Can Private Tuition Promote Independent Learning? Often, a tutor is employed as an emergency measure to assist with examination preparation, or when a pupil feels they are struggling or have become behind with lessons. By then it can often be too late. A key advantage of private tuition, and one that is often overlooked, is the way in which tutoring can promote independent learning and independence of thought. Indeed, this is what the best tutors seek to develop in their tutees. Developing the skills to think and learn independently is a key factor in gaining the elusive A* in all subjects, especially in English and English Literature. Furthermore, independent learners are less likely to find the transition to University overwhelming and are in turn more likely to successfully complete their degree course. Private tuition can be a significant factor in allowing a pupil to develop this crucial skill early on. Furthermore, it can be spread more cost-effectively over the course of a term, a holiday period, or even several years, instead of a crash course of emergency examination preparation during two weeks of the holidays. How then, can private tuition promote independent thought and allow a pupil to take control of their own learning? 1. Assessment for learning. Successful teachers will always incorporate peer marking as one way of allowing pupils to assess their own progress. This is vital if pupils are to become familiar with the assessment objectives and understand how they can improve. However, it is also important that pupils are critical of their own work, learning how to develop and edit their ideas. Not only is this a vital skill for the highest grades in public examinations, but it is a key life skill that needs to be learned and developed from an early age. One to one coaching in the process of editing and re-drafting one’s work pays immense dividends in learning how to meet the assessment objectives and clarify one’s argument. Tailored tuition allows pupils to identify personal areas of difficulty and put in place targets for improvement. Furthermore, this process encourages pupils to approach their teachers with specific questions which will enable them to improve their essays, rather than: ‘please read this and tell me what grade it is and how I can improve it.’ This sort of question can be detrimental to a pupil’s progress for several reasons and a good teacher will discourage this type of question. For a start, examination boards restrict the amount of feedback a teacher is able to give on a coursework draft, meaning that only generic advice can be given to this type of question. Furthermore, teachers can only give feedback on one coursework draft as a whole, whereas they can answer as many specific questions about the text as they like. Even if feedback is being sought for a noncoursework essay, specific questions targeted at areas in which the pupil is struggling are far more helpful and effective than a generic ‘please read this.’ Consider the following question: ‘In this paragraph of the text, I am struggling to understand why war imagery is employed. Could we discuss this and how it might relate to my essay title?’ Clearly, this is going to allow a far more detailed discussion. Private tuition will develop a pupil’s ability to be more critical of their own work, understanding how they write and where the areas of weakness in their writing are likely to be. This will help them identify specific areas in which they need support. With all the goodwill in the world, teachers simply do not have the resource of time that they would like to spend with each individual and this is where private