Kolga Tbilisi Photo 2012 Catalogue

Page 1



HQ

แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—

THE CATALOGUE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF TBILISI CITY HALL, CENTER OF CULTURAL EVENTS


แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ FOUNDER แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ CO-ORGANIZER แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ EXHIBITION CURATOR แƒกแƒแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜ ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ MARKETING SUPPORT AND DESIGN

แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ MAKEUP แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ JUDGES

แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ˜ TEXT

ISBN 978-9941-0-4502-8

แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ TRANSLATION แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ COPY- EDITOR แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ COMPUTER SERVICE

แƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ Beso Khaindrava แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Teona Gogichaishvili แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Tina Schelhorn แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒซแƒ” Nino Dgvepadze แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Gaga Gogichaishvili แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Mari Garchagudashvili แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ Tamuna Javakhia แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ Tamar Bokuchava แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒฃแƒ‘แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Mariam Kubusidze แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Mariam Maziashvili แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Nina Tsiskarishvili แƒฎแƒแƒ—แƒฃแƒœแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ Khatuna Khabuliani แƒจ.แƒž.แƒก. โ€žแƒžแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒโ€œ โ€žPropaganda HQโ€œ, Ltd. แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ”, แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜ แƒญแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” Akaki Razmadze, Irakli Chumburidze แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Inga Aladashvili แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ Nigel Dickinson แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Wolfgang Zurborn แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Tina Schelhorn แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Lika Mamatsashvili แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Wolfgang Zurborn แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ Tina Schelhorn แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Lika Mamatsashvili แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒœแƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” GIGA NANOBASHVILI, GAGA LOMIDZE แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒœแƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” GIGA NANOBASHVILI, GAGA LOMIDZE แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ PHOTOWORLD


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ALEXANDER ROINASHVILI HONONARY PRIZE

32 โ€“ 65 70 โ€“ 89 90 โ€“ 302

แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

EXHIBITIONS แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

AWARD WINNERS

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

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แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” 10 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ— แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œKOLGA TBILISI PHOTO 2012โ€ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ โ€“ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” โ€“ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ. โ€œKOLGA TBILISI PHOTOโ€-แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก, แƒŸแƒแƒ™-แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ• แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒ. แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ— แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒ’แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ, โ€œKOLGA TBILISI PHOTOโ€-แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก (แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒฉแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒ, แƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”

แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ โ€žแƒžแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒโ€, แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒโ€, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ โ€žแƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ 2โ€, แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ โ€žแƒแƒฃแƒ—แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜โ€, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, โ€žแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒกโ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜) แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒงแƒแƒ— โ€œKOLGA TBILISI PHOTOโ€-แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ โ€žแƒšแƒ˜แƒฐแƒขแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก โ€œKOLGA TBILISI PHOTOโ€-แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› โ€œKOLGA TBILISI PHOTOโ€ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก - แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก - แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒก. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒš แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒ™ แƒฉแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒฃ, แƒฃแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒš แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜.

แƒ‘แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ 4


10 years have passed since we held Kolga Photo Contest for the ๏ฌrst time. It could be said that these years were successful in terms of the development of the contest. Weโ€™re constantly trying to increase the scale of the photo contest. For that reason, weโ€™ve increased its format and taken certain steps toward going international. The new format was used for the 2012 Kolga Tbilisi Photo Week. The goal of the event was to link various positions of international photography โ€“ both classical and contemporary โ€“ with Georgia and Georgian photography. Within the framework of Kolga Tbilisi Photo, the city has hosted the exhibition of works by shortlisted contestants as well as several other big and small exhibitions featuring both historically signi๏ฌcant images and photographic works depicting various positions in contemporary photography. Visitors had a chance to familiarize themselves with works by Jacques Henri Lartigue, a world-renowned classic photographic artist; group exhibitions of Contemporary American Photography, Contemporary German Photography as well as an impressive group exhibition of Images against the War and an equally impressive exposition by Nigel Dickinson, one of the judges for this yearโ€™s contest. The exhibition of works by Gogi Tsagareli, a Georgian photographer, who was awarded the traditional Alexander Roinashvili Prize for a special contribution to the development of Georgian photography, was also signi๏ฌcant. We would also like to thank Tbilisi City Hall, Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection of Georgia, and our long-time general sponsor โ€“ TBC Bank for their generous help in organizing Kolga Tbilisi Photo as well as appreciate the contribution of other partner organizations (Photo World Company, Embassy of the United States Georgia, the

Beso Khaindrava, Founder of Kolga Tbilisi Photo 5

British Council, Meidan Group, the Georgian National Museum, Zurab Tsereteli Museum of Modern Art, Propaganda Marketing Company, Tabula Magazine, Broadcasting Company Rustavi 2, OUtdooR.ge Advertising Company, Social Photography Caucasus Foundation, Georgian Events and GMC group) to the event. We would especially like to acknowledge the participation of our international partner, Gallery Lichtblick (Germany), in organizing and planning and Tina Schelhornโ€™s immeasurable contribution in particular, who together with Kolga Photo Week co-organizer Teona Gogichaishvili has worked hard on international exhibition planning during the preparation period. We are also pleased to note that contestants of this yearโ€™s Kolga Tbilisi Photo were exceptionally professional. Images selected for the contest were, in our opinion, much better the ones from previous years, which means that Kolga Tbilisi Photo is developing in the right direction and that it will attract and introduce much more foreign and Georgian photographers in the future. We would like to thank our jurors โ€“ Tina Schelhorn, Lika Mamatsashvili, Wolfgang Zurborn and Nigel Dickinson. It was a great honor for us as well as for our foreigner jurors to host world-renowned photographers such as Richard Bram, Gordon Smith, Pok Chi Lau, William Messer, Mimi Mollica and Frederic Lezmi, who have held educational meetings for our contestants and students interested in photography. In our opinion, frequently holding such high-level events would greatly contribute to the development of photography in our country in the future as well as help Georgia secure its spot on the international photography scene.


แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ

แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒก ALEXANDER ROINASHVILI HONONARY PRIZE AWARDED TO

GIORGI TSAGARELI FOR THE OUTSTANDING MERITS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEORGIAN PHOTOGRAPHY 12.06.2012

แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ 6


แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ: โ€žแƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜โ€. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒŸแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒฆแƒ, แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ, แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ— โ€žแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€œ, โ€žแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€œ, โ€žแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒจแƒ˜โ€œ, แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒš โ€žแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒจแƒ˜โ€œ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜. แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• 1989 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜

แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜

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แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” 2008 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. โ€žแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€ โ€“ แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ” แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ. แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช: โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒโ€ 1985, โ€žแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ 1994, โ€žแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜โ€ 1998, โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜โ€ 2001, โ€žแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜โ€ 2003, โ€žแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜โ€ 2004, โ€žแƒแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ 2004. แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ•แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ” แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ: แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ! แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒ˜แƒ. 2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก.


Once Alexander Saakov told me: โ€œIf you really want to know more about the essence of documentary and reportage photography, study the works of Gogi Tsagareliโ€. An engineer by profession, he started taking photos at the age of thirty-two. His ๏ฌrst photographs were of his newborn child and made using an old soviet camera. At this particular time, he decided to devote himself completely to photography. According to him, he has never been interested in artistic photography. He found his vocation in documentary photography. It has been a very interesting journey so far. At various times, heโ€™s worked for Sakinform News Agency, various photography magazines, Georgian Youth Newspaper, Georgian Information Agency, Prime News Agency, Dialogi Magazine, etc. He joined the ๏ฌght to maintain the territorial integrity of Georgia as a photographer from the very beginning. As early as in 1989, he witnessed and captured the disturbances in Sokhumi. As soon as the war had begun, he ๏ฌ‚ew to Sokhumi. Later, he also captured civil confrontations in Tbilisi

and Nagorno-Karabakh. His latest works of the war depict the events of August 2008. โ€œEverything about the war is bad, except one thing โ€“ it is an interesting life,โ€ โ€“ this is how he described his controversial inner feelings and with this short statement, he managed to say almost everything. The themes he chooses for his exhibitions are always full of special realism. The titles speak for themselves: โ€œSoviet Armyโ€ (1985), โ€œWar Facesโ€ (1994), โ€œJerusalemโ€ (1998), โ€œThe Lonelyโ€ (2001), โ€œAlcoholismโ€ (2003), โ€œSocial Therapy Houseโ€ (2004), โ€œFaces of Autismโ€ (2004), etc. At di๏ฌ€erent times, he has had numerous solo exhibitions as well as participated in many group exhibitions in Georgia, the UK, Slovakia, and Austria. When asked about their opinions on Gogi Tsagareli, all photographers described Tsagareli using the same phrase: โ€œHeโ€™s fantastic!โ€ Probably it is very hard to ๏ฌnd a more perfect and simpler testimonial than that. The 2012 Alexander Roinashvili Prize goes to Giorgi Tsagareli for his contribution to the development and perfection of documentary photography.

Lika Mamatsashvili Georgian National Museum Tbilisi History Museum Curator

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แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ Giorgi Tsagareli

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ Photo by Levan Mamulov 9


แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜

แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ 1947 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— 32 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒœแƒŸแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ, แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜. แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ โ€žแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜โ€œ, โ€žแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒโ€œ, โ€œแƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒโ€œ, โ€žแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ› แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜โ€œ, แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜โ€œ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒข แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒโ€œ, 1985 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ 1986

แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ โ€“ 2002 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ โ€žแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ, 1994 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ 1998 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก โ€“ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ โ€žแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜โ€œ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“: โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜โ€œ (แƒคแƒแƒขแƒโ€“แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”) (2001); โ€žแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜โ€œ (แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒš แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜) (2003); โ€žแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜โ€œ (แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ) (2004); โ€žแƒแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ (แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก, 2 แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ) (2012). แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ 1999 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ), แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ Georgische Kรผnstler/innen (แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜) แƒ“แƒ 2006 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ (แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜) แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜).

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GIORGI

TSAGARELI Georgian photojournalist and documentary photographer George Tsagareli was born in 1947 in Tbilisi, Georgia. At the age of 32, after his ๏ฌrst son was born, he got interested in photography. Engineer by profession, he started to take photos of his child with an old soviet SLR camera. This is when he chose journalistic photography as a future career and he has been working in this ๏ฌeld ever since. Currently he is working as a freelance photographer. At di๏ฌ€erent times, he has worked as a photojournalist for various agencies and newspapers, such as โ€œGeorgiaโ€™s Newspaper, โ€œYouth of Georgiaโ€, โ€œGeorgian Information Agencyโ€, โ€œPrime Newsโ€, โ€œDialogueโ€ Magazine, etc. He has captured many signi๏ฌcant events taking place in the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet era. His works actively depict todayโ€™s social and urban lives and changes. His ๏ฌrst solo exhibition titled โ€œSoviet Armyโ€ took place in 1985 in Tbilisi, while personal exhibitions of his selected works were held in 1986 and 2002, for the second

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time. โ€œThe War Facesโ€ exhibition featuring photographs of armed con๏ฌ‚icts took place in 1994, while in 1998 Tsagareli had a personal exhibition titled โ€œJerusalemโ€. The photographer has created numerous photo series, such as โ€œThe Lonelyโ€ (a photo story about a lonely and poor man) (2001); โ€œAlcoholismโ€ (about a former doctor, who su๏ฌ€ers from alcohol addiction) (2003); โ€œThe House of Social Therapyโ€ (featuring portraits of people who undergo treatment for social reintegration) (2004); and โ€œThe Faces of Autismโ€ (an exhibition dedicated to World Autism Awareness Day, 2 April that was organized by the Social Photography Caucasus Foundation and Autism Society of Georgia). At di๏ฌ€erent times, George Tsagareli has participated in various group exhibitions held abroad, such as โ€œGeorgische Kรผnstler/innenโ€ (Georgian Artists) at Fotogalerie Wien in 1999 (Austria), while in 2006, together with other Georgian photographers he had group exhibitions in London (UK) and Bratislava (Slovakia).


แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ 7 แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, 1985 Tbilisi, Georgia November 7, 1985

แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ 7 แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, 1986 Tbilisi, Georgia November 7, 1986

12



แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1987 Residence House for Members of the Communist and Labor Party. Tbilisi, Georgia. 1987 แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1990 Gori, Georgia. 1990

14


แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ– แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜. แƒขแƒแƒจแƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ–แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜. 1988 Shiniaz Mavlianov. ะขashkent, Uzbekistan. The Military Hospital. 1988 แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1987 Svanetia, Georgia. 1987

15



แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜. 1988 Earthquake in Armenia. 1988

แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1986 Tbilisi, Georgia. 1986 17


แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€œแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1985 From the Series โ€œNew Recruitsโ€, Tbilisi, Georgia. 1985

แƒแƒญแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1989 Adjaria, Georgia. 1989 18



แƒชแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1991 Tskhinvali, Georgia. 1991

20


แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1992 Abkhazia, Georgia. 1992

21


แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜. 1994 Nagorno-Karabakh. 1994

22


แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1993 Abkhazia, Georgia. 1993

23

แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1993 Samtredia, Georgia. 1993



แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ˜. 1994 Nagorno-Karabakh. 1994

แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜. 1994 Chechnya. 1994

แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1998 Tbilisi, Georgia. 1998 25


แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1995 Tbilisi, Georgia. 1995 26


แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1996 Tbilisi, Georgia. 1996 27


แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1995 Tbilisi, Georgia. 1995


แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1998 Meskhetian, Georgia. 1998


แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1998 Tbilisi, Georgia. 1998 แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ. 1999 Eclipse of the Sun. Tbilisi, Georgia. 1999

แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. 1998 Jerusalem, Israel. 1998 30



แƒŸแƒแƒ™-แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜

JACQUES-HENRI LARTIGUE แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’

IMAGES AGAINST THE WAR แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜

NIGEL DICKINSON แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ

CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN PHOTOGRAPHY แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ

CONTEMPORARY GERMAN PHOTOGRAPHY


EXHIBITIONS แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜


แƒŸแƒแƒ™-แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜

แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒŸแƒแƒ™ แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”-20 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ. 1963 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ 69 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒš โ€žLifeโ€œ-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ“ แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜, แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”-20 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ 1900 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ 8 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก (แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒก) แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. 1915 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒŸแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒช.

1922 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ 1930-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ”; แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช 1930-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ 1940-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. 1950-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒก. 1962 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒšแƒ– แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒก, แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ 1975 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ -แƒ“โ€™แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. 1979 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒฉแƒฃแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก. โ€žแƒŸแƒแƒ™ แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒก แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. 1980 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ โ€žBonjour Monsieur Lartigueโ€œ แƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒก แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก 1986 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 12 แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒจแƒ˜, 92 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒœ 100 000-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก 7 000 แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ 1 500 แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ.

แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒŸแƒแƒ™โ€“แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—.

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JACQUES-HENRI

LARTIGUE Jacques Henri Lartigue gave us some of the ๏ฌnest photographs of the 20th century. Although also a painter, decorator, fashion designer and writer, his true vocation was as a capturer of ๏ฌ‚eeting moments. This is a retrospective of Lartigueโ€™s great classics. Jacques Henri Lartigue is 69 years old in 1963 when he ๏ฌrst presents a selection of his many photographs taken throughout his life in New Yorkโ€™s MoMa. That same year there is a photo spread of his work in the famous Life Magazine issue which commemorates the death of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, and which is publicized worldwide. To his great surprise, Lartigue becomes, overnight, one of the renowned photographers of the twentieth century. Jacques learns about photography from his father as early as the year 1900. Henri Lartigue rewards Jacquesโ€™s enthusiasm by buying him his ๏ฌrst camera when he is 8 years old. Thus begins the endless coverage of his childhood, including automobile outings, family holidays and especially his older brother Mauriceโ€™s (nicknamed Zissou) inventions. However, ever mindful of the passage of time, photography is not quite enough to capture his childhood memories. A snapshot cannot encompass all there is to say and to remember. He thus begins keeping a journal and will continue to do so his whole life. Furthermore, as if to engage in a more renowned activity, he takes up drawing and painting. In 1915, he brie๏ฌ‚y attends the Julian Academy and thus painting becomes and remains his main professional activity. From 1922 on, he exhibits his work in shows in Paris and in the south of France. He revels

in high society and luxury until the beginning of the 1930โ€™s until the decline of the Lartigue fortune forces him to search for other sources of income. He refuses however to take on a steady job and thus lose his freedom, and so he scarcely gets by with his painting during the 30โ€™s and 40โ€™s. In the beginning of the 1950โ€™s and not in accordance with the legend in which he is a complete unknown, his work as a photographer is noticed. He nevertheless continues to paint. He embarks on a cargo ship to Los Angeles in 1962 with his third wife Florette. In a roundabout way, they stop on the East Coast and meet Charles Rado of the Rapho Agency who in turn contacts John Szwarkoski, MoMaโ€™s photography department young curator. There is all-around enthusiasm. The ๏ฌrst retrospective of his work is held in Parisโ€™ โ€œMusรฉe des Arts Dรฉcoratifsโ€ in 1975. One year earlier, Lartigue was commissioned by the President of France Valรฉry Giscard dโ€™Estaing to shoot an o๏ฌƒcial portrait photograph. In 1979, the Donation Agreement is signed and Lartigue becomes the ๏ฌrst living French photographer to donate his work to the nation. He authorizes the Association des Amis de Jacques Henri Lartigue to preserve and promote the fund. In 1980, his dream of having his own museum comes true with the Grand Palaisโ€™ exhibit โ€œBonjour Monsieur Lartigueโ€. He continued his work as a photographer, painter and writer until his death in Nice on September 12th 1986. He was 92 years old. He left us with more than 100 000 snapshots, 7 000 pages of diary, 1 500 paintings.

Exhibition courtesy to Donation Jacques-Henry Lartigue

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แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒก - แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ โ€žแƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ 25 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ โ€žแƒšแƒ˜แƒฐแƒขแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ—แƒแƒœโ€œ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒฐแƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒœ.โ€ 2003 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ) แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ โ€žแƒšแƒ˜แƒฐแƒขแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช 200 แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ 250 แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, 2003 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” 3 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, โ€žแƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’โ€, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” 800-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก 40 แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ; แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒข แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜. โ€žแƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’โ€ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒก: แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ 2003, แƒฐแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒšแƒขแƒ˜/ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ 2004, แƒ›แƒ”-7 แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒ›/ แƒšแƒฃแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒกแƒฐแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ 2005, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜ 2005, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”-5 แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜), แƒฏแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ 2007, แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ 2010. 2009 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ›แƒ โ€žแƒกแƒฃแƒ‘-แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜โ€ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ: โ€ž1989 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 9 แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ 1989 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.. แƒแƒจแƒจ/แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ โ€“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜/แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ โ€“ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—/แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ โ€“ แƒฆแƒแƒ–แƒ/แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ” โ€“ แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒขแƒ/แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒโ€.. แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘, แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ— โ€žแƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’โ€. แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”โ€. แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ (แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜) แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ: โ€žแƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก! แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”.แƒฌ. แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.โ€ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”: www.imagesagainstwar.com www.imagesagainstwalls.com

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แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒฏแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ– แƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜. แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ™ แƒฐแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ Photo By James Lerager. Major Hank Henry Rides the Bomb, National Atomic Museum, New Mexico 41


IMAGES

AGAINST THE WAR I think one has to act up and show his opinion in his own medium โ€“ In my case to initiate and do the exhibition and website โ€œFriends, photographers and artists related in the past 25 years to Galerie Lichtblick and of festivals in Arles, Birmingham, Braga, Groningen, Houston, Perpignan, Plovdiv, Portland and their friends are invited to give their visual statement against war.โ€ In February 2003, Tina Schelhorn, curator, and director of Galerie Lichtblick in Cologne, Germany, sent this e-mail to her friends in the photographic community around the world. Two weeks later, a website was launched featuring the work by 200 artists, and an exhibition of 250 images hung in her gallery โ€“ โ€žBabylonian Hanging Styleโ€œ. Densely displayed, the exhibition is an emphatic, yet nuanced, visual conversation about the causes and e๏ฌ€ects of con๏ฌ‚ict, wether large or small, and through photography re๏ฌ‚ects reality in a way no other two-dimensional medium can. Due to intense linking, the website had 3M hits by March/ April, 2003 and it has been constantly growing since. In nine years, Images Against the War that began as one womanโ€™s reaction to the US Invasion of Iraq, has grown to include the visual statements of more than 800 photographers from over 40 countries. It also has evolved into a public projection and exhibition presented throughout Europe and America expanding with each presentation while absorbing contributions from regional photographers. Participants range from internationally renowned ๏ฌne art photographers and Magnum

photojournalists to students and archives with special themes such as the Vietnam War. โ€œIAWโ€ was projected and exhibited worldwide: Berlin and Bruxelles, 2003; Hasselt/Belgium, 2004; 7th International Fototage in Mannheim/Ludwigshafen, 2005; photokina Imaging Fair, Cologne, 2005; 5th International Festival of Photography in Lodz/Poland, 2005; Junior Gallery, Cincinnati and the Peace Museum, Chicago, 2007; Zingst 2010. In 2009, Tina Schelhorn started a โ€œsubprojectโ€. Her message said: โ€œOn November 9, 1989 the Berlin Wall came down and in 1989, the Iron Curtain fell. But there still exsist border walls and even more are under construction... USA/Mexico โ€“ Israel/Palestine โ€“ North/South Korea โ€“ Gaza/Egypt โ€“ Ceuta/Morocco... I think itโ€™s time to do a special and start โ€œImages against Wallsโ€. I want your pictures โ€“ your participation โ€“ and I want it now.โ€ American photographer Steven Benson (Detroit) wrote: โ€žCongratulations! On the completion of a very important exhibition and website project. Images Against the War may have begun because of Iraq, but it re๏ฌ‚ects a belief system, which extends beyond this tragic moment in the history of the so-called civilized world.โ€œ On the occasion of the exhibition in Tbilisi, the website will be updated with new entries that came in from all over the world and the public and photocommunity in Georgia is asked to participate and add their statements to:

www.imagesagainstwar.com www.imagesagainstwalls.com

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แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  1968 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 1 แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก โ€žแƒšแƒแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒกโ€ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ Photo By Liu Jin. Homage to the famous Eddie Adamsโ€™ photograph of Loan Executing a Man on February 1, 1968

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แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒคแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ˜. แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜: แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ Photo By Simon Norfolk. From Afghanistan: Chronotopia

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒฃแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜. แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ #6, 2001 Photo By Qingsong Wang. Another Battle Series No.6, 2001 45


แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒกแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ• แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜. แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ 9/11 Photo By Steve Hart. New York 9/11



แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒš

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒก. แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒก. แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. โ€žแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒโ€œ โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒžแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. 24 แƒกแƒแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—, 2000แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก 600 แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒžแƒšแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒญแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 1 แƒแƒจแƒจ แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒšแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒช 3 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒก แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒฎแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒฅ แƒ•แƒฃแƒ“แƒฃ-แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก โ€“ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒค แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜

แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘ โ€“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒจแƒ˜. แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก โ€œแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜โ€, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒฆแƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒŸแƒแƒœ-แƒŸแƒแƒ™ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒจแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒฃ แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒž แƒ“แƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜. แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒจแƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ 1983 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. 1984-85 แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—. 1980-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ—แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš 1990-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒชแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก โ€“ โ€žแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”โ€œ โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ. 2003 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ Actes Sud-แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ โ€“ Sara. Le Pรจlerinage des Gitans แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒชแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ National Geographic, Stern, Le Figaro, Vogue Homme แƒ“แƒ Marie Claire. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก, Visa pour lโ€™Image-แƒ˜แƒก, Rencontres dโ€™Arles-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜: World Press-แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ โ€žแƒชแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ (1997 แƒฌ); โ€žแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”โ€œ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Eugene Smith-แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ (2000 แƒฌ); โ€žแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜โ€œ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก (2006 แƒฌ.); แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒก แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฏแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกโ€ (2008 แƒฌ.); Critical Mass-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ โ€œแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒโ€ (2011).

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แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ—-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฏแƒ, แƒžแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ Smokey Mountain Rubbish Dump, Phnom Pen, Cambodia 49


NIGEL

DICKINSON Beyond Borders Roma are a people whose history is not written within one countryโ€™s borders. They originated from India, traversing Asia as the Ottoman Empire pushed towards Europeโ€™s frontiers. Enslaved by monasteries in Romania, many were later deported to the Americas. Their story is about diaspora, migration, persecution and ethnic cleansing. Sedentary or nomadic, they have a strong identity, with a rich and vibrant culture. They can be extravagant and ostentatious, though some in too many places live in abject poverty. Smokey Mountain rubbish dump, which started as a land๏ฌll site sixty years ago, is on the outskirts Cambodiaโ€™s capital Phnom Penh; the grey cloud of acrid smoke exuding from constantly burning garbage gives it its nickname. 24 hours a day or night, some 2,000 casual workers, including 600 children, scavenge the dumpsite, collecting plastic bags, metal, plastics and paper for recycling. People work, eat, and sleep amidst the rubbish and its constant fumes, earning about $1 per day. The place is notorious for pollution, crime, and disease, and medical waste is a constant hazard. Kano is capital of the northern states, Nigeriaโ€™s least developed metropolis of 3 million, where the Emir governs with a form of medieval Sharia Islamic feudal law, controlling his people through enforced poverty. Voodoo animism and strict segregation exist side by side. Environmental portraits share rare and intimate scenes inside their sumptuous homes, where the rich and famous reveal themselves; with veteran German ๏ฌlm producer, Wolf C.

Hartwig and his actress wife Vรฉronique Vendell in Paris, he, who won a Bambi award for the movie she starred in The Cross of Iron; and Franceโ€™s top classic interior designer, of the Versailles, Jean-Jacques Garcia, with his mother and their dogs, in his Normandy country estate, Chรขteau du Champ de Bataille. Nigel Dickinson, a British documentary photographer, photojournalist, and ๏ฌlmmaker, focuses on the environment, marginalized communities, sustainable development, identity and culture. Graduating from She๏ฌƒeld UK, Dickinsonโ€™s ๏ฌrst show was at Camerawork Gallery, London in 1983; he photographed across South Africa the same year, then the Great Minersโ€™ Strike 1984-85; later began freelancing for media, in UK and abroad. The late 1980โ€™s he documented indigenous land rights and deforestation in Borneo; the early 1990s, the UK Road Protest Movement and began his twenty year project Roma Beyond Borders. In 2003, ten-yearsโ€™ work Sara. Le Pรจlerinage des Gitans, was published by Actes Sud. Features have been published in National Geographic, Stern, Le Figaro, Vogue Homme, Marie Claire. His work has been exhibited at the Venice Biennale, Visa Pour Lโ€™image, Rencontres dโ€™Arles, Moving Walls documentary series in New York, and currently at Rivington Place, London. Awards: โ€œMad Cowsโ€ World Press award 1997; Roma Beyond Borders runner up, Eugene Smith Award 2000; MEAT shortlisted European Publishers award 2006; โ€˜Cambodiaโ€™ Feature award, UK Press Photographers Year 2008; โ€˜Smokey Mountainโ€™ Critical Mass 2011 Solo Exhibition Award.

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แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒค แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“

Wold C Hartwig and Veronique Vendell

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แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€œ: แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ”, แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, 2005 แƒฌ. From Roma Gypsies Europe: Tampere, Finland 2005

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แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€œ: แƒกแƒ”แƒœ-แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜-แƒ“แƒ”-แƒšแƒ-แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜, 2001, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ From Roma Gypsies Europe: Les Saintes Maries de la Mer, Gypsy Festival, 2001, France

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แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”

แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒข แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒกแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒšแƒขแƒฐแƒแƒฃแƒกแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒš แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒกแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒžแƒแƒš แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒฅแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ โ€ข แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒœ แƒ”. แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒข แƒฏ. แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ™แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ™แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒš แƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒ โ€ข แƒกแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ• แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒฅแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒžแƒแƒ™ แƒฉแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒฃ โ€ข แƒฏแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ– แƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœ แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒšแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒฏแƒ”แƒค แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒฃแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ“แƒ”แƒœ แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒฏแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ˜แƒœ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒšแƒแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ แƒโ€™แƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒฃ โ€ข แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒš แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒฉแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒก-แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒกแƒ—แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒ™แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ  แƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ โ€ข แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒฐแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜, แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ

แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒก: แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒก, 1960-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ 70-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, 80-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒช: แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” 25 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ: แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ โ€žแƒšแƒ˜แƒฐแƒขแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜โ€œ, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜; แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜, 1995-2001 แƒฌแƒฌ.; แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜/ แƒšแƒฃแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒกแƒฐแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ 2005 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ 85 แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ แƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก.

แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ โ€žแƒšแƒ˜แƒฐแƒขแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜โ€œ, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜

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แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒฃแƒ“แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒฅแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, 1968, แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒ แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ Photo By Elliott Landy. bob dylan, Woodstock, NY, 1968. Infrared ๏ฌlm


CONTEMPORARY

AMERICAN PHOTOGRAPHY Mariette Pathy Allen โ€ข Stephen Althouse โ€ข Darryl Baird โ€ข Steven Benson โ€ข Paul Berger โ€ข Richard Bram โ€ข Kate Breakey โ€ข Luis Delgado โ€ข Susan E. Evans โ€ข Benedict J. Fernandez โ€ข Larry Fink โ€ข Jona Frank โ€ข Paula Gillen โ€ข Michael Grecco โ€ข Steve Hart โ€ข Karen Hoyt โ€ข Les Krims โ€ข Bill Kouwenhoven โ€ข Elliott Landy โ€ข Pok Chi Lau โ€ข James Lerager โ€ข Elaine Ling โ€ข Stephen Marc โ€ข Maurice Mattei โ€ข Je๏ฌ€ Mermelstein โ€ข William Messer โ€ข Felicia Murray โ€ข Dan Nelken โ€ข Justin Newhall โ€ข Laura Noel โ€ข Deborah Oโ€™Grady โ€ข Louie Palu โ€ข Michael Rauner โ€ข Chris Rauschenberg โ€ข Ken Rosenthal โ€ข Andrew Savulich โ€ข Dona Schwartz โ€ข Ann Simmons-Myers โ€ข Gordon Smith โ€ข Stan Strembicki โ€ข Arthur Tress โ€ข Toshi Ueshina โ€ข Brian Ulrich โ€ข Melanie Walker โ€ข Todd Walker The exhibition has works of photographers living and working in America and proclaims no national identity or the existence of genuinely American Photography. It attempts rather to demonstrate existing exchange processes at aesthetic and intellectual levels, and shows the international dimension in todayโ€™s media world. Their own aesthetic language combines di๏ฌ€erent sources, images and information. They e๏ฌ€ortlessly mix present-day elements with well-known images from contemporary history long since entrenched in collective memory. And they draw on the rich fund of

art history: German expressionism, the concept art of the 60s/70s, currents of the 1980s and in๏ฌ‚uences from specially German Photography โ€“ a process that of course works in both directions. The artists submit the modern age to critical re๏ฌ‚ection, interrogating the relationship between private and public space, examining role patterns and their attribution, and are always on the lookout for a good story. Not least of all, biographical background plays a role: concern with oneโ€™s own identity, with oneโ€™s role as an artist, and with oneโ€™s origins. This examination is partly poetic and romantic, and it is always personal. The selection of artists is the result of more than 25 years doing shows of American Photography in Germany and all over Europe; in Galerie Lichtblick in Cologne, in Internationale Fototage Herten 1995-2001, Internationale Fototage Mannheim/ Ludwigshafen 2005 with 85 exhibitions from USA and international photo festivals. Of course, besides giving a broad overview on the tendencies of the last ten years with one of the largest exhibitions of American Photography shown outside the USA, it is a personal statement about my view on the visual world today and my perception of the synchronicity and layers of images of reality.

Tina Schelhorn, Galerie Lichtblick, Cologne

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แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒกแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ Photo By Steven Benson. Three Gorges Dam, China 57


แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒšแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒ˜. แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒขแƒขแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“. 2001 Photo By Larry Fink. From Forbidden Pictures. Homage to Otto Dix. 2001

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แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒฃ. แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ 2005 Photo By Louie Palu. From: Cage Call 2005 59


แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™ แƒแƒฃแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ /แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ”แƒ  แƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒจแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒฃแƒขแƒ” แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜/แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒฃ โ€ข แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ” แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒขแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒšแƒ”แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™ แƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ™ แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜ โ€ข แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ โ€ข แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ™ แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ” โ€ข แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ; แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ. แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ โ€žแƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜โ€œ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกโ€ขแƒขแƒ˜โ€ขแƒ’แƒ แƒ˜ (แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜) 1. แƒžแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฏแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒ. 2. แƒฏแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 100 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜

แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒก แƒแƒœ แƒฏแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€“ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœโ€ขแƒฅแƒ แƒโ€ขแƒœแƒฃโ€ขแƒšแƒโ€ขแƒ‘แƒ (แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜) แƒแƒ› แƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒš แƒ˜แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€œ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ’แƒโ€ขแƒœแƒฃโ€ขแƒกแƒแƒ–โ€ขแƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”โ€ขแƒšแƒโ€ขแƒ‘แƒ (แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜) โ€žแƒ แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒ, แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ—.โ€œ โ€“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ  แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜, 1927 แƒฌ. แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜โ€œ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ•แƒ.

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แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™ แƒšแƒ”แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜. แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ โ€“ แƒ“แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ˜โ€œ, 2007 Photo By Frederic Lezmi. From Arabian Prospects โ€“ Dubai, 2007


CONTEMPORARY

GERMAN PHOTOGRAPHY Mistigris โ€“ German Contemporary Photography Dominique Auerbacher/Holger Trรผlzsch โ€ข Andrej Barov โ€ข Ute Behrend โ€ข Barbara Burg/ Oliver Schuh โ€ข Dirk Gebhardt โ€ข Teona Gogichaishvili โ€ข Sibylle Fendt โ€ข Frederic Lezmi โ€ข David Klammer โ€ข Marc Rรคder โ€ข Frank Robert โ€ข Lukas Roth โ€ข Frank Rothe โ€ข Wolfgang Zurborn Curating for me is more like creating or composing of an exhibition. The pictures are the particles or atoms, all with their own meaning in the series and sequencing of the artists, and for a group show you just take out parts of it, out of their context and story, and use them to create a new rhythm. You take these molecules, look at the space they will be displayed in and by combining them in this or that way you play them like notes for a melody on the walls. Three words are behind my ideas โ€“ you can see it is a transformation of an idea in my mind โ€“ not a statement on โ€œGermanโ€ Photography โ€“ but about what happens specially in Cologne in photography right now. Mistigris โ€“ misโ€ขtiโ€ขgris (noun) 1. High poker with the joker wild. 2. The joker, when it can represent any card. The name comes from French, and is close to 100 years old. It originally meant jack of spades, in the old games of Boulliotte, similar to modern poker, and

later was used for the blank card or joker that came with a deck of cards and then for a game played with that card. Synchronicity โ€“ synโ€ขchroโ€ขnicโ€ขiโ€ขty (noun) It is an explanatory principle, according to its creator, Carl Jung. Synchronicity explains โ€œmeaningful coincidencesโ€. His notion of synchronicity is that there is an acausal principle that links events having a similar meaning by their coincidence in time rather than sequentially. He claimed that there is a synchrony between the mind and the phenomenal world of perception. Uncertainty Principle โ€“ unโ€ขcerโ€ขtainโ€ขty (noun) โ€œThe more precisely the position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known in this instant, and vice versaโ€. โ€“ Werner Heisenberg, 1927. Heisenbergโ€™s Uncertainty Principle is one of the fundamental concepts of the โ€œmatrixโ€ form of Quantum Physics, and the basis for the initial realization of fundamental uncertainties in the ability to measure more than one quantum variable at a time. Trying to measure a particleโ€™s position to the highest degree of accuracy, leads to an increasing uncertainty in being able to measure the particleโ€™s momentum to an equally high degree of accuracy.

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แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜. แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜. 2007 Photo By Lukas Roth. Aquarium. 2007



แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ™ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜. Sertao do Cariri, แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. 2012 Photo By Dirk Gebhardt. Sertao do Cariri, Brazil. 2012

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ: แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜. แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€œ, แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ, แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒ˜. 2005 Photo By Wolfgang Zurborn. From Drift, Untitled, Cologne. 2005 65


JURY MEMBERS แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ

แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

TINA SCHELHORN GERMANY

NIGEL DICKINSON THE UK

WOLFGANG ZURBORN GERMANY

LIKA MAMATSASHVILI GEORGIA


PHOTO AWARD แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜


แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 2012-แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ 300-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜โ€, แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 1984 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒแƒ˜แƒ• แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒž แƒกแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก โ€“ โ€œแƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒซแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•-แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒžแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜โ€ แƒฏแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฐแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก

แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜โ€. แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ โ€žแƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ“, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฐแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒ แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ•แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช.

KOLGA TBILISI PHOTO 2012 แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜: แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒฐแƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’ แƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ 68


This year the Kolga Tbilisi Photo contest has motivated participants from all over the world to submit photographic series with di๏ฌ€erent themes and stylistic transformations across documentary and experimental imagery. The excellent quality of the submissions made it possible to select photographers for the award who can give new impetus to the medium of photography with intense and unusual perspectives. The 300+ picture exhibition by the contest entrants within the Kolga Tbilisi Photo Meetings 2012, provides an important statement for photography as a means of communication between cultures, and highlights the importance of Tbilisi as a meeting place for international photography. Emanuele Lami, the winner in the category of documentary photography, creates through his series John a multilayered portrait of a former dancer, who became HIV positive in 1984. One can feel the fascination for this person who dreamed of being famous and who faced his illness with great personal strength. Religious con๏ฌ‚icts in the Middle East in times of dramatic political changes are the subject of the reportage Legacy St. Markโ€™s by Philipp Spalek. But itโ€™s not the spectacular bloody con๏ฌ‚ict which he directs his attention. Instead, he portrays their culture with dignity. This set of calm and focused b/w photographs show how a Christian Coptic community live with everyday violence. With her series My Brotherโ€™s War, Jessica Hines embarks on a search for traces of the memory of her brother Gary, who could not

KOLGA TBILISI PHOTO 2012 Jurors: Tina Schelhorn Nigel Dickinson Wolfgang Zurborn Lika Mamatsashvili 69

cope with his experiences in the Vietnam War and took his own life. His letters and photographs from the days of the war, layered in experimental montages, create a very personal and emotional view of a vulnerable personality. Street Photography at its best is depicted in Routine, NY by Reinis Fjodorovs. This image shot on a New York quayside, with Manhattan as a backdrop, freezes in a split second an everyday moment, rendering the theatre of real life, as a complex and absurd spectacle. The work Unde๏ฌned Places by Torben Hoeke raises fundamental questions about our perception of the world. The interface, between documentary and ๏ฌction, mutates in real space, model-like visions of human existence and arti๏ฌcial model worlds, to create a hyper-real presence. Despite the range of visual strategies, used by these lens-basedartists, the consequent implementation of a variety of subjective views of the world, through di๏ฌ€erent photographic visions, unite the work of the winners. Some portray their vision in a single photograph, whilst others through the interaction of several images in a series. The wide range of artistic images, which form this exhibition, made through the eyes of conceptual and documentary photographers, selected through The Kolga Tbilisi Photo contest, bring together a multiplicity of vision, and help us to better understand ourselves, and the world we live in, both in the present day and for the future.


WINNERS 2012

แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

EXPERIMENTAL PHOTO

แƒฏแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜

JESSICA HINES

แƒแƒจแƒจ

USA

แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜

REPORTAGE

แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒž แƒกแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜

PHILIPP SPALEK

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

GERMANY

แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜

REINIS FJODOROVS

แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ

LATVIA

80

DOCUMENTARY SERIES

แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ”แƒš แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜

EMANUELE LAMI

แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

ITALY

แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

76

BEST MOMENT

แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜

แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ

71

82

CONCEPTUAL PHOTO

แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ™แƒ”

TORBEN Hร–KE

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

GERMANY

86


แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

EXPERIMENTAL PHOTO แƒฏแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜

Jessica Hines

แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒžแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒข แƒšแƒฃแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ-แƒจแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ); แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ); แƒฐแƒฃแƒแƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒฃแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜); แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ Saigon Open City แƒฎแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜); แƒžแƒšแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ/ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ); แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ); แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ (แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜); แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒ›/แƒšแƒฃแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒกแƒฐแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ); แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒšแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒšแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒแƒจแƒจ); แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒแƒจแƒจ) แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜ Spรฉos-แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜). แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒฐแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒŸแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒขแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒž แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ; แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก 2010 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ-แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœ-แƒžแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก 2010 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜โ€œ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ โ€žแƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜/แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜โ€œ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ— แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ (2011 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜).

Artist and storyteller Jessica Hines, uses the cameraโ€™s inherent quality as a recording device to explore illusion and to suggest truths that underlie the visible world. At the core of Hinesโ€™ work lies an inquisitive nature inspired by personal memory, experience and the unconscious mind. Hines began to cultivate her creative disposition early in life and her love of the arts led her to attend Washington University in St. Louis, where she earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. Continuing to pursue her interests, she studied photography at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign where she received a Master of Fine Arts degree. Hinesโ€™ lectures and exhibitions have been included at Centro Cultural Borges in Buenos Aires, Argentina; Unitec Institute of Technology in Auckland, New Zealand; Huazhong University in Wuhan, China; Sร i Gรฒn Thร nh Phแป‘ MแปŸ/Saigon Open City Gallery in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Galerรญa de Artes Plรกsticas, Universidad Veracruzana in Xalapa, Mexico; GoEun Museum of Photography in Busan, Korea; Pingyao International Photography Festival in Pinqyao, China; Fototage in Mannheim/Ludwigshafen, Germany; College of Charleston in Charleston, South Carolina, as well as at University of the Arts in Philadelphia and the Spรฉos Photographic Institute in Paris, France. Hines most recently won the Humanitarian Documentary Grant in the WPGA Annual 2011 Pollux Awards, juried by Philip Brookman, Chief Curator and Head of Research at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington DC; First Prize in Fine Art Portfolio in the Worldwide Photography Gala Awards 2010; Grand Prize for portfolio in the Lens Culture International Exposure Awards 2010 and participated in a group exhibitions called In Love and War curated by Adriana Teresa at the FotoVisura Pavilion during the New York Photo Festival 2011 and Subjective /Objective, curated by Elisabeth Biondi, 2011, New York, New York.

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โ€žแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜โ€ 1967 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒก. 4 แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒก, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜โ€œ แƒแƒฌแƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ—, แƒžแƒแƒกแƒขแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ, แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, 50%-แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒฎแƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ; แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ–แƒ”โ€œ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”. แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ‘ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ, แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜.

My Brotherโ€™s War In 1967 my brother, Gary, was sent to war in Viet Nam by the US Army. Because our parents were not well and Gary was our caretaker, I was sent to live with relatives. On November 4th, my eighth birthday, he arrived in Qui Nhom, Viet Nam. I rarely saw him again until I was in my teens. Upon returning home, Gary was classi๏ฌed as having a โ€œservice connected nervous conditionโ€ that we later came to know as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. My pre-war brother, a normal and well-adjusted person had become, according to the US Veteranโ€™s Administration, 50% disabled. He took his own life ten years later. Twenty-๏ฌve years after his death, I was compelled to ๏ฌnd answers to long unanswered questions. I contacted Garyโ€™s wartime friends, attended his companyโ€™s reunion, visited his grave for the ๏ฌrst time and the house where he died, discovered he had fallen in love, and twice traveled to Viet Nam to retrace Garyโ€™s โ€œfootstepsโ€ using his photographs and letters to serve as my guides. Among other discoveries made over this past year, I found Garyโ€™s missing negatives from the war. I continue to make images in order to better understand what took place so long ago. Through the use of my camera, I share my discoveries and in the process, ๏ฌnally grieve, accept, share and slowly come to understand the brother I never really knew.

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แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜

REPORTAGE

แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒž แƒกแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜

Philipp Spalek

1984 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒž แƒกแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ™แƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ 6 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› 1990 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒกแƒข-แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒšแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. 10 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ—-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ›แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒฅแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ— โ€žแƒแƒš-แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜โ€œ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒš-แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก.

Born in 1984, Philipp Spalek spent the ๏ฌrst 6 years in his hometown Berlin, before he moved to Syria with his family in 1990, where he missed most of the post-communist turbulences in Eastern Germany. In Damascus, he visited an American School and got in touch with the Arabic Language. At the age of 10, he moved back to Germany, but always kept a close relationship to the Middle East. During travels to Syria, Egypt and Southeast Asia, he discovered his interest in photography. Still fascinated by the Arabic language after ๏ฌnishing High School, and convinced, that language and cultural knowledge would hand him the tools to tell the stories, he wants to tell, he started to study Middle Eastern Studies and Modern History in Freiburg. During his studies, he worked as a photographer for Al-Shuruq newspaper in Cairo and for various German newspapers and magazines. He learned ๏ฌ‚uent Arabic and now lives and works both in Cairo and Berlin.

แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ

St. Markโ€™s Legacy

แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒžแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒกแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒžแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ 20-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ’แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒšแƒก แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ.

The Egyptian Copts constitute the largest Christian community in the Middle East. Over the past decades, they experienced a turbulent history of alternating religious persecution and relative stability. But their situation worsened dramatically with the overthrow of Husni Mubarak and the violent attacks on churches in Cairo and Upper Egypt, which left hundreds injured and more than 20 dead. While the Muslim Brothers set out to concentrate both the parliamentary and presidential power in their hands and the Sala๏ฌ groups witness a new dawn after decades of repression, the Christian Minority fears about its future at the Nile. My aim is to go beyond the news of bloody religious tensions. Only the knowledge of a social group leads to acceptance and respect. The project takes a dual interest. I started to cover the history and religious culture, which plays a major role in daily life and searched for the silent traces and cracks, which the sectarian violence left behind. 76




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แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜

BEST MOMENT

แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜

Reinis Fjodorovs

แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ). 2010 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒจแƒแƒžแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ แƒฃแƒแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“. 2010 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜. 2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ— โ€œDienaโ€-แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. 2011 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒšแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ—โ€. แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜.

Born in Riga, he was raised in Daugavpils (Latvia). In 2010, he graduated from London Communication College and spent the next three years in London, where he participated in a street photography workshop with Hanna White. The same year, he became the London Street Photography Award ๏ฌnalist in the student category. In 2012, he won the Diena annual award in photography in the People category. He has participated in several group exhibitions in Latvia, UK and other European countries. In 2011, his solo exhibition โ€“ โ€œAs We Areโ€ โ€“ took place in Latvia. Reinis Fjodorovs still lives in Daugavpils and works as a photographer for regional publications and participates in various projects.

แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ Routine. NY 80



แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

DOCUMENTARY PHOTO แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ”แƒš แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜

Emanuele Lami

แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ 1983 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜. 2006 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ. 2007แƒ“แƒแƒœ 2009 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜. 2010 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ โ€œCorriere della Seraโ€, โ€œTAZโ€, โ€œSรผddeutsche Zeitung Magazinโ€. 2011 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก 35 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. 2012 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒขแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ.

Born in Rome in 1983. In 2006 he got a degree in international economics in Rome. Between 2007 and 2009, he studied photography at the Neue Schule fรผr Photographie in Berlin. Since 2010, he works as a freelance photographer. He has worked with various newspapers and magazines, both Italian and German, such as Corriere della Sera, TAZ, and Sรผddeutsche Zeitung Magazin. In 2011, his works were picked for an exhibit at the Venice Biennale, where he won the 2011 Venice Biennale Under35 Artist Training Prize; while in 2012, he won the Leica 24X36 Talents Award.

แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜

John

แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒฐแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ—. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฅ. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ–แƒšแƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. 1980 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. 1984 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒ“แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ›แƒ 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ Leica 24x36 Talents Award แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ.

When a man walks into a room, he brings his whole life with him. He has a million reasons for being anywhere, just ask him. If you listen, heโ€™ll tell you how he got there. How he forgot where he was going, and that he woke up. If you listen, heโ€™ll tell you about the time he thought he was an angel or dreamt of being perfect. And then heโ€™ll smile with wisdom, content that he realized the world isnโ€™t perfect. John was born in Holland, where he becomes a famous dancer. He moves to Berlin in 1980. In 1984 he gets HIV. Since then he lives with the virus. The project won the Leica 24x36 Talents Award in march 2012.

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แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ

CONCEPTUAL PHOTO แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ™แƒ”

Torben Hรถke

แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ 1980 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜. 2009 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ -แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ 2009 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ โ€žแƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ; แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ˜: แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜โ€œ; 2010 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒœแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€œ. 2006-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 2007 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜โ€œ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. 2010-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒฏแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. 2011 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ 2006 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก World Press Photoแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒแƒแƒž แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ; 2009 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒ™แƒ” Canon Pro๏ฌfoto Fรถrderpreis 09/2แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ, 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ Peter- Christian Schlueschen-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ.

Born in 1980 in Bielefeld, Germany. In 2009, he got a diploma in Integrated Design from the University of Arts in Bremen and since October of the same year, he works as an independent designer/photographer. He has participated in numerous group exhibitions in Germany, such as โ€œUnde๏ฌned Placesโ€ in Bremen; โ€œAxis: Bold as Loveโ€ in Berlin; and โ€œRented Roomsโ€ at Photokina, Cologne. Between 2006 and 2007, he worked on the Kolkata Heritage Photo Project in India, while between 2010 and 2011, he worked in Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. In 2011, he delivered lectures at the University of the Arts in Bremen. Among his many distinctions, in 2006 Torben Hรถke was nominated the World Press Photo Joop Swart Masterclass; in 2009, he received the Canon Pro๏ฌfoto Fรถrderpreis 09/2 as well as the Peter-Christian Schlueschen Preis in 2011.

แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

Unde๏ฌned Places

แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”. แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒช: แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒš แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ—. แƒแƒฅ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.

In my pictures, I try to reveal a further, metaphysical noticelevel. The objects turn into representations, which question an established point of view towards the existing world as well as the comprehension of existence itself. The images are both ๏ฌction and the document: freed from their functional relation, the objects can create another, unde๏ฌned places in which it is possible to meet them in a new context. That also raises the question how our perception works.

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แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

SHORTLIST DAVID KLAMMER

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ

DINA OGANOVA

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ EKATERINE MAMAMTAVRISHVILI แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ

ELENE DAMENIA

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

EVA BRUNNER

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

111 117 115 114 110 109 108

แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒ˜

ROBERT RUTOED

แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ

Austria

แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜

VALERIE SCHMIDT

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒžแƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜

CARMEN SPITZNAGEL

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜

TOMASZ KULBOWSKI

แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Poland

แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒฐแƒแƒ™แƒ”

TORBEN Hร–KE

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜

VADIM KOZLOVSKY

แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜

GIORGI AGAJANOV

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

IAN CARVER

แƒแƒจแƒจ

USA

แƒ™แƒแƒแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜

KAAMNA PATEL

แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

France

แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜

KATHARINA BEHLING

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

CONCEPTUAL แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ˜

MARKUS LOKAI

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜

MARTIJN PETERS

แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

The Netherlands

แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒฐแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

NEIL CHOWDHURY

130 126 124 122

107 106 100 104 103 105 101 96 102 98 97 99 94

BEST MOMENT แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

แƒแƒจแƒจ

USA

แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

LINN PHYLLIS SEEGER

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ

Ukraine

แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜

VLAD SOKHIN

แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ/แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Portugal/Russia

แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒขแƒ” แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

ANKA GUJABIDZE Georgia

BALINT HIRLING Hungary

BEHREND UTE Germany

แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”

CARINA LINGE

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

90


MISCHA CHRISTEN

แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ

Switzerland

DOCUMENTARY แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒšแƒชแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜

DANA STร–LZGEN

208 204 271 234 175 198 196 171 193 188 184 176 182 178 172

165 167 160 151 149 158 154 143 146 144 133 138 136 134 121

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

DAVID KLAMMER

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ

DINA OGANOVA

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ

ELENE DAMENIA

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒ”แƒ•แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ

EUGENIA MAXIMOVA

แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜/แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ

Bulgaria/Austria

แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜

FRITZ FABERT

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ–แƒ

HERNAD GEZA

แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Hungary

แƒ˜แƒแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ™แƒ”

JOHANNES HEINKE

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒซแƒ”

KETA GVINEPADZE

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ

KSENIYA LYADOVA

แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Russia

แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜

MONIKA DELIC

แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒœแƒ˜แƒ-แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ/แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Bosnia and Herzegovina/Germany

แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜

SABINE VON BASSEWITZ

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

STEPHANIE WIEGNER

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜

TITO MOURAZ

แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

91

Portugal

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒžแƒแƒฉแƒ”

ALESSANDRO PACE

แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

Italy

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜

MISCHA CHRISTEN

แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ

Switzerland

แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

DAVID KLAMMER

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ

DINA OGANOVA

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ”

GIANNI GIOSUE

แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

Italy

แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ

GIULIO DI STURCO

แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

Italy

แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ–แƒ

HERNAD GEZA

แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Hungary

แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜

SANDRA HOYN

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ™แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ  แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”

KAKHABER EMIRIDZE

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒข แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒกแƒขแƒ˜

KURT HOERBST

แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ

Austria

แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜

LINDA DREISEN

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ

LUCA SPANO

แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

Italy

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜

MISHA DOMOZHILOV

แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Russia

แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒฐแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

NEIL CHOWDHURY

แƒแƒจแƒจ

USA

แƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ  แƒ–แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜

PIOTR ZBIERSKI

แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Poland


ROBERT WELSH

แƒแƒจแƒจ

USA

แƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ

TATIANA ILINA

แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Russia

แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ™แƒ”

TORBEN Hร–KE

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜

VLAD SOKHIN

แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ/แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Portugal/ Russia

แƒŸแƒแƒšแƒข แƒแƒšแƒแƒค แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜

ZOLT OLAF SAMODY

แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Hungary

246 244 242 240 237 238

EXPERIMENTAL แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ‘แƒแƒ’แƒ˜

BELL BOGI

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

DATO ABRAMISHVILI

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜

ALEXANDER GEHRING

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ”

CHRISTINE MATHIEU

แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

France

แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒฐแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

NEIL CHOWDHURY

แƒแƒจแƒจ

USA

แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜

PINA KOHNEN

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

284 298 282 278 269 276 271 274 261 264 257

232 220 218 216 214

แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜

แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜

SANDRA HOYN

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ™แƒแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜

KAI LOEFFELBEIN

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

MARIAM AMURELASHVILI

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜

MAURICE KOHL

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜

MISHA DOMOZHILOV

แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Russia

แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒ˜

ROBERT RUTOED

แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ

Austria

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

SERGI BARISASHVILI

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

TEMO BARDZIMASHVILI

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ

Georgia

แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜

TOMASZ KULBOWSKI

แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Poland

แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฐแƒแƒšแƒขแƒ˜

WERNER MANSHOLT

แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ

Germany

แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜

VLAD SOKHIN

แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ/แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜

Portugal/Russia

250

REPORTAGE แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ

GIULIO DI STURCO

แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ

Italy

92


แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜

BEST MOMENT


แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ: แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ David Klammer Series: Bodybuilders 94


95


แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ Giorgi Agajanov Marjanishvili 96


แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ Ekaterine Mamamtavrishvili A Man 97


แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ Elene Damenia Peace in Bed

98


แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ Dina Oganova Everyone Has Gone

99


แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

Martijn Peters Vulcano Folks

100


แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“. แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”. แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ 101

Ian Carver Stalinโ€™s decapitated stone head rests alongside his fallen body. Old Factory, Didube, Tbilisi.


แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜

Eva Brunner The Berlin Wall 102


แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ 103

Katharina Behling Weiss



แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒก แƒšแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ” Lokai Markus Burlesque Dancer

แƒ™แƒแƒแƒ›แƒœแƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก Kaamna Patel Scramble for the Sun 105


แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒฐแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

Neil Chowdhury Hunters and Gatherers

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แƒšแƒ˜แƒœ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ

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Seeger Linn Phylli Esperanto



แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ Robert Rutoed Untitled

แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ Valerie Schmidt Figures of A๏ฌ€ect Best Moment 109


แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒžแƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜

Carmen Spitznagel To Be a Sheep

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แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜

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Vlad Sokhin Goat-blood-bath at Witchdoctorโ€™s House, Mozambique


แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜

Vlad Sokhin A boy and a Goose, Mozambique

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แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜

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Vlad Sokhin Street Kids, Mozambique


แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜

Tomasz Kulbowski Sydney Opera House

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แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ™แƒ” แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ (แƒฐแƒแƒœแƒแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜)

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Torben Hรถke Monk (Hanoi, Vietnam)


แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ™แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ (แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜) Torben Hรถke The Bereaved (Varanasi, India) 116


แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒœแƒ Vadim Kozlovsky Birdie 117



แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ Vadim Kozlovsky Best Moment

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แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜

CONCEPTUAL


แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒญแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜, 2008

Mischa Christen From the Series โ€œIf Something Is Happeningโ€ One might suppose that these people are experiencing a certain feeling, which lets them foresee something and they are paralyzed as a result. These are the moments of uncertainty and unawareness about what will happen. New York City, 2008

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แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒขแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒžแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒก แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€œแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒโ€. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒแƒ› โ€“ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ›แƒ. แƒ‘แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ.. แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฏแƒ, 2011..

แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ.

แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ,

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Anka Gujabidze A friend of mine, Tato, was shooting his diploma work for the academy titled โ€œSazamtroโ€ (Watermelon). I was amazed by the main character Gocha, a big guy with a red shirt. He is just perfect, he studied in Siberia. There are other characters in the movie as wellโ€ฆ David Gareja, Georgia. August 2011...

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แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ— แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒก แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก โ€žแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ.. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒญแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—.

Balint Hirling From the Series: War in a Peaceful Country The photos of the participants were taken during an airsoft competetion. To imitate the war, players wear almost the same uniforms and use almost the same weapons as they do during a real war. In reality, however, the ๏ฌghters are doctors, teachers... who live in a peaceful country but still need some excitement in their lives.

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แƒฃแƒขแƒ” แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก 5 แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ” แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒซแƒ แƒแƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•, แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒช, แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒคแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ”แƒกแƒ—แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ•แƒแƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ•แƒ. แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ.

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Ute Behrend From the Series: 5 Portraits of Children I work with pairs of images and book concepts, as the visual narrative is a means of expression to me. I arrange my images in pairs and stick to them in exhibitions and publications. What I like about photography in comparison to literature is the directness of a photograph. The image interferes vigorously with manโ€™s realm of imagination. My way of dealing with images creates an additional space that may generate further associations. Thus, the literary aspect will be re-established. The beholderโ€™s visual capability of association is challenged and will respond quicker than the linguistic systems. Paired images create a visual echo. Various references in form and content may be discovered in contemplation. An emotional mood-board is evoked by the images that can hardly be verbalized. It gives no explanation as to what triggers o๏ฌ€ feelings of being moved deeply or even feelings of unease or discomfort. That accounts for the poetic quality of my work. Photography o๏ฌ€ers me distance for re๏ฌ‚ection and the opportunity to explain myself. I react on outside impetus based on aesthetic provocation, insatiable longings, mistakes and peculiarities. Intuition and the search for clarity are the parameters in my artistic work. Finding poetry is the aim.

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แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ” แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: Einsamer Eros

Carina Linge From the Series: Einsamer Eros

แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜โ€œ (Einsamer Eros) แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒแƒฅ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒœแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ objets trouvรฉs, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš, แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ•แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒก. แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ›แƒซแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ: แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ? แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ?

For my series โ€žEinsamer Erosโ€œ (Lonesome Eros), I have worked on symbolic portraits of young women and couples in the form of pictorial tableaux resembling psychograms. In these, I arrange staged images of the body, still lives, short texts and objets trouvรฉs that o๏ฌ€er allusions to concrete individuals and their sensibilities. In contrast to traditional portraits, the faces remain invisible. Instead, I take up the pictorial rhetoric of classical painting and create expressive, emotionally charged metaphorical and symbolic images, which allow viewers insight into the inner world of the woman portrayed. For me is portraiture a hermeneutical work in an endeavour to grasp one personยดs life from a variety of perspectives, in order to interpret it. The interpretation they o๏ฌ€er always re๏ฌ‚ects one particular aspect of interest, namely the question now so acutely raised in modern society with its guarantees of individual autonomy: why is singledom an increasingly common way of life? Why do the yearning for love and the desire for grati๏ฌed coupledom so often remain unful๏ฌlled?

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แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒฅแƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก Elene Damenia From the Series: Paper Crown, Dream Labyrinth and Her

แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ” Einsamer Eros Carina Linge Einsamer Eros 132



แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ แƒจแƒขแƒแƒšแƒชแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ

Dana Stรถlzgen From the Series: Everyone I Once Loved

แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜?

What is a lover?

แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ.

Someone I have made love to. Someone who has made love to me.

แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ.

Someone I love. Someone I once loved. Someone I might have loved.

แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”.

Someone who has come close to me. Someone who never really knew me. Someone who has left me. Someone whom I have left.

แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒซแƒ แƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ•แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘.

This is a series of photographs of men. Men who at some point have touched my heart. Hopefully, the portraits show a little bit of them and a little bit of me looking at them.

แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒžแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒœ, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก.

Each portrait is complemented by a still life. The still life may illustrate a speci๏ฌc moment in our relationship or be a metaphor for the relationship itself.

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แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒขแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฆแƒ•แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก - โ€œแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒขแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒขแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก.

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David Klammer From the Series: Pilgrims at Ganga Sagar Mela Where the holy river Ganga ๏ฌ‚ows into the sea the annual bathing festival of Ganga Sagar takes place every year. Just before the sun reaches over the horizon, hundreds of thousands devotees ๏ฌ‚ock into the salt waters to perform their ritauls. The series is part of my ongoing project โ€œACT of Faithโ€ which portrays people in religious contexts with a heavily darkened background to create a theatrical atmosphere.

137


Irakliโ€ฆ. โ€œFreedom for our passions for ever. Pelagiaโ€ฆI love you very much. If you will not be a follower of any kind of religion, have a temple in your inner universeโ€ฆ Remember! God is a deep thought and he is the only, because of that he will be until you are!โ€ 06/06/2010 Godfather

Mariamโ€ฆ I always catch a likeness between you and a characters of talesโ€ฆ However, there something is still missing in youโ€ฆ Switch o๏ฌ€ your mind, follow the waves of the sea, which will take you to an old coast, where there is happinessโ€ฆ August 22 is a beautiful date... Congratulations on your return. Martha

แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ˜

Dina Oganova Dikarkaโ€™s Room


Mishaโ€ฆ He doesnโ€™t look like a guest, but really, heโ€™s here for the ๏ฌrst time. Heโ€™s been in my room since the morning and I didnโ€™t even realize itโ€ฆ I was happy to see him, but I couldnโ€™t express it as usual... I am always happy to see you! He is like an older brother, who always lectures me and observes me at the same time. โ€“ Do I often suprise you? You are looking at me in a strange wayโ€ฆ โ€“ I would like to drink some co๏ฌ€ee. At my place, there is never any co๏ฌ€ee, or cigarettes orโ€ฆ Itโ€™s strange, here is some bread todayโ€ฆ โ€“ Is there anything symbolical about it? There are three of us in the room and everyone is quietโ€ฆ Director Anikaโ€ฆ She is the smaller between us, she is jolly, active and generally, has a di๏ฌ€erent energetics. Her eyes, full of life, and this strange gazeโ€ฆ If I donโ€™t know her, I would think that I see the most sorrowful person all over the world. I even couldnโ€™t notice how my little ๏ฌsh has grown up and convert into a wonderful mermaid. In spite of her age, Anika is a grown personโ€ฆ Fish


SeraFimโ€ฆ I was very afraid of thunder in my childhood, this strange lighting and thunder always associated with some troubleโ€ฆ Once in summer, we were in the village, suddenly it started raining, slip out the wind, lighting and thunder. I couldnโ€™t sleep and I donโ€™t let you to sleep.I remember, you came in my room and set down on my bed. You were talking during all night long. In the morning, when I opened my eyes, you were still sitting on my bed and looking at me with smilingโ€ฆ SeraFim is my brother, but we meet each other just once in a yearโ€ฆ in summer. Brother

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Lashaโ€ฆ Instead of speaking to each other, we sometimes writeโ€ฆ I write about the summer Iโ€™d spent, while you write about me; I write about my emotions, you โ€“ about your feelings; I write about love, you write about solitude. And we both write about the sea, seagulls, music and the roomโ€ฆ Itโ€™s our favorite place, full of joy, quarrels, friends, loveโ€ฆ No, love is never too muchโ€ฆ โ€“ Do you believe in love at the ๏ฌrst sight? โ€“ Sometimes I do but sometimes I donโ€™t. โ€“ Try to make it simple. โ€“ OK thenโ€ฆ Today is Tarkovskyโ€™s birthdayโ€ฆ โ€“ Today is our last day. โ€“ Love with your love. Lotus Flower

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In the last two years, Iโ€™ve been feeling the smell of the same people around me. They come here, they entertain me often, but even more often they feel lonely whenever they are with meโ€ฆ As if they were trying to lock themselves up and hide from the world outside, but I keep opening windows and letting the sunshine inโ€ฆ For them, I am the lightest point in their black and white livesโ€ฆ They love meโ€ฆ Each in their own way but they keep mentioning me in their thoughtsโ€ฆ I look so calm today, so tidy and fresh as never before. It is still raining in my damp town. The last tape on the table, is asking for a new story, new snapshots, new peopleโ€ฆ But no one here is by chanceโ€ฆ Room โ„– 87

142


แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ–แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€œแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”โ€ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ’แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ, แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒแƒช. (2010-2011) Hernad Geza From the Series: Revisit โ€œSame is Never the Sameโ€ My work is about the wonderfully complicated relationship that man has with his seemingly persistent environment. Enchanting scenes that I have visited since childhood through to my adolescent years have slowly devolved into something mundane, something well known, devoid of the magic that I used to encounter as a child. Familiarity and repetition has demysty๏ฌed these places and the vast, almost limitless sensation of things only comes back in split seconds. Through my photographs I am trying to recapture the childlike marvel towards nature and reveal the true face of these locations at the same time. It is an exploration of the mechanism of illusion. The same is never the same again, even a view changes constantly, and so does our perception. (2010-2011) 143


แƒ”แƒ•แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ

Eugenia Maximova From the Series: Kitchen Stories from the Balkans

แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฏแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ”.แƒฌ. แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก 500-แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก 50-แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜โ€ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒก (แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜) แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒจแƒœแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ‘แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ.

The kitchen room is not only the soul and spirit of the Balkan home, but it is the exact mirror image of the Balkan society. The kitchen perfectly depicts the crossroad position of the so-called Balkan countries and mediates the highly perceptible sense of lost identity in the region. This lost identity is an inevitable legacy of the 500 years of Ottoman yoke and another almost 50 years of isolation and captivity behind the iron curtain. There is neither time nor money for โ€œcreativeโ€ decoration in most of the Balkan homes. Many young families are forced to live in rented properties (where the rental fee is often higher than an average monthly salary) or packed like sardines in their parentsโ€™ ๏ฌ‚ats โ€“ usually located in hopelessly ugly, non-renovated concrete buildings โ€“ an omnipresent heritage from the communist era. In many of those homes, time seems to stand still.

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แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ

Fritz Fabert Archaeology of Work

แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒš แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒจแƒ˜. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ” Pentacon Six 6 x 6 แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ-แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”, แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก.

At the knocked o๏ฌ€ and forgotten sites of our industrial and military society, remaining things are mixing up with recent waste and the by-products of spreading nature. My work is a photographic survey of the relicts of industrial culture in its process of disappearing. The photographs were taken with a Pentacon Six 6 x 6 mediumformat camera on location without arti๏ฌcial light at different sites in eastern Germany.

แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช-แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜. 2007 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜

แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ. แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ แƒฐแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ. 2007 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ

Basement โ€ข Lungenheilanstalt Beelitz-Heilstรคtten โ€ข July 2007

Foundry โ€ข Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk Kirchmรถser โ€ข August 2007

แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ. 2007 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ›แƒฅแƒ แƒ. แƒฐแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ. 2007 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

Depot for Control Technology โ€ข Fahrzeugwerk Treuenbrietzen โ€ข September 2007

Mechanic Workshop โ€ข Stรคrkefabrik Brandenburg/ Havel โ€ข September 2007

แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒแƒŸแƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช-แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜. 2008 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ

แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒคแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ. แƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ. 2008 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜

Garage โ€ข Lungenheilanstalt Beelitz-Heilstรคtten โ€ข August 2008

Production Hall โ€ข Futterverwertungswerk Grรคningen โ€ข July 2008

แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ. 2007 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ. 2007 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ Electrical Items Depot โ€ข Fahrzeugwerk Treuenbrietzen โ€ข August 2007

แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒก

แƒกแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ

O๏ฌƒcersโ€™ Flat โ€ข Panzerwerk Bรผcknitz โ€ข September 2007

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แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”. แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”. Kseniya Lyadova From the Series: Cosmos Each person is the huge Universe with their own stars, planets and the laws of the Universe. S/he can do everything: they can create their own space, or they can destroy. Thatโ€™s why sometimes they feel deeply lonely inside and see nothing around them because no one else exists in their universe but themselves. And maybe the purpose of their life, the sense of searching someone is learning to coexist other universes, when their borders open and let many new stars shine inside them. I worked with a video projector and a digital camera. After searching for di๏ฌ€erent images of space, I used the video projector to project the chosen images on a model.

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แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€ แƒฉแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—. แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ. แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ .

Kseniya Lyadova From the Series: She It is possible to look โ€˜insideโ€™ of people, when you are looking into their eyes. Probably, only womanโ€™s sight can reveal her inner world. Force and calm thoughts about ๏ฌ‚eeting moments and the eternal. I looked for this sight in the women. Thereโ€™s one person I know well, but weโ€™ve only met once and never again.

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แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฉแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—. แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ—. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒชแƒแƒ. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ A แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ B แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒ” แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜.

Monica Delic From the Series: New Paths We spend most of our days at work. It is obvious that we donโ€™t move around enough. The sport of Parkour is not only a free time activity but an art of movement. The aim of a Parkour runner is to get from point A to point B e๏ฌƒciently while overcoming obstacales, given paths are left behind and new, unknown paths are discovered. Like the sport of Parkour my work is also meant to cause a creative confrontation with the environment and allow the viewer a reinterpretation. I take advantage of the skills of the Parkour runner and let him break new grounds in work routine. In a humorous way, the actor shows us how we could perform our profession di๏ฌ€erently. Perhaps my work encourages the observer to become aware of his posture and physical activity in his daily life.

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แƒ˜แƒแƒฐแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ™แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ

Johannes Heinke Lost Knowledge

2004 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ. แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 16000 แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒซแƒแƒ แƒก, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ - แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒก แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒแƒ  แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒซแƒแƒ แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒงแƒแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก.

In 2004, the Duchess Anna Amalia Library in Weimar, Germany burned down. A cable ๏ฌre caused the accident. About 16.000 Books which fell victim to the ๏ฌre, have been archieved under certain climatic conditions, waiting for the restoration. The experts still hope for hidden treasures that havenโ€™t been destroyed. The photographs show an excerpt of the stacked boxes, packed with the burned books. Next to the pallet full of grey cardboards, there is one single box from the pack, revealing its content.

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แƒฅแƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ

Keta Gvinepadze From the Series: Emakimono

แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ - แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒœแƒฃ แƒ”.แƒฌ. แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ-แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก (1937-1945), แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฐแƒงแƒ•แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก (แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒช แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ). แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ›แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ’แƒฃแƒแƒœ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’.

Emakimo is an illustrated narrative created during the 11th to 16th centuries in Japan. Emaki-mono, depicting everyday lives of people, combines both text and pictures and is drawn, painted, or stamped on a hand scroll. The concept of the photo project was born after reading the Japan-China War (1937-1945) chronicles, where both countries su๏ฌ€ered huge losses. The photos depict a story of two Japanese sisters, who symbolize all the children who have been through the war and are left orphaned and homeless (in reality the girlsโ€™ relatives had a connection to the war). In this project, I tried to show the faces of the kids, who lost their parents but now they try to get on with their everyday lives and adapt to the new reality. This project is a manifesto against the war.

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แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: Unisono

Sabine von Bassewitz From the Series: Unisono

แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก: แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒคแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ›แƒก แƒฐแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ—: Unisono แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒชแƒ›แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒแƒšแƒก แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ? แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒแƒ“: แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒช. แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒคแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก.

The uniform has a bad reputation: considered synonymous with conformity, the opposite of individuality, it is a concept that calls to mind the monotone rhythm of a military march. My work gives the uniform the opportunity to exist in a di๏ฌ€erent light: Unisono presents people who voluntarily choose to wear uniforms and play a role within a structured group โ€“ and treat their uniforms with care and esteem. Why do people join groups that require a uniform? The voluntarily worn uniform communicates the longing of the individual for a community de๏ฌned by set rituals โ€“ and allows a person to examine and experience their groupยดs purpose from an intimate and unique perspective. These purposes, like the groups themselves, vary. Apart from the general desire to achieve a sense of belonging, I was able to recognize speci๏ฌc motivations for joining a uniformed group, namely: religious, political, social, traditional, sexual, musical and sometimes various combinations thereof. The uniform o๏ฌ€ers its wearer the possibility to visualise and ritualise a particular dimension of their personality. Its ๏ฌgurative e๏ฌ€ect is important to the wearer.

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แƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ Leitura(s) แƒฃแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ“แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒก; แƒ•แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ—, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช โ€œแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒกโ€ แƒ•แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ™แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒš โ€žแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒกโ€ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก/แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ, แƒ”แƒก-แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ โ€žแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜โ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ  แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก โ€žแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ.

Tito Mouraz Leitura(s) There has been an almost innate obsession for space and its domain through the most varied forms and ways. This domain goes beyond intended expectations, such as, control that we could or should have about something to which we call โ€œplaceโ€, where things happen, grow and bloom, since space is, in its entire de๏ฌnition, more genuine, original and in๏ฌnite. When we think about space, our reminiscence bring us immediately to a certain โ€œplaceโ€ where this can or not evoke good memories, passed situations or even situations/circumstances that might be about to happen. It is in these spaces that the most diverse โ€œobjectsโ€ emerge or stanch, creating some kind of symbiosis between these two phenomenona. These objects bring spaces to life by means of a superior and divine power.

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แƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜

Tito Mouraz Open Space O๏ฌƒce

แƒแƒฅ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, 2 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ” แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ’แƒ. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒค แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒกแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ›แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒก แƒกแƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ”, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก, แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒช, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒก.

The series presented here was shot in Portugal over a 2-year period and represents a transformed landscape that portrays the existence of Man as a constructive, reconstructive and contemplative being. The landscape appears completely and irreversibly transformed and it was this transformation that caught my eye and fueled my interest in conducting this project, basing it on this very landscape. Thus, the work presented aims to portray a reality that su๏ฌ€ers an ongoing daily process of rapid transformation. Therefore, the pictures show a temporary reality inserted in a natural landscape undergoing progressive transmutation. They are unique and imposing spaces with a undeniable visual impact, which bestow on the images a strong formal and plastic content. I would like to emphasize that these were the aspects I concentrated on and attempted to visually portray the best that this intervention could present to the eye, both in relation to the formal con๏ฌguration and in relation to the chromatic and lighting harmony that characterize these spaces that create a unique environment. In this way, we can behold a dialogue between Nature and Manโ€™s action, between harmony in a texturized cutting and what develops in it, what involves and transforms it.

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แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜. 2011 แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒข โ€žแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒคแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒŸแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ, แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ 4X5-แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—, 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. Stephanie Wiegner A Wintertime Incident Stockholm, Sweden. 2011 These photographs are part of the project โ€œA Wintertime Incidentโ€, the exam project with which I graduated from Konstfackโ€™s master program Storytelling. It explores the narration of an elaborate, multi-faceted imaginary story through the means of staged photography. Each photograph is a facet of the whole narrative, contributing to the plot, while at the same time focusing on an occurrence of its own. They are like ๏ฌlm stills, moments frozen in time, and while all depicted elements collaborate to articulate the idea of the images, the story remains fragmental. Completion lies in the viewerโ€™s hands. Events unfold in the Swedish winter landspace, moving gradually into spring as the narrative progresses. There is a small village, populated by obscure stories, shadowy ๏ฌgures, sinister intentions and empty corners. There is family and there are friends, moving forward and staying behind. The photographs were shot on 4x5 inch negative ๏ฌlm with a large format camera from February 2011 to May 2011 in Stockholm and the Swedish countryside. 167


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DOCUMENTARY


แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 6 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ˜ (แƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜) แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒฎแƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒฎแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฏแƒ”แƒ , แƒกแƒแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. 25 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Sandra Hoyn From the Series: Fighting for a Pittance Boxing Matches for Children Aged 6 and Above, Thailand Muay Thai (Thai boxing), the national sport of Thailand, is one of the toughest martial arts in the world. For many people, it secures their livelihood, as it is normal that children ๏ฌght for tourists and locals for betting purposes. A minimum age for the ๏ฌghters does not exist. For a pittance, they reach their mental and physical limits two or three times a month with boxing matches. Only a few become professional boxing idols and earn a lot of money. At the age of 25, their career is usually over. 171


แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒžแƒแƒฉแƒ” Lโ€™irrequietezza della Sospensione

Alessandro Pace Lโ€™irrequietezza della Sospensione

แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒก แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’. แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒ”แƒชแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฎแƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”. แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒš-แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.

The work describes the present situation in the city of Lโ€™Aquila, Italy, three years after the earthquake. The vanished inhabitants, having suddenly abandoned their homes, left a void that is vividly imprinted in the things that remain and renders them autonomous, animated by the indelible breath of the memory, the emotions of the ๏ฌnal instant. Nature takes its course, regaining its own spaces. The place slowly transforms, and changes into something else.

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แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, 2010-2012. แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒšแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ• แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ—แƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒžแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€, แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒšแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ, แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒ’แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ. แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ.

Linda Dreisen From the Series: Medical Simulations Germany, 2010-2012. In the world of medical simulations, almost every accident is possible. It is a world made out of plastic and cables. Scenes that help make real life a little safer. The use of dolls, so called โ€žHuman Patient Simulatorsโ€œ play an important role. With arms and legs, pulse and heartbeat, pupils that respond to light and many other real life features they help doctors and students to practice di๏ฌƒcult situations. Thanks to modern monitoring techniques they can record and analyze the scenario. A strange and fascinating world.

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แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒ” โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ 177

Dina Oganova I am Georgia


แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”

Mischa Christen From the Series: Playground Nights

แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜, แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ—แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 200 แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒก, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ  แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒโ€ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ•แƒฆแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. โ€žแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—โ€. แƒ›แƒแƒ—, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒ˜-แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒก. แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ โ€žแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกโ€ แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜/แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜, 2009-1010

The centre of Paris, close to the Gare de lโ€™Est, the trendy 10th Arrondissement. Every night, around 200 Afghan asylum-seekers, mostly very young men and unaccompanied minors, sleep on the ground around Canal St. Martin, a picturesque tourist spot, in the strong nightly illuminations. By o๏ฌ€ering them harsh conditions, the state wants to encourage the Afghans to leave France, to continue their โ€œjourneyโ€. Aid organisations in Paris have noticed that increasing numbers of unaccompanied minor boys are arriving from Afghanistan. โ€œThe country is so dangerous, itโ€™s no wonder so many leave, travelling alone across the Middle East in search of a new life in Europe.โ€ Those who turn up in Paris, have spent one or two years on the road. โ€œProblemโ€ was the english word mentioned by most of the refugees when I spoke with them. Paris / France, 2009-2010

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แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

David Klammer From the Series: Kolkata Booksellers

แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ˜แƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒฅ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฅแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒคแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฏแƒ“แƒ”แƒก.

In the small alleys around Kolkata University in India hundreds of small book stalls are clustered to ๏ฌll up every little place. They cater for all of the student interest, from comic books to physics. In the congested spaces, there is hardly a chair to sit for the seller.

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แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ” แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜

แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

Gianni Giosue From the Series: The Chechen Refugees in the Pankisi Valley

แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 200 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฅแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒฐแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒก-แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒฆแƒฌแƒ˜แƒแƒ— 1990-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒขแƒงแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒแƒช. แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ. ..แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 10 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ”แƒฉแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒžแƒแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ—. แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฎแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ.

About 200 years ago, some people of Chechen descent came to Georgia and started to leave in the Pankisi valley. They are called the Kists in the local language. Although they speak a language similar to Chechen, over the years, they have modi๏ฌed their customs and traditions. In the same valley live the Chechen refugees who came to the Republic of Georgia from Russia to escape the wars that ravaged their Republic at the end of the 90โ€™s. They have been living there in a precarious situation for the past decade. All the Kists have a Georgian passport and are able to communicate both in Georgian and Chechen. On the other hand, only a few of the Chechen refugees are able to speak Georgian. ...It takes about 10 years to become a citizen of Georgia. Due to the fact that many of them have either lost their Russian passports or they are expired, they cannot leave Georgia. Furthermore, because of the fact that they do not possess a Georgian passport and neither do they speak Georgian ๏ฌ‚uently, itโ€™s very di๏ฌƒcult for them to ๏ฌnd a job. In the Pankisi Valley there are no factories. The only source of income for them is the monthly allowance which they receive from the Government and every now and then some money from their relatives abroad.

แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ 2010 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, 2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ 2012 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ• แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜.

I have started to work on this project in the summer of 2010 and I worked there again from December 19, 2011 until February 22, 2012.

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แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฐแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ โ€œแƒฐแƒ”แƒœแƒ’แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒโ€ (Hengdian World Studios) แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒข แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ โ€œแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜แƒ. Giulio Di Sturco China Hollywood Hengdian World Studios,The ๏ฌlm studio is the worldโ€™s largest and features a 1:1 scale reproduction of the Forbidden City in Beijing.

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แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ–แƒ แƒ›แƒงแƒ˜แƒคแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ (2005-2010) แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 450 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—; แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒ›แƒ”แƒข-แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒžแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก. แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒขแƒ›แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ˜ 1868 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ, แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒžแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ. โ€žแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜โ€, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒแƒ“ 2008 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ, แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒŸแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒคแƒกแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒฃแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒแƒจ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒฉแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒ, แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒค แƒœแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜.. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ—, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜; แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜.. 193


Hernad Geza Fragile Minds (2005-2010) Farewell to Leopold๏ฌeld By estimation, around 450 million people suffer from some kind of mental illness worldwide. While modern psychiatric research ceaselessly seeks for new ways to โ€œcureโ€ patients, only a very few of the seriously ill have succeeded to re-integrate themselves into society. At best, new methods are discovered to render patients asymptomatic; this, to various degree, appears to be applied with success in treating patients. Leopold๏ฌeld gave home to Hungaryโ€™s ๏ฌrst national Psychiatric and Neurological Institute opening its gates in 1868 as the Hungarian royal national Asylum in Buda. The โ€œyellow house,โ€ permanently closed in 2008, entered Hungarian vernacular as the synonym of mental problems. The Institute which was partly established from donations and is currently for sale, has not only been bearing witness to the evolution of psychiatry but it has also became a cultural landmark in Hungarian history through artists such as Gulรกcsy Lajos, Rejtล‘ Jenล‘, Nemes Lampรฉrth Jรณzsef... The mysterious workings of the human mind will probably always remain fathomless for medical science. I would not like to present those portrayed on my photos as disadvantageous but rather as people of sterling character who demonstrate genuinity and creativity โ€“ often at a much higher caliber than a healthy and normal personality would...

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แƒ™แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ  แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒ” แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฅ. แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Kakhaber Emiridze From the Series: Veterans A portrayal of three persons is the way to examine lives of the veterans of WWII in Batumi. 196



แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒข แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒ , แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ: โ€žBideshiโ€ฆ chobi, chobiโ€ฆ! - แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ! แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ!โ€ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ” แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒข แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ 2005 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒ”แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒช แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜.. แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ..

Kurt Hoerbst Bideshi Photostudio When wandering through rural Bangladesh with a camera in your hand the sentence โ€žBideshiโ€ฆ chobi, chobiโ€ฆ! โ€“ Stranger! Take a photo of me!โ€ will soon be heard all around. An unbelievably delighted eagerness to be photographed is de๏ฌnitely there. When Kurt Hoerbst met and fell for the village Rudrapur and its dwellers in 2005 the idea for the project BIDESHI Photostudio was founded. People in Rudrapur live simple, agriculture and craftsmanship dominate everyday life. Family itself as the highest rated value in society, is nevertheless rarely preserved in a photograph as it would be in more western parts of the worldโ€ฆ Technology and the arts simply are too far away or not affordableโ€ฆ

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แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜

Misha Domozhilov I am Russian Modern Russian Nationalism

แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ โ€œแƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกโ€. แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ โ€œแƒ แƒแƒกแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”โ€, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก โ€“ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ โ€œแƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒกแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ”โ€, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. โ€žแƒ›แƒ” แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜โ€ โ€“ แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”. แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒžแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ (แƒขแƒแƒฏแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒฃแƒ–แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒงแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•.) แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ” แƒžแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก. แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒข แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ -แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ  แƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ โ€žแƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกโ€ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜. แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒแƒก: แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒš-แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ.แƒจ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒก: แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฅแƒ˜แƒœแƒฐแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก.

In the Russian language, there are two di๏ฌ€erent words which are translated into the English language as โ€œRussiansโ€. The ๏ฌrst is โ€œrossiyane,โ€ which designates Russians as citizens of the multinational country Russia. The second is โ€œrusskiye,โ€ which is used to talk about one of Slavic nationalities. โ€œI am Russianโ€ is an inscription on T-shirts popular among young nationalists. Nationalist views are widespread in modern Russia. One of the main reasons of this social phenomena is the migration from such former Soviet republics as Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, etc to big Russian cities. Representatives of these nationalities are rejected by some Russian citizens. The tandem of president Medvedev and prime minister Putin and the party of United Russia have in๏ฌ‚uenced the rise of nationalist moods in the country. Nationalists are some of the most active participants of big opposition street actions. There are several social groups and associations, which can be regarded as nationalists: monarchists, national socialists, a part of football fans, Cossacks, pagans, etc. The majority of them donโ€™t correspond to the stereotype: the nationalist is a Nazi-skinhead, although ideologies of Nazism and fascism are still popular among some nationalists.

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แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒฐแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜-แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒญแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒฃแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ, แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒ› แƒจแƒแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒซแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก. แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒฆแƒ. แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜. แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒฌแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ›แƒ”แƒ–แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘. แƒ–แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒšแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒก. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ-แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. โ€žแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒกโ€œ โ€“ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒฆแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฉแƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. โ€žแƒ›แƒ” แƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ› แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ—, แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ  แƒžแƒแƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก. แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒโ€œ. แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒก? แƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒจแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒจแƒ˜. แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ” แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ. แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒœ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒš, แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ—, แƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ• แƒ‘แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก

แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒŸแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก. แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒขแƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ”แƒ• แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ. แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”! แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ— แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒคแƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ–แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”. แƒ‘แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒซแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ  แƒœแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒฐแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ‘แƒฃแƒกแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒกแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒคแƒšแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒก. แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒจแƒ˜ 1954 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฏแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ 10 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒฃแƒ›แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒšแƒแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒšแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช 1995 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ”. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒฅ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒฃแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘, แƒ˜แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ”แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒก.

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Neil Chowdhury An Afternoon in Old Delhi Looking for a way to escape the heat and jostle of Chandi Chowk, I walk down the ๏ฌrst side street I come to, and zigzag through a series of successively narrower, darker, and quieter byways into an old Moslem residential quarter. I am startled by a group of boys running by, or a motorcycle weaving down the narrow path, muf๏ฌ‚er perilously close to ankle. Someone calls out to me. Kids want their pictures taken. Young guys want to practice their English. I talk to everyone. Make lots of friends. I walk with my eyes up and smile a lot. Word of my presence in the neighborhood precedes my arrival and all the kids come out of the houses to check me out. I stop at a chai stand to rest and meet the neighbors. Girls peer shyly down from the upper apartment windows, as their brothers dash about in their blue ๏ฌ‚ip-๏ฌ‚ops, debating whether or not to approach the Foreigner. Feeling like a celebrity, I ๏ฌnish my coke with kids gazing at me from all directions. An older boy shyly approaches me, with a handful of younger friends crowding around, egging him on. โ€žHe wants to ask you something,โ€œ one of the boys blurts out, pointing to the older one. He frowns at him, and suddenly sticks his hand out at me. โ€œIโ€™m Nitin Puran and we wanted to ask you if you would like to meet my uncle, Mr. Chander Pal Sing. Heโ€™s a famous artist.โ€ How could I refuse? I follow the kids, into an ancient labyrinth of rough-hewn apartments. There are no right angles or straight lines anywhere. The buildings seem to have grown from the earth, so long have they occupied this space. We enter one and make our way up a dark, steep and irregular staircase. When we reach the top ๏ฌ‚oor, Nitin leads me into an unlocked concrete

room with a little barred window looking out onto the crazy quilt of old Delhi rooftops. The room is crowded with too much stu๏ฌ€. Itโ€™s hard to see into the shadows but when my eyes adjust a bit I discern a charpoy with what looks like a pile of blankets on it. Uncle, Uncle, wake up! The younger boys have fallen away one by one, leaving me in the room with Nitin, who commences to shake Uncle in an attempt to rouse him from his afternoon nap. I notice an empty bottle of rum on the stand by his side. Mr. Sing grudgingly emerges from his pile of blankets and creaks to his feet. Clad in a dirty gray dhoti and an old pilled brown sweater, he shu๏ฌ„es to the sink and rinses the rheum from his watery eyes. He turns to me and smiles, ready for his close up. My father emigrated from India to the UK in 1954, cutting ties with his family, attending college and marrying my English mother 10 years later in a traditional Church of England ceremony. When I was born, the new family moved to Toronto, and then Seattle. I got a green card with my chubby baby picture on it. My father rarely spoke about the country heโ€™d left behind, and seemed to avoid all things Indian in his life. When he died in 1995, I realized that I knew almost nothing of the place where he originated. With half of my heritage a mystery, I began exploring India with my camera. Each time I look into the eyes of someone I meet there, I wonder a little bit if this is the face of a cousin or great aunt looking back at me.

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แƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ  แƒ–แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒก, แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ” แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ› แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒคแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ. แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•. แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ (แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ) แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—. แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ— แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฏแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒŸแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ. แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก. โ€œแƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜โ€ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ•แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ›, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. 208


Piotr Zbierski White Elephants รข€“ Pass by Me It is very simple, actually. Me and my bag of pictures are nothing more than the love I have felt, things I have been looking for, people I have met, the feeling of guilt. All those decisions that turn an individual into two separate beings, where imagination will always remain false, whereas reality is always untouchable. Actually, it is the mind, the world on three elephants. We all resort to it because we want to have memories. Create the playground from anything you have at the moment. Step, step, stop. And again. Pictures are alive (in the same way as we are) mainly because we have to die. Save your songs, there is not much time to analyze. The most important is to concentrate on the single faces, gestures, pantomime of feelings and relations. The main point is the impression of experiences, that is necessary for me to take the pictures. Through the metaphors of portraits of the others, I photograph my private, intimate time and space. Photography is not about being original, but about being authentic. In White Elephants Iรข€™m making the questions about the changes that are visible in our reality being transform by emotions, personal issues. It is making the doubt about becoming. Dissonance between memories and present as well as diฤลน€erences between real person, place and our imagination of it.

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แƒžแƒ˜แƒแƒขแƒ  แƒ–แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ, แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒจแƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ: โ€œแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒช แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ”แƒžแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ–แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ. แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ, แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€ (แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒฅแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜, โ€œแƒซแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜โ€).

Piotr Zbierski Untitled When Venasque told me about diaries of Cocteau, I came across the fragment, which deeply a๏ฌ€ected me: โ€œAnd then I realized that the world of my dreams is equally full of memories as my real life, so it is the real being and also richer, deeper, full of episodes, and more precise in many details. It was di๏ฌƒcult to properly locate memories in one or the other world. They were extraordinary, complicated, and have become my second life, twice bigger, and twice longer than my own โ€œ (Jonathan Carroll. โ€žMuseum of dogsโ€).

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แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒฃแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ

Robert Welsh From the Series: Grandma

แƒฉแƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ. แƒ˜แƒก 1903 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ, 18 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒ” แƒชแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›, แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒ› 1949 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. 1970 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, 67 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜, แƒฉแƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช 1991 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ”. แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฐแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ โ€žแƒแƒ•แƒขแƒ-แƒขแƒแƒžแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒกโ€ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก: แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒกแƒฃแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜, - แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒก, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฃแƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒ, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ.

Chan Soo Look is my wifeโ€™s grandmother. Born in China in 1903, her parents sold her into concubinage at 18. As a concubine, she enjoyed a privileged life as the fourth wife of a businessman. That life lasted until the Communists took power in 1949. In 1970, at 67, Chan Soo came to the United States. She became family when I married her granddaughter in 1991. During family visits I would notice her surroundings and her personal objects that make up the household. This experience is akin to the idea of what some scholars call โ€œauto-topographyโ€: how the material objects with which people surround themselves articulate something of their lives and personalities. Grandmaโ€™s belongings โ€“ mementos, clothing worn soft, a battered mop, โ€“ suggest the value of the old, the used, and the imperfect. Entering her world betrays a dramatic contrast to the values of contemporary society, which insists on the young, the new, and the perfect. I do not presume to translate her experiences, but I can take the viewer into her home and allow her possessions to reveal fragmented parts of her story. She is not only a grandmother, but a ๏ฌgure of continuity, the living origin of a family story.

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แƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒก

Tatiana Ilina The story about lilliput artists who travel around Russia with their program

แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ โ€“ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒญแƒแƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ”. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ› แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ. แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ.

The lilliputs live in their own world โ€“ circus and actorsโ€™ life is everything for them. They move from town to town and live in old Soviet hotels that become their home. The majority live such life since they were born and canโ€™t imagine any other. The circus and its extraordinary atmosphere lives deeply inside their hearts and they became the soul of the circus.

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แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฐแƒแƒ™แƒ” แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: Doi Moi

Torben Hรถke From the Series: Doi Moi

Doi Moi (แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก) โ€“ แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ 1986 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ’แƒ”แƒ’แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, 1980-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒขแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒšแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒญแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก. แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ  แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ—: แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ”แƒขแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜.

Doi Moi (vietnamese for instauration) is what the initiated economic reforms since 1986 are called. Based on famine, generated by planned economy after the Vietnam war, the communist party decided a change of course in the middle of the eighties. Ever since the government realizes a large set of reforms. These reforms contains a higher level for public enterprises to make decisions, a market-oriented monetary policy for in๏ฌ‚ation-control, the increase of the private sector and the commerce with foreign countries. Direct consequences of the reforms are an e๏ฌ€ective reduction of the unemployment ๏ฌguresand an added economic independence of the population. The wish to get rich doesnโ€™t count as displeasing anymore. On the contrary: A wide middleclass arised who ๏ฌ‚aunts their belongings candidly. Because of its low price level Vietnam becomes an attractive place of location for foreign investors. This makes an appearance in the omnipresent building boom.

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แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

Vlad Sokhin Zion Church Exorcists

แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ. แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ (แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜) แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒแƒœ. แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ โ€“ แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒ—. แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒกโ€, แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ—, แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜, 5 แƒ™แƒ›. แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”โ€, แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  โ€“ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฎแƒฃแƒ—แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฆแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช โ€žแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—โ€ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ แƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒฆแƒ•แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ โ€žแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜โ€ แƒจแƒ”แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— - โ€žแƒขแƒ˜แƒฉแƒแƒ™แƒแƒฉแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—โ€ แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒญแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช, แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ—.

Nowadays in Mozambique there are dozens of churches of Zion. According to the Churchโ€™s belief, the evil spirits (demons) can possess anyone and should be excelled from the people. The Zion exorcism practices are usually conducted by โ€œprophetsโ€ โ€“ special members of the religious community, who are granted the authority over demons. The ceremonies take place in the churches during the โ€œnight of healingโ€ or the Sunday liturgies, or in the open water. In the Mozambican capital, Maputo, on the 5 km long โ€œBeach of Mazionesโ€, those puri๏ฌcation ceremonies are held two times a week โ€“ every Thursday and Sunday. The exorcism rites are always accompanied by ritual singing and shouting conjures, and the people, who are possessed by โ€œevil spiritsโ€, most of the times, become unpredictably aggressive and dangerous. To protect other members from such violence, priests and โ€œprophetsโ€ tie the feet and arms of the possessed people with โ€œtichakachakasโ€ โ€“ special ropes, which, according to the Zion belief, have Godโ€™s power to hold demons.

220


53 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒฃแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒแƒ™แƒ, แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฅแƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฆแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜. (แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜). Mateus Machaka (53), a priest of the Zion Apostolic Church in Moatize. (Tete province, Central Mozambique).


โ€žแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒกแƒโ€ (แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ) แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜). โ€œXiwatsoโ€ (egg bath) puri๏ฌcation ceremony on the Beach of the Maziones in Maputo, Mozambique.

แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜). A female member of Zion Church during the exorcism ceremony on the Beach of the Maziones in Maputo, Mozambique. 222


แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, โ€žแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜). People dance during Sunday mass in the โ€œZion Church of Jerusalemโ€ in the town of Moatize (Tete Province, Mozambique).

แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒข แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒกโ€, แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” (แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒแƒซแƒ˜, แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜). Members of Zion Church taking โ€œevil spiritโ€ from a woman on the shore of the Revuboe River in the province of Tete (Chingodzi, Central Mozambique). 223


แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒฃแƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ (33 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก), แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒขแƒฉแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜โ€. (แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜-แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ”, แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ). Sitifane Waisani (33), a โ€œprophetโ€ of Zion Church of Tchessa village. (MozambicanMalawian border, Tete Province).

แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒŸแƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒก. แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒขแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ. (แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜). A deacon of the Zion Church of Manje village puts the Bible on the head of a girl during exorcism ceremony. Followers of the Zion Church believe that anyone, including children, can have a bad spirit (Tete Province, Central Mozambique).

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แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฆแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒก แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”. (แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒขแƒฃ, แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜). A Zion Church priest conjures water before the beginning of exorcism ceremony (The Beach of Maziones, Maputo, Mozambique).


แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒš แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 50% แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ  แƒ”แƒžแƒงแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— โ€žแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒกโ€ (โ€œแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜โ€ แƒฐแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒš แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก โ€žแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒกโ€), แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ—, แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒข แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ” แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒจแƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒข แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ— แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒแƒก แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒš แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒฉแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒแƒ“. แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒžแƒแƒ แƒข แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. โ€žแƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”, แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ โ€“ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ โ€žแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒโ€ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒก โ€“ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒฃแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก. แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€, แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก 32 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ–แƒ”แƒช 30-แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒชแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒฉแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. 226



Vlad Sokhin Crying Meri: Violence-against-women in Papua New Guinea According to the statistics, in Papua New Guinea, two thirds of women are constantly exposed to domestic violence and about 50% of women become victims of sexual assaults. Local men donโ€™t respect their meris (โ€œmeriโ€ in Pidgin means โ€œwomanโ€), constantly beating them, often using bush knives and axes. While in traditional villages such attitudes toward women can be attributed to tribal culture, today in Port Moresby violence against women shocks modern society. Every day most of the dozens of crimes are reported to be against women from Port Moresby slum areas. In most Papua tribes, when a boy wants to become a man, he should go to enemyโ€™s village and kill a pig. After that, his community will accept him as an adult. In industrial Port Moresby, women have replaced pigs. โ€œFirst young gang member should steal something, money or a car โ€“ and he will be admitted to the gang. After that, he must prove that his intentions are serious and pass through some kind of โ€œinitiationโ€ โ€“ rape a woman. And it is better if a boy kills her afterwards, there will be less problems with the policeโ€, says 32 years old Moses, who had raped more than 30 women himself. It is very rare that violence-against-women cases are brought to court. Most assailants are kept in a prison cell at the police station for a couple of days and then released. The police claim the lack of conviction stems from the fact that victims often fear ๏ฌling a statement.

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แƒŸแƒแƒšแƒข แƒแƒšแƒแƒค แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

Zsolt Olaf Szamody From the Series: The Back Alleys of Globalization

แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒแƒœแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก 21-แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒœแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ“แƒแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒก.

Representation has always been a key element in the organization of empires, with thousands of bureaucrats and artisans busying on the creation of a favorable image. This seemed particularly true for the European observer, before whom faraway, isolated societies could keep their mysteriousness for a long time. With globalization, the world opening up, this vision has become more nuanced, more comprehensive. For the super๏ฌcial observer, 21st-century China will bring into mind dynamic growth, and the extensive use of copied technological achievements. Yet what Szamรณdyโ€™s lenses are in search of is not this triumphant China, but the humans behind the crazed race. He records the ruins on which the new empire is built. The ramshackle, bleak residential areas, as well as the wrecks of ideology, the written and visual traces of brainwashing propaganda. It has its attraction to sneak a peek of people joyful, sad or lonely as they go about their business, see their e๏ฌ€orts and hopes.

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แƒšแƒฃแƒ™แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”

Luca Spano From the Series: Black Light

แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ โ€œแƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”โ€ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก (แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ) แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ–แƒ”. แƒแƒฅ, แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ: แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ‘แƒ (แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ) แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒจแƒฃแƒ แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜โ€. แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒขแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ 40 แƒ™แƒ•.แƒ™แƒ›-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 13 แƒ™แƒ•.แƒ™แƒ›-แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ. แƒขแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒŸแƒแƒœแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฅแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒก, แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ—.

The photographic project โ€œBlack Lightโ€ explores the relationship between natural and man-made landscape through a night view of the landscape in the area of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. There are two con๏ฌ‚icting realities in this area: the pond of Cagliari (protected by the European Union and by the international convention of Rasman for its biodiversity) and one of the major industrial poles in the Mediterranean area, which also contains the second biggest European oil plants named โ€œSarasโ€. In the last sixty years, the area of the pond shrank from 40 kmยฒ to 13 kmยฒ and surrounding environment experienced a substantial industrial and urban growth that caused an environmental impact characterized by land drainages, industrial draining and light pollution. This last one led to cultural and environmental implication in addition to a drastic change in the perception of the landscape in the collective imagination. The images emphasize this aspect through a nocturne interpretation of the scenery.

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แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜

EXPERIMENTAL


แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

Dato Abramishvili

แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒช 1990-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ 3 แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ. แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒ แƒข แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒก. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ” แƒ“แƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ”, แƒ›แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ˜: โ€œแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ” 1990 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒœ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ.โ€

This is a generation, which has been through three wars in Georgia from 1990โ€™s until today. A group of young people emerged on the Georgian art scene playing by their rules. With their audacious literary and musical performances, they have already gained national attention. Thereโ€™s nothing they wouldnโ€™t do to be popular. Erekle Deisadze, a writer and musician: โ€œI was born in April of 1990; there was a war in my country. This war isnโ€™t over yet and I have no idea when it is going to end. As a child, I wanted to be an authoritative criminal but I understood that one could win a war without bloodshed.โ€

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แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒ‘แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒจแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœ แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ pro-แƒก แƒ“แƒ contra-แƒก, แƒฐแƒ-แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ-แƒก, แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ-แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ-แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ-แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ-แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก? แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒแƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก: แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ• แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ  แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜, แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ , แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ (แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜) แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜.

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Bell Bogi From the Series: Monological Dialogues The silent inner dialogue is a constant part of everyday concern with yourself. Who doesnโ€™t know pros and cons, yes and no, do and dontโ€™s or good and bad in front of the mirrror? As well self re๏ฌ‚ection and analyzing your impression on yourself and on others is visualised with self portraits by using a cable released twin lensed medium format camera with multi exposures. Coincidence acts the main part by this: not able to see myself and not knowing how I act to myself or even if Iโ€™m in the right position is only viewable after (personal) development.

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แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ  แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ

Alexander Nicolas Gehring Messages from the Darkroom

แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€žแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœโ€ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒ”-20 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ แƒก. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ, แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒฃแƒขแƒงแƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ—, แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ.

The series Messages from the Darkroom investigates the connection between photography and the occult. Based on photographs taken in the early twentieth century, the series enquires the ability of the photographic camera to capture magical or paranormal phenomena. Scientists in this era of technical revolutions, when modern media began to make their ๏ฌrst steps, were interested in occult phenomena and their visual appearance. By using a photographic camera, they tried to give a solid proof for the occult phenomena to be part of reality. They believed in the objectivity of the photographic image and its technique, which allowed them to exclude any doubt or suspicion of human fraud. What we see as the result of this photographic experiments are rather obscure than illuminative images, which are unique in the history of photography.

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แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ” แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ›แƒจแƒคแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฉแƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜

Christine Mathieu From the Series: The Quest for Silence in Turbulent Times

แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ”, แƒกแƒ˜แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฉแƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—. แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒซแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฉแƒฃแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒขแƒ‘แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒฌแƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ.

Escape the sensationalism and the intrusion of the media, the noise and the fury of non-stop documentaries, a veritable volcano of words and images from which only meaningless ideas emerge. We are entitled to a portion of silence. That which is the most precious of all gifts is reduced to a state of whispers and murmurings. The time has come for silence, poetry and the stillness of the soul. The nakedness and the stark truth of my portraits contain di๏ฌ€erent meanings for everyone. The viewers cast their own shadows onto the empty spaces of the subjectsโ€™ faces. Thus, actively participating in the creation of the identities portrayed. Throughout my work, I aim to expose the core integrity of the subject, free from the tyranny of how we are continually portrayed in todayโ€™s society.

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แƒœแƒ˜แƒš แƒฉแƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒฐแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ

Neil Chowdhury From The Series: Waking From Dreams of India

แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒแƒฆแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒฃแƒš-แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒจแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒช แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ, แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒ. แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ-, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒŸแƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ” แƒกแƒขแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ•แƒฃแƒงแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“, แƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒš แƒคแƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒฃแƒš แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ. แƒแƒ› แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” โ€“ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ• แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก.

This work tells the story of my lifelong dream of exploring India, the land of my fatherโ€™s birth. He died without telling me much about the culture in which he grew up or the story of his early life there. As a child of mixed British and Indian heritage, I witnessed and took part in post-colonial battles playing themselves out on a domestic scale. Growing up in the United States, isolated from Indian culture fostered the cultivation of imaginative fantasy about my fatherโ€™s country that ripened from a steady diet of exoticized Western media accounts. None of this prepared me for the discovery of the circumstances that drove my father away from his family as a teenager, or the masala mix of complexity, misery and beauty of contemporary India that I ๏ฌnally had the opportunity to see for myself. Having now made several trips, and collected a wealth of photographic images, videotape, and journal writings, I am shaping this material into a body of work that connects and contrasts my youthful fantasies of India with my adult experience building a relationship with the land of my ancestry. For me, the complex history of these images signi๏ฌes the emergence of my own identity, a slow process of assimilating in๏ฌ‚uences from East and West.

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แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

Pina Kohnen Wondrous Sliced Worlds

แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ™แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒฅแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒฏแƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒฎแƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฎแƒแƒ“แƒ”. แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒแƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒช แƒžแƒแƒ—แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—. แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ›แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ—แƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฉแƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒแƒœ.

I ๏ฌnd beauty and greatness of the human form in little, easy to overlook and sometimes invisible to the naked eye things. With my work, I have created new worlds. At ๏ฌrst glance, my pictures might look like extracts of the macrocosm but in fact, they are showing a small cosmic structure, the microcosm of the human. My work consists of microscopic outtakes, which show the tiny construction of organs, canvas and cells. By arranging and combining pieces of healthy and diseased matter of the human body, I have uncovered and made anatomic structures visible. Health and illness coincide with each other and with my pictures, I unveil the beauty in the human microcosm, which can also be found in abnormal mutations. Perhaps my work can encourage people to see abnormal change in an altogether di๏ฌ€erent light as well as observe and understand it as part of the cosmic order.

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ฤ‚–solutbulla

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Glandumikosa

Inomyo


ฤ‚„msmuko

Pylopapillo

Zinobugo

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แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜

REPORTAGE


แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜

Giulio Di Sturco Somali Famine

แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฐแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ”แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“. แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ™แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒแƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒงแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒžแƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒก (2011 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—) โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ 21-แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒžแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ—แƒ แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›, แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—.

Somalia is facing a humanitarian crisis as the United Nations has o๏ฌƒcially declared the countryโ€™s food crisis to be a famine. Tens of thousands have died of malnutrition with thousands more ๏ฌ‚eeing the country, seeking refuge at camps at the Ethiopian and Kenyan borders. Doolow in Southern Somalia is on the frontline of an Islamic insurgency and famine now facing the Bakool and Shabelle Districts of Somalia, the most lawless nation on earth, July 2011. Staggering across harsh desert with meager supplies women and children ๏ฌ‚ee here on foot, walking for up to twenty days, towards the Ethiopian border where camps are already over๏ฌ‚owing with the victims of the ๏ฌrst famine of the 21st Century. UNICEF has set up here a malnutrition clinic and a drop camp, where refugees can register and after take to a proper refugee camp.

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แƒฏแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒแƒžแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ-แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒก แƒแƒขแƒงแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช 11 แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒก 8.9 แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒซแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ แƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒก. แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒšแƒฆแƒแƒกแƒแƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒžแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฆแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜, แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒขแƒแƒšแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’ แƒแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒชแƒฃแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ›แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒฃแƒ แƒ.

Giulio Di Sturco Kamaishi Aftermath A devastating six-meter-high tsunami sweeps into the port city of Kamaishi in northeast Japan following an earthquake of up to 8.9-magnitude on March 11. Kamaishi famous breakwater was in the Guinness World Records as the deepest on the planet. It was a product of decades of research on wave dynamics and dissipation. But the tsunami made short work of it and destroyed half part of the city.

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แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ›แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒš, แƒแƒ แƒแƒฐแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒ  แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒชแƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒแƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒก แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฏแƒ”แƒšแƒก. แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒฏแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒจแƒ” แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒแƒžแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”. แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. Sandra Hoyn Philippine Minors in Jail In the Philippines there are many minors imprisoned in overcrowded cells under unhygienic conditions. As they are imprisoned together with adults, there is the danger of them being sexually abused or becoming victims to violence. The police often arrest suspects without a warrant or even witnesses. Some of them are innocent and imprisoned for little things. According to the Philippine law, all prisoners are to be presented to the custodial judge immediately after being arrested, but they are often imprisoned for a long time without even a court hearing. Many young people are ill and traumatized after imprisonment.

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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ

Mariam Amurelashvili Old Dhaka

1947 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒžแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, 1971 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜ - แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฆแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”. แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ˜แƒ•, แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜, แƒซแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒก-แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒก แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒœ. แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒแƒช แƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ แƒฅแƒฃแƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ”แƒก, แƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒฎแƒ. แƒšแƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก, แƒกแƒฃแƒขแƒ แƒแƒžแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ 115 แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒกแƒซแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒญแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ. แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒแƒœแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ—. แƒ›แƒ” แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ›แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฎแƒœแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ.

After the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka became the administrative capital of East Pakistan, and later, in 1971, the capital of an independent Bangladesh. This is my journey through old Dhaka. One of the poorest cities in the world. In spite of the terrible pollution of river Buriganga and the whole environment, I have witnessed a high sense of pride and national identity among old Dhaka habitants. Old Dhaka is also a historical part of Dhaka city, which is overcrowded with population. I wanted to capture the spirit of people living in this part of the city; working every day for the survival in the search of satisfaction of their basic needs. The town is mostly surrounded by rural settings and steep with customs and old world lifestyle. In the old part of the Dhaka city, buildings stand only a foot away from each other. Engul๏ฌng the narrow streets, these houses have weakened with age and without any renovation e๏ฌ€orts. Lalbag, Sutrapur and Kotwali areas put together, some 115 schools run in such risky condition. Earthquake poses a serious threat to this most densely populated area of the city. People have to work hard to be able to give their children education and the chance of having a better future. I have seen extreme hardship and people still smiling and keeping courage.

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แƒ™แƒแƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€“ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ (2011 แƒฌ.) แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ: แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜

Kai Lรถ๏ฌ€elbein Kids of Sodom โ€“ E-Waste in Ghana (2011) Ghana: Waste Export to Africa

แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ‘แƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ.แƒจ. แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ’แƒแƒคแƒฃแƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒš แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ. แƒ•แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ—. (แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ แƒชแƒ—แƒฃ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ). แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“, แƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ 50 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. 1989 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก, แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒคแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ— แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ› แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. โ€žแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒโ€œ - แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ“ แƒแƒกแƒ” แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒแƒ’แƒ‘แƒแƒ’แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ”แƒก แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒ แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“. แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒ•แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ, แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜, แƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒฃแƒœแƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒก แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒงแƒแƒ แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒจแƒšแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ”แƒœ; แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒœแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒก แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก.

We are used to collecting waste paper, bottles etc. and bringing old or broken electrical appliances to recycling depots. By doing this we feel that we are managing our resources sensibly. (Although it might not really be very sensible to keep buying new things all the time.) But it is often unclear, despite legal bans, where our appliances really go. According to a United Nations evaluation, up to 50 million tons of toxic electronic waste accumulates annually in the whole world. With the voluntary rati๏ฌcation of the Basel Convention in 1989, the countries are forbidden by law to further export toxic electronic waste to countries that are not members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). โ€˜Sodom and Gomorrahโ€™ is what the locals call the toxic waste dump, Agbogbloshie, in Ghanaโ€™s capital, Accra. It is where children and adolescents dismantle computers, mobile phones, TV sets and other devices and burn the electronics for any valuable metals. Noxious fumes ๏ฌll the air; lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel and other chemical substances are emitted and damage the health of all who inhale them: headaches, dizziness, skin rashes and damage to the nervous system are the result. Not to mention the highly toxic residue that contaminates the soil.

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แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ: แƒšแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒŸแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ แƒ”แƒ— แƒœแƒ”แƒžแƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒšแƒฃแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ (แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ). (แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒ แƒ–แƒ” Ektachrome E100G) Sergi Barisashvili From the Series: The Christian School of Lumbini The reportage was produced in Lumbini (the place where the Buddha was born), South Nepal. (All photographs were taken using Ektachrome E100G Slide Film) 269



แƒ›แƒ˜แƒจแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒ-แƒ”แƒกแƒกแƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒข แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘ โ€žแƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก. แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒฅแƒข แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒฎแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘ โ€žแƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— 5000 แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ, แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒกแƒ แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ. โ€žแƒ–แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช โ€žแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒฃแƒ“แƒกโ€œ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Misha Domozhilov Ultras This photo-essay is dedicated to the ultras of Saint Petersburg FC Zenit. Ultras are an organized group of faithful fans, notable for emotional and showy support of their team during both home and away games. Ultras are a speci๏ฌc private subculture that is not well known. In Saint Petersburg, about 5000 people can be included in FC Zenit ultras` movement. Some them are part of organized groups while others are loners. There is an organization, hierarchy, leaders and distinctive values in each fan movement. The terrace is fan stands at the stadium. Zenit ultras are usually located at several stands behind the goal, which are called a Fan Curve. 271



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แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’, แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ– แƒงแƒแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ โ€“ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜

Maurice Kohl Ching, Ching, Chinghis Khan โ€“ A New Generation in Mongolia

แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒชแƒฃแƒชแƒฅแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒซแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฉแƒแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ“แƒฃแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ— โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜. 12-แƒ“แƒแƒœ 18 แƒฌแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ›แƒงแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ โ€“ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒกแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  โ€“ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒš โ€“ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒ  แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒงแƒแƒคแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ (แƒ›แƒแƒ’.: แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ) แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ (แƒ›แƒแƒ’.: แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜/แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ•แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ). แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, 1992 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฅแƒขแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ , แƒ“แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒฌแƒ˜แƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ. แƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒญแƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ. แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ” แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒšแƒแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ˜. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”, แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒแƒš แƒแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ’แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”. แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜, แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ’แƒฃแƒคแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ•แƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒžแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ. แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ: โ€žแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ!โ€œ. แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ— โ€“ แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒ—. แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก, แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ˜แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒชแƒ”แƒ› แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ˜แƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒ.

Whoever expects that the majority of Mongols squat in front of their yurts in their quilted and embroidered apparel, while boiling some milk tea, will realize โ€“ like Maurice Kohl did โ€“ that at least young people, who strikingly constitute the majority of the population, do not signi๏ฌcantly di๏ฌ€er from young Europeans in their disposition and preferences โ€“ especially in the centers. The generation on which the hopes are pinned โ€“ the young people at the age of twelve to 18 years, who are on the verge of childhood and adulthood โ€“ are in the focus of Kohlโ€™s photographic work. Therefore, he photographed young Mongols, who were sometimes accompanied by friends or relatives, in their personal environments โ€“ whether rural or urban. Kohl chose for his takings moments of tranquility and relaxation. He took his photographs with an analogue camera exclusively by daylight. His portraits were complemented with surveys of living conditions (e.g. daily routine) and perspectives (e.g. career aspirations/motivation). The stage of growing up matches evidently the transformation of Mongolia from a communistic dictatorship into a capitalistic democracy since 1992. This process is contradictory โ€“ like in the adolescence. Breaking with tradition belongs to this aspect in the same way as the folkloric and spiritual recollection of the own culture traits. In his series of pictures, Maurice Kohl focused his attention on members of sport clubs, students of music, dance and circus school, and prospective young monks of a Buddhist monastery. The intention of the photographer consisted of breaking with romantic clichรฉs of a peaceful group dressed in traditional costumes in the middle of an idyllic landscape. Instead, Kohl opposed this stereotype with documentary pictures of a cross section of a population. A few ๏ฌrst viewers over here said about them: โ€œThey look just like us!โ€ By meeting the Mongols, who have been photographed by Maurice Kohl, we also meet ourselves โ€“ at least if we look at them unreservedly. And ๏ฌnally, we identify the portrayed people as promising contemporaries of a world with apparently vanished borders. 274


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แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ–แƒ”

Robert Rutรถd Undertakers on the Catwalk

โ€žแƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—; แƒแƒ‘แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ•แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—,โ€œ - แƒŸแƒแƒœ-แƒžแƒแƒš แƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ˜. แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš, แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ-แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ โ€žแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜โ€œ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒซแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ”แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒแƒ›แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒ แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. แƒฎแƒฃแƒ— แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒก - โ€žFair(y) Talesโ€œ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒžแƒแƒ”แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒŸแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ‘แƒ”แƒญแƒ“แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก โ€žแƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ–แƒ”โ€œ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜; แƒ˜แƒกแƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ: แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก, โ€žแƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก. แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ, แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”, แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜.

โ€žIt is absurd that we are born; it is absurd that we dieโ€œ โ€“ Jean-Paul Sartre. Once a year undertakers from all over Europe take part in the โ€žDevotaโ€œ, a trade fair for the funeral and mortuary business, displaying a wide range of grave and tomb supplies, co๏ฌƒns, as well as diverse religious items. This time, the photographer Robert Rutรถd was among the guests. For more than ๏ฌve years he has been haunting the trade fair scene in his project โ€žFair(y) Talesโ€œ, documenting the burlesque atmosphere of the halls and display areas, capturing evidence of the poetic scenery around him. This year, the โ€žDevotaโ€œ displayed a wide range of colorful co๏ฌƒns, designer urns, memorial diamonds created out of ashes, and discovered an unusual automobile trend: a hearse made by Italian sports car manufacturer Maserati, and a motorcycle with a co๏ฌƒn side car. Other highlights included the undertaker fashion show, and a live demonstration of a facial cast made from a corpse.

แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ›แƒ–แƒ”: โ€žแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ–แƒœแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. Undertakers on the catwalk: The fashion show of the โ€žBlack Businessโ€œ

แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒ—แƒ แƒฐแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜: แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ˜-แƒ™แƒแƒขแƒแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ—แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ. Fresh Air Fanatics: Motorcycle hearse complete with side car containing designer sculpted co๏ฌƒn

แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก: แƒญแƒ แƒ”แƒš แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ , แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ  แƒ“แƒ แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒฏ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜.

แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜, แƒขแƒ™แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ•แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ: แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜.

Childrenโ€˜s co๏ฌƒns and egg shaped co๏ฌƒns for a fetus: Colorfully painted or in the colors white, pink, blue

Come, Sweet Death: Urns in various shapes and colors

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แƒ—แƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ

Temo Bardzimashvili Meeting with the Spirits

แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒจแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒช. แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ 2000 แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ  แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒช แƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒแƒคแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒ˜แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”-4 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ› แƒ แƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ• แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ— แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒฉแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒœแƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒ›แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒแƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ  แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒฏแƒแƒฎแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒžแƒ˜แƒœแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ“. แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒซแƒšแƒแƒ, แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒชแƒแƒขแƒ แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ” แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฅ แƒกแƒแƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ—.

Each year in the Georgian highland village of Adishi, the dead are invited home for a weeklong family reunion. It is a time for celebration, but also for contemplation. Perched more than 2,000 meters high in Georgiaโ€™s Svaneti region, Adishi, like many other Georgian mountain villages, is remote and has a rapidly decreasing population. The hamletโ€™s eight churches stand largely neglected. One villager claims that a 4th century map of the area features Adishi, but snowplows seem at a loss to ๏ฌnd the village today. Avalanches, however, have little such trouble. Isolation from the modern world means Adishiโ€™s villagers are now abandoning their mountainside perch for a better life in the valleys below. Fewer and fewer families remain to host their ghostly kin. It may just be a matter of time before the spirits of Adishiโ€™s ancestors โ€“ along with their descendants โ€“ will have no homes left to call their own.

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แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒจ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜

Tomasz Kulbowski Ice

แƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจแƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒ–แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒชแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒšแƒฃแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜. แƒ–แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ• แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒชแƒ™แƒ˜, แƒแƒœแƒฃ แƒ–แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒŸแƒ˜แƒชแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒฃแƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ‘แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช 1974 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒ–แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒงแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฅ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒ–แƒ”แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒ–แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฅ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ–แƒ”, แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒš แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ—-แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ, แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒš แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒฏแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒขแƒ™แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒ›แƒฏแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒ–แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ” แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒœแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฅ แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒ–แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒšแƒฃแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒงแƒ˜แƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒก-แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒจแƒแƒคแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒ.

Ice ๏ฌshing on Zemborzycki reservoir in Lublin, Poland. Zalew Zemborzycki โ€“ Zemborzycki dam reservoir is a large man-made lake build in 1974 used for windsurfing, ๏ฌshing and other water sports during the summer. In winter, it becomes completely deserted, with very few people visiting. The exception being the ice anglers. Most of them are coming here every weekend for many years, sit on the stool in the open on a frozen waters. Most of them know each other but they rarely interact, they enjoy and cherish the opportunity of isolation. The act of ๏ฌshing is less important than it seems, it is an excuse to be here. Their tiny silhouettes appear like frozen and waiting to dissolve in the silence and stillness, until they become a part of the white landscape.

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แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜: แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ˜

Vlad Sokhin Grande Hotel: The Africaโ€™s Biggest Squat

แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช 1950-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ, แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒก โ€žแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒกโ€œ แƒฃแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒข แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ - แƒแƒ แƒข-แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒแƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ˜, แƒžแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒจแƒฃแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ” แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒงแƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒแƒฆแƒ, แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒช แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, 1970แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒแƒšแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฌแƒงแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒœแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒšแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒชแƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒแƒฅ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒฐแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ—; แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ, แƒฃแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ. แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ™แƒ”แƒ“แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜แƒช แƒ“แƒแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒฅแƒ•แƒกแƒ˜ แƒแƒ—แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. แƒ”แƒ แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒขแƒฃแƒ  แƒ•แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒœแƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒœแƒแƒฎแƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ, แƒฃแƒ›แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฃแƒ›แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ–แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒฃแƒฎแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฉแƒแƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒฅ แƒšแƒ˜แƒคแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒซแƒแƒ แƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒš แƒจแƒแƒฎแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“ แƒœแƒแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒงแƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒก แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒก. แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒช, แƒจแƒแƒฎแƒขแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ. โ€žแƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ แƒแƒ  แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ,โ€œ - แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ“แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒชแƒ“แƒแƒแƒ— แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒก. โ€žแƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ—? แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒช, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. แƒแƒ› แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒกแƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ˜แƒฅ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ—. แƒแƒฅ แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒคแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒโ€œ. แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒ แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ. แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ—, แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒฎแƒกแƒœแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒญแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ.

When it opened its doors in the 1950โ€™s, the Grande Hotel was billed as the โ€œPride of Africaโ€. Set in the lush Mozambican port of Beira, it was the largest, most modern hotel on the continent, an Art Deco masterpiece ๏ฌlled with parquet, marble, and glass, surrounded by sweeping views of the Indian Ocean. Yet within a decade, it had shut its doors, unable to turn a pro๏ฌt. Then, in the late 70โ€™s, civil war broke out in Mozambique, and the hotel became a refugee camp for another decade and a half. But when the war ended, many people stayed on, unable to return home, and thousands of other landless, unemployed Mozambicans arrived. The Grande Hotel is now the biggest squat in the world, with about six thousand squatters living inside its crumbling walls. Makeshift charcoal cook stoves dot the once-elegant lobby, lily pads grow in the stagnant swimming pool, and lavish gardens have been replaced by thirsty plots of corn and yucca. Even the elevators have been plundered, the empty shafts are now giant trash bins, as well as a serious danger for residents; in recent years, a handful of people, including several children, have fallen to their death in the shafts. โ€œSome people think we donโ€™t want to leave,โ€ says Arlindo Wafero, who has been living in the hotel-turned-squat for over thirty years. โ€œWe want to leave, but where can we go? We want to work, too, but there are no jobs in Mozambique. We want to go back to where we once lived, but to do that you need transportation, and money. Every day the prices of those things get higher, and weโ€™re more stuck where we are. Here, thereโ€™s no such thing as free will.โ€ In fact, the Mozambican state owns the Grande Hotel, but has done nothing to aid its residents. Instead, theyโ€™re left to scrape by as they can, often clinging to the rituals of everyday life to give shape and order to the chaos of being a squatter. 284


แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ โ€žแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก 60-แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒกแƒขแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ. A girl stands in front of the Grande Hotel that was the biggest hotel of Africa in the 60s of the last century.

แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜. แƒฃแƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒ™แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒก แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ‘แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒ— แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ. A boy in a corridor of the Grande Hotel. For the last few years there is no electricity in the squat and its residents live in the dark. 285


แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒœแƒ”แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก. โ€žแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜โ€œ, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒ. A student has her hair done, going to school. Grande Hotel, Beira.


38 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒžแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ 9 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒแƒŸแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒซแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ, แƒกแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒจแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒญแƒ แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒแƒœ. Veronica Shipassiani (38) with her 9-year-old son in her bedroom. She says that itโ€™s very scary to sleep in the squat because of the night robbers, who can break in and take all the money.

โ€žแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. Grande Hotel residents gather at the passage between blocks of the building. 287


แƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช โ€žแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒžแƒฃแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒกแƒแƒกแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒซแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก. A man sleeps on the ๏ฌ‚oor of the passage between building blocks in the Grande Hotel.

โ€žแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜โ€œ แƒ›แƒ”-20 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก 60-แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ–แƒ”. Grande Hotel on the postcard from 60s of 20th century.

288


แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ“ แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒ” แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก. แƒฎแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ”แƒช, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ, แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒ–แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒฉแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ˜แƒฆแƒฃแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒช. A boy sits on the chair in the corridor of the Grande Hotel. It is not uncommon, when kids fall from the building to the ground that causes serious injuries and even death.


แƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒช, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜, แƒ แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒงแƒแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ โ€žแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒกโ€œ (แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก) แƒ›แƒแƒžแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ. แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ›แƒ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ”แƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒ”-20 แƒกแƒแƒฃแƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฌแƒงแƒ˜แƒกแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ (แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒแƒขแƒแƒฃ) แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ; โ€žแƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ›แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ— แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ— แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก - แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” 1937 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒœ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› โ€žแƒฌแƒ”แƒก-แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—โ€œ แƒ”แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ—. แƒกแƒแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ•แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ โ€žแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒแƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ”แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒก (แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ โ€žแƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜โ€œ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒ’แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ โ€žแƒคแƒ แƒแƒ›โ€-แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒแƒก). แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ—แƒ˜โ€œ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒก 15 แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒก. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒกแƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ› โ€œU.S.A.โ€-แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒจแƒแƒจแƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—โ€œ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒ˜แƒแƒแƒฐแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒกแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒแƒ  แƒ“แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ โ€žแƒญแƒ”แƒจแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒโ€œ - แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒกแƒแƒช แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒชแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ. แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ” แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒ›แƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ”โ€œ แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ—แƒ”แƒš แƒซแƒแƒšแƒแƒฃแƒคแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ›แƒชแƒ แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ–แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒ™แƒ•แƒ” แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ” แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒกแƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ—. แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ› โ€žแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒโ€œ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก!

แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒจแƒ โ€žแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒกโ€œ (แƒ™แƒแƒ™แƒ-แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒ”แƒ•แƒ–แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒแƒฅแƒ˜แƒก) แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ. Followers of John Frum Cargo cult during the everyday ceremony of American ๏ฌ‚ag raising. For them an American ๏ฌ‚ag is a symbol of โ€œcargoโ€ (coca-cola, canned ๏ฌsh and meat and other bene๏ฌts of Western civilization). Lamakara village, Tanna Island, Vanuatu. 290



Vlad Sokhin Cargo Cult The cargo cult is a religious practice in Melanesia and it focuses on obtaining the โ€œcargoโ€ (material wealth) from the Western World through magic, religious rituals and practices. Cargo cult followers believe that their ancestors destined the cargo to them, but crafty Western people unfairly took possession of it. In the ๏ฌrst part of 20th century, the followers of John Frum cargo cult of Tanna Island (Vanuatu) build big wooden aircrafts, landing strips and bamboo control towers, duplicating all โ€œwhite men ritualsโ€, in hope they would attract real airplanes with cargo to the island. Nowadays this tradition does not exist anymore, but the elders of Tanna still remember the good old times, when they were imitating the behavior of American soldiers that they had observed during the World War II. They believe in a mythological man called John Frum, who appeared in Tanna in 1937. He told the islanders to go back to their old traditions and start to live in โ€œcustomโ€. In exchange for this all locals would receive โ€œcargoโ€. Every day in Lamakara village, followers of the cult raise an American ๏ฌ‚ag, which symbolizes power and material wealth, still owned by Westerners (by the legend, John was from America and โ€œFrumโ€ might be a distortion of the word โ€œfromโ€). In anticipation of John, who according to the local myths should come back with โ€œcargoโ€ on 15th of February, on this day, every year, the people of Lamakara wear U.S. military uniforms that were given to them by U.S. soldiers decades before. Many of them paint the acronym โ€œU.S.A.โ€ on their chests and backs and march with bamboo โ€œri๏ฌ‚esโ€ in the U.S. Navy style. Adherent of another Tannaโ€™s cargo cult โ€“ Prince Philip Movement โ€“ from Yaohnanen village, donโ€™t go to Lamakara for celebrations of John Frumโ€™s day. They believe that there is another โ€œtrue messiahโ€ โ€“ Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who is worshipped as a divine person. Legend says that Prince once left the island and traveled to a faraway country, where he married a powerful woman. Soon he will return to Tanna, bringing to his โ€œmotherlandโ€ all power and wealth of the British crown. However, according to the words of some educated islanders, plenty of cargo is already arriving to Tanna. Every day the local airport receives several ๏ฌ‚ights that bring tourists with money. Tanna people have learned how to make pro๏ฌt from tourists which means that the โ€œcargoโ€ is working!

แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ™แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ–แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ–แƒ” โ€žUSAโ€œ-แƒก แƒ˜แƒฎแƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒจแƒจ แƒกแƒแƒแƒชแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ โ€žแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒกโ€œ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. Lamakara villagers paint USA on theirs chests and backs. For them the United States is a dream country, from where they except to receive โ€œcargoโ€, that was promised by John Frum.

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แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒฃแƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ (แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒฃแƒ แƒ”), แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒญแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒฅแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒงแƒแƒšแƒก แƒกแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก. แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ. แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ-แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒ•แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ• แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒกแƒงแƒ˜แƒ“แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. A boy drinks coconut water near the Red Cross symbol in Ipeukel (Sulfur Bay) village. Red Cross is the most sacral symbol of the John Frumโ€™s movement. The sign was adopted from the Red Cross symbol of the American military medical corps, when medicaments were freely distributed to the natives during the World War II.

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แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒขแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก โ€žแƒ—แƒแƒคแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—โ€œ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒฏแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. Followers of Cargo Cult marching with bamboo โ€œri๏ฌ‚esโ€ during the celebration of John Frumโ€™s Day in Lamakara village. Tanna Island.



แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ“แƒ”แƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒ˜แƒแƒแƒฐแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒœแƒจแƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒก แƒฐแƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒก, แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ”แƒก แƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ—. แƒแƒฅแƒแƒฃแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒžแƒ” แƒฆแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ›แƒ. แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ›แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒš แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒขแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒš แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒงแƒแƒœแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ’แƒ–แƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฉแƒ˜แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒแƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. Followers of Prince Philip movement in Yaohnanen village of Tanna Island hold portraits of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. People from Yaohnanen believe that Prince Philip is a divine person and brother of John Frum. According to old legends, Prince once left the island and travelled to a faraway country, where he married a powerful woman and will return to Tanna.

แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฌแƒแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒฃแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒชแƒ”แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. Tanna islanders dance to the American modern music during John Frumโ€™s festival in Lamakara village.

แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒšแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒแƒกแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒฏแƒแƒœ แƒคแƒ แƒฃแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒซแƒ แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, 80 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒแƒ™ แƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒแƒ  แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒจแƒ˜. แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก 15 แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒก, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒ›แƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒแƒ—แƒฌแƒšแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœ แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒแƒจแƒจ-แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒกแƒชแƒ”แƒก. A chief of Lamakara village and a leader of John Frumโ€™s movement Isaac Wan (80) in his house. On February 15 of each year, he wears a US military uniform, which was given to him by the U.S. soldiers decades ago. 295



แƒกแƒแƒคแƒ”แƒš แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒก แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒแƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ–แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒฎแƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒฎแƒแƒ›แƒแƒšแƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœ-แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒœ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒฉแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ™แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒแƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ; โ€žแƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกโ€œ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ“แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ›แƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ”แƒ–แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ—, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒšแƒ–แƒ” แƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒกแƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ”แƒก แƒขแƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒฆแƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ™แƒฃแƒœแƒซแƒฃแƒš แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒชแƒแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฏแƒ”แƒ  แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ• แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ— แƒ˜แƒก แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒช แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒ› แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ™แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒชแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ—แƒแƒช แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ” แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฎแƒ•แƒ“แƒœแƒ”แƒœ. Kids from Imale village play with wooden planes. Their grandfathers used to build big wooden aircrafts, landing strips and bamboo control towers, duplicating all โ€œwhite men ritualsโ€, trying to attract to the island real airplanes with cargo. Although nowadays this tradition does not exist anymore, elders of Tanna still remember good old times, when they were imitating the behavior of American soldiers that they had observed during World War II.

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แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฐแƒแƒšแƒขแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜

Werner Mansholt Senegal

แƒ”แƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒจแƒ˜, แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ— แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, 2010 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒœแƒแƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ /แƒ“แƒ”แƒ™แƒ”แƒ›แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒจแƒ˜. แƒแƒคแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒจแƒ˜, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ— แƒงแƒแƒคแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒก แƒคแƒแƒขแƒแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒฉแƒฃแƒ›แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒซแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœ. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒžแƒแƒ–แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“.

The series of photographs was produced in Senegal, West Africa in November/December 2010. In Africa, it is very di๏ฌƒcult to take hidden photographs close to the people, because white men stand out among black people. Finding authentic pictures without any posing in a concentrated composition and a special light is my idea of storytelling not diminishing peopleโ€™s dignity.

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