Fall 2012 Italy LA 512 Booklet

Transect Push and Pull

KevinYuan + KatieRussell

Literature Review

A comparison of US Planning Policy by John Lyle and Ian McHarg to Italian Agriturismo Planning Policy and Ambiente, Italian experiential understanding

PHYSICAL

/ natural elements

“If you multiply simplicities, the result is uniformity, the product of complexities is diversity, and so it is found in examining the respective environments.” -Ian McHarg

“We wish to see in the natural processes that have been examined a value system to which man can respond.”

-Ian McHarg

'Although we need development to provide habitat and sustenance for life, it inevitably changes the natural processes undergone in the natural environment.' John T. Lyle

There is a considerable amount of disparity between the United States and Italy in their land management and planning, agricultural practices, and sustainability measures. The writing of John T. Lyle and Ian McHarg provide an overview of sustainable planning and regenerative design practices underway in the States. Using this information with that of the rural development and planning in the Tuscan region, the differing practices and policies can be compared to see the likenesses and dissimilarities between the two. The literature is being examined under the pretense of the Ambiente and the categories that lay within: physical, cultural, and perceptual.

The landscapes of Tuscany are known around the world for their uniqueness in the juxtaposition of naturally vegetated rolling hills and the terraced olive trees and grape vineyards set within the hills. Tuscany has a specific set of issues it must deal with when referring to the landscape. The long lasting

historic values of agricultural practices are up against the need for sustainable land management and use of land. Tuscany is rich in natural elements, which is the reason for its uniqueness.

Tuscany introduced with the Regional Law, innovative concepts related to stressing the importance of vertical integration, civil participation and coherence among different instruments in the planning process. In Tuscany, the general vision of territorial planning and socioeconomic programming identifies is built around the following key points: “environment protection, polycentricism of the territorial systems, valorisation of the cultural and natural heritage, the integration of the transport systems, and the overall harmonious integration between rural, urban and industrial systems.” As far as participation is concerned, this has progressively been affirming itself as an important methodological approach adopted, in particular, in local planning.

The approaches taken by the Tuscan region do not differ largely from that of Lyle and McHarg. Lyle stresses that regenerative systems use the strategy of dispersal over the landscape, but finds the challenge in doing it in a way better than nature does.

Natural processes cannot be exploited past their capacity for renewal. Lyle’s concept that health, aesthetic, quality, and sustainability of the environment are determined by the way we use the land in conjunction with the practices of Tuscany planning. “Development of land means designing a new ecosystem, structurally, functionally, and spatially”, John Lyle’s philosophy on the ecosystem approach to planning coincides. The main idea here is that there needs to be a strong understanding of the landscape and its natural processes in order to create or inlay a suitable landscape for the region. Getting down to the bare essentials is key to infiltrating the natural techniques of the land and building on them in a way that is beneficial to both. Nature and man.

LITERATURE REVIEW

CULTURAL / urban responding to land morphology

The context in the cultural section of the Ambiente focuses on the settlements in the Tuscany region, and how the settlements, land use, and planning strategies respond to the land.

Tuscany developed a plan for vertical and horizontal division of the production process as well as making it territorially integrated. It focuses on a dynamic interrelation between contextual and codified knowledge and orientation to innovation, strong local identity, connectivity with external systems, flexible specialization, and social mobility. The plans also focus on areas of innovation in the public and entrepreneurial spheres, improvement in human capital, connectivity with external markets, infrastructures, tourism, equal opportunities, sustainable development, public welfare, and rural areas.

Tuscany’s biggest flaw in their planning strategy is that they did not adopt the measure that focuses on disadvantaged areas and areas under environmental constraint. The main programs that focus on rural development are left out of Tuscany’s planning strategies.

Some speculate however that this could be to leave more action for local policy makers.

The literature of Lyle and McHarg argue for a more integrated strategy for regenerative design. Ignoring integral sections of land use such as the disadvantaged areas and areas under environmental constraint will only hinder further sustainable development of the land. McHarg argues that humans and countryside must coexist with one another in order to provide a life-enhancing environment for both the man and the nature. When it comes to farming, McHarg points out that

it is merely another form of mining, which inevitably destroys the substance of which it relies on, the land. The people of Tuscany utilize farming as a main source of income for the entire region and it goes without saying that the care for the land is a priority to ensure an ongoing quality of product as well as the quality of the land from which the product is derived.

John Lyle is quoted for saying that the only difference between humans and other creatures is technology, the reason why humans have a far greater impact on the land than any other. Technology should be viewed as an advantage, utilizing the technology we have to be innovative in our processes which alter the land so as to not destroy, but enhance.

“if we can create the humane city, rather than the city of bondage to toil, then the choice of city or countryside will be between two excellences, each indispensable, each different, both complementary, both life-enhancing. Man in Nature.”

-Ian McHarg

“Money is our measure, convenience is its cohort, the short term is its span, and the devil may take the hindmost is the morality.”

-Ian McHarg

LITERATURE REVIEW

PERCEPTUAL

/ morphological connection between settlement and surrounding landscape “Countryside... where farmers sells land rather than crops, where the developer takes the public resource of the city’s hinterland & subdivides to create a private profit and a public cost.”

-Ian McHarg

“This is the image of the anthropomorphic, anthropocentric man; he seeks not unity with nature, but conquest” -Ian McHarg

“Rural land persists around the metropolis, not because we have managed the land more wisely, but because it is larger, more resistant to a man’s smear, more resilient.”

-Ian McHarg

Perception of place plays an integral role in the development plans of a landscape. Planning must take into account not only the perception of the residents, but the tourists as well. An important step in the building of the current framework for regional planning in Tuscany is represented by the Regional Law 42/2000 which establishes that tourism has to be strategically promoted at the local scale through the agencies for tourist promotion set in the tourist local systems in co-ordination with the provinces. A wide range of other sectoral planning instruments developed in the planning include enhancing the quality of products, fostering environmental quality, increasing the quality of landscapes, as well as

the quality of life of the rural population.

In an analysis done for the region of Tuscany, it was observed that there is an opportunity for a complementary relationship between different tourist attractions and their locations and that Tuscany already has a strong foothold in agri-tourism with an integration between community and productive activities. Another strength of the region is its vast rural landscape, and McHarg points out that the rural landscape persists not because of wiser human management on the land, rather because it is larger. This is true to the Tuscany region, and the measures taken to maintain the quality of the landscape to ensure profitability not only in product but in

the attraction it has to draw in outsiders is key to maintaining the perception of the land for residents and tourists alike. A strategy Tuscany can utilize is one of Lyle’s planning strategies focusing on the balance between the rate of replenishment versus the rate of use in order to manage storage for greater sustainability.

Tuscany has implemented many strong policies to ensure the quality of its landscapes, but as with any planning strategy, especially a regenerative one, there is always room for improvement. The planning strategies of McHarg and Lyle would only further the progress in Tuscany’s sustainable land practices.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Italia

I

Terrain

taly is a unitary parliamentary republic in the southern regions of Europe. It is bordered by France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia. Closely linked to Italy are the islands off the southern coast, surrounded by the Mediterranean sea, Sicily and Sardinia.

P

opulation is spread throughout the country, but the most evident highest density of population are located in three specific locations.

In the north, we have Milan, on the western coast, we have Roma/Rome, and finally a small portion of the density is located off the southwest coast in Naples.

Population

Rural Slope

Suburban Slope

Urban Edge

Rural Alluvium

Suburban Alluvium A look at the regional landscape of the Tuscany and Province of Arezzo.

There is evidence of a wide connection of agricultural land surrounding the town of Castiglion Fiorentino

Oblique Map of

Transect

4

5 degree aerial view of the 5 transects runs along the hillside of the Valdicio in Castiglion Fiorentino. Here the change in topography lends itself nicely for panoramic views as well as providing opportunities for plenty of agricultural growth and development; Many areas are still rural outside of the main center of town. The transect moves in a clockwise position starting from the top of the hill and gradually works its way down the hillside. The first of the transects, Urban Edge, begins at the top of the hill and slowly makes its way into the second transect, Suburban Slope, that runs along a residential road.

From there the paved road continues into a less dense space that belongs to the third transect, Rural Slope.

Rural Slopes presents itself as a zone that can greatly utilize amazing views as well as become part of the main economic opportunities dealing with the soft grade of the hills. As the slope continues downhill, the transect diverges into the Rural Alluvium, where again there is very little development as well as creating opportunities for a gathering spaces. Finally the slope flattens out and again the transect reaches a low lying area where the housing properties start to reappear in the landscape.

Along the portion of the transect, the amount of traffic increases with evidence of higher vehicular movement.

History

of

Tucked between the cities of Arezzo and Cortona in the hills of Tuscany, Italy, lies Castiglion Fiorentino. Until recently, scholars said that the town was established in the late medieval era due to the overall infrastructure and architecture. Archaeological excavations would prove otherwise.

Recent excavations have dug up an old Etruscan wall underneath the Piazzale del Cassero as well as remains of an Etruscan temple below the church Sant’Angelo. This discovery now dates the town of Castiglion back to the 4th century B.C.

Documents record that there was a town named “Castiglione” under the feudal power of Marquis of Monte Santa Maria in the 10th century. In the 12th century the town became a part of the Diocese of Arezzo.

Castiglione was a free commune until the Battle of Campaldino in 1289 becoming a part of the Republic of Florence. This marked the beginning of the ongoing battle between Arezzo and the Florentines over the town of Castiglion.

Castiglion was won back from the Florentines by Arezzo and Siena and the town was dawned its name Castiglion Arentino under the Bishop Guido Tarlati, Lord of Arezzo. Castiglione Arentino remained until the death of the bishop in 1336.

The BEGINNING 4000 B.C. 1000-1200 1200-1300 1300-1336

Florence again had control of Castiglione from the death of the Bishop in 1336 until 1344 when it was taken over

by Perugia and renamed Castiglione Perugino.

In 1369 there was a revolt by the people and became the Papal States until 1384 when the Florentines once again took over power and gave Castiglione its current name, Castiglion Fiorentino.

The 15th century brought about many outbreaks of plagues to the town. The people of the town blamed the plague on the marshy areas that surrounded the town. The Sienese Army gained control of the region and held onto Castiglion until 1654 when the Grand Duchy of Tuscany took control.

Medici Grand Dukes ruled the city for the next two hundred years, transforming the Tuscan region, bringing in greater populations and creating the first bank. In 1765 the House of Lorraine took over power and increased the economic and population growth even further.

1800-1814 Castiglion was contained by Napoleon troops until the Congress of Vienna in 1815 when the town was given back to Tuscany until 1861. WWII caused much damage to the town center as well as its countryside.

Today, Castiglion consists of approximately 12,000 residents who make most of their living from agriculture and cattle ranching as well as pasta, sausage, and sugar factories. Since 1989, Santa Chiara Study Center has accommodated American students studying abroad.

1336-1400 1400-1654 1654-1800 1800-1900 C U R R E N T

Castiglion Fiorentino: Basic Stats The Basic demographics of Castiglion Fiorentino shown below represents an preliminary view of the city of Castiglion Fiorentino. Around 13,630 people currently reside in the city. Most are located in the newly developed housing in the Valdici. The average income of a resident in the city is 10,523 Euro. The average person is 43.5 Years Old with an average rate of 9.1% for newly born children.

In the rural areas of Tuscany like Castiglion Fiorentino, d ifferent modes o f transportation has been u sed. T he m ost widely used v ehicle is t he a utomobile, followed b y motorcycles, and privately owned t ransport goods vehicles. There has been an i ncrease in a utomobiles and privately owned v ehicles f or transporting goods.

Castiglion Fiorentino territory

13,630 People

5,165 es i l i m f Fa #O 43.5 Years Old m Age Mediu Birth Rate 9.1 %

demographics

Commercial Vehicles (2001-2010)

Averag e Incom e Pop ulat ion

10,523 Euro

Rate of Town Growth

Commercial vehicles i n town r ange from C argo T rucks, Semi-wheelers, Trailer Cargos, Special permit vehicles, Motorcycles (quadricycles), Trailers Semitrailers, and Tractor Trailer Trucks.

There also has been a steady increase in c ommercial vehicles w ith t he m ost abundant form of commercial vehicles being basic Cargo Trucks.

Non-Commercial Vehicles (2001-2010)

There has been a steady decrease in t own growth o ver the last 1 0 years with only a 0.2%.

Average Population

13630 There has been a general plateau o f the population in t own which can b e related to decrease in t own growth i n the more r ecent years.

12000

Birthrates in Castiglion Fiorentino

12 10 8 6

Within t he l ast 8 years the average birthrate has r anged between 7% and 11% while in 2010 the rate has been 9.1%.

Castiglion Fiorentino: Agritourism Statistics 12000 hectares taken up bio-agriculture hectares undergoing conversion

10000 8000 6000 4000

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Regional surface (hectares) employed for ordinary crops, bio-agriculture and undergoing conversion

NUMBER OF ORGANIC FARMS IN TUSCANY

Number of Italians/Tourists Interests in Tuscany (in millions) 2022 1700

Other Interests Country/Hills

1275

Spas

986 761

Sea-Side Mountains Art/Business 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

97’

98’

99’

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Ambiente + Tuscany Regionale Planning Policies: Advocating increased agritourism efforts within the Tuscan hillsides There has been a growing demand for tourism in Italy for its splendid historical establishments as well as its beautiful scenic landscapes. A growing trend for tourists h ave been t o travel Italy’s seaside t owns, b ut m ore importantly the Tuscany countryside.

As a result Italian residents have been researching w ays to i mprove and capitalize on t he i ncrease o f tourists arriving i nto small hillside towns like Castiglion Fiorentino, by improving the overall quality of their agriculture. This is w here o rganic agriculture m ethods come into play. An increasing number of p rivate f armers h ave taken to t he process of organic farming as a way of increasing p rofitability for their agritourism businesses.

Agritourism: Opportunities and Constraints, Potential Strengths and Weakness Strength Diffusion of rural areas Medium-high income Demographic growth in small and medium towns Rural landscape aesthetic Biodiversity and habitats Morphologic variety Integration between community and productive activities Complementarity between urban and rural systems High incidence of services as stabilizing factor vis-a-vis tourism Civicness and social cohesion Relatively low environmental impact of human activities Farms as territorial stewards Organic agriculture High incidence of forests and protected areas Widespread handcrafts Widespread farming Agri-tourism Public opinion sensitive to sustainable development issues

Weakness Low productivity High unemployment Unskilled labour Fragmentation of the filiere (Chains of species) Concentration of transformation and distribution Delocalization of agriculture-food industry Inadequate i nfrastructures and services in r ural areas Seasonal tourism Tourism concentrated on t he c oast t o cause detriment of the inner areas Ageing soils Small farm size Low investment in agriculture Few trademarks Low level of services in mountain areas Physical isolation of marginal areas

Opportunities Produce of high quality Growth of services sector, commerce and tourism Complementarity between d ifferent t ourist a ttractions and locations Important archaeological sites Multi-functionality of farms Multi-sectoriality of rural areas Increasing consumers awareness Valuable environmental and cultural heritage Typical food and produce

Threats Depopulation in marginal areas Fragility of the environment Structural lightness of the productive system Weak connections between urban systems Urban sprawling High incidence of second houses Erosion of soils Salinification of water Water depletion Decrease of UAS (genetic diversity) Decrease of agricultural and zoo-technical farms High impact of tourist concentration

Initial Observations

Slopes running along Piazza Garibaldi

of

Views from Santa Chiara/ Church

At the start of the site, we come across Urban Edge, a space that deals with both existing historical features as well as magnificent panoramic views of the Paessagio/Landscape. Careful attention should be put into maintaining the overall look and feel of this historical Etruscan/Roman settlement in the Tuscan hillside.

Calm Composed Seating for Viewing Castiglion Fiorentino

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evelopment within the site shows many large works of pointed nature. The main church next to the school of Santa Chiara cleanly showcases itself with a subtle backdrop of the landscape and environmental clouds.

At the center main bus terminal at Piazzale Garibaldi stands a massive 20+ Feet tall obelisk that shows remembrance to an early style of design. This Renaissance style work will lend itself nicely to design projects within the Urban Edge transect zone.

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Ch on p to of e th ll hi

Vespa along the main corso

Park view along Porto Fiorentino Core Urban Center Materiality and Path-work

Abandoned Road along the Urban Edge

Entrance with cars parked along the church road

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rban Edge presents itself as an excellent opportunity for views of the landscape/ Paessagio. Within the context of Etruscan settlement, the hard surfaces presents a nice contrast to the soft agricultural fields and stadiums presented out through the view of the center of town.

Initial Observations

of

Suburban slope, a transitional space that connects from the edge of the Urban Edge Transect and leads all the way down to the more rural portions of the next Transect.

Initial Observations

of

Rural slope, is a natural and varied space. While it can look uniform in the way the transect is setup, it is based on agricultural needs, but at the same time presents areas of amazing views out into the landscape eliciting from users as they walk by to be astounded by the sights and sounds of this zone.

Initial Observations

of

Bare and full of potential, Rural Alluvium presents an excellent opportunity to create many statements of creation and planning.

This transect has wide open views that provide excellent opportunities for public interaction and land art features.

Initial Observations

of

Suburban Alluvium is a combination of agricultural potential, but at the same time houses historical buildings and many new residential buildings. These structures will most likely stay in tact. Instead there are plenty of opportunities for users to walk through the transect and explore the many open ended roads that lead off into the distance.

Land Use Layers of land use planning as stated by the Tuscan Regional Planning

LANDLAND USE USE MAPMAP OF OF CASTIGLION CASTIGLIONFIORENTINO FIORENTINO AREASAREAS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE OUTSIDE URBANURBAN HISTORIC STRUCTURE HISTORIC STRUCTURE

CURRENT RESIDENTIALSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIAL OF CURRENTRESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AREASAREAS OF CURRENT GROWTH EXISTING PARKSAND ANDSPECIAL SPECIAL INTERESTS EXISTING PARKS INTERESTS OF RECOVERYININPLANNING PLANNING STRATEGY AREASAREAS OF RECOVERY STRATEGY OF AGRICULTURE AREASAREAS OF AGRICULTURE OF CAREOFOFSPECIAL SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREASAREAS OF CARE STRUCTURE OF CAREFOR FORURBAN URBAN SPACE AREASAREAS OF CARE SPACE OF CAREFOR FORTHE THE VILLA VILLA AREASAREAS OF CARE

LANDLAND USE USE MAPMAP OF OF CASTIGLION CASTIGLIONFIORENTINO FIORENTINO AREASAREAS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE OUTSIDE URBANURBAN HISTORIC STRUCTURE HISTORIC STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIALSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF CURRENTRESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AREAS OF CURRENT GROWTH EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS AREAS OF RECOVERYIN INPLANNING PLANNING STRATEGY AREAS OF RECOVERY STRATEGY AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF CARE SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE OFOF SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE FORURBAN URBAN SPACE AREAS OF CARE FOR SPACE AREAS OF CARE FORTHE THE VILLA VILLA AREAS OF CARE FOR

Mapping Urban Edge of

Inside Urban Edge Historic Structure Area Of Care For Urban Space Existing Parks Area of Care for Agriculture

LANDLAND USE USE MAPMAP OF OF CASTIGLION CASTIGLIONFIORENTINO FIORENTINO AREASAREAS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE OUTSIDE URBANURBAN HISTORIC STRUCTURE HISTORIC STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIALSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF CURRENTRESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AREAS OF CURRENT GROWTH EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS AREAS OF RECOVERYIN INPLANNING PLANNING STRATEGY AREAS OF RECOVERY STRATEGY AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF CARE SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE OFOF SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE FORURBAN URBAN SPACE AREAS OF CARE FOR SPACE AREAS OF CARE FORTHE THE VILLA VILLA AREAS OF CARE FOR

EDGE Breaking it D O W N There are four categories of land use within the Urban Edge that provide both opportunities and constraints in regards to planning strategies. The historic building that lay within the site boundaries provide a context for the site. The history of Castiglion is rich, and the historic buildings need to be preserved to maintain the identity of the site. Along with the historic building is the presence of existing parks, agriculture, and urban space, all of which need to be cared for. There is a contrast between the urban edge and adjacent landscape of Tuscany’s rolling hills and olive groves. The four categories of land use within the site provide an informative set of standards that should be utilized when creating programming on this specific site.

THE EDGE BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL REVEALS NEW PERCEPTIONS AND AWARENESS OF SPACE

Goals Creating an identity for the site through the use of Edge.

Playing on the edge of urban and rural, enhancing the existing structures of the site by creating a new perception and awareness of the juxtaposition between the urban edge and natural rural landscape of Tuscany.

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- Preserve the historical context of the site - Make a connection between the urban edge and the greenspace - Compliment the existing parks within the site - Maintain awareness of the existing agriculture

Mapping Suburban Slope of

Inside Suburban Slope

Historic Structure Area Of Care For Urban Space Current Residential Structures Area of Care for Agriculture

LANDLAND USE USE MAPMAP OF OF CASTIGLION CASTIGLIONFIORENTINO FIORENTINO AREASAREAS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE OUTSIDE URBANURBAN HISTORIC STRUCTURE HISTORIC STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIALSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF CURRENTRESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AREAS OF CURRENT GROWTH EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS AREAS OF RECOVERYIN INPLANNING PLANNING STRATEGY AREAS OF RECOVERY STRATEGY AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF CARE SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE OFOF SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE FORURBAN URBAN SPACE AREAS OF CARE FOR SPACE AREAS OF CARE FORTHE THE VILLA VILLA AREAS OF CARE FOR

LINKAGE Breaking It

USING THE PERCEPTUAL TO CONNECT RURAL AND URBAN SPACES INVITING MOTION

Objectives

D O W N

Maintain character of the suburban area Linking all land uses to one another Creating smooth transitions between each land type Facilitate a new perception throughout the site

Suburban slope deals with relationship between rural and urban. Within the site are four specific land use types: historic structure, area of care for urban, current residential structures, and area of care for agriculture. The layout of the transect is long an narrow covering distance which will need to be addressed.

Maintaining the character of both the urban and rural while enhancing the residential experience within the site.

The current residential structures on the site have unique character that is reinforced by the surrounding landscape the Ambiente of Tuscany. Maintaining the character of the residential sector is an integral part to keeping an identity for the transect. Linking all land uses on the site with smooth transitions is a key objective for the suburban slope. Using these four categories of land use, programming should work to compliment and enhance this transect while providing a new perception of the site.

Goal

Providing Linkage between the suburban and urban worlds. Making these links need to be facilitated by the movement throughout the space. Each land use will be addressed individually while keeping in mind its surrounding context. This will provide flawless movement throughout the space and create a new perception of the relationships between the land types.

Mapping Rural Slope of

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LANDLAND USE USE MAPMAP OF OF CASTIGLION CASTIGLIONFIORENTINO FIORENTINO AREASAREAS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE OUTSIDE URBANURBAN HISTORIC STRUCTURE HISTORIC STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIALSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF CURRENTRESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AREAS OF CURRENT GROWTH EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS AREAS OF RECOVERYIN INPLANNING PLANNING STRATEGY AREAS OF RECOVERY STRATEGY AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF CARE SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE OFOF SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE FORURBAN URBAN SPACE AREAS OF CARE FOR SPACE AREAS OF CARE FORTHE THE VILLA VILLA AREAS OF CARE FOR

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ECONOMY INCREASING PROFITABILITY OF AGRICULTURE THROUGH THE QUALITY OF SCENERY AND PRODUCTION

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The rural slope consists of a long stretch of land that deals with variations in land elevation. The site only includes two designated land uses: areas of care for the villa, and areas of care for agriculture. The area of care for the villa pertains to old structures that are still existing near the site but not within the confines of the site. Agriculture runs through the transect and is the major factor in any planning strategy for this space. Terraced levels of olive orchards dominate this transect. The utilization of the current land use for profitability for the Tuscany region is a main focus when programming development of the transect. While the transect is dominated by the agriculture, the villa and other structures within the site also need to be addressed. In order to make a profit off of the land certain measure need to be taken to ensure a quality product as well as sustainability in order to maintain the health of the land.

Objec

tives

Increase profit and quality of agriculture Provide opportunities for experiencing views Emphasize sustainable farming practices Address the existing structure on site

Goal Utilizing the existing landscape of Tuscany's olive orchards on the terraced hills to bring in a profit to the local community. Providing quality products through organic farming and sustainable practices will help to increase the output of production invariably creating a richer Economy for the region.

Mapping Rural Alluvium

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LANDLAND USE USE MAPMAP OF OF CASTIGLION CASTIGLIONFIORENTINO FIORENTINO AREASAREAS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE OUTSIDE URBANURBAN HISTORIC STRUCTURE HISTORIC STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIALSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF CURRENTRESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AREAS OF CURRENT GROWTH EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS AREAS OF RECOVERYIN INPLANNING PLANNING STRATEGY AREAS OF RECOVERY STRATEGY AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF CARE SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE OFOF SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE FORURBAN URBAN SPACE AREAS OF CARE FOR SPACE AREAS OF CARE FORTHE THE VILLA VILLA AREAS OF CARE FOR

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IDENTITY CREATING IDENTITY IN THE RURAL LANDSCAPE WHILE PROVIDING A CONNECTION WITH THE PEOPLE.

Objectives Create opportunities to experience the rural landscape Form a common identity between the people and the landscape Treat areas of recovery to maintain a sustainable landscape

Br ea k

in

DO g it W N

Utilize the historic context of the site to create a sense of place

The rural alluvium covers a broad area of land, and contains three defined land use types within the site: Areas for recovery in planning, areas of care for agriculture, and areas of care for the villa.

The transect consists of flat, unconsolidated ground and a great deal of agriculture. The focuses for this site need to be on the use of the land. Due to its flatness, it is easily accessible to most residents and any incoming tourists, providing an authentic Tuscan landscape without the intense rolling hills.

Providing places for people to interact with the land and form a common identity with the landscape. Areas of recovery need to be addressed in maintaining the identity and quality of the landscape while introducing new perspectives. The surrounding area of care for the villa can be utilized to enhance the experience.

Goal Using the accessibility of the landscape to draw in resident and visitors alike to experience the landscape of Tuscany. This can be accomplished through the opportunities provided by the rich landscape as well as focused treatment on the quality of the land. Using the historic context of the site will contribute to the identity of the rural landscape.

Mapping Suburban Alluvium of

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LANDLAND USE USE MAPMAP OF OF CASTIGLION CASTIGLIONFIORENTINO FIORENTINO AREASAREAS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE OUTSIDE URBANURBAN HISTORIC STRUCTURE HISTORIC STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIALSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE CURRENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF CURRENTRESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AREAS OF CURRENT GROWTH EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS EXISTING PARKS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS AREAS OF RECOVERYIN INPLANNING PLANNING STRATEGY AREAS OF RECOVERY STRATEGY AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF AGRICULTURE AREAS OF CARE SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE OFOF SPECIAL STRUCTURE AREAS OF CARE FORURBAN URBAN SPACE AREAS OF CARE FOR SPACE AREAS OF CARE FORTHE THE VILLA VILLA AREAS OF CARE FOR

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MOVEMENT UTILIZING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY TO MOVE THE USER THROUGH THE SPACE AND ENHANCE RURAL LANDSCAPE

Breaking it D O W N The suburban alluvium contains the widest spread of lad use categories which include: historic structure, current residential structure, areas of recovery in planning, areas of development outside urban, areas of care for special structure, and areas of care for agriculture. The transect covers a large space and runs alongside a residential road. The road provides the opportunity for movement throughout the space, both vehicular and alternative transportation.

The majority of the transect is residential housing combined with agriculture. Focus needs to be put on the way in which people experience the space as they move through.

The surrounding historic and special structures provide opportunity to enhance the experience for the user through their glorification.

Goal

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s e tiv

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Create innovative ways for people to move through the space Enhance the experience through the use of important structures Provide experiential routes for alternative transportation

Make users aware of the importance of existing agriculture

The focus is on the residential user, one who experiences the landscape on a daily basis. Creating innovative ways for the user to experience the landscape through the use of technology and alternative ways of moving through the space. The enhanced experience of the "new" rural landscape that the user is moved through will create a new sense of place perceptually.

1 2

Inductive

3 4 5

Deductive

Legend

Sculptural Inspiration

L

and art has become a wide spread movement of morphing the landscape within a context of space. Taking sculptures and expanding them it to a larger form of design, artists from around the world have used inductive or deductive methods of creating such land art. In one way, artists can choose to ignore the chosen site and develop a piece based on visual effect.

On the other hand, artists can choose to take a chosen site and include various site-specific problems and encourage new ways of seeing space. Taking a look at various samples, this case study provides an insight into what the 4th year undergrads may use for their designs solutions; The transect would do well to incorporate more land art sculptures as to increase the intrigue and establish more visual attractions for trekking through the transect.

KevinYuan

VillaCelle

KatieRussell

Programming Urban Edge

the alluvium that interacts and incorporates meaning within the 1. Create infographic diagramming the history of Castiglion Fioren- landscape. tino and the Province of Arezzo within the context of the Valdichio. 3. Develop area of views for the land art sculpture park.

2. Utilizing the open edges by the children’s playground for viewing platforms.

Suburban Alluvium 3. Start developing pavement that is similar to that of the main town 1. Preserve Historical Church/Catholic Building center to incorporate more of a historical feel leading into the next 2. Develop new bike and pedestrian friendly paths alongside the transect. transect road, thus giving users more options to ride along the transect.

3. Create more awareness and clear views within the intersection Suburban Edge 1. Develop vehicular pavement that is similar to that of the town cen- of main vehicular intersection of this transect. ter thus allowing a nice transition between the two spaces.

2. Creating viewing platforms that allows for views of the Olive Trees

Rural Edge 1. Allocate existing landscape viable for sustainable agriculture.

2. Create elevated viewing platforms which allows for a different perspective on the Olive groves and overall Paessagio.

Rural Alluvium

1. Preserve area of recovery as stated in the Tuscany Regional Planning Documents.

2. Create a park that allows for land art to be incorporated within

Legend Existing Park (Children Park) + Garden Bar Area for views Start of Pavement Integration Potential for Glow in the Dark Installation Flow of Pedestrian Movement

Urban Edge

Legend Existing historical residential buildings in need of preservation Area for views Potential for Pavement Integration Flow of Pedestrian Movement

Suburban Slope

Legend Area for views

Area of potential sustainable/ organic agriculture Flow of Pedestrian Movement

Rural Slope

Legend Area stated as recovery planning Area for views Area recommended for Land Art Flow of Pedestrian Movement

Rural Alluvium

Legend Existing Church/Historic Building Recommended paths of new pedestrian/bike paths Area of Pedestrian/Automobile Safety, increasing views Flow of Pedestrian Movement

Suburban Alluvium