Krishi duniya english magazine september 2016 by Krishi Duniya

KRISHI DUNIYA VOLUME I ISSUE 3 SEPTEMBER 2016

strAWBErrY A High value Nutritious fruit crop

INSIDE: DOUBLING THE “REAL” INCOME OF FARMERS IN INDIA BY 2022

FIND US ON

ORGANIC ASHWAGANDHA THE INDIAN MEDICINE ACTS AS AN ANTIOXIDANT

SCIENCE BASED BUSINESS IS TO COMMERCIALIZE PROSPECTIVE RESEARCH: BLST

EDUVACATION IN 60 MINUTES AT SECRET GARDEN VILLAGE

VISIT OUR WEBSITE: www.krishiduniya.com

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KRISHI DUNIYA VOLUME I ISSUE 3 SEPTEMBER 2016

Science based business is to Commercialize Prospective Research: BLST

ADVISORY BOARD Dr. S.M. Mathur College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur Rajasthan A.D Kotnal National Farmers Organisation, Hubali, Karnataka Dr. Rakesh Sanger SVP UAT, Meerut Prof. Anil Kumar Singh Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior Pradeep Dwivedi CEO, Nutrelis Agro Foods, Noida Editor Executive Director Conceptualisation Sr. Correspondent Correspondent

: : : : :

Sr. Marketing Manager : Marketing Manager

Circulation Manager

Designing

O ce Assistant Price Rs.30/Yearly Rs. 360/-

Santosh Ahaluwalia Shyam Chander Mohan Kanika Chauhan Anamika Mishra Ashutosh Rana Pooja Bisht Neha Singh Renu Sharma Ritika Raju Geeta Rawat Dhiraj Kumar Hasan Imam Pradeep Chaudhary Kartik Sharma Mukesh Kumar Ranjeet Kumar Shushil Kumar Ashok Kumar Kamlesh Yadav Rakesh Kumar

22 Doubling The “Real” Income Of Farmers In India By 2022

Agri News.................................................................6 Company News........................................................12 Veganism as Worthy of Protection as Religious Beliefs...................................................18

26 STRAWBERRY A High value Nutritious fruit crop

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Total Pages- 68

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

Science based business is to Commercialize Prospective Research: BLST......................................22 Doubling The “Real' Income Of Farmers In India By 2022.....................................26 Agronomic Constraints and Strategies For Higher Bajra Production......................................30 Non-Hybrid Seeds and Hybrid Seeds..........................32 Strawberry A High value Nutritious fruit crop............34 Major Diseases of Pearl Millet and their Management...........................................................38

Role of Pheromones in Insect Management................42 Phalsa A High value underutilised minor fruit..............44

Corporate O ce: Krishi Duniya, 8/28, WEA, 1st Floor Abdul Aziz road, Karol Bagh New Delhi-110005 All rights reserved. Copyright @Forever Digital Media Group. Krishi Duniya is published by Forever Digital Media Group. Editor: Santosh Ahaluwalia

IN THIS ISSUE

Eduvacation in 60 Minutes at SECRET GARDEN VILLAGE

Medicinal Values, Nutritional Facts, Importance and Production Practices of Ashgourd.......................50 Organic Ashwagandha The Indian Medicine Acts as an Antioxidant..............................................54 Crop Protection Industry suggests increased focus on R&D ...........................................56 Eduvacation in 60 Minutes at Secret Garden Village.....................................................................58

Feeding of Bypass fat to improve health and milk production of animals.........................62

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Economy of India and Indonesia is largely based on Agriculture

EDITORIAL

griculture and allied sectors in India has made tremendous progress by achieving record production of the food grains. It has not only ensured food security for 125 crore population in the country, but also provided food supply to other countries to fulfill the international commitments. Union Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare Minister, Shri Radha Mohan Singh has said that India and Indonesia are working together in Agriculture sector and both countries believe that there are enough possibilities to work together. Shri Radha Mohan Singh said that economy of India and Indonesia is largely based on Agriculture; therefore, given the progress made in Agricultural Education and Research, the bilateral relations between the two countries have bright future. Shri Radha Mohan Singh said this during the meeting with MPs delegation from Indonesia. Shri H. Ahmed Mujhani led the 15 member MPs delegation. During the discussions both the countries stressed on promotion of bilateral financial and political relations. India and Indonesia already have a Memorandum of Understanding for cooperation in the field of agriculture. The third meeting of the Joint Working Group of India and Indonesia was held last year. India and Indonesia have been jointly sharing views at international platforms such as the G20. Krishi Duniya was the Media Partner in the recently concluded INAGriTECH 2016, where in the last issue was specially devoted to the Inagrichem and agri machinery giving the details of India`s potential in agri-machinery. Indonesia's current economic structure and composition based on recent macroeconomic indicators, developments and achievements. It also presents an introduction to the three main economic sectors of Indonesia (agriculture, industry and services) and expounds on the contribution of these three sectors to Indonesia's national economy. Indonesia changed from being an economy that was highly dependent on agriculture into a more balanced economy in which the percentage share of manufacturing in the country's GDP quickly exceeded that of the agriculture sector. This also indicates that Indonesia lessened its traditional dependency on primary exports, although it still remains relatively high today. It should also be underlined that all of

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these sectors underwent rapid expansion, despite the fact that its contribution to Indonesia's GDP fell (agriculture) or remained at a similar level throughout the indicated period (the services sector). The current issue gives the detailed account of the Krishi Duniya visit to Bogor Agriculture University and the PT. Bogor Life Science and Technology (BLST) which is a holding company of Bogor Agricultural University which is Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) whose business areas are based on science, service and asset which aim is to develop business based on corporate management which is holding the public benefit as the priority. Indonesia as a developing country still makes the commodity economy and consumption as the basis for economic growth. Commodities were developed in Indonesia is still minimal touch technology that can provide added value. Most of the commodities are sold in the form of raw materials with little or process into semi-finished goods. Under these conditions the growth and economic sovereignty of Indonesia will be slow and likely to be regulated by states holder of technology, patents, and licenses. Bali an island near Jakarta is having the Secret Garden Village giving the glimpses What Balinese has come out with an Educational Factory & Outlet Tour known as Secret Garden Village at Bedugul, Bali. It is an Eduvacation in 60 Minutes. It is to educate the Younger generation to maintain and preserve Indonesian Beauty Heritage and Cultural Values. Indonesia is a country that contains great economic potential, a potential that has not gone unnoticed to part of the international community. Indonesia-Southeast Asia`s largest economy is increasingly mentioned as an appropriate candidate to be included in the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) as the country is rapidly showing signs of similar newly advanced economic development. Recently, a new set of emerging economies has gained public attention. Members of this set are countries that contains promising markets with diverse economies reasonably sophisticated financial systems and fast growing populations. These countries are grouped under the acronym CIVETS and its combined grass domestic product is predicted to account for half the global economy by 2020.

Editor Email: editor@krishiduniya.com

SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

India must be the Torch Bearer in Potato Development for the World

research to increase the production and productivity' and also urged that India must be the torch bearer in potato development for the world. Dr Mohapatra visited in Cell Biology Lab., Genomics Lab. Tissue Culture Facility, Diagnostic Lab., Post Harvest Technology Lab., AKMU, Library etc. Dr A.K. Singh (DDG, Agric. Extn. and Hort. Sci.) highlighted the research work at Central Potato Research Institute and appealed Institute to bring out high-yielding and palatable varieties as well as energy efﬁcient storage technologies. Dr Singh also advised that Krishi Vigyan Kendras may be roped in for quality seed production.

r Trilochan Mohapatra (Secretary, DARE and DG, ICAR) inaugurated 68th Foundation Day, and launched 'Smart Potato Portal' for providing all decision support systems developed in potato under one umbrella. Dr Mohapatra emphasized on 'Farmer based research to increase the production and productivity' and also urged that India must be the torch bearer in potato development for the world. Dr Trilochan Mohapatra emphasized on 'Farmer-based

Dr S.K. Malhotra (Agriculture and Horticulture Commissioner, Government of India ) focused on Food and Nutritional Security through potato production and utilization for ever increasing population of the country. Dr T. Janakiram (ADG, Hort. Sci.) emphasized over the development of climate resilient potato varieties to ensure the quality potato seed production and processing. Two entrepreneurs from Punjab shared their experiences of aeroponic seed production technology. The Director General, ICAR gave the best worker award of the institute to selected persons under scientiﬁc, administrative, technical as well as supporting category. Nearly 300 people attended this function.

Entrepreneurship Development and Business Plan Competition

r P. Rajendran (Vice Chancellor, KAU) inaugurated a sensitization workshop on 'Entrepreneurship Development and Business Plan Competition for Students of South Indian Universities', jointly organised by the National Academy for Agriculture Research Management (Hyderabad), C e n t r a l I n s t i t u t e o f F i s h e r i e s Te c h n o l o g y (Kerala),Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, and Kerala Agricultural University at Thrissur, and emphasized the need of conver gence of technology and entrepreneurship to facilitate emergence of start-up ventures in the agriculture sector. Dr Rajendran said value addition, precision fertilizer usage, and food processing were the sectors that could generate more entrepreneurs in agriculture and allied sectors. Dr Rajendran added that the programme would change the mindset of students towards the entrepreneurial ecosystem and develop self conﬁdence among students to become successful entrepreneurs. D r T. P. S e t h u m a d h a v a n ( D i r e c t o r o f Entrepreneurship, KVASU) deliberated keynote address and said that as growth in agriculture GDP was coming down, promotion of agribusiness innovations was the need of the hour

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

The project on 'Developing bio mosquito repellent from the turmeric leaf oils extracts by steam distillation' was presented. The Kerala Agricultural University students bagged National Innovation Awards for best entrepreneur. Cash awards of Rs. 10,000/- and Rs 5000/- and certiﬁcates were given to the winning team. Students from College of Corporation Banking and Management, KAU won the ﬁrst prize. A total of 130 students from six universities participated in the workshop. Of the 49 entries registered for the Business Plan Competition 18 teams were selected and of which awards were given to best two business plans. krishiduniya.com

Tribal Farmers Meet of Cancona Zone

he program on “Tribal Farmers' Meet “ of Cancona zone was organized at ICARCCARI, Old Goa on 25th August 2016 under Tribal Sub Plan (TSP)Programme with a view to apprise them of the benefits of adopting improved production technologies on plantation, spice & fruit crops. While welcoming the Chief Guest, Dr. (Smt) Mridula Sinha, Honorable Governor of Goa, Dr. Narendra Pratap Singh, Director, ICAR –CCARI, gave introductory remarks about the “Tribal Sub Plan” Program launched by this institute from past five years and the benefits accrued by the tribal farming community in the state of Goa. On this occasion Honorable Governor of Goa, addressed the farmer group delivering a vibrant message on importance of plants & the emotional relationship of mankind with plants. In her golden message Honorable Governor emphasized the need for conserving and strengthening the local skills of the farming community & inculcate the ones with the modern farming practices for the ever charming prosperity of the rural folk so that such approaches would pave way for long and sustainable technology for the betterment of livelihood security of rural people. During the meet, planting material of improved varieties of cashew (4000 grafts), mango (2000 grafts), coconut (600 hybrid seedlings), arecanut (650 seedlings), nutmeg (100 grafts) & black pepper (500 grafts & 1000 rooted cuttings) was distributed through the golden hands of Honorable Governor for marking the acceptance of the technology of using grafts and hybrids of the

above crops by the tribal farmers, who otherwise were dependent only on using non descript low yielding local planting material. The above material was provided to the tribal farmers of Cancona zone under the TSP Project entitled “Technology intervention for higher productivity and production of important horticulture crops for improving livelihood security of tribal farmers in Goa” handled by Dr.A.R. Desai, Sr. Scientist (Hort.). During the meet, he gave a brief account of the impact of the technology interventions and trainings imparted to tribal farmers along with farm machineries (Brush cutters & Power Sprayers) and farm inputs (Fertilizers & Agro chemicals). Success story on adoption of turmeric production practices was evinced by the Taleshir Self Help Group of Bhers, Gaondongri village, Canacona by receiving a cheque through the golden hands of the Honorable Governor, for Rs.3 Lakhs towards supply of six tons of turmeric seed rhizomes (Var. Pratibha) to the institute which in turn was provided to other tribal farmers of Cotigaon village for taking up turmeric cultivation. Shri. Ulhas Pai Kakode, Director, Directorate of Agriculture, Government of Goa also addressed the farmers about the need of adoption of sustainable technologies for enhancing productivity. Dr. S. Priya Devi, Sr. Scientist (Fruit Sci.) moderated the entire programme and proposed vote of thanks.

Manufacture of jute Handicrafts

ix days training programme on “Manufacture of jute Handicrafts” under Agri Business Incubation (ABI) Project, ICAR-NIRJAFT, Kolkata was organized at KVK, Bhadrak (OUAT) Odisha from August 25-30, 2016. 15 trainees from Bhadrak district, Odisha associated with agrobased craft works have participated in this programme. In the closing ceremony, Dr. P.N. Jagdev, Dean (Extension), OUAT, Odisha has distributed certiﬁcates to the trainees. Dr. A.N. Roy, P.I., ABI Project has briefed about entrepreneurship development through manufacture of jute goods. Dr. Aurobindo Das, Senior Scientist & Head, KVK, Bhadrak has highlighted upon the market demand of jute handicrafts. Dr. Laxmikanta Nayak, Senior Scientist, ICARNIRJAFT, Kolkata has co-ordinated the training programme. krishiduniya.com

SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

Inland Fisheries Management

SAARC Training Programme on Climate Change

ith the objective of sharing of i d e a s , commonalities and solutions among the researchers of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SA ARC) countries, sponsored by the SAARC Agricultural Centre (SAC), Dhaka and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) took initiatives for Regional Training Programme on various important issues at the Indian Institute of Soil Science between 16 and 23 August 2016. training programme was conducted for the farmers of Saran District of Bihar on “Inland Fisheries Management” during 22-28th August, 2016 at ICAR -CIFRI, Bar rackpor e, Kolkata. The training was inaugurated by Dr. B.K. Das, Director, CIFRI on 22nd August, 2016. In his Inaugural address, Dr. Das, Director, CIFRI gave an overview on the management measures for inland ﬁsheries resources.

Dr Anil Kumar Singh (Vice-Chancellor, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior) Chief Guest, inaugurated the Regional Training for the SAARC countries which is unique of its kind in which common problems and solutions to the climate change impact were discussed. The deliberations in the training programme focused on assessment of climate change impact, and developing mitigation and adaptation options for different socioeconomic conditions of SAARC member countries. The participants included 13 researchers/department ofﬁcials (5 from Bangladesh and 2 each from India, Pakistan, Bhutan and Sri Lanka) from SAARC member countries also called for greater cooperation and developing research networking among SAARC countries to face the challenges of climate change.

The training curriculam was designed after need assessment of the farmers, and include both classroom as well as field level demonstrations. The trainees were exposed to various technologies viz. Pen-culture technology in Akaipur Beel, North 24 Pargana and composite fish culture at Kalyani farm of ICAR- CIFA Kalyani Centre. An exposure visit to ornamental fish market as well as waste water fisheries in East Kolkata wetlands were also organised during the training programme. The course module was also aimed to increase the capacity of the farmers on inland fisheries production. A feedback session was also conducted and around 90% of the farmers expressed very high level of satisfaction from this skill development programme.

The function was also graced by Dr. S. M. Bokthiar (Director, SAARC Agricultural Centre, Dhaka) and Dr Tayan Raj Gurung (Senior Program Specialist of the SAC).

The valedictory programme was presided over by Dr. B.K. Das, Director, CIFRI and he requested the farmers to implement the skill they developed during this training. Dr. B.K Das also emphasized to strengthen the ﬁshermen cooperative societies in that district to develop Chaur (seasonal oodplain wetlands) ﬁsheries on collective basis. This training programme was coordinated by Dr. Aparna Roy, Scientist, Extension and Training Cell, CIFRI. The training programme was ended up with vote of thanks by Shri Ganesh Chandra, Co-Coordinator of the training programme.

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

The eight days' programme was concluded on 23 August 2016 in which Dr Nawab Ali (Ex -Deputy Director General, Agricultural Engineering) was Chief Guest who focused on the Climate change impact on Agriculture and the Society.

Terra Greens adopts 4000 farmers in Tamil Nadu

yderabad-based Terra Greens, a start up engaged in organic food business, has announced its move to adopt 4000 farmers in Tamil Nadu to meet the growing need for organic staples and encourage organic food cultivation. L i k i t h a B h a n u , F o u n d e r a n d D i r e c t o r o f Te r r a g r e e n s , (www. terragreensorganic.com) announced this at Agrimeet, an event conducted by VIT University in association with NABARD and agricultural university of Vellore. Terra Greens range of 99 organic staples products is focused on nutrition for the urban Indian. A Bio Technology alumina of VIT Likitha said that our first step is helping these 4000 farmers to achieve Organic Farming Certification and Documentation and expand their prowess to grow organic rice and millets. Tamil Nadu is a rare oasis of organic and sustainable agriculture and we are happy with to welcome 4000 new farmers in Terra Greens family. The biggest benefit of our collaboration is a buy back guarantee from Terra Greens to these farmers. The move to collaborate with farmers is part of the company growth strategy to increase the area under rice and millet cultivation. krishiduniya.com

KRISHI DUNIYA

Agriculture Magazine

'Animal House' at ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad

Global Agriculture Leadership Summit

Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra, Secretary (DARE) and Director General (ICAR) laid the foundation stone of 'Animal House' at ICAR Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad. Dr. Mohapatra, while addressing the scientists and staff of the Directorate appreciated the Institute activities including chicken varieties developed by the Directorate and advised to utilize the new facility being created at the new campus to cater the need of the farmers. He emphasized on doing advanced research for augmenting performance of the pureline. He accentuated to conduct research in basic sciences exploring relationship between gene and traits in local non-descript and native Indigenous chicken breeds so that ultimately, the information can be utilized to augment their productivity and to popularize the breeds at their home tracts. He also stressed upon the commercialization of the technologies developed at the Institute. Later on, he released an Institute publication on 'A practical manual on gene silencing in poultry'. Dr. H. Rahman, Deputy Director General (Animal Science) appreciated the Institute activities highlighting the role of the Institute in popularizing the backyard poultry in the country. He illustrated the role of emerging and re-emerging poultry diseases in the country and stressed upon the need for development of combined vaccines for various viral diseases in chicken. Dr. J.K. Jena, Deputy Director General (Fishery Science) emphasized the need of integrated farming involving fish and poultry for economic upliftment of the rural farmers. Earlier, Dr. R.N. Chatterjee, Director, ICAR-DPR, Hyderabad highlighted the significant achievements of the Institute. He delineated the contribution of the AICRP and Seed project centres in development of chicken varieties utilizing local germplasm and upliftment of the economy of the rural marginal farmers through rearing of these chicken varieties. Dr. Mohapatra was accompanied by Dr. H. Rahman, Deputy Director General (Animal Science); Dr. J. K. Jena, Deputy Director General (Fishery Science); Directors of local ICAR institutes, Dr. V. Prabhakar Rao, former Vice Chancellor, SVVU, Tirupati; Dr. A. Padma Raju, former Vice Chancellor, ANGRAU, Hyderabad; Dr. R.P. Sharma, former Director, PDP and other distinguished dignitaries. Dr. R.N. Chatterjee, Director, ICAR-DPR welcomed the dignitaries. Directors and senior officials of local ICAR Institutes and Agricultural Universities participated in the event.

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

Global Agriculture Leadership Summit from 8-9 Sep 2016

griculture continues to be a powerful engine for livelihood security, economic growth and social transformation. India has seen in the recent years a massive grass root level movement in agriculture, catalyzed by the agri entrepreneurs, NGOs, industry and institutions; and powered by the Government policies, which is bringing about transformational changes in the farming sector. Towards global food security, the BRICS initiative on agriculture and US and India's substantially enhanced engagement with Africa promises great prospects. The Sustainable Development Goals aim to address the global food security on sustainable basis through encouraging and promoting environmentally safe technologies and use of natural resources. The need of the hour is the renewed focus and a boost to technology, trade and global partnerships in food and agriculture to unleash the potential of agriculture to create jobs and to become the major driver of India and global economy, and achieve the target of doubling farm incomes by 2022. Indian Council of Food and Agriculture in partnership with Agriculture Today seizes the opportunity to discuss the challenge and emphasize the need for appropriate policy initiatives on the part of the Governments by bringing key personalities of Indian and global agriculture on one platform at the 9th Agriculture Leadership Summit 2016 on 8-9 September 2016, Hotel Taj Palace, New Delhi. The event will be combined with the presentation of 9th Global Leadership Awards and the launch of Agriculture Year Book 2016. Important individuals and institutions, who have played seminal roles to build new hopes and aspirations in agriculture will be recognized by the Agriculture Leadership Awards 2016. ICFA and Agriculture Today will also present the people with an authentic reading of the year's account in food and agriculture by releasing the Agriculture Year Book 2016 on this occasion. The combined event makes it a must for one and all in agriculture, food, agribusiness, research, academics, media, farming, trade, development, policy making, implementation and all those concerned with food, farmers and the rural sector in India, Africa and globally to participate krishiduniya.com

advice, learning, service, customer care and technical support.

BCF have been leaders in veterinary diagnostics imaging for over 35 years.

e, BCF Technology India Pvt. Ltd., a subsidiary of BCF Technology Ltd. UK are purely a veterinary oriented company and are pioneer in Veterinary Imaging. BCF enjoys largest market share in veterinary segment in UK and Europe. BCF specialize in providing imaging solutions for both large and small animal. At BCF, we are world leaders in veterinary imaging. We believe in helping our customers improve animal care. We believe in developing and providing technology that will make a real difference and ensuring our customers get the most from their equipment. We believe in creating a world class team capable of surpassing customer expectations. At BCF we aim to provide so much more than the best in veterinary imaging equipment. We also pride ourselves on delivering the best in

As a vet, you never stop learning. Capturing and interpreting diagnostic images takes skill and conﬁdence, and education is a vital part of the support BCF provides. We run and support over 100 training days each year worldwide with our Radiographers and clinical team of vets, focussed on developing veterinary imaging skills. We are constantly developing new learning materials. These free resources are available online at www.bcftechnology.com and on the BCF YouTube channel, where our library of 'How to' videos has attracted over 1.7 million views. If you would like help with your diagnostic imaging, please do get in touch with us. BCF Technology India Pvt. Ltd. 405, Level 4, Regus, Rectangle 1, Commercial Complex, D-4, Saket, New Delhi – 110017, India Phone: +91 1166544754

John Deere expands its compact utility tractors range Additionally, Twin Touch foot controls provide an automobile-like experience while reducing operator fatigue. "The 3025E will surprise customers, who would, for the lower price, expect to ﬁnd nothing more than a basic, 'bare-bones' tractor," said Bentley. "Instead, they discover the nicely equipped, hardworking machine that goes beyond, providing reliable performance at an affordable price."

merican farm and construction equipment manufacturer John Deere has expanded its 3E Series Compact Utility Tractor line to include the 3025E model. With the addition of a 25-horsepower option, John Deere now offers a reliable trio of compact utility tractors all the way up to 38 horsepower. Michelle Bentley, Product marketing manager said that our 3E Series compact tractors have a reputation for being reliable machines that customers can trust to power through the toughest of jobs. "With the new 3025E, John Deere has combined capability and comfort at an affordable price, meeting a diverse range of needs for our hardworking customers.” The 3025E model features an easy-to-use, two-range hydrostatic transmission (HST), increasing tractor performance while eliminating clutching for fast and easy direction changes.

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

It also expanded its 2R Series Compact Utility Tractor line with two new large-chassis models, the 2032R and 2038R. A premium suspension seat, ergonomic controls, tilt steering wheel, cruise control and thick rubber oor mat provide a comfortable operator experience, reducing operator fatigue. Additionally, the 2R Series Compact Utility Tractors are equipped with standard work lights on the fender and an optional premium LED work light kit, allowing operators to extend the workday, optimizing productivity. The company has also introduced new composite fuel tank for the 2017 the 9R Series Wheeled and Scraper Special Tractors. The new sloped design of the tank improves the aesthetics of the 9R and rear visibility for the operator. “The composite fuel tank also features a dual-fill design, allowing operators to fill the fuel tank from either side," says Tiffany Turner, product marketing manager, John Deere. "The fuel tank capacity is 320 gallons on the 9370R and 9470R Tractors and 400 gallons on the 9529R and 9620R Tractors." The new composite fuel tanks for 9R Tractors are designed to give the tractor a sleeker look and more efficiency for the operator with the two fuel-fill locations. These new tractors will be available in November. krishiduniya.com

STIHL in INAGriTECH 2016, Indonesia

he STIHL brand is known round the world today for quality and service. In more than 160 countries the products are helping people at work - and that has made STIHL the world's leading chain saw brand. The STIHL name has stood for revolutionary technology and innovative ideas ever since the firm was founded. Throughout 85-plus year history that has made the name for state-of-the-art engineering. STIHL has been setting the standard for chainsaws and other garden power tools for 80 years. During this time, have achieved a number of key feature breakthroughs. These include: Automatic chain oiling - the chain and guide bar are automatically lubricated by an oil pressure lubrication system in the handpiece (1934); Centrifugal clutch - this ensures that the saw chain is automatically advanced as the engine speed increases (1936); Anti-vibration system - the chainsaw is now equipped with an anti-vibration handle (1964); Electronic ignition system appears for the first time on the chainsaw model 041 AV electronic, ensuring trouble-free starting and optimum combustion (1968); Chain braking system - the chain brake brings chain to a halt in a fraction of a second of the machine kicking back (1972); Single-lever Master Control LeverTM - the functions cold start, start, run and stop are operated safely and reliably via the handle (1976); EmaticTM system - this reduces chain oil consumption, cuts operating costs and helps to protect the environment (1987); Catalytic converter - the first version for 2 stroke engines was developed reducing harmful emissions by 70-80% (1988); ElastoStartTM system - a dampener integrated into the handle absorbs the peak forces, perceived as jerks, when pulling the starter rope on chainsaws and other power tools (1991); Auger brake - the BT 106 C was the first earth auger to be equipped with a QuickStop drill brake for additional safety (1995); 4-MIX technology - this revolutionary mixture-lubricated

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4-stroke engine combines the advantages of 2-stroke and 4-stroke units providing fewer emissions, lower weight and high torque (2002); 4-MIX engine – operates with the patented STIHL petroloil lubricating system. This ensures cleaner, more efficient engine operation, lower noise levels and favourable fuel consumption (2002); ErgoStart (E) – STIHL's revolutionary easy starting system sets an additional spring between the crankshaft and the starter rope. The result is a simple and effortless two-finger pullstart (2003).; Comfort saw chain – A significant stride in saw chain design, a newly profiled cutter produces a shock-absorbing effect as the cutting edge enters the wood. Chain vibration is reduced by as much 40% when cutting, making it more comfortable and safer in use (2003); Spring-loaded antivibration system – advanced spring-loaded system is proven to significantly reduce vibrations from the engine to the user's hand (2005); 2-MIX engine – with up to 70% fewer emissions and up to 20% less fuel consumption, STIHL 2-MIX technology guarantees greater engine efficiency and performance (2007); Long life air filter system – pre-separation air filter system extends the filter life by up to five times compared to its predecessor (2007); Lithium-ion battery technology – STIHL's breakthrough 36 V lithium-ion battery technology powers the new light cordless hedge trimmer range (2009); Flood prevention system – the latest domestic grass trimmers (FS 40, 50, 56) benefit from a simplified 4-step starting system and an engine that is virtually impossible to ood (2009); Electric start – the STIHL FR 480 C-F backpack brushcutter can be started and stopped whilst still on your back by simply pressing a button on the multi-function handle (2009). Picco Duro chain – the world's first ever carbide-tipped low-profile saw chain. Stays sharp for up to four times as long as standard saw chains (2010); STIHL M-Tronic – featured on STIHL's most advanced chain saw ever – the MS 441 C-M, STIHL M-Tronic is a full electronic controlled ignition timing and fuel metering system. The carburettor is automatically adjusted to changes in altitude, temperature and fuel quality, ensuring optimum engine performance day in and day out (2010).

SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

Honda displays Agri Equipment in INAGriTECH 2016, Jakarta

Handy Series; Portable Gensets - Silent Series; Portable Gensets - LPG Series; Inverter Generators. Water Pumps Water Pumping Set. Engines - Kerosene Engines; Lawn Mowers; Brush Cutter; Power Tillers. Quality Conformation

onda Siel Power Products Ltd. (HSPP) is India's leading Power Products company. It was established in the year 1985, as a subsidiary of Honda Motor Co. Japan, the second largest manufacturer of engine in the world. Since inception, it has dominated the industry of power products industry as a manufacturer, supplier and exporter of Portable Generators, General Purpose Engine, Water Pumps, Lawnmower, Long Tailed Outboard Motors, Brush Cutter, Power Tiller, etc. The company has developed a state-of-art setup at Greater Noida for manufacturing of our products. In its around three decades of presence, HSPP has facilitated the dreams of more than 2.5 million customers, making it the indisputable leader in the power product domain. The Indonesian ofﬁce of the company participated in the INAGriTECH 2016 and displayed the company`s product. Honda Rotary Tillers Since 1985, we have been offering a

wide range of Honda Rotary Tillers. These are manufactured at our advanced production unit using the superlative quality components and innovative techniques. The offered tillers are widely demanded in agriculture for preparing the soil for plantation of crops. Moreover, the provided Honda Rotary Tillers can be availed in different technical specifications at viable prices. Product Range manufacture worldclass Portable Water Pumps, Generators and Engines which are constructed in varied configurations, based on advanced technologies in order to suffice desired requirement of customers. Products are world over appreciated for being excellent in performance and meeting users' distinct requirements efficiently. Company take pride in saying that India's first LPG based Generator along with the Super Silent Key Start Generator portable kerosene generators are some of the products that have established as the forerunner in competitive market. Manufactured generators conform to the stringent phase II Noise & Emission norms that have been laid down by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Government of India. In detail, comprehensive range of products include the following: Generators - Portable Gensets -

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Since the establishment of organization, have been paying additional attention to the quality of products. Manufactured products like Portable Water Pumps are of international quality that suit all kinds of distinct application requirements. For continuing the best manufacturing practices, have received ISO 9001:2000 certiﬁcation. In addition, have been awarded with ISO 14001 for Environment Management Systems. For putting off any aw in terms of quality and holding out the excellent range of Portable Water Pumps, have a separate team that efﬁciently takes care of quality control and inspection. Company keep an eye over the entire manufacturing process and also conduct essential tests on the end products. Robust Infrastructure

Company boast of robust infrastructure, which is backed by all required state-of-the-art machines and equipment. Company`s infrastructural set-up includes over 95 production facilities in 34 countries all across the world. All the machinery and equipment installed are easy to operate and have high production capacity. In order to keep them in perfect condition, have created a separate team of technical experts. They regularly maintain and upgrade the machines, so as to enhance their efﬁciency as well as up-time and strengthen manufacturing process.

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Innovation with Techno Vision is the motto of Biocare India Pvt.Ltd., Nagpur

iocare mission is to create healthy, happy and more meaning full lives by providing world class health care solution for everyone to fulfill the vision is to help people to live better life by scientifically developing products which help people to discover their true potential. Biocare is performers for well known brands like Bioforce, Neem Cake, Biosil, etc. based on the latest technology. The company created a niche in the industry. The products are widely appreciated all over the besides adhering to highest standards and stringent in-house world for their effectiveness and reliability. Biocare India Pvt. Ltd., believe that product quality and innovation control, regular internal quality audits are performed with a are fundamental to their long term growth and success. They have a view to excel. Shri Yadav further added `` We implement commitment to research planned and systematic activity in our quality system so that and development and to quality ewquirements for our products are met. All activities introducing innovative are monitored by Quality Assurance department which ensures products to correspond that all laid down procedures are followed in accordance with with consumer trends highly set quality standards.`` This uncompromising commitment for quality has paved the way for numerous Quality Excellence Awards. The company Shri Atul Yadav, is accredited with International Organic Certification IFOAM Director informed the and nation counterpart INDOCERT. Krishi Duniya that and scientific research.

Now, book a tractors via phone call

he Mahindra Group's on-demandfarm equipment rental start-up, Trringo, has launched its service out of Karnataka, where it will help farmer's book tractors by the hour via a phone call. The 'Uber for Tractors' start-up is looking to sign up existing rental providers who own tractors and farm implements on its platform, much like how Uber signs up cabs but does not own the inventory. The service, Mahindra says, will allow it to reach farmers who can't afford to buy their own tractors. Arvind Kumar, Chief executive of Trringo said that what we've done is broaden the deﬁnition of a customer. Traditionally, we've not looked at a farmer who is not in a position to buy a tractor or an implement. With Trringo, we've broadened that pie. In Karnataka, Kumar estimates the market for tractor rentals to be worth Rs 1,500 crore, with the potential to grow to Rs 2,500 crore. Rather than competing to win all of it, the company will with Trringo participate in the new concept of a sharing economy, charging a 10 per cent commission from its franchise partners.

trip, we're going to with Trringo bring levels of transparency that these farmers deserve…We've been putting up hoardings everywhere that say call us for a tractor, it is your right,” added Kumar.

With the Karnataka government setting aside Rs 175 crore to bear 75 per cent of the capital costs that come with setting up such centres in every taluka, the state became the ﬁrst choice for launching the service. Apart from “Just like Uber and Ola, where you can see all the Karnataka where Trringo has to set up 101 centres by the end of next month, it details of the cab you have booked and the cost of the plans to have 165 centres in all across India. krishiduniya.com

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CNH INDUSTRIAL BRANDS REVEAL CONCEPT AUTONOMOUS TRACTOR DEVELOPMENT

ESCORTS LTD ANNOUNCED THE DIVESTMENT

scorts Ltd announced the divestment of its OEM & Export business of Auto Product division to Badve Engineering Ltd., Pune in an all cash deal as a part of the planned strategic reorientation of the business to focus on core verticals in the Agri-Machinery, Construction equipment and Railway equipment. The Auto Products business comprises an extensive product basket catering to OEMs and replacement market in India and overseas markets for all vehicle categories including motorcycles, scooters, passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and multi-utility vehicles. According to Mr. Dipankar Ghosh, CEO, Escorts Auto Products & Escorts Railways Products,

NH Industrial gave the public a glimpse at what the future of agriculture could look like at the 2016 Farm Progress Show in Boone, Iowa, USA. The Company held a public preview today of its concept autonomous tractor technology, which is being displayed in two distinct tractor versions, on the stands of its Case IH and New Holland Agriculture brands. The versions include an entirely cabless concept Case IH Magnum and a New Holland T8 NHDrive™ concept tractor, which maintains its cab to deliver operating flexibility. CNH Industrial’s Innovation Group has proactively developed concept autonomous technology to help farmers and agribusinesses sustainably boost production and productivity through the ability to make the most of ideal soil and weather conditions, as well as available labor. Auto-steering and telematics are already available on today’s tractors and autonomous technology takes this a significant stage further. Based on the existing Case IH Magnum and New Holland T8 high-horsepower conventional tractors, and using GPS in conjunction with the most accurate satellite correction signals for ultra-precise guidance and immediate recording and transmission of field data, the CNH Industrial autonomous tractor concept has been designed to allow completely remote deployment, monitoring and control of the machines. CNH Industrial’s concept autonomous tractor technology is the next step in the Company’s innovation roadmap and holds significant promise for the sustainable and productive future of farming.

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“We believe that the transfer of OEM and Export business to Badve Engineering Ltd will help us to focus on our core areas. We are delighted that Badve Engineering Ltd has stepped in to take the business forward.” Speaking on the acquisition, Company Spokesperson Mr. Shrikant Badve, Managing Director Badve Engineering Ltd., said, “We are delighted to have acquired a business that has a good market standing and the versatility to produce an extensive range of auto components for various applications.” ICICI Securities acted as transaction advisor for the deal.

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IFFCO Kisan Sanehar Limited (IFFCO KISAN) which provides information solutions to rural population through robust ICT model and TVS Credit Services Limited (TVSCS) which is a Non-Banking Financial services company signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The MoU was signed between the CEO of IFFCO KISAN, Mr. Sanpeep and the CEO of TVSCS, Mr. Venkatraman G, at the IFFCO Kisan ofﬁce in New Delhi, will facilitate cooperation on banking services and capacity building. The companies have a longstanding pr esence in the r ural space and continuously endeavour engagement with rural masses. IFFCO K I SAN Samachar Ltd, an innovative Agri VAS organization with core focus on Knowkdge dissemination/ technology transfer through lCT/mobile technologies was started by lFFCO in 2007 to connect directly to the farmers through mobile phone VAS platform. With its presence in 18 States or India, boasts of over 100 experts from Agri & Allied Sector holding strong partnership with elite National & State Agricultural & Allied Institutes/Organizations. Since its incept in 2007, the organization has been serving over 3.5 million farmers across the Country through four daily Free Voice Messages on topics of agriculture & allied, government schemes, health & other topics of rural interests. The Voice messages are recorded in 11 local languages & dialects by the content experts transcending the literacy barrier (major challenge in rural mass communication) for better engagement &

IFFCO KISAN & TVSCS MoU

understanding of the rural masses. The initiative is focused on empowering poor people living in villages of India, with major focus on small & marginal farmers of India by improving their informed decision making ability through access to timely, latesl, relevant & scientifically validated information by leveraging ubiquitous mobile phone. While TVS Group was founded in 1911 by Shri T. V. Sundaram lyengar and with steady growth, expansion and diversification, TVS Credit Service Limited (TVSCS) was incorporated on November 5, 2008. The company is registered with the RBI as a Non-Deposit taking. Non-Banking Finance company (NBFC). TVS Credit Services is present in 16 states across 100+offices. It has 3,000+points of presence and has serviced more than a Million customers.

TVSCS and IFFCO K1SAN have come together to cater to the needs of the farmers by providing them with quick ﬁnancing options for tractors, vehicles attractive terms. TVSCS and IFFCO KISAN have mutually agreed to leverage each other's expertise which can supplement the existing Channel Service Providers of TVSCS in sourcing the said Business. IFFCO KlSAN shall be sourcing customers to enable TVSCS to provide loans against the hypothecation of assets. The two companies have thoroughly discussed and mutually agreed to start pilot projects in selected states and gradually expand throughout India. The agreement furthers cooperation between IFFCO KISAN and TVSCS in a number of areas. These include developing future business arrangements, knowledge sharing, joint technology studies and workshops. I FFCO KISAN CEO said, "The signing gives both companies scope to gently identity and create new project opportunities for beneﬁtting rural INDIA." TVSCS CEO Mr, Venkatraman said, "The event marked a new milestone for both companies to boost the growth engine for IFFCO KISAN and TVSCS. IFFCO KISAN's outstanding capabilities as India's most experienced and competitive farmers ICT Company will strengthen both the partners, to the next level," he said. The MoU reects a wonderful cooperative spirit which will strengthen both the companies in time to come.

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Veganism as Worthy of Protection as Religious Beliefs

eganism is a way of living which seeks to exclude, as far as is possible and practicable, all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing or any other purpose. From 'junk food vegans' to raw food vegans, and everything in between, there's a version of veganism to suit everyone. Yet one thing we all have in common is a plantbased diet avoiding all animal foods such as meat (including fish, shellfish and insects), dairy, eggs and honey - as well as products like leather and any tested on animals. Although the vegan diet was defined early on in the Society's beginnings in 1944, it was as late as 1949 before Leslie J Cross pointed out that the society lacked a definition of veganism. He suggested “[t]he principle of the emancipation of

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animals from exploitation by man”. This is later clarified as “to seek an end to the use of animals by man for food, commodities, work, hunting, vivisection, and by all other uses involving exploitation of animal life by man”. When the society became a registered charity in 1979, the Memorandum and Articles of Association updated the definition of “veganism” as: A Philosophy and way of living which seeks to exclude – as far as is possible and practicable – all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing or any other purpose; and by extension, promotes the development and use of animal-free alternatives for the benefit of humans, animals and the environment. In dietary terms it denotes the practice of

dispensing with all products derived wholly or partly from animals A vegan diet is richly diverse and comprises all kinds of fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, beans and pulses - all of which can be prepared in endless combinations that will ensure you're never bored. From curry to cake, pasties to pizzas, all your favorite things can be suitable for a vegan diet if they're made with plant-based ingredients. Vegans avoid exploiting animals for any purpose, with compassion being a key reason many choose a vegan lifestyle. From accessories and clothing to bathroom items, animal products are found in more places than you might expect. Fortunately nowadays there are affordable and easilysourced alternatives to just about krishiduniya.com

everything. With over 22,000 products and services registered with our Vegan Trademark alone, living a vegan lifestyle has never been easier. Vegans choose not to support animal exploitation in any form and so avoid visiting zoos or aquariums, or taking part in dog or horse racing. A great alternative is visiting and supporting animal sanctuaries that provide safe and loving homes for rescued animals. In a new policy released in December 2015 (the "Policy"), the Ontario Human Rights Commission expanded the deﬁnition of "creed" in an attempt to capture Ontario's modern landscape of belief. But how far does it go? A vegan may, for example, consider their veganism to form a central part of their identity. Would this be protected by the Policy? And is veganism as worthy of protection as religious beliefs, for example? The argument that beliefs such as veganism should receive human rights protection is bolstered by statistics indicating that today's society is becoming less religious and more secular, and that people tend to draw their beliefs from a variety of sources. In 2011, over 7.8 million Canadians responded that they had no religious afﬁliation (including agnostics, atheists, and humanists), compared to about 65,000 traditional or indigenous spiritualists, 330,000 Jews, 367,000 Buddhists, 500,000 Hindus, 1 million Muslims, and 22.1 million Christians.

provided expanded guidance for the Tribunal and for employers and others with Code obligations. The Commission explains that the fact Ontario has chosen the term "creed" for its human rights legislation — as opposed to "religion", "religious belief", or "religious creed", as used elsewhere — suggests that "creed may have a meaning that is distinct from these other closely related terms." The Commission pr ovides the following framework for determining whether a Code-protected creed has been established: Given the evolving nature of belief systems over time and the need to apply a liberal and purposive interpretation to Code protections for creed, this policy does not provide a universal, "once and for all" deﬁnition of creed. However, the following characteristics are relevant when considering if a belief system is a creed under the Code . A creed: 1.

is sincerely, freely and deeply held;

is integrally linked to a person's identity, self-deﬁnition and fulﬁlment;

is a particular and comprehensive, overarching system of belief that governs one's conduct and practices;

addresses ultimate questions of human existence, including ideas about life, purpose, death, and the existence or non-existence of a Creator and/or a higher or different order of existence;

has some "nexus" or connection to an organization or community that professes a shared system of belief.

In its summary of the Policy online, the Commission also offers the following guidance: Given the breadth of belief systems that have been found to be a creed under the Code — from Raelianism [a UFO religion] to the "spiritual cultivation practices" of Falun Gong — organizations should generally accept in good faith that a person practices a creed, unless there is significant reason to believe otherwise, considering the above factors. Further, when determining if a creed exists, it is not generally relevant to evaluate the quality, reasonableness, or scientific soundness of the belief system. While the Policy expands the definition of creed, it does affirm that the term has limits. To date, Ontario has not protected political belief or conviction (though it is

While Ontario 's Human Rights Code (the "Code" ) has always protected creed in the areas of employment, housing, contracts, services, and professional associations, it has never provided a deﬁnition of the term. Historically, the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario has focused on "creed" as a synonym for religion, and the Commission's previous policy on the subject — in place since 1996 — was entitled "Policy on creed and the accommodation of religious observances." Now, however, the Commission has

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possible that a comprehensive philosophical or political belief system could amount to a creed, or could intersect with a creed). Only creeds are protected, and not individual preferences of style or convenience. Human rights protections for creed do not extend to practices and observances that are hateful, that incite hatred or violence against other individuals or groups, or that contravene criminal law. The right to practice or express creed beliefs may also be limited when it interferes with other rights under the Code or the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the "Charter") . Employers will be required to ﬁnd accommodations for those claiming creedbased restrictions. As always, an employer's duty to accommodate a person's creed only extends up to the point of undue hardship, and the individual also bears responsibility for actively participating in the accommodation process. Examples Employers are required to accommodate those who wear religious attire, those with different days of rest, and those who have other religion-based restrictions or obligations. Similarly, employers are not permitted to engage in constructive discrimination through rules that appear neutral but have discriminatory effects, such as requiring a Rastafarian to shave and cut his hair to comply with a company dress code. The Code also protects against systemic discrimination: a company's regular gettogethers over drinks, seen as important networking and mentoring opportunities, effectively exclude those who do not drink alcohol for creed-related reasons. A failure to provide additional, more inclusive activities could be discriminatory. Now, these protections could extend to non-religious creed such as veganism. The Policy provides the following example of accommodating a person's creed-based food restrictions: Example: A person in a mental health

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

facility requires vegetarian food options, based on her creed. She is not allowed off the premises to ﬁnd appropriate food, and she is not able to prepare her own food. The facility has a duty to accommodate her creed-based food requirements up to the point of undue hardship by making appropriate food options available to enable her to stay at the facility. However, the Policy also places limits on this duty. It states, for instance, that "it is not discrimination if a steak house that only serves animal-based products does not accommodate a vegetarian patron... However, a restaurant that already offers vegetarian food options may be required to... [use] cooking utensils that have been cleaned and removed of any traces of meat, unless this can be shown to cause undue hardship." Other possible accommodation requests might include ﬁnding non-leather uniform options, granting exemptions from classroom animal dissections, or not holding important company meetings at meat-only restaurants. Ontario's new Policy is not entirely without precedent. In 2002, a federal inmate won the right to have a vegetarian meal in prison based on his conscientiouslyheld, non-religious moral beliefs — though this was based on a Charter challenge and the wording of the legislation governing corrective services. In Ontario, however, the issue had never been decided. In 2012, a student at Ryerson University argued that she had been discriminated against for

introducing animal rights issues into her academic work, and that her ethical veganism amounted to a creed. The application was dismissed on other grounds, though, and the Tribunal did not decide whether her creed rights had been engaged. Similarly, the Tribunal opted not to address the question of whether veganism could be a creed when dismissing an application against a housing co-op on the grounds it had no reasonable prospect of success. While the Commission's new Policy is not binding law, it is seen as authoritative in many cases before the Human Rights Tribunal. Employers should be aware of this updated approach to the meaning of "creed" in Ontario human rights law, and take steps to ensure their policies and practices are in line. Veganism has had a longer history than you might imagine. It could be said that there have always been vegans – people who have chosen to live as far as possible without the use of animal products. Often this was for religious or spiritual reasons. In more recent times, the original use of the word 'vegetarian' (in the 1830s) indicated a person who did not eat any animal products at all and who lived on a vegan and predominantly raw food diet. This early 'vegetarianism' extended to clothing and other aspects of life and was comparable to the idea of veganism that was established in 1944 when The Vegan Society was born.

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Science based business is to Commercialize Prospective Research: BLST

ndonesia as a developing country still makes the commodity economy and consumption as the basis for economic growth. Commodities were developed in Indonesia is still minimal touch technology that can provide added value. Most of the commodities are sold in the form of raw materials with little or process into semi-finished goods. Under these conditions the growth and economic sovereignty of Indonesia will be slow and likely to be regulated by states holder of technology, patents, and licenses. With the main function of the Science based business is to commercialize prospective Research. PT. Bogor Life Science and Technology (BLST) is a holding company of Bogor Agricultural University which is Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) whose business areas are based on science, service and asset which aim is to develop business based on corporate management which is holding the public benefit as the priority. BLST was established in November 2003 with aims to manage the assets of IPB so that it can provide benefits for IPB and Improve patterns of partnerships as well as grow and develop the soul IPB entrepreneurship academic community in order to form professionals with in the development and utilization of science and technology. BLST was established with the objectives of to manage and develop the assets of IPB for income generating purposes: To

promote entrepreneurship skills in IPB in order to produce professionals who are capable in the development and utilization of science and technology. Having mission of to develop science-base businesses in the area of agriculture, fisheries, forestry, food industry, biological materials and bio pharmacy; to develop innovative products in the area of agriculture, fisheries, forestry, food industry, biological materials and bio pharmacy; to provide consultancy, production, human resources, expertise and laboratory services in the area of agriculture, fisheries, forestry, food industry, biological materials and bio pharmacy. To fulfill the vision to be a science-base company; providing the best innovative products and services by the management of President Commissioner Dr Ir ARIF IMAM SUROSO, MScCS, Commissioner Prof Dr Ir ABDUL AZIZ DARWIS, MSc, and Prof Dr Ir IDING M. PADLINURJAJI with the President Director Dr Ir MEIKA SYAHBANA RUSLI, MScAgr & DirectorProf drh DONDIN SAJUTHI, PhD. The Vision of IPB is to become a research-based higher education of international standard and a prime mover of agriculture mainstreaming. Translating into the Mission to implement an excellent high education and comprehensive student development to produce competitive graduates with Indonesian characteristics; To conduct research for the development of science and technology which bring benefit to agrarian and maritime communities; To provide public services that promotes innovations in science and technology with entrepreneurial characteristics while maintaining the great values of the nation and preserving natural resources; To strengthen an effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable management system of higher education. The logo shows IPB growing as an education institute source of knowledge and technology and it will advance, grow and get well doing of college's tree obligation that based of five principles. The logo consists of text (Institut Pertanian Bogor), a five leaves tree and an open book which are all lined by a white circle on a blue background. Blue background means that IPB is all i n c l u s i v e science and technology: pics of opened book means IPB as a knowledge source. Circle means that there's no limit for knowledge, always developed and improved. Growed tree subs from the book means college's tree obligation, five leaves means first five faculties when IPB grew up and tree obligations based on five principles, called Pancasila.

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IPB'S yellow ag with logo of IPB based blue colour in the middle.Agriculture Faculty's Flag is green, Veterinary Medicine faculty's ag is violet, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty is blue,

Animal Husbandry Faculty is brown, Forestry Faculty is grey, Agricultural Technology is red, Math and Natural Science is white, Economy and Management is orange, Human Ecology is tosca green all have white IPB logo in the middle in every ag except Mathematics and Natural Science have a blue IPB logo in the middle. Based economy of science and technology is the backbone of the economy in the future. Science and technology have played an important role in economic development in the 21st century Developed countries now rests technology to foster economic growth. This is evident from the growth of giant corporations in the ﬁeld of technology that has worldwide such as Apple, Samsung, Google, Toyota, and others. To answer to the economic challenges ahead, IPB through PT BLST designing a concept of the area will be the center of research and innovation komersialiasasi. IPB Science Park is an area that managed to develop research results into the market products that have high added value.

successfully responded positively by the market, it will be managed industrial scale. In product development efforts with elements of science are very high required a fairly sophisticated laboratory equipment and qualified. During this time a lot of research and product analysis should be carried out abroad. With this facility, the research can be conducted in IPB Science Park with the support of a credible expert. Diversifikasi food is one program being a precondition of food security in Indonesia. Through diversification of food consumption is expected of religious communities, especially for staples. During Indonesia's staple food is rice. The level of consumption of rice in Indonesia reaches 130 kg per capita pertahuan. Rice consumption level is not proportional to the area of rice fields and harvests only 2.5 - 3 million tonnes per month.

IPB Regional Science Park has units of activities to support the objectives komersialiasasi innovation, among others: Pilot Plant unit is the production facility for testing the production of a ﬁnal product that has been produced in a laboratory. Medium-scale production conducted for the purpose of

examining the sustainability of the product and the market response. Products that will ﬁrst analog dikembankan are rice and corn noodles. Product research proceeds in labs are usually not ready to be marketed or still in prototype form. This business incubation role to prepare these products in the business. If the products are krishiduniya.com

In addition to the high consumption of rice, customs of the people of Indonesia in instant noodle consumption is also very high. Instant noodles that exists today almost everything is made from 100% wheat imported from abroad. Indonesia has not been able to produce wheat due to unfavorable climatic conditions. Health problems of instant noodles into the pros and cons in the community. Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) has spawned two innovations to participate in food diversiﬁcation efforts, namely maize and rice noodles analog. Both the food is made from corn. Corn as a staple SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

to transport fresh fruit bunch from the ﬁeld plantation to the collection road. Fastrex CT 02 is designed to replace the function of manual transporter called “angkong”. Fastrex CT 02 has 5 times bigger capacity than angkong which can carry up to 650 kg of FFB so it can increase the transport productivity. Not only designed with special track from metals this transporter also reliable in uneven and steeps areas and also lower the risk of the wheel to slip. This transporter has efﬁcient usage of fuel, up to 5-7 L/15 ha.

food for most of Indonesian people already displaced by the role of rice. With both of these expected to be an alternative food. To achieve the goal of maize and rice noodles popularize analog IPB appointed PT BLST as companies owned IPB to expand to commercial scale. The initial stage of the development will be carried out in pilot scale production unit with a view to testing the sustainability of production and the market response. Pilot Plant corn and rice noodle analog service in mid 2015. The unit has a production capacity of 200 kg / hour. For market development PT BLST open cooperation to the private sector and government agencies either as a buyer, distributor, or retailer.

During 2014-2015 Fastrex have been sold and used more than 100 unit in Indonesia. The CT 02 was displayed in the INAGriTECH 2016 in Jakarta, Indonesia 4th Agri Machinery Expo. Development of superior papaya directed at the performance of low crop (dwarf or dwarf). The aim is to facilitate the maintenance and harvesting. Moreover, the nature of the dwarf also allows the papaya plant can serve as an exotic ornamental plants. In addition to functioning as fruit trees, dwarf-sized papaya plants can also be used as an ornamental garden in the yard. For businesses, papaya plant that short could improve the efﬁcient use of labor and time, both maintenance and harvesting.

FASTREX CT 02 is a powerful transporter for forest and plantation areas. It has been designed as a transportation machine

Thus, the production cost can be minimized (Sujiprihati Suketi S and K 2010) Papaya Calina (IPB 9) is papaya discovered by Prof. Dr. Sriani Sujiprihati with superior papaya criteria which have the performance of harvesting of early maturing and stunted. Prof. Dr. Sriani and his team conducted breeding or breeding and conducting research and trials for seven years before ﬁnally giving birth varieties called Calina. by Chander Mohan

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DOUBLING THE “REAL” INCOME OF FARMERS IN INDIA BY 2022 What does this actually means, what will agriculture and the plight of its farmers. enable this, how feasible is this? India is still an agrarian economy and a single bad monsoon After battling to consecutive drought years, takes toll on entire economy by the grace of Almighty monsoon this year is Agriculture plays a vital role in India's economy. Over 58 per progressing normal. The buzz around farmers, cent of the rural households depend on agriculture as their farmers welfare and doubling the income seems principal means of livelihood in India. Agriculture along with to be picking up and rightly so! isheries and forestry, contributes to more than 16% of Gross Announcement in Union Budget

Domestic Product (GDP) of country. Having said this India still remains and agrarian economy and a single bad monsoon While presenting Union Budget 2016–17, the Union Finance Minister of India mentioned takes toll on entire economy and can completely derail the that one of the objectives of the Government of projected growth plan. India is to double the income of farmers by the However the growth in the agriculture sector in 2015-16 year 2022.This announcement was quite timely continued to be lower than the average of the last decade. Data and probably driven by the rising of agrarian suggests growth in farm income after 2011–12 has plummeted to distress and the two years of consecutive more than 1%, and has been reason for the sudden rise in drought situation country has faced. The intent agrarian distress in recent years. The 12th Five-Year plan (2012seems right, given the current state of India's 17) had targeted 4% growth rate, however the rate of growth of

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be doubled by adopting a multipronged approach which ef icient implementation framework. Doubling the real income of farmers by 2022, on sustainable basis by laying focus on following areas . 1. Doubling (2X) the productivity, yield and ef iciency in agriculture 2. Increasing area under irrigation to 60% including doubling (2X) the micro-irrigation program. 3. Double (2X) the low of “investment credit” to Agriculture Sector under a value chain approach. 4. Doubling (2X) the Agro processing and value addition services sector 5. Double (2X) the income by creating a framework for market driven remunerative farm gate price as also instituting suitable minimum support price mechanism to protect the interest of farmers. 6. Double (2X) the investment in allied activities like livestock, poultry, beekeeping and isheries 7. Double (2X) the agriculture market ef iciencies and curbing the number of existing intermediaries to half ( 1/2 X) by expediting Uni ied National Agriculture Market.

Agri GDP has been around 2% against the 4 %. If by any measure agriculture has to grow at 4 % during the the 12th Plan as projected, then Agriculture growth must accelerate to 8%, which means are going to miss on 12 plan by quite a long distance. Doubling the income of farmers by end of 13th Five year plan (2022)

To enable this "Agriculture needs to be liberated from traditional policy framework for it grow and prosper. Eﬀective implementation of policy initiatives will call for comprehensive reforms, will and strong public, private and people partnerships in the management of agriculture in India". The existing Public and Private sector investments, Government schemes and subsidies, if dovetailed eﬀectively and channelized ef iciently can make this a reality. The priorities may aligned according to farmer's needs, agro-climatic zones and area speci ic interventions.

While in the 12th Five Year plan we have seen the real farm incomes have plummeted as compared to previous decade, it not wishful thinking that incomes of farmers can What is real income of farmer which we wish to double? The Economic Survey 2016-17 revealed that average income of a farmer in Rs. 1,670 per month which can be doubled but does that mean that a farmer will getting remunerative price for farming. We need to understand in an agricultural household crop cultivation provides on an average provides 63% income and remaining comes from other sources. It is also important to recognize that sizeable proportion of small and marginal agriculture households who undertake cultivation, livestock activities and also have individual family members who are wage earners. krishiduniya.com

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It is therefore important to realize that in addition to cultivation there are other income sources like allied agriculture, means of wage earning that can contribute to doubling of income of agricultural households. Agriculture Credit – Need to focus on creation of productive assets One important question is how one can can double net investment in productive assets among the small and marginal agriculture household. It is important to

traditional policy framework for it grow and prosper. Eﬀective implementation of policy initiatives will call for comprehensive reforms, will and strong public, private and people partnerships in the management of agriculture in India. A sound Agriculture & inancial policy can bring lasting improvement in the country and can propel India to next Growth trajectory of 12%.

note that agriculture credit low during a period of 3 years from 2004-2007 and thereafter has shown signi icant growth. The projected institutional credit low to agriculture sector for year 2016-17 is Rs 900,000 crore ($135 Billion). Agriculture credit is the most critical non-land input for development of Agriculture. Credit Flow Policies to agriculture need to be more focused on capital investment in agriculture rather than just ensuring continuity of agriculture by crop loans. The multiple studies seem to suggest that the doubling of aggregate credit lows did not had any sizeable impact at the agriculture household level income as also in creating productive assets. It is important to recognize that the low of credit for short term ( crop loan for continuing agriculture) and for long term ( for creating assets and capital formation) will hold key to help farmers especially small and marginal to create productive assets that generate sustainable income.

It is important to realize that India is poised to overtake China to become the world's most populous nation by 2022, our farmers will have to gear up and toil harder to feed more than 140 billion mouths ( projected 2030), ploughing the same fragmented landholdings and depending on the water resources which are steadily depleting. Hope by 2022 our farmers should not be looking up to skies for our “survival”. While this will help address concerns on food and nutritional security, poverty alleviation, it shall give a major lip to Indian economy putting the country on growth of more than 10%. It's not just matter of farmer's income but a matter of survival, food and security of the country. We have no other choice but to gear up! It's feasible with concerted eﬀorts from all quarters. We can make this happen.

For a sustainable, inclusive and preferred future!

Is it wishful? Is it achievable? Given the series of initiatives and reforms doubling the real incomes of agricultural households is not a mere wishful thought. It is doable and has to be an area of top priority. Agriculture needs to be liberated from

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Manoj Rawat, Group Executive Vice President & Head, Agribusiness Group RBL Bank, Mumbai, India mkrawat@gmail.com

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AGRONOMIC CONSTRAINTS AND STRATEGIES FOR HIGHER BAJRA PRODUCTION

earl millet [(Pennisetum glaucum(L) R. Emend Stuntz] is a C4 plant and major nutritious coarse grain millet well adopted for hot and arid regions of the world and it have place of prominence. Its tolerance to drought, heat and soil salinity along with its higher water use efficiency makes it a climate-smart crop. It is still a dependable cereal gives sufficient energy to the field workers at a very low cost and a major source of dietary energy for a large number of peoples. Thus it is called “Poorman's food'. The pearlmillet grains have a biological value similar to wheat and rice and impart substantial energy to body. Its nutritive values designated pearlmillet as 'nutri-cereals' and are excellent nutritious food for those who are habituated to this food. It is used mainly as whole, cracked or ground our, dough, or grain-like rice. It is used for making

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fermented breads, foods and thick porridges, steam cooked dishes, nonalcoholic beverages and snacks also. It provides feed to large number of animals and grown for silage and hay purposes. Crop residue and green plants provide building materials for fencing, thatching and making baskets. Millets are easy to digest, contain a high amount of lecithin and are excellent for strengthening the nervous system. Its cultivation in general conﬁned to poor and marginal lands with no or very less supply of costly inputs like improved cultivars, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals as compared to crops like rice, maize, sorghum etc. of the same season. Being a drought evading crop, it can cut short of its life cycle and comes to owering and is having the characteristics of maturity within 40 to 60% of its actual life cycle period.

Production Statistics: In India alone, 90% of the world and in Rajasthan 45 % of country's total pearlmillet is grown. In Rajasthan, it is grown on 5.02 m ha of area (only 2% area is under irrigation) with a production of 4.59 mt while it is grown on 8.78mha (only 8.5% area is under irrigation) with a production of 10.28mt as a country as whole (Agricultural Statistics at a glance 2013, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Directorate of Economics and Statistics). The other states like Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra grow pearlmillet but their contribution is less than 1.0 lakh ha., individually. The cropping intensity is less than 120 % in pearlmillet growing districts in the state. Similarly the lower productivity as compared to other cereals in view of exclusion of costly inputs due to krishiduniya.com

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Lokesh Kumar Jain Assistant Professor (Agronomy) College of Agriculture, Sumerpur 306902 (Pali)-Rajasthan Email: jainlokesh74@gmail.com

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rowing plants can be complicated enough, but some technical terms can make growing plants even more confusing. The terms hybrid seeds and non-hybrid seeds are two of these terms. These terms are especially confusing due to a rather heated political debate that is occurring around these terms. Read on to learn more about what are hybrid seeds and non-hybrid seeds. What are Hybrid Seeds? Hybrid seeds are produced by companies through careful pollination of two speciﬁc varieties. Normally, this highly selective plant breeding is done to bring together two traits in each of the chosen varieties so that the resulting seed has both of the traits. Advertisement So, for example, one tomato plant may be very drought tolerant and another tomato plant produces vigorously, the two plants might be cross pollinated to produce a drought tolerant tomato plant that produces a lot of tomatoes. Plants grown from hybrid seeds typically do not produce seeds that can be used to grow the same type of plants, and can even produce seeds that will not grow at all. Though the term “hybrid seeds” is often used in relation to vegetables, any kind of plant

NON-HYBRID SEEDS AND HYBRID SEEDS that produces seeds can be bred into a hybrid variety. What are Non-Hybrid Seeds? Non-hybrid seeds are also called open pollinated seeds or heirloom seeds. Non-hybrid seeds come from plants that are naturally pollinated. Some of these varieties have been around for centuries. Non-hybrid seeds will produce plants whose seeds will produce more plants that look the same as the parent plant. Should I Use Hybrid Seeds or Non-Hybrid Seeds? Despite the debate on the Internet as to whether you should use hybrid seeds or not, this is actually a personal question for a gardener. Both hybrid seeds and nonhybrid seeds have their pros and cons. The positives for hybrid seeds are that they tend to perform better in your garden in terms of more fruits and vegetables produced, more plants surviving disease and pests and more owers. For a gardener, this can mean an increased return for all the time spent in caring for a garden. The negatives for hybrid seeds are that they tend to be more expensive to buy due to the specialized pollination process and the seeds you collect from them will not grow the same plant next year and, in some cases, have been bred so that no plant at all can grow from the seeds of a hybrid plant. The positives for non-hybrid seeds is that they come in a wonderful variety. For example, with tomato plants, there are literally thousands of non hybrid varieties that you can try and each have their own look and avor. Because of the cost and time involved in producing hybrid seeds, there are only a few dozen varieties, so your choices are limited. With non-hybrid seeds, you can also collect seeds from the plant and use them again next year to grow the same variety of plant. The negatives for nonhybrid seeds is that they are not as well rounded as hybrid seeds. Many non-hybrid seeds are much more susceptible to disease and pests than their hybrid counterparts. They also tend not to produce nearly as much as hybrid seeds do. Which is right for you depends on what you would like out of your garden. Consider carefully which type of seed is best for you. -By Heather Rhoades

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INTRODUCTION Strawberry (Fragaria sp.) is one of the most important soft fruits of the world. The botanical name of strawberry Fragaria X ananassa cv. Dutch, chromosome number 2n=56, manmade hybrid and its native North America. The Important cultivated species ar e F.vesca L (Wood Strawberry), F.viridis, F.nubicola. The name strawberry was derived from the berries that are strewn about on the plants, and strewn berry eventually became strawberry. The fresh strawberry fruits are rich in vitamins and minerals. The berries are non-fat and low in calories, rich in vitamin-C, potassium, folic acid, ďŹ ber and vitaminB6.The fruits are canned and shipped in frozen conditions in western countries. Over history, the strawberries have been used in medicines. Commercial cultivation began in earnest in the early part of the 19th century. In india, a few plants of strawberry were brought in the early sixties by

strAWBErrY A High value Nutritious fruit crop 34

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NBPGR Region Station, Shimla, from where it spread to other states. The strawberry is commercially grown on large scale in Europe and North America. In India commercial production is possible in temperate and sub-tropical areas of the country.

climate. It is a short day plant, which requires exposure to about 10 days of less than 8 hours sunshine for initiation of owering. In winter, the plants do not make any growth and remain dormant. For strawberry cultivation the temperature mainted at nearly 25˚C.

Taxonomy/Botany The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch), a hybrid between the Scalet or Virginia strawberry (F.virginiana Duch.) and the pistillate South American F.Chiloensis (L.) Duch.,and it is an octaploid having chromosome number (2n) of 56. Strawber r y plants ar e per ennial, stoloniferous herbs, meaning that they spread via stolons or runners. The leaves are trifoliate and arise from the crown. Flowers are white, about 1 across, with 25-30 yellow stamens and 50-500 pistils on a raised, yellow, conical receptacle. Most cultivars are self-pollinated and therefore do not need cross pollination for fruit set. The strawberry is an accessory fruit, since the edible portion is non-ovarian in origin.

Soil

Area and Production In India, Strawberry is commercially grown in plains mainly for fruits and in hills for raising planting material production. The major growing states in India are Jammu and Kashmir, HP, Haryana and UP, Uttarakhand. A round 30 hectares being taken up Lucknow,Saharampur,Muzaffarnagar, Meerut,Ghaziabad in UP. Its main center of cultivation are Nainital and Dehradun in Uttarakhand. In recent years strawberry is being cultivated successfully in plains of Maharastra (Mahabaleshwar) around Pune, Nasik and Sangali towns. This year around 3,000 acers have been planted and the yield was expected to touch 30,000 tonnes.(According to database 20142015 in indiaagronet.com). The Panchgan Mahabaleshwar belt contributes around 85% of the total production in the country. AGRO-PRACTICES Climate Strawberry thrives best in temperate krishiduniya.com

Strawberry requires a well-drained medium loam soil, rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic with pH from 5.7 to 6.5. At higher pH root formation is poor. Important cultivars/varieties of strawberry Strawber ries come in a wide assortantment of commercially available cultivars(cultivated varieties).Many different cultivars have been developed at the University of Califor nia(Davis campus).Almost all the Strawberries are cultivars of Fragaria X ananassa. Frel (Pink panda) and Samba (Red ruby) are bigeneric hybrids, grown mainly for their ower colour rather than their fruit using a closely related species (Potentilla palustris) to introduce pink or red colouration to the owers. The cultivar Fragaria X ananassa 'Variegata' is grown mainly for the decorative qualities of its variegated foliage. A large number of varieties are available. For the hilly areas, varieties Royal Sovereign, Srinagar and Dilpasand are suitable. Some of the introductions from California, such as Torrey, Toiga and Solana may prove even more successful. Pusa Early Dwarf which has dwarf plants. Another variety with rich aroma but softer fruits is Katrain Sweet. Some important varieties are, Torrey It is tolerance to viruses and produce numerous runners. Fruits are large, dessert quality excellent and processing quality good. Average weight of the fruit 6.9 g, TSS 12˚B, acidity 0.97% and sugar 6.1%.

Tioga It is an early maturing cultivar and tolerant to viruses. Fruits very large, dessert and processing quality good. Average weight of the fruit 9 g, TSS 12.2˚B, acidity 0.98% and sugar 6.2%. Chandler Fruit is of exceptionally high dessert quality with outstanding colour and avour. It is very resistant to physical damages caused by rain and tolerant to viruses. Fruits very large, it is suitable to fresh market and processing. Average weight of the fruit 15-18 g, TSS 12˚B, vitamin-c 55.5mg/100g, acidity 0.85% and sugar 6.1%. Pajaro It is very successfull under summer system and tolerant to viruses and it is quite susceptible to physical damages caused by rain. Fruits large esh very firm, average weight of the fruit 7.6 g, TSS 12.2˚B, acidity 0.97% and sugar 5.5%. Sweet Charlie It is a short day, early fruiting variety and grows in relatively mild winters. Fruits are wedge shaped, orange colour and distinctly sweet avour. Average weight of the fruit 17 g, TSS 7˚B, acidity 0.66% and moderately firm and high ascorbic acid. Seed treatment The treatment of seeds with sulphuric acid orGA3 thiourea is also known to break the seed dormancy and facilitaties better germination. Propagation Strawberry can be propagated through seed and vegetative means. Propagation by seed is not considered suitable as the seedlings are not true-totype is commercially propagated by runners. Seed propagation A single berry produces thousands of seeds, which are very small and require stratification for a certain period at a recommended temperature (2˚C to 6.5˚C for 2-4 weeks) for better germination. SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

Vegetative propagation Propagation is done by means of runners that are formed after the blooming season. The plants may be allowed to set as many runners as possible but not allowed to set any fruits. Given the best attention and care, a single plant usually produces 12 to 18 runners. For large scale propagation of virus-free plants tissue culture is widely used. Land preparation The soil is ploughed during summer with a soil turning plough which is followed by repeated ploughing to make soil friable, remove weeds and stubbles. The roots of strawberry are conﬁned in the top 40cm of the surface therefore soil should be fertible and friable. Soil fumigation with a mixture of methyl bromide and chloropicrin helps to increase root system, reduce fertilizer requirement and control weeds. Liberal quantities of organic manure should be incorporated in the soil before plating. Planting/Sowing

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The planting distance should be 45 cm from plant to plant and 60 to 75 cm. from row to row. In the hills, transplanting is done in March-April and plains is done in September-October. Strawberry can be planted on at beds, in the form of hill row or matted rows or can be planted on raised beds of 4x4 meters. The soil around the plant should be ﬁrmly packed to exclude air. Care of young plants The roots of strawberry plants spread out close to the surface. Therefore, the soil should be well supplied with moisture, and hoeing should be done lightly and young plantation be kept weed free. Special practices In cold climate the soil is covered with a mulch in winter to protect the roots from cold injury. The mulch keeps the fruits free from soil, reduces decay of fruits, conserves soil moisture, lowers soil temperature in hot weather, several kinds of mulches are used but commonest one is straw mulch. The name of strawberry has

been derived from this fact. It saves irrigation water, prevents the growth of weeds and keep the soil temperature high. Water management Since strawberry is relatively shallow-rooted, it is susceptible to conditions of drought. However, in this case it is necessary to ensure that newly planted runners are irrigated frequently after planting, During September and October, irrigation should be given twice a week if there is no rain. It may be reduced to weekly intervals during November. In December and January, irrigation may be given once every fortnight. When fruiting starts, the irrigation frequency may should again be increased. At this stage frequent irrigation gives larger fruits. Manures and Fertilizers Strawberry requires moderate amounts of nitrogen. Addition of organic matter to the soil, in the form of 50 tons of Farm Yard manure per hectare is highly desirable. Farm yard manure may be

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*G. Sudha, **Saravanan .S, ***Deepak lall *Research Scholar , **Assistant Prof., ***SRF-Horticulture Department of Horticulture, Allahabad School of Agriculture Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad (U.P) India -211007 Email: sudha.horti49@gmail.com

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earl millet possesses inherent capability to survive under extreme high temperature. Therefore it is widely distributed in arid zone and semiarid tropics. Measure pearl millet growing states are Rajasthan (48%) followed by Maharastra (18%), Gujarat (10%), U. P. (9%), Haryana (6%), Karnataka (4%), Tamilnadu (2%), Madhya Pradesh (2%) and Andhra Pradesh (1%) in terms of area dispersal. Pearl millet cultivation is dispersed mainly during kharif (Rainy) season across the country. It is also grown to a lesser extent during Rabi (post rainy) season in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Pondychery states. Summer pearl millet is popular in Gujarat state with very high yield exceeding 2 tons per ha. With excellent grain quality. It is also grown in summer season in Peninsular India for grain purposes and in Punjab, Rajasthan and

Uttar Pradesh states predominantly for fodder purposes. The productivity of Pearl millet is highest in Tamilnadu followed by Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Haryana which have recorded more than one ton/ha productivity. The productivity of remaining states is less than a ton lower being in Rajasthan (507 kg/ha) followed by Karnataka (614 kg/ha), Maharastra (677 kg/ha) and Andhra Pradesh 874 kg/ha. The productivity imbalance in Pearl millet is due to no rains/ erratic rains in Rajasthan, Karnataka and Maharastra states.Apart fr om downy mildew (Scler ospora graminicola); ergot (Cleviceps fusiformis), smut (Tolyposporium penicillariae) and rust (Puccinia penniseti) are important diseases of pearl millet, which inuenced the crop productivity. 1. Downy mildew - Downy mildew also known as `green ear' disease of pearl

millet caused by the fungus Sclerospora graminicola is the most widespread and destructive disease. This disease appears in two distinct stages i.e. (i) downy mildew stage on leaves, where whitish downy growth of the fungus on the lower surface of the diseased leaves appear ed, systemically infected seedlings usually have chlorotic leaves and at times can be highly stunted, (ii) gr een ear stage on inoresence, where, the oral parts become leafy in appearance. Primary infection of the downy mildew disease in ﬁeld can start from two sources, oospores (in soil, plant residues and on seed surface), and mycelium in the embryo. Development of the disease is favoured by 20 to 23 C, RH above 90% and dew for 2 to 3 hours. The infected seedlings produce millions of sporangia which subsequently become air borne and cause secondary infection of the crop in the seedling stage,

Major Diseases of

PEARL MILLET AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

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Role Of Pheromones in

INSECT MANAGEMENT S

emiochemicals can be defined as chemicals emitted by living organisms (plants, insects, etc.) that induce a behavioral or a physiological response in other individuals. Chemicals regulating insect behavior are collectively called semiochemicals. The wor d 'semiochemical' is from greek origin 'semeion' meaning 'signal' and could be defined as “chemicals emitted by living organisms (plants, insects, etc.) that induce a behavioral or a physiological response in other individuals”. Semiochemicals are divided into two broad categories which are interspecific (Allelochemicals) and intraspecific (Pheromones) in their action. Pheromones are exocrine secretions of insects which are used for communication among different individuals of the same species. Pheromones are categorised into sex, aggregation, alarm, trial and social pheromones. Pheromones chemicals secreted into the external environment by an animal which elicit a specific reaction in a receiving individual of the same species. Using pheromones helps to understand factors that regulate systems, monitoring insect populations, maintaining good records and using this information to make sound management decisions .Common male sex pheromone pr oducing families ar e Anobiidae, Bruchidae and Dermestidae and female sex pheromone producing families are Bostrichidae, Cucujidae, Curculionidae, and Tenebrionidae. Types of pheromones 1.

Aggregation pheromones: compounds that incr ease the

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concentration of insects at the pheromone source. E X : Tr i b o l i u m c a s t a n e u m , Oryzaephilus surinamensis 2.

Alarm pheromones: compounds that stimulate insects escape or defense behavior. EX: Aphids

Territorial pheromones: Which are secreted by males of some species and attracts both male and female for demarcate the territory for foraging activity. EX: Bumble bee, Carpenter bee

Sex pheromones : compounds that help individuals of the opposite sex to ﬁnd each other. EX: Trogoderma granarium

5. Trail marking pheromones: Found in social insects, compounds used by workers to mark the way to a food

sour ce, for example Marking pheromones compounds used by insects to mark the boundaries of a territory. EX: Ants, Termites Sex pheromones Sex pheromones are generally produced by females of a species to attract males of the same species for mating. Sex pheromones compose individual chemical molecules or speciﬁc blend of many compounds in a deﬁnite ratio. The most studied, and used in IPM, sex pheromones that are emitted by lepidopteran species and other insect orders in which sex pheromones have been detected so far are Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, hymonrptera. Hemiptera, Nueroptera and Mecoptera. Pheromonal communication system consists of Pheromone production, medium and Pheromone receptors. Biological activity of

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Pheromones is determined by ﬁeld tests for male attraction, laboratory tests for sexual excitement or short range orientation behavior and electr o antemogram responses. Pheromones are used in IPM strategies in different ways viz., monitoring through trap catch, killing through mass trapping, mating disruption and attracticide (lure and kill) methods. Generally a high rate of pheromone emission will produce an increase in trap catch, although at some high rates, performance behaviours may be diminished. Management of insect pests by using sex pheromones 1. Monitoring: Pheromone traps in stored insect management can be used to detect both the presence and the density of pests. They are useful to deﬁne areas of pest infestation, particularly where the overall distribution and life cycle are poorly understood. Their purpose is to achieve a more accurate control and to limit the usage of insecticides only when strictly necessary. Pheromone traps are generally effective when pest numbers are very low and so they can be used qualitatively to provide an early warning of pest incidence. To successfully capture attracted pest insects, a trap has to be escape-proof, this can be achieved by a sticky surface to which the trapped insects become irreversibly attached or by some kind of funnel or pitfall systems (Barak et al., 1990). Designs of traps for moths (Ephestia spp., Plodia interpunctella, Sitotroga cereallella, etc.) and beetles (Cryptolestes spp., Lasioderma, O r y z a e p h i l u s s p p . , Pr o s t e p h a n u s tr uncatus, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus spp., Stegobium paniceum, Tribolium spp., Trogoderma spp., etc.) infesting stored-products have been developed, generally on an empirical basis. A list of the factors, known to affect trap catch, that should be addressed during the design, execution and reporting of trapping studies, was reported (Wright and Cogan, 1995). Typical recommendations are provided for the placement of a grid-work of traps and their monitoring for the krishiduniya.com

capture of insects at regular time intervals. Optimization of traps and lures will allow the realization of new computer-based methods aimed at the organization and interpretation of data and will make it easier to face pest attacks properly. 2. Mass trapping: In the case of femaleproduced sex pheromones only males are trapped. Hence, any attempt to suppress the population by trapping males would require a sufficient number of trapped males so that nearly all females would go unmated. Theoretical considerations of mass-trapping males take into account the density of males in the population and the potential number of matings a male is able to secure in its lifetime. If a male can mate with ten females in a lifetime, as is the case for Plodia interpunctella, then up to 90% of the male population can be trapped without affecting the number of mated females as well as the subsequent larval generation. Under high population levels the rate of female encounters would be high and mass trapping more difficult to achieve. However, under low population levels males would locate females less frequently and intensive trapping could conceivably reduce male populations to biologically significant levels. 3 Attracticide: The attracticide (or lure and kill) concept-based method involves using a pheromone to lure insects to a specific point source or an area whereby they contact a toxicant which causes a rapid kill or contamination with some kind of pathogen. This method is in some way analogous to mass-trapping, although many more insects are affected because the attracticide is broadcast over a large area and the killing effect is not limited to individual traps. In the protection of stored-products there are many promising results on the use of the attracticide concept in our mills and

confectionary industries in the control of E. kuehniella and E. cautella. 4. Mating disruption: The mechanisms involved in mating disruption may consist of one or a combination of any of the following: the constant exposure of the insect to a relatively high level of pheromone leads to the adaptation of the antennal receptors; a sufﬁciently high background level of the applied pheromone masks the natural pheromone plumes; the synthetic plume pheromone is applied in a relatively large number of discrete sources. The limitations and theoretical bases of mating disruption are similar to those for masstrapping of males. Several successful experiments have been reported in mating disruption of E. cautella and P. interpunctella both in the laboratory and in simulated ﬁeld situation, and E. kuehniella in a food industry. Other mating inhibitory compounds are known for Coleoptera L. serricorne and S. paniceum. However, mating disruption is a potentially effective pheromone based control method for storage insects and requires further considerations, more data is necessary in or der to r educe the quantity of pheromones used and the risk of their residues in food.

*D. N. Kambrekar, Aruna J. and Prashant Natikar Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 Karnataka *Email: kambrekardn@uasd.in

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Introduction Phalsa (GrewiaasiaticaL.) also known as “Star apple”, is a subtropical fruit native to India, belongs to family Tiliaceae. This family has about 41 genera and 400 species, which are mostly distributed in the tropical and sub – tropical region of the world. It is commercially grown in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Bihar. Its cultivation is favoured around big cities where fruits ﬁnd a read and quick sale. Regarding keeping quality, it is highly perishable in nature. It may be grown as an intercrop with Mango, Aonla, Bael and Ber. Phalsa is a bushy plant and can be grown in kitchen garden also. Phalsa is good crop for arid and semi – arid regions because of its hardy nature and capacity to tolerate high temperature and even grown under prolonged dry spell with little care. It is bushy in nature and bears small berry like fruit of deep reddish brown colour. As being a sub – tropical fruits its owers in the month February and the fruit ripen by the end of April and continue till mid ofJune. Phalsa is 'deciduous' in habit in northern India and sheds its leaves during winter season, which makes it capable of withstand in the frost ConditionPhalsa produces fruits in clusters in the axils of leaves of the young shoots. It is one of the hardiest fruit crop with regard to the attack of insect pest and diseases. Phalsa can tolerate up to 440C high temperature which favoursin ripening of the fruits. Phalsa start fruiting after second year of its plantation and thus the growers can obtained much income returns.Ripe fruits are sub acidic and good source of vitamin A and vitamin C they are also fair source of phosphorus and iron. Fruits contain 5060% juice 10-11% sugar and 202.5% acid.The fruits are used for making excellent juice and squash, it is also used as table fruit for children. Origin and Distribution Phalsa is native to india.it is grown on about 300 hectares in india.which are mostly distributed in the tropical and sub – tropical region of the world. It is commercially grown in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Bihar. Its cultivation is favoured around

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

PHALSA

A High value underutilised minor fruit big cities where fruits ﬁnd a read and quick sale. Regarding keeping quality, it is highly perishable in nature. It may be grown as an intercrop with Mango, Aonla, Bael and Ber. Botanical Description The genus grewia has about 140 species, out of which about 40 occur in india. One of most important plant of this genus which yield edible fruit is phalsa(Grewiaasiatica).it isbelongs to The family Tiliaceae. And chromosome no.2n=18.This family has about 41 genera and 400 species, Thephalsa is a decious bush and when unpruned can grow in to a tree up to 10 meter or more with a trunk nearly 30 cm in diameter.leaves are 7.5-15 cm long, dull green colour.the leave venetion is reticulate, multistate and divergent.petioles 1.5 to 2 cmlong.there are 2-7 peduncles and a peduncle has 3-6 pedicellate yellow ower in auxillary cluster. Generally the ower are hermaphrodite. A normal ower has 4-5 sepal, 45 petal, 70-8- free stamens and fully developed gynoecium. The phalsa fruit is drupe, globose in shape and pea sized it is redor purple in colour, is indistinctly lobed and has 1-2 seed in it. Importance and Its Uses Nutritional Value of Phalsa Phalsa is grown as a bushy plant. it has several nutritive values while fulﬁll the availability of nutritional value of human body.It containsCalories (Kcal)90.5,Calories from krishiduniya.com

thirst and burning sensation, remove biliousness, cure inammation, heart and blood disorders and fevers. The fruit is also good against trouble. The bark is used as a demulcent. It cures urinary troubles and relieves burning in the vagina.

relieve pain. 

Burning Of Eyes, Urine, Chest, Stomach and Sour eructations Drinking phalsa sherbet daily relieves.

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Weak Heart - Take 50 ml phalsa juice. Add a pinch of rock salt and a pinch of black pepper powder. Mix well. Add powdered candy sugar or sugar to taste. Stir well. Drink for relief.

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Weakness Of Stomach. Nausea, Vomiting, Stomach Pain - To phalsa juice add little rose water and sugar to taste. Drink daily.

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Brain Weakness - Drink 50 ml phalsa juice everyday.

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R e s p i r a t o r y Tr o u b l e s , C o l d Weather Troubles And Hiccups Warm a little phalsa juice. Add a little ginger juice and rock salt. Drink. It removes accumulated phlegm and cures the above diseases.

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Burning During Urination - Take 25 gmsphalsa, 5 gmsAmla powder, 10 gms black grapes and 10 gms dates. Grind all of them, except amla powder, coarsely. Soak all the ingredients in water at night. The next morning add 20 gms sugar. Stir well. Strain the water. Divide this water into 2 equal parts. Take 1 part in the morning and 1 part in the evening.Take a diet of milk, clariﬁed butter, fruits and sweet things. Stop all food that produces heat in the body. This will remove all burning sensations of the eyes, vaginal, anal, burning during urination or any other. It also cures excessive bleeding during menses. Keeps the brain cool.

Medicinal Uses of Phalsa

fat (Kcal)0.0,Moisture (%)76.3, Fat (g)<0.1,Protein (g)1.57,Carbohydrates (g)21.1,Dietary Fiber (g)5.53,Ash (g)1.1,Calcium (mg)136,Phosphorus (mg)24.2,Iron (mg)1.08,Potassium (mg)372,Sodium (mg)17.3,Vitamin A (µg)16.11,Vitamin B1,Thiamin (mg)0.02,Vitamin B2, Riboavin (mg)0.264,Vitamin B3, Niacin (mg)0.825,Vitamin C, Ascorbic acid (mg)4.385.

Phalsa tree is mainly grown for its fruits. However all parts of the phalsa tree have general as well as medicinal uses.An infusion of the bark is used to treat diar r hea and r elieve pain and in rheumatism. The bark relieves urinary troubles and relieves vaginal burning.The leaves relieve all types of inammations of the skin like cuts, burning, boils, eczema. Just make a paste of previously soaked leaves in water (soaked a night before). Apply this paste on the affected area. The leaves are antibiotic in action.In arthritic and rheumatic pains the root bark is used for relief.The oil produced from the seeds is used to treat reproductive disorders.The fruit, leaves, bark, roots and root bark are all used for medicinal purposes, and in Ayurvedic medicine it is also used as and aphrodisiac and a cooling tonic. The fruit peel has the highest antioxidant activity followed by the pulp and then the seeds. The fruits also offer radiation protection. The leaves also exhibit antioxidant activity. Other Uses of Phalsa

Phalsa contain Delphinidin -3glucoside and cyaniding-3-glucosidefrom the peel of ripe phalsa fruits. The air dried phalsa seed contains 7.2 % oil, rich in linoleic acid (51.7 % w/w) and also contains small amounts of palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, linolenic and arachidic acids. Dhawan et al. (1993) revealed the presence of sucrose and fructose in both tall and dwarf types, whereas glucose was present only in the fruits of tall type.

The bark is used in the reﬁning of sugar and for making ropes. The fresh leaves act as a fodder for cattle while they are also applied on pustular skin eruptions. The wood is used to make poles, archer bows, spear handles. The bark is used in the gur (brown sugar) making process to purify the sugar cane juice from which it is made; this is because the bark is mucilaginous. The leaves are used as cattle fodder. The branches are used to make baskets for transporting vegetables and fruits, as a fuel and the wood is used to make the archer's bow, spears, handles, poles etc.

Medicinal properties

Some Speciﬁc Uses of Phase

According to Ayurveda, the ancient Indian treatise on medicine, the fruits are cooling, tonic and aphrodisiac, they allay

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Chemical Composition

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Stomach Pain - Roast 3 gms carom seeds. Add 25 to 30 ml phalsa juice. Stir and warm this a bit. Drink to

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Tall type- plant height is 4.5m , and fruit size is 2.07cm and weighting 0.48g, average yield per bush is 5.6 kg. Pulp is 81.5%, juice 5.4%, TSS 14% and acidity 4.64% . Dwarf type- plant height is 3.4m , and fruit size is 2.26cm and weighting 0.54g, average yield per bush is 3.5 kg. Pulp is 60.3%, juice 34.6%, TSS 12.1% and acidity 3.63% . Propagation

Agro- Technique Climate Phalsa can be grown all over the country except at higher altitudes. It relish distinct winter and summer for best growth, yield and quality. In regions having no winter, the plant doesn't shed leaves and produce ower more than once, thus yield poor quality fruits. Full-grown plants can tolerate freezing temperature for a short period. The plants can tolerate as high as 45OC-49OC.high temperature during fruit development favours ripening of fruit. At owering time, clear weather is needed, whereas rains at the time affect fruit setting adversely. Soil Phalsa can be grown on a wide variety of soils even on moderately sodic soils. It grows well in well-drained loamy soils.The plant is sensitive to water logging, which makes it chlorotic.soils which have poor sub surface drainage and water logged should not be selected for commercial cultivation of Phalsa. The ideal soil for growing phalsa is the rich loamy type.soil pH should be 6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic) best for phalsa cultivation. It can also be successfully grown in earn inferior and marginal land. Varieties There are no improved varieties of phalsa. Some local selections – local and Sharbati are popular. However, Haryana agricultural university, Hisar has recognized two distinct types Tall and Dwarf. Dwarf type is commonly grown. It is quite productive.

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Phalsa is commercially propagated through seeds. it is the most easiest ,common and simple method of propagation. But now a day it can also Propagation by cuttings (hard wood) and layers and simple layering is also possible with the help of growth regulators (IBA 2500 ppm –3,000 ppm). Propagation through cuttings-the phalsa plant can aslo be multiplied through hard wood cutting. The cutting should be prepaired during December to January and keep for callusing. The use root promoting har monce such as indole butyric acid@100PPm inhance the success of rooted cutting. Nursery management-For raising the phalsa seedlings in a nursery bed large size purple black colour fruit are collected when the crop is ready to harvest in the end of may month or beginning of june. After extracting the value added product of phalsa like juice, nector, squash, etc from the fruit the after the extracting the seed of phalsa should be washed and dried under shade. These seeds are sown in raised beds when there is sufficient in humidity in the atmosphere . rainy season (july- august) is best time of showing of seed . the seed on raised beds are sown in lines which are 1015 cm apart from each other in the rows. The seed should be sown 4-5cm apart and 1.5-2cm deep. The seeds should be covered with sand or light soil mixed with well rooted and dry FYM. Field Preparation Land is prepared well before the plants are set in the field. Pits of size 50cm3 are dug and re- filled with a mixture of top soil and well rotten FYM in the ratio of 1:1.Eight to twelve months old seedlings

are better for planting in the field. Phalsa plants should preferably transplant in the field during January-February before they start new growth. Phalsa plants can be planted at a distance of 1.5 to 2.0m from plant to plant and 3.0 to 4.0m from row to row. Phalsa is well suited for close planting. Increase in plant density may increase the yield.The plants can be planted at 2x2m apart in square system accommodating 2500 plants per hectare. Planting The Phalsa plants are spaced at various distance in different regions of india. 8 to 12 month old seedling are better for planting in the field. The plant are spaced at 1.5 metres apart by which 4400 plant are accommodated in one hectare by the square system of planting. phalsa plant should preferably be transplanted in the field during January- February before the start new growth. The plant being dormant at the time, they can be lifted from nursery with ware roots. Nutrient requirement or Manuring Generally, phalsa is planted on compratively poor soils. The fruits are borne on new growth; hence application of fertilizer definitely encourages vegetative growth. phalsa plants require about @ 10-15 tann of well rotten FYM, soon after planting. higher yield of phalsa can be obtained by application of 100Kg N, 40 Kg P205 and 25Kg K20, per hectare. Trials at Rajasthan agriculture university, Udaipur revealed that application of NPK@ 100, 40, 25 Kg per hectare gave higher yield. Nitrogenous fertilizers should be applied preferably in two split doses one at the time of owering and second after fruit setting @ 1 kg of CAN or Ammonium sulphateper bushis recommended. Zinc and iron were found to inuence berry size and juiciness in phalsa. Therefore ZnS04@ 0.4 % at problem stage and after berry set improved the juice content. Ferrous sulphate@0.4% along or in combination with Zn improved the berry size. Water management Phalsa is drought tolerant crop but irrigation is essential for higher yield of krishiduniya.com

quality fruits. First irrigation is needed in February after application of fertilizers. Irrigation during summer (March-April) at 2-3 weeks interval is desirable. No irrigation may be applied during rainy season and in dormancy stage. Adequate supply of irrigation water at regular intervals specially during owering and fruiting period is very essencial for profitable yield. Flowering and Fruiting (Blooming) Flowering in phalsa starts from February-March and continues till May. The first ower to open is at the base. The owers are borne in the axils of the leaves. The ower are mostly cross pollinated and honey- bee seems to play major role in pollination. the ower bud became plumpy before anthesis. The first sign of anthesis is the appearance of a slit in sepal at the base of the bud. the widens and at first only one sepal falls apart. the dehiscence in phalsa before the owers are completely open. Training and Pruning The Phalsa fruit is borne in clusters in the axil of leaves on the new growing shoots produced during the current season.Annual pruning is therefore very essential to have new vigorous shoots to ensure regular and heavy fruiting.Phalsa plant is allowed to develop as a bush; hence, no initial training is practiced. Both severe and very light pruning affect the crop yield.The desirable height of pruning varies from 50-100cm from ground level.The best time for their pruning is during December-January, when the plants have shed their leaves and in all cases the operation should be finished well before the start of the new growth. Insect Pests and Diseases

Mango mealy bug has been reported to cause severe damage to phalsa by seriously affecting the fruit setting. It can be controlled by spraying with 0.04% Diazinon or Monocroto- phos. 

It is a polyphagous pest which damages the plant by making tunnels in the main branches or trunk. The affected plant part dries after sometime, due to the girdling effect. It is usually found in neglected orchards. This pest can easily be controlled by injecting kerosene oil or petrol in the holes by plugging the mouth with mud. This operation can be performed once 10 a year at prurnngtIme. 

Phalsa is free from serious pests. However, about 18 insect pests have been recorded feeding on phalsa. Out of these only three are of economic importance and are discussed below. 

Mealy bug(Drosichamangifera)

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Leaf eating caterpillar (Euprdctisfraterna)

Phalsa fruits become fully mature in 55 days after the fruit set. The phalsa begin to bear fruits in the second year. A good commercial crop is usually obtained during third year. In Punjab and Haryana, the harvesting season of phalsa fruit start by the end of May and lasts till the end of June and in South India it is MarchApril.The phalsa fruit should be picked when the colour has changed to deep reddish brown and the pulp tastes sweet. several picking are necessary as all the fruit do not ripen at one time. the fruit picking is usually done on alternate days. Under optimum condition, a phalsa bush yields on an average about 3 – 5 kg of fruit. Storage If stored at room temperature 28OC 35 C must be consumed with in 2 days, or else the fruit can be stored in shallow clamshell containers and placed inside the refrigerator which will help the life span to boost up.Phalsa fruits are highly perishable and, therefore, they should be utilized within 24 hours of harvesting. Thus immediate marketing is possible only when the orchards are located nearby some cities. O

These caterpillars feed gregariously on leaf lamina and skeletonizing it completely. In case of severe infestation entire tree may be defoliated. To control, spray with Carbaryl and Endrin (0.1%). B. Disease Disease caused by fungus Cercospora is prominently found in Phalsa crop.

There are three insects and one disease attacking Phalsa crop. A. Pests

Bark eating caterpillar (lnderbelatetraonis)

Harvesting and Yield

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Leaf spot disease

It is a fungal disease caused by Cercosporagrewiae. On affected leaves tiny brown lesions appear on both sides of the leaves and cause premature leaf fall particularly during rainy season. It can be controlled by spraying Dithane Z- 78 at 0.3% concentration or Blitox 0.2% concentration.

Post - harvest Management Maturity is judged by colour. The ground colour which is green in the beginning should be turning red. Fruits should neither be under-ripe nor over-ripe. It should be ﬁrm at the time of ripening. Fruits for storage and transport should be harvested at colour turning stage, SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

Jitendra, 2Deepak lall and 3Dr. S. Saravanan Research scholar, 2SRF- Horticulture and 3Associate professor Department of Horticulture, Allahabad School of Agriculture Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, [Deemed To-Be University] Allahabad (U.P.) India -211007 1

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

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Medicinal Values, Nutritional Facts, Importance and Production Practices of Ashgourd Introduction: Among the vegetables crops cucurbitaceous is the biggest family, in which Ash gourd is one of the important crop. Ash gourd is also known as winter melon, wax gourd, Petha' in Hindi, Boodida gummadikaya' in Telugu, and Pooshnikai' in Tamil. It is a cosmopolitan cucurbitaceous vegetable grown successfully in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Petha is a candy prepared from Ash gourd. It is popularly known as Agra petha. Besides that many value added products are prepared from Ash gourd. In India the crop is widely grown in U.P and Delhi for the preparation of Agra petha and in southern states it is used as a vegetable. Ash gourd is originated in Asia speciﬁcally in Java and Japan. It is grown throughout the world tropics which can be grown through out the year where the winters are mild. Fairly resistant to drought it is also known as ‘Chinese Preserving Melon’. Fruit at maturity have white waxy surface. The fruit is mainly purchased by confectioners who use them to prepare petha. The major producing countries of Ash gourd in the world are India, Banladesh, Indonesia, Brazil, China, and Nigeria. India is the second largest producer of Ash gourd after China. In India it is extensively grown in U.P., Tamil Nadu, Andra Pradesh 117 ha with a production of 2816

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

MT with a productivity of 12.21 tonnes /ha (According to the date base of NHB, 2015). Botany Genus Benincasa is Monophytic and is only species is B.hispida. Wild forms do not exist in this species. It is annual vine trailing on the soil surface; it is a vigorous but slow growing trailing annual Due to its long tap root system, Ash gourd is considered as an ideal crop for river bed cultivation. Stem and all other parts are covered with bristle like hairs. It is monecious crop which produces large male owers with long pedicels and female owers with densely haired ovary and short peduncle on the same plant. Corolla is yellow in colour and large in size. Ratio of staminate to pistillate owers is 34:1. Leaves are 10-20cm long and have a long hairy stem. Flower is nearly an inferior ovary with hypanthium inorescence. Ash gourd has cylindrical or oval fruits which can reach a length of 80cm and diameter 30 cm. Important varieties of Ash gourd Pusa Shakti Fruits oblong ellipsoid with greenish white esh. Average fruit weight 7.0 kg. Ideal for easy packaging and long distance transportation long storability, High Tss, vitamin C minerals, maturity 140 days, yield 250 q/ha 

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SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

surfaces, stem and petiole and other succulent parts. Severally attacked leaves become brown and shrivelled leading to premature defoliation Control: Powdery mildew can be controlled by spraying Dinocap 1 ml/lit or Carbendazim 0.5 gm/lit. 

Downy mildew

Symptoms: Yellow more or less angular spots appear on the upper leaf surface with purplish spores appearing on the lower leaf surface

can be stored for 2-3 months Plant Protection Measures Insect-Pest Management: 

Pumpkin beetles and leaf caterpillar

Symptoms: Adult beetles feed voraciously on the leaf lamina by making irregular holes. Control: Leaf beetles and leaf caterpillars can be controlled by spraying Malathion 50 EC 1 ml/lit or Dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/lit or Methyl demeton 25 EC 1 ml/lit. 

Fruit y

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Symptoms: Adult female y selects of young fruits for oviposition by puncturing the rind with ovipositor. Such damaged fruits show signs of raised and brown resinous encrustation due to discharge and drained out fruit juice through punctures. Infected fruits show decay and foul smell.

Control: 1. 2.

Collect the affected fruits and destroy them. The y population is low in hot day conditions and it is peak in rainy season. Hence adjust the sowing time accordingly. Expose the pupae by ploughing. Use polythene bags, ﬁsh meal trap with 5 g of wet ﬁsh meal and 1 g of Dichlorvos in cotton, 50 traps are required per hectare. Fish meal and Dichlorvos impregnated cotton are to be renewed once in 20 and 7 days respectively. Neem oil @ 3.0 % as need based foliar spray

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Aphid:

3. 4.

Control: Downy mildew can be controlled by spraying Mancozeb or Chlorothalonil 2 g/lit twice at 10 days interval. Value Added products: The famous sweet Agra petha is prepared from ash gourd which is famous in all over North India and is used in making curries often used in India to make liquefied dishes along with dairy products. When small, the winter melons are used as fruits to prepare certain fruit drinks as they are sweet. It is also used in making soups. It is mainly used in making ‘Halwa'. Ash gourd Halwa is famous all over North India. It is used in other products like angoori petha, petha kheer Ashgourd chiller, Delightful sandesh, mixed vegetable kootu, Rasagola, Laddoos Healthy vegetable salad. It can be used to prepare a varietiey of dishes ranging from sambar to morkuzhambu to Halwa Commonly used in raita snacks. It can also be used to prepare Ash gourd burfi. Petha Preparation Petha is a candy prepared from Ashgourd. It is popularly known as Agra petha Flow- chart for petha preparation: Select fully Mature with firm pulp of Ash gourd ↓ Washing ↓ Cut length wise large pieces Remove seeds and uffy portion ↓ Pricking ↓

Symptoms: It causes curling of the leaves, reduced vigour, yield and quality. Black sooty mould develops on the leaves. Control: Spray Imidachloprid @ 0.5 ml/lit along with sufﬁcient quantity of stickers like Teepol, triton X100, apsa etc., for better adhesion and coverage. Disease Management 

Powdery mildew

Symptoms: white powdery patches or coatings appear ﬁrst on the under surface of the leaves which later spread to the leaf

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

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Anitha, 2Deepak lall and 3Dr. S. Saravanan Research scholar, 2SRF- Horticulture and 3Associate professor Department of Horticulture, Allahabad School of Agriculture Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, [Deemed To-Be University] Allahabad (U.P.) India -211007 1

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SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

ORGANIC ASHWAGANDHA The Indian Medicine Acts as an Antioxidant

Abstract :-Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), also called winter cherry, comes from the roots of a shrub cultivated in India and North America. Ayurvedic practitioners have been using it for thousands of years as a powerful rasayana (a tonic for greater vitality and longevity). The herb has traditionally been used for calming the mind, relieving weakness, nervous exhaustion and arthritis, and for building sexual energy. It is beneﬁcial to people who do physical labor or exercise a lot to help the body adapt to physical stress. It has also been used for strengthening the female reproductive system. Ashwagandha contains avonoids and many active ingredients of the withanolide class. Numerous studies over the past two decades indicate that it has anti-inammatory, anti-tumor, antistress, antioxidant, mind-boosting, and rejuvenating properties. Withanolides are believed to account for the multiple medicinal applications of Ashwagandha. These molecules are steroidal and bear a resemblance, both in their action and appearance, to the active constituents of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) known as ginsenosides. Ashwagandha's withanolides have been extensively studied in a variety of animal studies examining their effects on immune function, and even cancer. Demonstrated healing abilities Ashwagandha: 

Provides potent antioxidant protection

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

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Stimulates the activation of immune system cells, such as lymphocytes and phagocytes

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Counteracts the effects of stress and generally promotes wellness, making it an important tonic or adaptogen.

Reduces anxiety A recent study at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Calcutta University, examined the effect that Ashwagandha has on chronic stress in rodents. For 21 days, the animals' feet were given a mild electrical shock, which resulted in hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and increase in plasma corticosterone levels, gastric ulcerations, male sexual dysfunction, cognitive deficits, immuno suppression and mental depression. Animals that were given Ashwagandha an hour before the foot shock experienced a significantly reduced level of stress, confirming the researchers' theory that the herb produces a significant anti-stress adaptogenic effect. A study done at the Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center indicated that extracts of Ashwagandha produce GABA-like activity, which may account for the herb's anti-anxiety effects. GABA (Gamma Amino-butyric acid) is an inhibitory (calming) neurotransmitter in the brain. Its function is to decrease neuron activity and inhibit nerve cells from over firing. Too much neuronal activity can lead to restlessness and insomnia, but GABA inhibits the number of nerve cells that fire in the brain, and helps to induce sleep, uplift mood, and reduce krishiduniya.com

anxiety. Improves mood Ashwagandha has traditionally been used to stabilize mood in patients with behavioral disturbances, and another study showed that it does indeed produce an antidepressant and anti-anxiety effect in rodents comparable to the anti-depressant drug imipramine and anti-anxiety drug lorazepam (Ativan). Provides a potent antioxidant effect Researchers from Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi, India13, and from the Drug Research and Development Center, Calcutta14, discovered that some of the chemicals in Ashwagandha are powerful antioxidants. They tested these compounds for their effects on rat brains and found an increase in the levels of three natural antioxidants; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. According to the researchers, "These ﬁndings are consistent with the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) as an Ayurvedic rasayana. The antioxidant effect of active principles of W. somnifera may explain, at least in part, the reported antistress, cognition-facilitating, anti-inammatory and anti-aging effects produced by them in experimental animals, and in clinical situations." Another study examined Ashwagandha's effect on copperinduced lipid per oxidation and antioxidant enzymes in aging spinal cords of laboratory mice. The herb produced a strong antioxidant effect and stopped the lipid per oxidation, which, in humans, is a cause of atherosclerosis leading to heart disease. Supports cardiovascular health A study of six human subjects with high cholesterol showed that treatment with Ashwagandha for 30 days decreased their blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL (bad cholesterol). The herb also had a diuretic effect, and no one experienced any adverse effects. Increases NO production This is important for a number of reasons. Nitric oxide production plays a role in maintaining cardiovascular health. Here's how: Inside your body nitric oxide is produced by endothelial cells that line your blood vessels, and acts as a messenger molecule by telling the blood vessels when to relax and expand. When adequate nitric oxide is produced, it causes an "endothelial relaxing factor," which is needed by the arterial system to expand and contract with each heartbeat. This helps regulate blood ow and pressure, so that oxygen-carrying blood is delivered to your tissues and organs. Ashwagandha has traditionally been used as a sex

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enhancer, which makes sense because nitric oxide dilates blood vessels-a key factor in maintaining penile erection. Enhances cognition and boosts memory Ashwagandha is used in India to treat mental deficits in geriatric patients, including amnesia. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany wanted to find out which neurotransmitters were inuenced by Ashwagandha. After injecting some of the compounds found in Ashwagandha into rats, they examined slices of the animals' brains and found an increase in acetylcholine receptor activity. Acetylcholine is the most abundant and essential neurotransmitter in the brain that is responsible for numerous functions, including many related to cognition and memory. It is released into the synapse, or space between two nerve cells, where it stimulates the transfer of nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another. According to the researchers, the increase in acetylcholine receptor capacity might partly explain the cognition-enhancing and memory-improving effects of extracts from Ashwagandha observed in animals and humans. Supports normal brain function Two studies done in Japan also indicate that Ashwagandha stimulates the growth of axons and dendrites in human neuroblastoma cells, and in rat neurons. This is significant because the extension of dendrites and axons-which bring information to and from the brain-may compensate for and repair damaged neuronal circuits in the dementia brain. Ashwagandha's antioxidant properties have also been shown to help protect the brain from damage in several other studies, including one in which it was used as a prophylactic against damage caused by stroke. Reduces cancer cell growth A recent Japanese in vitro study found that a number of the compounds in Ashwagandha reduced the growth of human colon, breast and lung cancer cells, leading the researchers to suggest that the herb may prevent or decrease the growth of tumors in humans. A number of animal studies, both in vivo and in vitro, also showed that Ashwagandha reduces cancer cell growth, and increased the longevity of the animals. How safe is it? Ashwagandha is a safe and gentle herb when used as directed. It should not be used by pregnant women or by individuals taking barbiturates, because the herb increases their effects. Although Ashwagandha has been used for thousands of years in Ayurvedic medicine, the Western world is just beginning to learn about its amazing benefits. Its antioxidant and adaptogenic effects are second to none, and as consumers learn about its benefits, it is sure to take its place among the most revered health tonics known to modern man.

Pradeep Dwivedi* Dr Vandana Sharma Department of Product Development1 Prajna Agro Associates , New Delhi- 45 E mail: info@chicoree.in, www.chicoree.in SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

CROP PROTECTION INDUSTRY

suggests increased focus on R&D

ndia could be a manufacturing hub for the crop protection industry if local bred companies could collaborate with global crop protection technologies to develop crop protection farming solutions for Indian farmers, says CropLife India, the Cop protection association representing Indian and global companies in the country. In future India could become a manufacturing hub for global companies blending global technologies with local needs, following best business practices, keeping in tune with the government’s “Make in India” concept. India has 18 Agro-climatic zones , multiple crops, along with farmers facing multiple challenges of 15-25% potential crop losses due to pests, diseases, insects, weeds, water shortages, irregular irrigation facilities, shortage of pulses, oil seeds, maize and labour. These are enabling factors for farmers to have access to quality products. The way forward for the Indian crop protection industry would be to concentrate on specialty formulations, ﬁx costs with quality & commitment, to develop regulatory competence and data along with market research, increase reach and distribution, while collaborating with generic distributors. The agrochemical sector faces multiple challenges but with workable solutions, which if taken care could lead to India becoming a global manufacturing hub of quality crop protection solutions. To address this, it is important to develop local Crop protection and crop enhancement solutions based on global technologies and best practices to increase the country’s agricultural productivity while making it a food and

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nutrition secured nation. “Crop protection is not just about using chemicals to manage pests – we must have holistic, environmentally safe “Greener crop protection & crop health solutions”, for overall wellbeing of Indian agriculture and millions of our farmers” says Ram Mudholkar, Chairman, CropLife India. “With a growing population and its dynamic food habits for quality food, the country needs to raise nutrition security of the nation. India today imports substantial quantities of pulses and oilseeds on a regular basis, along with sugar and other products from time to time. We cannot continue to afford such imports for long, we must become 'Swadeshi' or selfsufficient and be the net exporters, thereby ensuring farmers welfare on a sustainable basis”, adds Ram Mudholkar, Chairman, CropLife India. In research and development , global MNCs invest about 810% at an average , while Indian bred crop protection manufacturers spend 1-2% of their revenues, which makes them less competitive to compete in the global market to develop. specialty molecules. Apart from ease of introduction of latest pest control solution technology , spurious products, low focus on R&D by domestic manufacturers, inefficiencies in the supply chain, are some of the key challenges faced by Indian farmers, which needs to be addressed on priority. Discovery of new molecules is a highly specialized R&D activity- it is significant to note that, on an average, only one

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have access to technology , using new age molecules, which are safer and greener.”, says CropLife India CEO, Brij Uberoi Crop Protection & Regulatory guidelines: The approval and use of commercial crop protection products in all contexts is highly regulated all over the world, including India. In fact, India has a much more robust regulatory system and knowledgeable regulatory ofﬁcials compared to most other countries. The Indian regulatory system is rapidly evolving to harmonize with global systems and FAO guidelines, in order to support both the domestic industry as well as International players to ensure farmers have the best choice of products and latest innovations on par with farmers across the world. Progressive regulations indicate there is an urgent need to reduce timelines of regulatory protocols. Indian chemical industry is the 3rd largest in Asia and 6th largest in the world and contributes 2.11% to India’s GDP. Agrochemicals contribute to 20.3% of the GDP. An accelerated and green channel approach for newer and safer molecules will help in a win-win situation that will provide access to farmers for saving their crops from pests and disease attacks. Agrochemicals can increase yields and minimize losses, yet their adoption (esp. pesticides) is limited. The need of the hour is to introduce crop protection products with safer and greener chemistries, if used responsibly at the farm level, would lead to lower load of agrochemicals crop protection products with low residual levels up the food value chain. If farmers have ready access to quality products, it would reduce the usage of spurious and substandard products. The UN global population study trends indicate that India would surpass China to become the most populated nation in the world by 2022. Currently India’s population stands at 1.32 billion, supporting close to 17.84% of the world population, with 2.4% land resources and 4 % of water resources.

molecule out of 100000 screened chemical compounds gets finally identified and selected, for full development while going through the rigorous R&D process and Regulatory approvals. From discovery in the labs to the introduction in a country regulatory level, it takes more than 8-10 years and involves an investment of more than 1600 Crores. Further, in India to provide access at the farm level, the product has to undergo 3-4 years of stringent evaluation on efficacy, safety, MRLs and CropLife India is an association of R&D based crop science other parameters as per guidelines established by CIB&RC (Central industry with a membership of 14 companies engaged in the Insecticide Board & Registration Committee) and another 1-2 years for manufacture, import and distribution of crop protection review of data and final registration approval. products. The member companies focus on bringing new The Government and stakeholders continue to support old and technologies aimed at improving agricultural productivity in a technology advancements in other sectors like mobile , electronics and sustainable manner, thereby minimizing pre-harvest and postmachinery , as long as they are safe for human, health and environment harvest crop losses due to pest attacks and diseases. The but farmers are unfortunately discriminated against usage of association of the technology driven crop science industry has technology in agriculture for decades. introduced more than 243 molecules out of the 260 registered in India until 2014-15, while extensively engaging closely with “CropLife India and its members of both Indian bred and global 7.3 million of farmers throughout India, as part of its companies has been at the forefront to strengthen domestic “Stewardship” activity, while imparting knowledge and manufacturing at par with global standards. Some of the significant education to farmers, detailers and retailers on scientific forward looking regulations are harmonization with OECD protocols in application, responsible use of crop protection solutions, major disciplines, crop grouping concept, minor changes regulation to pesticide container management, usage of PPE (Personal enable innovation at a faster pace and many more in its engagement Safety Equipment). efforts, policy workshops have been organized in collaboration with regulators and policy makers that has paved the way towards progressive regulations in the country. While globally old molecules are gradually replacing new technology molecules, the Indian farmer should

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Ms Suchismita Roy Director -Communications & Outreach Crop Life India SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

A report by - Chander Mohan

EDUVACATION IN 60 MINUTES AT

SECRET GARDEN VILLAGE

he Mughal emperor Jahangir was so captivated by the beauty of the Kasmir valley that he exclaimed "Gar ﬁrdaus, ruhe zamin ast, hamin asto, hamin asto, hamin asto" (If there is a heaven on earth, it's here, it's here, it's here). Because the Mughal Emperor had not seen the Bali in Indonesia. One can very well add to that India in Asia becomes Indonesia. Hon`ble Prime Minister always advocating the skill. His popular Business Mantra is Make in India and Made in India. Indian pray to the God Lord Ganesha for beginning of any work. Because He is the a God of Vighanharta. If Vighanharta God is present in every house and every heart, that is known as Bali. So, the Bali has a bit of paradise to offer. Known as the Island of the Gods. Bali's culture is dominated by a unique form of Hinduism that's evident in every aspect of Balinese life, from the temples that ornament every corner of the island to the daily offerings found in every home.

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

Beauty with brain is the secret of the Miss Universe. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the preeminent leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India . Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahatma (Sanskrit: "highsouled", "venerable")—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa,—is now used worldwide. He is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for "father", "papa") in India. In common parlance in India he is often called Gandhiji. He is unofficially called the Father of the Nation. GANDHI was not a man, He was an institution. If we spelt out the world GANDHI, it becomes the God Accede Natural Development of a Human Internationally. Beauty, Brain, Skill and the outcome is the KITBAPs, according to the Professor H M Chawla, the Knowledge with Interaction and Technology resulted to krishiduniya.com

the Business Apportionment to the Profit. If Profit is not there , There is no Business. What Balinese has come out with an Educational Factory & Outlet Tour known as Secret Garden Village at Bedugul, Bali. It is an Eduvacation in 60 Minutes. It is to educate the Younger generation to maintain and preserve Indonesian Beauty Heritage and Cultural Values. The enjoyment of EDUCATIONAL and FACTORY OUTLET holiday destination with indulgence of coffee and culinary experience. It's alluringly nestled at Jalan Raya Denpasar KM 36 Luwus, Tabanan. Just 1 hour from Ngurah Rai International Airport, 30 minutes from Ubud and view a minutes away from other leisure options and facilities such as Bedugul Botanical Garden that has stunning green forest view, and Ulun Danu temple. Stand on the land of approximately 35.000 square meters, Secret Garden Village is uniquely blended to worship the amazing feature of Indonesian-Balinese heritage and the terrific view of Bedugul. Presents three main buildings, designed by the intertwine of traditional structure and modern geometrical shape, consist of mini beauty factory and store, fancy buffet diners, restaurant with rice field view and coffee production knowledge. Like a hidden treasure, all of these sections are connected by beautiful landscape and natural inspiring path way. You will have a valuable experience to get to know in the making of our natural homemade body care products, learn the art of coffee processing for the coffee lover, and on top of that, be fascinated by the sight of the utmost beautiful garden and awesome landscape. OEMAH Herboristy Beauty Factory Outlet is the spellbindin wonders of Indonesia`s tradional beauty heritage, the process of the famous Herborist Balinese Body Scrub, and watch the screening of short movie

which is telling about the wonders of Indonesia beauty heritage. Occupied the largest part of Secret Garden Village complex, Oemah Herborist presents an integrated area that includes: 

Body & Beauty – A beauty concept store with selective range of natural body & beauty care products from head-to-toe



Beauty Gourmet – Offering a variety of natural soaps, equipped with kitchen bar where the chef will make today's special gourmet soaps fresh from the molding.



Fragrance Bar – One experience the cutting edge concept that reminds to the cozy bar in the city where one love to hang out. Splashing out 24 varies of fragrances designed according to the one’s personality.



Djamoe Corner – An lady herbalist will offer various traditional herbs concoction from Indonesia's hereditary, has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for the inner body.



Spa Corner – Find a body and mind peace from the massage of the trained therapist, using natural herbal ingredients that good for the skin.



Theater – The signature part from this building. Provide educational movie about Indonesia best coffee and information and the sitting capacity for 50 people.



Snack & Souvenir – Before going back, don't forget to take souvenirs for the relatives back home.

RICE VIEW Rice View Restaurant features a varied and extensive menu in the area. Spice up your time with our great barbeque taste at the BBQ Corner with choice of Buffalo or Beef Ribs imported Tenderloin or Local Sirloin, krishiduniya.com

SEPTEMBER 2016 I KRISHI DUNIYA

elegant presentations lead to a truly inspiring dining experience ﬁlled with market-fresh produce, gourmet recipes and a warm atmosphere.

Salmon Fillet or Seafood Basket. Take a look at and try our mouthwatering Chicken Oscar, Buffalo Rib, or Lamb Chop and choose our delicious entrees and side dishes. We stay true to our authentic barbeque ﬂavor with homemade barbeque sauce. From Asian Corner try our signatures of Kepiting Timika Telor Asin and Bebek Goreng Tempura, the ﬂavors and spices are always at their best when they touch your table. A warming bowl of Smoked Tomato Soup and Asparagus Jagung Kepiting Soup brings you to perfection.

Enjoy the scrumptious main courses of a traditional Balinese blend with Asian spices to create rich and spicy dishes with varied of choices from Jukut Undis Soup to Corn Cram Meat Soup, Ayam Betutu to Singaporean Chicken Style, Nasi Kuning to Hannian Chicken Rice. Our exotic desserts feature classics live-cooking such as Jaja Laklak, Jaja Dadar, or Pisang Rai. With 96 indoor and 78 outdoor daily from 10.30 am to 3.00 PM. Black Eye Coffee A complete of coffee educational tour ranging from museum, green beans warehouse, production process, learn how to cup taste, barista training class, see the Luwak enjoying life at Luwak Villa while enjoying a movie about Indonesian coffee in a theater with a capacity of 50 peoples. Equipped facilities to buy coffees, coffee themed fashion products as well as other characteristic Indonesian souvenirs, enjoying the Bedugul scenery accompanied by a cup of coffee make a memorable experience during Bali journeys. Daily from 9.00 AM to 8.00 PM.

Or Segara Sari Laut Soup with its rich spicy taste. Also pick up our different kinds of rice and noodle dishes, seafood, Balinese food, salads, pastas, pizzas and more. Our modern Asian cuisine is fresh and authentic. With 40 indoor, 96 outdoor, 8 outdoor bar seats, ythe timing arte daily from 12 noon to 8.00 PM. The LUWUS The Luwus Restaurant offers a unique dining experience and boasts exquisites menu of Balinese and Asian buffet style. Traditional cuisines combined with

Discover the world of coffee in the Bedugul Bali. Experienced to see the coffee cerry on the tree, roasting process of the selection coffee green beans, smell the aroma and taste the coffee ﬂavor from all over Indonesia province, such as Bali Kintamani, Toraja, Flores, Java, Sumatra, Aceh, Lampung, Papua and of course Luwak coffee as the unique and famous coffee from Indonesia. Converse directly with the roaster, cupper and barista who worked with coffee in their passionate. The next chapter to discover the hidden natural beauty of Secret Garden at the basckyard through narrow passage.

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

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Feeding of Bypass fat to improve health and milk production of animals

he diet of high producing crossbred cows is usually deﬁcient in energy during transition period (3 weeks before and after parturition) and early lactation. The animals are not able to eat more during advanced stage of pregnancy; therefore we need to increase the energy density of their ration. If the energy dense ration is not offered to the animals then they maylose more body weight after parturition due to negative energy balance (NEBAL). Such animals are very weak and come into heat with great difﬁculty. They are also prone to several metabolic disorders like fatty liver, ketosis, displaced abomasum etc. The delayed conception in such cases leads to longer inter-calving periods in cows. Energy Balance equals to Intake minus Energy required for maintenance, pregnancy and milk

Energy metabolism disorders Fatty liver, ketosis, ruminal acidosis and milk fever

If Energy balance is negative poor health and low milk production

Mineral metabolism disorders Sub-clinical hypocalcaemia and udder oedema Disorders of immune system Retained placenta, metritis and mastitis If Energy balance is positive Better health and production

KRISHI DUNIYA I SEPTEMBER 2016

These animals produce less milk after parturition which leads to great economic losses to the dairy farmers. There is a practice of offering raw vegetable oils to cows by our farmers which is not reasonable. Just 2% vegetable oil in the diet can dramatically reduce rumen ﬁber digestion. Unprotected fats cause physical and chemical changes in the microbial fermentation of the feed and depress rumen cellulolytic microbial activity. The supplementation of the raw vegetable oils is detrimental for the health of cows after a certain limit as it affects the digestion of ﬁbres adversely in the rumen. Therefore, we need to supplement fats in such a way that it doesn't interfere with its digestion in the rumen. Rumen bypass or “protected” fats are in fact, the dry fats which are processed to be easily handled and mixed into all animal feeds. Dry fats are mostly insoluble at rumen body temperature due to the high melting points. Just to summarize, dry fats are not as much “protected” as completely insoluble in the rumen but they have little impact on rumen fermentation. Bypass fat is generally used to increase the energy density in the ration of cows. Bypass fat gets digested later in the abomasum or true stomach of ruminants as it is not affected by the rumen microbes. Thus bypass fats are very useful in improving not only the body condition score of the weaker animals but also increase the productivity of milk. Bypass fats are made up of fatty acids linked to calcium ions instead of glycerol

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of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with constant stirring until the fatty acids are dissolved. Thereafter, the calcium chloride solution is added slowly with constant stirring, while the contents are still warm. It leads to the precipitation of calcium soaps. The calcium soap is dried at low temperature and grounded before mixing into the ration.Different varieties of bypass fats may differ slightly in their palatability. Calcium salts of palm oil have pungent odour and slightly bitter taste. Animals that have not had previous exposure to these fats may require an adaptation period. In addition to this, a greater care should be taken to ensure the mixing of products thoroughly into the ration, so that the feed intake is not affected. Most classes of bypass fats are handled and mixedinto dairy feeds with relative ease. The crossbred cows may be offered prilled fat (a bypass fat) @100g/d while the buffaloes may be offered @150g/day during postpartum periods. It can be safely fed to the growing calves also. The bypass fat may be added as 1.5-2.0% of the feed intake. This is sufﬁcient to increase the energy density that meets all the requirements of the body. The bypass fat has many advantages such as1.

It increases the amount of energy in the feed so that the animals seldom come under negative energy balance especially during the period of transition and early lactation.

2. It meets the energy requirements of the high producing animals without any problem.

backbone. By virtue of this association bypass fat becomes inert to the rumen microbes and escapes fermentation. It has low solubility and less susceptible to bio-hydrogenation by microbes. The bypass fat has 4-5% moisture and 7-9% calcium while the remaining part is protected fat. Calcium salts of fatty acid are produced by the double decomposition and fusion methods. The calcium soaps are insoluble in rumen pH of 6.2-6.8 but these are soluble in the abomasum where the pH stays between 2 and 3. In double decomposition method, fat source is heated in a metal container followed by addition

It not only increases the milk production but also improves the persistency of lactation.

Animals in positive energy balance have better reproduction ability through early heat symptoms and better conception rate.

It increases the overall productive life of animals.

It helps to control many metabolic disorders like ketosis and milk fever in the high producing animals.

It can positively affect the efﬁciency of dairy cows through a combination of caloric and non-caloric effects

Now-a-days prilled fat is used as a bypass fat which is a non-hydrogenated vegetable oil andconsists of more than 85% palmitic acid with highmelting point. Saturated fats like animal fats, palm oil have a higher melting point between 50-60°C in contrast to the temperature of 38-39°C in the rumen that is why prilled fat is not affected by the ruminal temperature. It does not melt at lowpH, by pass rumen degradation and is digested in smallintestine by the enzyme called lipase. Prilled fat is prepared byliquefying mixture of fatty acids by spraying it underpressure into the cooledatmosphere. Prilled fat remains inertin the rumen and resist hydrolysis and association withthe bacterial cells within the feed particles. Thus totalsupplemented energy in diet of a lactating animal isavailable for the productive processes. The prilled fat is economical to buy and highly palatable to animals. The supplementation of prilled fat can be used to augment lactation performance without affecting milk composition, plasma metabolites and hormonal levels in dairy cows. The experiments conducted under ﬁeld conditions have demonstrated an increase of 10-15% milk in crossbred cows with the supplementation of prilled fat which translates into a proﬁt of Rs 80-120/- per day per animal for the dairy farmer. – Ashwani Kumar Roy and Mahendra Singh National Dairy Research Institute Karnal (Haryana)

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