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IN THIS ISSUE The Hidden Part of Food Security Forages and Healthy Oils...................4 Silo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Bio‐wastes (SMARB).................6 Organic Manure: Role in Modern Farming Systems..............................11 Retrospec on and Reforms Needed.....................................................14 Canadian Organic Aquaculture.............................................................19 Organic Animal Husbandry in Asia: an Overview .................................20 Challenges and Scope Indian Oilseed Sector.........................................22 The women making a song and dance about farming.........................24 Agricultural News..................................................................................25
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Editorial
I
n a country like India food security will always be a simmering problem. In that situa on the role of milk produc on in mi ga ng food insecurity is important. It is in the context that Venkatram Vasantvada highlights the hidden part of the food security banking on high quality forages which is already deficient around one‐third of the requirement in most of the states. Second deficiency is in the protein supplements amoun ng to 19‐20 mts. The interven on of UPL/ADVANTA LTD in the field of developing high quality fodder and the new variety of canola for leveling up the protein deficiency in the ca le feed is highlighted by the author in his ar cle on The hidden part of food security ‐ Forages and Healthy oils. Various forms of compos ng were prac ced by the farmers from ancient Chinese civiliza on onwards. But all the methods, first of all, are labour intensive and are yielding quan es much less than the actual requirement in the field: that is 30,000 kgs per hectare. Secondly large quan es are composted aerobically which results in the greater loss of the most important nutrient namely nitrogen. Thirdly large farm area is required for compos ng all the crop and animal wastes normally generated in a farm and to a small farmer to set apart large land area for compos ng alone is an unthinkable proposi on. In this context the Silo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Bio‐wastes (SMARB) invented and promoted by Dr. K. T. Chandy is a solu on to all the above men oned drawbacks. Observing the quick results in the crop yield the farmers were indiscriminate in the use of chemical fer lizers ll they realized the irreparable damages brought upon the soils of their farmland. Enumera ng a number of permanent soil damages due to the con nuous and excessive use of chemical fer lizers, Mr. Dinesh Patel, MD, Narmada Bio‐chem Pvt Ltd., would impress upon the readers the need for the use of organic manures in agriculture. However he is also prompt in poin ng out a number of constraints in the use of organic manures and the need for maintenance of op mum level of organic carbon and nitrogen (CN ra o) in the soil which promotes the microbial ac vi es in the soil. Taking all these aspects of soil fer lity into considera on he promotes a host of organic products under the brand name bio‐gold for the benefit of farming communi es in India. Agriculture like any other produc on, processing and marke ng occupa on is regulated by a numerous acts, rules, regula ons, orders and commissions which though ini ated with good inten ons turn out to be bo lenecks for its smooth func oning and development. A number of them are either lapsed in the Lok Sabha or pending in the Rajya Sabha. In terms of administra on and governance many different departments and ministries are involved. Giving an overview of the problems in the formula on and implementa on of the acts, rules, regula ons, orders and commissions Dr. S. R. Rao rightly highlights the problems affec ng the farmers and agricultural produc on. To substan ate his exposure of the problems arising due to mul ples of governmental rules and regula ons Dr. Rao presents a list of agricultural legisla ons in table 1, status of several bills on agriculture and rural development in table 2 and commissions related to agriculture in table 3. To iron out the problems arising from the present rules and regula ons the author proposes Na onal Environment Management Authority (NEMA) at the centre, State Environment Management Authority (SEMA) at the state and Environment Laws Management Act (ELMA) covering the centre and states. Dr. Mahesh Chander, Head, Division of Extension Educa on, Indian Veterinary Research Ins tute, Izetnagar, gives an overview of the organic animal husbandry in Asia which has one of the fastest developing livestock sector in the world which factor he corroborates with the latest data on the rich plant and animals gene c diversity in the Asian countries. The author rightly points out the need for the Asian farmers to develop capacity in terms of knowledge, skill, infrastructure, animal feeding, hygiene, sanita on, disease control and assured cer fied supply of organic livestock produc on. The importance of oilseed sector which at present is in a stagnant situa on due to various reasons, can never be over‐emphasized though India is one of the largest producer and consumer of vegetable oil in the world. The ar cle by Surendra Prajapa on “Challenges and Scope of Indian Oilseed Sector is an eye‐opener‐warning to the Indian edible oil sector. Against the consump on requirement of 17 million tones the produc on swings around 8 million tones only causing a nega ve balance in trade causing a deficit of 10.3 billion USD. Giving the projec on edible oil requirement in table 1 the author proposes a viable solu on to the seemingly un‐surmountable deficiency problem in the oil seed sector ci ng the leading role and success of Bayer CropScience in rapeseed and mustard as they can be cul vated successfully under sub‐op mal soil and water management condi ons in the vast farming tracts India. Agriculture is the biggest and foremost culture of the people from ancient mes and all the “sounds and lights” of any culture in the world have roots in the local agriculture of people. The women in Norway, making a song and dance about farming is a soothing revival of the culture in agriculture, is highly appreciated. That makes agriculture not only organic but also human.
M C Dominic Editor‐in‐Chief editor@krishijagran.com
The Hidden Part of Food Security Forages and Healthy Oils
The Hidden Part of Food Security
Forages and Healthy Oils
Venkatram Vasantavada Chief Opera ng Officer‐ Asia & Africa Advanta Ltd (A UPL Group Company)
F
ood Security, Food Self‐Sufficiency and Food Insecurity are terms which we o en hear and rightly so, given the fact that food demand is likely to double from the current 440 million mt to 850 million mt and food infla on is outstripping infla on of all commodi es. Increasing income levels and consumerism is changing the structure of food basket with diversifica on from cereals to fruits, vegetables, milk and milk products, meat, fish and eggs. In this ar cle the focus is on certain aspects of food security which are not ge ng the required thrust and a en on and it is high me we ac vely engage all the key stakeholders in developing appropriate ac on plans. Livestock and Fodder Milk produc on in India is es mated at 110 million Mt and we are the world number 1, however our produc vity (lt/day) is one of the lowest in the world at 1.2 ltrs/day inspite of a ca le popula on es mated at 1850 million. Es mated milk demand by 2030 is anywhere between 150‐160 million mts which is a big task. The reasons for low produc vity can be a ributed to the following and we will deep dive on points 1,2,3 and 4 and UPL‐ADVANTA interven ons and contri‐ bu ons to improve the situa on. 1. Fodder Availability ‐ app65% Deficit in Green Fodder ‐ app25% Deficit in Dry Fodder ‐ 27%/23% Deficit in CP/ TDN
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Lack of proper knowledge on fodders Protein deficiency Highest local ca le strength Breed quality Tradi onal dairy farms World Top 10 Milk Producing Countries
Countries
Milk produc on in million mt (2013)
India USA China Russian Federa on Brazil Germany France New Zealand UK Poland World
Cost of Milk Produc on‐Rs/lt
124 88 38 35 32 28 25 18 17 15 693
Milk Produc vity lt/day
11.25 19.35 16.95 14 25.2 21 23 12.25 24 15 18
1.2 8.8 3.5 4.7 6.8 5.5 7 9.5 6.9 7.3 5.8
FAO/IFCN (Interna onal Farm Comparison Network)/Internal source
Requirement of Green and Dry Fodder Year
Supply Million tons
Demand Million tons
Deficit (% of demand)
Green Dry
Green
Dry
Green
Dry
2010
395.2 451
1,061
589
62.76
23.46
2015
400.6 466
1,097
609
63.50
23.56
2020
405.9 473
1,134
630
64.21
24.81
2025
411.3 488
1,170
650
64.87
24.92
10th& 11th Five Year Plan Document
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Requirement and Availability of CP/TDN Year
Requirement Million tons CP
2010
47.76
Availability Million tons
TDN
CP
344.93
Deficit (%)
TDN
34.18 262.02
CP
TDN
28.44
24.04
2015
49.39
356.73
35.98 273.24
27.15
23.41
2020
51.04
368.61
37.50 281.23
26.52
23.70
2025
52.68
380.49
39.31 292.45
25.38
23.14
10th& 11th Five Year Plan Document
State‐Wise Quality Fodder Seed Availability States
2009‐10 (M MT) Dry Fodder Green Fodder
Total Fodder
Fodder Deficit
Maharashtra
42
98
140
21%
Rajasthan
17
117
134
34%
U ar Pradesh
81
36
117
63%
Gujarat
15
58
73
25%
Madhya Pradesh
27
33
60
48%
Punjab
29
26
55
20%
Andhra Pradesh
26
14
40
37%
Haryana
19
19
38
26%
Karnataka
28
7
36
22%
Tamil Nadu
21
11
32
36%
Health Benefits of Fa y Acids in Canola Oil Compound
Family
% of total
Oleic acid
ω‐9
61%
This fa y acid plays a role in preven ng heart disease by lowering cholesterol levels. Other benefits of omega 9 are that it reduces hardening of the arteries and improves immune func on.
Benefits
Linoleic acid
ω‐6
21%
Omega‐6 fa y acid (Linoleic Acid) combined with omega‐3 fa y acid produces many of the health benefits, but the trickiest part about playing the fa y acid game is that it is the best to eat them in the right amounts. Ea ng about twice as much omega‐6 as omega‐3, so that omega‐6 to omega‐3 ra o is 2:1.
Alpha‐linolenic acid
ω‐3
10%
Research on the health benefits of omega‐3 fa y acid have shown that it may be useful for suppor ng the following condi ons: Asthma, Diabetes, Arthri s, Osteoporosis, Some Cancers, Skin Disorders, High Cholesterol, High Blood Pressure, A en on Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Macular Degenera on, Diges ve Difficul es
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Silo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Bio-wastes
Silo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Bio-wastes (SMARB)
Dr. K. T. Chandy He is recipient of na onal & interna onal award for the outstanding work in above men oned field. He is on the Editorial Board of Krishi Jagran Media Group.)
O
rganic ma er is the 'Soul of the Soil'. Soil without organic ma er will not be fer le and produc ve. Even for the proper u liza on of chemical fer lizers added to the soil will depend on the op mum amount of organic ma er present in the soil. To maintain this op mum level of organic ma er in the soil, the recommended dose of organic manure to be incorporated into the soil is 10 to 30 tonnes of per hectare per crop. It is indeed a huge amount. One way to obtain this amount is to recycle all the biomass generated in an area back into the same area a er proper compos ng. The recyclables will include the straws, stems, leaves, inflorescence, shells, covers and husks of grains and crop waste, weeds, animal byproducts like dung and urine, ca le shed waste, household and kitchen waste etc. Everything of any biomass generated in an area should be composted and recycled back into the soil. Above all nothing should be burned; by burning the bio‐wastes the soil losses all the organic ma er. The ash
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is not an organic ma er, but rather it acts like chemical fer lizers containing mostly potassium and calcium out the seventeen essen al elements required for the plant growth. Hence stop burning any of the bio‐wastes but compost them and incorporate them into the soil. The presently employed methods o f co m p o s n g i n c l u d i n g ve r m i ‐ compos ng in terms of volume have only limited capacity to compost mainly due to the small size of the compos ng structures compared to the volume of bio‐mass generated in the field. Secondly recycling of organic ma er in nature takes place in a con nuous process of degenera on and regene‐ ra on. By degenera on all the biomass produced in one genera on of plants and animals in a unit area of land is converted into organic manure by death and decomposi on; by regenera on a successive genera on of plants and animals come up in the same area absorbing the organic ma er from the soil. The key to organic farming is to
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follow the same process of degener‐ a on and regenera on consciously and fully. When we burn crop and other plant residues we are actually going against this natural process and thereby the quan ty of organic manure incorporated into the soil becomes nil. Therefore we must stop burning crops and other plant residues and follow a strategy of compos ng all the plant and animal wastes generated in a farm land and incorporate back into the soil of the same farm land. Let us call this method as “Omni‐Compos ng”. Omni means all or everything and Omni‐Compos ng means “Compos ng All or Everything.” It is also termed SMARB (Silo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Bio‐wastes). In this ar cle we consider every form of organic ma er including the human faeces as the manageable type of organic material and they should be properly managed and recycled back into the soil. Only glass, metal, stone, plas c and hard wood cannot be composted. This ar cle deals with some‐ basic structures for SMARB.
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Silo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Bio-wastes Cross Sec on View of 8X8X24 Silo
16
Shu ers wa ste
Heap of Soil heap of soil 24
of
Passage for Loader
Concrete beam over window
8
24
direc on of the movement
pipe line and water tap
Outlet Silo area 8
heap of soil
Receiving area 8
Fig. 1: Single Silo
20 to 100
Ladder
8
RCC Beam
cove
r
mat eria
ls
shu ers
als
i ter ma
16
Fig. 3 : Mul ‐Silo
16
16
Heap of soil
8
Movement of decomposing
8
Drainage Fig. 2: Double Silo
08
Outlets 8’‐8’ (LxH)
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Fig. 4 : Aerobic Compos ng
Fig. 5: vermi‐compos ng
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Organic Manure: Role in Modern Farming System
Organic Manure
Role in Modern Farming Systems
Mr Dinesh Patel, MD, Narmada Bio‐Chem Pvt Ltd
A
gricultural development strategy in developing count‐ ries needs to be geared towards increasing the produc vity of land under cul va on, with appropriate costs and proper u liza on of inputs, so that the environment stays protected. This is all the more vital b e ca u s e fa r m i n g n ow a d ays i s becoming non‐viable with respect to cost and produc vity as evidenced by the declining trends in crop produc vity, increasing chemical fer li‐ zers used and the consequent damage to the environment. All these factors are forcing the agriculture fraternity to do a rethink and consider new prac ces by modifying exis ng systems, so that environmental damage is minimized, the efficiency of inputs is enhanced and higher produc vity ensured. Prospect of organic manure in our present farming system: From a food deficit and foodgrain impor ng country, we are today one of the major exporters of foodgrains. In
fact, India is we are one of the largest rice exporters in the world. But despite these advances our yields across all major crops are half of what could be possible if only farmers followed the right agricultural prac ces. It is true that chemical fer lizers have been one of the main drivers of growth in produc on so far. But farmers have shown a tendency to overuse chemical fer lizers par cularly urea prevailing d low prices. This has led to a decline in soil richness and produc vity which call for immediate course correc on. Nutrient consump on in India is also pre y low compared to many other countries leading to con nuous mining of nutrients from the soil without replenishment. The highly chemically fer lized soil, possessing low water and nutrient reten on capacity due to low carbon content and acidifica on, leads to a builds‐up up of high levels of phosphorus and deficiencies of calcium, magnesium and boron.
The degrada on in soil health, par cularly in intensively cul vated areas manifests itself a loss in term of organic ma er and deple on of na ve fer lity. In this context, use of organic manure/fer lizers can help improve fer lizer use efficiency and crop produc vity. While we need to focus on soil nutrient management prac ces, there are a host of other management prac ces that are equally important for overall soil fer lity, including soil conserva on and llage techniques, weed management prac ceds and cropping strategies. Ini ally, organic resources were seen merely as sources of nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N). A substan al amount of research was done to quan fy the availability of N from organic resources. More recently, other contribu ons of organic inputs extending beyond fer lizer subst‐ itu on have been emphasized such as the provision of macro and micro‐ nutrients, reduc on of phosphorus absorp on capacity, increase in
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Organic Manure: Role in Modern Farming Systems carbon/organic ma er, reduc on in soil‐borne pests and diseases and improvement in soil moisture status. There are some key differences in the way that organic systems contribute to soil fer lity. These systems using nitrogen‐fixing species, add large amounts of nitrogen without withdra‐ wing it from the soil. Organic sources also differ in terms of nutrient content, mineraliza on processes (in which the nutrients in the organic compounds can become available to the crop) and the provision of other soil fer lity benefits. The poten al for produc on growth around organic nutrient inputs and s e co n d l y, t h e p o te n a l o rga n i c nutrients to catalyze tradi onal inputs
poor adop on of fer lizer best management prac ces (FBMPs) have made the task of increasing produc vity more difficult. It is high me that more a en on was paid to balanced plant nutri on to improve soil health and crop produc vity. The present scenario of stagna on and decline in produc‐ vity of most agricultural, hor cultural and planta on crops in India, despite the gene c improvements in crop varie es and heavy external inputs of chemical fer lizers and pes cides, has forced the Government to embark on a p ro g ra m m e to i m p rove o rga n i c fer lizer/manure use, with a provision of Rs. 3000 crores being made in the current budget, for this.
Constraints
The prime requisite is the promo on of a healthy soil‐plant‐ environment system to reduce land degrada on and abuse of chemical inputs. There is a need for a new of agricultural strategy through promo ng balanced and eco‐friendly farming by tweaking the present system through the use of be er soil nutrients and organic manure. However, a major drawback in the way of adop on and use of organic manure, In our country there is the poor awareness and non‐ availability of good quality organic manure. There is also a lack of proper supplies due to the bulky nature of organic manure/composed and the high transporta on cost involved. These are issues which need focus both from the government and the research
The main constraints in the promo on and adop on of organic resources are lack of government ini a ves and incen ves as also a lack of an overall policy to promote organic inputs. Most of the organic resources ava i l a b l e at t h e fa r m l eve l a re consumed for fuel purposes or as animal feed, so availability remains a major constraint. It’s also a fact that the majority of our farmers do not know that organic manure is the most important source for cul vable soil. So awareness and knowledge about the usefulness of organic manure need to be spread. In addi on, there is a need for supplementary nutrients to enrich the soil by reviving acidic soil to increase produc vity. Declining soil fer lity and
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fraterni es. Impact of chief chemical fer lizer and role organic manure: Suitable soil management prac ces help in impar ng resilience to degraded soils and make these responsive to fer lizers and others inputs for sustainable crop produc on. Cropping with appropriate prac ces not only helps in maintaining soil quality, but also imparts resilience to the system. So, good land care prac ces are the key to maintaining soil health for posterity. Maintenance of soil carbon at a reasonable level is essen al for good soil health and this imparts resilience to the eco‐system. The organic carbon status of Indian soils is very low and this is mainly due to the tropical and sub‐ tropical climate of the country. The declining availability of tradi onal source of plant nutrients like farmyard manure (FYM), compost, crop residue and green manure, coupled with inadequate and imbalanced fer lizer use, has aggravated the problem of low soil organic carbon. Rich in organic ma er, these sources greatly improves the physio chemical proper es of the soil and the microbial ac vity in it. Use
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Retrospection and Reforms Needed to Free Farm from Multiple Ministries
Retrospection and Reforms Needed to Free Farm from Multiple Ministries, Acts, Rules, Regulations, Orders and Commissions Regulating Agriculture
Dr. S. R. Rao Adviser, Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India
T
he value chain in agriculture starts with seed and ends with spoon. The European Union has termed it as "farm to fork". The main components of this value chain include land, seeds (including gene cally modified seed), water, fer lizers, pes cides, farm equipment, transport, marke ng, livestock, credit, finance, co‐ opera ves, panchayats, etc. Timely access, availability, affordability, safety and quality of inputs along with, facilita on and services by markets, banks, panchayats and coopera ves influence the farmer's efficiency and farm produc vity. All these components are highly regulated through various Acts, rules, orders and no fica ons both Central and State governments. A search in the data base of ''India.gov.in'' or India Code Informa on System (INCODIS), reveals about 150 Act /rules regula ng agriculture, the states accoun ng for 133 and the remaining 17 being Acts
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passed by the Indian Parliament since 1834. A closer look at the date reveals that different ministries and departments administer one or more of these Acts/ rules (table1). In addi on, several other Bills are rela ng to agriculture/rural development have either lapsed in the Lok Sabha or pending in the Rajya Sabha (table 2). Over and above this, various commissi‐ ons have been set up from me to me address issues rela ng to farming (table 3). In terms of administra on and governance, several ministries/ depart‐ ments are involved. For example, at the Central government level these exist the Department of Agriculture and Coopera on and Department of Agricultural Research and Educa on covering research and extension. Indian Council of Agricultural Research and its various ins tu ons, Krishi Vigyan Kendras, etc); Department of Food and Civil Supplies (covering procurement of cereals and pulses); Department of
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Health and Family Welfare, (covering Food Safety and Standards Authority for Processed Food); Department of Chemicals and Fer lizers; Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (covering issues rela ng GM crops seeds, climate change and biodiversity); Ministry of Earth Sciences (covering the Indian Mete‐ orological Department for foreca‐s ng weather); Department of Biotech‐ nology, Ministry of Science and Technology (covering risk assessment of GM crops and technology development i n a g r i c u l t u re ) ; D e p a r t m e n t o f Commerce (dealing with commercial crops like coffee, tea, rubber, co on and s i l k ) a n d D e p a r t m e nt o f A n i m a l Husbandry (covering livestock health and produc vity schemes); and Department of Rural Development and Panchayat. The state governments are equally vigorous with at least six departments/ministries regula ng and controlling agriculture directly or indirectly.
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Table 1. Agricultural Legisla ons Act
1. Land Acquisi on Act, 1894 2. Right To Fair Compensa on And Transparency In Land Acquisi on, Rehabilita on And Rese lement Act, 2013 3. The Registra on Act, 1908
Rules
1. Land Acquisi on (Companies) Rules, 1963 2. Right To Fair Compensa on And Transparency In Land Acquisi on, Rehabilita on And Rese lement (Social Impact Assessment And Consent) Rules, 2014
Other
1. Na onal Rehabilita on & Rese lement Policy, 2007 2. Registra on (Amendment) Bill, 2013
Seed Act
1. The Seed Act, 1966 2. The Seeds (Amendments) Act, 1972 3. The Essen al Commodi es Act 1955 4. The Essen al Commodi es Act 1955(Amendment upto 1986) 5. The essen al Commodi es (Amendment) Act, 2006 6. Protec on of Plant Varie es & Farmers' Right Act,2001‐Rules and Regula on
Rules
1. The Seed Rules,1968 2. The Seeds (Amendments) Rules, 1973,1974,1981
Other
1. The Seed (Control)Order,1983 2. The Seed (Control)Order,1983 3. Amendment in seeds (Control) Order, 1983 4. New Policy on seed Development 5. Amendment of New Policy on Seed Development
Water Act
1. The Water (Preven on and Control of Pollu on) Cess Act, 1977, amended 1992 2. The Water (Preven on and Control of Pollu on) Cess (Amendment) Act, 2003 3. The water (Preven on and Control of Pollu on) Act, 1974, amended 1988 4. Betwa River Board Act, 1976 amended 1977 5. NW1 Allahabad to Haldia stretch of Ganga‐Bhagirathi‐Hooghly river Act 1982 6. NW2 Sadiya Dhubri stretch of river Brahmaputra Act 1988 7. NW 4 Kakinada‐Puducherry stretch of canals and Kaluyelly tank, Bhadrachalam‐Rajahumundry stretch of river Godavari and Wazirabad‐Vijaywada stretch of river Krishna Act 2008 8. NW5 Talcher‐Dhamra stretch of rivers Geonkhali‐charba a stretch of east coast canal charba a‐dharma stretch of matai river and mahanadi delta river Act 2008
Rules
1. The Central Polu on Control Board (Amendment) Rules, 2012 2. The water (Preven on and Control of Pollu on) Amendment Rules, 2011 3. The water (Preven on and Control of Pollu on)Cess Rules, 1978 4. The water (Preven on and Control of Pollu on) Rules, 1975 5. Betwa River Board Rules, 1977 amended 1979
Other
1. Betwa River Board Regula ons 1978, amended 1982 2. Na onal Water Policy 2002 3. Na onal Water Policy 2012
Fer lizer Act
1. Essen al Commodi es Act, 1955
Other
1. Fer lizer (Control) Order, 1957/1985 (FCO.) 2. Schedule I3. Schedule III4. Schedule IV 5. Schedule V 6. Fer lizer (Movement Control) Order, 1960/1973/2001 (FMCO) 7. New Investment Policy, 2012 8. Fer lizer Amendments 2013 9. Guidelines for manufacture and sale of Customized Fer lizer under Clause 20'B' of FCO. 1985 10. Guidelines for inclusion of Fer lizers in Schedule & Clause 20'A' of FCO 11. ECA Alloca on Orders (issued bi‐annually).
Pes cide & Plant Quaran ne Act
1. Destruc ve Insect and Pests Act,1914 (2 of 1914) and Amendments 2. Insec cides Act, 1968 amended, 2000
Rules
1. Insec cides Rules,1971
Other
1. The PQ Order, 2003‐Consolidated Version 2. No fica on for Banning the Use of Monocrotophons on Vegetable (06.06.2005) 3. Order dated 13‐12‐2011 passed in Writ pe on Civil) No. 213 of 2011 filled by Democra c Youth Federa on of India Vs Union of India and Others in the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India 4. Cancella on of Cer ficate of Registra on Order, 2010 issues under the insec cides Act, 1968 5. Plant Quaran ne Order, 2004 6. Plant Quaran ne Order Amendments, 2009
Gene cally Modified Organisms (GMOs) Act
1. Environment Protec on Act, 1986 2. Protec on of Plant Varie es and Farmers' Rights Act (PPVFRA), 2001 3. Na onal Biodiversity Act, 2002 4. Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
Other
1. Na onal Seed Policy, 2002 2. Plant Quaran ne (Regula on of Import into India) Order, 2003 3. Foreign Trade Policy, 2006 4. Recombinant DNA Safety Guidelines, 1990 5. Revised Recombinant DNA Safety Guidelines, 1994 6. Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants & Guidelines for Toxicity and Allergenicity Evalua on of Transgenic Seeds, Plants and Plant Parts, 1998
Equipment Act
1. Dangerous Machine Act 1983
Rules Transport
1. Dangerous Machines (Regula on ) Rules, 2007
Act
1. Motor Vehicles Act 1988 2. Carriage by Road Act Rules 3. Central Road Fund Act and Rules 4. Control of Na onal Highways (Land and Tariff) Act 2002 5. Na onal Highways Authority of India Act 1998 6. Road Transport Corpora ons Act 1950
Rules
1. Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989 2. Na onal Highways Fee (Determina on of Rates and Collec on) Rules 3. Na onal Highways Rules 1957 4. Na onal Highways Tribunal Rules
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
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Retrospection and Reforms Needed to Free Farm from Multiple Ministries Other
1. No fica on under Motor Vehicle Legisla on 2. No fica on on Na onal Highways 3. No fica on regarding Automa ve Industry Standards
Agricultural Marke ng Act
1. Model APMC Act 2. Agriculture Produce (Grading &Marking)Act,1937 (Act No1 of 1937)as Amended Up to 1986
Rules
1. Model APMC Rules 2. General Grading &Marke ng Rules 1988 3. Organic Agricultural Produce Grading and Marking (Amendment) Rules ,2011 4. Organic Agricultural Produce Grading and Marking Rules, 2009
Livestock Act
1. The maritime zones of India (Regulation of fishing by Foreign Vessels Act), 1981 2. Indian Veterinary Council Act, 1984 (No.52 of 1984) 3. Prevention and Control of Infectious and Contagious Diseases in Animals Act, 2009 (Uttar Pradesh)
Rules
1. The Prevention & Control of Infectious & Contagious diseases in Animal Rules, 2009 2. The Prevention & Control of Infectious & Contagious diseases in Animal Rules, 2010 3. Indian Veterinary Council Rules, 1985
Other
1. Milk and Milk Product Order, 1992 2. Removal/Continuance of Restrictions on various items already under restricted list in Exim policy 3. Veterinary Council of India (Inspectors and Visitors) Regula on, 1991 4. Veterinary Council of India (Genaral) Regula on, 1991 5. Veterinary Council of India (Registra on) Regula on, 1991 6. Veterinary Council of India (Standard of Professional ) Regula on, 1991 7. Veterinary Council of India (Standard of professional conduct, E que e and code of ethics, for veterinary Prac oner)Regula on, 1992 8. Veterinary Council of India (Fees and allowances) Regula on, 1992 9. Veterinary Council of India (Minimum Standard of Veterinary Educa on Degree Course‐B.V.SC & AH) Regula on, 1993 10. Veterinary Council of India (Elec on of President & Vice‐President) Regula on, 1995 11. Veterinary Council of India (Terms and Condi on of Services of Officers and other Employees) Regula on, 2001
Food Processing Act
1. Essen al Commodi es Act, 1955 2. Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006
Other
1. Fruit Product Order (FPO),1955 2. Meat Food Product Order (MFPO), 1973
Credit and Finance Act
1. Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act, 1879 2. Northern India Act,1879 3. Land Development Act,1871 4. Agriculturalist Loans Act, 1884 5. The Banking Regula on Act, 1949
Other
1. Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) 2. Land Development Bank 3. Co‐opera ves Banks 4. Commercial Banks 5. Regional Rural Banks 6. Credit Socie es 7. Self Help Group (SHGs) 8. NABARD
Co‐opera ves sector Act
1. Mul ‐State Coopera ve Socie es Act,2002 2. Model Bye‐laws for Registra on of Socie es under MSCS Act,2002
Rules
1. NCDC Rules, 1975 2. NCDC Rules, 1975 (As amended up to 16 June 2008) 3. Mul ‐State Coopera ve Socie es Rules 2002
Other
1. NCDC General Regula ons, 1975 2. NCDC General Regula ons, 1975(As amended up to 7 March 2008) 3. NCDC Services Regula ons 4. NCDC Services Regula ons(amendment published in Gaze e of India upto 31.12.2011)
Panchayat 1. The 93rd amendment To the cons tu on (Eleventh Schedule, Ar cle 243G) accorded cons tu onal status to the Panchayats
Other Other Act
1. Biological Diversity Act, 2002 2. The Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005 3. Trademarks (Amendment) Act, 2007 (replaced the Trademarks Act of 1958 and 1999) 4. Geographical indica ons of Goods (Registra on and Protec on) Act 1999 5. The Copyright (Amendment) Act, 1999 (in place of earlier Copyright Act of 1957) 6. The Customs Act, 1962
Rules
1. Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2006 2. Geographical indica ons of Goods (Registra on and Protec on) Rules, 2002
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MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
www.krishijagran.com
Table 2 . Status of Several Bills on Agriculture/ Rural development Year
Bill
Status
2014
The Right to Fair Compensa on and Transparency in Land Acquisi on, Rehabilita on and Rese lement (Amendment) Ordinance
In force
2013
The Registra on (Amendment) Bill
Pending
2013
The Na onal Food Security Bill
Pending
2013
The Na onal Food Security Ordinance
Lapsed
2013
The Agricultural Biosecurity Bill
Lapsed
2012
The Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University Bill
Passed
2012
The Na onal Co‐opera ve Development Corpora on (Amendment) Bill
Lapsed
2011
The Na onal Food Security Bil
Withdrawn
2010
The Forward Contracts (Regula on) Amendment Bill
Lapsed
2004
The Seeds Bill
Pending
2008
The Pes cide Management Bill
Pending
2010
The Dam Safety Bill
Lapsed
2009
The Na onal Rural Employment Guarantee (Amendment) Bill
Passed
2008
The Legal Metrology Bill
Passed
2009
The Essen al Commodi es (Amendment and Valida on) Bill
Passed
2008
The Forward Contracts (Regula on) Amendment Bill
Lapsed
2007
The Rehabilita on and Rese lement Bill
Lapsed
2007
The Land Acquisi on (Amendment) Bill
Lapsed
2005
The Preven on and Control of Infec ous & Contagious Diseases in Animals (Amendment) Bill
Passed
2008
The Sugar Development Fund (Amendment) Bill
Passed
2005
The Warehousing (Development and Regula on) Bill
Passed
2007
The Na onal Rural Employment Guarantee (Extension To Jammu and Kashmir) Bill
Passed
2005
The Food Safety and Standards Bill
Passed
2005
The Standards of Weights and Measures (Enforcement) Amendment Bill
2006
The Forward Contracts (Regula on) Amendment Bill
Replaced by a new Bill
Withdrawn
2013
The Right to Fair Compensa on and Transparency in Land Acquisi on, Rehabilita on and Rese lement Bill
Passed
Table 3. Commissions directly or indirectly related to Agriculture Name of Commission
Set Up by
Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices Ministry of Agriculture Na onal Commission on Agriculture, 1976
Ministry of Agriculture
Na onal Commission on Ca le, 2001
Government of India
Na onal Commission on Farmers,2004
Ministry of Agriculture
Finance Commission of India, 1951
Government of India
Forward Markets Commission, 2014
Ministry of Finance
Investment commission of India, 2004
Ministry of Finance
Gadgil Commission, 2011
Ministry of Environment and Forests
Na onal Sta s cal Commission,2005
Government of India
Central Water Commission
Ministry of Water Resources
Agricultural legisla on in Indian country is a the legacy of the Bri sh. A er‐ independence, the number of agencies involved as well as the , rules and regula ons have, in fact, increased, contribu ng to the remarkable progress in the farm sector. The country is now not only self‐sufficient on the farm front but also a net exporter, although sizable amounts of oil and pulses are imported. But despite all the
Fig. 1: Bio‐tech‐Lab
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
17
Retrospection and Reforms Needed to Free Farm from Multiple Ministries
Fig. 2: Planted out from Bio‐tech‐Lab
progress, the expected levels of shi in agriculture from subsistence to semi‐ commercial or commercial farming and/or the tradi onal systems to improved produc on or technology Driven systems have not kept pace with the growing demands and challenges . Enlightened legisla on, however, holds out the prospect of addressing several of the shortcomings and achieving the desired progress since. Since indepe‐ ndence, a series of amendments have been made to various laws, and as the science and art of agriculture advances, new regula ons will surely be brought in, keeping in touch with interna onal developments and trea es, India has also revised some of the older laws and come up with fresh legisla on that has a bearing on agriculture. Some agricultural reform experts however argue that while laws and regula ons are essen al for any na onal agricultural system, over‐ regula on involving mul ple agencies, acts, rules and policy making comm‐ issions with li le or no cohe‐rence, synergy and relevance to the current context is not desirable. On the other hand, under‐regula on with no welfare and quality control measures is also not desirable. The dynamic nature of scien fic and technological breakth‐ roughs, increasing awareness of farmers and their role in poli cs and policy making, the market economy and ongoing economic reforms as well as the revolu on in tele‐communica ons and informa on technology point to
18
the vital need to simplify, consolidate a n d re m ove re d u n d a n c y i n t h e legisla on related to this sector. For example, the roles of government regula ons on the one hands and agricultural research and extensions, on the other, have o en been difficult to understand. Seeds, pes cides, and fe r l i ze rs a re n o w i n c re a s i n g l y distributed by poorly regulated trade and merchants, rather than by state government input enterprises that dominated the scene un l recently. As the involvement of the public sector in input provision diminishes, and with increasing recogni on of the farmer's capacity to select appropriate quality inputs, the future role of the Govern‐ ment needs to be reconsidered. Decisions regarding input efficacy will increasingly be le to markets and farmers in the future while research and extension services by the public sector provides informa on and recommenda ons. Conduc ng a comprehensive analysis of various aspects of agricu‐ ltural legisla on in any country is poten ally a huge task and it is not possible to full jus ce to its legal framework. Therefore, a few key indicators should be evolved through stakeholder consulta ons, par cularly involving farming communi es. In theory, it would be necessary to examine every relevant legal framework and how it is perceived by the people subject to it and the effects it has on the farming ecosystem.
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
An a empt was made in the d i re c o n re c e nt l y b y t h e n ew Government farming legisla on on environment The Ministry of Envir‐ onment, Forests and Climate Change (MOEF&CC) vide its order No. 22‐ 15/2014‐IA. III dated 29th August, 2014, cons tuted a commi ee to examine the func oning of the forest, wildlife and environment related statutes to improve the legal framework .To improve the legal framework of environment the expert commi ee was asked to assess the status of implem‐ enta on of each of the exis ng Act vis‐ à‐vis its objec ves, examine various court orders and judicial pronoun‐ cements rela ng to these Acts, recommend specific amendments to these Acts in line with current requirements and to dra proposed amendments in each of the aforesaid Acts to give effec veness to the proposed recommenda ons to future requirements in mind. Through a dialogue and discussion with various stake holders and to bring in a single window system for environmental clearances the commi ee decided to recommend the following course of ac on: (i) Parliament to enact a law that would cons tute 'Na onal Environ‐ ment Management Authority' (NEMA) at the Centre and 'State Environment Management Authority' (SEMA) in states. Both comprising of experts in different fields and will deal with applica ons for clearances and permissions under Environment Related laws at the Central and State level respec vely, thus leading to the crea on of a single window system. (ii) The new, Environmental Laws (Management) Act (ELMA), would o b l i ge a n a p p l i ca nt to d i s c l o s e everything about his proposed project, especially its possible poten al to pollute and the proposed solu on thereto in short, all that would be relevant to taking a decision on gran ng or refusing the clearance applied for. The proponent and the experts who support a party's case will be required by law to cer fy that 'The facts stated are true and that no informa on that would be relevant to the clearance has been concealed or suppressed.'
Canadian Organic Aquaculture
Canadian Organic Aquaculture T
he Canadian General Standards Board published Canada's Organic Aquaculture Standard in May 2012. The standard is based on the same principles as organic agriculture. It prohibits an bio cs, limits the stocking density of aqua c species, GE aqua c animals and plants chemical an ‐ foulants. Pes cide treatments are carefully restricted and feed including GE feed is ghtly controlled, including prohibi ons on growth‐promo ng hormones, ar ficial colouring and other synthe cs. Fishmeal and fish oil must be organic when commercially available, or sourced from trimmings of fish caught for human consump on from sustainable fisheries. Across Canada, more than 20 companies have been cer fied to the voluntary Canadian Organic Aquaculture Standard. These include producers of salmon, mussels, trout, sablefish, sturgeon and caviar, as well as fish feed manufacturers and fish processing facili es. Several companies are seeking cer fica on for processing organic fish waste to produce cer fied livestock feed and soil amendments. The standard is voluntary because it is not yet referenced in government regula on, so organic aquaculture products may not carry the official 'Canada Organic' logo, nor are they included in Canada's equivalency arrangements with the U.S. and EU. However, as part of the new Safe Food fo r C a n a d i a n s Re g u l a o n s , t h e Government plans to bring organic
aquaculture products into the scope of the Canada Organic Regime. This is likely to be published in the 2015 Parliamentary Gaze e and become fully implemented within the next couple of years. The Canada Organic Trade Associa on has recommended a minimum two‐year stream of commerce policy for organic aquaculture products in the marketplace, to allow all stakeholders me to come into full compliance with the law. For more informa on on Canada's Organic Aquaculture Standard, please see: www.aquaculture.ca/ files/ organic‐ standard.php The United States Department of Agriculture too con nues to work on an organic standard for aquaculture. Un l such me as that standard is approved and regulated under the USDA Na onal Organic Program, a Canadian organic aquaculture product may carry the same label claim as it carries in Canada. The product label may not bear the 'Canada Organic' logo or the USDA/NOP logo. Stephanie Wells Senior Regulatory Affairs Advisor Canada Organic Trade Associa on, Canada, Email: swells@ota.com
Fig.1: Crea ve Salmon in Bri sh Columbia
Fig.2 & 3: Target Marine Hatcheries
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
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Organic Animal Husbandry in Asia: an Overview
Organic Animal Husbandry in Asia: an Overview
Dr Mahesh Chander Head, Division of Extension Educa on Indian Veterinary Research Ins tute, Izatnagar�243 122 (UP), INDIA Email: drmahesh.chander@gmail.com
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MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
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U.S. to halt expanded use of some insecticides amid honey bee decline
T
he US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said on Thursday it was unlikely to approve new or expanded uses of certain pesticides while it evaluates the risks they may pose to honey bees. The EPA is conducting an assessment of the six types of neonicotinoids and their impact on honey bees, with its evaluation of four expected by 2018 and the remaining two a year later. Global Good News service views this news as a sign of rising positivity in the fields of environment and government, documenting the growth of life-supporting, evolutionary trends. MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
21
Challenges and Scope: Indian Oilseed Sector
Challenges and Scope
Indian Oilseed Sector
Mr. Surendra Prajapa Business Head: Cereals & Oilseeds (seeds & traits) Bayer CropScience Email: surendra.prajapa @bayer.com
I
ndia is one of the largest producer and consumer of vegetable oil in the world. Therefore, oilseeds have been the backbone of India's agricultural economy for a long me. India's vegetable oil economy is the fourth largest in the world, next to the USA, China and Brazil. In terms of cul vable area and produc on, oilseed crops play the second most important role in Indian agriculture a er food grains. Due to a favorable climate, a large variety of oilseeds are cul vated in India, the major ones being: groundnut, rapeseed & mustard, castor seed, sesamum, niger seed, linseed, safflower, sunflower and s o y b e a n . H o w e v e r, g ro u n d n u t , rapeseed/ mustard, soybean and sunflower account for a major por on of India's oilseed output. These nine oilseed crops and some planta on crops enabledus to produce about 8 million tons of edible oil regardless ofmore than 17 million tons of annual edible oil consump on. India
22
imported about 10 million tons of vegetable oil during 2012‐13 valued at INR 56,000 Crores (USD: 10.3 billion). Per capita edible oil consump on in India is 14kg/year, which is far below the world average of 25.9kg, EU 59 kg, USA 54 kg and China 25 kg/year.
Sunflower, Nigerseed, 0.3% 1.8% Sesamum, Linseed, Safflower, 0.3% 2.2% 0.5 % Castor, 7.0%
Groundnut 17.7%
Soybean 46.0% Rape & Mustard 24.2%
Chart 1: Contribu on of different oilseed crops in Produc on of oilseed (2012‐13) Source: 20th Annual group mee ng July, 2013 (AICRP‐RM)
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
www.krishijagran.com Projec on of Edible Oil (EO) demand in India Par culars / assump ons
2015
2020
2025
2030
Expected Popula on (billions)
1.29
1.36
1.42
1.48
Per capita consump on of EO (kg/annum)
14.57 16.38
19.45
23.1
Total Edible Oil requirement (millionmt)
18.79 22.27
28.2
34.1
Total oilseeds requirement (millionmt)
56.37 66.8
84.6
102.3
Source: Vision 2030 (DRMR, Bharatpur)
9.0
Area (Mha)
Production (MMT)
Productivity (Kg/Ha)
8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0
1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500
03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-1 0 10-11 11-12 12-13 Chart 2: Area and Produc on trend of rapeseed‐mustard Source: 20th Annual group mee ng July, 2013 (AICRP‐RM) & DRMR webpage
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
23
The women making a song and dance about farming
The women making a song and dance about farming “A song about farming in Norway has become a surprise hit on YouTube - but it's not just about the female choir and a wholesome rural idyll. Instead it's part of an intense debate online about the future of agriculture in the country.
“
P
erched on bales of hay and wearing green overalls, a group of young women sing a song praising farmers. The women are university students and members of a choir called Pikekoret IVAR. Their song en tled "Norway
Needs the
Farmer" has been viewed more than 163,000 mes. They drive tractors, feed cows and eat hamburgers. It seems light hearted ‐ but there's a clear poli cal message. They do dance rou nes with shovels and rakes in hand while singing: "Several genera ons have looked a er the farm, but government reforms destroy the norms. Could we have a
24
new government in this country please?" In one scene, as soon as the women in the choir see a character which resembles the country's Minister for Agriculture, Sylvi Listhaug, they down tools and chase her around a field. "Long live the farmer! Listhaug you can just give up." they sing. Minister Listhaug is part of a government that wants to make fundamental changes to the way farms are run, including lowering payments to farmers, who in Norway receive one of the highest levels of subsidy in the world (according to the OECD). The government also wants to scrap a long‐ standing law which makes it a duty to live on the farm, to change inheritance laws around farms and also change how farm land is sold. The changes poten‐ ally pave the way for larger farms and more efficient food produc on, which the government says will reduce Norway's notoriously high food prices.
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
But the women behind the hit song oppose the changes. "We don't want big farms. It's not good for the animals or the environment," says Gina Marie Ovale, who grew up on a farm and helped write the lyrics to the song, which are clearly in support of small farmers and against cheaper, imported food. Ovale says "the idea of the song is to give a boost to farmers." "Yes, food prices are high here," she acknowl‐ edges. "But people's salaries are also high." A spokesperson for the minister told "the video is one of several poli cal statements being made before the upcoming annual agricultural agree‐ ment nego a ons. The Ministry has no comment to make about the video."
Agriculture News
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Denmark's filling to organic farming
India has 6 lakh organic farmers
enmark's Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries is busy employing a very ambi ous strategy for increasing organic food availability in the country. Primarily this involves doubling of organic farming output in the country. The ministry's 67‐point plan focuses heavily on a more organic public sector. The government has provided $60.8 million for the plan and is aiming to strengthen coopera on between municipali es, regions and ministries to involve the public sector to the maximum in the enterprise. Alterna ve ownership and opera on models are also a part of its plan. The Defense Minister Mr. Nicolai Wammen has said that the provision of organic and healthy food in defense canteens will be 1.1 million kg annually.
ou read it right. It is not developed countries like the US or Italy, but developing na ons like India that are leading the way in chemical‐free agriculture. Reports from the Interna onal Federa on of Organic Agricultural Movements (IFOAM) reveal that nearly 80% of organic farmers are based in developing countries with India having a whopping 600,000 cer fied organic producers. Their count in Uganda is nearly 200,000 and nearly 170,000 in Mexico. IFOAM's data reveals the rapid growth of organic farming with the industry worth $64 billion worldwide. As many as 200,000 farmers get organic cer fica on every year.
D
C
Y
Organic food demands up nted 92% of organic sales in the U.S. , which accounts for over 4% of the more than $900 billion in annual food sales. In India, too organic food market revenues are expected to grow at a combined annual growth rate (C AG R) of approx. 25% between 2014‐2019. Rising health consciousness among Indian consumers, higher disposable income and the expanding middle class are the factors behind the higher organic food demand.
onsumers and advocates of clean, wholesome, non‐ bioengineered commodi es have a reason to cheer. Record sales have been witnessed in a few of the world's largest produce markets. The United States for instance, witnessed an increase of nearly 12% in its organic food market in year2013. The Organic Trade Associa on (OTA) forecasts a similar growth rate in both 2014 and 2015. Also, an OTA survey revealed that food represe‐
Global organic market at 72 billion US dollars
T
he posi ve trend of the past con nues: consumer demand increases, reflected in the significant market growth of 11.5 per cent in the US, the world's largest organic market. More farmers cul vate organically, more land is cer fied organic, and 170 countries report organic farming ac vi es (up from 164) as shown in the 2015 edi on of the FiBL‐IFOAM study 'The World of Organic Agriculture'. MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3
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Agriculture News
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Amira diversi ies product range Amira Nature Foods, a leading global provider of packaged Indian specialty rice, launched its organic food range at ”Gulfood 2015” at the Dubai World Trade Centre. The company will focus on basma and brown basma rice, kidney beans, chick peas, whole wheat flour brown chana and tur dal. The company has been working with 7500 farmers for cul va ng various organic crops over 12000 hectares. Amira has already set up organic rice farming projects in the Terai region of India. Other loca ons for organic farming have also been iden fied, (len ls and beans) including Sikkim and the Bhilwara region of Rajasthan, Gujarat (Kesar mangoes) and the tribal belt of Odisha (cashew).
Organic farming convention organized
T
he Organic Farming Associa on of India (OFAI) organized its 5th Na onal Organic Farming Conven on from February 28 to March 2 in Chandigarh. The convec on is a binominal event. This year Mr. Andre leu, president of 'IFOAM‐ Organics Interna onal' was present on the occasion and launched the India edi on of his book “The Myth of safe pes cides”. The convec on is a ended by thousands of farmers, ac vists, scien sts and policy makers who discus and share their experiences. The aim is to strengthen collec ve work for sustainable agriculture and safe food. This conven on act as a significant pla orm for providing technical and marke ng support to organic farmers for strengthen the overall organic farming movement in India.
I
USDA move for non-GMO certification
nspired by the popular 'USDA organic' label, the U S is proposing a new government cer fica on for foods free of gene cally modified ingredients. The food industry, which backs Rick Pompeo's bill, has strongly opposed individual state efforts to mandate labeling, saying such labels would be misleading because GMOs are safe. Pompeo's bill would override any state laws that require labeling. Even though organic foods must be USDA‐cer fied to carry any organic label on a package, the USDA non‐ GMO cer fica on would not be required for every food that bills itself as non‐GMO. The idea is that the USDA‐cer fied non‐GMO foods would have a special government label that companies could use to market their foods.
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