfha uq¨ uy;a ck;djg n,d.ekSug i,iajd we;' j¾;udkfha wms lsisu rglg fldgqù isák ,sx ueäfhl=f.a ;;ajhg weo oukakg neßh' lfhka hd fkdyels ÿrla is;ska hEug i,iajd we;af;ao fï rEm NdIdj úisks' uqyql=rd .sh wOHd;auhla yd keKkqjKska fmdfydi;a jQ i¾ wd;¾ iS' la,dla uy;df.a isyskh ienE lf<a uq,skau ieg,hsÜ pkaøsldj .=jka .;lsÍfuks' tu ksid ikaksfõokfha by,u ;,hl Ôj;a jk wm" ÿria;hhs lSug wmyiqh' wms uq¨ f,dju tljr olsuq' uqyqKg uqyqK,d l;d lruq' ÿria:Ndjhla wmg fkdoefka' tu ksid j¾;udkfha Ôj;a jk ñksidg —ud foúhka fkdy÷kñ˜ hk ms<s;=r §ug fkdms<sjk' tfia lshkakd wkaOfhls' Tfí wkaONdjh ksoyig lreKla fkdúh yel' wmj Ôj;a lrjk Ôj jdhqj wmg wiSñ;j ,efí' ñ,la fyda fõ;khla fkdf.jhs' fuh uy fmd,j u; wmg ießirkakg bvyßhs' th wm we.mf;a oejgqk;a fkdy÷khs' f.da,ShlrKh úiska wmg y÷kajd fok iqmsß nvq NdKav mßfNdack l,dj;a wm jgd oejfgk f>daIdldß y~;a" wkqlrK rgdj;a" th uqÿka m;a lsÍug bv fkdyßhs' tu ksid th fiùug wmg Wjukdjlao fkdue;' wkaOfhla ;u lK je, wdOdrfhka Ôú;h ;rKh lrk ;rï wmyiq ldrKhlao fkdfõ' fÊiq;=ud fufiao mjid we;' mgq fodfrka we;=,a jkakg ùrhh lrkak' ukao fndfyda fofkla we;=,a jkakg fidhk kuq;a Tjqkag fkdyels fõhehs uu Tng lshñ' ^Æla 13(24& b,a,kak Tng fokq ,efí' fidhkak Tng iïNfõ' 220

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35 —úuq;a u.g úuq;a yrhlaj˜ ì%cÜ j¾Kl=,iQßh

fm%a%uh keu;s uyd Ôjk W,am;ska ñksia is;ai;ka iekiQ l%sia;=ka jykafia wjidkfha ±j l`ola u; ;u Ôú;h mqod uq¿ ñksia ixy;shgu .e,ùu Wodfldg ÿka fial' — ud Tng fm%au l,dla fuka Tn;a tlsfkldg fm%au lrkak˜hehs mejiQ t;=udfKda ;u cSú; wNsfhda.h Ndr .ekSug wmsg wdrdOkd lr;s' .e,ùu we;af;a Wia jQ f.aÜgq lKq ;=,"iqúi,a ;dmam ì;a;s j,"wyi Wig ke.=Kq foõ úuka"meúÈ wdrdu jeks ;ekaj, fkdjk nj l%sia;=ka jykafia ;u Ôú;do¾Yh ;=,ska fmkajd ÿka wjia:d fldf;l=;a we;'Wmf;a mgka l=reishl urKh olajd t;=uka uqyqK ÿkafka úúOdldr wNsfhda.j,gh' l%sia;=ka jykafia wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK mE whqßka ishhg ishhlau tjka ;ono ;eka j, .efgkakg wm wfmdfydi;ah'tfy;a ls;=Kq wkq.dñlhka f,i wm ,nd we;s mkakrh ;=,ska hï m%udKhlg fyda tjka wNsfhda. Ndr .ekSug wm ue,s jkafka kï th ls;=Kq wkkH;djhg .e,fmkaklao fkdfjhs' 221

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ñksid wfmalaIs; ksrka;r .e,ùu ,nd .ekaug fyda ;jll=g th ,nd fokakg l%sia;=ka jykafia i;=jQ" nqÿka jykafia i;= jQ m%{dj w;HdjYHh'm%{dj uq¿ udkj b;sydifhau m%Odk n,hhs'm%{dj hkq jerÈ fohska yß foh f;dard .ekSuhs'ls;=Kq oyug wkqj kï th Y=oaOd;auhhs'm%{djka;hl= úh yelafla W.;l=g muKlehs hk u;hlao ke;' ysia jk ;rug msÍuo wêl jk nj ±k wm ish,a,ka ysia úh hq;=h'w;S;h" wkd.;h hk foflka muKla fkdj we,Sï".e,Sï j,ska o ysia úh hq;=h'tf,iska ysiaj l, yels foh muKla jgyd .; hq;=h'fuf,i l, hq;= foh muKla l%shdjg kexùug wm W;aiql jkafka kï ñksia iyx;sh fjkqfjka hula fldg" ñksid wfmalaIs; .e,ùu ,`.dfldg Èh yels jkq we;' fï i`oyd moú ;dkdka;r"±k W.;alï"we;s yelslï ;snqKso"fkd;sìKso th t;rï jeo.;a fkdfjhs' tfy;a oafõIh" fl%daOh" fudayh jeks úI iys; oE is;a i;ka ;=, ,e.=ï f.k ;sfnk ;=re m%{dj wh;a fldg .ekau kï isyskhla muKs' iEu ñksil=gu m%{djka;hl= úh fkdyels hhs hkqfjka lsisfjl=;a fyda lsishï ;ekl wjidk ks.ukhla f,i f,aLK.; fldg ke;' ñksid ;uka úiskau w{dKlu m<jd yßkq ,nk úg m%{dj wdf,dal oyrdjlaj .,d tk nj taldka;h' ñksid úiska Ôú;fha ch .; hq;= jQ biõ foú`ÿkag fyda i;=kag Ndr fldg oE;a fmdrjdf.k isàug iQodkï jk ;=rdjg m%{djka;hl= fkdjkd ñksid .e,ùugo fndfyda ÿriaj lghq;= lrhs' úYajhg n,hla we;' thg wd.ula ke;' l%sia;shdks fyda wkHd.ñl fkdjk th fmdÿfõ ieug i;=fldg .; yels jQjlah'th w;am;afldg f.k ñksid n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk iduh iyÔjkh ñksid fj;g ysñfldg Èh yelsh' 222

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ñksid fidhk is;a iduh ^.e,ùu & fjkqfjka mqrkakg È.= fufyjrla we;s wn, ÿn, ñksia iudchl ls;=ir ^wLKavj fkdjqK o& oYl folla ;siafia fm%aufhka mQ¾K lemùulska l, fiajdj w.h l, hq;af;uq' hq.fha isÿùï we;eï udOHlrejka fkdolsk úYajdifha weilska olsñka" úYaf,aIKh lrñka"úia;rd;aulj". fõYKd;aulj bÈßm;a lsÍu ls;=Kq f,aLlhdf.a hq;=luhs'ls;=ir th ksr;=rej bgq lrkakg W;aiql jkafka kï"ck;djg .e,ùu iïmdokh lrkakg hï;dla ÿrg fyda Wr ÿkakd hehs iEySulg m;a jkakgo yelshdj ,efnkq we;' iudÔh"foaYmd,ksl"wd¾Ól" ixialD;sl me;slv hï ;rulg fyda ñksia yo wNHka;rfha me,mÈhï lrjkakg ls;=ir mshjrla ;nd we;s nj meyeÈ,sh' ;j ÿrg;a Ôú;fha h:d¾:h w;aolsk w;a ú`Èk udkjhdf.a ie`.jqK wd;auh ye`Èk th ;ks fkdfldg fmdÿ ifydaor;ajhla ;=, n`ojd ;nkakg bÈßhg;a lghq;= lrkafka kï ñksid ;uka ±k fyda fkd±k fidhkd iekiSu ,`.dfldg §ug Tjqka fmdfydi;a jkq fkdwkqudkh'fudla mqrhl Wreuh muKlau m;d" l, hq;=" fkdl, hq;= foh fkd±k w;m; .dkd kdñl ls;=Kqjkag ls;=Kqjd ljqreka±hs lshd fokakg ls;=irg fufyjrla we;'.e,ùu hkq urKska u;= muK fkdj Ôú;fha ffoksl isÿùï ;=,o w;a±lsh hq;= tlla nj wjOdrKfhka wm ieu jgyd .; hq;=h' wkaO ud¾f.damfoaYlhska fkdúh hq;= ls;=irg mdGlhskaf.a ch.%yKh fjkqfjka bgq lrkakg j.lSula we;'tu hq;=lu bgq lrkakg ue<s fkdjk ls;=ir lsßfhka meKsfhka b;sreK foaYfha ysñlu iufia N=la;s ú`o .ekaug ck;dj wjÈ lrjd fm%aufha úma,jhlg .dïNSr y`vlaj ish bÈß .uk Èh;a lrkq taldka;h' 223

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

—ud¾.ho i;Hho Ôjkho urKho uu fjñ˜ mejiQ ls;= jokg ixfõÈ fjñka ls;= iñ`ÿka .;a u`. ls;=ir .uka hkq we;'ffojhg"l¾uhg hg fkdù W;aidyfhka Ôú;h f.dvkxjd .kak hehs mejiQ nqÿ jokgo Ôjh leá lrkakg ;u Wmßuh Tjqyq jeh lrkq we;'ls;=ir yd w;aje,a .ekSu hq.fha wjYH;djhhs' f,dalhg ienE wdf,dalhla fjñka .e,ùug .e,jqïlrefjla jkakehs y`v k`.k yDo idlaIsfha fl`Èß,a,g ixfõÈ ùu fmdÿfõ wm ieuf.a hq;=luh' tlsfkldf.a wjYH;djhg wkqj ish,a, iufia fnodyod .; yels Ôú; rgdjlg t,ô" isysfhka hq;=j wms tf;r jkakg wÈgka lruq'túg .e,ùu jvd;a ÿriaj fkdj wm w;ru nj jgyd .ekSug wm fk; is; meyefokq we;'

224

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

36 wjosj isàu hq.fha m%n, wjYH;djhls Ô' fÊ' weka;ks wmamqydñ

ls;=ir úisjia ieureï l,dmhg uf.kao ,smshla b,a,d isàu .ek ia;=;sjka; fjñ' —oyï kfjdaoh˜ ix>h ms<snò j.lSu mejreK ;eke;a;d yeáhg uu fuh ,shñ' oyï kfjdaoh ix>hg uq,a msrefKa o 1992 cQ,s 19 jk Èkh' tho ±ka úis jk jir imqrhs' oyï kfjdaoh ±lau w;a wl=ßka ,shk ,o msgm;a ;=kla 1992 uehs ui w.ro.=re;=ud" iyhl w.ro.=re;=ud yd mqnqÿ wOHlaI msh;=ud fj; heùñ' thg ms<s;=re §u iòyd cQks ui mqnqÿ ±lau mqj;am; werôK' oyï kfjdaofha ±lau mqnqÿ wOHlaI msh;=ud u.ska ck úuqla;s mQcl ix>h w;g m;a ùfï m%;sM,hla yeáhg cQ,s udifha§ ls;=ir mqj;am; werôK' ug tf,i isf;a' m<uq ls;=ir mqj;amf;a fuf,i iòyka úh' —ta w;r oyï kfjdaoh uQ,slhkayg uqo,a uOHia:dkhla yd jdyk myiqlï ,nd §ug iNd n,j;l= ±kgu;a fmdfrdkaÿ § we;s nj;a ls;=irg jd¾;d fõ' fï kj mqnqÿ m%jK;djh u.ska 225

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

furg ls;=kq iNdj ;=, we;s lrkq ,nk m%Yak rdYshla fï Èkj, fndfyda fokd u;= lr;s' mqnqÿj ;=, tlu wOHd;añl;ajhl f.dv ke.=Kq whg tal;ajhg meñKSug fkdyels ùfï m%Óm,hla f,i werfUk kj mqnqÿj ôyï kfjdaoh& hq.fha wjYH;djho@ uQ,sl .sys jHdmdrhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hkjd hehs lshk oyï kfjdaoh .ek iNd ia:djrh l=ulao@ oyï kfjdaoh we;a;gu ldf.a Wjukdj u; we;s jkaklao@ ls;=if¾ uq,a ,smsfhka fmkajdfok ls;=kq y;= iNdjla fkdjk f,i iNdj ;=,u l%shd;aul lrùfï jev ms<sfj,l wdrïNhlao@˜ oekg úis jirla f.ù .sh;a tys iòyka lreKq lsisjla tf,i isÿ fkdùh' 1996 isg fÊiq iñ`ÿkaf.a wkdjrK rgdjla yd noaO fjñka oyï kfjdaoh ish ¥; fufyh iòyd iQodkï fjñka isà' ls;=ir úis tla jk jirg md ;nk fï fudfydf;a" ls;=ir fufyjr ck;djf.a .e<ùu foig jvd;a keUqrej l%shd;aul lsÍu iòyd woyia lSmhla igyka lrkakg uu leue;af;ñ' foaYmd,kh .ek muKla fkdj lf;da,sl iNdfõ l%shdldß;ajh .eko wjÈj isàu wo hq.fha m%n, wjYH;djhlaj we;' ls;=ir tf,i wjÈj isáñka wka who wjÈ lrkakg ±kqj;a lrkakg .kakd W;aidyh w.h lrñ' rfÜ iq¿ ck fldgia" úfYaIfhka fou< ck;dj w;aolsk widOdrKlï fidhd n,ñka" ta .ek ish,a,ka ±kqj;a lrkakg .kakd W;aidyho w.h lrñ' ta ish,af,a wruqK idufhka" ixys`Èhdfjka msreK foaYhla f.dv ke.Suhs' fï l%shdldß;ajfha§ b;d fyd`Èka lreKq wOHhkh lrñka Wmßu f,i i;Hjd§ ùug W;aidy l< hq;=hs' hq.fha ish¿ wNsfhda.hka wNsnjd fmrgu .uka lrkakg wjYH m%{dj iemhSu w;ska wo furg ish¿ udOHhka fndfyda ÿrg wfmdfydi;aj we;' ls;=irg ta ms<snòjo hï j.lSula mejÍ we;' msßmqka ñksil= ìys lrkakg kï wd;au .fõIKh yd iudc .fõIKh w;r ;=,khla ;sìh hq;=hs' ls;=ir 226

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

iudc .fõIKhla foig mdGlhska fhduq lrhs' tfy;a wd;au .fõYKh ms<snò me;slfâ wvqjla olsñ' ud wd;au .fõYKh hkqfjka woyia lrkafka O¾uhdKka yd ióm inò;djhla f.dvk.d .ekSu;a" iudc .fõYKfhka / ialr .kakd ish,a, O¾uhdKka mduq, y,d fmd<d wjeis foa muKla f;dard .ekSug we;s yelshdj;ah' wd;au .fõYKh yd iudc .fõYKh m%n, f,i ;=,kh lr .;a Ôú;hls" uy;aud .dkaê;=ud' uejqïlrejdKka ;u l=U,alrejdKka f,i ms<sf.k" ;ud t;=uka iqrf;a ueá ms`vla fuka isáñka" t;=uka ßis f,i lvkakg" wUkakg" t;=ukag wjeis fiajdj ;u Ôú;fhka bgq lr .kakg bv ÿka Ôú;hls" th' ta .ek uy;aud fufia mjihs' —tys§ yoj;la ke;sj jpk f.dvlg jvd jpk lsisjla ke;sj yoj;la jeo.;ah'˜ ;u ¥; fufyh .ek t;=fuda fuf,i mji;s' —uf.a Ôú;h ;=, ud l< lS ish,a, uf.a nqoaêfha m%;sm,hla fkdfõ' th ud ;=, we;s ufyda;a;uhdKkaf.a ishqï y`v úiska fufyhjñka lrk ,oaols' Tng;a ta ishqï y`v wefia kï ta y`v mjik foa lrkak' Tng ta ishqï y`v fkdwefia kï jvd ksjerÈ hehs Tng yef`.k foa lrkak'˜ t;=fuda fufiao mejiQy' —ck;dj ud hï fiajdjla l< ukqIHhl= f,i y`ÿkajkjdg jvd ud hdÉ{dfõ ukqIHhl= f,i y`ÿkajkjdg uu leue;af;ñ'˜ ls;=kq wmf.a ¥; fufyh mx;s wr.,h blaujQ fohla úh hq;=hs' th ish,a,ka Wiia lrkakla úh hq;=hs' mSä;hka muKla fkdj mSvlhkao Wiia l< hq;=hs' ula ksido uejqïlrejdKka lsisjl= ;u fm%aufhka bj;a lr ke;s neúks' tksid ish,a,ka Wiia lrkakg" ienE Ôú; udrejlg f.k hkakg ls;=iro lem úh hq;=hs' uy.u fialr lúhd —ula ksido h;a˜ ldjHfhys fuf,i iòyka lrhs' —fld;rï ±ä yola jqjo hï ojil ohd Èfhka wd¾ø ù lÿ¿ i,k fudfyd;la we;' úÿre ñKla fia nn,k ta yoj; ta fudfydf;ys w;a,g f.k n,kq uekú' ñysmsg we;s lsisu fohla ta ;rug iqkaor ke;'˜ 227

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;= iñ`ÿka l=yllug úreoaOj ;Èka l;d l< wjia:d lSmhla Y=oaO jQ iqúfYaIfha jd¾;d fõ' tfy;a t;=fuda lsisu úgl ÿn,hd mdmsIaGhd fy<d ;<d l;d fkdl<y' wmsÿ ta ms<sfj; wm wìhi ;nd .ksuq' —ir˜ hkq B;,h yd iajrh hk woyia m%ldY lrhs' úfgl ls;=ir B;,hla jqj o" th l%sia;= iajrfhka fyj;a fm%aufhka msreKq fohla úh hq;=hs' úis tla jk jirg md ;nk ls;=ir jvd m%n, fõjd hs m;ñ''

228

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

37 ls;=ir wd .uka u. ksjerÈh fcdaYma ta vhia" iyh ixialdrl - Nla;s m%fndaOk

wdrïNfha isgu ls;=irg odhlhl= jk" mdGlfhla f,i ish .uka uf.a 20 jk jir iksgqyka lrk fï wjia:dj ugo wdvïnrhls' ls;=ir w;g m;ajk iEu úgu th <ne`Èhdfjka je<ò .kafka yrj;a hula úò .ekafï n,j;a reÑfhks' ls;=ir ier jeä hhs flfkla fnd<ò nia lSj;a" ;s;a; jqK;a we;a; we;a;uh' tu ia:djrfha msysgd" jÈk ;eka j,g ;ogu jÈkak" mEk yeisrùu i;Hhg idlaIs ±Ífï Èjeisjr hq;=luhs' jkaÈNÜgka ù m%Yia;s .S .hñka kdhl ldrld§ka ^ rdcH" wd.ñl& k<jkjd fjkqjg ßfokak myr § wjÈ lrùu ld,Sk lghq;a;ls' iuyr úg th ìysß w,skag ùKd .eiSula jqj;a" mdGl msßig fyKavqj w;g .ekSug wdrdOkhls' 229

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wd.ñl" rdcH yd iudÔh widOdrKlï ld,h;a iu. je<,S hkakg fkd§" ksNhj tajd fy<sorjq lrñka" mdGlhd ±kqj;a lsÍug .kakd W;aidyh ksidu ls;=ir m,a,sfha úl=Kkakg ;ykï flreKs' ls;=ir l,a,sh iNd úfrdaëka hehs yxjvq .eiqKs' —fi;airK˜ wñysß isoaêh Bg lÈu WodyrKhls' Widú hkakg jqj ls;=ir iQodkï fjoa§ n,OdÍyq th yl=<d .;ay' hqoaOfha§ W;=re kef.kysr mSvd ú`È ck;djf.a y`vg ixfõ§ ùu ksid;a" hqoaOfhka miqj wj;eka jQ" wkd: jQ lòjqrej, .d,aù mSvd ú`Èk" ck;dj fjkqfjka y`vla ke.Su;a ksid ;%ia;jd§ m;a;rhla hehs fpdaokd ke.=Ks' fujka rdcH yd wd.ñl wNsfhda. yuqfõ fkdie,S" i;Hh fjkqfjka hqla;sh bgq lsÍfuys ,d úl,am mqj;am;la f,i" y`vla ke.sh fkdyels whf.a y`vla f,i" jir úiail wm%;sy; fiajh w.h l, hq;= fjuq' tfiau wkaOdkqlrKhg yiqù mSvd ú`Èk ls;=Kqjka ienE ls;=Kqjka f,i fm< .eiaùu;a" mj;sk foaYmd,k h:d¾:h yuqfõ m%cd;ka;%jd§ foaYmd,k Wreuhlg rgjeishd fhduq lsÍu;a ls;=ir u`.ska l, hq;a;la nj mila lruq' yE,s ,sms fjkqjg yrj;a flá ,sms m, lsÍug W;aidy .kafka kï ls;=irg ;j ;j;a mdGl msßia weo neò .kakg iu;a jkq ksh;h' iSud iys; ixúOdhl msßila iu. wd¾Ól wmyiq;d ueo ls;=ir mdGlhd w;g m;a lsÍug .kakd W;aidyh meiiqï lghq;= jqj;a" l,g fj,djg th ,nd .ekSug l%ufõohla ilia lrkafka kï ls;=irg ys;e;s mdGlhdg th wiajeis,a,ls' fnod yeÍu ms<snòj wjOdkh fhduqlrkak' ls;=ir iNd úfrdaë rdcH úfrdaê mqj;am;la f,i w,amhla jeÈ nK foiqjo" nyq;rhla wdorfhka je<ò .kakd ld,Sk jeo.;alulska hq;a mqj;am;la f,i ye`Èkaúh yel' ls;=ir wd .ukau. ksjerÈh' th ;j ÿrg;a tf,iu mj;ajdf.k hEfï Yla;sh ld¾hh uKav,hg ksr;=re ,efíjdæ ls;=ir Èfkka Èk ÈhqKq fõjdæ 230

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

38 ls;=ir 20 fjks ixj;airh fjkqfjka igyka lrñ ksmqksld fu,ka;s m%kdkaÿ- flá Ñ;%mg wOHlaIsld

úúO iñ;s" ixúOdk" wdh;k wd§ tall ixj;air iurk úúO whqre" tkï W;aij" idÊc" iure l,dm kdkdúO biõ mj;ajk nj wms oksuq' ta fndfyda wjia:d yqÿ f,!lsl w.hkag;a" ;uka .ek f,dalhg y`v .d lSug;a ^;uka lrk fiajdjg jvd jeä ;lafiarejla yqjd ±laùug& ;a muKla iSud jQ oE fõ' wm ±ka ls;=ir fj;g wjÈ fjuq' fï Tjqka ;u 20 jeks jir iurk fudfyd;hs' ls;=ir neÆ ne,aug th lf;da,sl oyug iïnkaO fohlah' tfiah th ienEh' kuq;a ls;=ir lf;da,slhkag iSud ù ke;' j¾;udkfha we;euqka fÊiq;=ud hkq lf;da,slhkag muKla fjkajQ" whs;s pß;hla f,i y`ÿkd .;a;o th tfia fkdfõ' fÊiq ;u Ôú;h jeh lf<a" wjik t;=ud Ôú;h lem lf<a" l=reim;a jQfha uq¿ uy;a ueú,af,au" ukqIH ixy;sfhau .e,ùu Wfoidh' ls;=ir 231

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

o fÊiq;=udf.a fï wdo¾Yh wkqj fjfyi jkafka iuia; iudchu ^ls;=Kq" fndÿK"q isxy," oñ< wd§ fNao fkd;ld& mj;akd ;;ajfhka Tíng f.khdu i`oydh' mj;sk l%ufhau Èhjkakg bvfkdyer wo ojfia fÊiqj fï iudcfha wirK ù we;s ;eka" t;=ukaj wm úiska Ôj;a l, hq;= ;eka fidhñka" msmdifhka isák iudchg iykhla jkakg ls;=ir .kakd jEhu ud mqoa.,slj w;a ±l we;' fï ls;=ir lKavdhfï hïlsis msgia;r njla fm!oa.,slj ud olsñ' ukao iudcfha hym;a fjkila muKla m%;s,dNh f,i i,ld" Tjqka ;u w;e;s" uqo,a ld,h lem lrñka" fpdaokd" ;¾ck ord .ksñka lrk l¾;jHh w.h l< hq;= fukau Tjqka fjkqfjka foúhka jykafiag m%Yxid l< hq;=hs' ls;=ir 20 jk ixj;airh iurk fudfydf;a ud yg ls;=ir yd we;s iïnkaOh ir,j ±laùug leue;af;ñ' ud Tjqka m<uqj y`ÿkd .;af;a —wo ojfia fÊiq˜ flá Ñ;%mg Wf<, yrydh' tu flá Ñ;%mg Wf<, flá Ñ;%mg ks¾udKlrejl= f,i b;du;a jeo.;a jkafka fya;= ;=kla ksidh'

1 th ud flá Ñ;%mghla bÈßm;a l, m<uq wjia:dj ùu'

2 tu flá ks¾udKlrKh iy Wf<, lsisÿ mgq foaYmd,ksl fyda jdKsc wruqKq we`ÿKqïlï" ys;j;alï u; iïudk ,nd fkdÿka iajdëk Wf<,la ùu'

3 tod isg wo olajd mqrd wjqreÿ 2 la udf.a mqoa.,sl iskud wOHhk lghq;= i`oyd ls;=ir ,nd fok fkdñ, ±kqu'

ls;=ir mqia;ld, fiajd" ls;=ir i`.rdj" ld,Sk wjYH;d wkqj ilik fmd;a msxpj,a" ls;=ir iudcfiajd l%shdldrlï" l;sldjka wd§ úúO biõ iudcfha ´kEu flfkl=g wOHdmkh" ±kqu" ifydaor fm%auh ,nd §ug ie§ u`. n,d f.k isà' fï ixj;air ieureï fudfydf;a wm ieug 232

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ls;=irg Èh yels ;Hd.hla we;' tkï fï iudc fjkila we;s lsÍfï fufyhqug w;a ;eîuhss' mdßfNdackfhka fkdj ienE ls;=Kq jákdlï ;=<ska wm Ôú;h uekSug wms ieu tlg tlaj wÈgka lruq' b;ska ls;=ir Tn ieu fjkqfjka m<uqj foú`ÿkag ;=;s mqoñ' fojkqj Tn fjkqfjka hÈñ' ;=kajkqj Tng iqN m;ñ' y;rjkqj Tn iu`. ls;=y`v iudc.; lrùug odhl fjñ'

233

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

39 ,xldfõ tlu úl,am wd.ñl m%ldYkh ù'mS'kkAok fmf¾rd - ls;=ir mdGl

,xlSh fj<`ofmdf<a wd.u oyu .ek l;d lrk mqj;am;a" i`.rd úiailg wdikak m%udKhla we;;a"úl,am wd.ñl m%ldYkhla f,i ls;=irg ysñ jkafka úfYaIs; ia:dkhla'fujeks m%ldYkhla wLKavj jir 20 la mqrd mj;ajdf.k hEu myiq lghq;a;la fkdfõ'tfy;a ±ä lemùulska yd meyeÈ,s wruqKla we;s ls;=ir lKavdhu tu b,lalh imqrdf.k we;' ls;=Kq kdhlhska hehs lshd .kakd msßia mjd ls;=Kqlu wu;l fldg ls;=Kq ku .ek muKla mqridrï fodvk hq.hl"ienE ls;=Kqlu u;la lr §fï Èjeisjr ld¾hh fï l=vd lKavdhu ish;g f.k we;s wdldrh m%YxikShhs'tmuKla fkdj iudcfha úúO msßia úiska ksy`v lr we;s fÊiq;=udf.a 234

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

y`v kej; iudc.; lrkakg;a"t;=ukaj ienE Wreuldrhska fj; ysñlr fokakg;a Tn lKavdhu f.khk igk b;d ;SrKd;aul hehs yef`.a' ;dlaIKh hyñka ÈhKq wojka hq.hl" ñ;=rka w;rg muKla iSud fkdù" ,dxlSh iudcfha wiaila uq,a,la kEr me;sÍ hkakg iqn m;ñ'

235

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40 ia:dms; u;su;dka;r yd jHdc iodpdrh úIfhys idys;Hlrejd wNsfhda.j;a úh hq;=h chka; fudaorf.a

;reKhdf.a m%Odk .;sl;ajh jkafka ;udg hehs lshd ;ekla fidhd lghq;= lsÍuhs' ta ;ek iudc ;;a;ajhls' th ;sfnk iudc ;yxÑ blaujd hEfï ksjy,a jqjukdfjkao ikakoaOhs' ;reKhdf.a m%Yak hq.dkqrEmSj y`ÿkd.; hq;=j ;sfnoa§" ;reKlu i¾jld,Skj ,>qfldg is;Su ksid jeäysá ;reK .egquo i¾jld,Skj mj;S' ;reKhdf.a m%Yak hq.fhka hq.hg ixlS¾K fõ' Tjqka wik oE" olsk oE ta i`oyd n,mdk ksid ;reK Ôú;hg kj woa±lSï ,efí' fï kj woa±lSug jYSlD; ùu ksidu iïm%odhg mgyeks udj;la f;dard .kS' ls;=ir wdrïN jkafka fulS u`. Tiafia h' meyeÈ,sju lshkjdkï Tjqka bÈßfha ;snqfKa iy ;sfnkafka jHdc iodpdrhls' 236

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

óg jir úiailg m%:ufhka ud idudkH fm< wOHdmkh ,nk isiqfjls' m,a,sfha jHdc iïm%odfhka ñ§ug fmr lS iajNdjfhkau ikakoaO jQ l%sia;shdks ;reK ;reKsfhda úYd, msßila wo fuka todo isáfhda h' ;reKhdj y`ÿkd fkd.;a m,a,sfha Bkshd iïm%odfha yria ùu fld;rï oreKqjg ;snqfKa±hs lshf;d;a" Bkshd iïm%odhg oafõI lsÍug ;rï wm is;a oreKq úh' ls;=ir 1996 iema;eïn¾ 5 ldKavh 2 l,dmfha m,jQ —m%§mfha i,fudka iShdg ms<s;=rla˜ ,smsh óg lÈu ksoiqkls' ,sms lsysmhlg yd l;dnylg iSud ù hg lS oafõIfhka ñ§ug yels jQfha ls;=ir wdrïnfha isá fcHIaG ifydaor ifydaoßhkaf.a wjfndaOh ;=< wm ,enQ {dKh ksidh' Bkshd iïm%odh w;yer ls;=ir je<`o fkd.kakg wm j,au;a ùug bv ;snqKs' fmd;am;aj, isák mrudo¾YS pß;fhda ;reK Ôú;hg fok cjh ñ, l< fkdyel' fulS pß; ms<sn`oj ls;=if¾ m< jQfha iaj,am jYfhka jqj;a" ls;=ir lKavdhula jYfhka l< w;=re l%shdldrlïj,§ tkï" —.dkaê˜ Ñ;%mgh —y`vkq uek ksoyi˜ Ñ;%mgh f.kaùfï isg úúO w;sf¾l fmd;a msxphka Tiafia wekagka fpfld*a" n¾fgd,a fn%IaÜ" udáka Æ;¾ lsx" ,sfhda fgda,aiafgdahs" f.da¾ls" tan%yï ,sxlka f.a pß; foi jvd ´kElñka n,kakg fm<Uúh' fuhska ud woyia lrkafka mrudo¾YS pß;hkag ls;=if¾ bvla fkdÿkafkah hk u;hu fkdj’ 1992 jif¾ fkdjeïn¾ ui ^5 jk l,dmh& ls;=ir mqj;amf;a —TjQyq˜ urKhg ìh fkdjQy hk YS¾Ih hgf;a m< jQ ,smsh mrudo¾IS pß;hkag ÿka bv ie,lsh hq;= uÜgul ;snqKq njg idlaIs orkjd' b.akdisfhda wf,lshqßhd" fi.=kafvda fudkafÜia" b.akdisfhda udákanfrda" cqjdï rfudkafufrfkda" fcda;ska f,dfiia" wukafvda f,dfmia" fidfkdafrd t.and" cQ,shd rdfudaia" fi,Skd rdfudaia hk úfoaYSl ks¾NS; i;Hjd§ka muKla fkdj" uE;ld,Skj wmg ióm nq;a;, § >d;khg ,la jQ uhsl,a reøS.+ msh;=ud ms<sn| f;dr;=re j,g ls;=ir mqj;amf;a fjk lsisÿ lf;da,sl mqj;am;lg;a jvd bvla ,enqKs' —wjia:dj t<ô úg ck;dj fjkqfjka ñh 237

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hEug wm iQÞkïj isáh hq;=h˜' uhsl,a reøS.= msh;=ud fï lshk ,o m%n, m%ldYkh lsishï wdldrhlg uf.a ffp;isl l%shdldrS;ajh wdl¾IKSh;ajhg ,la lr .;af;a yßhgu óg jir 20 lg Wv§ ls;=ir mqj;amf;a uq,a msgqfõ ta m%ldYkh m,ùu;a iuÕ ;ju;a úúO m%foaYhkays <ud iudc yryd ls;=ir lrk fufyh nqyqukg ,la úh hq;=h' m,a,sfha ux.,a,hg f;drka .id fok" m,a,sfha ul=¿±,a lvd fok wd§ jev lSmhlg fukau" tu ;reK iñ;sj,ska úfkdao pdßld f.khdu" l%Svd W;aij ixúOdkh lsÍu yd tajdg iyNd.s ùu wd§ f,i ;u ;reK Ôú;h Bg tyd h:d¾:hlg hd hq;=j ;sìh§" fmr lS oE ;=, muKla iSud fjñka mdúÉÑ úh' tlS l%shdj,shg úreoaOj uhsl,a frdøs.=" Y%S ,d,a msh;=ud wd§ whf.a mrudo¾Y pß; wOHhkh lrk ,o ;reK msh;=uka,d msßila jgd f.dvke.=Kq ;reKhka úiska fï ls;=ir wdrïNhg cjh ÿka ksid ls;=ir mqj;amf;a ta Ôjk h:d¾:h ;snqKs' tfy;a wOHd;añl jYfhka iudklula ;sfnk ;;ald,Sk ,dxlSh m%.;sYS,S ks¾udKlrejka weiqre lsÍug ls;=ir ìh úh' fmr wmr foÈ. merKs ks¾udKlrejkaf.a lD;s yd Tjqkaj wOHhkhg l=vd miqnEula ;sîu ls;=if¾ uq,a hq.h ;=, ;snQ lsishï miqnEuls' ta miqnEu wd;au jxpksl;ajhlska isÿ jQjla fia fkdfmfka' tßla b,hmamdrÉÑf.a —wd,skaoh˜ ldjH ix.%yfhka Wmqgd .ksñka —ls;=ir 1992 fkdjeïn¾ l,dmfha .S;dj,sfhys m, l< —mdial=j fyj;a N+uÞkh˜ lúh óg ms<s;=re imhhs' fndfyda úg ;;a iudcfha jeäysá ks¾udKlrejl=f.a mrudo¾YS pß;h wjia:djd§ pß; njg tljr fjia udre lsÍu ls;=ir ;reKhd y`ÿkdf.k ;snQ idOdrK ìh fuhg fya;= jQjd úh yel' tfy;a fï jk úg ls;=ir tu .eg¿j chf.k we;ehs fmfka' O¾uisß nKavdrkdhl" uxcq, fjäj¾Ok hk ks¾udKlrejkaf.a ks¾udKlrKhg wei fhduq lsÍu thg ksoiqka fõ' fufia lshkafka msg lid .ekSfï ;Dma;sfhka fkdj bÈßfha we;s .ukg wjYH ksjerÈ mkakrh ,nd .ekSfï isys nqoaêfhks' idys;Hh ;=< Nla;s rihlg jvd h:d¾:fha lgqllu 238

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

y`ÿkd .ekSfï yd thg uqyqK fok u`.la fidhd .ekSfï jqjukdfjkau h' —.S;dj,sh˜" —fláu flá l;dj˜ —l¿,E,a,˜ idys;Huh jYfhka ls;=ir mdGlhd w;r ckm%sh jQ m;a;r msgq úh' idys;Huh jYfhka fkdjqK;a ;reKhkaf.a yo y`ÿkk —weoys,sjka;hl=f.a lgq igyka˜" —m,a,sfha mrúhd˜"—mqxÑ iqjdó˜ hk ;Sre ,sms fukau —úYajdifha oEi˜ hk ,sms fnd<ò yd ydiH fkdjk h:d¾:hg tìlï lrk ljq¿ úh' ienúkau ls;=ir fuf;la wd .ufka id¾:l m%jK;djhla yeáhg wd.ñl Ôú;h Nla;sfhka weo jefgk w`ÿre l=áj, ms<su fkdfldg iudÔh fiiq nyqúO m%Yak yd iiòñka lghq;= lsÍu m%Yia;shg mdol úh hq;=h' mSvl;ajhg hgfjk mSä;hdf.a me;a; fjkqfjka wo muKla fkdj tod;a ls;=ir fmkS isáh nj i;H ldrKdjls' tfy;a yqÿ ixfõ§;djhg tyd .sh wjê ukilska ls;=ir ±ka lghq;= lrkafka hehs is;ñ' foaYmd,kh" ixialD;sh w<,d idys;H ms<snò jvd Wjukdfjka f;dr;=re fidhd hk njla fmfkkafka h' ienúkau ia:dms; u;su;dka;r yd jHdc iodpdrh úIfhys idys;Hlrejd wNsfhda.j;a úh hq;=h' fï jk úg ls;=ir fuhska msßmqka hehs is;ñ' 1993 cQ,s l,dmfha jdikd .=Kfialrf.a —wìkslauk˜ lúh ls;=ir f,allhkaf.a yDo idlaIsfha udkjjd§ idys;Hhlg bv we;s nj lshdmdk ;j;a wjia:djla f,i uu olsñ' wv w÷/;s mdr fldfka úÿ,s nqnqf, m`vq meyehg weg mEÿKq kqfU fofldmq, l÷¿ lel=¿ u,a isôkj ;Ügq .eys, uqyqfKa we¿Kq nd, mqhr l=vq ;Ügqj ldkq m,af,a ms,S .|g ;j fmdähla jdre fokj 239

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jeyeÍ .sh isrere fmdäh mqínd,k ir ir y`v úhlS .sh u,a Ö;af;a ysf;la ÿlg lú lshkjd w. ysÕ msß m; fkdhÈk kqfò ishque,s yoj; u, ? ueÈhu fof.dvyßfh myka lKqj hg n,dk Wl=iq kuq;a fldu, weiska ;ju;a f.dÿrla fydhkjd iudch wmjdohg ,la jQ mSä; ck;djf.a wirK wei ±l .kakg ,h f;;uk we;s ñksiqka f,dj w,amhs' tfiau th ±l.;a idys;Hlrejdf.a is; uquqkk foa ks¾udKhlg fmrf,k yeá fudk;rï w.fkao@ jdikd .=Kfialrf.a lúh fuf,i y`vla ke;s ñksiqkag ls;=ir ;=<ska y`vla úh' —l¿,E,a,˜ YS¾Ih hgf;a m, jQ <ud lú msgqfõo m<jQ lú Tiafiao fulS iudc ixia:dj mrudo¾Y lr .;a <ud mrmqrla ìys jk ,l=Kq fmfkkakg úh' idys;Hlrejdf.a ú[a[dKh u;jd§ úh hq;= nj ÿgq ls;=ir yels iEu úgu mdfya wdl¾IKSh f;dr;=re /ia lrñka újO YS¾Ihka Tiafia tajd ls;=ir —m;a;rfha˜ m< lf<ah' —.S;hl u;lh˜óg lÈu ksoiqkls' ukqIH;ajfhka neyerj cd;sjdoh jeks wkH fõÈ;hkaf.ka wkaOdkqlrKhg ,la jQfjda tÞ iy wo;a ;u ks¾udK l=i,;dj ffjIH jD;a;sfha fhdojd .ks;s' tfy;a th olskak wjYH oEi mdod fokak ls;=ir .;a m%h;akhka —.S;hl u;lh˜ hgf;a isys leojñ' mdfmdÉpdrKh —ud tla wjia:djl mQcH we,af,a .+kjxY ysñ ,shQ ;,Ajeg whsfka Wmkak" —uõ ìu˜ jeks .S; .dhkd l<d' tawjia:dfõ§ ta .S;h ;=<ska m< jk oDIaÀh fudllao lsh,d 240

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ux ys;=fõ kE' miqj .S;h m%pdrh jk fldghs ug ys;=fKa ud nrm;, je/oaola l<hs lsh,d' Wmkak uõ ìu rlskak hk fin,d u;= Njfha§ ksjka olskak mska lr we;s nj lshQ ud miqj oDIaÀh ksjerÈ lr .;a;d' ta jro ud ksjerÈ lr .ksñka —tlu r;= f,a /÷Kq ìug l=ugo uf.a y`v lsh,d˜ uu uf.a w¨;a .S;h .dhkd lrkjd' ^ud,kS nq,;aisxy,& y`vla ke;s y`vla ke;s ck y`vg y`vla ù kef.kakg fkdyels kï l=ulgo uf.a y`v ÿlska msß f,dalhg ÿlska y`vkd úgl rcqka ue;sÿka mskk .S;hlg l=ulgo uf.a''' uf.a y`v tlu r;= f,a /÷Kq uf.u tl fidfydhqrka foms,lg hqO lrk hqO ìug l=ulgo uf.a''' uf.a y`v udjf;a ore megõ .yla hg ksok úg Èú uy,a m%dido ,nkakg l=ulgo uf.a''' uf.a y`v ^ls;=ir 1993 wf.daia;= 2 ldKavh 2 jk m;%h& cd;sjdohg úreoaOùu w;=reoyka lrùug ;rï fya;=jla jQ w;r" miq.sh jir lSmh ;=, h:d¾:jd§ idys;Hh u.g ms<smka ls;=ir cd;sjdofhka mSä; jQ mSä;hdf.a me;a; .kakg ;rï wNsfhda.d;aul ùu fuhg lÈu ksoiqkls' uq,§ —isxy, cd;sh˜ wd§ cd;sjd§ lú ,shk ,o l<,awe,af,a wdkkao id.r ysñfhda ^miq ld,fha flahia& 241

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

miqj cd;sjdofhka f;dr —W;=frka˜ jeks lú ks¾udK lf<ah' t;=udf.a WmeúÈ ;;a;ajh meúÈ ;;a;ajhg jvd udkjjd§ ù we;af;a wehso@ W;=f¾ ñksiqka iu`. .; l< Ôú; woa±lSï fuhg n,md we;ehs is;ñ' tjeks ks¾jHdc W;=f¾ woa±lSï ,nd ;sîu ksid hqoaOh iïnkaOfhka h:d¾:j;a i;Hjd§ idys;Hhla ls;=if¾ iqNdú; jQjd hehs lSfjd;a th uqidjla fkdfõ' flahia f.a —W;=frka˜ hk moHh ls;=if¾ wjia:d lSmhl§u m< ù we;' —oyÈh fy<k wh ysßyer w;r jeà ol=fKa fukau W;=fr;a yeu ;eku isà úuid n,ñ Tjqkf. yojf;ys yeà l¿.,a hlv fuka WKq ù yef,k bà˜ —ñksyd fj;ska ñksyd fjka lrk ßiska neò we; mjqre mokï lsis flfkl= úiska tajd lvd ìòf.k tys msreKq miska md,u nefòkq we; ojil W;=re foiska ˜ ^flahia& flahia f.a lúfha èjks; jk mßÈ" ol=fKa mSä;hka muKla fkdj W;=f¾ mSä;hkaf.a ÿl y`ÿkd .ksñka" fjka lr ;snQ fï mSä; iudc fol tla lrkakg we;s jqjukdfjka ;ju;a fmf<k ls;=if¾ yoj; msú;=rehs' wdmiq is;d ne,Sfï§ ud ls;=if¾ jerÈ wä i<l=Kq fkdolskjd fkdj' hï hï wjia:djka j, w;s OdjkldÍ .ukauf.a wms,sfj,lg igyka ù we;s wä i<l=Kq Èlsñ' l¿;ßka mgka f.k brKú, y,dj; mq;a;,u olajd ls;=if¾ y`v 90 oYlfha w. Nd.h ;=< iS.%fhka jhdma; jQj;a" tys§ f.dvke.=Kq pß;hkag ia:djr jkakg ls;=if¾ l%shdldÍ;ajh m%udkj;a ù fkd;snqks' úfYaIfhkau ksoiqka jYfhkau u;lhg ke.=fjd;a f;dvqjdj" je,a," uÜgfldgqj m%foaYfha b;d Yla;su;a ;rek jeäysá mssßila ls;=ir jgd f.dvke.=k;a wo ta msßfia lsisÿ f;dr;=rla wikakg olskakg fkd,efí' mqj;am;l m, jk 242

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

idys;H úkaokhlg jvd m%dfhda.Slj iudc mqreId¾:hkaf.a yrh yÿkk mrmqrla ls;=irg f.dvk.kakg yelsùu ksidu ls;=ir ienE úl,am mqj;am;la úh' tfy;a iudc jHdmdrhla yeáhg bÈßhg hkafka kï /ia l< Okfha meje;au i|yd kej; kej; wdfhdackh l< hq;=j fia nqoaê wdfhda ckhla we;s l< hq;=h' ls;=if¾ m;a;r msgqju ta i|yd m%udKj;a fkdfõ' uE;l§ —uq,a,sl=,ï l|jqr˜ lrd .sh .uk jeks l%shdldrlïo kjlhkaf.a u;jdohg úYd, Yla;shla fjkjd fkdjkqudkh' flfia fyda —ls;=ir˜ mj;sk jHdc iodpdrh bÈßfha fkdkej;S ;j ÿrg;a wNsfhda.Sj .uka flf¾jdhs m;ñ'

243

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41 ls;=ir ,shl=,h yd ußh foõ oyu f,df¾gd jdia

óg jirlg fmr ;%Sl=Kdu, Èia;%slalfha uq;+¾ mÈxÑ b;d È<s÷ ßidkd ,dnd, ÿjg fi!È wrdìfha§ urK o`vqju kshu ù isák w;r weh udi 4 jhie;s orefjl= n,d .ekSfï § lsß biafud,af,a f.dia tau ì<s÷ orejd ñh hhs' hdmkh m%foaYfha wjqreÿ 14 jhie;s ßidkd ÿjg urK o`vqju kshu jQ j. udOH j,ska ±k.kakg ,enqKq Èk ud ±ä lïmkh m;a jqKs" thg fya;=j wehf.a mjqf,a w`.ys`.lu yd mjq,a mßirh ms<sn`o ud tla;rd kd,sldjlska yd fjk;a f;dr;=re u`.ska jvd fyd|ska ±k .;a ksidh' ;%Sl=Kdu,fha Wm; ,o wehf.a fuu ;;a;ajhg iudchla f,i Tn wm udo wm yefudau j.lsj hq;= nj by; lreKq j,ska jegfyk w;r wo mj;sk foaYmd,kh" wd.u" ixialD;sh wOHdmkh" mßirh wm yefudau j.lsj hq;=h <ud ld,fha§ rg heùu mjq, ;=< wd¾Ól mSvkh tu ;;ajh mjqf,a Woúh hqoaOh mj;sk jljdkqjl fï ;SrKh .ekSu Tjqka fl;rï mSvkh fmfka m;ajkak we;ao" fï ldrKdfj§ jf.au wo fl;rï 244

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orefjda wkd: fj,do fï orefjda fukau ñksiqka wiykldÍ ;;ajhg m;afjñka mj;sk fï fudfydf;a ;ud wfma wd.u foaYmd,k" ixialD;sh fudg fjñka mj;sk njg fydòu idlaIsh' ksoiqkla f,i óg by; ld,fha tla;rd kd,sldjlska È.yereKq l;djlg m%ùKd f,i r`.mdñka isák ;eke;a;sh l;dfõu wk;=rlg ,la úh fï isoaêhg miqj tla;rd iqj fufyhl§ ^m%ùKd& ks,shf.a PdhdrEmhla wdYS¾jdo iòyd Tijñka ;sìKs ud úuiQ úg wE lshd isáfha wehj fuu wk;=frka fírd § /l .kakd f,i wdYS¾jdh b,a,k njhs' f,ih ud yg yskdjla f,iu ÿll=;a we;s úh fï ;;ajh m;aùu wfma wd.ñl kdhljreka j.lsj hq;= fkdfõo" ßidkd ÿj fuka mSvkhg m;ajQ ±ßhka" ldka;djka Wfoido wirK ;;ajfhka f.dv ±óug ldka;djkayg w;§ug ljqo bÈßm;a fjkafka tod ußh ;=ñhg fÊiq;=ud l=ig meñKs fudfydf;a ±Kqk isoaêh ñksiqka b;d neyem;a f,i f.!rjfhka hq;=j ie,l=j;a wo fï iudcfha ußh;=ñh t;=ñhf.a .=Kdx. Ôjk wdorh u;lhlaj;a ke;=juh wd.u ;=, jqj;a wmj fufyhjkafka t;=ñhg jkaokd lsÍug ñi thska tydg t;=ñh ;=< ;snQ tä;rnj yd bÈßm;aùu ta ;snQ .=Kdx. ms<snò u;lhlaj;a fkdue;sjuh' ßidkd ÿj ms<snòj fyda fjk;a mSvdldÍ ;;ajhka ms<snòj;a fkdokakd wh fndfyda isáhs" ta;a ußhd ne;sh jkaokdjg muKla iSud fj,d jeä wE;lg úfh;a fkdue;s orejka Wmkafkd;a wehg ,efnk mSvdldÍ ;;a;ajh ;=< weh ;ksfj,d fkdfjo@ ;u wy< my< wi,ajeishd mjd wd¾Ól wiykhg m;afj,d' ;sfnk fudfyd;l mjd fkdokakd f,i wo ñksiqka uu;ajhg m;afj,d ug u;lhs óg udi lSmhlg mdi,a hk orejkag fmd;a ál wrka fokak y`ÿkk whf.a uqo,a álla b,aÆ úg Tjqka lshd isáfha wms wyj,a m,a,shg hkak ´fka ±kakï nE ßï tflka ÿjkafka lsh,d" Bg i;s follg miq Tjqka Y=oaO foaYh n,d msg;a jqKs ^tla,laI ye;a;Emkaodyla .uka álÜ m;g muKla úhoï lrñks& Tjqka Y=oaO foaYh n,d msg;a jqfhah orefjl=g mdi,a fmd;a i|yd 1200 muKhs jeh jkafka fï foaYh Y=oaO jQ foaYhla lsÍug wm ueÈy;a úh 245

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

hq;= nj ms<s.; hq;= fkdfõo b;ska wfma wd.u jkaokdj foaYmd,kh" wOHdmkh" ixialD;sh j.lsj hq;= fkdfõo m%;sud yokak ,laI .Kka uqo,a úhoï lrk ñksiqka fï iudch Y=oaO foaYhla lrd f.k hEug orK iy;slh l=ulao@ .sh wjqreoafoa ugo wdrdOkdjla ,enqkd uvq m,a,s hEug wfka Thd,f.a ÿla lror ksfjkak uvq foaj uEKshkag ndrhla fjkak lshdh ud lshd isáfha hqoaOfha§ wkd: jqKq Ôú; wdfha ;ukaf.au lsh,d ksoyia Ôú; .; lrk lï uu uvq m,a,s jkaokdj hkafka kE fldaáhla ÿkak;a lsh,d' Tjqka ug yskdjqkd' Tjqka h<s meñKs miq mjq wfka uvq m,a,sh hk mdf¾ wkd: lòjqre yo,d ta ñksiqka wms nia tfla hoa§ w; jekqjd ugkï ÿl ys;=kd ug tfjf,a Thdj u;la jqKd we;a; ;uhs wm lf,a ,eÊc ke;s jevla tfya wh wkd: fj,d mjq wfka ug ÿl ys;=Kd' ta whf.a ;ekafka ta;a ug kï i;=gla ±Kqk' talj;a f;areï .shdg ußh ne;sh f,i wm olsk w`ÿre nj ÿre jQjd kï" wms ,eÊc ke;s jev fld;rï lrkjdo ußh ne;sh f,i wm wd.u fl;rï f;areï fkdf.k lghq;= lsÍu ms<snò lemùu jvd is;sh hq;= fkdfjo' wm ;jÿrg;a t;=ñhf.a Ôúf;a ú.%y lr .ksñka meyeÈ,s lr .; hq;af;a thhs óg jir fol ;=klg by;§ orejka iuÕ Ôj; úkdY lr.;a ldka;djka fl;rï isáhdo@ tu isoaêj,ska miqj tu ldka;dj nek je§u ñi thg fya;= jQ ldrKd fiõjdo@ ta fj,dfõ wehg Woõ jqfKa ljqo@ wm wd.u ;=< ußh;=ñh ;=, úYajdih n,dfmdfrd;a;=j fm%au lsÍu wdorh lsÍu f;areï .ekSu fï .=K wm ;=, mj;skjdo wm ñksiqka f,i fï iudch bÈßhg f.k hEug wm .kakd W;aidyh fl;rïo wd.u foaYmd,kh wOHdmkh ixialD;sh wmg yß ksjerÈ foa ,nd fokjdo@ wo udOH ;=, mjd .eyeKsh fj<ò NdKavhla f,i úlsfKñka uqo,a j,g iSud lrñka rejg n,hg muKla iSudfj,d ±kqu wOHdmkh fkdj foaYmd,kh uyd yia;hla f,i m;=rjñka mSvkhg m;a fjk wm yefudau nhù ksy`v fjkjdo ta fï iudch mSvkhg ,la lrñka mqyq is;=ï me;=ï 246

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

iu`. wm wkaO fj,d' wd.u iudc Ôú; mqoa.,sl Ôú; fuka fj,d wd.u ;=, Ôú; olskak wmg yqre lr,d fkdue;s ùu fï ysia ;ekla f,i wm yoj;a m;a fj,do ußh ne;sh f,i wi,ajeishdg fkdolsk ;dla wm yg b;=re jkafka Nla;su;a jkaokd. ú;rhs' ta w;ßka ls;=ir m;a;rfha ,sh l=,h f,i m,jk tu msgqj ldka;djka ;=, olsk ffO¾hh jákdlu yelshdjka fï iudchg rgg wjYH mßÈ Wlyd .ekSug u. ie,fia' wm fkdolsk iduchla udOHj,ska fmkajk ldka;d pß;j, fkdj ienE yev rej fmkajñka fuu iudch ;=, jákdlu u;= lrñka tu rejg ;ekla fok iudcfha jevg ;ekla fok msgqjla f,i ud olskd ienE ld¾hg u;= lrñka hym; Wfoid jeh fjk fjfyfik W;aiy lrk ldka;djka Wfoid is;kakg fm<fUk msgqjls —,sh l=,h˜ rejg fkdfjk jevg {dKhg nqoaêh bv fok msgqjla f,i woyia we;s msgqjla ;j ÿrg;a ldka;dj Wfoid óg jvd mq¿,a fjñka ldka;d pß; y`ÿkd .ksñka n,fõ.j, uqyqK fok hym; i`oyd bÈßhg hk pß; y`ÿkd .ksñka ,sh l=,h ;j mshuka l, hq;=uh'

247

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42 ls;=ir Èjeis y`vla ã'iS'tï' m%kdkaÿ

óg úis jirlg fmr ls;=ir Wm; wo Bfha jf.a u;lh’ t;fldg;a uu úY%dñlhs' ta u;lh kdu,a mq;d iuÕhs ne¢,d ;sfnkafka' Tyq ug uq,skau yuqjqfKa ls;=ok mqnqÿj ;=<' Tyq we;=¿ l¿;r" fudrgq ;reK msßia jvd;a m%;.;sYS,S weoys,a,la i|yd mqnqÿj ;=< wr., l<d' ls;=r wdrïN jQ uq,a hq.fha ls;=ir msrsig fndfyda wNsfhda. j,g uqyqK fokak isÿ jqKd ug u;lhs' ls;=ir i;H bisu;= lrk úg Bg uqyqK fokakg neß jQ md¾Yaj t,a, l< ;¾ck .¾ck uyd m¾j;hlg jÈk iq<x frdola fia i,lñka neyer lrñka l%sia;shdkS fm%auh ;=< ls%hd lrkakg Tjqkagh yels jqKd' foú÷ka ÿka Èjeisjr le|ùu ksjerÈj jgyd .ksñka jir 20 la fï .uk meñKSu .ek uu foú÷kag ;=;s fokjd' i;H jYfhkau ls;=ir mqj;am; ''' tod wo yd fyg fï m%Yakh iudch ;=< Ôj;a jk ñksiqkaf.a Ôú; hd;%djkag fm%aufha" idufha rdcH keue;s f;dgqfmd,g ksjerÈ ud¾.h fmkajk m%§md.drhla' 248

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

43 ls;qkq yrh fidhk ls;=ir foaYmd,kh isßfiak chj¾Ok

—foúhks Tn uejq f,dj mqÿuhs myk <`.hs wdf,dafl ÿrhs˜ fmdfidka iq<`. lmdf.k wE; mkai,lska yUd tk .S y`v nia ßh ;=,g n,y;aldrfhka lvd j§' wNdjm%dma; w,aydÊ fudys§ka fn.a udiag¾ isxy, fn!oaO lg y`äka foúhka jykafiaf.a ueùu .ek .Shla .hhs' ;=ka wE`ÿ;= ixfhdackh iu`. w¾:ho wmQreh' ú.%y lr.; hq;=j we;' tfy;a ld,h yUd hk niaßh fõ.fhka ÿjhs' —vhsj¾ mdr fyd`od wer,d m,hka˜ wo wikakg ke;s ta .S;h .ehQ tã chudkak nifhka nei fndfyda l,ah' tod mqj;am;la Tyqf.ka isßhdfj hqoaOhla fkao weiQy' —hqoaOhla ;sfhk rgl fldfyao whsfi isßhdjla˜ Tyqf.a laIKsl ms<s;=r úh' tã udiag¾ fï nia ßfha issáhd kï fyd`oh' túg ug —,xldfõ hqoaOh bjr fka±hs˜ weiSug ;snqKs' —Tõ whsfi hqoaOh 249

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

bjrhs˜' —rg bjfrgu bjrhs˜' Tyq lshkq we;' tjeks jdpd, h:d¾: yrj;a úlg lgla Bg miq my, jqfkau ke;s ;rïh' ú.,s; iudch mqrjd .;a nia ßh fõ. okjd bÈßhgu wefohs' miqmiska ÿqn`Èkafka ljqreka±hs ne,Sug ;ykïh' fmdaiag¾ wdjrKhlska miqmi ùÿrej jeiS we;' fï f.!;u nqÿkaf.a foaYhhs' wk;=re bÈßfha;a ch.%yKhu yUdhk wiqka.;a nqßh we;s foújre ùÿre ljq¨ w;ßka n,d fidïkiska bmsf,;s' m%fõYm;a fkd§ udre ldis ñg fud<jd .;a fldkafodia;r ihsâ lKakdäfhka n,d w;ska" mhska" láka ix{d ksl=;a lrhs' cj iïmkak Wvq /jq,aldr ßhÿrdg by<ska ish¿ idialDka jykafia,d jecfU;s' Wka jykafia,d ueÈ lr.;a nqßh ke;s foújre nxvd iu`. fjila fkdj fmdfidka uyskaod.ukh n,kakg jä;s' ta .S;hl .uka ;d,hgh' .S;fhka .S;hg /ia j,¨ kghs' w¿;a .S;hla kej; werfò' —fmr,shka" fmr,shka" fmr,shka" fmr,shka" fmr,shka nr lr;af; fmr,shka"˜ f.ù hk fï ksfïYh ,>qfldg" foaYmd,ksl w¾:fhka m%k¾Yk woyilska ug f.dapr jk f,i lshjd .; yels iudc ú.%yh tfiah' tl;= lsÍï" neyer lsÍï" ixfYdaOko ;sìh yel, ;sìh hq;=h' —fudkjo fï fjkak hkafk@˜ isoaëka jYfhka Èh hq;= ms<s;=re b;du §¾>h' —fudkjo fkdfjkak mq¿jka@˜ —fydò fohla kï fjkak bv ke;'˜ ish¿u jHikhkag u`. újr fjñka mj;S' ta ksid ±kqj;aj ueÈy;a úh hq;=h' wkaOldrh iu`. È.= ksy`v;djhl iudch .=,s .eiS mj;S' fuhg j.lsj hq;af;a foaYmd,kho wd.uo ta folu±hs f;dard fírd .ekSug fkdyels f,i mg,eù we;' tfiau foaYmd,kh yd wd.u .ek kej; kej; ienE f,i od¾Yksl ;,hl msysgd ú.%y lr.; hq;=j we;' ke;af;a;a thuh' ta ksid wu;l jQ l< f.jqk u`. kej; wduka;%Kh l< hq;=h' ish¿ wd.ñl kHdhka wêm;sjd§ rdcHhl meje;au ;yjqre lsÍu fjkqfjka ie§ meye§ tl;amiaij ysò" wdjf;aj 250

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lï yd mqkHd.akqfudaokd lrk whqre meyeÈ,sh' ck;dj ±yeka .; fldg rdcHh iu`. hyka.; lrkakgo" ck;d úfrdaë úrillï iukh lrkako fkd.kakd fjfyila ke;' ta i`oyd ish¿ ñ;Hdjka yd .=ma; n,fõ.j,o msysg me;Sfï§ fn!oaO" l%sia;shdks" uqia,sï fyda fjk;a oyul wd.ñl fNaohla ke;' fNaohla we;af;a kïnqldr wd¾Ól mx.=j yd ixialD;sl jmißh fkdwvqj ,nd .ekSu fjkqfjkah' wêm;sjd§ isxy, fn!oaOd.u ta fjkqfjka fmruqK f.k we;' ta i`oyd l%sia;shdks" uqia,sï foajia:dk j, .fvd,a l=¿Kq fukau ñksia n, lKqo bjid ord isáh hq;=h' uE; ld,h iS>%jo ksr;=rejo j¾Okhl fmrksñ;s my< fldg ;sfí' lsj yels nrm;, isoaëka rdYshls'

rdcH wd.u nqÿ weu;sjrhl=o m;afldg

oyu we;'

fõ' Tyq

nqoaO Ydik w.ue;so fõ'

rcfha foaYmd,ksl u;jdoh iqmsßisÿ isxy, fn!oaO rdcHhla f.dv k.d .ekqu fjkqfjks' ta i`oyd ck;dj Ôjk oßø;djfhka ñßlñkao" ue;s weu;s frd;a; yd Wiia ks,Odßjdohg hyñka rfÜ wd¾Ólh .rd .ekSug bv i,iñkao ;sfí' cdjdrïldr .e;a;kag N+ñh i;= ish¿ iïm;a ysf;a yeáhg uxfld,a,ld úkdY lsÍug bv i,id foñka we;' nvcyß fyxphshkag" md;d, kdhlhskag" uD. wmrdOldrhkag kS;shla ke;' wjkS;sh rc lrjhs' cd;sl wdrlaIdj ck;djg fkdj ish¿ wlghq;=lï" widOdrKh" whqla;sh fjkqfjks' mSvkh" ;¾ckh" u¾Okh ish¿ mSä;hkaf.a ysi u;g m;s; fldg we;' mSä;hkaf.a ish¿ Woaf>daIK wr.,hka —;%ia;jdoh u;= ùug bv we;˜ hk wkqudk w¾:l:khg hg lrñka wêlrK ;Skaÿ u`.ska wyqrd ;nd we;' hy md,kh fmak f;la udkhl ke;' nqoaêu;=kao úmlaIho úl,am woyila ke;sj wrdðl ù we;' fï w;r wd.u foaYmd,kfhkao, foaYmd,kh wd.ñkao fjkalr .ekSug úfÊodi rdcmlaI úmlaI uka;%S;=ud ork 251

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wysxil W;aidyh ydiHcklh' foaYmd,k kdhlhkaf.ka fyda wd.ñl kdhlhkaf.ka f.ka ta i`oyd lsisÿ ms<sirKla ke;' lsisÿ iajdëk woyila fyda úfõpkhlao ke;' ksy`v;djh ;=, fydr.,a wyq,;s' nyq;r ck;djf.a wdl,amho tn`ÿh' —msámiafia weoh wuqfvka wer .ekSug bvla ke;. rgdjla ke;s" ,;djla ke;s" ks¾udKYS,S l,djla ke;s fujeks foaYmd,ksl" wd¾Ól" idudðl" ixialD;sl miqìula hgf;a" ls;=ir úl,am ls;=kq mqj;am; .ek l:d l< hq;=j we;' úkdYldÍ .kaOín ljkaOhlg wOHd;añl ysila o YÍr l+vqjg Ôú;hlao ,nd Èh hq;=j we;'

ls;= oyfï úuqla;s yrh u;= lr .ekSu fjkqfjkao" hym;a foaYhla f.dvk`.d .ekqu fjkqfjkao th fmkS isà' úfgl th m,a,sfha wêm;s u;hg tfrysj idOkSh f,i fya;= olajhs' úfõpkh lrhs' ksr;=rej wr.,hlo ksr; fjhs' tfiau wd.ïjdofhka" cd;sjdofhka" hqOjdofhka f;dr iyÔjkh" iduh ,nd .ekSu fjkqfjka ±ä lemùulao" ks¾oh úfõpkh lsÍulao lrhs' ish¿ o¾Ykjd§ Ydia;Dka jykafia,df.a foaYkdo" nqoaêu;=kaf.a woyiao" udlaiajd§ w¾: ksrEmKhkaf.kao hqla;hs' ck;d úfrdaë l=uk wdKavqjlg" rdcHhl jqjo meyeÈ,s f,i ck;djf.a úuqla;sfha wr.,h olajd jHdma; lsÍugo lghq;= lrhs' ish¿ ksjerÈ wr.,hka yS§ bÈß.dó" m%.;sYS,S f,i ueÈy;a fjhs' ta ls;=kq wd.fï yrfha u;=lr .ksñka ck;djf.a úuqla;sh fjkqfjkah' hy md,khla fjkqfjks' y`v ke.Sugo wr., lsÍugo mq¿jk' tfy;a m%dfhda.slj l%shd;aul lsÍug rdcH n,hla wjYHhh' ta i`oyd meyeÈ,s ms<s;=rla ke;' ls;=kq oyfï yrh ^ ienE wd.ñl foaYmd,khla & jYfhkao ú.%y lrhs' 252

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

—wd.u foaYmd,kslhs'˜ .re lS¾;su;a uydpd¾h m%kaY=jd yqgd¾Ü msh;=udf.a iudc" foaYmd,ksl l%sia;shdks" ms<sn`o lemlsÍu yd fjfyi .ek ls;=ir m%ldYhla ksl=;a lr we;' th Wkajykafia iu`. l< l;dny we;=,;a m%ldYhls' th ixjdohg .; hq;= ;rfï m%ldYkhls' m%ldYlf.a fmrjoko idlÉPd lrñka ;j ÿrg;a lrñka l< hq;= ld¾hhls' —udkj úuqla;sh le<e,a lrk" Bg wl=,a fy<k" wêm;sjd§ udj;ska msg; l%u úfrdaë úl,amh ;=, ;uhs wd.fï ienE foaYmd,k yrh biau;= jkafka' Ôj .ekafjkafka'˜ th Wmqgd .ekSuls

253

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44 wOHd;añl jHdmdr wdh;k.; jkafka flfiao ir;a wfír;ak

—ueähdf.a hdÉ[dj˜ keue;s fmd; bkaÈhdfõ úiQ fÊiq ksldhsl mQcl;=ul= jQ .re weka;ks o fu,af,da úiska ,shk ,o fmd;a lSmfhka tlla' 1988 - 1993 olajd ld,h ;=< fuys msgm;a 40000 muK uqøKh lr wf,ú lr ;sfnkjd' ks;ru i;H fidhd .sh msh;=ul= jQ fu;=ud" fuu fmdf;ys .eUqre f;areula we;s woyia ydiH rih u;=jk wdldrhg úia;r lr we;af;a l=vd l;kaor wdY%fhka' my; m< jkafka tys tl l:dkaorhla' f;audj ( wOHd;añl jHdmdr wdh;k.; jkafka flfiao@ ;u f.da,hdf.a wdOHd;añl j¾Okh .ek w;sYhska iEySug m;a jQ tla .=re;=ul= Tyqg ;j;a u`.fmkaùï ,nd §u wkjYH hehs is;d" .`.la winv l=vd uvqjla jeks me<la idod §" Tyqj mÈxÑ l<d' 254

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

iEu WoEiklu msßisÿ jQ fuu f.da,hd ;ud ika;l jQ tlu wuqv f,akaiqj fidaod fõ,d .ekSug t<sfha jekqjd' tla Èkla Tyq n,j;a fõokdjg m;a jqKd' Tyqf.a tlu wuqv f,akaiqj óhka úiska lE,s lE,s jkfia brd ;snqKd' Tyq .ïuqkag wheÈñka ;j;a wuqv f,akaiqjla ,nd .;a;d' tu wuqv f,akaiqj;a óhka úiska ld ouk ,o fyhska Tyq n<f,la we;s lrkakg mgka .;a;d' bkamiq óhkaf.ka lrorhla fkdjqj;a" ;udf.a wdydr imhd .ekSug wu;rj n<,dg wjYH lsß imhd .ekSug;a .ïuqkaf.ka wheo isákakg isÿ jqKd' fufia lror lsÍu jerÈ hhs is;+ Tyq lsß ,nd .ekSug t<fofkl= we;s lrkakg mgka .;a;d' kuq;a ±ka ;Kfld< imhd fokakg;a .ïuqkag isÿ jqKd' uu udf.a f.me, jfÜ ydrd ;Kfld< jjkjd' tfia is;d jev l< Tyqg Ndjkd lrkakg wjYH ld,h flá jqKd' Tyq fmdf<dj ie§ug lïlrejka jevg .;a;d' ±ka lïlrejkaf.a jev ne,Su" f.or fodf¾ jev ne,Su" Tyqg lrorhla jqKd' fï jev ish,a, tlg fnod .ekSu i`oyd Tyq újdy jqKd' jeä ld,hla .;fjkakg u;af;ka Tyq .fï fmdfydi;a ñksil= njg m;a jqKd' wjqreÿ .Kklg miq .=re;=ud ;u f.da,hdf.a meje;au ne,Sug meñKshd' uvqj iEÿ ;ek iqúi,a ukaÈrhla n`ÿ ksjdihla ÿgq .=re;=ud mqÿuhg m;a jqKd' wi, isá fiajlfhl= ±l —ud udf.a f.da,fhla mÈxÑ l< ia:dkh fu;ek fkdfõ±hs˜ úuid isáhd' fiajlhd ms<s;=re §ug fmr f.da,hd t;=ud bÈsßfha fmkS isáhd' —fï ish,af,a f;areu l=ula±hs mq;˜ lshd .=re;=ud Tyqf.ka úuiqjd' —Tn;=ud kï úYajdi lrk tlla keye .=re;=uks' ug uf.a wuqv f,akaiqj wdrlaId lr.kakg fjk l%uhla ;snqfKa ke;ehs˜ f.da,hd ms<s;=re ÿkakd ±ka Tnf.a fofk; fuu l:dfõ f;audj fj; kej; fhduq lrkak' tu f;audj fuu l:djg fldf;la ÿrg wod< ±hs Tnu is;d n,kak'

255

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45 kj wyila kj fmd<jla Wfoid .S;dks yd ls%iaá fmf¾rd

y~la ke;sjqkaf.a y~ f,iska ìysjqKq ls;=ir mqj;am;g jir 20la imsfrhs''' ls;=ir yd ne÷KQ wmf.a iyDo iïnkaOh ms<sn|j udf.a u;lh È. yef¾' ta 1997 j¾Ifha§ muK úh hq;=h' ta jk úg;a ls;=ir ish miajk úh blaujñka isá nj u;lh''' i`.rdjl m%udKfha mqj;am;la f,i msgq ieliSu yd uqøK lghq;= lsÍfï iïnkaOfhka wm ^ls%iaà yd ud& Tjqka yd w;aje,a ne|.;af;a cQâ ,d,a msh;=udf.a ñ;%;ajh yrydh' udkj ohdj" ls%ia;shdksh jpkhla fkdj Ôú; o¾Ykhla nj tÈfkod Ôú; ls%hdj,shla njg idlaIs ±rE yoj;a we;s ienE ñksiqka .eyeKqka weiqre lsÍfï Nd.Hh wmg ysñúh''' iEu uilgu osk fol ;=kla uyskao kdu,a fidhqrdg yd cQâ ,d,a msh;=udg ,sms /f.k j;a;,g taug isÿ úh' jre .Kka wm yd /f|kakg isÿjQ wdldrh ug u;lh' Tyqf.a l=vd wl=re iys; È.= ,sms tla j.ka;shlaj;a bj;a fkdlr mqj;amf;a iSudiys; l=vd msgq w;rg ßx.jd .ekSug ud fmdr ne¥ wdldrh u;la fõ' ls;=ir wl=re lrùug yd msgqieliSu isÿ flrefKa fndfydaúg udf.a ffoksl jev lghq;= w;r;=r 256

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

neúka mqj;am; ksu lsÍug ksÈjeÍug isÿjQ jdro fndfyda úh' fiau fidaÿm;a lshùug fiau ixialrKh lsÍug cQâ ,d,a msh;=udo fndfydaúg ksÈj¾ð;j wm yd lghq;= lf<ah' uqøKh i|yd j.lSu orñka úl%u msh;=ud fukau Tjqka yd iïnkaOj ls%hd l< fndfyda wh yd wm w;r in|;djh j¾Okh úh' úúO mSä; ck fldgia yd ifydaor;ajfhka hq;=j f.jQ w;a±lSï wm yd fnod .ksñka wmf.a Ôú;o mßk: lsÍug odhljQ fuu yDohx.u ñksiqka yd tlaj jev lsÍfuka W;=ï fufyjrlg odhlùug yelsùu wm ,o wmQ¾j w;a±lSula f,i ksy;udkSj igyka lrñ'''' iudc idOdrK;ajh ms<sn|j fldf;l=;a ,sms f,aLk yd fmd;am;aj, msgq ieliqï lr ;snqKo" lshjd ;snqKo" udkj ys;jd§ wdl,am fldf;la ;snqKo ud w;ska msgq ieliqKq m<uq ls;=ir mqj;am; uf.a yDo idlaIsh fnfyúka ii, l< j. ug u;lh' ta tys jQ b;du ir,u ,smsfha isg .eUqre foaYmd,ksl ,smsh olajd wka;¾.;jQ udkj ±lau udf.a ±lafï we;s mgqlu" l=ÿlu wNsfhda.hg ,la l< ksid úh hq;=h''' wÔù mqj;am;l wl=re w;ßka fmdÿ uy;a mSä; ñksia ixy;sh fjkqfjka jehfjk mQcdjk l=reim;a jk iÔù ñksia iuQyhlf.a ls%hdldÍ wjHdc yo.eiau u;=jQ ksid úh hq;=h' ls;=ir fufyhjkq ,nkafka mgq ,dN wfmalaIdfjka fyda l=uk fyda udOH wdh;khl mgq wruqKq idlaId;a lsÍfï wfmalaIdfjka fkdfõ' th fufyhjkq ,nkafka kj wyila kj fmd<jla ìyslsÍfï msmdifhka Èjd ? ±fjk udkj ys;jdoh .eUqßkau yo /÷Kq ñksiqka iuQyhlf.a yDoidlaIsfha fm<Uùfuks' hqoaOfhka neg lk oñ< ck wr., ;=<" wkd: l|jqre ;=< fukau ksoyia fj<| l,dmfha lïlre wr., ;=<" j;=lrfha lïlre wr., ;=< W;=f¾;a ol=fKa;a ëjr ck;djf.a wr., ;=< fukau wfkalúO mSvdjkag uqyqK fok" urd ±fuk" isr.; flfrk msSä;hka yd /f|ñka Wkqka yd udxY.; fjñka ls%hdldÍ ùfuka Tjqka ,nk mkakrh ;=<sks' l=uk ffY,shlska l=uk f;audjla hgf;a ,shjqko ls;=if¾ ,smsj, .eífjk Ôú nfõ ryi thhs' 257

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

Y=' nhsn,Sh úuqla;s foaj Od¾ól yrh ish Y=oaOjQ ±lau yd moku lr.;a ls;=ir wdrïNfha isgu tys uqLH mrud¾:h jQ ienE ls;=kq iajrh oi; kskakdo lrùug iu;a úh' th ixia:d.; lf;da,sl iNdfõ foaYShj yd cd;Hka;rj mj;sk foìä iajrEmh ksrka;rfhkau ks¾Nhj wNsfhda.hg ,la lrhs' tmuKla fkdj fndÿKq ls;=Kq " yskaÿ" bia,dï wdoS ish¨u wd.ñl l;=jrekaf.a W;a;Í;r wruqK jQ udkj ohdj uq,a lr.;a wdOHd;añl úuqla;sh ta ta wd.ñl ixia:d u.ska úkdY lr ouk wdldrh wNsfhda.hg ,la lrhs' ls;=ir wka;¾.;h mj;sk iudc h:d¾:fha ienE yrialvls' ck Ôú;h ;=< iudc-wd¾Ól-foaYmd,ksl wOHdmksl jHQyhka úksúo olsïka ñksiqka mSvdjg m;a lrkq ,nk wdldrhka ms<sn|j i;H .fõIkhl fhfoñka tys j.lsjhq;a;ka fj; we`.s,a, È.= lsÍug ks¾NS; fjhs' iuia; udkj meje;aug bjy,a jk iEu fCIa;%hlau tys ±laug yiq lr.kS' udkj meje;aug iDcqju n,mdk ñysuj iq/lSfï wjYH;djh ±ä fia wjOdkhg ,la lrhs' ñysuj úkdY lrùfï ish`M m%h;ak i¾j wdldrfhkau wNsfhda. hg ,la lrhs' ukqIH Ôú;fha wñ, jákdlu <orejdf.a mgka uy¨ úh olajd Èfjk Ôú; wjia:djkays§ biau;= lr olajhs' ldhslj fukau udkisljo wOHd;añljo Ôú;h úkdYlr,Sug tfrysj mj;sk l%uhg wNsfhda. lrhs' wd.ïjdofhka fukau Bg wh;a yqÿ j;ams<sfj;aj,ska Tíng mdGlhdf.a úYajdifha oEi újr lrjhs' weoys,sjka;hka yDo idlaIsh idOdrK ;Skaÿ ;SrK .ekSug ls;=ir mdGlhd fmd<Ujhs' ifydaor ne`Mï fy<ñka hqoaOfha w;s wudkqIsl nfõ f.dÿre njg m;a W;=f¾ ck;djf.a l`ÿ, flf¾ ol=fKa ck;dj ixfõ§ flfrhs' zjika;hZ wre;anr ;dreKHlg flfrk wdrdOkhls' ckmS%h udOH wdh;k u.ska ìyslsÍug jEhï lrk ckmS%Sh ;dreKfha yriqka nj jgyd fokakg jEhï orhs' ÿl ord Ôú;h ch.;a ;dreKHfha ùr;ajh Ôú; idlaIs ;=<ska w.h lrñka ;dreKHg fjr ùßh imhhs' z,sh l=,hZ j;auka iudcfha iuia; ldka;d mrmqr foi idOdrK oDIaáfldaKhlska n,d" ia;S%;ajhg tfrysj il, mSvdjkag tfrysj y`v k.hs' .S; ixl,amkd" kdgHh" 258

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

iskudj hkd§ l=uk wdldrfha udOHhka ;=<ska jqjo biau;= flrk ukqIH;ajfha Wodr;ajh úoyd olajkakg ls;=ir bv lv i,ihs' iudcfha iuia; úuqla;sh fjkqfjka ls%hdldÍjQ fndfyda fm!reI lemlr we;s pß;dmodk ls;=irg tla lrkafka uyd Ôjhls' 20 jirl ls;=ir .ukau. u,a mdjv u;ska wd .ukla fkdjk j. b÷rdu oksuq' ish`M ndOl ysßyer ueo ls;=ir tys kug ysñ w¾:h jpkfha mßiudma; w¾:fhkau /l.ksñka mßk: ls;=Kq y~ m;=rjñka buy;a j.lSulska hq;=j ish Èjeisjr ld¾hNdrh ks¾NS;j yd ksrjoHj bgq lrñka wog;a ls%hdldÍùu ms<sn|j ls;=irg mK fmdjk foõ ñksia wOHd;auhlska msßmqka ls;=ir udOH iuQySlh fj; wmf.a yo msß m%Kduh mqo lr isáuq' hq.fha wjYH;djla bgq lsrSug ;j;a os.= .uklg osrsh Yla;sh m;uq'

259

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

46 ls;=ir lshjd .eksu' ls;=ir lshjd .eksu' pu;a ì' mhd.,

—ls;=ir˜ mqj;am;g jir 20 la msßu ksñ;af;ka úis jir ieureï l,dmhka m< lsßug udf.ka ,smshla b,a,d" ,smshla bÈßm;a ùu;a cqâ iuka; fidhqrd tu ,smsh t,j t,jd b,a,d isáfï m%;sM,hla f,i fuu ,smsh —ls;=ir˜ fj; fhduq lrñ' ls;=irg ,shkafkl= f,io" ls;=ir lshjkafkl= f,io" —ls;=ir˜ .ek h,s;a ls;=irg ,shkakg uf.a lsisu woyila fkdue;s fj,djl iy —ls;=ir˜ .ek hï woyila ,shd fokakehs uf.ka fkd b,a,kq we;ehs ud is;k fj,djl fujeks wdrdOkdjla ,eìu mqÿu iy.;h' ta mqÿuh uis;g ,nd §u .ek ux i;=gq fjñ' 260

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

—ls;=ir˜ iy wm fï fudfydf;a —ls;=ir˜ mgka .eKqkq wdldrh —ls;=ir˜ fjkqfjka wm fidhqre fidhqßhka lem jq wdldrh" ls;=irg we;s wdorh ksidu nek .;a;= whqre" iuyr úg ojia .Kka l:d fkdlr ysgmq yeá" uqo,a fkdue;sj niaj, fydfrka .sh yeá" f.oßka neKqï wymq yeá" —ls;=ir˜ g ,shq ,sms ksid mdi, ;ykï jq yeá" wdÈ isiqka .ykak wdmq yeá" nv.skafka ysgmq yeá" nv mef,kak ldmq yeá" ñ;=rka i;=re jq yeá" kd÷kk wh ñ;=rka jq yeá" ku weiq iekska iuyr foudmshka ìh jq ieá" ñ;=rkaf. f.j,aj,ska m%;slafIam jq yeá" w~mq yeá" iskdiqk yeá" ,shkakg is;afõ' ta ;rï ta igyka fid÷reh' wdorKshh' kuqÿ fï ta fudfyd; fkdfõ' tfy;a wm yeu ls;=ir fjkqfjka tjeks lem lsßï rdYshla isÿ l< nj muKla fufia igyka lr ;nñ' ieneúka u fï —ls;=ir˜ iy wm fkdj" ls;=if¾ wm fyda wfma ls;=ir úh hq;= hehs ud is;ñ' ls;=ir .ek ls;=irg ls;=ir .ek ls;=irg ,shk fï uf.a ;=kajk ,smshhs' m<uq ,smsh ±kg jir oyhlg muK fmr —ls;=ir˜ ls;=ir kej; lshùu hkqfjka È.= ,smshla m< jq w;r tu.ska ls;=ir mqj;amf;a wdrïNfha isg ta olajd jq ,sms .ek hï úpdrhla i|yka jqjd hehs is;ñ' tu ,smsh ;=<ska thg jvd f,dl= úfõpkhlg hd hq;=j ;snqkd hehs fï fudfydf;a ud yeÕsñ' kuqÿ miqld,Skj tu ,smsfhka b,a,d ;snq iuyr foaj,a mqj;am;g tl;= jqjd hehs is;ñ' tysÈ mqxÑ iajdñf.a yDo idlaIsh" .ñka .u ;ekska ;ek jeks úfYaIdx. lemS fmfkhs' flfia fj;;a tu ,smsh ixjdohg újD; jq w;r ixialdrl ;=udf.a fyda fjk hï lsisjl=f.a ixjdohg th ,la fkdúKs' ls;=irg —ls;=ir˜ .ek ,shmq fojk ,smsh —ls;=ir˜ ys m<jqfha ke;' th m< fkdjk nj okakd ksidu th wod, hy¨jkag fukau lKavdhï j,go Pdhd msgm;a lr fnod 261

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

yeßfhñ' tu ,smsh m< fkdúug fya;= ù ;snqfKa ls;=ir ±ä f,iu m%Yak lr ;sìu hhs uu fm!oa.,slj is;ñ' ,smsh m, fkdúug tu fya;=j ldrKdjla fkdúh hq;= hehso ud ±ä f,i úYajdi lrkqfha tu ,smsh yqÿ úfõpkhla muKla fkdjk neúks' flfia kuqÿ fuu ,smsh tu ,sms foflka u neyerj ,súug woyia lrñ' ls;=ir ;sìh hq;=$ ke;s mqj;am;ls —ls;=ir˜ ls;=ir mqj;am; uqøKh fkdú ioygu kj;d oukakg isÿjkjd kï ud leu;shs' ud muKla fkdj tjeks ojilg ls;=ir mqj;am; fjkqqfjka fmks isák lKavdhuo wksjd¾hfhkau leu;s jkjd we;' tkuq;a ls;=ir uqøKh fkdú ioygu kj;d oukakg isÿ jkqfha foúhka g m%ikak jq f,dalhlÈ muKh" Wkajykafiaf.a rdcHhlÈ muKh' todg ls;=ir kj;d oukakg isÿ jkq we;' ukao foajrdcHfhys w;s .re ìfIdmajreo .re msh;=uka,do .sysfhdao msiaiq fl,skafka ke;s ksidh' wms tjeks Èkhla .ek weia werf.k isysk olskafkda fjuq' —ls;=ir˜ todg kj;d oukakg isÿ ùu .ek wms i;=gq fjuq' kuq;a wo wm isákafka —ls;=ir˜ wksjd¾hfhkau ;sìh hq;= ld,hlh' udi folska folg fkdj oji .dfka uqøKh ùug ;rï wm iudch yd ls;=kq iNdj úkdY ù we;' ±kg;a ysgmq .uka ls;=ir uqøKh fkdjkafka wd¾Ól m%YaK ksid nj oksñ' ta .ek ys;g ±fkkafka ±ä lK.dgqjls' ta fjkqfjka ug hula lrkakg fkdyels úu thg;a jvd lK.dgqodhlh' —tlu ÈjH i;am%idoh ,nk ñksiqkaf.a msÕkaj, foúÈhlg lEu ;sìh yelso@ ls;=ir mqj;amf;a m< uq l,dmfha m<uq msgqfõu tfia i|yka lr ;snqKs' ta jir 20 lg muK fmrh' kuqÿ th wog;a tl f,iu j,x.=h' ukao tlu ÈjH i;am%idoh ,nk whf.a msÕkaj, ;ju;a ;sfnkafka úúO lEu j¾. ksidh' 262

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

fï jdlHh foaYmd,ksl yd wd.ñl jYfhka .;a l, b;d .eUqre o¾Ykhlg wmj /f.k hhs' i;a m%idoh ,nkjdkï iu iudchla we;s lr .; hq;=h' fkdtfia kï ÈjH i;am%idoh ,nd m,la ke;' ienúkau ÈjH i;am%idoh ckjkaokdfõ fldgila fkdj Ôjk l%uhls' ±kg jir 20 l muK fmr isg fï Ôjk l%uh iudc .; lrkakg yok ta fjkqfjka or Èh weoao wÈk ls;=ir .ek i;=gq fjñ' tod fuod ;=r tu iudch f.dv ke.su i|yd l< lS oE fudk ;rï iudc.; jqjdo hkak fidhd ne,su jà' ls;=ir iunro@ —ls;=ir˜ lsisfia;au iunr úh hq;= ke;" hkak uf.a u;hls' fyd|hs krlhs w;r ;j;a fyd|la ;sfnkakg neßh' tneúka ksjerÈ foa fjkqfjka meyeÈ,sju fmkS isáh hq;=h' kuqÿ mqj;aml ;sìh hq;= iu;=,s;Ndjh wm /l.; hq;=h' ta;a md¾Ijhl muKla lreKq úuiSu l< fkdyelsh' tu.ska jerÈ w¾:hla isÿ ùug" tl;= jkakg mq¿jk' fuys § udo j.lsjhq;= jrola fmkajd §ug leue;af;ñ' r;akmqr lyj;a; m%foaYfha ue,alï rxð;a ro.=re;=ud úiska isÿ l, ksjdi lvd ±ñu jd¾;d lsÍug uuo fma%uka yd u;SI fidhqrkao .sfhuq' tysÈ wms ck;djf.a woyia ,nd .;af;uq' kuqÿ ro.=re ;=udf.a woyia ,nd .eksug fkdyels úh' tu woyia fkdue;s j wms ,smsh ieliqfjuq' msgq follska muK iukaú; tu ,smsfha ksjdi lvd oud ;snq PdhdrEm we;=,;a lf<uq' kuq;a miq ld,skj ±k .kakg ,enqfka tu ksjdij, jákdlu Tjqka fj; ,nd È tu ksjdi lvd ±uq njhs' fuh mqj;amf;a we;s f,dl=u wvqj f,i uu th olsñ' tjeks ,sms mqj;am; ;=< ´k ;rï ;sfí' mqj;am;lska we;a; lsh hq;=h' th ck;d whs;shla fiau wmf.a hq;=luls' tu ,sms fiau —ls;=ir˜ ys ks¾kdñl ,sms o ;sfí' j.lsula ke;a;d fiah' tfiau hï isÿùï wrnhd —ls;=ir˜ ys ia:djrh m%ldY lsßu jeo.;ah' thg fyd|u WodyrKh 263

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

jkafka fma%ï ksjdifha m%YakfhaÈ tlsfkldf.ka lreKq úuid tu lreKq muKla m< lsßuh' ;j;a tjeks isÿùï wrnhd uqksj; rlsñka ,siaid .sh ;eka we;' tjeks ;eka ksjerÈ lr.; hq;=h' ;u u;h m%ldY lsßug ìh fkdúh hq;=h' tfiau mqj;amf;a m< jq ,sms .ek l;d lrk úg msh;=uka,d .ek m< jq ,sms .ek l;d fkdlru neßh' uq,a l,dmj, ro.=re wNsfIalhg iqN me;=ï hk ,smsho" iqkkao msh;=udf.a ,smsho ls;=irg fkd.e,fma hhs is;ñ' th jvd;a ;yjqre jkafka fmr lS ro.=re ;=ud .eku hqoaOhg wdjeäu .ek hehs PdhdrEm iuÕ l;d lrkakg isÿ ùfuks' ls;=irg fuh fyd| mdvuls' fï iNdfõ ks, orejka nj wm wu;l l< hq;= ke;' tfiau foaj orefjda hld kegqy" jeks ,sms b;d jeo.;a jkafka Tjqkaj fm!oa.,slj úkdY lrkakg ork W;aidyhla fkdjk ksiduh' kuq;a miq ld,skj tjeks ,sms m< fkdjk ksid ±ka ±ka foaj orefjda hld kgkafka ke;s nj ls;=ir lshjk Tn ;SrKhlg t,ôh hq;= fkdfõ' ls;=ir ;=< wka u; ls;=ir ;=< wkau; j,g bvla ;snqKs'' uy n%yiam;skaod Pkaoh meje;aùu .ek ;snq ixjdofhaÈ yeßhÜ uhsl,a uy;df.a ,smshg bvla ,nd §u fyd| .=Khla f,i ud olsñ' t;=ud t;=udf.a ,smsfhys ±ä úfõpkhla lr ;snqKs' kuqÿ miq ld,skj ls;=ir ±ä úfõpkhla m< fkdlrk nj fmks hhs' tjeks ,sms m%;slafIam fjhs' ta .ek rdjh mqj;am;skaj;a wmg bf.k.kakg isÿ fjkjd we;' is;g tlÕj ta .ek wm is;d ne,sh hq;=h' ;d¾lsl úfõpkhg fukau yqÿ úfõpkhgo wm uqyqK Èh hq;=h' tajd ixjdo l< hq;=h' tuÕska wm bf.k .kq we;' tfiau ys;j;a whf.a jerÈ ls%hdoduhka .ek mqj;am;a uqksj; /lsu ,eÊcd ùug lreKls' b;sydifha ^1993& ,hsÜ fldaia f.dia uerekq fcdafidma .ek m< lf<a ,hsÜ fldaia uqo,d,sf.a ys;j;a wi,ajeisfhls' th m%Yakhla úh' tfiau 264

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

;u .fï m,a,sfha isÿjk ± ,shd ;ju;a bka neg lk wh isá' óg fmr ls;=if¾ tjeks ± ´ke ;rï ;snqKs' ±ka ±ka ls;=ir ys l¨;r m%foaYh ;=< isÿjk ± m< fkdfõ hehs isf;a' ls;=ir lgql=rekao n, m%foaYfha Y=oaO jq iNdfõ wY=oaO jq jev jd¾;d fkdlrk hq.fha Èjeisjr y~ kï fkdúh hq;=h' tfiau tjeks ls%hdjka wfkla udOH wdh;kj,ska jika lr .eksu olajdu j¾Okh úu .ek kï wm is;kakg wjeish' wm /lsh hq;af;a O¾uh iy i;Hhhs' wO¾uh iy wi;Hh fkdjid fmkaúh hq;=h' tfiau ls;=ir ys ls%hdoduhka tla tla whf.a Wjukdjkaj,g ,nd §u fkdúh hq;a;la f,i uu olsñ' tu.ska ls;=ir lKavdhu Èhdrejk nj uf.a ye.suhs' fï jk úg;a Tnf.a msgm;a Tn úiska ,nd.eksfuka wka wh rÕ olajd ;sfí' úfYaIfhka fï iNdfõ cv m%;sm;a;s tf,iu rlsñka fï l%uh bÈßhg u f.k hk iene fldgialrejkag tfia Tnf.a msgm;a ,ndÈu hq;= ke;' bka ck;dj neg l;s' tjeks foa l< jDlhka kï fkdfõ' jDlhkaj yÿkd fkd. eksu iy neg¨ kdgHh jDlhkag rÕ mdkakg §u .ek Tn h<s is;kq we;ehs is;ñ' iñÿkSæ m;a;r msgq w;r fldhs ;rï ksjdvqjla ;snqko bka m,la ke tys wl=re ;=< .e,úu odhl Tfí lgy~ ke;akï ienúkau ud ls;=if¾ wl=re w;r th fidhñ' th fkd;sfnk ;eka .ek m%Yak lrñ' ta fjkqfjka igka lrñ' 265

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

Tnf.a b,a,su mßÈ fuh ,shk nj ienú' kuq;a ta .ek ksrka;r fufkys lsßul isáfhñ' ieuodu fyd|u foa lrk fyd|u <Õu ñ;=rka msh;=uka meúÈ fidhqßhka jrola l< úg th jrola f,i ±l .kak Tng Yla;sh ,nd fokq i|yd ud fmks isáñ' yeuodu jrou lrk tjeks jerÈlrejkaf.a ksjerÈ foa ksjerÈ hehs mjikakg Tng yelshdj ,nd §u fjkqfjka fuh ,shñ' ls;=ir ud ksjerÈ lrmq ;eka fndfydah' ug myr ÿka ;eka fndfydah' ud yoj; is;sú,s fjkia l< ;eka fndfydah' ud ±kg;a m%Yak lrk ;eka fndfydah' tneúka th ud /l .ksñ' ls;=ir .ek wys;la is;kakg ud yg fkdyelssh' tfia is;=k úg ta .ek ud fidhñ' th ksjerÈ lrkakg is;ñ' Tnf.a mqj;amf;a bv fkd;snqKs o rdjfhka fyda bv ,ndf.k th lrkakg is;=fka ta ksid h' ud ta .ek Tnf.ka iudj fkdb,a,dñ' ta th udf.a hq;=lu yd j.lsu jk neúks' thg Tn mqj;amf;a bv ;sfnkafka kï uekú' ,smsh ;=< ;ekska ;ek iuyr isÿ ùï .ek i|yka l< o ish,a, isÿ ùulska follska ueksh fkdyels nj ud oksñ' kuqÿ tjeks isÿùï j,g wm olajk m%;spdrhka ;=< wm isákafka fld;ko hkak f;areï .eksu myiq lrjhs' tneúkau isÿùï wrnhd wmf.a m%;spdrh b;d jeo.;a h' ;SrKd;aulh' flfia fj;;a hq.fha Èjeisjr y~ ls;=ir fjkqfjka ;ju;a fmks isákakg ud fkdmels,s fjñ' fï ;ryla fkdj ±ä wdorhls' ksjerÈ jkq we;ehs ud is;ñ' ta fjkqfjka n,d fkdisg igka lrñ' Tnj /l .ksñ Tnf.a hym;a lghq;= id¾:l fõjd'''''''''' fmr lshq mßÈ ls;=ir kj;d oukakg jk fid÷ re Èkhla .ek wms weia werf.k isysk olsuq ta fjkqfjka fjfyiuq' 266

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

47 úisjir fjkqfjka ls;=irg m%Yak 20 la ls;=ir mqj;amf;a ixialdrl uyskao kdu,a iuÕ l< ixjdoh

01' ls;=ir wdrïN lf<a wehs@ iudc idOdrK;ajh" iudc iduh" yd iudc úuqla;sh idlaId;a lr .eksfï .ukg wod,j ls%ia;shdksfha úuqla;s yrh úfYaIfhka ls;=kq m%cdj w;r ixjdohg ,la lsßu uÕska iudc úuqla;sh Wfoid odhlùug' 02' ta ld¾hh lrkakg fjk;a m%ldYk j, bvla keoao@ ks, ls;=kq wdh;k yd iNdjkaf.a m%ldYk ;=< tjeks bvla we;a;gu ke' ls;=ir wdrïN lrk ld,h jk úg úl,am m%ldYkhla ;snqfk;a ke ls%ia;shdks lafIa;%h ;=<' 03' ks, iNdjkaf.a m%ldYk ;=< tjeks bvla ke lshk tl Tn fldfyduo iaÓrj lshkafka@ 267

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

tal Tng;a w;ayod n,kak mq¿jka' iNdjkaf.a ls%hdldß;ajh fyda iNd kdhl;ajfha jerÈ ls%hdud¾. fõpkh lrk ,smshla Tn tjeks m;a;rhlg ,shd n,kak' ta jf.au Tng mq¿jka tjeks m;a;rj, wka;¾.;h .ek mßlaIdlr n,kak túg Tng meyeÈ,sju i;Hh fmks hdú' 4 ls;=ir úl,am ls;=kq mqj;am;la f,i y÷kajkafka wehs@ th ks, iNdjka yd wdh;kj, wêm;s Okjdohg fjkia u;jdohla fjkqfjka fmks isák ksid yßhgu lsõfjd;a ks, wdh;k ls;= oyfï úuqla;s ±lau iÕjd mj;sk l%uhg mlaI jq jHdc ls;=kq ú{dkhla f.dvk.kjd' mj;ajd.kakjd' ls;=ir ta jHdc ú{dkhg úreoaOj iene ls;=kq úuqla;s ú{dkh u;= lsßug ls%hd lrkjd' ta ksid th úl,am ls;=kq mqj;am;la' fï nj wms m<uq l;= jelsfha fufia i|yka lrkjd' —Yla;sh" yelshdj" n,h we;s wh ;ukaf.a woyfia yeáhg ls%hd;aul lrk m%ldY lrk foa iuia; ls;=kq ck;djf.a woyi f,i f,dalhg oDIHudk fjñka mj;s' fï ksid fndfyda fofkl=f.a y~ hgm;a ù we;' tlu msßila ;u weiska rg ck;dj iNdj wdÈ ish,a, foi n,d th ish¨ fokdf.a ±lau njg m;a lsßug W;aiy .ksñka isá' ta ksid ls;=ir y~ ke;s ñksiqkag lg y~lao Ôú;h yd f,dalh olskakg weilao jkq we;'˜ 5 wehs wd.ñl oDIaáfhka hq;= mqj;am;la mgka .;af;a" Tn lshk iudc úuqla;sh fmdÿ wruqKlafka@ tal we;a; úuqla;sh fmdÿ úYaj O¾u;djhla' talg wd.ñl cd;sl jd¾.sl fnÈï ke' kuq;a ,xldj .;af;d;a ^fjk;a fndfyda rgj,a o& iudc úuqla;sh lshk fmdÿ wruqKska ñksiqkaj bj;g weo,d od,d ñksiqka ;=< md,lhskag wjYH jHdc ú{dkh f.dvk.kafka m%Odk jYfhka wd.u cd;sh jeks foa uq,a lrf.k' 268

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

,xldj wd.ñl iudchla' wd.ñl jHdc ú{dkh ;=< isák ñksidj t;ekska uqojd .eksu w;a fkdyeßh hq;= jev ìula' ls;=kq m%cdj wd.ñl u;jdoh ;=<skau ;uhs iene iudc m%Yak j,ska wE;alr ;nkafka' b;sx ta m%cdj fj; iene ú{dkh f.khdug ls;=kq mqj;am;la wjeis njhs wms ys;kafka' fmdÿ ñksidj wjÈlrk m%hka;h iuÕ wfma m%hka;h neÈ ;sfnkjd' fuh ta fmdÿ m%hka;h uÕ yeßula fkfjhs th Yla;su;a lsßula' wfma m<uq l;=jelsfha fufyu lshkjd' —isÿúh hq;a; wrUhd ls;=kq ck;dj w;r fndfyda lafIa;%j, yrj;a ixjdohla isÿ fkdjk jljdkqjkqlhs' wms Ôj;ajkafka˜ ta ixjdoh ls;=kq m%cdj ;=< ls;=kq weiska n,d weú, ùuhs wfma wruqK jqfka 06' iudc iduh" iudc úuqla;sh lshk wruqK m;a;rhlska bgqlr.; yels tlla fkfjhsfka@ m;a;rhlg úma,jh lrkak mq¿jkao lsh,fka Tn wykafka'' fufyuhs iudc iduh iudc úuqla;sh lshkafka iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,;uh jYfhka fukau wOHd;añljo isÿjk iuia; fjkila' fjkila we;s lsßug odhl jk u;jdohla ks¾udKh lsßu i|yd m;a;rhlg l< yels ld¾hNdrhla ;sfnkjd' fjkila we;s lsßug uQ,sl jk ñksiqka ìys lr .eksug th jeo.;a' m;a;rhla fjkila we;s lsßfï ls%hdj,shg hï odhl;ajhla l< yels fuj,ula' 07' ls;=ir iNdjka úfõpkh lrk mqj;am;la f,ihs we;eï wh y÷kajkafka ls;=ir wd.ug úreoaO m;a;rhlao @ wms O¾uhg mlaIhs' wd.u O¾uhg úreoaOkï iNdjka O¾uhg úreoaO kï Tjqkag ls;=ir Tjqkag úreoaO m;a;rhla 269

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

f,i wksjd¾fhkau fmkS hd hq;=hs' ls;= oyfï uQ,sl fohla ;uhs mYapd;a;dmh' ;ud lrk jerÈ ms<s.eksu' ls;=kqjka ÈjH mQcdfõÈ m%isoaêfha WÉpdrKh lrkjd ;ud mõ l< nj' ta jf.au <hg .id .ksñka lshkjd — ta uf.a jrÈkah˜ —uf.a jrÈkah˜ —udf.a uy;a jrÈkah˜ lsh,d' ienE f,i ta iïm%odh wkq.ukh lrk whl=g lshkak nEfka jerÈ .ek l;d lsßu jrola lsh,d' wfma wruqK iNdjka" úfõpkh fkfjhs' yenehs iene úuqla;s l;sldjlÈ iNdjka wd.ñl ixia:d ms<sn| úfõpkh" úpdrh uÕ yßkak nE' ls%ia;=ia jykafiaf.a b.ekaùï .;a;u tod meje;s wd.ñl ixia:d ks¾oh f,i úfõpkhg Ndckh lrkjd' m%Yakh weish hq;af;a ls;=ir ,shk foa foúhkag i;Hhg hqla;shg úreoaO o hkqfjkqhs' ls;=ir iNd úfrdaê wd.ï úfrdaê mqj;am;la hkak m%pdrh lf<a mQclhska yd wd.ñl ixia:d úiska idudkHfhka mqj;am;lska jf.a udOHhlska fkdjrÈk iq¿h' m%Yak fkdl< hq;=hs jeks we;eï lrKq úfõpkh lsßu isÿ fkdjk ld,hl ls;=ir ta foa;a lsßu ksid uq,a hq.fha È we;eï mdGlhkag;a tfia fmks hkak mq¿jka" yenehs tfia fmks hkafkau Tjqka hï whqrlska jHdc ú{dkhg yiq ù ;sfnk ksihs' úfõpkh lshkafka krl fohla fkfjhs' úfõpkfhka f;drj ksjrÈùula kE' úfõpkhg nh ksjerÈ ùug wlue;s wh' 8 ls;=if¾ úfõpkh Okd;aul f.dvk.k úfõpkhla fkfjhs' iDKd;aul lvd ì| ouk úfõpkhla talhs .eg¿j lsh,hs iuyr mQcljreka lshkafka@ fufyuhs" Th zOkd;aulZ —f.dvk.k˜ jeks jpk Ndú;d lrkafka fudk w¾:fhkao lshk foa wms fidhd ne,sh 270

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

hq;=hs' tajd O¾uh ;=<ska mek ke.=kq tajd fkfjhs' mj;sk l%uh wdrlaId lr .eksug wod, Ok Ñka;kfhka u;= lrkq ,enq tajd' foúhka fcrñhd Èjeisjrhdg lshkjd — Wÿrkakg yd lvd oukakg;a ke;s lrkakg yd fy<d olskakg;a f.dvk. kakg yd ysgqjkak;a uu kqUg n,h foñ˜ lsh,d' fÊiq ;=uka úkhOrhka" mßisjreka .ek l< úfõpk ^n,kak uf;õ 23$1-38 & Okd;aulo@ iDKd;aulo @ f.dvk.k iq¿o@ lvd ì| ouk iq¿o@ meyeÈ,sj úfõpkh u.ska whqla;sh widOdrKh wi;H lvd ì| ±ñh hq;=hs' hqla;sh" hq;=lu f.dvke.sh hq;=h' fÊiqka jykafia lf<a f.dvk.k úfõpkhla kï wehs t;=ukaj tod isá wd.ñl ixia:dj yd foaYmd,k ixia:dj weK .eiqfõ' meyeÈ,sj úfõpkh f.dvk.k úfõpkhla úh hq;=hs' yenehs ta mj;sk jerÈ rdcHh yd wdh;k rgd fkfjhs' fm%aufha idufha rdcHh' 9 ' ls;=if¾ u;jdoh foaYmd,ksl njhs we;euqka mjikafka @ tfyu kï wmsg i;=gqhs' jeroao ;shkafka ls;=ir wdfoaYmd,kslhs lsõfjd;afka' 10' Tjqka lshkafka ls;=ir wd.ñl uqyqKqjrlska foaYmd,kh lrkjd lsh,hs' ls;=ir ls;=oyu fkfjhs' udlaiajdoh .ekhs l:d lrkafka lsh,d' ±kqhs Tn yßhg m%Yakh weyqfõ' tal kï meyeÈ,s lrkak kï Tfí m%Yakfha fldgia folla ;sfnkjd' tal udlaiajdoh .ek''' fu;kÈ ug u;la fjkafka fvdñ fy,av 271

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

ludrd ro.=re ;=udf.a lshukla' —Tjqka uu ÿmam;=kag Woõ lroaÈ Tjqka ug idka;=jrfhlshs lshkjd' kuq;a uu ÿmam;=ka ÿmam;a jqfka wehs lsh,d weyeõju Tjqka uu udlaiajdofhlehs lshkjd˜ fu;khs m%Yakh ;sfnkafka' mj;sk ls%ia;shdksh nhsn,fha uQ,slu yrhka wu;l lr,d iqn idOkh .ek ú;rla l:d lrkjd' ta foaj rdcHhg msgqmd mj;sk rdcH wdrlaId lrkak' kuq;a nhsn,fha uQ,slju yrh ;uhs wehs ÿl we;sjqfka@ wehs mdmh we;sjqfka@ lshk tal' Bkshd ls%ia;shdkska uÕ yßk ,o ta m%Yakh miq lf,l m%n,j u;= lf<a udlaiajdoska' b;sx ±ka nhsn,fha uQ,sl yrhg wod, ta m%Yakh wyk whu Bkshd ls%ia;shdkska udlaiajdÈka f,i y÷kajkjd' idOdrK iudch f.dvke.sfï ls%ia;= fufyjr ls%ia;shdkska 3 jk ishjiska miq w;a yer,d widOdrK iudc l%uh mj;ajd .kakg Wmldr lrkjd' tfia lsßu ls%ia;shdksh f,i w¾: olaj,d fÊiq ;=udj úlD;s lrkjd' Bg miafia ta fufyjr .ek l:d lrk udlaiajdÈkaj i;=rka f,i i,lkjd' fÊiq ;=udf.a b.ekaùu wkqj kï ls%ia;shdksfha i;=rka úh hq;af;a OkjdÈka" ls%ia;=ia jykafia lsõfõ Okhghs foúhkaghs tlúg fiajl l< fkdyels njhs' ±ka ls%ia;=iajykafia l:d l< foa l:d lrk whj;a udlaiajdÈka f,i y÷kajkjd' fïl nrm;, úlD;shla' 11' fyd|hs ls;=ir wd.ñl uqyqKqjrlska foaYmd,kh lrkjd lshk foa .ek l:d lf<d;a @ uu uq,skau Tng lsõjd foaYmd,ksl fkdjk lsisjla Od¾ñl fjkafka kE' foaYmd,kh ck;djf.a Ôú;h ;SrKh lrk iudchl Ôú;fha úuqla;sh .ek flfrk iene l:d nylau ls%hdjlau foaYmd,kslhs' foaYmd,ksl fkdjk foaj,a ;sfnkjd kï ta foaj,a ish,a, Ôú;fha .e<ùu uÕ yermq foaj,a 272

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

±ka Th fpdaokdj ls;=irg lrk wd.ñl kdhlhska lrkafka l=ulao @ ck;djf.a .e,ùu úkdY lrk mj;sk foaYmd,khg uqlal= .eisu" ish¨ wd.ñl ixia:d b;sydih mqrdu lr,d ;sfnkafka ±kq;a lrkafka foaYmd,kh' foaYmd,kfhka úhqla; lsisjla j;auka iudch ;=< kE' O¾uh uq¿ukskau foaYmd,kslhs' ta ksid Th fpdaokdj lsisÿ mokula ke;s fpdaokdjla' fÊiq ;=uka lf<a —isi¾ iajdñhd˜ lshk foaYmd,k u;jdoh iïmq¾Kfhkau lkmsg yerùu' 12' ls;=ir úuqla;s foaj O¾uh ú;rla l;d lrkjd lsh,d fpdaokdjla ;sfnkjd@ —úuqla;sh˜ ke;s foaj O¾uhla nhsn,fha ;sfnkjdo @ úuqla;s foaj O¾uh fkdjk foaj O¾uhla ;sfnkafk ne' ;sfnkjd kï th iene foaj O¾uh fkfjhs' th id;kaf.a O¾uh' Th m%Yakh u;= jkafka idïm%odhslj meje; tk foaj O¾u wOHdmkh ksid' ta foaj O¾uh wOHdmkhg wkqj úuqla;s foaj O¾uh lshkafka tl úIh fldgila' wmsg foaj O¾uh lshkafka úIh fldgila fkfjhs' foaj O¾uh úuqla;sodhlhs' úuqla;sodhl fkdjk foaj O¾uhla kE' 13 Tjqka ta m%Yakfhka woyia lrkafka iqjh" hdÉ[dj" ckjkaokdj jeks foa .ek ls;=ir l;d fkdlrk njhs' hdÉ[dj" iqjh" ck jkaokdj ta ish,a, mj;skafka —.e,ùu˜ —úuqla;sh˜ lshk foa ;=<hs' thska f;drj ta foaj,a ;sfnkjd kï tajd tla w¾: Y=kHhs úkdYldßhs' hdÉ[dj lshkafka ðú;fha tla fohla fkfjhsfka' Ôú;hu hdÉ[djla úh hq;=hs fka' ls;=ir m<uq l,dmfha m%Odk ,smshla ;snqfka hdÉ[dj .ek —Ôj;a fkdlrk wfma heÿï foúhkag kEfia˜ 273

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

wms ðj;a lrkafka hdÉ[d lrk foa fkfjhs kï wms hdÉ[d lrkafka Ôj;ajk foa fkfjhs kï t;ek hdÉ[djla kE' ckjkaokdj .ek lshkakg ;sfnkafk;a ta áluhs' ls;=ir ckjkaokdfõ fndfyda heÿï Ndjkd" mdokuialdr Y=oaO jq meh" m%d¾:kd" úuqla;sodhl f,i .e,ùu odhl f,i meje;aùug úYd, odhl;ajhla lr ;sfnkjd' foúhka fcrñhd Èjeisjrhd ;=<ska fufia mjikjd' kqU,df. ksula ke;s mQcdj,ska ug jevla weoao@ Th ksIaM, mqcd ;j;a fkdf.fkkak ÿï cQcd ug bjish fkdyelsh' wudjla W;aijo" in;a W;aijo" wd.ñl /iaùïo ug ßis ke;' kqU,df.a mdm j,ska tajd ¥IKh ú we;' kqU,df.a W;aij yd jkaokd .uka uf.a yo m;af,ka fy,d olsñ'˜ ls;=ir hdÉ[dj ckjkaokdj .ek l:d lrkafka kE fkfjhs' ksjerÈ hdÉ[djla yd ckjkaokdjla fjkqfjka fmks isákjd' hdÉ[dfõ ckjkaokdfõ wjidk wruqK —.e,ùu˜ — úuqla;sh˜ 14 ls;=ir úuqla;sh .ek l:d lrkjd iqn idOkh ohdfõ fiajd fkdi,ld yßkjd' iqj fufyhla neyer lrkjd lsh,hs lshkafka@ Tng uu werhqï lrkjd' ls;=ir fï olajd l,dm lshj,d ta foa fmkajd fokak lsh,d' iqj fufyhka lshkafka iqn idOl ls%hd lshkafk;a fÊiq ;=ukaf.a ðú;fha ;sìÉp hï hï .=Kdx. u; f.dvke.=kq foaj,a" ckjkaokdj .ek lsõjd jf.au fï foaj,a ish,a,ka .e,ùu tlal iïnkaOhs' wms fÊiqf.a fufyjr iuia;hla f,i .; hq;=hs' fÊiq yqÿ iqj lrkafkla jqfka ke' tfyu jqkd kï mßisjre ms,d;a fyfrdoa fÊiqg biamsß;d,hla yß wdY%uhla yß yo,d fokjd' tod isá Okj;=ka oyia .kkska wdOdr lrkjd' fÊiq lf<a iqn idOkh muKla kï ta;a by; ls wdldrfha m%;spdrhla ;uhs ,efnkafka' fÊiq l=reisfha weK .ikafka 274

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

kE' fÊiq iqjh odkh l,d' ñksiqkag iuyr ;ekaj,È lkak fndkak ÿkakd' ta ish,a, tlalu Wkajykafia uQ,sl yd m%Odk jYfhka ck;djf.a .e,ùu úuqla;sh i|yd ls%hd l<d' tod meje;s wd¾Ól foaYmd,k wd.ñl hk ish¨ lafI;%j, meje;s wëm;s u;jdohg tfrysj l:d l<d" ls%hd l<d' ta ksihs Wkajykafiag weK .eiqfõ' wo fndfyda fokd iqjh iqN idOkh muKla W;al¾Ihg kxjd .e,ùu úuqla;sh l:d fkdlrk ksid ta .ek l;d lrk ls;=ir g Tn lshk f,an,h ta whu w,jkjd' wms lshkafka iuia; fÊiqju ie,ls,a,g .kak lsh,hs' tysÈ fndfyda fokd wu;l lrk uQ,sl foa wms wjOdrKh lrkjd' iqn idOkh lrk wh" iqjh odkh lrk wh úuqla;sh .e,ùu i|yd igka lrk whf.a ls%hdjka ls%ia;= ¥;ld¾hla nj ms<s.; hq;=hs' m%Yakh ;sfnkafka tlla muKla wjOdrKh lsßu yd wkslajd fy,d±lsu ;=<hs' úuqla;s wr.,h yd iïnkaO fkdjk iqjh yd iqnidOkh kï jxpdjla' 15 ls;=irg úfoaYdOdr rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, wdOdr ,efnkjd lshk tl we;a;lao@ úfoaYdOdr .eksu jrolao@ rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, wdOdr .eksu jrolao@ Tn Th m%Yakh wykafka úfoaY Kh wdOdr yd rdcH fkdjk tlai;a ;r ixúOdk j, wdOdr jeä mqru .kak .uka Bkshd cd;sjdoh ;yjqre lsßug tka' ð' ´ úfrdaOh ck ukig f.kd cd;sjdÈ wdKavqfõ yd m;a;r j,ska jemsre u;h ;=< msysgd kï uq,skau ta u;jdoh .ek hula lsj hq;=hs' rcfha wdh;k yereKq úg wks;a ieu wdh;khla u rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla' t;fldg rdcH fkdj ixúOdk fkd;sìh hq;=hs lSfjd;a taflka woyia lrkafka rcfha wdh;k muKla ;sìh hq;=hs lshk tlfka' tfyu rgla" f,dalhla mj;skafka kEfka' 275

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ;sfnkjd' foj¾.hla tlla meyeÈ,sj m%;s.dñ c;Hdka;r jqjukd bgqlrk ÿIag wruqKq ;sfnk NGO fojekak m%.;sYS,s wruqKq ;sfnk NGO wfma woyi fojkafka iyh ,nd .; hq;= njhss' wm;a m<uqjekakg úreoaOhs' úfoaYdOdr;a tfyuhs' rcfha NGO úfrdaOhg lsisu iodpdrd;aul mokula ke' ta jf.au mj;sk rdcHh yd rdcH wdh;k ck;d fma%ñhs fyda fyd|hs lshkak mq¿jkao @ rdcHhg f.dvke.s ;sfnkafka yd rdcH lrk wdKavq ls%hdlrkafka ÿ.s ckhd ;,d fm,k f.da,sh l%uh mj;ajd.kakhs' ls;=ir mqj;am; fuf;la úfoaYdOdr fyda rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, wdOdr j,ska uqøKh lr,d ke' ls;=ir ñksiqkag úfoaYslfha yd iajfoaYslfhda f,i y÷kd.;af;a ke' iajfoaYslfhda jq muKska hym;a úfoaYslfhda jq muKska wdhym;a f,i is;kafka kE' ls;=irg wkqj ñksiqka j¾. folhs' hym;g we¿ï lrk ñksiqka hym; fjkqjg whym; f.dvk.k ñksiqka' wdf,dalhg we¿ï lrkjqkaf.a wdOdrh tlsfkldg f,dal mßudKjg ,eìh hq;=hs' ,nd.; hq;=hs lshk tlhs ls;=if¾ ia:djrh' 16 ls;=ir cd;sl m%YakfhaÈ iunr ke' fou, cd;shg jeä nrla ;nkjd' iuyrekag wkqj ls;=ir foaYfødays' t,a' á' á' B' hg lfâ hkjd' fï .ek fudlo lshkafka@ wiudk;djh we;s ;ekl iudkj ie,lsu ;rï whqla;shla ;j;a kE' lshk tlhs ls;=if¾ u;h' i;H fyda hqla;sh hkq nyq;rfha u;h lshk tl ls;=ir ms<s.kafka kE' Okm;ska lshk m%cd;ka;%jdoh m%cd;ka;%jdoh lsh,;a ls;=ir ms<s.kafka kE' uqia,sï tlaflfkl=hs isxy, y;r fofkl=hs .ukla hkjd lshuqflda' miafokd oj,ag lEu lkak lvhlg hkjd' nyq;rfha u;h wkqj W!reuia lEu wekjqï lf,d;a tal 276

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

nyq;rfha u;h jqk;a ksjrÈ ke' y;r fofkla w;r mdka f.ähla fnokjd lsh,d ys;uq' iudk fldgia y;rlg fnÈu idOdrK fjkafka y;r fokdu iudk ;;ajfha bkakjd kï ;=kafofkla fyd|g nv msfrkak ld,d tla wfhla fõ,a fol ;=klska ld,d ke;akï thdg jeä fldgila ysñ ùuhs idOdrKh' isxy, weiska muKla n,k udOH nyq;rh w;f¾" fou, ckhdf.a y~g b;d iq¿ bvla ,ndfok udOH w;f¾ wms álla jeä bvla fou< ck yo.eiau jd¾;d lrkak ,ndfokjd ;uhs' talhs ls%ia;shdksh lsh,d wms úYajdi lrkjd' fou< ckhd .ek l:d lsßug ú;rla fkfjhs' rdcmlaI rcfha jrola úfõpkh lsßug;a foaYfødays " t,a"á"à"B" ys;jdÈ f,an, w,jk miqìul ta f,an,aj, .; hq;a;la ke' mSä; fou< ifydaor ifydaoßhka fjkqfjka wfma y~ kexùu t,a' á' á' B' hg lfâ hdula f,i fmkshdu wfma jrola fkdfjhs' tfia olsk whf.a wefia jrola' 17 ls;=ir iNdfõ jdrKhg ,lajqkdo@ wmsj ks, jYfhka jdrKhlg ,lalrkak iNdjkag nEfka' yenehs fkdks, jdrKhla ;snqKd' ;sfnkjd' wms ls;=ir lf;da,sl fmd;ay,g odkak b,a¨ï l<du uq,a ld,fhaÈu talg bv ÿkafka ke' we;eï mQcljre ls;=ir ñ,È fkd.kakd f,i m,a,sj, foaYkd l<d' ls;=ir ls%hdldrlï j,g jeglvq¿ nekaod' .,a .eiafiõjd' ls;=irg iïnkaO msßia yd th lshjk msßia j oyï mdif,a b.ekaùfuka" iñ;s ixúOdkj,ska bj;a l<d' fmd,sishg is whs ä tlg mdjd ÿkakd' óiï iNdj,ska bj;a l<d' mQcljrh §fuka je,ls isáhd' foõi;ay,aj,ska whska l<d' uqo,a È yS,E lrkak yeÿjd' urK ;¾ck t,a, l<d' myr ÿkakd' ìh .ekajqjd' /lshd j,ska bj;a lsßug n,mEï l<d' mQcljrh 277

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

;ykï l<d' /lshd ,nd §fïÈ m%;slafIam l<d' kvq mjrk njg tka;r jdis lsõjd' wN+; fpdaokd m;=rejd yeßhd' m;a;r ñ,È f.k msÉpqjd' we;eï by< fmf<a iNd ks<Odßka .EKSfhla tlal iïnkaOhla ;snqK;a ls;=ir tlal iïnkaO fjkak tmd lsh,d kjl mQcljrekag lsh,d ;snqKd' 18 ls;=ir u;jdoh uq,a hq.hg jvd fjkia fj,d¨' tal we;a;lao@ fjkia ùu ;uhs fjkia fkdjk tlu foa' uq,a hq.fha wms jeä nrla iNdjka wdYs%; wd.ñl ixialD;sl foaj,a j,g ;enqjd' wo wms ta yeu fohlu foaYmd,skl me;a; .ek jeä nrlska l:d lrkjd' fÊiq ;=ukaj ksis mßÈ f;areï .kak jf.au ls;= oyu yd wka ieu oyulau ksis mßÈ f;areï .kak mq¿jka" Bg miqìï jq iudc wd¾Òl foaYmd,k miq ìu iuÕhs' wo O¾uhkaf.a mKsjqv úlD;s kE' ls;=ir tlal iïnkaO mjq,aj, whg mjd we;eï flfKyss,slï isÿ l<d' fï jf.a úYd, ÿIalr;d rdYshlg ls;=ir uqyqK ÿkakd' uqyqK fokjd' 19 ls;=ir ckms%h mqj;am;la fkdjkafka wehs@ ckmS%h fkdùu ;uhs wfma wkkH;djh' ls;=if¾ u;h w,ú l< yels tlla fkfjhs' fyda .d, wf,ú lrk mqj;am;la lsßu wfma wruqK fkdfjhs' wmsg jeo.;a jkafka wms m<lrk foaj,g we;s w,ú jákdlu fyda ckm%sh nj fkfjhs' tys we;s Ñka;kuh jákdlu' l%ufha fjkila i|yd th Wmldß jk wdldrh' ls;=ir u;jdoh ckms%h fkdúug n,mdk m%Odk fya;=jla ;uhs mj;sk rdcHfha iNdjkaf.a wëm;su;jdoh wd¾Ól Yla;sh ;=,ska mj;sk udOHo fhdod.ksñka m%n,j ck;djg ta;a;= .ekaùu' ñksiaiq iqjyila m%Yak .eg¿ ;=, ;u meje;au i|yd wëm;sjdoh iuÕ .uka lsßu' kuq;a ckms%h foag l< fkdyels idOksh fjkiaúï ksjerÈ foag 278

ls;=ir 20 jir Èjeisjr ieß iereu

l< yelshs' fndfyda fofkl=g l< fkdyels foa ksjerÈj ls%hd lrk ál fofkl=g l< yelsh' 20 úis jirl .uk .ek wdmiq yeß n,oaÈ we;sjk yeÕsu l=ulo@ wysxil i;=gla' ta i;=g whs;srefjda fndfydhs' wo ls;=ir iuÕ Wfrkqr .eá jev fkdlrk we;eï úg u;jdÈ lreKq ksid fyda fm!oa.,sl fyda m%dfhda.sl fya;= u; we;ajq fndfyda fofkla ta i;=fÜ mx.=lrejka ;du;a ls;=ir iuÕ iïnkaO wjqreÿ wiqfõ" ye;a;emfya uõ mshjre mjd isákjd' oyäh" Y%uh" ñ, uqo," ;u ;dreKHh" Ôú;h ls;=ir i|yd jeh l< ish¿ fokd flfrys yDodhdx.u Nla;shla wm ;=< ±,afjkjd' úisjir úfYaI l,dmhg jokla óg úisjirlg fmr ls;=ir ux., l,dmfha l;= jelsh ;=< wms fufia igyka lf<uq' —;j;a ls;=kq m;a;rhla æ ta fudlgo@ ld,fha foaYfha i<l=Kq j,ska l;d lrk iñÿka ;=< ;j;a fudlla fyda m%ldYkhla fkdj hq.fha Èjeisjr ld¾hhg idlaIs ork m%ldYkhl wjYH;djh u;hs ls;=ir t<s olskqfha' yels Wmßufhka ta Èjeisjr iïm%odhg idlaIs orkakg wms lem jkafkuq˜ @ bÈka thska úis jirlg miq ls;=ir tod ÿka m%;s{dj bgq l< wdldrh foi wdmiq yeß ne,sfïÈ úis jir l,dmh ls;=ir .ek fukau ls;=kq mqj;am;a udOH Ndú;h fukau fï rfÜ ls;=kq Ndú;h .ek mq¿,a woyia ±laùug fõÈldjla jk fia t<s ±laùug wms woyia lf<uq' tls ixj;air l,dmh i|yd ,shkakehs wms újD;jo fm!oa.,slog werhqï lf,uq' wfma werhqïg ,o m%;spdr fuu 279

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l,dmh ;=< bvlv we;s mßÈ uqøs; wl=re njg m;a j ;fí' ta yerekq úg ls;=ir .ek f;dr;=re we;=,;a ,sms lSmhlao fuys we;=,;ah' ,dxlsh ls;=kq b;sydifha uÕ fkdyeßh yels úl,am Ndú;djl j.;=. wkd.;fhaÈ fidhd úuid n,k ldyg jqjo fuu ixj;air l,dmh jeo.;a fõ hehs wms is;uq' Bg odhl jq ieug wfma ia;+;sh msßkuk w;r Tfí m%;spdro n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq'

280