Volume II | Issue 3 | March 2016 | `70
AGRICULTURE
W RLD The Pulse
ROLE OF ACC DEAMINASE PRODUCING SOIL BACTERIA IN AGRICULTURE
Global Agriculture
FOOD SAFETY REGULATIONS OF SOME PROPRIETARY MILK PRODUCTS
FARM SIZE AND PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY
Echoing Sustainable Environment and Agriculture krishi.jagran
@krishijagran
www.krishijagran.com
Now with
Forward Reverse Tractor without operating clutch and gear Save time, Increses Productivity
Warranty on Engine
YEAR Or
Now
Hrs
John Deere India Pvt. Ltd. 3rd Floor, Tower-15, Cybercity, Magarpatta City, Hadpasar, Pune-411013. For more information please call the numbers listed below or contact your nearest dealer Ameya : +91 7028018192 Anuj : +91 9922950349
available in Models
www.krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE
W RLD Volume 2 Issue 3 March 2016
contents ROLE OF ACC DEAMINASE PRODUCING SOIL BACTERIA
MILLION JOBS IN WATER CONSERVATION
06
Soil bacteria is a type which can deaminase certain organic compounds. Deamination is removal of an amine group from a molecule
Life originated in water and in and through water only all forms of life have to survive, develop and complete their life cycle
16
22
30
FARM SIZE AND PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY Farm size which provides an opportunity to a man for producing sucient farm products to support himself and his family
20
JOHN DEERE: A TRUSTWORTHY COMPANION John Deere tractor is a specimen of a modern and multi-application machine which can be used by farmers in a variety of tasks
A Farmer`s Friend: DCB Bank Narendra Nath Mishra
24
Agriculture World is printed and published by: M. C. Dominic 60/9, 3rd Floor, Yusuf Sarai Market, Near Green Park Metro Station, New Delhi 110016. Tel: 011-26511845, 26517923, Mobiles: +91-9313301029 - +91-9654193353. Email: info@krishijagran.com, editor@krishijagran.com • Web: www.krishijagran.com Printed at: Pushpak Press Pvt. Ltd., 203-204, DSIDC, Okhla Ph.-I, New Delhi - 110020
FOOD SAFETY REGULATIONS OF SOME PROPRIETARY MILK PRODUCTS
38
milk products can not be manufactured, distributed, sold or imported. No license will be issued either by the Central or State Governments
Vision is to create Dr Kalyan Goswami
Total Page 44
Editor-in-Chief MC Dominic Directors Sr. Executive Editor
Assistant Editor Correspondent
V.P. Int. Business Marketing Head GM - Marketing Sr. Manager Marketing Marketing Manager Sr. Executive Marketing
Circulation Head Sr. Executive Circulation
Head Pre-Press Designer Accounts Office Assistant
Shiny Emanuel MG Vasan Dr. KT Chandy RK Teotia Chander Mohan Ruby Jain Imran Khan Manish Chauhan Sagar Malhotra Deepshikha Sameer Tiwari Pooja Mishra D.D. Nair Gavrilova Maria Sanjay Kumar Farha Khan KJ Saranya Sara Khan Megha Sharma Afsana Malik Chunki Bhutia Poonam Bishwakarma Rinki Pundir Laxmi Pandey Soniya Mahajan Shifali Mahajan Preeti Chauhan Kanchan Singh Punam Pradhan Rachael Xavier Agnes Marry Hema Sharma Ritika Raju Jannet Johnson Rajni Kumari Karishma Lehri Meena Pandey Priya Tripathi Aayesha Khan Furkan Qureshi Aslam Rasul Khan Nishant K Taak Rahul Singh Abdus Samad Sujata Gautam Anku Yadav Pappu Ray Mohit Prashant Sharma Dharmendra Kumar Yogesh Kumar KB Indira Prem Kumar Ranjan
DD Nair VP International Business (Russia & CIS Countries) 6 Mikluho-Maklaya STR, Moscow, Russia 117198 Mob: +7903729 98 30, Tel: +7499501 99 10 Email: ddnair@krishijagran.com M Mezhukanal E-16F - 33, Hamriya Free Zone, Sharjah, UAE Mob: +971 50 2870465 Email: mezhukanal@krishijagran.com All rights reserved. Copyright @ Krishi Jagran Media Group. Agriculture World is published by Krishi Jagran Media Group. Editor: MC Dominic Disclaimer: While every care has been taken to ensure accuracy of the information contained in this publications, the publishers are not responsible for any errors or omissions that might have crept into this publications. No part of this publication may be reproduced or kept in a retrieval system, without the express permission of the publishers.
A
mong the numerous soil bacteria is a type that facilitates ethylene production at the root zone of crop plants by the deaminization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC). Using the knowledge about this phenomenon and depending on the situation and need of the crop plants in the eld, compounds giving out growth inhibiting ethylene can be introduced at the root zone to get the desired e ect aiming for a better economic bene t from the crop. e theoretical and the practical aspect of if technology is brie y explained with appropriate gures by Yogendra Singh Gusain & Santosh Kumar Yadav. It is a highly scienti c and technical type of article based on hard research undertaking by the authors. John Deere has had a long history of introducing technologically advanced equipment to ful ll the increasingly challenging requirements of their customers. In a write up `John Deere: A trustworthy companion` the tractor is a specimen of modern and multi-application machine which can be used by farmers in a variety of tasks. e food safety & standards regulations of 2011 have speci ed standards for 377 food products. Pradip Chakraborty, Former Director, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, details the food safety regulations of some proprietary milk products in a short article. e details given on the procedure of the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) in the formulation of food safety standards till the opinion is procured from WTO is very informative for anyone to enter into milk product business. For economic viability the size of the farm holding is becoming more important than a few decades ago. ough per unit yield may be more in small holdings the surplus available to the market is far from being adequate. As farming is becoming more and more a business the small and marginal farms are becoming uneconomical. Highlighting this aspect Dr. Chandy analyzes the inherent relationship between farm productive e ciency and farm size in our country urges the need for a policy change from uneconomically operated farm holdings to an economically viable holdings to make India agriculture sector sustainable. is year many people did not celebrate Holi because they had no water supply. is type of situation is going to become more and more frequent in the coming years and signs of it are ominous. Dr. K. T. Chandy in his article on Million Jobs in Water Conservation: World Water Day eme for 2016- Water and Jobs: Revisiting Watershed Management in Hilly and Mountainous Areas is presenting a practical solution both for the regeneration of water sources as well as for generating millions of jobs for the poor and the needy. Proper implementation of the theme of 2016 World Water Day, will be a meaningful investment capable of generating long term returns of accountable and unaccountable nature and magnitude. M C Dominic Editor�in�Chief dominic@krishijagran.com
MILLION JOBS IN WATER CONSERVATION WORLD WATER DAY THEME FOR 2016 WATER AND JOBS REVISITING WATERSHED
WATER & JOBS
MANAGEMENT IN HILLY AND MOUNTAINOUS AREAS
humans are the ones who create water shortage and hence it is their responsibility to preserve water on this globe for the beneямБt of all living beings in it
06
Yogendra Singh Gusain* & Santosh Kumar Yadav*
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
07
WATER & JOBS
Similar to Blue Mountains ranges in Australia suitable mountain ranges can be planned for ecotourism or wild animal sanctuaries with strict monitoring. The natural status of this area should never be disturbed
WATER & JOBS
Slopes above 20% should be placed under perenniel forest cover to regenerate all the springs & streams originating from mountains
08
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
09
WATER & JOBS
Watershed management is not only a practice but also a philosophy based on socioeonomic and political justice. It is an environmentally sound and ideal approach for a community based participatory development action
WATER & JOBS
A sketch of a watershed with all its drainages look like the veins in a leaf. All these drainages small and big together maintain the water cycle on the watershed
10
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
WATER & JOBS
A watershed has not only an area but it has other dimensions such as height and depth with reference to the surface. It has a space or air volume vertically above the watershed area. Similarly, it has a depth dimension comprising of the earth volume vertically
12
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
13
WATER & JOBS
Watershed is also a complex of chemical elements and their reactions. The elements are present in the watershed volume in solid, liquid and gaseous forms
WATER & JOBS
Watershed is not only a ecogeographical but also a socioeconomic and political unit
Dr. K.T. Chandy (Agronomist & Re red Professor Environment and Natural Resource Management with Jus ce Xavier Ins tute of Management, Bhubaneswar).
14
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
BACTERIA IN AGRICULTURE
The phytohormon e ethylene plays an important role in plant growth development including germination, root-hair initiation, leaf and ower senescence and abscission, fruit ripening, nodulation and response to wide variety of stresses
16
ROLE OF ACC DEAMINASE PRODUCING SOIL BACTERIA IN AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
Yogendr
krishijagran.com
Interaction of a bacterium containing ACC deaminase with both formation of stress ethylene and environmental damage to the plant
Fig-1 krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
17
BACTERIA IN AGRICULTURE
ra Singh Gusain* & Santosh Kumar Yadav*
Some of the newly synthesized IAA is taken up by the plant and in conjunction with the endogenous plant IAA, can either stimulate plant cell proliferation and elongation
BACTERIA IN AGRICULTURE
Fig-2&3 Plant ethylene production as a function of time following an environmental stress. (A) In the absence of any exogenous bacteria. (B) In the presence of an ACC deaminase producing plant growth-promoting bacterium (Glick et al., 2007)
The ACC deaminase producing bacteria act as a source of sink for ACC and thus reducing the amount of ACC within the cell
Fig-4 Schematic representation by which ACC deaminase-producing bacteria attached to plant roots lower ethylene biosynthesis. A key enzyme ACC synthase that converts AdoMet (S-adenosylmethionine) to ACC is induced by various biotic and abiotic factors including increased IAA concentrations. Bacterial uptake and hydrolysis of ACC exuded by plant roots (to maintain the equilibrium between internal and external ACC) prevents ethylene accumulation which inhibits plant growth. IAA, indoleacetic acid; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid; AdoMet, S-adenosylmethionine (Husen et al.2008).
18
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
Yogendra Singh Gusain* & Santosh Kumar Yadav** *Department of Forestry, College of Forestry, Ranichauri249199 (Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar). **Department of Agronomy, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India-263145 krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
19
BACTERIA IN AGRICULTURE
One strategy to overcome the limitation of drought stress could be to promote root growth, to allow water uptake from the deeper parts of the soil proďŹ le. Another strategy could be to lower the stress induced ethylene
FARMER’S FRIEND
A FARMER'S FRIEND: DCB BANK DCB Bank has comprehensi ve range of products and services, contemporar y technology and infrastructur e including state of the art internet and mobile banking
We all have heard that a friend in need is a friend indeed. This proverb actually suits on DCB bank, A farmer's friend. It not only provides kisan credit cards or various loans but it also plays an important role in a farmers lives. Being a guide, it not only fulfills farmer's need but also make them aware about the different schemes run by the government. DCB Bank Limited is a modern emerging new generation private sector bank with 176 branches across 17 states and 2 union territories. It is professionally managed and governed. DCB Bank has comprehensive range of products and services, contemporary technology and infrastructure including state of the art internet and mobile banking. It is a Scheduled Commercial Bank regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. To know more about the function of a bank, Krishi Jagran team exclusively has an interaction with DCB Bank's Head for Agri& Inclusive Banking Head, Mr. Narendra Nath Mishra. He put emphasis on farmers to take benefit from various schemes running by the government. Q Tell us something about the bank policies and agri products which you are selling to the farmers and agri sector through your bank?
DCB Bank provides farmers various products. We provide farmers farm equipment loans which is basically a tractor loan, harvester loan. DCB Bank also provides kisan credit cards, loans for hi-tech agriculture. We provide loan to farmers which is against gold ornaments. If the farmers want to build houses so we provide home loans also. So, basically the range of products which will be related to farming needs which is currently available.
20
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
Q How many states DCB Bank is covering?
DCB Bank branches are present in17 states and would be adding more states and more branches in existing states too. Q What is the procedure for tractor loan?
Q It's a customer hire services now-a-days because people are taking it to farm basically those are farmers only but at the same time they are levelling their land and neighbours land also? What do you think about that?
For tractor loan, DCB Bank has executives to interact with customers and dtractor dealers. We have tie-ups with most the manufacturers of the country and the customers can directly apply and also our executives go to the villages and enquire who is interested in buying tractors and dealers also refers the cases to us if a person comes to them to buy a tractor.
It is the customer's choice on how they want to utilise their machinery.
Q What is your bank's interest rate? Is it similar to all the other nationalised bank's interest rate or is there something different policy?
There are few State Governments provide subsidies such as the Government of Odisha. It provides subsidy for agri machinery such as harvesters andtractors. If there is any subsidy programme of theGovernment,we make our customers aware about it. So, customers havea choice whether they want to go through a subsidy programme and fulfill all the subsidy norms also.
It depends on the nature of customers, security offered, the amount of funding. DCB Bank's interest rate pricing is competitive in the market. Q Do you mortgage land for giving tractor loan?
Q Which are the major companies your bank is dealing with?
The Bank provides tractor loanfor all major tractor manufacturing companies such as Mahindra and Mahindra, TAFE, ITL, New Holland, Kubota, Mitsubishi, Escorts, amongst others. Q Are you providing loans on implements?
Yes, DCB Bank does provide loan forpurchase of implements as for those attached with tractors. We also provide harvester loans. Q Are you also providing loans in post-harvesting machinery?
DCB Bank has a product specifically to finance warehouses, sorting, grading machines and other storage infrastructure. Q What about the land levellers?
At the moment we don't have got much demand for land leveller machinery.If the DCB Bank customer is a farmer who wants a land leveller we'll work it out for customer, provided the customer is eligible for a loan. krishijagran.com
Q Is it possible for farmers to have two loans at a time?
Yes it is possible. Infact some of the farmers are taking both loans that is for crop and for implements/tractors as well. Q Which is your customised loan for a croping pattern?
DCB Tractor Loan is our customised loan for a croping pattern. It can be annual or it can be six monthly also. Customer can choose to give higher EMI's in the beginning and lower EMI's in the end. So it is very flexible for the customer. There are farmers who are doing vegetable farming and want monthly EMI's and also there are customers want to pay once in a year because they have one crop in a year . Customers having 2 crops (Rabi and Kharif), want to pay half yearly. We go by cashflow method and customer convinence. Q Are you associated with NHB scheme?
NHB/NHM provides subsidy to farmer customer for sepcific puprose and and customers can avial such facilities through our bank in accordance with NHB/NHM policy.
DCB Bank understands that requirement and therefore suggests appropriate Loan solution for customers based on their requirement
Q Any thing you would like to suggest to the farmers?
The critical thing is crop protection. The farmers who are growing high intensive crops like paddy, sugarcane, which consumes higher water, takes higher nutirents from soil and decrease productivity. If we can have 1 cereal and one pulse/oilseed crop alternately depending on the geographical conditions the soil health and water table would improve. Secondly, my suggestion to the farmers is that Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme is an improvement over the previous crop insurance scheme. The premiums have been reduced, simplified, the compensation amount has also been increased; therefore, every farmer should take crop insurance under the scheme. Even if they donot take a loan they can still take crop insurance. So, now that the norms are liberalised and very helpful for the farmers they should take benefit from this. AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
21
FARMER’S FRIEND
DCB BankTractor Loans almost 99% of funding is without hypothetication of land. Around 1% of farmers have mortgage because mortgage requires more time. Mortgage of land involves a lot many procedures The customer has to submit land papers to the Bank, we have to undertake legal scrutiny of land records, and then inform the Government department under mortgage processUsually the famer may not have all that much time on hand while puirchasing tractors. The customer now-a-days wants faster processess. DCB Bank understands that requirement and therefore suggests appropriate Loan solution for customers based on their requirement
Q Are you getting any kind of government support to sell these kind of policies and services on the discounted pattern?
JOHN DEERE:
COVER STORY
A TRUSTWORTHY COMPANION This constant engagement and disengagement of the clutch leads not only to the early wear of the clutch (and consequent lower life) but also in physical difďŹ culties for the drivers and operators
22
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
23
COVER STORY
John Deere provides a warranty of 3 years or 3000 hours for the clutch on Power Reverser transmission based tractors
EMPOWERING FARMERS
VISION IS TO CREATE INNOVATIVE INTERNATIONALLY COMPETITIVE RESEARCH BASED INDUSTRY
The Seed Industry has played a vital role in supporting agriculture to meet the needs of the not only fast growing, but economically advancing population
24
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
Q
Q
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
25
EMPOWERING FARMERS
India has a potential to become the seed provider to the world generating employment in rural areas and bring prosperity to Indian farmers
EMPOWERING FARMERS
Mission is to 'Encourage investment in “State of the Art” R&D to bring to the Indian farmer superior genetics and technologies, which are high performing and adapted to a wide range of agro-climatic zones
26
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
Q
Q
krishijagran.com
Q
EMPOWERING FARMERS
Chander Mohan Sr. Execu ve Editor Krishi Jagran, New Delhi Mob: 9891311166 Email: cmohan@krishijagran.com
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
27
ßÔÁ¿ø¸ æ±á. í
FARM SIZE & PRODUCTIVE
Economic holding is a farm size which provides an opportunity to a man for producing sufďŹ cient farm products to support himself and his family
30
FARM SIZE AND PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
31
FARM SIZE & PRODUCTIVE
Dr.Dr. Kalyan Goswami K.T. Chandy
It is clear that the average size of holding has been steadily declining in almost all the states due to the increasing pressure of population
FARM SIZE & PRODUCTIVE
The operation of large farms was usually more proďŹ table than the smaller counterparts largely because the former sought a higher return on their capital
32
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
33
FARM SIZE & PRODUCTIVE
If the imputed costs of maintaining family workers are taken into account, the cost advantages of larger farms under the new technology would appear even larger
FARM SIZE & PRODUCTIVE
The sub-division and fragmentatio n of holdings lead to an increased cost of production and made the agriculture on expensive enterprise
34
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
35
FARM SIZE & PRODUCTIVE
Restrictions are, therefore, necessary on future partition and exchange or transfers. A future sub-division of farms can be prevented through
FARM SIZE & PRODUCTIVE
The National Commission on Agriculture is of the view that consolidation should not only be made compulsory but should be expeditiously
Dr. K.T. Chandy (Agronomist & Re red Professor Environment and Natural Resource Management with Jus ce Xavier Ins tute of Management, Bhubaneswar).
36
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
FOOD SAFETY
FOOD SAFETY REGULATIONS OF SOME PROPRIETARY MILK PRODUCTS
Milk products other than these are considered as proprietary milk products since these are not been standardized under the regulations
38
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
F
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
39
FOOD SAFETY
Pradip Chakraborty
Other proprietary milk products like Cheese Card containing milk fat, salt, solid non fat, milk protein, residual lactose also granted product approval by FSSAI
FOOD SAFETY
The product prepared by spray drying of cow milk, buffalo milk or a mixture thereof containing carbohydrate s such as sucrose, dextrose and maltodextrin
Sr.
Characteristics
Requirements Skimmed milk dairy whitener 4
Low fat dairy whitener
1
Moisture, % w/w, Max.
2
Milk Fat, % w/w.
3
Milk protein % w/w, Min.
23
21
17
15
4
Insolubility Index, ml, Max.
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
5
Total ash (on dry weight basis) ,
6.1
6.1
5.3
4.5
Not more than 1.5
4
Medium fat dairy High fat dairy whitener whitener
More than 1.5 upto 10
4 More than 10 upto 20
4 More than 20 upto 26
% w/w, Max
40
6
Acid Insoluble ash, % w/w, Max
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
7 8
Added sugar (as sucrose, % w/w, Max) Titrable acidity maximum, % (as lactic acid)
24 1.5
24 1.5
24 1.5
24 1.5
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
krishijagran.com
Former Director Food Safety and Standards Authority of India E mail : pradipchakraborty 91@yahoo.com Mob : 09953689010
krishijagran.com
AGRICULTURE WORLD | MARCH 2016
41
FOOD SAFETY
Pradip Chakraborty
Since Food Safety & Standards Regulations, 2011 have speciďŹ ed standards for 377 food products
Published on 25th & Posted on 27th - 28th of Every Month
RNI No.-DELENG/2015/65174
Postal Reg. No. DL-SW-1/4191/16-18