ISTANBUL _ Industrial and social alternative for the dockyard refurbishment

CHANGING

CITIES

STUDIO

ISTANBUL

The dockyard refurbishmenT : indusTrial and social alTernaTive PAULINE KERZERHO

ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE D’ARCHITECTURE DE NANTES PROJET DE FIN D’ÉTUDE pour l’obtention du DIPLÔME D’ETAT D’ARCHITECTE fevrier 2015

CHANGING CITIES STUDIO under the direction of Susan Dunne

PAULINE KERZERHO

ISTANBUL THE DOCKYARD REFURBISHMENT :

INDUSTRIAL AND SOCIAL ALTERNATIVE

2

Haskรถy

3

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

4

THE RESILIENCE OF THE FRAGILE ISTANBUL

-

CHAPTER 1

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 2

THE GOLDEN HORN, THE ECONOMICAL BACKBONE OF ISTANBUL

CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 4

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD, A DIVIDED AND COVETED LAND

INDUSTRIAL AND SOCIAL ALTERNATIVES FOR THE DOCKYARD REFURBISHMENT

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

STUDIO APPROACH

What is Changing Cities about ?

How is the semester organised?

8

History

Jérémy French Master 1

Pierre French Master 2

Morgane French Final Thesis

Fanta Malian Master 2

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

Diversity & Culture CHAPTER 1

Energy, Industry & Agriculture

Adèle French Master 2

Pauline French Final Thesis

Elodie French Master 1

Andrea Peruvian Final thesis

Cécile French Master 2

Marie French Master 1

Giorgia Italian Erasmus

Antoine French Master 1

Ilgin Turkish Erasmus

Eugenio Italian Erasmus

Heritage and Architecture Demography, sociology & politic

Kévin French Master 2

Marion French Final Thesis

Juliette French Final Thesis

Maela French Master 2

Commerce Jean-Christophe French Master 2

Lucas Brazilian Erasmus Jonathan French Final Thesis

Julien French Master 2

Gabriela Peruvian Master 2

Gabriela Brazilian Erasmus

Transport

Teachers Marie French Final Thesis

Cyrille French Master 2

Maud French Master 1

Daniele Italian Erasmus

Water, waste & energy

Sébastien French Teacher & Landscaper

Housing Clara French Final Thesis

Chloé French Master 2

Hippolyte French Master 1

Helena Czech Erasmus Céline French Final Thesis

Mimar Graciela Argentine Teacher & Architect

Alice French Master 2

Mimar Susan Irish Teacher & Architect

Geography, geology & urbanism

Mathilde French Final Thesis

Eliott French Master 2

Lucie French Master 2

Mimar Sinan Turkish Architecte

9

Jitka Czech Erasmus

Istanbul trip

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

1

10

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

2

in

11

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

COLLECTIVE DISTANT

CHAPTER 1

The birth of a capital

680BC TO 1453 FROM THE GREEKS TO THE BYZANTINE: EMERGENCE OF A WORLD POWER An ancestral commercial node

1

12

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

N

8 Bosphorus

4

Mes 77

3

e

1

66

2 5

Marmara Sea

2

ocean

From one Empire to another

Sea BYZANTINE EMPIRE Mediterranean Sea

Ocean

ocean

LATIN EMPIRE

SLAVS & BULGARIANS Sea BYZANTINE EMPIRE Mediterranean Sea N

ARABIC WORLD

Ocean

13

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

1453 TO 1923 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 500 YEARS TO SHAPE THE IMAGE OF THE CITY

CHAPTER 1

Strategies to keep the Empire afloat

Social and spatial organisations led by religion

K端lliyes, constituted an important social life support and a centrality around which an organic pattern took place, in opposition to the Hippodamian model of Byzance.

14

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

N 8

6

Bosphorus

7 5

21

Divanyolu

2 1

4 33

Marmara Sea

2

ocean

Sea OTTOMAN EMPIRE Mediterranean Sea

2 Ocean

ocean

Sea TURKEY Mediterranean Sea

Ocean

15

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

1914 TO 1980 THE REPUBLIC ERA: MODERNISATION OF TURKEY Birth of a laic Republic

After 1945: international economical and political agreements

Rupture with the Ottoman urban fabric

16

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

N

Bosphorus

Marmara Sea

2

17

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

Industrialisation process

11

In 1983, the liberal party came into power and started reforming the city choosing to develop an economy based on services and opened the Turkish market to foreign investors.

18

1980 TO 2014 FAST SOCIAL AND SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A GLOBALISED ISTANBUL 12

Neo-liberal policies and consequences in Istanbul

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

Land as a commodity

19

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

AKP

CHAPTER 1

Urban renewal leading to social transformations

20

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

21

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

LOCALISED CASE STUDIES

CHAPTER 1

The historical centre

“The ecological limits have been surpassed. The population limits have been surpassed. The economic limits have been surpassed. If you ask me where this will lead, I’ll quote Dogan Kuban: chaos.”

1

The outer-city and the periphery

Istanbul fringes

22

EYUP

THE REFURBISHMENT OF THE DOCKYARD

ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?

CHAPTER 1

TARLABASI

KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE LAKE

23

ISTOC

THE TURKISH TERRITORY

24

Industry : Manufacturing :

Craft :

« ISTANBUL, HAS ALWAYS CULTIVATES MODES OF CO-EXISTENCE BETWEEN DIFFERENT WORLDS » from Eukumenopolis documentary

25

CHAPTER 2

THE GOLDEN HORN THE ECONOMICAL BACKBONE OF ISTANBUL

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

CHAPTER 2

ECONOMICAL BACKBONE OF ISTANBUL

1

ATATÜRK FATIH DISTRICT

28

IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

CHAPTER 2

Bosphorus

Marmara Sea

29

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

A DRIVING FORCE FOR TRADE AND INDUSTRY A recreational spot in the Byzantine time

CHAPTER 2

Tersane-i-amire

The Tersane-i-amire 2

to

The politic and economic center of the Ottoman Empire

1000KM 30

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

CHAPTER 2

1KM

31

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

CHAPTER 2

Haskรถy

Haskรถy to

the

The industrial core of Istanbul, Turkey

32

11

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

CHAPTER 2

1KM

33

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

THE NEGLECTED SISTER OF THE BOSPHORUS IN A CONTEXT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL TRANSITION14

12

CHAPTER 2

horn

Black Sea

Black Sea

ope

Europe

Ziyagökalp

Büyükçekmece

Golden Horn

Golden Horn Küçükçekmece Beylikdüzü

Yeni sanayi

Kartal-Maltepe

Marmara Sea

Ankara

Marmara Sea Kocaeli Tuzla

34

Ankara

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

CHAPTER 2

1KM

35

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

CHAPTER 2

Haskรถy

36

THE CULTURAL SHOWCASE OF A GLOBAL CITY

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

E80 CHAPTER 2

1KM

37

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE

CHAPTER 2

38

THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE Services Services Services 65,6% 65,6% 65,6% Services Services Services 49% 49% 49%

Services Services Services Industry Industry Industry 26,4% 26,4% 26,4%32,2% 32,2% 32,2%

CHAPTER 2

Industry Industry Industry 25% 25% 25%

Industry Industry Industry 17,6% 17,6% 17,6%

PIB PIB PIB PIB PIB AgricultureAgriculture AgriculturePIB TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY 18,1% TURKEY 18,1% 18,1%TURKEY TURKEY 1960 1990 1960 1960 1990 1990

AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture 55,9% 55,9% 55,9%

PIB PIB AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture PIB 9,6%9,6% 9,6% TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY 2014 2014 2014

source : banque ( http://data.lesechos.fr/pays-indicateur/turquie/part-de-lagriculture-dans-le-pib.html) source : banque mondiale ( http://data.lesechos.fr/pays-indicateur/turquie/part-de-lagriculture-dans-le-pib.html) source :mondiale banque mondiale ( http://data.lesechos.fr/pays-indicateur/turquie/part-de-lagriculture-dans-le-pib.html)

Services Services Services 50% 50% 50% Other 34%

Other Other 34% 34%

Industry Industry Industry 18% 18% 18%

AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture 48% 48% 48%

1990

Industry Industry Industry 14% 14% 14%

AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture 19901990 22% 22% 22%

Construction Construction Construction 7% 7% 7%

2014

20142014

Services Services Services 64,3% 64,3% 64,3% Services 38,6%

Services Services 38,6% 38,6%

Industry Industry Industry 35,1% 35,1% 35,1% Industry 14,3%

Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture 20132013 0,6%0,6% 2013 0,6%

AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture 47,1% 47,1% 47,1%

Industry Industry 14,3% 14,3%

East East East sea sea black sea blackblack 20132013 2013

39

CHAPTER 3

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD, A DIVIDED AND COVETED LAND

A fragmented territory

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

1

the

Taskizak

2

Taskizak

Taskizak shipyards

42

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

43

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

A FRAGMENTED TERRITORY The

Taskizak shipyards

Haskรถy

4

Haskรถy

Haskรถy

Haskรถy

44

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

45

THE CEMETERY

MANUFACTURING WORKSHOPS

GECEKONDU URBAN FABRIC

THE DOCKYARD

THE TUNNEL

MILITARY HOSPITAL

KASIMPASA

t

t

Balat

u

t

t

t

former Galata Bridge

t

1

t

t

t

u

u

2

t

Fener

HASKÖY

A

t

u

t

5

3

4

Kulaksiz cemetery

CAMIIALTI SHIPYARD

Golden horn Haliç

avak

Keçeci piri Mahalle

Kulaksiz Mahalle

military hospital

Kadi mehmet Mahalle

Mahalle

500m

KASIMPASA

Küçük piyale Mahalle

Yahya kahya Mahalle

Camiikebir Mahalle

u

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

47

1km

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

48

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

49

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

UNCONNECTED TERRITORY

THE GOLDEN HORN

THE GOLDEN HORN

50

THE GOLDEN HORN

THE NEGLECTED

THE NEGLECTED DOCKYARD THE NEGLECTED DOCKYARD

HASKÖY NEIG GECEKONDU U

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

Informal connexions

THE GOLDEN HORN

THE NEGLECTED DOCKYARD

HASKÖY NEIGHBOURHOOD GECEKONDU URBAN FABRIC

HASKÖY NEIGHBOURHOOD GECEKONDU URBAN FABRIC

D DOCKYARD CEMETERY

51

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

FLAGSHIP PROJECT FOR A CITY IN DECLINE?

E80

E80

International Atat端rk airport Europe

Atat端rk airport

New Center

52

New Center By foot :20 min

Historic Center By boat :20 min

Asian side

Asian side

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

11

53

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

12

New opportunities for economical and social alternatives

54

THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD

CHAPTER 3

stakeholders

economic

open

55

historical features

CHAPTER 4

INDUSTRIAL AND SOCIAL ALTERNATIVE FOR THE REFURBISHMENT OF THE DOCKYARD

ALTERNATIVE

CHAPTER 4

INDUSTRIAL AND SOCIAL ALTERNATIVE FOR THE DOCKYARD REFURBISHMENT

FROM A CONSUMERISM CITY TO A PRODUCTIVE CITY

58

An obsolete industrial model, consumptionoriented

ALTERNATIVE

CHAPTER 4

Current situation

BIOSPHERE AND TECHNOSPHERE, TWO independant system ?

ARE INDUSTRIES HARMFULL FOR THE ENVIRONMENT?

BIOSPHERE AND TECHNOSPHERE, TWO independant system ?

ARE INDUSTRIES HARMFULL FOR THE ENVIRONMENT? BIOSPHERE AND TECHNOSPHERE, TWO independant system ?

ARE INDUSTRIES HARMFULL FOR THE ENVIRONMENT?

1

BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (BIOSPHERE)

TECHNICAL METABOLISM (TECHNOSPHERE)

BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (BIOSPHERE) BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (BIOSPHERE)

TECHNICAL METABOLISM (TECHNOSPHERE) TECHNICAL METABOLISM (TECHNOSPHERE)

Manufacturing assembly Plant

2

Soil Nutriments

BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (NATURE) Plant

materials Animal

TECHNICAL METABOLISM (INDUSTRY) Manufacturing assembly

Product

Manufacturing assembly Plant Soil Nutriments Soil Nutriments

BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (NATURE) BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM Decomposer (NATURE)

materials Animal

materials Animal

TECHNICAL METABOLISM (INDUSTRY) TECHNICAL METABOLISM (INDUSTRY) Customer use

Decomposer

Customer use

Decomposer

Customer use

Product Product

59

ALTERNATIVE

CHAPTER 4

60

A new industrial model for the shipyard refurbishment

ALTERNATIVE

CHAPTER 4

61

ISTANBUL

End-of life vehicles

ALTERNATIVE

A COLLABORATIVE NETWORK TO BRING FORWARD ISTANBUL ISSUES diversity of products everyday life objets, design objects...

CHAPTER 4

Reusing, recycling, reinterpretating

ISTANBUL

End-of life vehicles

FROM A WINDSCREEN TO A GLASSHOUSE

ISTANBUL

End-of life vehicles

FROM A WIRE TO A SHOE SOLE

62

ALTERNATIVE

CHAPTER 4

63

ALTERNATIVE

Diffusion - communication CHAPTER 4

A place of inspiration

64

ALTERNATIVE

CHAPTER 4

To transform

To reinterprete

To reuse

GIVE A SECOND LIFE TO CARS To transform

To reinterprete

New use = urban furniture To transform

To reinterprete

To reuse

3000 vehicles throw in the nature each year

RECYCLING PRODUCTION EMPOWERING SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

Manufacturing assembly Plant

REMEDIATE TO CAR POLLUTION

Soil Nutriments

BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (NATURE)

materials Animal

TECHNICAL METABOLISM (INDUSTRY)

Product

Customer use

Decomposer

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

2,7 ton/ year of CO2 emission

A SPACE OF PRODUCTION

INSPIRING AREA car owners in istanbul

PUBLIC SPACE

ALTERNATIVE MOBILITIES MOBILITY AND DIFFUSION OF THE SPACE

65

COMMUNICATION

EXPERIMENTATION

ALTERNATIVE

CHAPTER 4

TIMELAND RECONVERSION

66

ALTERNATIVE

CHAPTER 4

CHILDREN FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD Give a hand to transform the landscape Learning new possibilities of reusing materials DIRECTOR OF A FOREIGN AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIE Potentiel investor to develop the site Advise about car dismantling

Children and street art artists are drawing an urban fresco on the industrial buildings

TOURIST Discover the place and new industrial alternative A tourist and a artist are speaking about the spirit of the place on a table fabricate from a dismantled car

ARTIST: knowledge of urban staging Find ways to highlight landscape and heritage features

A worker and an artist from Ey端p theater company are fabricating urban furnitures for the site

INTERNATIONAL ARTIST Exhibition and explaination of its work

A WORKER FROM THE LOCAL NEIGHBOURHOOD manual skills to use and transform materials

67

ALTERNATIVE

CHAPTER 4

PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT «the car nursery»

PUBLIC ENVIRONEMENT « the car nursery »

program temporality

version

68

BUILT ENV «the repaired

BUILT ENVIRONEMEN « the repaired scrapyard

ALTERNATIVE

CHAPTER 4

VIRONMENT

NT d»

scrapyard»

NOMADIC ENVIRONMENT « the nomadic network»

NOMADIC ENVIRONEMENT c network »

69

CHAPTER 1

BORIE

PINON

ONER TANJU

TANYELI PÉROUSE

MORVAN HENSEL

FIELD

CHAPTER 2,3,4

70

HENSEL

MARK

JULIEN

MARDIROSSIAN PORTRON

, CHAPTER 2,3,4

71