Kevin Rodriguez Fish ID

Fish ID Project

By: Kevin Rodriguez.

1st Block

1

MARINE FISHES

2

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 1

Common Name: Sand Tiger Shark Scientific Name: Carcharias taurus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Elasmobranchii Family: Odontaspididae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Lamniformes

Geography / Habitat: It inhabits the continental shelf, from sandy shorelines and submerged reefs to a depth of around 191 m (627 ft). They dwell in the waters of Japan, Australia, South Africa, the Mediterranean and the east coasts of North and South America.

Food / Feed Strategy: Their diet consists of bony fish, crustaceans, squid, skates and other sharks.

• • •

Body Form or Style: This species has a sharp pointy head, and a bulky body, can reach 3.0 m (9.8 ft).

Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves.

Mouth Position: Below the head and opens from the top down.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_tiger_shark http://waste.ideal.es/carchariastaurus.htm

Title: Marine Fish Species # 2 3

Common Name: Swallowtail Sea Perch Scientific Name: Anthias anthias Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Serranidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Lives amongst rocks, gravel, coral and in submarine caves on the continental shelf and upper slope. Depth between 20 and 50 meters and occasionally up to 200 meters.

Food / Feed Strategy: This is a Nocturnal species, Feeds on crustaceans, zooplankton and small fishes.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Reaches a size of 25 cm, the body has a slightly flattened Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head and opens from the top down

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/anthiasanthias.htm http://eol.org/pages/220108/overview

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 3 4

Common Name: Hen Like Blenny Scientific Name: Aidablennius sphynx Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Blenniidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Shallow rocky beaten by waves and abundant algae, up to 1 meter deep.

Is shy and difficult to observe because of their great mimicry with the environment it are in, that makes it almost invisible Food / Feed Strategy: They feed primarily on benthic algae, weeds and invertebrates.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Male sphinx blennies can measure up to 8 cm (3.1 in) long in total length.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves.

Mouth Position: At the lower front of the head.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/aidablenniussphynx.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx_blenny

Title: Marine Fish Species # 4

5

Common Name: Croaker Scientific Name: Argyrosomus regius Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Sciaenidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Is a carnivore found in pelagic coastal areas. Its depth distribution ranges from 15 to 300 m. Distribution include the Atlantic Ocean (from France to Senegal) and the Mediterranean Sea, with some records of its presence in the northern Red Sea.

Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds on fish and crustaceans

•

Body Form or Style: It has a similar form to a European seabass, with a pearly-silver coloration and a yellow coloured mouth. Length can range from 40–50 cm to 2 m long, with weights up to 55 kg.

• •

Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head and opens from the top down.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyrosomus_regius http://waste.ideal.es/argyrosomusregius.htm

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 5 6

Common Name: Grey triggerfish Scientific Name: Balistes capriscus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Familia Balistidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Tetraodontiformes

Geography / Habitat: Lives in rocky bottoms, depth up to 100m, distribution Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Food / Feed Strategy:

• • •

Body Form or Style: It is a relatively small fish, usually less than 2.3 kg (5 lb) in weight Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head and opens from the top down.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_triggerfish http://waste.ideal.es/balistescapriscus.htm

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 6

7

Common Name: Needlefish Scientific Name: Belone belone Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Belonidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Beloniformes

Geography / Habitat: Warm waters being of tropical origin. Very close to the rocks and walls, Also in areas between stones.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed on small fish, especially anchovies. It has a pointed mouth needle shaped.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Body elongated oval lance‐shaped Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves Mouth Position: Front part of the head and opens from the top down.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies23.html http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belone_belone

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 7

8

Common Name: Conger eel Scientific Name: Conger conger Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Congridae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Anguilliformes

Geography / Habitat: Always in rocky areas, near Posidonia meadows and algae. Sometimes in the sand near the rock Food / Feed Strategy: It is a solitary and nocturnal predator. It feeds on fish, crustaceans and molluscs. The bite is not poisonous. It has a high resistance to injury.

• • •

Body Form or Style: The body is cylindrical Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves like a snake Mouth Position: Front part of the head and opens from the top down.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies58.html Title: Marine fish

Species # 8

Common Name: 9

Scientific Name: Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Caproidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Usually lives close to the floor of the sea, mainly on muddy bottoms or near rocky bottoms or coral. It forms numerous herds at a certain distance from the substrate, but occasionally it can reach a depth of about 700 m, especially at night.

Food / Feed Strategy: It feed on crustaceans, especially copepods and mysid shrimps, or on molluscs and worms.

• • •

Body Form or Style: The general form of the body can be defined rhombic, quite deep and compressed.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves Mouth Position: Front part of the head and opens from the top down.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/caprosaper.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boar_Fish

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 9

Common Name: Mediterranean rainbow wrasse

10

Scientific Name: Coris julis Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Labridae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: In all kinds of backgrounds, especially in areas with rocks and stones, at depths between 1 m and 100 m Food / Feed Strategy: It is a gregarious fish that feeds on small crustaceans and molluscs. At night is buried in the sand.

• • •

Body Form or Style: It is oblong shaped, is covered with scales and their meat is very appreciated.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves Mouth Position: Front part of the head and opens from the top down.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_rainbow_wrasse http://waste.ideal.es/especies11.html

Title: Marine Fishs

Species # 10

Common Name: Bogue 11

Scientific Name: Boops boops Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Sparidae / Espáridos

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: In all types of habitat, rocky, sandy and seagrass. They prefer funds with stones and sand.

Food / Feed Strategy: It consumes seaweed, crustaceans, and some plankton, in schools that rise to the surface at night.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Body elongated and compressed. Stresses the eye size relative to the body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head and opens from the top down.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies6.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boops_boops

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 11

Common Name: Tub 12

Scientific Name: Chelidonichthys lucerna Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Triglidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Scorpaeniformes

Geography / Habitat: Is a species of bottom-dwelling coastal fish, inhabits sandy or muddy funds with depth between 20 and 300 meters Food / Feed Strategy: Feeding crustaceans and molluscs

• • •

Body Form or Style: spiny armored head and fingerlike pectoral fins Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head and opens from the top down.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tub_gurnard http://waste.ideal.es/chelidonichthyslucerna.htm

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 12

Common Name: Grey Mullet Scientific Name: Chelon labrosus 13

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Mugiidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Mugiliformes

Geography / Habitat: Sandy and shallow rocky areas, always in groups Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds on plankton and small invertebrates

• • •

Body Form or Style: Described the maximum length typically is about 32 cm. The dorsal fin has 5 spines, while the anal fin has 3 spines Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves using tail Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies21.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 13

Common Name: Little tunny Scientific Name: Euthynnus alletteratus

14

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Scombridae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: It is found in tropical and subtropical seas and oceans, on all surfaces Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds on other fishes and cephalopods

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has an oval shape and reaches up to a meter in length Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves using tail Mouth Position: Front part of the head

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/euthynnusalletteratus.htm http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthynnus_alletteratus

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 14

Common Name: Bucchich's goby Scientific Name: Gobius bucchichi 15

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Gobiidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Inhabits shallow coastal waters between gravel and stones. Hides among the clefts of the rocks. It moves next to the rocks. To remain firmly anchored to the floor with welded ventral fins. The head is broad, with outstanding bulging eyes in dorsolateral position.

Have light brown color with brown spots and even black along body.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feeds on crustaceans and larvae of invertebrates.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Round and slim body. Grows until 6‐8 cm Swim / Locomotion Style: They drive using very small tail and fins.

Mouth Position: Small pointed mouth in front head

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies17.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 15

Common Name: Goldblotch Grouper Scientific Name: Epinephelus costae Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 16

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Serranidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Sandy, muddy or rocky bottoms. Between 20 and 80 feet deep but can be even 200 meters. Atlantic and Mediterranean. It is very territorial. Young are very close to the coast and like shallow water with stones and rocks funds. Reach addressed if you feel in danger. Mimicry has great medium thus achieves a high degree of camouflage

Food / Feed Strategy: Food fish, molluscs, crustaceans

• • •

Body Form or Style: Colored green with horizontal stripes small width.

Swim / Locomotion Style: They drive using tail and fins Mouth Position: Large mouth with protruding lower jaw forward and open up.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/epinepheluscostae.htm Title: Marine Fish

Species # 16

Common Name: European anchovy Scientific Name: Engraulis encrasicolus

17

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Engraulidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Clupeiformes

Geography / Habitat: Abundant throughout the year from around the Mediterranean, the Atlantic coast of Africa and Europe

Food / Feed Strategy: Plankton

• • •

Body Form or Style: Round and slim body. Grows until 20 cm Swim / Locomotion Style: They drive using very small tail and fins.

Mouth Position: Small pointed mouth in front head

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/engraulisencrasicolus.htm

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 17

Common Name: Blacktail Bream Scientific Name: Diplodus Vulgaris

18

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Sparidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Prefers rocky areas in proximity to sandy areas. It also inhabits seagrass.

He can be seen sitting on the fence near the ocean.

Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds small fish, crustaceans, and worms.

•

• •

Body Form or Style: It differs by having two black vertical stripes, one at the base of the tail and another above the gill operculum. It has cross back by fine transverse lines. It is a hermaphrodite fish. The first phase is the male Swim / Locomotion Style: They drive using small tail and fins

Mouth Position: Elongated snout and a small mouth.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies4.html

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 18

Common Name: White Seabream Scientific Name: Diplodus Sargus 19

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Spiradae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: It is found in shallow waters between -1.5 and -5 meters, almost always with banks bream. Often swim with rocky areas and alluvial stones. But also in sandy rock nearby areas funds.

Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds on mollusks and crustaceans.

• • •

Body Form or Style: It is a wide oval Fish, with seven transverse bands of dark brown and fine. Of these five are most intense. Some specimens have a black ring on the tail Swim / Locomotion Style: They drive using small tail and fins

Mouth Position: Elongated snout and a small mouth. They have thick lips.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies1.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 19

Common Name: Porgy Scientific Name: Diplodus puntazzo

20

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Sparidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Sandy or rocky bottoms with abundant vegetation. Distribution Atlantic and Mediterranean. Depth up to 50 meters.

Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds on mollusks and crustaceans.

• •

Body Form or Style: Colored silver with five vertical black stripes small width. Swim / Locomotion Style: They drive using small tail and fins Mouth Position: Elongated snout and a small mouth.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/diploduspuntazzo.htm Title: Marine Fish

Species # 20

Common Name: Zebra sea bream Scientific Name: Diplodus cervinus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 21

Class: Actinopterygii

Family: Sparidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: It is found in meadows and rocky bottoms. Close to fund alluvial stones.

He approaches the breakers of groins shallow. Adults prefer deep waters. The very young swim in pairs. Usually go in pairs or small groups. Adults go solo. It is the least abundant of the Sparidae.

Food / Feed Strategy: Gets tearing food with jaws and lips

• • •

Body Form or Style: Colored silver with five vertical black stripes wide width. It is the largest of Sea bream.

Swim / Locomotion Style: They drive using small tail and fins Mouth Position: Elongated snout and a small mouth.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies2.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 21

Common Name: Annular Sea Bream Scientific Name: Diplodus annularis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

22

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Sparidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: It inhabits rocky bottoms and seagrass beds. Frequents the shallow areas near the coast and funds with stones. Is seen in areas between rocks and sand. The fry swim among the reefs of rocks.

Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds on mollusks and crustaceans

•

Body Form or Style: It is a fish compressed body and silver with blue glitter. It has a black stripe on the caudal peduncle, which is the sign of identity against other Sea bream. It is smaller than the other Diplodus.

• •

Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side using tail Mouth Position: Front head, small mouth with sharp teeth.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies3.html Title: Marine fish

Species # 22

Common Name: Sea Perch Scientific Name: Dicentrarchus labrax Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 23

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Moronidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: It is a semi-pelagic fish. You can approach the coast in search of food. It is also seen in rivers and brackish waters. Almost always swims near the surface, and nothing by banks bream. Along with surface rocks and jetties.

Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds on crustaceans, molluscs and fish.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Colouring with gunmetal silver belly and a dark spot near the operculum.

Swim / Locomotion Style: It is fusiform body and a very fast swimmer.

Mouth Position: Front head

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies79.htm

Title: Marine Fish

Species # 23

Common Name: Sting Ray Scientific Name: Dasyatis pastinaca

24

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Elasmobranchii Family: Dasyatidae

Phylum: Choradata

Order: Rajiformes

Geography / Habitat: Likes to burrow into the sand where only the eyes protruding. Distribution Atlantic and Mediterranean Food / Feed Strategy: Food crustaceans, fish and molluscs.

• • •

Body Form or Style: It has a venomous tail barb which although not fatal if it causes severe pain, paralysis and severe injury, diamond shapped.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Has two fins that move like wings Mouth Position: mouth is located underneath the body that used to hunt animals buried in sand.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/dasyatispastinaca.htm Title: Marine Fish

Species # 24

Common Name: Flying Gurnard Scientific Name: Dactylopterus volitans

25

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Dactylopteridae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Scorpaeniformes

Geography / Habitat: Botton sand, mud or rock between 1 and 100 meters deep Distribution Atlantic and Mediterranean

Food / Feed Strategy: Food, fish, molluscs, crustaceans.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has an elongated shape, with big side flaps Swim / Locomotion Style: They drive using the tail and fins Mouth Position: Front part of the head

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/dactylopterusvolitans.htm

Title: Marine fish

Species # 25

Common Name: Goldsinny Wrass Scientific Name: Ctenolabrus rupestris 26

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Labridae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Atlantic and Mediterranean, Rocky areas, hollows, Up to 50 feet deep

Food / Feed Strategy: Molluscs, crustaceans and bryozoans

• • •

Body Form or Style: Size 18 cm Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side using tail Mouth Position: Front face

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/ctenolabrusrupestris.htm

Title: Marine fish

Species # 26

Common Name: Atlantic spotted flounder Scientific Name: Citharus linguatula 27

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Citharidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Pleuronectiformes

Geography / Habitat: Sandy bottoms to 300 feet deep. Mediterranean and Atlantic Distribution

Food / Feed Strategy: No data

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has a flattened and elongated shape, reaches up to 30 cm Swim / Locomotion Style: Side to side moves using the tail Mouth Position: mouth strongly arched downward; strong teeth on vomer

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/citharuslinguatula.htm Title: Marine Fish

Species # 27

Common Name: Mediterranean Chromis Scientific Name: Chromis chromis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

28

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Pomacentridae

Geography / Habitat: Almost always on rocky bottoms with vertical walls, where they seek refuge. The very attached to the walls of rocks fry. Adults swim between two waters near rocks and cliffs

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed on plankton and small organisms.

• • •

Body Form or Style: It is brown, somewhat lighter on the flanks. The fry are very bright cobalt blue. Emphasize their blue tails with black trim Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail Mouth Position: Front head

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies16.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 28

Common Name: Jacopever Scientific Name: Helicolenus dactylopterus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

29

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Sebastidae

Order: Scorpaeniformes

Geography / Habitat: Muddy and sandy bottoms, Up to 1000 meters deep Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds with molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms

• • •

Body Form or Style: Reaches up to 50 cm in length, the spines of the dorsal fin produce painful stings because they have poison glands Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail Mouth Position: Front part of the head

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/helicolenusdactylopterus.htm Title: Marine Fish

Species # 29

Common Name: Spiny Seahorse Scientific Name: Hippocampus sp Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

30

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Syngnathidae

Order: Syngnathiformes

Geography / Habitat: It lives in shallow waters with Posidonia meadows and other areas with algae.

Food / Feed Strategy: Are predators of small invertebrates.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Formed by 48 ossified rings, with arched head and body angle.

Prehensile tail.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Swims vertically.

Mouth Position: Has long tubular snout on the front of the head

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies59.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 30

Common Name: Cuckoo wrasse Scientific Name: Labrus bimaculatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

31

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Labridae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: It is found in meadows and rocky bottoms.

Food / Feed Strategy: Nothing during the day to feed on fish, crustaceans and mollusks.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Body elongated and slimmer than other Wrasses. It has a strong sexual dimorphism Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail. Always swims alone and slowly Mouth Position: Front part of the head

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies15.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 31

Common Name: Cardine franche Scientific Name: Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

32

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Scophthalmidae

Order: Pleuronectiformes

Geography / Habitat: Sandy bottoms Food / Feed Strategy:

• • •

Body Form or Style: They can reach 60 cm in total length Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/lepidorhombuswhiffiagonis.htm Title: Marine Fish

Species # 32

Common Name: Striped Sea Bream Scientific Name: Lithognathus mormyrus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 33

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Sparidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Sandy bottoms near the beach, and in areas close to rocks.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feeds on worms and small crustaceans and molluscs.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Elongated, flat body, with elongated snout Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://www.asturnatura.com/especie/lithognathus‐mormyrus.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 33

Common Name: White seabream Scientific Name: Diplodus sargus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

34

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Sparidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: It is found in shallow waters from ‐1.5 to ‐5 meters, but also in sandy rock nearby areas funds.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feeds on small crustaceans and molluscs.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Oval and wide, with seven transverse bands of dark brown and fine.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies1.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 34

Common Name: Scientific Name: Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

35

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Mullidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: In rocky and sandy areas or meadows.

Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds on worms, larvae and small crustaceans that live buried.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Body flattened. Front very flat with large scales.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies9.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 35

Common Name: Marbled Moray Scientific Name: Muraena helena Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

36

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Muraenidae

Order: Anguilliformes

Geography / Habitat: Near seagrass meadows. He hides in deep cracks, of which only reveals the head and large jaws.

Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds on crustaceans, molluscs, echinoderms and fishes.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Shaped snake. Your body is compressed in the terminal part, scaleless skin and shiny.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail, it moves like a snake.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head with strong teeth.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies57.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 36

Common Name: Musola Houndshark Scientific Name: Mustelus mustelus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

37

Class: Elasmobranchii Family: Triakidae

Order: Carcharhiniformes

Geography / Habitat: On sandy or stony bottoms not far from the coast Food / Feed Strategy: Feed with fishes and shellfish.

• • •

Body Form or Style: This species has two dorsal fins, an anal fin, a pair of pectoral fins, a pair of pelvic fins and tail.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head with strong teeth.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/mustelusmustelus.htm Title: Marine Fish

Species # 37

Common Name: Myliobatis aquila Scientific Name: Common Bull Ray Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

38

Class: Elasmobranchii Family: Myliobatidae

Order: Rajiformes

Geography / Habitat: Sandy or muddy bottoms in estuaries, bays. Between 1 and 300 meters deep.

Food / Feed Strategy: Molluscs, crustaceans and fish

• • •

Body Form or Style: Diamond shapped.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Has two fins that move like wings Mouth Position: mouth is located underneath the body that used to hunt animals buried in sand.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/myliobatisaquila.htm Title: Marine Fish

Species # 38

Common Name: Saddled bream Scientific Name: Oblada melanura Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

39

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Sparidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Shallow water with stones and sandy funds.

Food / Feed Strategy: They are carnivorous and feed on other fish.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has an elongated and flattened body Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head with strong teeth.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/especies5.html Title: Marine Fish

Species # 39

Common Name: Red porgy Scientific Name: Pagrus pagrus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes 40

Family: Sparidae

Geography / Habitat: Shallow water.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feeds on benthic invertebrates and fish.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has an elongated and flattened body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head with strong teeth.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/pagruspagrus.htm Title: Marine Fish

Species # 39

Common Name: Pearly razorfish Scientific Name: Xyrichthys novacula Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes 41

Family: Labridae

Geography / Habitat: Near the coast on sandy or muddy bottoms between 5 and 50 meters.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feed on molluscs, crustaceans and fish.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has an elongated body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://waste.ideal.es/xyrichthysnovacula.htm

42

MARINEINVERTEBRATES

Title: Marine invertebrate

Species # 41

Common Name: Sea Hare Scientific Name: Aplysia Californica Kingdom: Animalia Class: Gastropoda

Phylum: Mollusca

Order: Anaspidea

43

Family: Aplysiidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo- Pacific. In the wild, it is usually found in shallow areas of seagrasses and coral rubble, preferring the shaded areas.

Food / Feed Strategy: Hervibore

•

Body Form or Style: The body of the Dwarf Sea Hare is a combination of speckles and patterns. The location of its rhinophores (organ used to smell) and its oral tentacles make it look a bit like a rabbit, hence its common name.

• •

Swim / Locomotion Style: Crawling Mouth Position: very up close inside a sea hare mouth as it almost eats star corals and a vermetid (the snail in the tube), luckily he doesn't like the taste

Citation: http://www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=497+524+726&pcatid=726 Title: Marine invertebrate

Species # 42

Common Name: Red false plum anemone Scientific Name: Pseudactinia flagellifera Kingdom: Animalia Class: Anthozoa

Phylum: Cnidaria

Order: Actiniaria 44

Family: Actiniidae

Geography / Habitat: Southern Africa. May be found singly or in groups. Prey captured with the tentacles is stuffed through the mouth into the digestive cavity.

Food / Feed Strategy: Molluscs and crustaceans

•

Body Form or Style: The red body is hollow, cylindrical, and attached at the base by a flat adhesive disc. Tentacles ring the mouth and are armed with stinging cells. Reproduction can be sexual or by simple division of the body

• •

Swim / Locomotion Style: It can move about slowly and inflates vesicles to attack and sting creatures it encounters to defend its territory.

Mouth Position: Wide mouth

Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=48 Title: Marine invertebrate

Species # 43

Common Name: Frilly mouthed jelly fish Scientific Name: Chrysaora sp Kingdom: Animalia Class: Scyphozoa

Phylum: Cnidaria

Order: Semaeostomeae 45

Family: Pelagiidae

Geography / Habitat: Open Ocean, South Africa. West Coast to Port Elizabeth Food / Feed Strategy: Plantonic animals

• • •

Body Form or Style: Bell shallow, transparent blue with a more opaque white edge. 24 long marginal tentacles and 16-32 stubby tentacles.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Manubrium hangs down as an elaborate frilly structure which extends to form four trailing trails when fully extended.

Mouth Position: The mouth is drawn out to form four frilly lips beneath the bell and opens into a central stomach with four partitioned gastric pouches

Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=132 Title: Marine invertebrate

Species # 44

Common Name: Plumbed hydroid Scientific Name: Plumularia setacea Kingdom: Animalia Class: Hydrozoa

Phylum: Cnidaria

Order: Leptothecata

46

Family: Plumulariidae

Geography / Habitat:

Southern Africa, Sheltered pool and shallow reefs. Attached itself to other marine animals

Food / Feed Strategy: Filter-feed on microscopic animals

• •

•

Body Form or Style: A low greeping base with pale-yellow upright, unbranched plume like stems The cup-like hydrothecae have a smooth margin and are flanked by two lateral nematothecae and a lower central nematotheca Swim / Locomotion Style: They live in colonials. In some, defensive polyps are found, armed with large numbers of stinging cells. In others, one polyp may develop as a large float, from which the other polyps hang down, allowing the colony to drift in open water instead of being anchored to a solid surface.

Mouth Position: A terminal mouth on a raised protuberance called the hypostome, surrounded by a number of tentacles.

Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=158 Title: Marine invertebrate

Species # 45

Common Name: Cape zoanthid Scientific Name: Isozoanthus capensis Kingdom: Animalia Class: Anthozoa

Phylum: Cnidaria

Order: Zoantharia

47

Family: Parazoanthidae

Geography / Habitat: Capetown to Port Shepstone. Occurs under overhangs in shallow waters Food / Feed Strategy: Plankton

• • •

Body Form or Style: Orange to pink polyp with about 30 tentacles .Column coated in coarse sand Swim / Locomotion Style: Can be major contributors to the physical structure of the coral reefs that develop in tropical and subtropical waters Mouth Position: Their mouth is grooved with a furrow called a siphonoglyph. This furrow is lined with thousands of beating cilia that aid in feeding and water exchange.

Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=239 Title: Marine invertebrate

Species # 46

Common Name: Nippled sea fan Scientific Name: Eunicella papillosa Kingdom: Animalia Class: Anthozoa

Phylum: Cnidaria

Order: Gorgonacea

48

Family: Gorgoniidae

Geography / Habitat: Luderits to Sodwana. Caves or sheltered area with no strong wave action.

Food / Feed Strategy: Filterfeeder

•

Body Form or Style: A single stork forking into 2 mm cylindrical white branches branches. Polyps give the fan a yellowish color when extended.

• •

Swim / Locomotion Style: They have been described as moving conveyer belts of tissue, with new tissue forming at one end and continuously leaving at the other.

Mouth Position:

Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=153 Title: Marine invertebrate

Species # 47

Common Name: Common cuttlefish Scientific Name: Sepia vermiculata Kingdom: Animalia Class: Cephalopoda

Phylum: Mollusca

Order: Sepiida

49

Family: Scolliodea

Geography / Habitat: Common specie throughout South Africa. Sub-tidal pools to deep ocean reefs Food / Feed Strategy: Fish and shell fish. Feeding on molluscs, young fish, and crabs. Other species of cuttlefish may also be taken, and cannibalism

•

Body Form or Style: Elongate body with a fin on each side and pale belly. Head with eight short arms and two long tentacles that can be retracted. Each arm got eight rows of equal sized suckers. Color varies as cuttlefish use camouflage

• •

Swim / Locomotion Style: Cuttlefish swim using the fin that passes around the body. They can also rapidly expel water and move quickly by 'jet-propulsion' Mouth Position: Encircling the mouth there are eight 'arms' with suckers, which are used to manipulate prey, there are also two tentacles with flattened paddle-like tips, which can be rapidly extended and are used to catch prey

Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=10 Title: Marine invertebrate

Species # 48

Common Name: Dwarf cushion starfish Scientific Name: Patiriella exigua Kingdom: Animalia Class: Not defined

Phylum: Echinodermata

Order: Not defined

50

Family: Not defined

Geography / Habitat: Throughout South Africa. It can be found in temperate intertidal marine communities.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed by extruding the stomach through the mouth and plastering it onto the rock, thus digesting microscopic algae

•

Body Form or Style: Tiny flattened pentagonal starfish: arms poorly developed. Dorsal surface made up of tile-like plates, each with a cluster of knob-like spines. Uniformly khaki-green on the West coast: variegated patterns of orange, brown, green and white on the South-East coast. They have no heart,

brain, nor eyes, but some brittle stars seem to have light sensitive parts on their arms

•

Swim / Locomotion Style: Echinoderms have tentacle-like structures called tube feet with suction pads situated at their extremities. These tube feet are hydraulically controlled by a remarkable vascular system. This system supplies water through canals of small muscular tubes to the tube feet (= ambulacral feet). As the tube feet press against a moving object, water is withdrawn from them, resulting in a suction effect. When water returns to the canals, suction is released. The resulting locomotion is generally very slow.

•

Mouth Position: Their mouth is situated on the underside and their anus on top.

Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=272

Title: Marine invertebrate

Species # 49

Common Name: Chokka Scientific Name: Loligo vulgaris reynaudii Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

51

Class: Cephalopoda

Order: Teuthida

Family: Loliginidae

Geography / Habitat:

It occurs in coastal waters from False Bay to Port Elizabeth. Pelagic

Food / Feed Strategy: Feeds on small fishes

•

Body Form or Style: This animals has an elongated slender body with eight short arms and two very long retractile tentacles, all of which have suckers. It has relatively long diamond-shaped fins, which run more than half the length of the mantle. Its eyes are covered with a membrane which is part of the skin covering the head

• •

Swim / Locomotion Style: It has relatively long diamond‐shaped fins, which run more than half the length of the mantle.

Mouth Position: Front head

Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=400 Title: Marine invertebrate

Species # 50

Common Name: Bluebell Tunicate Scientific Name: Clavelina sp Kingdom: Animalia Class: Ascidiacea

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Aplousobranchia

52

Family: Clavelinidae

Geography / Habitat: Rocky reefs. This small sea squirt is a solitary animal, but can often be seen in groups on the reef.

Food / Feed Strategy: Filterfeeders

•

Body Form or Style: Has a flute glass shape body and a single “stem” that anchors it to the reef. Two tube-like openings can be seen on the top part of the body. Bright blue in color and more transparent towards the two tube-like openings.

•

Swim / Locomotion Style: Most adult tunicates are sessile and are permanently attached to rocks or other hard surfaces on the ocean floor; others such as salps, doliolids and pyrosomes swim in the pelagic zone of the sea as adults. Various species are commonly known as sea squirts, sea pork, sea liver or sea tulips.

•

Mouth Position: They are marine filter feeders with a water‐filled, sac‐like body structure and two tubular openings, known as siphons, through which they draw in and expel water. During their respiration and feeding they take in water through the incurrent (or inhalant) siphon and expel the filtered water through the excurrent (or exhalant) siphon

Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=165

53

FRESHWATER FISHES

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 51 Common Name: African jewelfish Scientific Name: Hemichromis bimaculatus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

54

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: The African jewelfish's origin is in Africa, hence its name. They are found in high numbers in the rivers of west Africa.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed on insects, crustaceans, and Caridina.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has an oval body with big fins Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemichromis_bimaculatus Title: Freshwater fish Species # 52 Common Name: Angelfish Scientific Name: Pterophyllum scalare Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

55

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: It is found in swamps or flooded grounds where vegetation is dense and the water is either clear or silty.

Food / Feed Strategy: They are herbivores

• • •

Body Form or Style: Is diamond shaped with long fins.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterophyllum_scalare Title: Freshwater fish Species # 53 Common Name: Bala shark Scientific Name: Balantiocheilos melanopterus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Cypriniformes

56

Family: Cyprinidae

Geography / Habitat: Bala sharks are found in midwater depths in large and medium‐sized rivers and lakes.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed on phytoplankton, but mostly on small crustaceans, rotifers, and insects and their larvae

• • •

Body Form or Style: Its torpedo‐shaped body and large fins.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balantiocheilus_melanopterus Title: Freshwater fish Species # 54 Common Name: Siamese fighting fish Scientific Name: Betta splendens Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes 57

Family: Osphronemidae

Geography / Habitat: Food / Feed Strategy: they feed on zooplankton, crustaceans, and the larvae of mosquitoes and other water‐bound insects.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has a small body and large and elongated with long fins.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betta_splendens Title: Freshwater fish Species # 55 Common Name: Black Molly Fish Scientific Name: Poecilia sphenops Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Cyprinodontiformes

58

Family: Poeciliidae

Geography / Habitat: They inhabit fresh water streams and coastal brackish and marine waters of Mexico.

Food / Feed Strategy: They demand fresh vegetable food like algae.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Its torpedo‐shaped body and large fins.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://www.fishchannel.com/fish‐species/freshwater_all_landing.aspx

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 56 Common Name: Largemouth bass.

Scientific Name: Micropterus salmoides.

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes 59

Family: Centrarchidae

Geography / Habitat: Largemouth bass usually hang around big patches of weeds near shallow water.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes mostly small bait fish, scuds, small shrimp, insects, smaller fish, snails, crawfish, frogs, snakes, salamanders, bats and even small water birds, mammals, and baby alligators.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Reaches a maximum recorded overall length of 29.5 in and a maximum weight of 25 pounds.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largemouth_bass Title: Freshwater fish Species # 57 Common Name: Atlantic tarpon Scientific Name: Megalops atlanticus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Elopiformes 60

Family: Megalopidae

Geography / Habitat: Inhabits coastal waters, estuaries, lagoons, and rivers.

Food / Feed Strategy: The tarpon feeds almost exclusively on schooling fish and occasionally crabs.

•

Body Form or Style: The large mouth is turned upwards and the lower jaw contains an elongated, bony plate. The last ray of the dorsal fin is much longer than the others, reaching nearly to the tail.

• •

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_tarpon Title: Freshwater fish Species # 58 Common Name: Chinook salmon Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Salmoniformes 61

Family: Salmonidae

Geography / Habitat: the native distribution of Chinook salmon ranged from as far south as the Ventura River in California and north to Alaska.

Food / Feed Strategy: Salmon feed on planktonic diatoms, copepods, kelps, seaweeds, jellyfish, and starfish

• • •

Body Form or Style: Adult fish range in size from 24 to 36 in Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinook_salmon Title: Freshwater fish Species # 59 Common Name: Apache trout Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus apache Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Salmoniformes 62

Family: Salmonidae

Geography / Habitat: It natively lives in clear, cool streams in the White Mountains that flow through coniferous forests and marshes, but has been introduced into several lakes in the area

Food / Feed Strategy: The Apache trout eats both terrestrial and aquatic insects, such as Trichoptera and Diptera. In lakes, they also eat small fishes and zooplankton.

• • •

Body Form or Style: The Apache trout measures in length from 6 to 24 inches (61 cm), and weighs between 6 ounces and 6 pounds Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_trout Title: Freshwater fish Species # 60 Common Name: Golden trout Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Salmoniformes 63

Family: Salmonidae

Geography / Habitat: is native to the southern Sierra Nevada, including the upper reach and tributaries of the South Fork of the Kern River, and Golden Trout Creek and its tributaries

Food / Feed Strategy: They eat small fishes and zooplankton.

• • •

Body Form or Style: In their native habitat, adults range from 6–12 in long.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_trout Title: Freshwater fish Species # 61 Common Name: American shad Scientific Name: Alosa (Alosa) sapidissima Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

64

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Clupeidae

Order: Clupeiformes

Geography / Habitat: Distributed from southern Labrador to northern Florida Food / Feed Strategy: is primarily a plankton feeder, but will eat small shrimp and fish eggs

• • •

Body Form or Style: Adult shad weigh between 3 pounds (1.4 kg) and 8 pounds (3.6 kg) Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_shad Title: Freshwater fish Species # 62 Common Name: Bluegill Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

65

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Centrarchidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Bluegill live in the shallow waters of many lakes and ponds, along with slow‐ moving areas of streams and small rivers.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feed on plankton and other aquatic creatures.

• • •

Body Form or Style: has a flattened body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluegill Title: Freshwater fish Species # 63 Common Name: Channel catfish Scientific Name: Ictalurus punctatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 66

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Ictaluridae

Order: Siluriformes

Geography / Habitat: They thrive in small and large rivers, reservoirs, natural lakes, and ponds.

Food / Feed Strategy: Channel catfish feed on aquatic insect larvae, crayfish, mollusks, and small fish

• • •

Body Form or Style: : This slender, elongate catfish has a deeply forked caudal fin and a protruding upper jaw Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_catfish Title: Freshwater fish Species # 64 Common Name: Spotted bass Scientific Name: Micropterus punctulatus

67

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Centrarchidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Preferring cool and warm mountain streams and reservoirs with rocky bottoms.

Food / Feed Strategy: the spotted bass feeds on insects, crustaceans, frogs, annelid worms, and smaller fish.

• • •

Body Form or Style: can reach an overall length of almost 64 cm (25 in), reaching weights of up to 4.6 kg (10 lb).

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_bass

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 65 Common Name: White crappie Scientific Name: Pomoxis annularis 68

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Centrarchidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: White crappie can be found in large rivers, reservoirs and lakes.

Food / Feed Strategy: Individuals smaller than about 16 cm in length eat plankton and minuscule crustaceans, while larger individuals feed on small fishes

• • •

Body Form or Style: The species is a deep‐bodied fish with a flattened body Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_crappie Title: Freshwater fish Species # 66 Common Name: Black crappie Scientific Name: Pomoxis nigromaculatus 69

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Centrarchidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: The black crappie's habitats are lakes, reservoirs, borrow pits, and navigation pools in large rivers

Food / Feed Strategy: Individuals smaller than about 16 cm in length eat plankton and minuscule crustaceans, while larger individuals feed on small fishes

• • •

Body Form or Style: Have a deep and laterally compressed body Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_crappie Title: Freshwater fish Species # 67 Common Name: Atlantic salmon Scientific Name: Salmo salar 70

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Salmonidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Salmoniformes

Geography / Habitat: The distribution of Atlantic Salmon is temperature dependent.

Food / Feed Strategy: Juveniles start with tiny invertebrates, but as they mature, they may occasionally eat small fish

• • •

Body Form or Style: maximum of 153 cm (60 in) and a weight of 45 kg (99 lb).

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_salmon Title: Freshwater fish Species # 68 Common Name: Striped bass Scientific Name: Morone saxatilis 71

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Moronidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: They can be found in lakes, ponds, streams, and wetlands.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes mostly small bait fish, scuds, small shrimp, insects, smaller fish, snails, crawfish and frogs.

• • • •

Body Form or Style: has a streamlined, silvery body marked with longitudinal dark stripes running from behind the gills to the base of the tail.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_bass Title: Freshwater fish Species # 69 Common Name: Brook trout Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis 72

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Salmonidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Salmoniformes

Geography / Habitat: The brook trout inhabits large and small lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, and spring ponds.

Food / Feed Strategy: Brook trout have a diverse diet that includes crustaceans, frogs and other amphibians, insects, molluscs, smaller fish, invertebrates, and even small aquatic mammals such as voles.

•

Body Form or Style: The belly and lower fins are reddish in color, the latter with white leading edges. Often, the belly, particularly of the males, becomes very red or orange when the fish are spawning.

• •

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brook_trout_1918.jpg Title: Freshwater fish Species # 70 Common Name: Walleye Scientific Name: Sander vitreus 73

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Percidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Native to most of Canada and to the Northern United States Food / Feed Strategy: They eats smaller fishes.

• • •

Body Form or Style: The dorsal side of a walleye is olive, grading into a golden hue on the flanks.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walleye

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 71 Common Name: Paddlefish Scientific Name: Protopsephurus liui 74

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Polyodontidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Acipenseriformes

Geography / Habitat: Some lakes and rivers like Mississippi river, Missouri River, Ohio River and others.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed by filtering out zooplankton from the water.

• • •

Body Form or Style: The paddlefish can be distinguished by its large mouth and its elongated Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paddlefish_Polyodon_spathula.jpg

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 72 Common Name: Lahontan cutthroat trout Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi

75

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family:

Phylum: Chordata

Order:

Geography / Habitat: is native to the drainages of the Truckee River, Humboldt River, Carson River, Walker River, Quinn River

Food / Feed Strategy: Eats smaller fish and insects.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has an elongated body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahontan_cutthroat_trout

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 73 Common Name: Rio Grande cutthroat trout Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus clarki virginalis 76

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Salmonidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Salmoniformes

Geography / Habitat: is found in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado in tributaries of the Rio Grande

Food / Feed Strategy: Rio Grande cutthroat feed opportunistically on aquatic insects and terrestrial insects that fall into the water.

• • •

Body Form or Style: has an elongated body and slightly flattened Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rgc2.jpg

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 74 Common Name: Red drum Scientific Name: Sciaenops ocellatus 77

Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Sciaenidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Is found in the Atlantic Ocean from Massachusetts to Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Northern Mexico

Food / Feed Strategy: primarily feed on menhaden, mullet, pinfish, sea robin, lizardfish, spot, Atlantic croaker, and flounder.

• • •

Body Form or Style: The red drum have a characteristic eyespot near the tail and are somewhat streamlined.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_drum Title: Freshwater fish Species # 75 Common Name: Northern pike Scientific Name: Esox lucius Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 78

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Esocidae

Order: Esociformes

Geography / Habitat: They are typical of brackish and freshwaters of the northern hemisphere.

Food / Feed Strategy: They eats other fishes.

• • •

Body Form or Style: The average length is about 70–120 cm (28‐47 inches).

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_pike

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 76 Common Name: White bass Scientific Name: Morone chrysops Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 79

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Moronidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: White bass inhabit large reservoirs and rivers.

Food / Feed Strategy: They eats calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, daphnia, and leptodora

• • •

Body Form or Style: It has large, rough scales and two dorsal fins.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_bass

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 77 Common Name: Guadalupe bass Scientific Name: Micropterus treculii Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 80

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Centrarchidae

Order: Perciformes

Geography / Habitat: Guadalupe bass are found in streams and reservoirs; absent from extreme headwaters.

Food / Feed Strategy: Guadalupe bass at their predatory peak prefer larger bait fish such as shad and small bass or bluegill

• • •

Body Form or Style: They have a lateral line covered in mostly separate diamond shaped or circular spots Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_bass Title: Freshwater fish Species # 78 Common Name: Bonneville cutthroat trout Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus clarki utah Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 81

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Salmonidae

Order: Salmoniformes

Geography / Habitat: Food / Feed Strategy: Bonneville cutthroat trout primarily eat other fish, while smaller individuals and to a lesser extent adults consume a lot of insects and various benthic organisms.

• • •

Body Form or Style: This fish has sparsely scattered, very distinct round spots over its upper body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonneville_cutthroat_trout

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 79 Common Name: Rainbow trout Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 82

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Salmonidae

Order: Salmoniformes

Geography / Habitat: Rivers and lakes.

Food / Feed Strategy: Rainbow trout are predators with a varied diet, and will eat nearly anything they can capture

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has a broad reddish stripe along the lateral line, from gills to the tail which is most pronounced in breeding males.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_trout Title: Freshwater fish Species # 80 Common Name: Muskellunge Scientific Name: Esox masquinongy Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 83

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Esocidae

Order: Esociformes

Geography / Habitat: Muskellunge are found in oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes and large rivers Food / Feed Strategy: Most of their diets consist of fish, but can also include crayfish, frogs, ducklings, snakes, muskrats, mice, other small mammals, and small birds

• • •

Body Form or Style: The body plan is typical of ambush predators with an elongated body, flat head and dorsal, pelvic and anal fins set far back on the body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskellunge Title: Freshwater fish Species # 81 Common Name: Black tetra Scientific Name: Gymnocorymbus ternetzi Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 84

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Characidae

Order: Characiformes

Geography / Habitat: It is native to the Paraguay and Guaporé River basins of southern Brazil, Argentina, and Bolivia.

Food / Feed Strategy: The black widow tetra feeds on small crustaceans, insects, and worms.

• • •

Body Form or Style: the black tetra has a roughly tetragonal body shape and is greyish in colour Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnocorymbus_ternetzi Title: Freshwater fish Species # 82 Common Name: Thayeria boehlkei Scientific Name: Thayeria boehlkei Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata 85

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Characidae

Order: Characiformes

Geography / Habitat: inhabits small streams and the margins of smaller rivers in the Amazon Basin of lowland Amazonia, where its is part of the highly diverse Neotropical fish fauna.

Food / Feed Strategy: The species feeds on worms, small insects and crustaceans

• • •

Body Form or Style: has a small body with a black stripe on its side.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thayeria_boehlkei Title: Freshwater fish Species # 83 Common Name: Mexican tetra Scientific Name: Astyanax mexicanus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

86

Class: Actinopterygii Family: Characidae

Order: Characiformes

Geography / Habitat: Spends most of its time in the mid‐level of the water above the rocky and sandy bottoms of pools and backwaters of creeks and rivers of its native environment

Food / Feed Strategy: Its natural diet consists of crustaceans, insects, and annelids, although in captivity it is omnivorous.

• • •

Body Form or Style: the Mexican tetra is of typical characin shape, with unremarkable, drab coloration Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astyanax_fasciatus_mexicanus Title: Freshwater fish Species # 84 Common Name: Brichardi Cichlid Scientific Name: Neolamprologus brichardi Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Perciformes 87

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: Is a species of cichlid endemic to the alkaline waters of Lake Tanganyika in east Africa

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed from the rocky biocover, picking at small crustaceans and invertebrates. It will also feed on swarms of plankton when available.

• • •

Body Form or Style: has a small body with big fins.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolamprologus_brichardi Title: Freshwater fish Species # 85 Common Name: Bronze corydoras Scientific Name: Corydoras aeneus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Siluriformes 88

Family: Callichthyidae

Geography / Habitat: They are found in quiet, shallow waters with soft bottoms that can sometimes be heavily polluted by clouds of disturbed mud from the bottom, but it also inhabits running waters

Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds on worms, benthic crustaceans, insects, and plant matter

• • •

Body Form or Style: It has a yellow or pink body, white belly, and is blue‐grey over its head and back.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corydoras_aeneus Title: Freshwater fish Species # 86 Common Name: Common pleco Scientific Name: Hypostomus plecostomus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Siluriformes

89

Family: Loricariidae

Geography / Habitat: In the wild in fresh running waters and brackish waters of river mouths.

Food / Feed Strategy: This species feeds on algae, aquatic weeds and other plant matter and small crustaceans.

• • •

Body Form or Style: has a hard, elongated body with long fins with spines.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: In the bottom of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypostomus_plecostomus Title: Freshwater fish Species # 87 Common Name: Cherry barb Scientific Name: Puntius titteya Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Cyprinidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Cypriniformes

90

Geography / Habitat: The cherry barb's natural habitat is a heavily shaded, shallow, and calm water body.

Food / Feed Strategy: The species feeds on worms, small insects and crustaceans

• • •

Body Form or Style: The cherry barb is an elongated fish with a relatively compressed body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntius_titteya Title: Freshwater fish Species # 88 Common Name: Alligator gar Scientific Name: Atractosteus spatula Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii Family: Lepisosteidae

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Lepisosteiformes

91

Geography / Habitat: Alligator gar are usually found in slow sluggish waters, although running water seems to be necessary for spawning

Food / Feed Strategy: Adults feed primarily on fish.

• • •

Body Form or Style: They have a long, slender, cylindrical bodies and long snouts.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator_gar

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 89 Common Name: Bigmouth buffalo Scientific Name: Ictiobus cyprinellus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Cypriniformes

92

Family: Catostomidae

Geography / Habitat: Bigmouth buffalo appear to spawn in very shallow water.

Food / Feed Strategy: Young fish seem to prefer eating bottom-dwelling invertebrates, while older individuals prefer crustaceans dwelling in the midwater.

• • •

Body Form or Style: The bigmouth buffalo is a dull brownish olive color with dusky fins.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ictiobus_cyprinellus

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 90 Common Name: Common carp Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii

Phylum: Chordata

Order: Cypriniformes

93

Family: Cyprinidae

Geography / Habitat: Common carp prefer large bodies of slow or standing water and soft, vegetative sediments.

Food / Feed Strategy: They can eat a herbivorous diet of water plants, but prefer to scavenge the bottom for insects, crustaceans (including zooplankton), crawfish, and benthic worms

• • •

Body Form or Style: The common carp is a heavy-bodied minnow with barbels on either side of the upper jaw.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprinus_carpio

94

Freshwater Invertebrates

95

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 91 Common Name: Red swamp crawfish Scientific Name: Procambarus clarkii Kingdom: Animalia Class: Malacostraca Family: Cambaridae

Phylum: Arthropoda

Order: Decapoda

Geography / Habitat: Is most commonly found in warm fresh water, such as slowly flowing rivers, marshes, reservoirs, irrigation systems and rice paddies.

Food / Feed Strategy: The red swamp crayfish is carnivorous, eating insect larvae, tadpoles, and snails.

• • •

Body Form or StyleCrayfish are characterized by a joined head and thorax, and a segmented body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procambarus_clarkii 96

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 92 Common Name: Mosquito shrimp Scientific Name: Caridina gracilirostris Kingdom: Animalia Class: Malacostraca Family: Atyidae

Phylum: Arthropoda

Order: Decapoda

Geography / Habitat: In the wild, it is found in mangroves and marshes.

Food / Feed Strategy: Caridina gracilirostris is an algae‐eating species of shrimp.

• • •

Body Form or Style: has a nearly transparent body, and with an elongated red rostrum on its head.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caridina_gracilirostris

97

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 93 Common Name: Tadpole shrimps Scientific Name: Triops longicaudatus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Branchiopoda Family: Triopsidae

Phylum: Arthropoda

Order: Notostraca

Geography / Habitat: It is most active at a temperature of approximately 20 °C (68 °F), and is usually found scratching the mud at the bottom of pools, searching for benthic food

Food / Feed Strategy: Tadpole shrimps are omnivorous and may eat algae, insects, and other organic debris

• • •

Body Form or Style: Has elongated tail structures that are often nearly as long as the rest of the body.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triops_longicaudatus

98

Title: Freshwater fish Species # 94 Common Name: Giant ramshorn snail Scientific Name: Marisa cornuarietis Kingdom: Animalia Class: Gastropoda Family: Ampullariidae

Phylum: Mollusca

Order: Caenogastropoda

Geography / Habitat: This snail prefers still or slow‐moving fresh water, depending on the availability of aquatic vegetation as a food source

Food / Feed Strategy: This species eats aquatic plants, algae, and dead fish and snails.

• • •

Body Form or Style: The shell color varies from pale to darker red or brown or more vivid shades of those colors, and is fairly often striped.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marisa_cornuarietis Title: Freshwater fish Species # 95 99

Common Name: Golden Clam Scientific Name: Corbicula fluminea Kingdom: Animalia Class: Bivalvia Family: Corbiculidae

Phylum: Mollusca

Order: Veneroida

Geography / Habitat: Found in streams, lakes, or canals.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed primarily on phytoplankton (algae), which they filter from the sandy or muddy bottom

• • •

Body Form or Style: The outside of the shell is normally yellow‐green with concentric rings.

The color can flake, leaving white spots. The shells are lightly purple on the inside.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbicula_fluminea Title: Freshwater fish Species # 96

100

Common Name: Eastern grass shrimp Scientific Name: Palaemonetes paludosus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Malacostraca Family: Palaemonidae

Phylum: Arthropoda

Order: Decapoda

Geography / Habitat: Lives in fresh water or slightly brackish water usually in lakes.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed on plankton.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Palaemonetes paludosus is up to 2.5 cm (1.0 in) long and largely transparent Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonetes_paludosus Title: Freshwater fish Species # 97 101

Common Name: Great pond snail Scientific Name: Lymnaea stagnalis Kingdom: Animalia Class: Gastropoda Family: Lymnaeidae

Phylum: Mollusca

Order: Hygrophila

Geography / Habitat: This large snail lives only in freshwater: it prefers slowly running water, and standing water bodies

Food / Feed Strategy: They eats aquatic plants, algae, and dead fish and snails.

• • •

Body Form or Style: The height of an adult shell of this species ranges from 45–60 mm. The width of an adult shell ranges from 20‐30 (34) mm.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymnaea_stagnalis Title: Freshwater fish Species # 98 102

Common Name: Red‐rimmed melania Scientific Name: Melanoides tuberculata Kingdom: Animalia Class: Gastropoda Family: Thiaridae

Phylum: Mollusca

Order: Sorbeoconcha

Geography / Habitat: This species is native to subtropical and tropical northern Africa and southern Asia

Food / Feed Strategy: This snail feeds primarily on algae (microalgae).

• • •

Body Form or Style: This species has an elongate, conical shell, which is usually light brown, marked with rust‐colored spots.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoides_tuberculata Title: Freshwater fish Species # 99

103

Common Name: Common yabby Scientific Name: Cherax destructor Kingdom: Animalia Class: Malacostraca Family: Parastacidae

Phylum: Arthropoda

Order: Decapoda

Geography / Habitat: Yabbies are found in swamps, streams, rivers, reservoirs and farm dams at low to medium elevations.

Food / Feed Strategy: Yabbies are primarily nocturnal detritivores, feeding primarily on algae and plant remains, at night, but also opportunistically feeding on any fish or animal remains they encounter at any time of day.

• • •

Body Form or Style: Yabbies occasionally reach up to 30 cm (12 in) in length but are more commonly 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherax_destructor Title: Freshwater fish Species # 100 104

Common Name: Signal crayfish Scientific Name: Pacifastacus leniusculus Kingdom: Animalia Class: Malacostraca Family: Astacidae

Phylum: Arthropoda

Order: Decapoda

Geography / Habitat: The signal crayfish is native to North America west of the Rocky Mountains, including the Canadian province of British Columbia, and the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

Food / Feed Strategy: The signal crayfish is an omnivore, with most of its dietary intake being detritus.

• • •

Body Form or Style: They are bluish‐brown to reddish‐brown in colour with robust, large, smooth claws.

Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail.

Mouth Position: Front part of the head.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifastacus_leniusculus

105