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Navy Cyber Launches Updated Strategic Plan U.S. 10th Fleet (FCC/C10F) released its updated strategic plan on May 6, during a media roundtable at the Pentagon.

Vice Admiral Jan E. Tighe, commander, FCC/C10F, met with members of the media to discuss the plan and the Navy’s way forward in the cyberspace domain.

“A lot of work had been done since our inception in 2010 and the world has changed—gotten a lot more dangerous. The cyberspace domain is changing on a daily basis,” said Tighe in explaining the reason for the update.

“First and foremost [the plan is] a way to organize our misVice Admiral Jan Tighe, commander of U.S. Fleet Cyber Command/U.S. Tenth Fleet, hosts a media roundtable in the Pentagon to discuss the sion and to begin to measure Navy cyber command's recent strategy update. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass if we’re making sufficient progCommunication Specialist 2nd Class George M. Bell) ress in each of our goal areas.”

Tighe outlined her five strategic on the overall Information Dominance goals: operate the network as a warStrategy. fighting platform, conduct tailored The commissioning of U.S. Fleet signals intelligence, deliver warfightCyber Command and reestablishment ing effects through cyberspace, create of U.S. 10th Fleet on January 29, 2010, shared cyber situational awareness and closely followed the Navy’s 2009 acestablish and mature the Navy’s Cyber knowledgement of information's centralMission Force. ity to maritime warfighting, known as “Also, internal to the Navy, we’ve just Information Dominance. had the release of the updated maritime Information Dominance is defined as strategy [Cooperative Strategy for 21st the operational advantage gained from Century Seapower], which has significant fully integrating the Navy’s information implication for us, as it pertains to ‘all functions, capabilities and resources to domain access’ and our role across the optimize decision making and maximize Fleet Cyber Command operational miswarfighting effects. The three pillars sion sets,” Tighe said. of Information Dominance are assured All domain access and specifically command and control (C2), battlespace ensuring access to space, cyberspace awareness and integrated fires. and the electromagnetic spectrum is a Fleet Cyber Command is a key operakey element in how FCC/C10F fits into tional command in delivering on missions the overall Navy plan, and actually builds across those three pillars.

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Plus:

• Kearsarge Group Conducts PMINT • Final Flight of P-3C Orion

Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DoD Spends Its Contracting Dollars Moshe Schwartz Specialist in Defense Acquisition Wendy Ginsberg Analyst in American National Government John F. Sargent Jr. Specialist in Science and Technology Policy When Congress appropriates money, it provides budget authority—the authority to enter into obligations. Obligations occur when agencies enter into contracts, submit purchase orders, employ personnel or otherwise legally commit to spending money. Outlays occur when obligations are liquidated (primarily through the issuance of checks, electronic fund transfers or the disbursement of cash).

In FY2014, the U.S. federal government obligated $445 billion for contracts for the acquisition of goods, services and research and development. The $445 billion obligated on contracts was equal to approximately 13 percent of FY2014 federal budget outlays of $3.5 trillion. As noted in Figure 1, in FY2014, DoD obligated more money on federal contracts ($284 billion) than all other federal agencies combined. DoD’s obligations were equal to 8 percent of federal spending.

From FY2000 to FY2014, adjusted for inflation (FY2015 dollars), DoD contract obligations increased from $189 billion to $290 billion. However, the increase in spending has not been steady. Over the last 15 years, DoD contracting has been marked by a steep increase in obligations from FY2000 to FY2008 ($260 billion; 138 percent), followed by a Continued On pAGE 12 ➥

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May 12, 2015

Table of Contents Editorial Editor

Jonathan Magin jonathanm@kmimediagroup.com Managing Editor

Harrison Donnelly harrisond@kmimediagroup.com Copy Editor

Kevin Harris kevinh@kmimediagroup.com Correspondents

Navy Cyber Launches Updated Strategic Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DoD Spends Its Contracting Dollars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Singaporean, Malaysian and Indonesian Navies Meet With U.S. 7th Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Navy Ends Mission Escorting U.S.-Flagged Ships in Strait of Hormuz . . . . . . . . . . . .4

J.B. Bissell • Kasey Chisholm • Catherine Day Michael Frigand • Nora McGann

Team Carl Vinson Reaches 10,000th Launch, Recovery Milestone . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Art & Design

Kearsarge Amphibious Ready Group Conducts PMINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Art Director

Final Flight of the East Coast P-3C Orion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

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Quad Cities Kicks Off Navy Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

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Air Weapons Systems Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

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Forward Deployed Energy and Communications Outpost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

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Subscribers to Navy Air/Sea receive exclusive weekly content. This week’s exclusive content includes: • A report about a new polymer resin licensed for commercial use by the Naval Research Laboratory. According to one of its inventors, the resin exhibits “superior flame-resistant, high-temperature and low-water-absorption properties that do not exist in the current marketplace.”

• An article about Electronic Attack Squadron 139, which held an airborne change of command ceremony on May 3 aboard the USS Carl Vinson

Calendar of Events May 20-21, 2015 AFCEA Spring Intelligence Symposium Springfield, VA www.afcea.org/mission/intel

| May 12, 2015 | Navy News Weekly | www.navy-kmi.com

June 23-25, 2015 Mega Rust Newport News, Va. www.navalengineers.org

Singaporean, Malaysian and Indonesian Navies Meet With U.S. 7th Fleet Senior navy leaders from the U.S. 7th Fleet, Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN), Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) and the Indonesian Navy (TNI) met for a professional exchange of ideas in a variety of technical and operational topics aboard the U.S. 7th Fleet flagship USS Blue Ridge (LCC 19) on May 4 and 6.

The U.S. 7th Fleet staff first met with Singaporean navy subject-matter experts for a day of discussions, or “staff talks,” that included professional dialogue between the two staffs and were designed to share knowledge and develop methodologies for joint responses to any contingency within IndoAsia-Pacific region.

The talks provided a platform for partnered navies’ senior leaders and subject-matter experts to meet and discuss different aspects of their mission objectives and their responsibilities.

The exchange included discussions of opportunities for increased multilateral engagements, exercises and information sharing to improve maritime domain awareness, crisis response and antipiracy operations.

“The RSN possess advanced warfighting capability, an extremely professional naval force and is a maritime leader in South East Asia. The U.S. 7th Fleet places great value on the highlevel training that is conducted annually with the RSN and seeks to continue to advance our relationship by increasing the complexity of our at sea exercises,” said U.S. Navy Lieutenant Terrell Radford, U.S. 7th Fleet theater security cooperation desk officer for Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. “Operationallevel discussions of this nature with the RSN not only offer us a forum to come together to develop ideas, but also allows us to simultaneously give those ideas roots and traction. Continued interaction in this capacity will allow us to realize the shared vision for our relationship.”

The U.S. 7th Fleet and Republic of Singapore Navy talks were followed two days later with a first-of-its-kind

multilateral “roundtable” discussion between senior leaders from the U.S. 7th Fleet, Indonesian, Malaysian and Singaporean navies. U.S. Navy Vice Admiral Robert L. Thomas Jr., commander, U.S 7th Fleet; Singaporean Colonel Chuen Hong Lew, commander, Republic of Singapore Fleet; Indonesian Rear Admiral Darwanto S.H., Tentara Nasional Indonesia Eastern Fleet; and Malaysian Rear Admiral Dato’ Pahlawan Mior Rosdi, chief of staff for operations and exercises, Royal Malaysian Navy; and their staffs engaged face to face to discuss the important issues in the region and how the allied navies can increase theater security cooperation by facilitating bilateral and multilateral military interactions.

“The staff talks and the multilateral roundtable were a big success,” said

Radford. “Officers from all staffs brought renewed dedication and enthusiasm to the discussions, which prompted meaningful dialogue and laid the groundwork for future expansion of the relationship between our navies.”

The two-day visit ended with a reception aboard Blue Ridge with all four navies in participation and served as an opportunity for the U.S. 7th Fleet and the regional neighbors to speak to one another in a relaxed atmosphere further building on the close relationship in the region.

Blue Ridge and embarked staff are in Singapore conducting a port visit to build naval partnerships with the navies of Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia to ensure peace and prosperity for the entire region.

www.navy-kmi.com | Navy News Weekly | May 12, 2015 |

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Navy Ends Mission Escorting U.S.-Flagged Ships in Strait of Hormuz Ships from U.S. Naval Forces Central Command in Bahrain are no longer accompanying U.S.-flagged maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, Defense Department officials said.

Sufficient U.S. naval forces were assigned to the command to meet the requirements of the accompanying mission, officials said, adding that Navcent coordinated with shipping-industry representatives to ensure the operations went smoothly and efficiently.

The mission, which concluded on May 6, was prompted by two incidents in the Strait of Hormuz in which Iranian navy patrol vessels harassed commercial motor vessels traversing the strait.

On April 24, four Iranian patrol boats approached the U.S.-flagged merchant ship Maersk Kensington, Pentagon spokesman Army Colonel Steve Warren said during an April 29 briefing.

First Incident “The boats came astern of the Kensington and followed her for 15 or 20 minutes in actions that the Kensington’s master interpreted as aggressive,” he added.

There was no U.S. military involvement at the time, but after the incident, the ship’s master filed a report with Navcent, Warren said.

“It’s difficult to know exactly why the Iranians are operating this way,” Warren said. “We certainly call on them to respect all the internationally established rules of freedom of navigation, the law of the sea to which they are a signatory, and other established protocols.”

Then on April 28 at about 2:05 a.m. EST, Iranian patrol vessels approached the M/V Maersk Tigris, a Marshall Islands-flagged cargo vessel, Warren said in a briefing that day.

Maersk Tigris The Republic of the Marshall Islands is a sovereign nation for which the United States has full authority and responsibility for security and defense under the terms of an amended security compact that entered into force in 2004.

The United States and the Marshall Islands have full diplomatic relations, according to the U.S. State Department, and the security compact between the two nations includes matters related to vessels flying the Marshallese flag.

The Maersk Tigris was in Iranian territorial waters that also contain internationally recognized commercial shipping lanes, Warren said, adding that the Strait of Hormuz is in Iranian territorial waters, which is within 12 miles of the Iranian coast. But because the narrow strait is recognized as containing international shipping lanes, he added, the principle of “innocent passage” is applied, so ships that abide by international rules of the sea are authorized to pass through the strait.

Innocent Passage Warren said no Americans are among the 30 or so people aboard the Maersk Tigris.

The Tigris was transiting inbound, or north, in the Strait of Hormuz, between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the Arabian Sea. The strait is one of the world’s major strategic choke points, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

“The ship’s master was contacted [by one of the Iranian ships] and directed to proceed further into Iranian territorial waters,” Warren said

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| May 12, 2015 | Navy News Weekly | www.navy-kmi.com

during an April 28 briefing. “He declined, and one of the [Iranian] craft fired shots across the bridge of the Maersk Tigris.”

Afterward, the master complied with the Iranian demand and motored into Iranian waters near Larak Island, Warren said. Larak Island is off the coast of Iran in the Persian Gulf. The master then issued a distress call.

Boarding the Tigris Warren said initial reports indicated that members of the Iranian navy had boarded the Tigris. Navcent, having picked up the distress signal, directed the USS Farragut, an Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer, to proceed to the nearest location to the Maersk Tigris, Warren said. Navcent also directed a Navy maritime patrol and reconnaissance aircraft to observe the interaction between the Maersk vessel and the Iranian craft, he added.

The Tigris’s destination, according to a marine-traffic website, was Jebel Ali, a port town 22 miles southwest of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.

Maritime Security Operations During an April 29 briefing, Warren said the USS Farragut was operating along with three U.S. Navy Cyclone-class coastal patrol ships—the USS Typhoon, the USS Thunderbolt and the USS Firebolt—all stationed in Manama, Bahrain.

The ships are conducting maritime security operations, maintaining continual U.S. presence and supporting the monitoring of the Maersk Tigris, which is at anchor near Larak Island and Bandar Abbas, he said.

“As is always the case, these assets give commanders options,” Warren said, adding that the U.S. government is in discussions with the Marshall Islands on the way ahead.

Warren said the Navy ships’ mission is to conduct maritime security operations, “but what they’re doing is keeping an eye on things.”

Traversing the Strait All of the ships are operating in the Persian Gulf, in the Strait of Hormuz, near where the Maersk Tigris incident occurred, he added. They are close enough to the Maersk Tigris, Warren said, “that they’ll be able to respond if a response is required.”

“Two [incidents] within four or five days has certainly created a situation where maritime cargo vessels presumably would have to consider the risks of traversing that strait,” he added.

Warren said that Iran’s motive is not clear to the Defense Department, and that DoD is not in contact with the Iranian government.

Team Carl Vinson Reaches 10,000th Launch, Recovery Milestone The aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) and embarked Carrier Air Wing (CVW) 17 recently launched and recovered the 10,000th aircraft of the current deployment.

An Airborne Early Warning Squadron (VAW) 116 “Sun Kings” E-2 Hawkeye completed the 10,000th launch; a Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 81 “Sun Liners” F/A-18F completed the 10,000th arrested landing.

“Ten thousand launches and arrested recoveries is a significant milestone for this crew,” said Captain Karl Thomas, Carl Vinson’s commanding officer.

“What is truly amazing is the full availability of four catapults and four arresting wires every day for the duration of an extended deployment. It was truly a great job by all involved.”

Thomas also expressed his gratitude to the pilots and sailors assigned to CVW 17 during a daily 1MC announcement to the crew.

“The ship and air wing mission go hand in hand,” said Thomas. “We can’t get 10,000 traps without the air wing involved. The coordinated efforts of the ship and air wing are what made this milestone possible. It’s not just air department; it’s navigation, it’s reactor, engineering and supply; you name the department, everyone had a part in what we did to make this happen.”

Carl Vinson is operating in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations supporting maritime security operations and theater security cooperation efforts in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region.

Kearsarge Amphibious Ready Group Conducts PMINT Amphibious Squadron (PHIBRON) 4 and the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) began PHIBRON-MEU Integrated Training (PMINT) May 4 off the northeast coast of the United States.

During PMINT, more than 1,800 sailors from amphibious assault ship USS Kearsarge (LHD 3), dock landing ship USS Oak Hill (LSD 51) and amphibious transport dock USS Arlington (LPD 24), along with 1,400 marines

from the 26th MEU, integrate for the first time to complete a series of exercises designed to enhance interoperability between the sailors and marines.

“We’ve done a lot of Navy planning prior to this exercise, but we’ve had to make assumptions about what the MEU wants and needs,” said Commander Gregory Chapman, Kearsarge operations officer. “During PMINT, this is the first time we can really get the MEU engaged

into the planning and execution process while embarked aboard the ships.”

PMINT is a three-phase evolution that tests the Kearsarge Amphibious Ready Group (KSGARG) to embark the MEU personnel and conduct integrated warfighting operations through a series of planning exercises, surface gunnery and communication scenarios and air-defense exercises. KSGARG is commanded

by Captain Augustus P. Bennett, commodore, PHIBRON 4.

“As I like to think of it, each of the units has already done their individual workouts and preparations,” Chapman said. “PMINT is our ‘spring training.’ It’s the first time we’re coming together to train as a team. We’ve done the position drills, and now we can start concentrating on a bigger picture.”

The exercise is the first of the three major joint milestones in preparation for the group’s upcoming deployment.

“After PMINT, we’ll move onto the ARG/ MEU exercise and then to COMPTUEX (Composite Training Unit Exercise),” Chapman added. “That’s where we’ll start playing our ‘preseason games,’ before we kick off the regular season on the day we deploy.”

The KSGARG is scheduled to deploy in fall 2015.

www.navy-kmi.com | Navy News Weekly | May 12, 2015 |

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Final Flight of the East Coast P-3C Orion The Patrol Squadron (VP) 26 “Tridents,” based out of Naval Air Station Jacksonville, are currently conducting missions in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of operations. This is the Navy’s final active duty deployment of the P-3C Orion aircraft from the East Coast.

The Navy is in the process of replacing the decades-old Lockheed Martin P-3C turbo-prop aircraft with the new multimission maritime aircraft P-8A Poseidon, a modified Boeing 737-800ERX. Historic events aren’t new to the Tridents.

VP-26 was the Navy’s first operational P-3 squadron when they received the first production of the P-3B, which replaced the P2-V Neptune in January 1966. Then, in 1979, VP-26 transitioned to the P-3C aircraft used today.

“It’s incredible and it means being a part of history,” said Lieutenant Cory Solis, tactical coordinator assigned to VP-26. “The plane has been a fighting force for the Navy for so long and we’re still able to employ it. We can still count on her to get up in the air and be vital part of something like what we are doing now in the Middle East.”

Even in the final missions of the P-3C flights, VP-26 continues to work with joint and coalition forces in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of operations. During this deployment, VP-26 has worked with British and French naval vessels and successfully executed combined operations with the Bahraini Coast Guard.

Today’s P-3 is equipped with the latest Command, Control, Communications and Computer (C4) technologies to enable it to integrate with other forces and to facilitate network-centric warfare. The P-8 is designed to take these capabilities to the next level.

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“The P-3 is an icon of Cold War anti-submarine warfare, and it has proved extremely flexible, adapting to meet a variety of missions assigned by forward fleet commanders in the 25 years since,” said Commander Gregory A. Smith, commanding officer, VP-26.

Transition to a new aircraft goes beyond utilizing the physical capabilities of the aircraft and its technology.

“This flexibility is one of the hallmarks of U.S. Naval service; however, it is not the airframe that provides this flexibility,” Smith said. “It is the people. The same people who are making P-3s succeed on station will be the ones who make the P-8 succeed on station.

The airframe will change, but the culture and legacy of excellence in maritime patrol and reconnaissance will remain.”

Orion Personnel are already preparing for the road ahead. Sailors will have to adjust, retrain and in some cases, find a different career path in the Navy.

“My training is P-3 specific and there’s not actually a spot for the in-flight technician in the P-8,” said Naval Aircrewman (Avionics) 2nd Class John McDaniel, in-flight technician assigned to VP-26. “So, I will be switching platforms. I will be going to the EA-6B Prowler and will have to attend another “A” school. I have been with P-3s for five years.

I feel pretty good and feel it’s time to do something new.”

All maintenance sailors will be required to attend the P-8 general familiarization course, which is between five to 10 days. They will also be required to attend P-8 rate training.

Upon completion, they will be assigned to Fleet Replacement Squadron, VP-30, in Jacksonville,

| May 12, 2015 | Navy News Weekly | www.navy-kmi.com

and work in their rating specific area to become qualified collateral duty inspectors (CDI) and plane captains on the P-8 for approximately six months.

All current VP-26 operators (aircrew) identified for transition will return home and complete Category II training at VP-30, which lasts approximately six months. Upon completion of training, they will receive their new respective navy enlisted codes (NEC) and begin their first P-8 inter-deployment readiness cycle.

“You either ride the waves of change or drown beneath them,” said Command Master Chief James B. Daniels Jr., command master chief, VP-26. “The point is change is going to happen whether you like it or not. The P-8 is a new, more capable aircraft, and as we did with the P-3, we will maximize the use of it to further the Navy’s mission.”

The new P-8 aircraft is expected to arrive in Bahrain in approximately one year.

“I am extremely proud of what the men and women of VP-26 do every day,” said Smith.

“They make complex and challenging evolutions seem routine. We don’t set out every day to make history; we set out to do the little things the right way, the first time, to the best of our ability. Being a part of a ‘first’ or a ‘last’ makes it sound more special, but what is really special is the way Team Trident works together to overcome a challenge or rallies behind a shipmate who needs extra support. To me the last (P-3) deployment from the East Coast will always imply the additional work and sacrifices required to do more with less, and meeting mission in spite of those challenges; the way VP-26 has always done before.”

Quad Cities Kicks Off Navy Week Quad Cities Navy Week kicked off May 4 with a science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) presentation by USS Constitution and Explosive Ordnance Disposal Training and Evaluation Unit (EODTEU) 1 sailors at the Putnam Museum in Davenport, Iowa, and United Township High School in East Moline, Ill. Other events that took place May 4 included sailors from the guided-missile destroyer USS The Sullivans (DDG 68)—Iowa’s namesake ship, named to honor five brothers from Waterloo, Iowa, who served together aboard USS Juneu during World War II and lost their lives during the Battle of Guadalcanal— volunteering with Living Lands and Waters in Hampton, Ill., and U.S. Navy Band Great Lakes performing at the River Music Experience in Davenport.

In commemoration of the Navy Reserve Centennial and in celebration of Navy Week, Navy Band Great Lakes will be performing at Schweibert Park, Rock Island, Ill. Wednesday at 6:00 p.m. followed by a joint proclamation from area mayors and county representatives and recognition of local reserve sailors with Navy Operational Support Center Rock Island. The event will also include robot demonstrations

by EODTEU-1 and color guard presentation by USS Constitution sailors.

“The Midwest doesn’t get to see much of what the Navy does, so this Navy Week is a great way to bring sailors who can interact with the locals and teach them the missions of the Navy and what the Navy really does,” said Sam Kupresin, a retired Navy rear admiral and a leader in the Quad Cities community.

The Navy Week program is designed to raise awareness

about the Navy in areas that traditionally do not have a naval presence and include community relations projects, speaking engagements and media interviews with flag hosts and area sailors.

“The outstanding support and patriotism from the Quad Cities community, as well as our many assets that are taking time out of their schedules to showcase their skills and teamwork, will make this Navy Week a successful one,” said Lieutenant Commander Tim Page, Navy Office of Community Outreach Event Planning department head and the lead planner for Quad Cities Navy Week.

Iowa native Rear Admiral Michael T. Franken, director, Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency, will serve as the senior Navy representative during the Navy Week and will participate in various events throughout the week including morning

television talk shows and meetings with corporate executives, civic groups, veterans organizations, educators, government officials and community leaders.

“I think there are several benefits that this Navy Week will have on our community,” said Jason Gordon, vice president of public affairs for Quad Cities Chamber of Commerce.

“It serves as a reminder of just how much the U.S. Navy does for our country and the world.

It isn’t just ships and aircraft carriers, although those functions are critically important to our nation’s security. The Navy’s operations and capabilities are many and quite diverse, and I suspect some people may not realize that fact.”

Navy Week will feature an array of sailors and equipment to showcase the Navy’s capabilities and missions to the public. The Quad Cities Air Show, which features the U.S. Navy flight demonstration squadron, the Blue Angels, will be held Saturday and Sunday, and U.S. Navy Band Great Lakes will be performing at various locations throughout the week.

Others include sailors from USS The Sullivans; the Navy’s STEM Tour interactive display; robotics demonstrations by EODTEU-1; and “Forest to Frigates” presentations by sailors from USS Constitution (the world’s oldest commissioned warship afloat.)

“Our band will work to be a positive reflection of the U.S. Navy in the Quad Cities during the tour with us embodying the honor, courage and commitment that makes our Navy so great,” said Musician 3rd Class Jake Stith, guitarist for Navy Band Great Lakes.

www.navy-kmi.com | Navy News Weekly | May 12, 2015 |

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Air Weapons Systems Analysis The Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) intends to competitively procure as a total small business set-aside, a cost-plus-fixed fee (CPFF) indefinite delivery indefinite quantity (IDIQ) type contract, to a single awardee for air weapons systems survivability analysis, systems safety analysis, and modeling and simulation verification, validation and accreditation support.

The research and development services to be obtained under this procurement will be for: (1) model and simulation (M&S) verification, validation and accreditation (VV&A); (2) vulnerability analysis; (3) assessment of M&S

VV&A-related products and processes; (4) survivability analysis; (5) susceptibility analysis; (6) assessment of test results on survivability estimates including proposed design changes to enhance survivability; (7) systems safety support; (8) lethality analysis; (9) analytical and test data acquisition and reduction; (10) assessment of analytical estimates; (11) simulation development, enhancement, operation, configuration management, maintenance and related support; (12) test planning and reporting for ballistic systems tests; (13) test and analytical data review, (14) test planning and reporting for susceptibility tests; (15)

mission effectiveness analysis; (16) air-vehicle battle damage repair analysis; (17) cost-andoperational effectiveness analysis; and (18) analysis of alternatives studies. It is anticipated the majority of the work will be performed at the contractor's site. A minimum of one (1) task order will be ordered, and the contract is anticipated to be 62,040 hours over a five-year period of performance.

Award is anticipated to be on or approximately Sept. 31, 2015.

Primary Point of Contact: Jessica Rodriguez, jessica.r.rodriguez1@navy.mil, (760) 939-3974

Forward Deployed Energy and Communications Outpost Forward Deployed Energy and Communications Outpost (FDECO) will prototype a forward deployed, open, scalable and coordinated undersea energy replenishment, data management and communications infrastructure (EDCI) for undersea vehicles and sensors.

For this purpose, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) will be holding an industry outreach event on Monday, May 18, 2015, at 9:00 a.m. at One Liberty Center, Office of Naval Research, 875 N. Randolph Street, 14th Floor (Bobby Junker ECC), Arlington, Va., 22203. The purpose of this event is to

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inform industry about areas of research to support development of the forward deployed energy and communications outposts’ innovative naval prototype (FDECO INP).

Details concerning registration for this event are available at the following website: https://www.onlineregistrationcenter.com/ FDECOIndustryDay. (Note: The website will close at 5:00 p.m. EST, Thursday, May 14, 2015) Meeting Classification Level: SECRET NOFORN. SECRET Clearances and U.S. citizenship are required for attendance. Space

| May 12, 2015 | Navy News Weekly | www.navy-kmi.com

is limited. Each company/organization will be limited to two personnel.

Points of Contact: Government Technical: Eric Hendricks, FDECO Deputy Project Manager, ( 703) 696-4328; eric.hendricks@navy.mil Technical Program Support: Todd Brunori ONR321MS, (703) 696-6598; todd.j.brunori.ctr@navy.mil Contractual POC: Chris Williamson, (703) 696-6774, chris.r.williamson@navy.mil

V-22 Supply Forecasting and Maintenance Readiness Training

C-40A Training Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD) has a requirement to support the Navy’s Command Aircraft Crew Training (CACT) program for the maintenance academic and maintenance simulator training on the C-40A. This acquisition is necessary to facilitate practical training and repair application on general aircraft systems with focus on C-40A (Boeing 737-700C IGW) airframe, power plant systems and electrical/avionics systems in the C-40A fleet. Each of the C-40A maintenance training courses shall be capable of meeting Air Transport Association (ATA) Specification 104 Level II or higher criteria.

The C-40A Maintenance Training course shall be capable of meeting ATA Specification 104 Level II or higher criteria.

The contractor shall provide C-40A specific individual courses to include: • • • • • • • •

Maintenance Training Standard Course Mobile Maintenance Training Standard Course Aircraft Rigging Maintenance Course CFM56-7 Removal/Installation Course CFM56-7 Line Maintenance Course CFM56-7 Flight Line Troubleshooting FWD Air Stairs Course AFT Air Stairs Course

The request for proposal is estimated for release in August 2015 with an award to follow in January 2016.

Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) has announced its intention to issue a modification to contract N00019-09-D-0008 with Bell-Boeing Joint Program Office on a sole-source basis to procure supply forecasting and maintenance readiness training (MRT) team support under the V-22 Joint Performance-Based Logistics (JPBL) program.

This acquisition is being pursued on a solesource basis under the statutory authority of 10 U.S.C. 2304(c)(1), as implemented by Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) 6.302-1, only one responsible source and no other supplies or services with satisfy agency requirements.

Bell-Boeing is the sole designer, developer and producer of the V-22 tilt rotor aircraft and is the only known source that possesses the engineering data, technical skills and requisite knowledge of the design, fabrication, performance, operation and maintenance and support characteristics of the aircraft.

For subcontracting opportunities, contact Ralph D’Lorio at (610) 591-9157, ralph.b.d'lorio@boeing.com and Matthew Sticksel at (817) 280-3103, msticksel@bh.com.

Point of Contact: Kelly Stevens, (407) 380-4143

Primary Point of Contact: Steven Preston, steven.j.preston@navy.mil, (301) 757-1993

www.navy-kmi.com | Navy News Weekly | May 12, 2015 |

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SSC Pacific Transmission Security PEO C4I PMW 130 is responsible for the acquisition, integration, delivery and support of cryptographic and key management efforts, including modernization of cryptographic devices. SSC Pacific is the Navy’s premier research, development, test and evaluation laboratory for command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR). SPAWAR Systems Center (SSC) Pacific provides complete life cycle development and support for military C4ISR systems—from concept to fielded capability. SSC Pacific is one of two major systems centers reporting directly to the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. SSC Pacific laboratories, test beds and simulated operational environments offer working environments unachievable elsewhere.

SSC Pacific in support of the Program Executive Office, Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence (PEO C4I), Information Assurance and Cyber Security Program Office (PMW 130), is seeking information on development and production of a cryptographic module to provide transmission security (TRANSEC) for the TD-1271 and KGV-11 legacy systems.

The government objective is to obtain a replacement cryptographic module that provides TRANSEC capabilities using a modern algorithm interfacing to a legacy host device—the TD-1271 UHF DAMA modem the module must support Suite B algorithms and protect Secret data (threshold)

and future Top Secret (objective). The core technology should be upgradeable for other UHF DAMA and Integrated Waveform applications.

Primary Point of Contact: Diana Dressler, diana.dressler@navy.mil, (619) 553-4345

T-45 Aircraft Engineering, Information Management Support The Fleet Readiness Center Southeast (FRCSE) Jacksonville, Fla., is tasked with providing engineering, logistics, information management and other support, including systems development and maintenance, to the following locations: Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), Program Manager (Air) PMA-273, Lexington Park, Md., Chief of Naval Air Training (CNATRA) in Corpus Christi, Texas; NAS Kingsville, Texas, NAS Pensacola, Fla., NAS Whiting Field, Fla., NAS Meridian, Miss., and NAS Patuxent River, Md. Support is provided for the T-45 Goshawk aircraft and other trainer aircraft such as the T-44 PEGASUS, T-6 Texan, T-34 and TH57, their systems and components and trainer aircraft data systems.

To this end, the Navy has issued a performance work statement (PWS) providing the baseline for T-45 aircraft engineering, information management support, including systems development and maintenance in support of the CNATRA fleet support team at FRCSE Jacksonville. This contract will include, but is not limited to, aircraft structural component strength analysis, aircraft systems engineering program and process analysis and computer systems engineering, computer programming and information security assurance in support of the Goshawk Network (GOSNet).

The successful contractor shall provide technically qualified personnel to perform aircraft system engineering, information management, analysis and related services in support of this effort. The

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contractor shall provide direct support to the Navy T-45 fleet support team (FST) located in Jacksonville at the Cecil Commerce Center. The contractor’s engineering support will assist the T-45 FST in structural analysis to develop T-45 aircraft repairs and other analyses for fatigue life evaluation. Additionally, reports shall be provided to support service life, fatigue management and retrofit/modifications.

Primary Point of Contact: Jeff Scott, (904) 790-4495

| May 12, 2015 | Navy News Weekly | www.navy-kmi.com

ISR Technologies Successfully Tested on M80 Stiletto The U.S. Navy has successfully tested Raytheon’s advanced intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) technologies aboard the experimental ship known as the M80 Stiletto while the vessel was under way. The test took place during operations at Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek-Fort Story, Va. The combined technology was created by combining two, proven Raytheon technologies: the Persistent Surveillance System Cross Domain Solution (PSS CDS) and Intersect Sentry. The successful test was conducted as part of the Stiletto Maritime Technology Demonstration Program.

PSS CDS receives critical data from multiple sensors and offers two-way sharing of information and commands across both classified and unclassified domains. Intersect Sentry is an automation and analysis tool that creates alerts from a variety of intelligence, sensor and reconnaissance data streams according to parameters defined by the user. Both systems have been successfully demonstrated in support of joint and coalition maritime operations.

“Raytheon has created two capabilities that are easily reconfigured for deployment on multiple missions,” said Bob Dehnert, Command, Control and Awareness director for Raytheon Intelligence, Information and Services. “They give warfighters proven, automated information sharing and analysis support for surveillance missions in any domain.”

During the Navy demonstration, Intersect Sentry automatically analyzed data streams and sent alerts to the PSS CDS for simultaneous display across various networks, creating a common operating picture for different users operating at multiple classification levels.

The recent capability demonstration, designated CD 152, was one of a series sponsored by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research & Engineering. The Stiletto Maritime Demonstration Program and the Stiletto vessel are operated by the U.S. Navy, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division.

www.navy-kmi.com | Navy News Weekly | May 12, 2015 |

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Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DoD Spends Its Contracting Dollars ➥ Continued From pAGE 1 substantial drop in obligations ($160 billion; 35 percent) from FY2008 to Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars FY2014 (see Figure 2).

Figure 1. Contract Figure Obligations

by Agency 1. Contract Obligations by Agency

Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars

budget reduction targets, DoD should make more strategically informed decisions.

The limits on DoD funding resulting from the Budget Control Act could also result in cuts that are not strategically thought out. A more gradual reduction in spending, or additional funding in select budget categories, could help DoD make more gradual spending reductions and more considered choices, potentially minimizing hazardous long-term effects of budget cuts. Addressing budget cuts, former Pentagon comptroller Robert Hale wrote that one option for Congress is to:approve more funding in at least some budget categories and raise the budget caps to accommodate the boosted funding. This could be accomplished in a mini budget deal (as opposed to the forever elusive “grand bargain”) that, hopefully for at least a few years, would effectively eliminate the threat of sequestration in favor of considered choices.

Source: Federal ProcurementDefense Data System-Next Generation, January 2015.

Figure created

by CRS. Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars

Figure 2. DOD Contract Obligations

Figure 2.

Contract From FY2000 to FY2014, adjusted forDOD inflation (FY2015Obligations dollars), DOD contract obligations FY2015 Dollars 7 increased from $189 billion to $290 billion.

However, FY2015 Dollarsthe increase in spending has not been steady. Over the last 15 years, DOD2.contracting has beenObligations marked by a steep increase in Figure DOD Contract obligations from FY2000 to FY2008 ($260 billion; 138%), followed by a substantial drop in FY2015 Dollars obligations ($160 billion; 35%) from FY2008 to FY2014 (see Figure 2).

The boom-and-bust trend of DoD contract spending that makes budget cuts more difficult is in marked contrast to the rest of the federal government, which has had more gradual increases and less Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars drastic spending cuts (see Figure 4).

Figure 4. DOD vs.

Rest vs. of Rest Government Contract Obligations Figure 4. DOD of Government Contract Obligations FY2015 Dollars FY2015 Dollars

Source: CRS analysis of data from the Federal Procurement Data System—Next Generation, January 2015.

Figure created by CRS.

Contract obligation trends are generally consistent with overall DoD

Source: CRS analysis of data from the Federal Procurement Data System—Next Generation, January 2015.

Contract obligation trendsFor are generally consistent with overall DOD obligation trends.

For obligation example, DoD total obligation authority increased Figure createdtrends.

by CRS. example, DOD total obligation authority increased significantly from FY2000 to FY2008, and decreased from FY2008 to FY2014 (see Figure 3). significantly from FY2000 to FY2008, andoverall decreased from FY2008 Contract obligation trends are generally consistent with DOD obligation trends. Forto example, DOD total obligation FY2014 (see Figure 3). authority increased significantly from FY2000 to FY2008, and decreased from FY2008 toconstant FY2014 (seederived Figure 3).Obligation 7 Figure 3.

DOD—Total Authority Deflators for converting into dollars from Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller),

Department of Defense, National Defense Budget Estimates for FY2015, “Department of Defense Deflators – TOA By FY2015 Dollars Figure 3.

DOD—Total Obligation Authority Category ‘Total Non-Pay,’” Table 5-5, p. 56-57, April 2014.

FY2015 Dollars Figure 3. DOD—Total Obligation Authority FY2015 Dollars

Congressional Research Service

Source: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), Department of Defense, National Defense Budget Estimates for FY2016, “Department of Defense TOA – By Public Title,” Table 6-1, March, 2015. Figure created by CRS. Source: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), Department of Defense, National Defense Some analysts thisTOA trend rapid contract spendBudget Estimates for FY2016, believe “Departmentthat of Defense – By of Public Title,” Table 6-1, March, 2015. Figure created by CRS.

What DOD Is Buying 3

ing increases (averaging 11 percent annual increases), followed by a relatively sharp cut in contract spending (averaging 7 percent annual 4 decreases), puts DoD at increased risk of making short-term budget Congressional Research Service 4 decisions (aimed at meeting budget caps) that could cause long-term harm. These analysts argue that, even without changing long-term Congressional Research Service

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Source: CRS analysis of FPDS data. Figure created by CRS.

What DoD Is Buying

In FY2014, 45% of total DOD contract obligations were for services, 45% for goods, and 10% for research and development (R&D). This is in contrast to the rest of the federal government (excluding DOD), which obligated a significantly larger portion of contracting dollars on services FY2014, percent of total DoD contract (68%)In than on goods45 (22%) or research and development (9%). obligations were for

services, 45 percent for goods and 10 percent for research and deHow Are Contracts Categorized? velopment (R&D). This is in contrast to the rest of the federal governFPDS categorizes contracts by product or service codes. According to FPDS, “These product/service codes are used to record(excluding the products andDoD), services being purchased by the Federal Government. In many cases,portion a given contract/task ment which obligated a significantly larger of order/purchase order will include more than one product and/or service. In such cases, the product or service code data element code should be selected based on the predominant product or service that is being purchased.

For contracting dollars on services (68 percent) than on goods (22 percent) example, a contract for $1000 of lumber and $500 of pipe would be coded under 5510, Lumber & Related Wood or research and development (9 percent).

Materials.”

For almost 20 are years, DoD ever-smaller of Because FPDS-NG contracts associated with has only a dedicated single product oran service code—even whenshare the contract involves substantial deliveries of other products or services—the analysis in this report should be used only to contracting dollars identify broad overall trends. to R&D, with such contracts dropping from 18 percent of total contract obligations in FY1998 to 10 percent in FY2014.

Source: U.S. General Services Administration Office of Governmentwide Policy, Federal Procurement Data System and Service Codes Manual, Edition, October 1, 2011, 6. a percentTheProduct relative decrease in August R&D2011 contracts is not justp. as For almost 20 years, DOD has dedicated an ever-smaller share of contracting dollars to R&D, age of overall spending, but also in terms of constant dollars.

Despite with such contracts dropping from 18% of total contract obligations in FY1998 to 10% in increased R&D from FY2000 to FY2007, adjusted for inflaFY2014.

(For spending a breakout ofon DOD obligations trends by product service code, see Appendix B.) tion, DoD obligated less money on R&D contracts in FY2014 ($28 billion) than it invested more than 15 years earlier ($31 billion in FY1998). In contrast, over the same period, DoD obligations to acquire both goods

| May 12, 2015 | Navy News Weekly | www.navy-kmi.comCongressional Research Service

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Figure 5. DOD Contract Obligations by Major Category

and services are substantially higher than they were 15 years ago (see Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars Figure 6).

Figure 5. DOD Contract

by MajorbyCategory Figure 5. DODObligations Contract Obligations Major Category

The Global Environment for R&D Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars

The profile of DoDDefense R&D Acquisitions: spendingHow takes place against a backdrop of and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars increasing defense andfor non-defense investments by foreign nations and The Global Environment R&D private industry. As reflected in Figure 8, U.S. federal defense-related

The profile of DOD R&D spending takes place against a backdrop of increasing defense and nonThe Environment for R&D defense investments by foreign nations andofprivate industry. in 7 Figure 8, U.S.infederal R&DGlobal dropped from 36 percent global R&DAs inreflected 1960 to percent defense-related R&DR&D dropped from 36% of global R&Da in 1960 to of 7%increasing in 1998, and to 5% in nonThe profile of DOD spending takes place against backdrop defense and 1998, and to 5 percent in 2012.

2012. defense investments by foreign nations and private industry. As reflected in Figure 8, U.S. federal defense-related R&D dropped from 36% of global R&D in 1960 to 7% in 1998, and to 5% in Figure 8. Comparison of R&D Spending 1960-2012 Figure 8. Comparison of R&D Spending 1960-2012 2012.

Source: CRS analysis of FPDS data. Figure created by CRS.

The relative decrease in R&D contracts is not just as a percentage of overall spending, but also in terms of constant dollars. Despite increased spending on R&D from FY2000 to FY2007, adjusted for inflation, DOD obligated less money on R&D contracts in FY2014 ($28 billion) than it invested more than 15 years earlier ($31 billion in FY1998). In contrast, over the same period, DOD obligations to acquire both goods and services are substantially higher than they were 15 yearsSource: ago (see Figure 6).

CRS analysis of FPDS data. Figure created by CRS.

Figure 8. Comparison of R&D Spending 1960-2012

Figure 6. DOD Contract Obligations Dedicated to R&D

The relativeDollars decrease in R&D contracts is notObligations just as a percentage of overall spending, but also in Figure 6. DOD Contract Dedicated to R&D FY2015 terms of constant dollars. Despite increased spending on R&D from FY2000 to FY2007, adjusted FY2015 Dollars for inflation, DOD obligated less money on R&D contracts in FY2014 ($28 billion) than it invested more than 15 years earlier ($31 billion in FY1998). In contrast, over the same period, DOD obligations to acquire both goods and services are substantially higher than they were 15 years ago (see Figure 6).

Figure 6. DOD Contract Obligations Dedicated to R&D FY2015 Dollars

Source: 1960: U.S. and ROW shares based on data from U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Technology The reduction in U.S. and federal government shares of global Policy, The Global Context for U.S. Technology Policy, Summer 1997 (hard copy). 2012: U.S. and ROW share fromdid OECD, Main Science from and Technology Indicators, U.S. OECD. spending Stat. Figure created CRS. the R&D not result decreased butbyfrom Source: 1960: U.S. and ROW shares based on data from U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Technology Policy, The Global Context for U.S. Technology Policy, Summer 1997 (hard copy).

2012: and ROW share The reduction in U.S. and federal government shares of global R&D did not from increased R&D spending of other nations in aggregate. result InU.S.constant from OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, OECD. Stat. Figure created by CRS.

decreased U.S. spending, but from the increased R&D spending of other nations in aggregate. In dollars, federal R&D funding 2012 2.4 times its 1960 level, constant dollars, R&D funding inin2012 waswas 2.4 1960did level, The reduction in federal U.S. and federal government shares oftimes globalitsR&D not while result total fromU.S. R&D funding 2012U.S. was 5.3 times its 1960 level (seeR&D Figure 9). while in total R&D in 2012 was 5.3 times 1960in level (see decreased U.S. spending, but funding from the increased spending of otherits nations aggregate.

In constant dollars, federal R&D funding in 2012 was 2.4 times its 1960 level, while total U.S. R&D Figure 9).

Figure 9. Federal andFigure U.S. Expenditures funding in 2012 was 5.3 times its 1960 level (see 9).

Figure 9. Federal and U.S. Expenditures

Figure 9. Federal and U.S. Expenditures

Source: CRS analysis of FPDS data. Figure created by CRS.

Total DoD Spending on Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) Research and Development contracting is but a portion of overall 7 DoD investment in developing technology. For example, more than half Defense Acquisitions: How at anduniversities Where DOD Spends Contracting Dollars of DoD’s basic research budget is spent andItsrepresents the major contribution of funds in some areas of science and technology. When taken as a whole, the R&D picture looks somewhat different.

Total DOD Spending on Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Total outlays forService RDT&E increased 70 percent in constant dollars from 7 (RDT&E) Congressional Research FY1998 to FY2009, before dropping 24 percent from FY2009 to FY2014.

Research and Development contracting is but a portion of overall DOD investment in developing technology. moreinthan half of7,DOD’s research spent at universities However,For asexample, reflected Figure over basic the last 15 budget years,is RDT&E outlays and represents the major contribution of funds in some areas of science and technology.11 When increased at athemuch slower rate (30 percent) (5412 taken as a whole, R&D picture looks somewhat different.than Total non-RDT&E outlays for RDT&E increased 70% in constant dollars from FY1998 to FY2009, before dropping 24% from FY2009 percent).

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Congressional Service Source: Research CRS analysis of FPDS data. Figure created by CRS.

to FY2014. However, as reflected in Figure 7, over the last 15 years, RDT&E outlays increased at a much slower rate (30%) than non-RDT&E (54%).

Figure 7. DOD RDT&E vs. Non-RDT&E Outlays FY2015 Dollars

Source: National Science Foundation, National Patterns of R&D Resources: 2011–12 Data Update, NSF 14-304, Table 6, December 2013, at http://nsf.gov/statistics/nsf14304/. Figure created by CRS.

In recent China has increased its Resources: R&D expenditures at aNSF rapid Source: Nationalyears, Science Foundation, National Patterns of R&D 2011–12 Data Update, 14-304, Table 6, December 2013, at http://nsf.gov/statistics/nsf14304/.

Figure created

by Spends CRS. Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Its Contracting Dollars pace to become the second-largest funder of R&D among nations. Figure9 10 shows growth in R&D expenditures for selected nations since 2000, as Congressional Research Service In recent years, China has increased its R&D expenditures at a rapid pace to become the secondreported to the OECD, and illustrates the comparatively rapid growth of 9 largest funder of R&D among nations. Figure 10 shows growth in R&D expenditures for selected China’s R&D investments with respect to those other nations. nations since 2000, as reported to the OECD, and illustrates theof comparatively rapid growth of Congressional Research Service

China’s R&D investments with respect to those of other nations.

Figure 10. Growth in Gross Expenditures on R&D for Selected Nations Since Figure2000 10. Growth in Gross Expenditures on R&D for Selected Nations Since 2000

Figure 7. DOD RDT&E vs. Non-RDT&E Outlays FY2015 Dollars

Source: OECD data, Gross Expenditures on R&D (GERD), 2012. Figure created by CRS.

Source: National Defense Budget Estimates for FY 2015, Department of Defense Outlays by Public Title, Table 611. Figure created by CRS. FY2014 data from National Defense Budget Estimates for FY 2016, Department of Defense Outlays by Public Title, Table 6-11.

theshown growth shown infor Figure 10 funding, is for total WhileWhile the growth in Figure 10 is total R&D these R&D trends funding, have raised these concerns among analysts andconcerns senior DOD leaders, as Under Secretary of Defense trendsmany have raised amongsuch many analysts and senior Frank DoD Kendall, who testified in January 2015 that leaders, such as Under Secretary of Defense Frank Kendall, who testithe past few decades, the U.S. and our allies have enjoyed a military capability fied in[O]ver January 2015 that: advantage over any potential adversary.... The First Gulf War put this suite of technologies

and the associated operational concepts on display for the world to observe and study. The First Gulf War also marked the beginning of a period of American military dominance that has lasted about a quarter of a century and served us well in several conflicts. We used the www.navy-kmi.com | some Navy News Weekly May 12, 2015 | same capabilities, with notable enhancements, in Serbia,| Afghanistan, Libya and Iraq.

It has been a good run, but the game isn’t one sided, and all military advantages based on 11 For a more detailed discussion of RDT&E spending, see CRS Report R43580, Federal Research and Development technology are temporary....

Funding: FY2015, coordinated by John F. Sargent Jr.

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[O]ver the past few decades, the U.S. and our allies have enjoyed a military capability advantage over any potential adversary.... The First Gulf War put this suite of technologies and the associated operational concepts on display for the world to observe and study. The First Gulf War also marked the beginning of a period of American military dominance that has lasted about a quarter of a century and served us well in several conflicts. We used the same capabilities, with some notable enhancements, in Serbia, Afghanistan, Libya and Iraq. It has been a good run, but the game isn’t one-sided, and all military advantages based on technology are temporary....

The rise of foreign capability, coupled with the overall decline in U.S. research and development investments, is jeopardizing our technological superiority.

The United States remains the world’s single-largest funder of R&D, spending more than the next two highest funders combined (China and Japan) in 2012 (see Table 1). Global R&D is highly concentrated among a few nations. The 10 nations listed in Table 1 accounted for more than 80 percent of global R&D reported to the OECD in 2012.

Table 1. Total 2012 Gross Expenditures on R&D, by Nation in billions of current purchasing power parity (PPP) U.S. dollars Nation

Amount

United States

$453.5

China

293.1

Japan

151.8

Germany

100.7

South Korea

64.5

France

55.5

United Kingdom

38.9

Russian Federation

38.8

Chinese Taipei

28.7

Italy

26.9

Where DoD Obligates Contract Dollars DoD relies on contractors to support operations worldwide, including operations in Afghanistan, permanently garrisoned troops overseas and ships docking at foreign ports. Because of its global footprint, this report will look at where DoD obligates contract dollars in two ways: by geographic region and domestic versus overseas.

By Geographic Region DoD divides its missions and geographic responsibilities among six unified combatant commands: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

U.S. Northern Command (NORTHCOM), U.S. African Command (AFRICOM), U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM), U.S. European Command (EUCOM), U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM), which includes Hawaii and a number of U.S. territories and 6. U.S. Southern Command (SOUTHCOM).

These commands do not control all DoD contracting activity that occurs within their respective geographic regions. For example, Transportation Command (TRANSCOM), headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, Ill., may contract with a private company to provide transportation services in CENTCOM. For purposes of this report, DoD contract obligations are categorized by the place of performance, not the DoD component that signed the contract or obligated the money. For example, all contract obligations for work in the geographic location that falls under the responsibility of CENTCOM will be allocated to CENTCOM, regardless of which DoD organization signed the contract.

In FY2014, 90 percent of DoD contracts were performed in NORTHCOM (which includes the Bahamas, Canada, and Mexico). DOD obligated 4 percent of total contract work in CENTCOM, followed by PACOM (2.5 percent), EUCOM (2 percent), AFRICOM (0.17 percent), and SOUTHCOM (0.14 percent).

Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars Domestic vs. Overseas

In FY2014, 92 percent of DoD contract obligations ($265 billion in Michael Dumont, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict, reportedly stated:

In FY2014,dollars) 90% of DOD were performed ininNORTHCOM includes the FY2015 werecontracts for work performed the United (which States, the highest Bahamas, Canada, and Mexico). DOD obligated 4% of total contract work in CENTCOM, percentage since(2.5%), FY2003 (see Figure 11). Over the last years, obligations followed

by PACOM EUCOM (2%), AFRICOM (0.17%), andsix SOUTHCOM (0.14%).

for domestic contracts dropped by 34 percent, from a high of approximately

Many of our adversaries have acquired, developed and even stolen technologies that have put them on somewhat equal footing with the West in a range of areas ... the U.S. government no longer has the leading edge developing its own leading edge capabilities, particularly in information technology.

Domestic vs.inOverseas $400 billion FY2008 to some $265 billion in FY2014; obligations for over-

In FY2014, 92% of were DOD contract obligations billion in dollars) were for work seas contracts cut in half, from ($265 $48 billion inFY2015 FY2008 to $24 billion in performed in the United States, the highest percentage since FY2003 (see Figure 11).23 Over the FY2014.

The drop infor overseas obligations stems primarily fromofdrawdowns last six years, obligations domestic contracts dropped by 34%, from a high approximately in $400 billion in FY2008 to some theaters, $265 billionwhere in FY2014; obligations for overseas contracts were the Iraq and Afghanistan contract obligations decreased from cut in half, from $48 billion in FY2008 to $24 billion in FY2014. The drop in overseas $32.5 billion FY2008from to $12.5 billion in Iraq FY2014 (Figure 12). obligations stemsinprimarily drawdowns in the and Afghanistan theaters, where contract obligations decreased from $32.5 billion in FY2008 to $12.5 billion in FY2014 (Figure 12).24

Figure 11. Percentage of DOD Contract Obligations Performed in the

In the early 1960s, the federal government funded approximately twice as much R&D as U.S. industry and thus played a substantial role in driving U.S. and global technology pathways. Today, U.S. industry funds more than twice as much R&D as the federal government. This transformation has had, and continues to have, implications for federal R&D strategy and management and for the efficacy of the DoD acquisition system. As one general officer stated, whereas the military used to go to industry and tell them to create a technology to meet a requirement, increasingly the military is going to industry and asking them to adapt an existing commercial technology to military requirements.

United11.

States Figure Percentage of DOD Contract Obligations Performed in the United States

Source: CRS analysis of FPDS data. Figure created by CRS.

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| May 12, 2015 | Navy News Weekly | www.navy-kmi.com

Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars

Figure 12. Contract Obligations in Iraq and Afghanistan Theaters 12. Contract Obligations in Iraq and Afghanistan Theaters FY2015Figure Dollars

DOD’s share of total government obligations for contracts performed abroad has trended down from a high of 90% in FY2000 to 71% in FY2014. Over the same period, combined Department of State and USAID contract obligations increased from 4% to 24% of all U.S. government overseas obligations (see Figure 14).

Figure 14. DOD’s Proportion TotalProportion of Total Figure 14.of DOD’s U.S. Government Contract Work Performed Overseas U.S. Government Contract Work Performed Overseas

FY2015 Dollars Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars

Figure 12. Contract Obligations in Iraq and Afghanistan Theaters FY2015 Dollars

Source: CRS Analysis of FPDS data. have Figure created

by CRS. A number of analysts argued that

Source: CRS Analysis of FPDS data. Figure created by CRS.

DespiteDespite the drawdown in Iraq and Afghanistan, in FY2014 DOD contract obligationsDoD for work the drawdown in Iraq and Afghanistan, in FY2014 conperformed overseas were still primarily steered to CENTCOM (52%), followed by EUCOM tract PACOM obligations work performed overseas were still primarily steered (21%), (18%),for NORTHCOM (6%), SOUTHCOM (2%), and AFRICOM (2%) (Figure 13). a significant shift in where contracting are allocated appears toPACOM be to However, CENTCOM (52 percent), followed by dollars EUCOM (21 percent), underway. Fewer dollars are being obligated in CENTCOM and EUCOM, whereas more dollars (18 percent), NORTHCOM (6 Table percent), SOUTHCOM (2 percent), and are being directed toward PACOM (see Source: CRS Analysis of FPDS data. Figure created2).

by CRS.

AFRICOM (2 percent) (Figure 13). However, a significant shift in where

Despite the drawdown in Iraq andContract Afghanistan, in FY2014 DOD contract obligations for work Figure 13.

DOD Obligations for Work Performed performed overseas were still steered to CENTCOM (52%), followedFewer

by EUCOM contracting dollars areprimarily allocated appears underway. dollars in Combatant Command Areasto ofbe Responsibility (21%), PACOM (18%), NORTHCOM (6%), SOUTHCOM (2%), and AFRICOM (2%) (Figure areHowever, being obligated CENTCOM and EUCOM, whereas moreto dollars 13). a significant in shift in where contracting dollars are allocated appears be underway.

Fewer dollars are being obligated in CENTCOM are being directed toward PACOM (see Tableand 2).EUCOM, whereas more dollars are being directed toward PACOM (see Table 2).

Figure 13. DOD Contract Obligations for Work Performed in Combatant Contract Obligations for Work Performed Command Figure Areas13. of DOD Responsibility in Combatant Command Areas of Responsibility

as a result of its larger budget USAID was established as an independent agency in 1961, but receives overall foreign policy guidance andNotes: workforce, from the Secretary ofDoD State. often undertakes traditionally civilian missions because other agencies do not have the necessary resources to fulfill those missions. Some of these analysts argue that more resources should be 15 Congressional Research Service invested into civilian agencies to allow them to play a larger role in conflict prevention, post-conflict stabilization and reconstruction. As the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Majority, Discussion Paper on Peacekeeping, Majority Staff, April 8, 2010, stated, “The civilian capacity of the U.S. Government to prevent conflict and conduct post-conflict stabilization and reconstruction is beset by fragmentation, gaps in coverage, lack of resources and training, coordination problems, unclear delineations of authority and responsibility, and policy inconsistency.”

Many of these analysts have argued that to achieve its foreign policy goals, the United States needs to take a more whole-of-government approach that brings together the resources of, among others, DoD, the Department of State and USAID—and government contractors. Then-Secretary of Defense Robert Gates echoed this approach when he argued, in 2007, for strengthening the use of soft power in national security through increased nondefense spending. As Secretary Gates stated:

Source: CRS Analysis of FPDS data. Figure created by CRS.

Congressional Research Service

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Source: CRS Analysis of FPDS data. Figure created by CRS.

Table 2. Obligations for Contracts Performed Overseas FY2015 Dollars Unified Combatant Command

FY2008

FY2014

Change

CENTCOM

$32,783,702,635

$12,483,406,051

-62%

EUCOM

$10,440,264,437

$4,987,819,112

-52%

PACOM

$2,983,932,444

$4,236,333,879

42%

NORTHCOM

$1,329,916,478

$1,376,759,556

4%

AFRICOM

$312,105,190

$493,098,812

58%

SOUTHCOM

$416,188,774

$396,447,846

-5%

Congressional Research Service a

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Of the top 12 countries where DoD contractors perform work abroad, fivewere in CENTCOM, three in EUCOM, two in PACOM, and two in NORTHCOM .

DoD Overseas Obligations vs. Rest of Government DoD’s share of total government obligations for contracts performed abroad has trended down from a high of 90 percent in FY2000 to 71 percent in FY2014. Over the same period, combined Department of State and USAID contract obligations increased from 4 percent to 24 percent of all U.S. government overseas obligations (see Figure 14).

What is clear to me is that there is a need for a dramatic increase in spending on the civilian instruments of national security—diplomacy, strategic communications, foreign assistance, civic action, and economic reconstruction and development.... We must focus our energies beyond the guns and steel of the military, beyond just our brave soldiers, sailors, Marines, and airmen. We must also focus our energies on the other elements of national power that will be so crucial in the coming years.

Contract obligations since FY2000 may indicate a shift toward a more whole-of-government approach to achieving foreign policy objectives.

How Reliable Are the DoD Data on Contract Obligations?

According to the Federal Acquisition Regulation, FPDS-NG can be used to measure and assess “the effect of federal contracting on the Nation’s economy and ... the effect of other policy and management initiatives (e.g., performance based acquisitions and competition).” FPDS is also used to meet the requirements of the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-282), which requires all federal award data to be publicly accessible.

Congress, legislative and executive branch agencies, analysts and the public all rely on FPDS as a primary source of information for understanding how and where the federal government spends contracting dollars.

Congress and the executive branch rely on the information to help make

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15

and oversee informed policy and spending decisions. Analysts and the public rely on the data in FPDS to conduct analysis and gain visibility into government operations.

Data reliability is essential to the utility of FPDS. As General Accounting Office (GAO) has stated, “[R]eliable information is critical to informed decision making and to oversight of the procurement system.” According to officials within the White House’s Office of Federal Procurement Policy, “[c]omplete, accurate, and timely federal procurement data are essential for ensuring that the government has the right information when planning and awarding contracts and that the public has reliable data to track how tax dollars are being spent.” If the data contained in FPDS are not sufficiently reliable, the data may not provide an appropriate basis for measuring or assessing federal contracting, making policy decisions, or providing transparency into government operations. The result could be the implementation of policies that squander resources and waste taxpayer dollars. According to GAO, “[f]ederal agencies are responsible for ensuring that the information reported in [the FPDS] database is complete and accurate.”

Data Reliability Concerns Persist According to the General Services Administration (GSA), data in FPDS are provided by agencies and the agencies are required to validate their data annually through the FPDS Data Independent Verification and Validation and Quality Certification. Agency statements regarding data accuracy are independent of the FPDS systems and outside the authority of GSA. GAO has repeatedly raised concerns over the accuracy, limitations, and reliability of the data contained in the FPDS-NG database. According to GAO, FPDS-NG often contains data with limited “utility, accuracy and completeness.” The Office of Management and Budget has also released guidance requiring executive branch agencies to implement GAO recommendations seeking to improve FPDS data quality. Continued concerns raised over the reliability of data have prompted many analysts to rely on FPDS-NG primarily to identify broad trends and make rough estimations.

According to one GAO report: DoD acknowledged that using FPDS-NG as the main data source for the inventories has a number of limitations. These limitations include that FPDS-NG does not provide the number of contractor FTEs performing each service, identify the requiring activity, or allow for the identification of all services being procured.

Officials from the General Services Administration, the agency that administers FPDS-NG, stated that data errors in FPDS-NG do not substantively alter the larger context of 1.4 million actions and billions of dollars of obligations entered into the system by DoD every year. Officials have also indicated that whenever possible and feasible, steps are taken to improve the reliability and integrity of the data contained in FPDS. For example, in FY2011, the Congressional Research Service reported on specific data reliability concerns regarding contracts listed as having been performed overseas that were actually performed in the United States. DoD addressed the data error by reviewing past data and correcting coding errors. To prevent similar coding errors in the future, a rule change was implemented requiring agencies to adopt three-letter International Standard (ISO) codes when coding a particular country into FPDS-NG. Other data deficiencies appear more consequential. According to DoD officials, the obligations for FY2008 are “artificially higher by $13B and the FY09 number is artificially lower by $13B” due to over-obligation on a single contract. DoD went on to note that the money obligated in FY2008 was never spent and that “this is a known error and even had a note in FPDS for

16

a while.” Such an error, particularly without an easily identifiable notation, significantly affects analyses of DoD spending trends, including the analysis in this report.

In a more recent example of data inconsistency within FPDS, CRS identified a discrepancy of approximately $6 billion in FY2014 when users employed different methods to extract data from the FPDS database.

Although the two methods presumably access the same dataset, in some Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars cases when data were Defense extracted using the system’s “standard report,” it produced a total dollar value significantly lower than that extracted when system’s hoc report.” The reason the data discrepancy Inusing a morethe recent example “ad of data inconsistency within FPDS,for CRS identified a discrepancy of approximately in FY2014 when users employeddoes different extract dataoffrom appears to$6 bebillion that in cases when an agency notmethods reporttothe place the FPDS database. Although the two methods presumably access the same dataset, in some cases performance of the using contract, the “standard report”it omits the contract from when data were extracted the system’s “standard report,” produced a total dollar value significantly lower than that extracted when using the system’s “ad hoc report.” The reason for search results entirely. the data discrepancy appears to be that in cases when an agency does not report the place of Whenofasked about particular GSA stated performance the contract, thethis “standard report”data omitsdiscrepancy, the contract from search resultsthat entirely.38 the difference was a “feature of the data.” CRS extracted FPDS data via When about this particular discrepancy, GSAreport” stated that theall difference was a avail“feature bothasked the “standard report”data and the “ad hoc for fiscal years of the data.”39 CRS extracted FPDS data via both the “standard report” and the “ad hoc report” able and years calculated over time.

15 shows for all fiscal availablethe andresulting calculated discrepancies the resulting discrepancies overFigure time. Figure 15 shows the dollar valueofofthe the discrepancy discrepancy between the two search the dollar value between the twomethods. search methods.

Figure Discrepancy in forfor Calculating TotalTotal Contracts Figure 15.15.

Discrepancy in Different DifferentMethods Methods Calculating Obligations Contracts Obligations (not adjusted for inflation) (not adjusted for inflation)

Source: CRS analysis of FPDS data.

Despite the limitations of FPDS, imperfect data are sometimes better than nodiscrepancy data. Aappears number observers have noted thatthedespite shortcomThe data only toof occur when a user searches for data using place of theits contract’s performance as a filter for responses. So, for example, the discrepancy would occur when a user employed the ings, FPDS oneforof the world’s leading systems tracking government “standard report” tois search contracts that took place in Texas, and then ranfor the same search using the “ad hoc report.” procurement data. FPDS data can be used to identify some broad trends 39 GSA’s full email response read as follows: and rough estimations, to gather about contracts.

This apparent discrepancy isor actually a feature information of the data. Specifically, thespecific difference that CRS is pointing out is due to the fact that IDVs are not required to have a place of performance, but can Understanding the limitations of Geographical data—knowing when, how, toa what have obligated dollars against them. The Place of Performance Report and requires performance whereas the Federal Contract Dollars and Actions Report does not. The entire extentplace to of rely data—could helpobserved policymakers incorporate FPDS difference inon the dollar amounts that CRS comes from dollars obligated against IDVsdata do not have a Place of Performance. more which effectively into their decision-making process.

38

Information provided from GSA to CRS via email on February 4, 2015.

GSA Efforts to Improve FPDS According to GSA, a number of data systems, including FPDS, are 19 undergoing a significant overhaul. This overhaul is a multi-year process that is expected to improve the reliability and usefulness of the information contained in the data systems. Part of the effort includes focus groups with stakeholders, including agency decision-makers and congressional staff, to solicit feedback on how to improve the reliability, usability, and relevance of the data stored in the systems being updated.

CRS analysts participated in focus groups. While no date has been set for completing this effort, officials believe that the upgrades will be rolled out sometime in 2017 or 2018.

The extent to which GSA and federal agencies succeed in their efforts to improve the accuracy, reliability, and usability of FPDS will determine the extent to which Congress and senior executive branch officials will have access to reliable and timely data that can be used to make budget and policy decisions.

Congressional Research Service

| May 12, 2015 | Navy News Weekly | www.navy-kmi.com

Contract Awards

8 May

7 May

Compiled by KMI Media Group staff

AECOM Technical Services Inc., Los Angeles, Calif., is being awarded a maximum $45,000,000 firm-fixedprice, indefinite-delivery/indefinitequantity architect-engineering contract for preparation of Navy and Marine Corps facilities planning and environmental documentation in the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Europe Africa Southwest Asia (EURAFSWA) area of responsibility (AOR). The work to be performed provides for design projects including, but not limited to: administration buildings, religious facilities, community buildings, dining facilities, recreational facilities, security buildings, child development centers, bachelor quarters, Navy lodges, airfield facilities, waterfront facilities, operational facilities, base housing, water treatment facilities and associated work, central plant utility system upgrades and other infrastructure. No task orders are being issued at this time. Work will

be performed at various locations within the NAVFAC EURAFSWA AOR including, but not limited to, Naples, Italy; Sigonella, Italy; Souda Bay, Greece; Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain; Djibouti, Africa; Rota, Spain; and Vicenza, Italy. The term of the contract is not to exceed 60 months with an expected completion date of May 2020. Fiscal 2015 operation and maintenance (Navy) funds in the amount of $10,000 are being obligated on this award, and will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured via the Navy Electronic Commerce Online website, with eight proposals received. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Europe Africa Southwest Asia, Naples, Italy, is the contracting activity (N3319115-D-0811).

Alutiiq Technical Services LLC, Anchorage, Alaska (N3943015-D-1660); De La Fuente Construction Inc., National City, Calif.

(N39430-15-D-1661); Iyabak Construction LLC, Anchorage, Alaska (N39430-15-D-1662); Virtual Computing Technology, Carlsbad, Calif.

(N39430-15-D-1663); and Windy Bay Services LLC, Anchorage, Alaska (N39430-15-D-1664), are each being awarded an indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity multiple award contract for worldwide passive security barrier services. The maximum dollar value including the base period and four option periods for all five contracts combined is $90,000,000. The work to be performed provides for logistical support, installation, inspection, refurbishment, development and field supervision/operation of waterfront barriers, associated moorings, passive water barriers and related marine

facilities worldwide. The work will also include engineering and design services to support passive water barrier development and installation as well as prototyping and testing of improved systems and ancillary components. Work will be performed at various Department of Defense installations worldwide. The term of the contract is not to exceed 60 months with an expected completion date of May 2020. Fiscal 2015 operation and maintenance (Navy) contract funds in the amount of $50,000 are being obligated on this award and will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured via the Navy Electronic Commerce Online website, with five proposals received. These five contractors may compete for task orders under the terms and conditions of the awarded contract. No task orders are being issued at this time. The Naval

General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems, Marion, Ill., is being awarded an $8,790,026

firm-fixed-price contract for MK 258, MOD 1 armor-piercing, fin-stabilized, discarding, sabot, tracer (APFSDST) cartridges. This contract is to produce, test, inspect and deliver 30x173mm MK258 MOD1 ammunition for use in the MK46 gun weapon system. Work will be performed in Marion, Ill., and is expected to be completed by March 2017. Fiscal 2014 procurement of ammunition (Navy, Marine Corps) contract funds in the amount of $8,790,026 will be obligated at the time of award, and funds will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was not competitively procured in accordance with FAR 6.302-1(a)(2); only one responsible source and no other supplies or services will satisfy agency requirements. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division, Indian Head, Md., is the contracting activity (N0017415-C-0015).

Facilities Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center, Port Hueneme, Calif., is the contracting activity.

Insitu Inc., Bingen, Wash., is being awarded $10,919,060 for firmfixed-price delivery order 0008 against a previously issued basic ordering agreement (N68335-11-G-0009). This effort is for the procurement of site activation services and field service representative personnel to perform site lead, pilot/operator and maintenance personnel duties to support intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance services program and force protection services for the government of Iraq. It will also procure one Mark 4 Launcher, two Full Mission Training Devices and spares kits. Work will be performed in Taji, Iraq (86.5 percent); and Bingen, Wash. (13.5 percent), and is expected to be completed in August 2016. Foreign military sales funds in

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17

Contract Awards the amount of $10,919,060 are being obligated at time of award, none of which will expire at the end of the fiscal year. The Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Lakehurst, N.J., is the contracting activity.

6 May

18

be obligated at time of award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.C., is the contracting activity.

Mikel Inc., Fall River, Mass., is being awarded an $8,754,060 costplus-fixed-fee contract modification to previously awarded contract (N0002411-C-6295) to exercise an option for research and combat system development and processing for Navy submarines. Work will be performed in Middletown, R.I. (75 percent); Washington, D.C. (10 percent); Manassas, Va. (5 percent); Fall River, Mass. (5 percent); and Honolulu, Hawaii (5 percent), and is expected to be completed by January 2016. Fiscal 2015 shipbuilding and conversion (Navy) funding in the amount of $350,000 will

I.E.-Pacific Inc., San Diego, Calif., is being awarded $6,626,000 for firm-fixed-price task order 0005 under a previously awarded multiple award construction contract (N6247311-D-0066) for renovation and repair of Building 775 and quarter deck Building 773 at Naval Station North Island. The work to be performed includes the liquefaction assessment and compaction grouting below Building 775. The renovation of these facilities will bring each space up to code compliance and provide muchneeded finish upgrades, modifications to existing layouts to optimize program requirements and structural

Commercial Service of Bloomington Inc., Bloomington, Ind. (N4008515-D-7912); Custom Mechanical Systems Corp., Bargersville, Ind. (N40085-15-D-7913); Harrell Contracting Inc., Worthington, Ind. (N4008515-D-7914); Mastercraft Mechanical Contractors Inc., Bloomington, Ind. (N40085-15-D-7915); and Siemens Government Technologies Inc., Arlington, Va. (N40085-15-D-7916), are each being awarded an indefinite-delivery/ indefinite-quantity multiple award construction contract for mechanical construction projects at the Naval Support Activity, Crane and the Glendora Test Facility. The maximum dollar value including the base period and four option years for all five contracts combined is $20,000,000.

The work to be performed provides for all labor, equipment, tools, supplies, transportation, supervision, quality control, professional design services and management necessary to perform various heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) construction,

renovation and maintenance design build or design-bid-build projects at assorted buildings and structures.

Work includes but is not limited to design, general construction, alteration, repair, demolition and work performed by special trades. Commercial Service of Bloomington, Inc. is being awarded task order 0001 at $856,000 for the Naval Surface Warfare Center Building 3235 HVAC renovation at the Naval Support Activity, Crane, Ind. Work for this task order is expected to be completed by February 2016. All work on this contract will be performed in Crane, Ind. (95 percent), and Sullivan, Ind. (5 percent). The term of the contract is not to exceed 60 months, with an expected completion date of May 2020. Fiscal 2015 working capital funds (Navy and Army) in the amount of $936,000 are being obligated on this award and will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured via the Federal Business Opportunities website, with eight proposals received.

| May 12, 2015 | Navy News Weekly | www.navy-kmi.com

enhancements to ensure the safety of the users. The options, if exercised, provide for the installation of entry canopy, monument sign, new Americans with Disabilities Act and reserved parking area, new tile flooring in restrooms, coating on stairwells, and dual roll-up shades. The task order also contains six unexercised options, which if exercised would increase cumulative task order value to $6,941,000. Work will be performed in Coronado, Calif., and is expected to be completed by May 2017. Fiscal 2015 operation and maintenance (Navy) contract funds in the amount of $6,626,000 are obligated on this award and will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. Five proposals were received for this task order. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southwest, San Diego, Calif., is the contracting activity.

These five contractors may compete for task orders under the terms and conditions of the awarded contract.

The Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Mid-Atlantic, Norfolk, Va., is the contracting activity.

Bell Helicopter Textron Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, is being awarded a $16,947,176 indefinite-delivery/ indefinite-quantity contract to provide engineering and technical field services to the H-1 aircraft airframes, avionics, electrical power plant systems and associated equipment in support of the Naval Air Technical Data and Engineering Service Command, San Diego, Calif. The services provided include on- and off-site proficiency training, technical guidance and advice to resolve unusually complex technical problems. Work will be performed in Camp Pendleton, Calif.

(27 percent); McGuire Air Force Base, N.J. (18 percent); Cherry Point, N.C. (18 percent); Kaneohe, Hawaii (10 percent); New Orleans, La. (9 percent);

Compiled by KMI Media Group staff

New River, N.C. (9 percent); and Warner Robins Air Force Base, Atlanta, Ga. (9 percent), and is expected to be completed in April 2020. Fiscal 2015 operation and maintenance (Navy) funds in the amount of $1,548,962 are being obligated at time of award, all of which will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was not competitively procured pursuant to FAR 6.302-1. The Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, China Lake, Calif., is the contracting activity (N68936-15-D-0010)

5 May

4 May

United Technologies Corp., Pratt & Whitney, Military Engines, East

Hartford, Conn., is being awarded a $7,643,131 fixed-price-incentive firm target modification to a previously awarded advanced acquisition contract (N00019-13-C-0016) for longlead items for low-rate initial production (LRIP) Lot X. The long-lead items include group hardware supporting the LRIP Lot X delivery of conventional take off and landing (CTOL) propulsion systems for the Air Force, group hardware supporting the LRIP Lot X delivery of CTOL, carrier variant propulsion systems for the Navy/Marine Corps, and group hardware supporting the LRIP Lot X delivery of short take-off and vertical landing propulsion

systems for the Marine Corps. Work will be performed in East Hartford, Conn. (67 percent); Indianapolis, Ind. (26.5 percent); and Bristol, United Kingdom (6.5 percent), and is expected to be completed in February 2017.

Fiscal 2015 aircraft procurement (Air Force and Navy) funds in the amount of $7,643,131 will be obligated at time of award, none of which will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract combines purchases for the Navy ($7,444,443; 97.4 percent), and the Air Force ($198,688; 2.6 percent).

The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Md., is the contracting activity.

Sybrant Construction LLC, Phoenix, Ariz. (N62473-15-D-2436); M&M, Tempe, Ariz. (N62473-15-D-2437); Anderson Burton Construction Inc., Arroyo Grande, Calif. (N6247315-D-2438); and Bristol General Contractors LLC, Anchorage, Alaska (N62473-15-D-2439), are each being awarded a firm-fixed-price, indefinitedelivery/indefinite-quantity multiple award 8(a) set-aside construction contract for new construction, renovation and repair of general building construction at various locations within the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Southwest area of responsibility (AOR). The maximum dollar value including the base period and four option years for all four

contracts combined is $99,000,000.

Types of projects may include, but are not limited to, administration buildings, school buildings, hospitals, auditoriums, fire stations, gymnasiums, office buildings, hangars, laboratories and parking structures.

No task orders are being issued at this time. These four contractors may compete for task orders under the terms and conditions of the awarded contracts. Work will be performed within the NAVFAC Southwest AOR including, but not limited to, California (90 percent), Arizona (6 percent), Nevada (1 percent), Colorado (1 percent), Utah (1 percent), and New Mexico (1 percent). The terms of the contracts are not to exceed 60

months, with an expected completion date of May 2020. Fiscal 2015 operation and maintenance (Navy) contract funds in the amount of $20,000 are obligated on this award and will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured as an 8(a) set-aside for firms with a bona fide place of business with the respective jurisdictions of the Small Business Administration district offices in California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico, via the Federal Business Opportunities website with 46 proposals received. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southwest, San Diego, Calif., is the contracting activity.

The Boeing Co., Seattle, Wash., is being awarded an $118,148,562 modification to a previously awarded firm-fixed-price contract (N0001912-C-0112) for the procurement of training systems and training materials in support of the P-8A multi-mission maritime aircraft for the Navy and the government of Australia. This modification provides for the procurement of two operational flight trainers (OFTs), two

weapons tactics trainers (WTTs) and upgrades to the existing training system support center (TSSC) for the Navy. In addition, this modification provides for the installation of two OFTs, two WTTs, one part task trainer and one TSSC; the procurement and installation of six electronic classrooms, 26 mission station desktop trainers, and 32 flight mission system trainers; and the procurement of Royal Australian Air Force courseware,

training and interim support for the government of Australia under a memorandum of understanding. Work will be performed in Whidbey Island, Wash. (52 percent); St. Louis, Mo. (34 percent); and Edinburgh, Australia (14 percent), and is expected to be completed in June 2019. This modification combines purchase for the Navy ($92,207,908; 78 percent) and the government of Australia ($25,940,654; 22 percent).

www.navy-kmi.com | Navy News Weekly | May 12, 2015 |

19

Contract Awards Fiscal 2013 and 2014 aircraft procurement (Navy) and international partner funds in the amount of $118,148,562 are being obligated on this award, $76,186,834 of which will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division, Orlando, Fla., is the contracting activity.

Vigor Industrial LLC, Portland, Ore., is being awarded an $11,979,903 firmfixed-price contract for the regular overhaul and dry docking of USNS Richard E. Byrd (T-AKE 4). The contract includes options which, if exercised, would bring the total contract value to $12,126,316.

Work will be performed in Portland, Ore., and is expected to be completed

by July 1, 2015. Fiscal 2015 maintenance and repair contract funds in the amount of $12,126,316 are obligated at the time of award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured, with proposals solicited via the Federal Business Opportunities website, with two offers received. The Navy’s Military Sealift Command, Washington, D.C., is the contracting activity (N3220515-C-3013).

Shell Marine Products U.S., Houston, Texas, is being awarded an $11,107,442 modification under a previously awarded indefinite-delivery/ indefinite-quantity contract with firmfixed-price delivery orders (N0003313-D-8020) to exercise a one-year option for the supply and related services of lubricant oil products for the Engineering Directorate of the Military Sealift Command and other government agencies in need of lubricant oil supplies and related services. Work will be performed worldwide and work is expected to be completed May 2016.

If all options are exercised, work will continue through May 2018. Working capital contract funds in the amount of $11,107,442 are being obligated at the time of award. Contract funds will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The

20

Navy’s Military Sealift Command, Washington, D.C., is the contracting activity.

Triton Marine Construction Corp., Bremerton, Wash., is being awarded $9,923,450 for firm-fixed-price task order 0003 under a previously awarded multiple award construction contract (N44255-14-D-9007) for the construction of the integrated drydock water treatment system at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. The work to be performed provides for the construction of the infrastructure necessary at Dry Docks 1, 2 and 5 to bring the shipyard into compliance with current environmental standards for the collection and treatment of industrial process water.

Work will be performed in Bremerton, Wash., and is expected to be completed

by October 2016. Fiscal 2015 military construction (Navy) contract funds in the amount of $9,923,450 are obligated on this award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. Four proposals were received for this task order. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest, Silverdale, Wash., is the contracting activity.

Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wis., is being awarded $8,910,254 for firmfixed-price delivery order 0021 under an existing indefinite-delivery/indefinitequantity contract for the purchase of 13 low-rate initial production vehicles and vehicle federal retail excise tax. Work will be performed in Oshkosh, Wis., and is expected to be completed by Jan. 31, 2017. Fiscal 2015 procurement (Marine Corps) funds in the amount of $8,910,254 will be obligated at the time of award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured via the Federal Business Opportunities website, with three offers received. The Marine Corps Systems Command, Quantico, Va., is the contracting activity (M67854-13-D-0214).

Burr-MZT JV, San Clemente, Calif., is being awarded $8,776,000 for firmfixed-price task order 0008 under a

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Compiled by KMI Media Group staff

previously awarded multiple award construction contract (N44255-13-D-8012) for replacement of diesel generator controls and switchgear at Naval Base Kitsap-Bremerton. The work to be performed provides for replacement of existing switchgear with new modernized switchgear and demolition and replacement of generators. Work will be performed in Bremerton, Wash., and is expected to be completed by November 2016. Fiscal 2015 working capital funds (Navy) contract funds in the amount of $8,776,000 are obligated on this award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. Three proposals were received for this task order. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest, Silverdale, Wash., is the contracting activity.

Mercury Systems Inc., Chelmsford, Mass., is being awarded a $7,132,822 indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity, firm-fixed-price contract for bus controllers, precision direction finding synthesizers, PDF tuners, eight-channel digital receivers, four-channel digital receivers, and clock generator versa module eurobus cards. These components will be used as spares during the installation of the AN/SLQ-32(V)6 electronic countermeasure system on Navy and Coast Guard ships. The AN/SLQ-32(V)6 was developed as part of the Navy’s Surface Electronic Warfare Improvement Program, which is an upgrade to the AN/SLQ-32 electronic warfare anti-ship missile defense system. Work will be performed in Chelmsford, Mass., and is expected to complete by May 2020.

Fiscal 2015 other procurement (Navy) funding in the amount of $1,115,110 will be obligated at time of award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was not competitively procured in accordance with FAR 6.302-1 — only one responsible source and no other supplies or services will satisfy agency requirements. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane, Division, Crane, Ind., is the contracting activity (N00164-15-D-WM75).

Defense Innovations

Compiled by KMI Media Group staff

Multirotor Convertible High-Speed Helicopter Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This helicopter is equipped with the system of distributed thrust of different-size rotors in X2+3 configuration. One smaller rotor turning in vertical plane is fitted at fuselage end and panels of first sweptforward wing and second swept-back X-like wing. Besides, there are two large and smaller rotors.

Helicopter represents a monoplane of two-beam configuration with mid-wing. It comprises fuselage nacelle, power plant including engine and reduction gearbox with rear dual concentric rotors. The latter allows horizontal thrust and vertical or inclined thrust corresponding to deflection between two-keel rudder and three-leg undercarriage.

Rotor system with distributed thrust of different-size rotors in 2+3 configuration comprises smaller rotor mounted at rotary reduction gearbox, larger rotors mounted at first wings pylons and two smaller rotors arranged with their reduction gearboxes at second-wing tips.

Helicopter allows conversion of its flight configuration from five rotor one into rotorcraft configuration or winged autogiro with single-rotor propulsion.

The reported effect is better weight efficiency, better transverse and longitudinal controllability.

3 drawings

Aerial Refueling Hose Mide Technology Corp.

Country of origin: USA Language: English There have been several attempts to address the problem of inflight refueling hoses oscillating in flight during refueling operations.

To date, however, potential solutions have either not been commercialized, do not result in a hose meeting government specification (e.g., MIL-H-4495D)and/or do not adequately solve the oscillation problem. The oscillations can result in hose breakage, damage to the refueling aircraft or the aircraft being refueled, and/or potential harm to personnel.

This design describes an in-flight refueling hose comprising a rubber inner tube, a compounded cover and a spiral wire between the inner

tube and the compounded cover. A braid includes pseudoelastic shape memory alloy (e.g., nitinol) wires undergoing a stress-induced phase change absorbing energy to dampen oscillations of the hose in use.

5 drawings

Underwater Vehicle Simulation U.S. Navy Country of origin: USA Language: English Daily global ocean forecasts that include a four-dimensional (4d) (latitude, longitude, depth and time) estimation of ocean currents can be generated. An approach taken for the estimation of vehicle position over time is to start with a known position from infrequent fixes (Global Positioning System (GPS), Ultra-short Baseline (USBL), terrain-based, etc.) and use the vector sum of the vehicle velocity (heading and speed through the water) with the forecast current.

Validation of this approach can be accomplished using log data that were received from underwater gliders, which provides GPS positions at each dive and surfacing point. An underwater glider propels itself using a buoyancy engine and wings that create lift to produce horizontal motion. From a vehicle motion modeling perspective, an underwater glider must have vertical motion to move horizontally. Since underwater gliders do not use engines for propulsion, they generally have substantial endurance suitable for ocean sampling, underwater plume tracking and sustained surveillance.

However, these vessels are slow, with sustained horizontal speeds typically below 0.5 m/s, and navigating them is challenging as ocean currents can exceed 2 m/s.

The Naval Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) was developed to generate daily global ocean forecasts predicting temperature, salinity and currents. FIGS. 1 and 2 show representative current forecasts during underwater glider deployment exercises. In these figures, color 303 represents current speed in m/s and arrows 301 indicate the current direction. FIG. 1 shows the current at the surface with speeds as great as 0.8 m/s. FIG. 2 shows the current at 1,000 m, the maximum depth of the glider dives, where the speed is predominately below 0.02 m/s.

Position estimation for underwater vehicles operating in the open ocean can be problematic with existing technologies. Use of

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Defense Innovations GPS can require the vehicle to surface periodically, which poses a potential navigation hazard and subjects the vehicle to the faster currents near the surface. Inertial systems can be ineffective without the use of Doppler Velocity Logs (DVL) whose ranges can be too limited for deep ocean operation unless the vehicle is very near the seafloor. Surface- or bottom-mounted transponder systems can be expensive to deploy and restrict the geographic area that the vehicle can operate in. A ship equipped with a USBL system can be used to track an underwater vehicle, which can be an expensive option for long deployments.

A complication in the open ocean is that position estimation is problematic while submerged. Glider depth can be directly measured by the vehicle using a pressure sensor. Vertical velocity can be derived from depth versus time, and horizontal speed through the water can be estimated given vertical velocity, vehicle pitch angle and a parameterized hydrodynamic model for the vehicle. Consequently, the only certain position information, for purpose of simulation, is depth (as a function of time), the time of the dive and the starting and ending surface positions. In the present embodiment, the motion model can use initial simplifying assumptions including zero hydrodynamic slip between the vehicle and ocean current and a symmetric V-shaped flight trajectory. For the simulations conducted, the maximum depth of the dive and the time of the dive can be used to compute an estimate of a single vertical velocity. Beyond this model, sources of error in position prediction can include errors in the forecast currents, hydrodynamic slip and deviations of the vehicle from the commanded heading, horizontal and vertical speeds. Variations in the vehicle commanded motion can include factors such as putting the processor to sleep periodically to save power (so heading is not strictly maintained), variations in vertical speed due to changes in water density, and other than symmetric dive profiles.

What are needed are a system and method for estimating the vessel’s position while it is underwater that improves on a simple straight line dead-reckoned estimate.

This design describes ethods and systems disclosed herein relate generally to predicting a vessel’s trajectory, and more specifically, to predicting the trajectory of an underwater vehicle.

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Missile

GosMKB Vympel im. I.I. Toropova Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This missile design includes case in the form of connected separable joint units with pyrotechnical burst connection of sealed head compartment with a sequence of homing head, inertial control system, ammunition, active thermal protection system and independent fluid or paste fuel propeller containing fuel with oxidiser and liquid-propellant rocket engine set with longitudinal nozzle, four liquid-propellant rocket engines with transverse nozzles and four liquid-propellant rocket engines generating head compartment torque, and propeller compartment with aerodynamic rudders, rudder drives, double-pulse solid fuel propeller aggregate, second pulse timing unit and correction unit.

The reported effect makes the missile more efficient striking of highaltitude targets.

4 drawings

Aircraft Missile Launcher Cover Boeing Country of origin: USA Language: English Air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles are typically mounted on missile launchers that are affixed to hard points on the fuselage or wings of an aircraft. Missile launchers fall into two categories, ejection-type missile launchers such as the LAU-142 manufactured by the EDO Corporation and rail missile launchers such as the LAU-127 manufactured by the Marvin Group.

A rail missile launcher or “rail launcher” generally has attachment points on top for affixing the rail launcher to the aircraft and launch rails on the bottom for mounting the missile. Launch rails have guide slots or tracks that run longitudinally along the length of the launch rails. A missile is typically loaded on a rail launcher by slidably engaging the tracks with corresponding rails, hooks or hangers located on the missile and then sliding the missile onto the launch rails. For example, the AIM-9 series of Sidewinder missiles is loaded onto LAU-127 rail launchers by engaging “T-hangers” on the Sidewinder with tracks on the LAU-127.

When the missile is launched, the missile slides forward along the tracks until it flies clear of the aircraft towards the target.

In order to prevent the missile from inadvertently sliding off the rail launcher during flight, take-off and landing, rail launchers typically have restraint mechanisms such as stops or detents that engage corresponding stops on the missile to prevent the missile

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from sliding off. The detents are lowered or retracted out of the way when the missile is being loaded, unloaded, or launched from the rail launcher. Rail launchers may also have grounding mechanisms for dissipating precipitation static or P-static. P-static is created when rain, snow, hail, dust or other particles strike the surfaces of the aircraft. If not dissipated, P-static can damage the aircraft and its electronics.

Some missions do not require an aircraft to carry missiles.

During such missions the rail launchers may be empty. Empty rail launchers typically have a large flat area, sharp angles and cavities that reflect radar signals back to the radar transmitter.

This increases the radar cross section of the aircraft, making it more detectible by radar. Rail launchers may be removed when a particular mission requires an aircraft to be less detectible by radar but does not require missiles. However, some aircraft are not allowed to fly without rail launchers attached. For example, the F/A-18 Hornet fighter jet is not allowed to fly without rail launchers attached to its wingtips even if a particular mission does not require missiles. Also, current procedures for removing and re-installing rail launchers are complicated, labor intensive and time-consuming. Moreover, rail launchers can be damaged during the process of removal and re-installation.

This design generally relates to a cover for an aircraft missile launcher and, more particularly, to a flightworthy cover for an empty rail missile launcher that reduces the radar cross section of the aircraft.

10 drawings

Supersonic Aircraft Novye grazhdanskie tekhnologii Sukhogo Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This concept describes an aircraft comprising a fuselage with front LERX, power plant arranged above tail unit and equipped with nacelle with turbojets and two supersonic air intakes with rectangular cross-section. Pylon is arranged nearby aircraft mirror plate between said nacelle and tail unit skin. Wedges of air intakes compression are arranged vertically nearby aircraft mirror plane above said pylon.

Fuselage features smooth decrease in vertical size and smooth

increase in horizontal size in the area from fuselage cross-section at the joint of front LERX. Tail unit skin top and bottom surfaces are interconnected at fuselage tip in sharp edge.

The reported effect is decreased interferences of supersonic air intakes and fuel consumption.

16 drawings

Unmanned Aircraft System with Collapsible Wing James Barbieri Country of origin: USA Language English In modern-day military operations, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) may be carried by front-line soldiers for use as a quick source of intelligence as needed. In those areas of interest, which are too dangerous for humans to investigate firsthand, a UAS may be assembled and launched to observe the area of conflict using an array of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) sensors carried by the UAS airframe. Imaging sensors may typically include electro-optic (EO), infrared (IR) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Emerging uses of UAS may include integrated signals intelligence (SIGINT), electronic warfare (EW), cyber warfare, data relay and attack capabilities. Existing UAS airframes are typically radio-controlled aircraft with varying levels of autonomous flight capabilities. Small-class UAS may typically have wingspans ranging between about four and about five feet.

Mobility and ease of use are somewhat limited for existing UAS. Existing UAS are typically transported in a disassembled state with the wing detached from the fuselage of the aircraft. Transporting an existing UAS aircraft in the field typically entails carrying multiple boxes that are the full size of the wing, and may require two or more personnel to move. Further, the assembly of some existing UAS aircraft may be accomplished with tools that may be difficult to operate in limited visibility conditions or by soldiers wearing protective gear such as gas masks or gloves.

The limited mobility and difficulty of assembly in certain conditions may hamper the effectiveness of UAS by front-line soldiers in combat situations. The bulky crates may hamper the mobility of the soldiers

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Defense Innovations and limit the front-line scenarios in which an UAS may be used. If the assembly of the UAS in the field requires an inordinate amount of time to unpack, assemble and/or deploy, the resulting delay in obtaining critical intelligence may squander a window of opportunity to complete a mission or potentially endanger the lives of personnel.

In addition, the role of UAS technology is expanding to encompass a wide variety of operational scenarios including law enforcement, border patrol, search and rescue, mapping, meteorology and other scientific research, as well as recreational uses. At present, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is considering the release of formal regulations related to the operation of small, unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) within U.S. airspace. Given the proliferation of these UAVs, there exists a need for a fundamental improvement of their design to increase portability, usability and practicality.

A need exists in the art for a UAS with enhanced mobility and ease of assembly. In particular, a need in the art exists for a UAS that may be transported in a container small enough to be easily carried by an individual operator. Further, a need in the art exists for an easily transported UAS that may be assembled quickly in low visibility and time-sensitive conditions without the use of tools or extensive training.

Such a UAS may facilitate the continued adoption of UAS by a larger number of users in a wider variety of scenarios.

This application relates to a collapsible wing, methods of producing the collapsible wing and an unmanned aircraft system that includes a collapsible wing.

16 drawings

The reported effect is higher lift.

11 drawings

Miniature Torpedo Boeing Country of origin: USA Language: English Typical anti-ship torpedoes are too heavy and too large to be carried by and launched from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A typical torpedo is constructed using heavy plastique explosives. The amount and type of explosives employed in a typical torpedo add significantly to the torpedo’s size and weight. As typical, small UAVs have a limited payload capacity, the size and weight of typical, larger torpedoes prohibit their use on smaller scale UAV platforms.

The miniature torpedo of the present invention overcomes the size and weight disadvantages of conventional torpedoes that prevent them from being carried by and launched from smaller UAVs in addition to significantly increasing the torpedo payload capability of both larger UAVs and conventional manned anti-ship aircraft, and anti subsurface ship aircraft. The miniature torpedo of the invention has an overall length of approximately 18.5 inches and approximate weight of less than 10 pounds. The miniature torpedo is therefore ideally suited for being carried by and launched from small UAVs while also increasing the torpedo carrying capacity of larger UAVs and conventional manned aircraft.

21 drawings

Flap for Short Takeoff and Landing Aircraft GOUVPO VGTU Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This invention relates to aircraft engineering. This flap comprises main link, deflector, carriages with support rollers and flap displacement guide rails. Main link top part has stiff panels articulated therewith whereto connected are tie-rods articulated with rotary board levers via panel drive rocker and mid tie-rods. Said panel is arranged at flap main link front while rotary board levers are articulated via turn tie rods with release/retract mechanisms.

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Aerial Target Tracking

So-called active towed sonar systems typically have both a towed line array of acoustic receiving elements and also a towed sound source. The active towed sonar systems can generate acoustic pulses with the towed sound source. The sound pulses travel through the water, and impinge upon an object, for example, a ship, submarine or a mine, creating echoes therefrom. The towed line array of acoustic receiving elements used in the active towed sonar system can receive the echoes from the targets. Typically, the active towed sonar system has processing electronics that can, from the received echoes, detect the target, that can localize the target and that can classify the target.

Conventional towed active sonar systems us a first winch and a first associated tow cable to tow the line array of acoustic receiving elements and a second winch and a second associated tow cable to tow the towed sound source. Having two winches and two tow cables tends to result in excessive use of ship deck space and also complex deployment techniques.

17 drawings

FGOU VPO VAIU Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This invention relates to telescopic sights of guidance systems of controlled objects and can be used in air defense fire control systems.

The method comprises detecting an aerial target; selecting angular aiming speed of an electro-optical module (EOM) by superimposing the cross on a monitor screen with the target; turning the EOM into an automatic target tracking mode by inputting an image of the target into a tracking gate and issuing a Capture command; measuring the current range to the target by emitting laser radiation towards the target and receiving the radiation reflected from the target; controlling the spatial position of the laser radiation towards the target by issuing control commands, which correspond to angular coordinates of the target, to a two-dimensional acousto-optical deflector; converting the digital code of the range into a video signal; display thereof on a monitor in the form of a digital inscription; determining angular velocities of the aerial target and the drive of the EOM; determining the value and direction of the necessary changes of the angular velocities of the drive of the EOM by comparing angular velocities of the target and the drive of the EOM; issuing a recommendation to the pointer of a portable system on the required value and direction of changing angular velocity of the drive of the EOM. The reported effect is high reliability of tracking high-speed and maneuvering targets.

2 drawings

Robotic Complex for Intelligence and Fire Support

Towed Sonar Arrays Raytheon Country of origin: USA Language: English Some sonar systems employ sonar elements towed by a ship. Socalled passive towed sonar systems typically have a towed line array of acoustic receiving elements. The passive towed sonar systems can passively receive sounds radiated by targets, for example, ships or submarines. Typically, the passive towed sonar system has processing capabilities that can, from the received sounds, detect the target, that can localize the target, and that can classify the target.

Zavod im. V.A. Degtjareva Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This design describes a robotic complex for intelligence and fire support is built as per a modular principle and includes the following functionally completed modules and mounted equipment. A chassis is of a track-type version, and the chassis housing is loadcarrying and welded of armored steel plates. A control system of a platform is additionally equipped with a survey control and orientation system that includes independent navigation equipment, mechanical speed sensors and satellite navigation equipment, which are connected to a central computer. An electrical power supply system of the robotic complex has two voltage ratings for a power plant of a propeller, an on-board power circuit of facilities and the mounted equipment. For each voltage rating, a provision is made for a lithium-iron phosphate storage battery. The electrical power supply system is provided with a microprocessor charge control

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Defense Innovations unit and a diesel generator. The robotic complex is also provided with a collision warning system consisting of an interface unit and ultrasonic sensors.

6 drawings

Deployable Automated Refueling Buoy for Unmanned Systems

U.S. Navy Country of origin: USA Language: English This invention is directed towards a class of surface water vessels that include aluminum-hulled vessels of about 40 feet that displace more 20,000 pounds of water. These vessels may be unmanned surface vessels (USVs) that may be powered by diesel engines and twin propellers or waterjets. The fuel capacity is generally 400 to 800 gallons, which translates to a limited endurance while performing the mission for which they were designed. All must be brought to the mission area by a larger host vessel.

Generally, each USV must be retrieved from the sea and brought on board the host vessel to be refueled. This reduces the percentage of time the USVs are conducting their mission, reducing their effectiveness and also causing the host vessel to remain relatively close to the mission area. While recovering, the host vessel may be restricted in course and speed, unable to launch and recover other USVs, and not able to operate other systems, which limit its efficiency. If the host vessel can only launch/recover one USV at a time (as is typically the case), this creates a queuing problem for groups of USVs and subtracts from the total mission time available as all must wait while each unit is replenished and re-launched before returning to the mission area. Deteriorating sea conditions may make recovery difficult, dangerous or impossible and disrupt the USVs mission.

Recently, the U.S. Navy has been developing and working on arrangements for the at-sea refueling of USVs. There are many difficulties associated with open-water refueling, such as, for example, unpredictable sea states, and difficulty in obtaining a proper connection between the USV and the fueling station to avoid spillage. It is therefore desired to have an at-sea refueling station that overcomes the pitfalls of at-sea refueling, and

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obviates the need for using a host vessel to provide this service, allowing the host vessel to conduct other missions simultaneously or stand off from a potentially hazardous area.

3 drawings

Counteraction to Optical-Electronic Laser-Guided Systems

NII OEhP Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian In this design a method of counteraction to optical-electronic laser-guided systems with laser targeting (OELSG), the irradiating laser impulses are registered and generate interfering laser impulses in the certain method right after registration of each irradiating laser impulse.

The device of counteraction to optical-electronic laser-guided systems contains a laser radiation receiver, an amplification and converting signal processing unit, a laser starting pulse shaper, a laser, a unit of induction of interfering laser impulses and its control unit, an evaluator of minimum time interval between irradiating laser impulses connected in certain way.

The reported effect is high efficiency of OELSG counteraction at any time-and-frequency sequence of irradiating impulses.

2 drawings

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Underwater Load-Carrier Lockheed Martin Country of origin: USA Language: English Underwater mining includes mining nodules lying on the bottom surface of an ocean. Nodules contain valuable minerals such as manganese. Underwater mining operation includes mining the nodules and bringing the nodules to a surface ship to be processed or transported to a processing location.

An underwater load-carrier (load-carrier) is disclosed that includes an underwater-balloon detachably attached to a container. The container is initially loaded with ballast through a loading hose connected to a connector disposed on a top surface of a hopper of the container. The ballast may be salt in a solid form (salt), tailings, which are waste product of a mineral extraction process, or salt and tailings as a mixture or in alloy form. The container loaded with ballast is lowered into the water of an ocean from a ship platform, attached to the underwater-balloon and allowed to descend to an ocean bottom. At the ocean bottom, a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) connects the load-carrier to a mining-vehicle by an umbilical cord through which nodules are loaded into, power is supplied to and communication is established with the container.

The container includes a controller that controls ejectors such as screws. The controller controls a buoyancy of the load-carrier and a load in the container (everything that is not part of the container) by ejecting ballast while the mining-vehicle loads nodules into the container. In this way, the controller adjusts the buoyancy of the load-carrier and the load to maintain a positive altitude of the load-carrier above the ocean bottom. Ejectors include detectors that detect whether nodules or ballast are being ejected.

When nodules are ejected, then loading of nodules into the container may be stopped. Where more than one ejector is installed, loading of nodules may be stopped when all ejectors are ejecting nodules.

When nodule loading is completed, the container further ejects nodules and/or ballast until load-carrier reaches a desired buoyancy sufficient to ascend the load-carrier at a desired speed. The ROV disconnects the container from the mining-vehicle and the load carrier lifts the load of nodules to an ocean surface. After surfacing, the container is hoisted onto the ship platform and nodules are unloaded into a cargo hold of the ship. The container is reloaded with ballast and lowered back into the ocean to continue the underwater mining operation.

19 drawings

Infrared Radiation-Absorbing Composition for Soaking Textile Articles Chistjakov Savva Sergeevich Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This invention relates to compositions intended for absorbing infrared radiation generated by external sources of electromagnetic waves in the infrared spectrum and infrared radiation coming from the object itself. The composition for soaking textile articles contains the following components (vol %): mineral, semisynthetic and synthetic industrial liquid hydrocarbons in the form of multi-grade engine oil or food-grade vegetable liquid hydrocarbons in the form of foodgrade vegetable oils - 99; pigment-dye – soot in the form of monochromic, black, nonmagnetic, mechanical toner, which is uniformly distributed in the medium of said liquid hydrocarbons - 1.

The reported effect is the improved absorption of infrared radiation when the object is irradiated with electromagnetic waves in the infrared spectrum.

Airdrop Controller System Boeing Country of origin: USA Language: English Airdrops are typically used to deliver cargo to various locations in which other types of cargo delivery systems may not be able to access as easily or as quickly. Airdrops may be used to re-supply troops, provide humanitarian aid, deliver equipment, deliver vehicles and for other suitable types of purposes.

An airdrop may be performed using an airdrop system that comprises a payload attached to a parachute. The airdrop system also may be steered towards a target location as the airdrop system descends toward the ground. Airdrops may include low-velocity airdrops, high-velocity airdrops, free-fall airdrops, high-altitude airdrops, low-altitude airdrops and other suitable types of airdrops.

An airdrop system may include, for example, a parachute, a payload, electric or pyro-electric actuators, a computer, a global positioning system, navigation control software and other suitable types of components. The actuators may be attached to a structure on which a payload is located or may be attached directly to the payload. These actuators may be controlled by the computer, the navigation control software running on the computer and possibly with the use of a global positioning system to control the flight path of the airdrop system toward a target location.

In designing and manufacturing airdrop systems, the cost of components may be a factor in selecting components for an airdrop system. Oftentimes, after the airdrop occurs, some or all of these components may not be reusable or may not be returned for future airdrops. For example, a parachute or pallet on which cargo is placed in the airdrop system may be rendered unusable during the landing of the airdrop system. In other examples, circumstances may prevent recovery of these components. For example, a human operator receiving the cargo may be unable to transport the different components of the airdrop system. Present airdrop control is

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Defense Innovations accomplished with single-purpose devices useful only for control during the airdrop mission segment.

As a result, these components may be left at the target location or destroyed. Thus, it is desirable to increase the usefulness of an airdrop system.

12 drawings

Ice-Breaking Pusher Adapter FGUP Krylovskij gosudarstvennyj nauchnyj tsentr Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This invention relates to shipbuilding, particularly to ice-breaking facilities operated in combination with tug. Propose ice-breaking adapter pushed by pusher tug is intended for making of navigable waterways in ices. Adapter hulls are composed of front and two lateral rigidly interconnected frame structure for tight contact with pusher tug.

Said hulls feature a broken flat stern in shape approximating to triangle at waterline level. Lateral hulls feature equal width and are shifted downward from the main hull so that the line extending through their stems level with the waterline is spaced from the parallel line extending level with waterline through main hull stem-post at least 0.1 of the main hull width in its midship. Said lateral hulls are located on both sides from the main hull so that their midship planes are spaced from ice-breaker midship plane by distance I defined by a pre-set formula..

Device for tight contact of said adapter with pusher tug is arranged at frame structure to extend by magnitude b making at least 3 m beyond the line passing through lateral hull stem-posts.

The reported effect is higher safety of navigation in ice.

1 drawing

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Ice Breaker for Operation in Shallow Freezing Sea Areas FGUP Krylovskij gosudarstvennyj nauchnyj tsentr Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This invention relates to shipbuilding, particularly to ice-breaker vessels and pusher tugs to be operated in shallow iced areas. Ice-breakers comprises hull with sledge-type stern counter and steering mover complex arranged in the latter and including two paddle propulsors arranged on sides as well as two whirligig steering columns provided with two propeller screws and arranged in symmetry about the ice-breaker center line. Stern counter at structural waterline area features ice-breaking shape with expressed wedge-shape with taper angle in waterline making 90-180 degrees and with surface inclined to vertical, at least 30 degrees.

Ice-protection nose is formed in stern counter perimeter, features wedge-like cross-section and does not extend beyond ship hull. Said nose extends in fore direction beyond the screw propeller disc plane by magnitude not exceeding two diameters of said propulsors. This nose features height whereat its bottom edge at stern is spaced from rotational axes of screw propellers by at least half the radius of said propellers.

The reported effect is better maneuverability in ice.

3 drawings

Hull and Rotary Rudder Propellers Although originally described as being designed for a fishing vessel, this proposed one-hull multi-deck vessel with underwater part shaped to flatfish pontoon design equipped with propulsion complex. Living quarter deck at top deck is shifted toward fore to make exposed fishing deck. Underwater fore part has bulbed end shaped to oval. The underwater section ratio varies from 1.5 to 2.6. Propulsive complex is composed of two steering complexes arranged at the hull aft and lifting steering column at hull fore.

3 drawings

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Conversion of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian Method of conversion of vertical take-off and landing aircraft with a wing and the lifting propeller consisting of a disk from which during take off and landing blades of the lifting propeller are released. The plane wing is mounted according to the highwing monoplane configuration. In its center wing section, a disk is placed, the top part of which during take-off or landing is released from the center wing section into air flow; the disk is brought to rotation and is converted into the lifting propeller, releasing blades from it. During cruising flight, the blades are taken away into the disk, the disk rotation is stopped and its top part is taken away into the center wing section, which form with it a common, well-streamlined surface.

The reported effect is an increase in speed, flying range and decrease of fuel consumption.

2 drawings

component of T-shaped profile of reactive torque equalizers can be made in the form wing profile or in form of arc.

28 drawings

Transport Aircraft for Space Rockets Carrying and Acceleration in

Atmospheric Flying Saucer Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This (wacky? – editor’s note!) invention relates to aviation, in particular, to vertical take-off and landing aircraft. The atmospheric flying saucer has body, jet engine, flight deck with steering wheel, instrument panel, pilot seat and passenger seat. The body consists of radial side members, outer upper rubs, inner upper ribs, outer lower ribs, cabin side members. Engine and fuel tank are installed above flying saucer body in engine nacelle the lower part of which has a nozzle and is mounted on stems of hydraulic cylinders installed on outer upper ribs. Profile of outer upper ribs follows wing upper part form where the front edge is the most distant from vertical symmetry axis of flying saucer, and the rear edge transits into conical surface of inner upper ribs.

Profile of outer upper ribs can follow form of upper rear wing part where wing profile rear point is the most distant from symmetry axis of flying saucer, and wing profile bend point coincides with end point of inner upper rib. Chord of wing profile can have angle of slope relative to horizontal line of 0° to 90°. Vertical

Stratosphere Country of origin: Russia Language: Russia This invention relates to aircraft engineering. Transport aircraft for space rockets carrying and acceleration in stratosphere includes two fuselages, chassis, vertical stabilizers, engines, wing consisting of central part and two outer wing panels, where engines are mounted, and cradles-guides for attachment of the mentioned rockets. It is provided with additional wing with engines on consoles, which are mounted on top ends of vertical stabilizers. Rear parts of fuselages are linked by aerodynamically clean crosspiece.

The cradles-guides are attached to top surfaces of wing central part and on crosspiece.

The reported effect is an increase in mass of space rockets brought into Earth stratosphere and improved controllability.

9 drawings

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Defense Innovations Flight Management of an Aircraft During a Landing Phase Airbus Operations SAS Country of origin: France Language: English It is known that, usually and according to a standard procedure, in order to land, an aircraft descends from a start of descent altitude to a predetermined altitude (generally of the order of 3,000 feet) whilst maintaining a constant speed. When it arrives at this predetermined altitude, the aircraft decelerates down to an intermediate speed. The aircraft then intercepts a descent alignment path corresponding to the airport and to the runway used. The standard slope during the final approach is fixed at. During this phase, the aircraft continues to decelerate whilst extending the slats, the flaps and the landing gear in order to change into the landing configuration. At about 1,000 feet above the ground, the aircraft maintains a selected stabilized approach (which depends on the configuration of the aircraft and on the meteorological conditions) down to 50 feet above the threshold of the runway, and then it initiates a flare in order to come into contact with the runway and complete its landing.

It is known that one of the many objectives of those involved in aeronautics (aircraft manufacturers, airports andair companies) is to reduce the environmental impacts (noise, fuel consumption) in the vicinity of airports.

The final approach is generally located on a path defined by beams (of the “locating” and “glide path” type) of an ILS (Instrument Landing System), which imposes the location of an aiming point; that is to say a point where the descent path joins the runway.

New navigation technologies now make it possible to carry out satellite-guided approaches. Approaches for which only lateral guidance is provided are called non-precision approaches, for example when only GPSs (Global Positioning Systems) are used. On the other hand, precision approaches refer to cases where the aircraft is also guided in the vertical plane, having recourse to systems such as the GLS (GBAS Landing System, where GBAS signifies “Ground-Based Augmentation System). In the case of non-precision approaches or of no-constraints precision approaches using ground guidance means like the ILS or the MLS, the pilot can be free to position his plan of approach. However, he practically always chooses to take, for safety and though lack of knowledge of the minimum braking distance required for the actual conditions (conditions at the moment of landing), the runway threshold as a reference point, from which the aiming point is derived.

The present invention relates to a method and a device for aiding the flight management of an aircraft, in particular a transport aircraft, during a phase of landing on an airport.

The reported effect is a higher reliability of unfolding.

4 drawings

Reinforced Polymer Composite Wing Box Otkrytoe aktsionernoe obshchestvo Natsional'nyj institut aviatsionnykh tekhnologij Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This invention relates to the structure of the wing box of the aircraft.

Wing box comprises the outer rigid power massive frame formed by the front and rear longerons and ribs and outer skin, forming the aerodynamic contour and secured on the outer surface of the frame.

In this case, the wing box comprises the inner massive power frame, composed from individual grid power units transversely spaced relative to longerons, that fill the space inside the outer frame and fixed on longerons.

The reported effects are weight reduction and improvement of operational reliability of the aircraft wing, increase in hardness, bending and torsion resistance.

9 drawings

Projectile Steering Surface Korporatsija Takticheskoe raketnoe vooruzhenie Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This invention relates to aircraft and rocket engineering. Folding steering surface of “airborne hitting means” (projectile – editor’s note) comprises the base composed of two symmetric halves secured by fasteners, folding support and tension spring fitted in said base.

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Assembly for Stealth Vehicle Thales Country of origin: France Language: French The invention relates to a metal shell assembly for a vehicle that is of revolution about a longitudinal axis comprising stiffeners with a periodic distribution having a period and comprising a plurality of resonant annular acousto-mechanical elementary structures indexed according to an index and arranged respectively in a plurality of positions along the longitudinal axis and having respectively a plurality of resonant frequencies, a metal internal layer having internal acoustic impedance and a radial internal thickness, an intermediate layer having an intermediate acoustic impedance and a radial intermediate thickness an an external layer made up of a portion of the shell of a length substantially equal to said period and centred on said longitudinal position. In addition, at least one of the resonant frequencies of an elementary structure is contained within a determined frequency band containing frequencies of acoustic waves dependent on the periodic distribution of the stiffeners, and at least one of the radial thicknesses can be varied according to the index so that the resonant frequencies associated with the radial thicknesses are also variable.

12 drawings

VTOL Hydroplane and Engine Thrust Vector Deflector TANTK im. G.M. Berieva Country of origin: Russia Language: Russia This invention relates to rotorcraft, namely, to VTOL aircraft.

VTOL hydroplane is equipped with thrust vector deflector arranged atop center section shaped to inverted V and two boats fuselages with inflatable floats and crew cabins. Two wing panels and tail unit are rigidly jointed with boats fuselages. Hydroplane is provided with jet rudders arranged at the ends of wing panels, tail unit and cantilever beam ahead of center section. Thrust vector deflector makes an extension of the engine discharge channel that changes over to square or rectangular cross section subject to the number of engines in the stack. Said deflector directs gas flow at 90 degrees to make a vault with surface composed by surfaces of rotary blades that face said discharge channel. On opposite side, said blades are shaped to wing profile top part. Gas flow outlet is provided with several rotary blades.

The reported effect is to rule out unbalance at failure of one or more engines at hovering and VTOL. 9 drawings

Small Smart Weapon Lone Star IP Holdings Country of origin: USA Language: English Present rules of engagement demand that precision guided weapons and weapon systems are necessary. According to welldocumented reports, precision guided weapons have made up about 53 percent of all strike weapons employed by the United States from 1995 to 2003. The trend toward the use of precision weapons will continue. Additionally, strike weapons are used throughout a campaign, and in larger numbers than any other class of weapons. This trend will be even more pronounced as unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) take on attack roles.

Each weapon carried on a launch platform (e.g., aircraft, ship and artillery) must be tested for safety, compatibility, and effectiveness. In some cases, these qualification tests can cost more to perform than the costs of the development of the weapon system.

As a result, designers often choose to be constrained by earlier qualifications. In the case of smart weapons, this qualification includes data compatibility efforts. Examples of this philosophy can

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Defense Innovations be found in the air-to-ground munitions (AGM)-154 joint standoff weapon (JSOW), which was integrated with a number of launch platforms. In the process, a set of interfaces were developed, and a number of other systems have since been integrated which used the data sets and precedents developed by the AGM-154. Such qualifications can be very complex.

An additional example is the bomb live unit (BLU)-116, which is essentially identical to the BLU-109 warhead in terms of weight, center of gravity and external dimensions. However, the BLU-116 has an external “shroud” of light metal (presumably aluminum alloy or something similar) and a core of hard, heavy metal. Thus, the BLU-109 was employed to reduce qualification costs of the BLU116.

Another means used to minimize the time and expense of weapons integration is to minimize the changes to launch platform software. As weapons have become more complex, this has proven to be difficult. As a result, the delay in operational deployment of new weapons has been measured in years, often due solely to the problem of aircraft software integration.

Some weapons such as the Paveway II laser guided bomb [also known as the guided bomb unit (GBU)-12] have no data or power interface to the launch platform. Clearly, it is highly desirable to minimize this form of interface and to, therefore, minimize the cost and time needed to achieve military utility.

Another general issue to consider is that low cost weapons are best designed with modularity in mind. This generally means that changes can be made to an element of the total weapon system, while retaining many existing features, again with cost and time in mind.

Another consideration is the matter of avoiding unintended damage, such as damage to non-combatants. Such damage can take many forms, including direct damage from an exploding weapon, or indirect damage. Indirect damage can be caused by a “dud” weapon going off hours or weeks after an attack, or if an enemy uses the weapon as an improvised explosive device. The damage may be inflicted on civilians or on friendly forces.

One term of reference is “danger close,” which is the term included in the method of engagement segment of a call for fire that indicates that friendly forces or non-combatants are within close proximity of the target. The close proximity distance is determined by the weapon and munition fired. In recent United States engagements, insurgent forces fighting from urban positions have been difficult to attack due to such considerations.

To avoid such damage, a number of data elements may be provided to the weapon before launch, examples of such data include information about coding on a laser designator, so the weapon will home in on the right signal. Another example is global positioning system (GPS) information about where the weapon should go, or areas that must be avoided. Other examples could be cited, and are familiar to those skilled in the art.

Therefore, what is needed is a small smart weapon that can be accurately guided to an intended target with the effect of destroying that target with little or no collateral damage of other nearby locations. Also, what is needed is such a weapon having many of the characteristics of prior weapons already qualified

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in order to substantially reduce the cost and time for effective deployment.

4 drawings

Nanocomposite Optical Ceramic Dome Raytheon Country of origin: USA Language: English Outwardly looking radar, infrared and/or visible-light sensors built into vehicles such as aircraft or missiles are usually protected by a covering termed a dome. The dome serves as a window that transmits the radiation sensed by the sensor. The dome can also act as a structural element that protects the sensor and that can carry aerodynamic loadings. In many cases, the dome can protect a forward-looking sensor, wherein the dome bears large aerostructural loadings.

Where the vehicle moves relatively slowly, as in the case of helicopters, subsonic aircraft, and ground vehicles, some domes are made of nonmetallic organic materials that have good energy transmission and low-signal distortion, and can support small-tomoderate structural loadings at low-to-intermediate temperatures.

For those vehicles that fly much faster, such as hypersonic aircraft or missiles flying in the Mach 3-20 range, nonmetallic organic materials are inadequate for use in domes because aerodynamic friction heats the dome above the maximum operating temperature of the organic material.

In such cases, the dome is typically made of a ceramic material that can withstand elevated temperatures and that has good energy transmission characteristics. However, existing ceramics, such as sapphire, have the shortcoming that they are relatively brittle and non-elastic. The likelihood of fracture can be increased by the presence of small surface defects in the ceramic and externally imposed stresses and strains. The ceramic dome can be hermetically attached

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to the body of the missile, which is typically made of a metal with high-temperature strength, such as a titanium alloy.

Ceramic material has a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), while the metal missile body typically has a relatively high CTE. Changing the temperature of the missile body and dome can result in a CTE mismatch, which can create or induce strain between the dome and the missile body when the two are joined.

This can greatly increase the propensity of the dome to fracture in a brittle manner and can lead to failure of the sensor and ultimately failure of the missile. In one typical example, the dome and the missile body are joined by brazing at approximately 1,000 degrees F. At this temperature, there is effectively little to no strain in the joint due to a CTE mismatch. A temperature change can occur as the parts cool from the joining temperature. Additional temperature changes can occur, for example, when the missile is carried on board a launch aircraft or during service, in which the temperature can drop to -55 degrees F. The difference in temperature between 1,000 degrees F. and -55 degrees F. can create the greatest CTE mismatch that the dome and missile body experience and, therefore, the greatest strain between the dome and the missile body.

In other words, the maximum CTE mismatch stress occurs at low temperatures, when the substantially “zero stress state� at braze temperature is at its greatest difference.

To account for this CTE mismatch between the dome and missile body, some designs comprise multiple parts coupled by brazing and include transition elements to reduce the severity of CTE mismatching in stages. For example, a transition element may have an intermediate CTE relative to the dome and missile body to allow the dome to be coupled indirectly to the missile body. The result is a complex design that may also require additional aerodynamic components and sealing of joints and gaps between components, such as with polysulfide.

5 drawings

Aircraft Power Supply System VVA Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This system comprises accumulator batteries, control, adjustment and protection equipment, DC-AC converter, thermoelectric elements consisting of hot- and cold-junction heat exchangers, and a charge controller. The hot-junction heat exchangers are mounted at inner surfaces of combustion chambers, flame stabilizers and turbojet engine afterburner. The cold junction heat exchangers are mounted at the aircraft outer skin. The charge controller is coupled to output of thermoelectric elements and to input of accumulator batteries as well to input of DC-AC converter. Outputs of DC-AC converter as well as DC-DC outputs are the device outputs. Output of the DC-AC converter is connected to input of the controlling, adjusting and protecting unit. Output of accumulator batteries is coupled to DC-DC input of the converter. Output of the DC-DC converter is coupled to the input of the controlling, adjusting and protecting unit.

Output of the controlling, adjusting and protecting unit is coupled to input of the accumulator batteries.

The reported effect is to provide power supply to consumers when generators are not available.

2 drawings

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Defense Innovations Guidance Rolling Missile and Guidance System Konstruktorskoe bjuro Priborostroenija Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian An error signal containing information about the missile deviation and interference, is additionally summed with the error signal shifted with respect to the source in the direction of delay for a time equal to half the period of the harmonic signal of interference. At that, adjustment of the delay time is inversely proportional to the frequency of rotation about the roll axis, provides interference suppression of variable frequency changing during the missile flight.

The guidance system of the rolling missile additionally comprises serially connected clamped amplifier, the second link with adjustable delay time and the second summing amplifier, which output is connected to the second input of the modulator, the second input is connected to the output of the first summing amplifier, connected with the output to the second input of the second link with adjustable time delay. The clamped amplifier input is connected to an output of the period meter.

The reported effect is an increase in accuracy of missile guidance in the presence of interference in signals of coordinates at double rotation rate about the roll axis of the missile.

3 drawings

Retaining and Deploying Canards Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. Country of origin: USA Language: English During the launch of a projectile, it is desired to have retractable canards, which are retained within the projectile and subsequent to launch the canards unfold from within the projectile and extend into the airstream. Slots in the projectile housing are provided to accommodate deployment of the canards from within the projectile to the outside airstream. These slots increase drag on the projectile, reducing the range for the projectile launch, and expose the inner components to environmental conditions, such as electromagnetic interference. To solve these problems, slot covers can be used.

Existing mechanisms for canard cover ejection and canard deployment on launched projectiles are known in the art. In the past, mechanisms for canard deployment typically employ multiple pyrotechnics to eject the canard cover and additional spring-loaded mechanisms to deploy the canards. Using separate pyrotechnics and spring-loaded mechanisms to eject the covers and deploy the canards makes it difficult to synchronize the deployment of the canards, therein creating instability if one canard deploys before another, and increases the cost and the complexity of the deploying mechanism.

The invention relates to retention and deployment systems for canards and more particularly to systems and methods for retaining and deploying canards and canard covers on a projectile.

11 drawings

Folding Airfoil NPO Mashinostroenija Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This concept describes a folding airfoil comprises center section and panel articulated therewith at center section coaxially with folding axis and allow the contact between pusher and screw rod. Said rod is fitted in two aligned cylindrical bores, one being located at center section and provided with screw grooves for screw rod ledges to fit in while another bore is made in aforesaid panel. Said rod and panel bore make a sliding slotted joint. Rod-slotted joint side end has threaded bore aligned with rod axis while center section wall

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on side of said end has bore for access to threaded bore. Centre section has height-adjustable ledge for panel thrust at turn through opening angle.

The reported effect is perfected aerodynamics, optimum application of the drive.

3 drawings

Combined Shaped Lining for High-Speed Compact Element Formation

Launch and Recovery System Israeli Aerospace Industries Country of origin: Israel Language: English An underwater launch and recovery system is disclosed including: a surface water vehicle; at least one underwater vehicle; a docking system for selectively docking and undocking each underwater vehicle with respect to the surface vehicle at a selectively controllable water depth. The docking system includes a docking port for enabling the underwater vehicle to be selectively engaged and disengaged with respect to the docking system, the docking port being connected to the surface water vehicle via a movable connector. The movable connector is configured for: providing a predetermined said water depth to said docking port for enabling said selectively docking and undocking, and for decoupling at least surface heave movement of surface water vehicle from underwater heave movement of the docking port at said predetermined water depth. Also disclosed are methods for underwater launch and recovery.

8 drawings

NII SM, SM-4 Country of origin: Russia Language: Russia The combined shaped lining for high-speed compact element formation includes jet-forming part of hemispheric shape interfacing with a cylindrical cutoff part. Thickness of jet-forming part of shaped lining decreases from hemisphere top to its base from (0.08-0.1)RC to (0.03-0.05)RC where RC is the external radius of the hemisphere.

Thickness of cylindrical cutoff part of shaped lining is 0.5-1.0 of the hemisphere base thickness.

The reported effect is increased speed of high-speed compact elements.

5 drawings

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Defense Innovations Piracy Protection System Thales Country of origin: France Language: French The invention relates to a piracy protection system for the detection of suspect vessels around a vessel to be protected, the piracy protection system comprising a processing unit configured to determine, for each vessel in the proximity of the vessel to be protected: - a behavior indicator, - an overall risk indicator, and/or - a coherence indicator, and to determine both the piracy risk indicator of each vessel as a function of the corresponding behavior indicator, as well as at least one indicator from the corresponding overall risk and coherence indicators.

compensation, actuator mechanism, mechanism of handles, actuator mechanism with locking device.

The reported effect is a simple design and improved reliability of locking.

27 drawings

Superstructure for a Ship

Aircraft Door

DCNS Country of origin: France Language: French The invention relates to a superstructure for a naval platform, comprising a plating and a floor, the floor being applied to the plating and suitable for fixing to a deck of the naval platform, said superstructure being characterized in that the floor is detachably fixed to the plating and suitable for fixing to said deck independent from the plating and at a distance therefrom.

10 drawings

Tupolev Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This aircraft door comprises the door leaf and upper hinge mechanism, comprising two pivoting levers, interconnected by means of rigid element, control rod with roller, and carrier, pivotally coupled by the first end to the control rod. Door also comprises two rockers, pivotally coupled by first ends to the door leaf, and traverse of upper hinge mechanism, pivotally coupled to the second ends of the rockers, to the first ends of pivoted levers and to the second end of the control rod. In this case, the axes of hinge connections of rockers with door leaf and traverse are parallel to each other and arranged horizontally, axes of hinge connections of traverse of upper hinge mechanism with the first ends of pivoting levers and with the second end of control rod, axis of roller, axes of elements of hinge connections at the second ends of pivoting levers and at the second end of carrier are parallel to each other and arranged vertically.

Door may also contain the stabilizing mechanism and weight

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Adjustment Shield Konstruktorskoe bjuro priborostroenija im. akademika A.G. Shipunova Country of origin: Russia Language: Russia This adjustment shield simulates forward radio signals and radio signals specularly reflected from the earth, propagating from a missile and a target to a final homing area. The adjustment shield is located in the far zone of a radio direction-finding antenna and comprises laser and infrared emitters. To simulate signals from a missile transponder and signals reflected from a target, the shield is provided with a radio pulse generator with a frequency synthesizer.

The reported effect is a high accuracy of adjustment.

3 drawings

is an electrical system not an electronic one. No high-profile technical knowledge is needed to operate or repair this system, just some basic knowledge of electrical theory.

12 drawings

Airborne Vehicle (unmanned)

Emergency Helicopter Shipboard Landing Henry Lewis Country of origin: USA Language: English Sometimes visibility can change within minutes, and helicopters operations from small surface ships can be cut short by rough seas, low visibility and darkness, landing being by far the greatest problem. This invention is designed to greatly help solve this problem in an economical way; a system that is effective and reduces the need for at least some of the costly electronic systems. This is an electrical system not an electronic one.

Radars can be too powerful to be used at short ranges. Some can have blind spots close to the ship because of sea return. Others are not designed for tracking helicopters all the way to the deck.

To guide a helicopter all the way to the deck, a high-resolution surface surveillance radar with effective filters that take away sea and rain clutter. Integrated with the radar is an electro-optical infrared camera to provide a clearer picture of the helicopter to the controllers. The above system can solve the problem. Then there is the cost factor to consider for the above and other highly technical electronic systems.

On a small ship especially, visibility can suddenly deteriorate to a degree that, the approach for landing a helicopter becomes a hazardous task. For visual landing in rough seas, low visibility and darkness, this light system alone, or in combination with one or more less complex electronic systems for added safety can be used. Better visibility will be possible for the air crew to make a safe approach and landing. This

Country of origin: Russia Language: Russian This design describes a miniature remote-control aircraft comprises airfoil, two screw propellers and weight, its position being varied to vary the center of gravity of miniature aircraft. Airfoil is located above the plane defined by rotational axes of screw propellers to develop the lift. Airfoil is composed of a top airfoil arranged above bottom airfoil.

This miniature aircraft represents a flying wing design. Aircraft in-flight position with respect to lengthwise axis and/or aircraft vertical axis can be adjusted by the difference in propulsion, preferably between rpm of screw propellers. If used as a reconnaissance plane it can be equipped with monitoring means.

The design is reportedly is a: compact and durable structure with perfected flight characteristics.

3 drawings

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