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C A L E N D A R
한 옥, 자 연과 삶 이 하나가 되는 곳
2017 Calendar
HANOK, Where Life and Nature Become One Published by Korean Culture and Information Service (KOCIS) Director (Assistant Minister): Kim Kabsoo Government Complex-Sejong, 14-1, 408, Galmae-ro, Sejong-si, Korea Tel: +82-44-203-3300 http://www.kocis.go.kr Produced by Studio BAF Producer: Nami Rhee Art Director: Yeohyong Lee Designer: Min Han Editorial Advisor: Jang, Myung-Hee Design Advisor: Inn-Seok Park English Translation: Connie Kim Printed by Munsung Printing Photo Copyright: · Cultural Heritage Administration: Main image of March, May, August, October/Sub image of May, September · DongChun Lee: Main image of January, November /Sub image of January, February, March, July, August, October · HeunKang Seo: Main image of April, September, December /Sub image of April · GiDong Yeum: Main image of February, June, July /Sub image of June, December · Getty images korea: Images of intro pages · Topic Images: Sub image of November
HANOK, where life and nature become one 한 옥, 자 연 과 삶 이 하 나가 되 는 곳
Joseon (1392–1910) was a country that aspired to uphold the ideals of Neo-Confucianism, the core values of which rested on the pillars of hierarchy and order that regulated the life of every individual. At the center of Confucian society was the seonbi , the noble scholar, who lived according to the way of Confucius. Many seonbi held political office in the central government or retired to the countryside where they were at the center of local society, publically esteemed for intelligence and character. For the upper classes, their houses called hanok were a reflection of both social standing and Confucian ideals. The anchae , the women’s quarters, was where family events and celebrations were held. The separate sarangchae was the study for the head of the household where he also entertained guests. The sadang was the family shrine, making it the symbolic focal point for the family. In addition, the numaru (veranda) and jeongja (pavilion) provided a place for rest. The servants’ quarters called haengnang was separate from the main buildings, along with a storage room for supplies. Distinct quarters in the hanok were arranged to complement each other in form and function. For example, the anchae was located in close proximity to the sarangchae , where the
seonbi received his guests, but in keeping with the tradition
aesthetic awareness of the seonbi . At a time when there were
alleyways, through its front gates and from one room to
barring free access to the women’s quarters, the anchae was
no architects, the seonbi relied on their own knowledge and
another, discovering the way of life of the Koreans at that time.
separated from the sarangchae by a stone wall. These quarters
beliefs in designing their own homes.
were decorated with various patterns or Chinese characters
We will take you on a tour of a seonbi house from the Joseon
symbolizing blessings and aspirations that underscored the
Kingdom. We will go from the village center, along its narrow
Architectural terms of HANOK
Gungjip House Elevation
Gungjip House Floor Plan
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1 용마루 Yongmaru (The Ridge of a Roof )
1 안방 Anbang (Main Room)
2 기와 Giwa (Roofing Tile)
2 대청 Daechung (Wooden-floor Space)
4 처마 Cheoma (Eaves)
4 부엌 Bueok (Kitchen)
3 망와 Mangwa (Ridge End Cap Tile in the Shape of Goblins) 5 서까래 Seokkarae (Rafter)
6 기단 Gidan (Raised Platform)
7 기둥 Gidung (Pillar)
3 안마당 Anmadang (Inner Garden)
5 사랑채 Sarangchae (Men’s Quarters)
6 누마루 Numaru (Upper Floor) 7 대문 Daemun (Main Gate)
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Jirye Arts Village · Jiryeyesulchon-gil, Imdong-myeon, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36734, Rep. of KOREA
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Hills usually flanked the two sides and surrounded the back of a typical Korean village. The front of the village offered a grand view of the surrounding countryside, with a clear stream and a mountain facing it. Several generations, sometimes including great-grandparents, grandparents, parents and grandchildren, all lived in the same village. Meandering alleys connected houses to each other. Outside the main gate of each house, a narrow path called the gosat led out onto these alleyways. The gosat allowed enough space for each house to maintain privacy and independence as no two front gates faced each other directly. ▲ Namsa Yedam Hanok Village
Danseong-myeon, Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do,
52252, Rep. of KOREA
Kim Dong-su's House · 72-10, Gongdong-gil, Sanoe-myeon, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56122, Rep. of KOREA
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The main gate or soseul-daemun was at the end of the gosat, or narrow walkway. It was tall and wide enough for the owner to enter in a palanquin. When a family member had been designated by the king as a devoted son, a loyalist, or a virtuous woman, a plaque for filial piety or loyalty was placed on top of the main gate as a symbol of family pride. On ipchun, the beginning of spring, which falls in the First Month by the lunar calendar, people put ipchunbang, slips of paper containing writing or painting, on the main gate to celebrate the change of the season. These contained well-wishes for good health and fortune in the coming year, or they put up paintings of dragons or tigers to ward off evil spirits. The alleyways with these writings and paintings often resembled an exhibition hall. ▲ Inheung Village
16, Inheung 3-gil, Hwawon-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu,
42967, Rep. of KOREA
Manhoe Historic House · 51, Baraemi 1-gil, Bonghwa-eup, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36236, Rep. of KOREA
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Upon entering the main gate, you would approach the section reserved for the head of the household, the sarangchae, where the master of the house, together with his first son or heir, received guests and performed the duties of a true seonbi. The platform or gidan on which the sarangchae rested put it high above the other quarters, allowing the head of the household a view of his land as well as his household affairs. The higher the gidan, the more important his social and political status was. ▲ Nakseonjae Hall
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Changgyeonggung-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03072,
Rep. of KOREA
Seongyojang House · 63, Unjeong-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 25464, Rep. of KOREA
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To reach the anchae from the sarangchae, you have to pass through the jungmun, the inner gate. It was strictly forbidden for men to freely enter the anchae, where the women resided. Before entering the women’s quarters, it was proper etiquette for a guest to wait to be received outside the nae-oedam, low walls extending on each side of the jungmun, until the lady of the house had tidied herself and was ready to welcome her guest. ▲ Geonjae Historic House
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19-6, Oeamminsok-gil, Songak-myeon, Asan-si,
Chungcheongnam-do, 31557, Rep. of KOREA
Unjoru Pavilion · 59, Unjoru-gil, Toji-myeon, Gurye-gun, Jeollanam-do, 57624, Rep. of KOREA
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The anchae, located in a separate building, was the center of household activities where the women and children spent their day. It consisted of the main room called the anbang, the kitchen and a wooden-floor space, the daecheong that was open onto a garden, where family events took place. Whenever family events were held, the anchae bustled with activity while the anmadang, the inner garden, became a multi-purpose space. It served as an extension of the wooden-floor space when a daughter got married or for an ancestral ritual. It was also the place for drying freshly harvested peppers under the sun. ▲ Gungjip House
9, Pyeongnae-ro, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, 12224,
Rep. of KOREA
Mucheomdang House · 32-19, Yangdongmaeuran-gil, Gangdong-myeon, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38006, Rep. of KOREA
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June 2017 유월
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The framework of the hanok, the Korean traditional house, was completed by low walls connecting different wooden structural elements. These varied in size and number, depending on the status and wealth of the family. The traditional method for building a house used no nails, and yet, many
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of these wooden structures have endured for centuries. Beautiful decorative patterns were often added to enhance the aesthetic quality of the
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hanok. The ends of the eaves rose gently in soft curves. The rafters were laid out neatly under the eaves, fanning out at both ends. Because of the curved rafters, the giwa-tiled roofs do not appear as heavy as they actually are. ▲ Saun Historic House 989-22, Hongnamdong-ro, Janggok-myeon, Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 32299, Rep. of KOREA
Seoseokji Garden · 10, Seoseokji 1-gil, Ibam-myeon, Yeongyang-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36545, Rep. of KOREA
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Rooms with a traditional under-floor heating system called a gudeul or ondol were used for rest and sleep while the daecheong or wooden-floor space was where family members got together or carried out rituals. Because the seonbi family held family events more often than commoners, there was a need to use
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space for multiple purposes. For instance, the door between the gudeul room and daecheong could be raised and hooked to the rafters to make more space for larger events. ▲ Hujodang House 21, Gunjari-gil, Waryong-myeon, Andong-si,
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Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36610, Rep. of KOREA
Ildu Historic House · 50-13, Gaepyeong-gil, Jigok-myeon, Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50018, Rep. of KOREA
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Nu denotes a high place. And so the numaru or veranda was raised higher than the gidan on which the sarangchae was built, embodying the desire of many seonbi to look far into the distance. The head of the household enjoyed his time by inviting his
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close friends, exchanging ideas and reciting poetry. Chagyeong refers to the landscape outside captured through a window and likened to a framed landscape painting. Depending on the shape of a window and the angle, the landscape continued to change, signifying the idea that no landscape could be possessed by any man but only momentarily “borrowed.” ▲ Byeongsanseowon Confucian Academy 386, Byeongsan-gil, Pungcheon-myeon, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36760, Rep. of KOREA
Yeolhwajeong Pavilion · 32-17, Ganggol-gil, Deungnyang-myeon, Boseong-gun, Jeollanam-do, 59437, Rep. of KOREA
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enjoyed reading and contemplation. A jeongja was a simple room with a wooden floor, built in a quiet place inside the walls that surrounded the house or in a spot nearby with a view. A pond or garden was added by some families to enhance their enjoyment. The seonbi would put a wooden plaque, a hyeonpan,
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on the house or pavilion; it contained either the name of the house or the family maxim, communicating his values and beliefs. ▲ Geonjae Historic House 19-6, Oeamminsok-gil, Songak-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31557, Rep. of KOREA
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Myeongjae House · 50, Noseongsanseong-gil, Noseong-myeon, Nonsan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 32903, Rep. of KOREA
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O c t o b er 2017 시월
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Jang is Korean for sauces or pastes, including soy
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sauce, fermented red pepper paste and soybean paste, staples of Korean food. The jang embodied the art of slow cooking. In December, the fermentation process started with soybeans. Then in February, Koreans made jang on a sunny day, leaving the fermented soybean blocks to age inside jangdok,
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earthen pots, on the jangdokdae platform. It was not until the following October that the pastes could be enjoyed. Jangdok pots had to be located in a wellventilated area near the kitchen. It was also important to keep them clean as well as to regularly ventilate the pots. The idea of fermentation was that people made the sauces but nature matured them. The art
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of transforming beans and peppers with salt into jang lied in the collaboration between man and nature. ▲ Seon Byeong-guk House 10-2, Gaean-gil, Jangan-myeon, Boeun-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28912, Rep. of KOREA
Takcheongjeong Pavilion · 21, Gunjari-gil, Waryong-myeon, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36610, Rep. of KOREA
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agung-i: cooking food and heating the home. The agung-i was the kitchen stove or fireplace. It was connected to flues underneath huge flat stones that were placed beneath the floor of the rooms in the house. Along these paths, the hot air and smoke from the agung-i heated the stones, and they, in turn, warmed up the rooms. Once the smoke finished circulating, it left through the chimney behind the room, making for an efficient use of energy. ▲ Lee Gwang no's House 1-16, Nanseolheon-ro 193beon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 25466, Rep. of KOREA
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Gyeomamjeongsa House · 181, Pungil-ro, Pungcheon-myeon, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36757, Rep. of KOREA
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D ec em b er 2017 십이월
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A variety of materials, such as rice straw, stone tablets, or wooden boards, were used to make the roof. Among these materials, the most frequently used were giwa, or ceramic tiles. Giwa-tiled roofs were built by interlocking the convex and concave curves of the tiles. A tile in the shape of a goblin
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smiling and looking up at the sky is called a mang-wa. It worked as a ridge-end cap and prevented rainwater from flowing inside the roof. Goblins were used to ward off evil spirits. These goblins, however, looked far from scary; but instead appeared to be naïve and even friendly, attesting to the humor of Koreans.
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▲ Beomeosa Temple 250, Beomeosa-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46200, Rep. of KOREA
2018 PyeongChang, Korea, a beautiful region where the sky and the land meet
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and mountains and the sea go together. It’s the very place where a festival
9-25 February 2018
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Paralympic Winter Games PyeongChang 2018
9-18 March 2018
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for the world will unfold with everyone participating united with passion.
Olympic Winter Games PyeongChang 2018
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