pop! goes t h e
s t ad i u m
portfolio by: beverley, caleb, and kevin
1.
part one abstract, research, and concept
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part one
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what is a mega-event?
ega-events are typically one-time occasions of a fixed duration that attract large crowds of visitors and have a global reach. What were once primarily sports events or exhibitions have become major urban events that facilitate largescale urban transformations.
M
mega-event syndrome
group of symptoms that occur together and affect mega-event planning, such as overpromising benefits, underestimating costs, rewriting urban planning priorities to fit the event, using public resources for private interest, and suspending the regular rule of law.
A
post olympic hangover
T
he main challenge that plagues the Olympic movement is the aftermath of the games in each host city. Certain trends begin to emerge in the post-Olympic hangover of the city, such as the decaying infrastructures and the sociological and economic pressures the games tend to create.
architecture as a catalyst
A
pproaching the Olympic bid from the angle in which architecture and urban infrastructures act as catalysts rather than permanent solutions offers more exciting possibilities for what the Olympics can be for cities. Transformed within the months following the mega-event, structures could be designed with specific functions in mind and re-appropriated by future generations.
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1 overpromising of benefits
mismatch between the expected and the actual benefits of a megaevent.
5
2 mega-events overrun their planned budget
mega-event syndrome
underestimation of costs
suspension of regular rule of law in areas such as taxation, immigration, property rights, urban planning, and freedom of speech
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3 event take-over
event priorities often displace long-term urban development priorities with urban development becoming the instrument for the event.
4 public takes risks for private benefits
elite capture
inequitable distribution of resources with planning priviledging real estate interests, global corporations, and the political elites
7 public risk-taking
mega-event syndrome
M
rule of exception
ega-events, such as the olympic games have become extremely complex and transforming undertakings for host countries over the last few decades. These events are planned in ways that often create adverse effects for cities and its residents. This diagram identifies a set of seven major symptoms of mega-events and its consequences. These symptoms share many consequences, and as such, have been labelled according to the symptoms and have been grouped into three categories: economic, social and political impact. Together, these symptoms turn mega-events into obstacles to urban development. It is clear from the research that mega-event syndrome often results in oversized and expensive infrastructure that the public is forced into paying and an uneven distribution of resources allocated to things the public will not use or do not need.
mega-events become seemingly quick fixes to fast-track major urban development projects
event fix
economic
social
1
1
2
misallocation of resources
profiteering
3
4
4
2
subpar construction quality
2 3
budget shortfalls
3
wasting resources as lever for urban development
7
5
3 6
political
loss of trust with citizenry
oversized and unfinished infrastructure
public funds for limited or no public benefits
limited public participation
spatially uneven landscpae
3
5 6
7
7
providing disadvantaged communities access to resources
mitigating the effects of natural disasters
bridging between all parties (citizens, gov & businesses)
bypassing regular planning processes
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45
40
50
2004 athens
35
$13.800 B
30
2002 sydney
25
2006 torino $2.500 B 2002 utah $15.250 B winter
$6.926 B
20
1996 atlanta
15
$3.576 B
10
1992 barcelona
5
$16.409 B
0
1988 seoul
billions ($)
$6.503 B
summer
1998 nagano 50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
5
10
0
billions ($)
costs of hosting the olympics
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$51.000 B
2014 sochi
$7.556 B
$4.350 B
2010 vancouver
here has been a clear decline in communities willing to host these mega-events due to the trends laid out by recent mega-events that provided limited benefits but were marked by astronomical costs exceeding tens of billions, such as the 2014 World Cup in Brazil and the 2014 Sochi Olympic Games. This chart explores the financial impact of the Olympic games on its host cities. There are clear trends between the summer and winter olympics, with the costs of the summer olympics often exceeding the winter games, except in the case of Sochi in 2014. This chart also visually shows the use of the olympic stadiums during the games versus the often derelict and haunting state of these venues post olympics through a series of images.
2016 rio
$11.100 B
2012 london
$11.401 B
2008 beijing
$45.000 B
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100 %
90 %
70 %
60 %
visitor footprint
80 %
50 %
ts
ns
co
iz
e
w ne
40 %
on
ev en
cti
tru
30 %
long-te
20 %
public
10 %
rm via bilit
y
soc
ge t
bal
anc
ial
rule
bud
fin
an
cia
e
e sur
o xp le
saf
ety
val appro
of la w
most sustainable, salt lake city 2002 $2.500 billion
20
40
60
80
10
0%
overall mean
80
10
0%
least sustainable, sochi 2014 $51.000 billion
60
sustainability model 40
me 20
an
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he olympics have claimed to be leaders in sustainability for mega-events and aim to inspire sustainable futures of cities around the world. The IOC constantly reiterate their sustainable strategies and “spheres of responsibility,” yet the games often unsustainable. This model, developed by Martin Muller, called “an evaluation of the sustainability of the Olympic Games” develops and applies a model with 9 indicators to evaluate the sustainability of different editions of the summer and winter olympic games, and have been categories in terms of its ecological, social, and economic dimensions. By applying this model, we can visualise how sustainable these games are and begin to understand the ways in which these indicators may be used in the implementation and consideration of designing an olympic venue.
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1 Vancouver used the winter games as a catalyst to create a number of lasting legacy plans. Richmond Olympic Oval is one of many arenas that had been transformed and adapted into community and sporting facilities.
richmond olympic oval
2
opera house
Utzon designed a building that would become an internationally recognised symbol of Australia. The building’s significance is demonstrated by its unparalleled and seminal design, where spherical geometry were used to derive the final form of the shells.
3 Elemental designed lowcost, social and emergency dwellings which can be finished, extended and developed by their inhabitants, such as adding verandas, additional rooms, personalising the sparse dwellings.
aquatics center
4 UTS business school
architecture as a catalyst
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aha Hadid designed the aquatics centre for the London 2012 games to be flexible enough to accommodate 17,500 spectators while also providing spectator capacity of 2000 for use after the games. These four built examples showcases the ways in which architecture can transform and act as catalysts to shape the legacy of olympic venues and create a lasting positive impact on the greater Brisbane region. Architecture can be adaptive and have many functional uses, its character and quality can transform and evolve with the city, it can be built to maximise the use of spaces throughout all stages of design and construction and provide new opportunities to support building innovation. This matrix explores how these four examples have shared impacts, economic, social, and political.
Gehry’s signature unconventional and wavy look created interesting masonry challenges and sparked new innovations and industries within NSW.
economic
1 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 4
2 3
2
multi-purpose buildings that serve several functions
new local industries, businesses & jobs created
encouraging an increase in visitor spending
opens possibilities for mass production & prefabrication gives economic opportunity to the less privileged
social
1 2 3 1
1 2 4
2
political
encourage more public participation and engagement
re-use of facilities for local community
transformation of the city into a bustling metropolis
international recognition & important cultural landmark
2 3 4
better connection & interplay with surrounding context
2 3
provides welcoming public space
3
3
1 2 3 4
providing disadvantaged communities access to resources
mitigating the effects of natural disasters
bridging between all parties (citizens, gov & businesses)
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ADAPTIBILITY
LEGACY AND STAGING
Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all age
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Reduce inequality within and among countries
legacy and staging
adaptive program Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
URBAN RENEWAL
INNOVATION
Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all age
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
urban renewal
innovation Reduce inequality within and among countries
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Horeis ca coendium furissis. Ret ala L. Factum atus, vit; ina, dem di, sultil uropoerent, sidem ses, ora vivest fortandam in sus nost L. Res, sescivi ticercerfex nonsula nerum etrorunum hae tium omnihil halaribusa aus, quam det iampopt erumei sentrav oluteme rfena, ne perum, qua L. Vivide cio, nonium privem modi publiumunum Palisse nihiconsigit que imilicis
the four frameworks
hese explorations have been moulded into four distinct frameworks: legacy and staging, adaptive program, urban renewal, and innovation. These frameworks have been explored and implemented into the design of this olympic arena. It is an architecture that can be used throughout all stages of construction and be re-appropriated for future generations, adapted into multiple programs and functional uses, provide much needed development of the city’s urban infrastructure and be a catalyst for innovation and technological advancements.
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ADAPTIBILITY
legacy and staging
legacy and staging
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A
his framework addresses how the games can provide a benchmark for Queensland and the rest of Australia in supporting long term sustainability objectives. By maximising the use of infrastructure at different stages of construction, the games will promote sustainable economic growth and create sustained, inclusive cities with resilient infrastructure.
daptive functions and reuse of spaces within and around the site will promote inclusivity and sustainable industrialisation. It will revitalise the local residents, improve the general safety of the surrounding communities, and better support Brisbane’s long term sustainable development goals.
Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all age
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Reduce inequality within and among countries
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
urban renewal
innovation
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B
hrough building a more resilient infrastructure that promotes sustainable consumption, energy efficiency policies and production patterns, this will help transform Brisbane into a bustling and resilient metropolis.
y finding solutions and improvements to building materials and construction, this will create healthier, cost-efficient and climate friendly places. Fostering innovation will ensure access to reliable, sustainable and modern energy, while also promoting sustainable economic growth and productive employment for many.
INNOVATION
Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all age
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Reduce inequality within and among countries
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
urissis. us, vit; ina, dem di, sultil uropoerent, sidem ses, ora vivest L. Res, sescivi ticercerfex nonsula nerum etrorunum hae tium s, quam det iampopt erumei sentrav oluteme rfena, ne perum, um privem modi publiumunum Palisse nihiconsigit que imilicis
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concept of transformation
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ur layered and thoughtfully developed strategy aims to address these ideas through the concept of transformation. Transformation is heavily interwoven with legacy planning — the concept that buildings can help solve current demands but also be built with an awareness of, and ambition for re-appropriation by, future generations. By introducing a more incremental approach to our design, the spaces within and surrounding the building can be creatively and deliberately used throughout all stages: pre-olympics, olympics era, and post-olympics.
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permanence vs. impermanence e experimented with the idea of transformation, using conceptual models as a tool for design. Our week one concept model depicts the play between two elements: permanence and impermanence. The temporary volume, porous and angular, encloses the more permanent abstracted form. These temporary volumes are fragmented and can be disassembled from their whole shape, exploring the mechanics between parts that form a whole.
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The concept model suggests the duality of assembly and disassembly and its ability to change its overall form and character based on simple transformation.
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experimenting with materials and forms he second concept model continues to explore the ideas of permanence and impermanence and how these attitudes dictate their relationships with each other. Rather than planning the way these objects transform, this experiment focused primarily on the spontaneity of the reaction. We observed the object’s movement, the scale of components, and the speed at which they transformed.
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The visual composition of fractured permanent volumes moving in response to the melting wax was something that we wanted to further explore in our design. It showed us that even a permanent entity can be transformed by something impermanent; like the wax.
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configuration 1: split open
configuration 2: athletics
the tiered seati different capac
grand stade, france jean nouvel, 1994 (unbuilt)
configuration 3: football
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amed the ‘urban stadium’, Jean Nouvel’s competition proposal for the football stadium in Sain-Denis, France explores the opportunities of a stadium to transform. The transformation is a response to the inevitable issues of scale in all sports-facilitating architecture. His proposal explores ways, a stadium can become not partially flexible, but 100% flexible. The stadium is able to expand and contract from hosting 25-80,000 spectators depending on the requirements for each events. What it fails to consider, is that the stadium and its transformation is within the spectrum of sports, and unable to adapt past that identity. Although not built, the strategies and resolution of a transformation at this large scale, is to be considered and applied within our design.
configuration 4: split enclosed
the playing field can transform i quantity of field by expanding a
the stadium does not address other non-sport programs that could be hosted here.
the main roof slides out to cover an external playing field.
ing slides in and out, to provide city of seating.
the awnings slide in and out to provide flexible shading.
its size, program and and contracting.
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simple grid system
seating layout
The planning, structure, and facade follow a strict grid system that is simple and effective.
Following the grid, the seating bowl has 3 tiers. Strictly abiding to the grid, it is able to be moved on the axis parallel to the grid system.
roof / awning layout
repeated modules
Following the grid, the roof consists of a main roof that covers the playing-field and awnings that cover the seats. These structures also move on the same axis.
By working strictly on the grid system, the layouts create a repeated module system that is proposed to reduce costs, and improve build-ability.
empty boulevard
stadium on wheels
The area needed to provide space for movement is under-utilised and proposed as an empty boulevard.
While not documented in detail, Nouvel proposes a wheel system to move the stadium. This detail is to be further developed in our proposal.
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the building is clad in a lightweight membraneETFE. it is only 1/100 the weight of glass and costs less to install, making it an ideal material.
the primary structure acts as a rib cage primary structure comes down to 6 poi
the movement is only in onedimension.
indoor exhibition space
outdoor plaza
e. all the ints (wheels).
the shed, new york diller scofidio + renfro, 2015 (built)
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he Shed is a part of a series of eclectic and innovative developments above the Hudson Railyards in New York. Designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro and constructed in 2015, the Shed is a real project that embodies this idea of mobile architecture that transforms its identity and program.
indoor exhibition space
hybrid space
outdoor plaza
Although its movement is rather simple and one-dimensional, the resolution and design considerations teach us ways we can effectively and realistically resolve the issues of transformation. The use of light-weight structural steel, along with ETFE cladding material, it is able to be moved with only the horsepower of a Toyota prius. Like Nouvel’s stadium proposal, the Shed is able to transform and adapt its quality of space, program and scale to match the required
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vertical load
lateral load
The planning, structure, and facade follow a strict grid system that is simple and effective.
Following the grid, the seating bowl has 3 tiers. Strictly abiding to this grid, it is able to be moved on the axis parallel to the grid system.
the hidden motor
flexible interior
The motor for movement is intentionally hidden on the roof of the canopy, making the structure’s connection to ground simple and elegant.
Not only is the canopy able to be moved, the cladding elements are able to be lifted up or down to provide different quality of interior depending on program.
etfe junctions
moving on rails
The ETFE cladding is attached to the steel diagrid structure. Each panel is connected to a tube, that feeds air which inflates the panels.
The structure sits on a total of 8 double-axle bogie wheels that roll on rails. Each wheel is six-feet in diameter.
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1. constructed and demolished in incremental stages and incorporate additional legacy use. LEGACY AND STAGING
2. adapt and mould its architecture to facilitate changingADAPTIBILITY programs and their respective requirements.
Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all age
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Reduce inequality within and among countries
legacy and staging
adaptive program Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
3. respond to existing site and contextual needs to serve the people of URBAN RENEWAL the context.
4. innovate the industry and profession of architecture by pioneering in new INNOVATION technologies and construction methods. Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all age
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
urban renewal
innovation Reduce inequality within and among countries
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Horeis ca coendium furissis. Ret ala L. Factum atus, vit; ina, dem di, sultil uropoerent, sidem ses, ora vivest fortandam in sus nost L. Res, sescivi ticercerfex nonsula nerum etrorunum hae tium omnihil halaribusa aus, quam det iampopt erumei sentrav oluteme rfena, ne perum, qua L. Vivide cio, nonium privem modi publiumunum Palisse nihiconsigit que imilicis
developing the four principles
ollowing the conceptual explorations through concept model making and precedent analysis of similar built and unbuilt architecture, the frameworks were elaborated. In response to the four frameworks that was developed after the research component, we have built on each framework with a respective design principle.
F
These four design principles are to become the starting point to the proposal ensuring that the design will address the fundamental issues of mega-events.
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2.
part two site, brief, and response
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sunshine coast
brisbane city
brisbane 2032 olympics
Q
ueensland is fast growing as a state of Australia, and it will be able to utilise the hosting of the games in 2032 to improve transport infrastructure, to absorb demographic change, and to promote economic growth. The games position Queensland as a tourism and improve on the status of Brisbane as an international city (as what happened with Sydney in 2000). Environmentally, the games are to drive a sustainability agenda and to provide focal point for strategies that bring together expertise, industry, and the community to address climate change and waste. Brisbane 2032 games is also to provide a benchmark for Queensland and Australia to support long term sustainability objectives.
gold coast
main stadium
multi-use arena
sport-specific facility
temporary venue
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lake wivenhoe
south d’aguilar national park
brisbane river
coral sea
moreton bay
the site
brisbane city
site analysis: regional scale
O
ur proposed arena, is situated in the heart of the Brisbane CBD as indicated by the white dot. It is in close proximity to the Brisbane River, that splits the two halves of the Brisbane City region. The city of Brisbane is unique because it sits on a transitional zone between the hills, plains, river and the ocean that all have different characteristics and qualities.
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site analysis: city scale
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he site sits on a corner of a heavy vehicular intersection on its eastern boundary, and on the west - sits above the existing Roma Street Station. The site is a transitional zone between the two main green spaces: the botanical gardens and the Roma Street Parklands. Nearby the site, is the existing Suncorp stadium and the Gabba, which are both proposed to be used for the 2032 Olympics.
roma street parkland
the site railway
cbd
botanical gardens brisbane river
the gabba
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grids, and access
built form
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sloping to the river
open space
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railway
cut away cliff
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response to site
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he building’s podium is slightly elevated to respond to the change in levels across the site, providing service access along
its southern face and creating connections to the park along its northern end. The blocks rest and move along a subtle undulating podium landscape, carving the cliff face to the north. Over time, the blocks transform and disperse across the site creating vibrant spaces supporting its surrounding communities and residents. The roof canopy floats above these blocks, it’s scale not overbearing and of a reasonable size in relation to its surroundings.
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6
4
2
1
1. raised platform 2. carved public domain 3. cutaway cliff 4. initial primary geometry 5. exploded geometry 5
3
6. roof canopy
building as exploding components
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his building has three main components: a podium, seating blocks and roof canopy. The blocks rest on a subtle undulating
ground plane, with a carved cliff face. The podium hosts the building’s main services, amenities and access to the train station and Roma Street. The blocks transform and move across the site over an extended period of time, being used as seating and to host a variety of events and activities within and under its form. A floating canopy rest on angular and tapered columns, providing much needed respite for visitors. By breaking down the sheer scale of the olympic arena, the building addresses and supports the legacy objectives by being able to reuse these buildings as separate spaces to host a variety of events and activities.
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3.
part three diagrammatic, schematic, and detail design
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pre-legacy
olympics
at any stage, the phases can go back and forth 2026: pre-legacy t its first stage, the building is proposed to be in construction. Due to the incremental construction, it is able to function as open urban plazas in the space between the blocks being constructed.
A
2032: olympics n this stage, most of the buildings are in service for one mega-event only: the olympics. To accommodate the large influx of people from around the world, the building is biggest at this stage.
I
renewal
post-legacy
at any stage, the phases can go back and forth
2080: renewal t the end of the stadiums life cycle, the building has now drastically changed its appearance, program and character. Like the Colosseum, it is at this phase where it can now become renewed either as a landmark, or be demolished and re-proposed.
A
2048: post-legacy fter the main event of olympics, the proposal starts a new life of an adaptive use. The building begins to disperse slowly and one by one, the blocks begin to house other auxiliary programs like galleries, performance space and others.
A
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2032 (olympics) A: services (station) B: back of house (pool) C: aqautic centre D: station concourse E: olympic pool F: open plazas
the four main phases public open space
his diagram expresses the relationship between four phases and
T
the necessary programmatic needs of an arena. The time frame
main program
is extended beyond the 60 year life cycle of an arena, addressing the re-use and re-appropriation of architecture for future generations. It
transit program auxiliary program
is evident from the diagram that there is incremental change for these programmatic functions, with the exception of necessary services and back of house requirements. When specific program needs
back of house
increase, the availability of public open spaces tend to decrease.
services
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phase one pre-legacy
D
uring this stage, the podium, cliff face and roof canopy is fully erected with the construction of the arena underway.
A selection of blocks are built on site and are open for use once constructed. This maximises the use of the infrastructure at the early stages of construction, allowing for more inclusive communities, supporting the surrounding infrastructure of the CBD, and promoting sustainable economic growth.
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4
phase one: pre-legacy day-in-life of an office worker 1. approaches through the cbd at lunch break. 2. picks up food from food stand pavilion. 3. enjoys lunch at the stand. 4. leaves to the park for a stroll.
site plan: phase one
south elevation: phase one
3
2
1
east elevation: phase one
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1
phase one: pre-legacy day-in-life of an office worker 1. approaches through the cbd at lunch break. 2. picks up food from food stand pavilion. 3. enjoys lunch at the stand. 4. leaves to the park for a stroll.
2
3
4
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phase two olympics
T
he blocks continue to be built on site in the years leading up to the olympic games, and are moved across the site into its
olympic phase positions to serve and accommodate for its olympic events. This is the phase where the blocks are the closest together, housing the largest number of seats that it will in its life-cycle. The small gaps and slits between the bowls allow for the 50m pool to be housed in the middle, while the negative space between the blocks creates entrances and exits into and out of the main building.
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1
2
phase two: olympics day-in-life of an international visitor 1. arrives at station concourse. 2. enters the stand. 3. sits and watches the events. 4. exists and celebrates.
site plan: phase two
south elevation: phase two
3
4
east elevation: phase two
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1
phase two: olympics day-in-life of an international visitor 1. arrives at station concourse. 2. enters the stand. 3. sits and watches the events. 4. exists and celebrates.
2
3
4
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phase three post-legacy
P
hase three describes the post-olympic phase in which these blocks become repurposed for other events and activities. The
blocks come out of their olympic phase positions and are transformed into a new configuration that better serves its new functions. There is a central sports playing field, where the space has been divided to provide facilities for 3 playing fields. This allows the venue to be utilised for a wider range of programs throughout the year.
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2
phase three: post-legacy day-in-life of students at a sports event 1. arrives by coach bus. 2. changes at the amenities. 3. competes in sports games 4. enjoys lunch on the stands after the games.
site plan: phase three
south elevation: phase three
1
4
3
east elevation: phase three
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1
phase three: post-legacy day-in-life of students at a sports event 1. arrives by coach bus. 2. changes at the amenities. 3. competes in sports games 4. enjoys lunch on the stands after the games.
2
3
4
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phase four renewal
I
n the fourth and final stage of the design, the blocks are transformed once again, where they are moved across the site
or removed altogether to be dismantled and reused. Many of the remaining blocks interlock with the carved cliff face, making room for new buildings or constructions in the centre of the site. These blocks continue to serve and host a variety of events and activities within and between its spaces.
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2
phase four: renewal day-in-life of visitors for brisbane biennale 1. arrives from the parklands to ticket booth. 2. views the sculpture gardens. 3. views the performing arts. 4. leaves by station.
site plan: phase four
south elevation: phase four
1
4
3
east elevation: phase four
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1
phase four: renewal day-in-life of visitors for brisbane biennale 1. arrives from the parklands to ticket booth. 2. views the sculpture gardens. 3. views the performing arts. 4. leaves by station.
2
3
4
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view of the central playing field
developing phase three post-legacy
T
o develop from the diagrammatic scheme that described the four phases, we focused on phase three: post legacy stage to
develop into the schematic design. This phase consists of a mix of all the phases, showcasing not only the buildings ability to house sportspecific events, but provide multi-purpose exhibition and performing spaces. Developing phase three also allowed us to visualise in more detail the atmosphere and character of the architecture and how these individual components; moving or static is able to work cohesively.
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7
8
4
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
the 3 arenas arena seats building entry gateway buildings access from the cbd access from parkland station concourse atrium down to station
schematic isometric: phase three
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2
1
3
4
5
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6
7
8
4
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
the 3 arenas arena seats building entry gateway buildings access from the cbd access from parkland station concourse atrium down to station
schematic plan: phase three
2
1
3
4
5
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6
5
7
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
the 3 arenas arena seats ground floor concourse back of house facilities atrium down to station station concourse station platform
schematic long section: phase three
2
1 4
3
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2
5
1 3
4
6
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
the 3 arenas arena seats ground floor concourse back of house facilities access from parkland railway
schematic short section: phase three
1 3
6
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schematic section callouts: phase three
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view from r
roma street
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view of the entry from the plaza
approaching from the city
A
s you approach the building from the city-side (eastern direction) you are enticed by various forms of translucent
beacons that light up the landscape. You are on ground with the main podium level. Within this carved podium, the edges are activated with shopfronts. Between the gaps of the blocks and the ground plane, is the entrances and exits from the building. These interesting interfaces between the two volumes are unique for each phase. The translucent material subtly suggests the interior program, hence inviting on-goers to have a peak inside.
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view from roma s
street parklands
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approaching from the parklands
A
pproaching from the parkland (northern) it is a higher level and hence the blocks seem more to the human scale. Similar
to the approach from the city, these translucent blocks acts as beacons within the landscape that entices on-goers. Through the little openings in the facade are steps up and down the building, where in some instances, the blocks seated tier faces the park - transforming itself into a terraces garden.
view of the entry and stepped garden from parklands
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view of the entry fro
om the station plaza
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isolated development of individual bowl
detail design
D
ue to the modular nature of the blocks, we focused on a specific individual block to develop the scheme further. This
is then to be applied to the rest of the blocks throughout the site.
The development focuses on the structure, material, and composition of the blocks and details how such a large enclosure can move and be accessible and programmable. It also explores the relationship between the block and the groundfloor podium and the adjacent cliff that provides a frontage to the Roma Street Parkland.
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primary and secondary structure
structure
T
he structure of the bowl is made up of a main steel truss ring that is propped on columns equally distributed on its outer
edge. The columns are connected to the ground via a wheel system that sits on top of rails embedded into the ground plane. Across the main ring, spans secondary trusses that hold the ferro-cement bowl for the seats. The bowl is made up of two layers; the upper slab is stepped while the bottom is curved to match the curvature of the truss. These are held together by beams.
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circulation and vertical transportation
circulation
T
he main circulation is hosted by a ring of concourse that is hung from the main structural ring. The radial ring follows
the curvature of the seating bowl, and at specific points, a bridge connects the concourse to the seating bowl.
The main vertical connections are through the staircase which connects the concourse to the ground but also to the level of the cliff in certain blocks. The staircase are hung with the concourse and is able to be docked to its respective meeting points.
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construction sequence
e one: ground podium
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construction sequence
two: primary structure
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construction sequence th
hree: secondary structure
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construction sequence fo
our: tiered seating bowl
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construction sequence fiv
ve: concourse and stairs
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construction sequ
uence six: facade
construction sequence he construction can be divided into six parts. First the ground
T
floor podium is to be constructed with the rails embedded into
its slab. Then the main prefabricated primary structure of the block is to be transported and assembled on site. The secondary structure; the beams are then to be assembled. Then the bowl slab is poured, and concourse and stair is to be constructed hanging off the primary and secondary structure. Lastly the facade mullions are to be attached and the ETFE cladding blown up. This sequence is applicable to all other blocks within our proposal.
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view from the inside the multi-purpose bowls
character of the enclosure
T
he interior of the blocks have been considered to be able to adapt and house multiple functions. Using trusses allowed for
large spans resulting in a spacious and open space that is appropriate for multi-purpose events. It is envisioned for each of the underside/enclosure of these seating blocks to house performances and exhibitions after the buildings life as a sports facility. The translucent ETFE facade provides soft daylight into the building, while at night it allows the building to become a beacon when viewed from the outside.
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reflecting on the proposal
T
he proposed arena challenges the traditional status quo of mega-event architecture like stadia and arenas, by
deconstructing such infrastructure into parts that can be broken up and reinterpretated. This way the otherwise mundane and rigid seating bowls can be re-imagined into beautiful exhibition galleries, and performance venues. It is in this way this proposed architecture is able to radically question and suggest solutions for architecture in the present and future.
Despite not addressing all of the issues discussed in the initial research, framework and principle developments, the proposal questions the most fundamental question of architecture being static and idle. Like any other living thing, it considers architecture and the built-environment as adaptive, reactive, and transformative.
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