CHANGING
CITIES
STUDIO
ISTANBUL
The dockyard refurbishmenT : indusTrial and social alTernaTive PAULINE KERZERHO
ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE D’ARCHITECTURE DE NANTES PROJET DE FIN D’ÉTUDE pour l’obtention du DIPLÔME D’ETAT D’ARCHITECTE fevrier 2015
CHANGING CITIES STUDIO under the direction of Susan Dunne
PAULINE KERZERHO
ISTANBUL THE DOCKYARD REFURBISHMENT :
INDUSTRIAL AND SOCIAL ALTERNATIVE
2
Haskรถy
3
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
4
THE RESILIENCE OF THE FRAGILE ISTANBUL
-
CHAPTER 1
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 2
THE GOLDEN HORN, THE ECONOMICAL BACKBONE OF ISTANBUL
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD, A DIVIDED AND COVETED LAND
INDUSTRIAL AND SOCIAL ALTERNATIVES FOR THE DOCKYARD REFURBISHMENT
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
STUDIO APPROACH
What is Changing Cities about ?
How is the semester organised?
8
History
Jérémy French Master 1
Pierre French Master 2
Morgane French Final Thesis
Fanta Malian Master 2
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
Diversity & Culture CHAPTER 1
Energy, Industry & Agriculture
Adèle French Master 2
Pauline French Final Thesis
Elodie French Master 1
Andrea Peruvian Final thesis
Cécile French Master 2
Marie French Master 1
Giorgia Italian Erasmus
Antoine French Master 1
Ilgin Turkish Erasmus
Eugenio Italian Erasmus
Heritage and Architecture Demography, sociology & politic
Kévin French Master 2
Marion French Final Thesis
Juliette French Final Thesis
Maela French Master 2
Commerce Jean-Christophe French Master 2
Lucas Brazilian Erasmus Jonathan French Final Thesis
Julien French Master 2
Gabriela Peruvian Master 2
Gabriela Brazilian Erasmus
Transport
Teachers Marie French Final Thesis
Cyrille French Master 2
Maud French Master 1
Daniele Italian Erasmus
Water, waste & energy
Sébastien French Teacher & Landscaper
Housing Clara French Final Thesis
Chloé French Master 2
Hippolyte French Master 1
Helena Czech Erasmus Céline French Final Thesis
Mimar Graciela Argentine Teacher & Architect
Alice French Master 2
Mimar Susan Irish Teacher & Architect
Geography, geology & urbanism
Mathilde French Final Thesis
Eliott French Master 2
Lucie French Master 2
Mimar Sinan Turkish Architecte
9
Jitka Czech Erasmus
Istanbul trip
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
1
10
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
2
in
11
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
COLLECTIVE DISTANT
CHAPTER 1
The birth of a capital
680BC TO 1453 FROM THE GREEKS TO THE BYZANTINE: EMERGENCE OF A WORLD POWER An ancestral commercial node
1
12
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
N
8 Bosphorus
4
Mes 77
3
e
1
66
2 5
Marmara Sea
2
ocean
From one Empire to another
Sea BYZANTINE EMPIRE Mediterranean Sea
Ocean
ocean
LATIN EMPIRE
SLAVS & BULGARIANS Sea BYZANTINE EMPIRE Mediterranean Sea N
ARABIC WORLD
Ocean
13
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
1453 TO 1923 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 500 YEARS TO SHAPE THE IMAGE OF THE CITY
CHAPTER 1
Strategies to keep the Empire afloat
Social and spatial organisations led by religion
K端lliyes, constituted an important social life support and a centrality around which an organic pattern took place, in opposition to the Hippodamian model of Byzance.
14
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
N 8
6
Bosphorus
7 5
21
Divanyolu
2 1
4 33
Marmara Sea
2
ocean
Sea OTTOMAN EMPIRE Mediterranean Sea
2 Ocean
ocean
Sea TURKEY Mediterranean Sea
Ocean
15
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
1914 TO 1980 THE REPUBLIC ERA: MODERNISATION OF TURKEY Birth of a laic Republic
After 1945: international economical and political agreements
Rupture with the Ottoman urban fabric
16
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
N
Bosphorus
Marmara Sea
2
17
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
Industrialisation process
11
In 1983, the liberal party came into power and started reforming the city choosing to develop an economy based on services and opened the Turkish market to foreign investors.
18
1980 TO 2014 FAST SOCIAL AND SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A GLOBALISED ISTANBUL 12
Neo-liberal policies and consequences in Istanbul
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
Land as a commodity
19
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
AKP
CHAPTER 1
Urban renewal leading to social transformations
20
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
21
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
LOCALISED CASE STUDIES
CHAPTER 1
The historical centre
“The ecological limits have been surpassed. The population limits have been surpassed. The economic limits have been surpassed. If you ask me where this will lead, I’ll quote Dogan Kuban: chaos.”
1
The outer-city and the periphery
Istanbul fringes
22
EYUP
THE REFURBISHMENT OF THE DOCKYARD
ISTANBUL, A CHANGING CITY?
CHAPTER 1
TARLABASI
KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE LAKE
23
ISTOC
THE TURKISH TERRITORY
24
Industry : Manufacturing :
Craft :
« ISTANBUL, HAS ALWAYS CULTIVATES MODES OF CO-EXISTENCE BETWEEN DIFFERENT WORLDS » from Eukumenopolis documentary
25
CHAPTER 2
THE GOLDEN HORN THE ECONOMICAL BACKBONE OF ISTANBUL
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
CHAPTER 2
ECONOMICAL BACKBONE OF ISTANBUL
1
ATATÜRK FATIH DISTRICT
28
IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
CHAPTER 2
Bosphorus
Marmara Sea
29
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
A DRIVING FORCE FOR TRADE AND INDUSTRY A recreational spot in the Byzantine time
CHAPTER 2
Tersane-i-amire
The Tersane-i-amire 2
to
The politic and economic center of the Ottoman Empire
1000KM 30
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
CHAPTER 2
1KM
31
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
CHAPTER 2
Haskรถy
Haskรถy to
the
The industrial core of Istanbul, Turkey
32
11
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
CHAPTER 2
1KM
33
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
THE NEGLECTED SISTER OF THE BOSPHORUS IN A CONTEXT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL TRANSITION14
12
CHAPTER 2
horn
Black Sea
Black Sea
ope
Europe
Ziyagökalp
Büyükçekmece
Golden Horn
Golden Horn Küçükçekmece Beylikdüzü
Yeni sanayi
Kartal-Maltepe
Marmara Sea
Ankara
Marmara Sea Kocaeli Tuzla
34
Ankara
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
CHAPTER 2
1KM
35
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
CHAPTER 2
Haskรถy
36
THE CULTURAL SHOWCASE OF A GLOBAL CITY
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
E80 CHAPTER 2
1KM
37
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE
CHAPTER 2
38
THE GOLDEN HORN ECONOMICAL BACKBONE Services Services Services 65,6% 65,6% 65,6% Services Services Services 49% 49% 49%
Services Services Services Industry Industry Industry 26,4% 26,4% 26,4%32,2% 32,2% 32,2%
CHAPTER 2
Industry Industry Industry 25% 25% 25%
Industry Industry Industry 17,6% 17,6% 17,6%
PIB PIB PIB PIB PIB AgricultureAgriculture AgriculturePIB TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY 18,1% TURKEY 18,1% 18,1%TURKEY TURKEY 1960 1990 1960 1960 1990 1990
AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture 55,9% 55,9% 55,9%
PIB PIB AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture PIB 9,6%9,6% 9,6% TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY 2014 2014 2014
source : banque ( http://data.lesechos.fr/pays-indicateur/turquie/part-de-lagriculture-dans-le-pib.html) source : banque mondiale ( http://data.lesechos.fr/pays-indicateur/turquie/part-de-lagriculture-dans-le-pib.html) source :mondiale banque mondiale ( http://data.lesechos.fr/pays-indicateur/turquie/part-de-lagriculture-dans-le-pib.html)
Services Services Services 50% 50% 50% Other 34%
Other Other 34% 34%
Industry Industry Industry 18% 18% 18%
AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture 48% 48% 48%
1990
Industry Industry Industry 14% 14% 14%
AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture 19901990 22% 22% 22%
Construction Construction Construction 7% 7% 7%
2014
20142014
Services Services Services 64,3% 64,3% 64,3% Services 38,6%
Services Services 38,6% 38,6%
Industry Industry Industry 35,1% 35,1% 35,1% Industry 14,3%
Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture 20132013 0,6%0,6% 2013 0,6%
AgricultureAgriculture Agriculture 47,1% 47,1% 47,1%
Industry Industry 14,3% 14,3%
East East East sea sea black sea blackblack 20132013 2013
39
CHAPTER 3
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD, A DIVIDED AND COVETED LAND
A fragmented territory
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
1
the
Taskizak
2
Taskizak
Taskizak shipyards
42
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
43
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
A FRAGMENTED TERRITORY The
Taskizak shipyards
Haskรถy
4
Haskรถy
Haskรถy
Haskรถy
44
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
45
THE CEMETERY
MANUFACTURING WORKSHOPS
GECEKONDU URBAN FABRIC
THE DOCKYARD
THE TUNNEL
MILITARY HOSPITAL
KASIMPASA
t
t
Balat
u
t
t
t
former Galata Bridge
t
1
t
t
t
u
u
2
t
Fener
HASKÖY
A
t
u
t
5
3
4
Kulaksiz cemetery
CAMIIALTI SHIPYARD
Golden horn Haliç
avak
Keçeci piri Mahalle
Kulaksiz Mahalle
military hospital
Kadi mehmet Mahalle
Mahalle
500m
KASIMPASA
Küçük piyale Mahalle
Yahya kahya Mahalle
Camiikebir Mahalle
u
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
47
1km
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
48
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
49
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
UNCONNECTED TERRITORY
THE GOLDEN HORN
THE GOLDEN HORN
50
THE GOLDEN HORN
THE NEGLECTED
THE NEGLECTED DOCKYARD THE NEGLECTED DOCKYARD
HASKÖY NEIG GECEKONDU U
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
Informal connexions
THE GOLDEN HORN
THE NEGLECTED DOCKYARD
HASKÖY NEIGHBOURHOOD GECEKONDU URBAN FABRIC
HASKÖY NEIGHBOURHOOD GECEKONDU URBAN FABRIC
D DOCKYARD CEMETERY
51
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
FLAGSHIP PROJECT FOR A CITY IN DECLINE?
E80
E80
International Atat端rk airport Europe
Atat端rk airport
New Center
52
New Center By foot :20 min
Historic Center By boat :20 min
Asian side
Asian side
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
11
53
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
12
New opportunities for economical and social alternatives
54
THE IMPERIAL DOCKYARD
CHAPTER 3
stakeholders
economic
open
55
historical features
CHAPTER 4
INDUSTRIAL AND SOCIAL ALTERNATIVE FOR THE REFURBISHMENT OF THE DOCKYARD
ALTERNATIVE
CHAPTER 4
INDUSTRIAL AND SOCIAL ALTERNATIVE FOR THE DOCKYARD REFURBISHMENT
FROM A CONSUMERISM CITY TO A PRODUCTIVE CITY
58
An obsolete industrial model, consumptionoriented
ALTERNATIVE
CHAPTER 4
Current situation
BIOSPHERE AND TECHNOSPHERE, TWO independant system ? ARE INDUSTRIES HARMFULL FOR THE ENVIRONMENT?
BIOSPHERE AND TECHNOSPHERE, TWO independant system ? ARE INDUSTRIES HARMFULL FOR THE ENVIRONMENT? BIOSPHERE AND TECHNOSPHERE, TWO independant system ? ARE INDUSTRIES HARMFULL FOR THE ENVIRONMENT?
1
BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (BIOSPHERE)
TECHNICAL METABOLISM (TECHNOSPHERE)
BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (BIOSPHERE) BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (BIOSPHERE)
TECHNICAL METABOLISM (TECHNOSPHERE) TECHNICAL METABOLISM (TECHNOSPHERE)
Manufacturing assembly Plant
2
Soil Nutriments
BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (NATURE) Plant
materials Animal
TECHNICAL METABOLISM (INDUSTRY) Manufacturing assembly
Product
Manufacturing assembly Plant Soil Nutriments Soil Nutriments
BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (NATURE) BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM Decomposer (NATURE)
materials Animal
materials Animal
TECHNICAL METABOLISM (INDUSTRY) TECHNICAL METABOLISM (INDUSTRY) Customer use
Decomposer
Customer use
Decomposer
Customer use
Product Product
59
ALTERNATIVE
CHAPTER 4
60
A new industrial model for the shipyard refurbishment
ALTERNATIVE
CHAPTER 4
61
ISTANBUL
End-of life vehicles
ALTERNATIVE
A COLLABORATIVE NETWORK TO BRING FORWARD ISTANBUL ISSUES diversity of products everyday life objets, design objects...
CHAPTER 4
Reusing, recycling, reinterpretating
ISTANBUL
End-of life vehicles
FROM A WINDSCREEN TO A GLASSHOUSE
ISTANBUL
End-of life vehicles
FROM A WIRE TO A SHOE SOLE
62
ALTERNATIVE
CHAPTER 4
63
ALTERNATIVE
Diffusion - communication CHAPTER 4
A place of inspiration
64
ALTERNATIVE
CHAPTER 4
To transform
To reinterprete
To reuse
GIVE A SECOND LIFE TO CARS To transform
To reinterprete
New use = urban furniture To transform
To reinterprete
To reuse
3000 vehicles throw in the nature each year
RECYCLING PRODUCTION EMPOWERING SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
Manufacturing assembly Plant
REMEDIATE TO CAR POLLUTION
Soil Nutriments
BIOLOGICAL METABOLISM (NATURE)
materials Animal
TECHNICAL METABOLISM (INDUSTRY)
Product
Customer use
Decomposer
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
2,7 ton/ year of CO2 emission
A SPACE OF PRODUCTION
INSPIRING AREA car owners in istanbul
PUBLIC SPACE
ALTERNATIVE MOBILITIES MOBILITY AND DIFFUSION OF THE SPACE
65
COMMUNICATION
EXPERIMENTATION
ALTERNATIVE
CHAPTER 4
TIMELAND RECONVERSION
66
ALTERNATIVE
CHAPTER 4
CHILDREN FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD Give a hand to transform the landscape Learning new possibilities of reusing materials DIRECTOR OF A FOREIGN AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIE Potentiel investor to develop the site Advise about car dismantling
Children and street art artists are drawing an urban fresco on the industrial buildings
TOURIST Discover the place and new industrial alternative A tourist and a artist are speaking about the spirit of the place on a table fabricate from a dismantled car
ARTIST: knowledge of urban staging Find ways to highlight landscape and heritage features
A worker and an artist from Ey端p theater company are fabricating urban furnitures for the site
INTERNATIONAL ARTIST Exhibition and explaination of its work
A WORKER FROM THE LOCAL NEIGHBOURHOOD manual skills to use and transform materials
67
ALTERNATIVE
CHAPTER 4
PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT «the car nursery»
PUBLIC ENVIRONEMENT « the car nursery »
program temporality
version
68
BUILT ENV «the repaired
BUILT ENVIRONEMEN « the repaired scrapyard
ALTERNATIVE
CHAPTER 4
VIRONMENT
NT d»
scrapyard»
NOMADIC ENVIRONMENT « the nomadic network»
NOMADIC ENVIRONEMENT c network »
69
CHAPTER 1
BORIE
PINON
ONER TANJU
TANYELI PÉROUSE
MORVAN HENSEL
FIELD
CHAPTER 2,3,4
70
HENSEL
MARK
JULIEN
MARDIROSSIAN PORTRON
, CHAPTER 2,3,4
71