Krishi jagran agriculture world september 2015

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Volume I | Issue 9 | September-2015 | `70

AGRICULTURE

W RLD NEW HOLLAND

A FORERUNNER IN BIO-METHANE TECHNOLOGY

GROWING TECHNIQUES OF ROSES UNDER PROTECT

FOOD SECURITY WITH SAFE FOOD

ESSEN MULTIPACK A GREEN HOUSE LEADER

Echoing Sustainable Environment and Agriculture www.krishijagran.com




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AGRICULTURE

W RLD Volume 1 Issue 9 September 2015

contents 06

FOOD SECURITY WITH SAFE FOOD

ROLE OF SULPHUR IN OIL SEED PRODUCTION

Without mentionin food safety standards of at least the major millets, pulses and oil seed crops.

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Provided to the crops as basal dose of one of the various compounds available in the market.

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CROP PROTECTION VS AGROCHEMICALS Crop productivity is dicult to separate from the eect of high yielding varieties responsive to chemical fertilizers

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NEW HOLLAND: A FORERUNNER IN BIO-METHANE TECHNOLOGY With strong support of technical expertise and financial backing has exhibited tractors run on biomethane in Milan Expo 2015.

BREAKING THE MYTHS SURROUNDING THE ANTI GMO

AGROCHEMICAL REGULATIONS Consider dierent factors like arable surface, productivity and technology

ESSEN MULTIPACK A GREEN HOUSE LEADER

Bring immense economic contribution at the bottom-of-the pyramid – the marginal farmer, who grows a variety of neglected crops

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To protect the plants from the vagaries to harsh climate, greenhouses have increasingly become an indispensable part of modern agriculture

GROWING TECHNIQUES OF ROSES UNDER PROTECT Quality flowers are obtained in areas with bright sunny days, cool nights, moderate humidity and absence of strong winds

Reefer Fleet Girish Aivalli Rural Agri Ventures India Pvt. Ltd.

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Helping the poor Ms Joanna Kane Potaka, ICRISAT

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Agriculture World is printed and published by: M. C. Dominic 60/9, 3rd Floor, Yusuf Sarai Market, Near Green Park Metro Station, New Delhi 110016. Tel: 011-26511845, 26517923, Mobiles: +91-9313301029 - +91-9654193353. Email: info@krishijagran.com, editor@krishijagran.com • Web: www.krishijagran.com, www.kjcommoditynews.com Printed at: HT Media Press, B-2,Sector 63, Noida - 201301, Dist. Gautam Budh Nagar (U.P.)

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Agri-Machinery Replacing Diesel with Methane

Editor-in-Chief MC Dominic Directors

Shiny Emanuel MG Vasan

Sr. Executive Editor Dr. KT Chandy RK Teotia Chander Mohan

T

o many people the terms Food security and food safety sound the same. Pradip Chakraborty, former director, food safety standards authority of India de nes and distinguishes these terms in his article on Food Security with Safe Food . Further to the advantage of many he enumerates the food safety standards of important food items like rice and wheat. It remains incomplete without mentioning food safety standards of at least the major millets, pulses and oil seed crops.

Editorial Head Sanjay Kumar Senior Correspondent Ruby Jain Correspondent Aniket Sinha Kanika Chauhan Imran Khan Admin Head Chetram Marketing Head PS Saini

e oil reserves of the earth like petrol and diesel are getting exhausted and the whole world is talking about alternative sources for powering our farm machines. In this respect New Holland an international company spread out in di erent parts of the world with strong support of technical expertise and nancial backing has exhibited tractors run on bio-methane in Milan Expo 2015. Dr. K.T. Chandy in his article on New Holland: A Forerunner in Biomethane Technology introduces in detail the New Holland and its partners as a potential player in the Indian agri-machinery scene especially replacing diesel with methane.

DGM - Marketing Farha Khan Sr. Manager Marketing KJ Saranya Marketing Manager Sara Khan Asst. Mktg. Manager Jyoti Sharma Megha Sharma Sr. Executive Marketing Afsana Malik Chunki Bhutia Poonam Bishwakarma Geeta Rawat Aruna Jana Rinki Pundir Soniya Mahajan Shifali Mahajan Circulation Head Nishant K Taak Sr. Executive Circulation Chander Dev Bhatt Rahul Singh Abdus Samad Sujata Gautam Anku Yadav Sukumar Dalai Pappu Ray Head Pre-Press Dharmendra Kumar Designer Yogesh Kumar Accounts Preetha M Nair KB Indira Office Assistant Prem Kumar Ranjan

The whole world is talking about alternative sources for powering Farms Machines

In the article that follows the role of sulfur in oil seed production is highlighted by four PhD scholars Narendra Jat, Arvind Verma, Priyanka Kumawat and M. K. Choudhary. Sulfur place a great role in increasing the oil content of any of the oil seed crops. It is provided to the crops as basal dose of one of the various compounds available in the market. e best example of contraries and contradictories existing together in the nature is the ideological tussle between agro-chemicals and crop protection. is national and international level controversy is highlighted by Chander Mohan in his article on Crop Protection Vs Agrochemicals from India to World Market. is is followed by the article on Agro-chemical Regulations in LatinAmerican Countries by Santiliana describing the scenario of crop protection using chemical pesticides. Incidentally Latin American countries are agriculturally important in global scenario and most pesticide companies and vying with each other to establish their market in them. e controversy around GM crops is creating a lot of uncertainty among the farmers as well as common people interested in the food security and safety. e article by K. Vijayaraghavan on Breaking the Myths Surrounding the AntiGMO Propaganda gives a clear picture of GMO both from the scienti c and research structure point of view.

DD Nair VP International Business (Russia & CIS Countries) 6 Mikluho-Maklaya STR, Moscow, Russia 117198 Mob: +7903729 98 30, Tel: +7499501 99 10 Email: ddnair@krishijagran.com

Farmers are more and more forced to grow their crops under 100% controlled conditions. e best technology for the same is the green house technology of which Anand Zambe high-lights in his article on Essen Multipack: A Green House Leader . e future of vegetable and ower cultivation will mostly be in green houses. Europe is already into this technology.

M Mezhukanal E-16F - 33, Hamriya Free Zone, Sharjah, UAE Mob: +971 50 2870465 Email: mezhukanal@krishijagran.com

ere are hundreds of varieties of roses in cultivation and they are perhaps the most common owers sold in the market sold both for adorning various occasions and to prepare the valuable rose water and other perfumes. e article by M. K. Singh, S. S. Sindhu, D.V.S. Raju and Sanjay Kumar on Growing Techniques of Roses under Project is very educative even to ordinary farmers. ey have described all the necessary techniques for growing roses in a commercial manner to make it a business by any one.

All rights reserved. Copyright @ Krishi Jagran Media Group. Agriculture World is published by Krishi Jagran Media Group. Editor: MC Dominic Disclaimer: While every care has been taken to ensure accuracy of the information contained in this publications, the publishers are not responsible for any errors or omissions that might have crept into this publications. No part of this publication may be reproduced or kept in a retrieval system, without the express permission of the publishers.

M C Dominic Editor�in�Chief editor@krishijagran.com


NHMT Food Security with Safe Food

F

ood Security Act which has been passed by the Indian Parliament in 2013 is confused by some people with “Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006”. The "Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006" is meant to regulate and monitor the manufacturing, processing, distribution, sale of import of food so as to ensure safe and wholesome food, "Food Security Act, 2013" is meant to ensure availability of food grains to the Indians as per following norms: Beneficiaries of the Public Distribution System (PDS) are entitled to get 5 kgs per person per month of cereals at the following prices: 1)

Rice at Rs 3 per kg,

2)

Wheat at Rs 2 per kg and

3)

Coarse Grains at Rs 1 per kg.

In a country of 1250 million people, it is a very difficult task to ensure Rice/Wheat/Coarse Grains of 5kg per person per month through Public Distribution System. While ensuring quantity, quality of food grains are to be maintained as per Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 is applicable to domestic and imported food products. However, export is not within the purview of FSS Act, 2006. Hence the food grains supplied under Food Security Act, 2013 must comply with the standards specified in the Food Safety and Standards Regulations, 2011 (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) in 2.4.6. As per the regulations, food grains meant for human consumption shall be whole or broken kernels of Cereals. They shall be free from Argemone, Mexicana and Kesari in any form. They shall be free from added coloring matter. The Food grains shall not contain any insecticide residues other than those specified in Regulations 2.3.1 of

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FOOD SECURITY WITH SAFE FOOD Food Safety and Standards (Contaminants, Toxins and Residues) Regulations, 2011. The amount of insecticide residue in the food grains shall not exceed the limits specified in Regulation 2.3.1 of the said Table Food Safety and Standards (Contaminants, Toxins and Residues) Regulation, 2011. The food grains meant for grinding / processing shall be clean, free from all impurities including foreign matter (extraneous matter). The standards for Rice shall be as follows: Rice shall be the mature kernels or pieces of kernels of Oryza sativa Linn. obtained from paddy as raw or parboiled. It shall be dry, sweet, clean, wholesome and free from unwholesome poisonous substance. It shall also conform to the following standards: I. Moisture - Not more than 16 per cent by weight (obtained by heating the pulverized grains at 130-133 degree Celsius for two hours). II. Foreign matter - Not more than 1 per cent by weight (Extraneous (of which not more than 0.25 per cent by weight shall be mineral matter)

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NHMT New Holland: A Forerunner in Bio-methane Technology

New Holland: A Forerunner in Bio-methane Technology

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ew Holland is a company collaborating with CNH Industrial, manufacturing various types of agricultural machineries such as tractors and tractor drawn implements like ploughs, cultivators and seedrills, harvesters, combines, balers and haying tools, selfpropelled sprayers, hobby tractors, utility vehicles and implements, grapes harvesters and a variety of other products. CNH Industrial is an Italian company but registered in the Netherlands. It produces and sells agricultural and construction equipments, trucks, commercial vehicles, buses, and special vehicles by IVECO and power trains for industrial and marine applications by Fiat Powertrain Industrial. CNH is present in all major world markets and still focusing on further expansion in high-growth markets, including joint ventures. New Holland originally was a US Company

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founded in 1895 in New Holland, Pennsylvania and existed as an independent entity till 1970s when it was acquired by Sperry Corporation followed by Ford Motor Company in 1986, and by Fiat in 1991. Since 1999, New Holland is a brand of CNH Global New York (CNH Industrial NV) Stock Exchange which is majorityowned by Fiat Industrial. Fiat Industrial an Italian company served as a holding company for the activities of truck manufacturer IVECO while an 89.3% stake rested with the agricultural and construction equipment producer CNH Global and Fiat Powertrain Industrial, which is engaged in industrial and marine activities which were formerly part of Fiat Powertrain Technologies. Fiat Powertrain (FPT) Industrial included industrial and commercial power train activities. As a result of partial and proportional demerger of Fiat S.p.A. from Fiat Industrial S.p.A., on 2001 and Fiat Powertrain Technologies S.p.A. it was split into Fiat Powertrain and

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New Holland: A Forerunner in Bio-methane Technology

FPT Industrial S.p.A. Fiat Industrial S.p.A. produces industrial, marine and commercial engines and Fiat Powertrains continued its activities as before. CNH Industrial NV through its brands, designs, produces and sells trucks, commercial vehicles, buses, special vehicles, agricultural and construction equipment, in addition to engines and transmissions for those vehicles and engines for marine applications. The company also provides equipment financing services. It was also incorporated in November 2012 and became operational at the end of September 2013 following the integration of Fiat Industrial S.p.A. and CNH Global N.V. Fiat Industrial, a global leader in the capital goods sector, was created on January 1, 2011 through the demerger of CNH, Iveco and FPT Industrial from Fiat Group. www.krishijagran.com

CNH, one of the top players worldwide in the agricultural and construction equipment sectors, was created in November 1999 through the merger of New Holland N.V. and Case Corporation. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and on Borsa Italiana: it is a constituent of the FTSE MIB index. A brief profile of CNH Industrial N.V. is given in Box No.1. Though the manufacturing of New Holland equipments is done all over the world, the administrative and manufacturing headquarters is located in Turin, Italy, (Fig-1) while the New Holland, in Pennsylvania serves as the headquarters for North America with a centre for the largest hay tools production facility in the world. With 18 plants spread all over the world, as well as six joint ventures in the Americas, Asia and Middle East, the corporation is 2015 SEPTEMBER

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present in 170 countries worldwide. During the past few years NH was awarded a few times for its products, designs, and innovative features. Recently it developed the NH2, a hydrogen powered tractor. New Holland also owns trademarks for specific innovation on its products such as ABS Super Steer system, Opti Fan System, Intellifill system and others. The brand is also known to the wider public for being the Juventus F.C. main sponsor from 2007 to 2010. The name IVECO first appeared

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Fig. 1: Fiat in Turin

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NHMT New Holland: A Forerunner in Bio-methane Technology Box No 1: CNH Industrial N.V. Type

Naamloze vennootschap

Tradedas

BIT: CNHI, NYSE: CNHI

Headquarters

London, United Kingdom

Area served

Worldwide

Key people

Sergio Marchionne (Chairman) Richard Tobin (CEO)

Products

· Agricultural Equipment · Construction Equipment · Trucks and Commercial Vehicles · Buses, Special Vehicles · Industrial and Marine · Powertrains

Revenue

€ 25.778 billion (2013)[1]

Total assets

€ 40.941 billion (2013)[1]

Total equity

€ 5.556 billion (2013)

Owner

Exor S.p.A. (27.20%)

Number of employees

71 192 (end 2013)

Website

CNHIndustrial.com Box No 2: Iveco world headquarters

Type

Public limited company

Industry

Manufacturing

Founded

1975 in Turin

Headquarters

Turin, Italy

Key people

Franco Fusignani

Products

Heavy commercial vehicles, medium commercial vehicles, light commercial vehicles, quarry, construction site vehicles, special vehicles, city and intercity buses, firefighting vehicles, defense vehicles

Revenue

€4.9 billion

Number of employees

Approximately 25,000

Parent

CNH Industrial

Website

iveco.com

in 1975 after a merger of an Italian, French and German brands in 1975 gave rise to IVECO (Industrial Vehicles Corporation) based in Turin, Italy but is fully under the control of CNH Industrial Group. It designs and builds light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles, quarry/construction site vehicles, city and intercity buses and special vehicles for applications such as fire fighting, off-road missions, the military and civil defense. Its production plants are located in Europe, Brazil, Russia, Australia, Africa, Argentina and China, with over 5,000 sales and assistance points in over 160 countries. The worldwide output of the company amounts to around 150,000 commercial

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vehicles with a turnover of about € 10 billion. Box No.2 gives the summary profile of IVECO. The shortest and the best description of FTSE MIB is a quote from the internet, “The FTSE MIB (Milano Italia Borsa which was S&P/MIB till June 2009) is a benchmark stock market index for the Italian national stock exchange, Borsa Italiana, which superseded the MIB-30 in September 2004. It consists of 40 most-traded stock classes on the exchange and was administered by Standard & Poor's until June 2009, when this responsibility was passed to FTSE Group, which is 100% owned by the Borsa Italiana's parent company London Stock Exchange Group.” Fig 2. gives panoramic view Fiat Plant at Verrone, Itally. It is clear from the above description that New Holland is a world renowned multifaceted nodal company interlinking with several other leading companies technically sound, financially strong and administratively excellent and is ever ready to venture into new innovative agriculture technologies and machineries with the same theme of Milan Expo 2015 in Italy, namely “food for all, giving food security with sustainable agriculture”. New Holland introduced in the same Expo a future generation tractor which could play a leading role in the future agriculture production technology. It has developed tractors that can be run on biomethane. Because depending on the type of fuel and the amount of time a tractor or machine is used, fuel and lubricant costs will usually

Fig. 2: Fiat Plant at Verrone, Italy www.krishijagran.com



NHMT New Holland: A Forerunner in Bio-methane Technology

Fig. 5: A Sample of Farm based Bio-Methane Plant in EU

domestic and 4 multinational corporations manufacturing various utility tractors and is a significant contributor of world agricultural products attempting to feed 1250 million mouths besides those in other countries through exports. It produces tractors well adapted to various soil and agro-climatic conditions such as extremely wet to extremely dry areas to perform a host of operations in its rural agrarian situations. With 45% of its area under cultivation of one or other crops India will remain as the highest potential user of various types of tractors in the world. Efficiency in tractor use on the farm depends on mainly two factors: (1) Maintaining the engine efficiency of fuel consumption and the mechanical efficiency of the drivetrain, (2) Maintaining the tractive efficiency of the traction devices maximum and (3) fixing an optimum travel speed for a given tractor-implement system. Even at the best of the efficiency the fuel consumption and its annual cost will remain substantial. Though the fuel consumption depends on the type of fuel used and work done and the number of hours the tractor is operated, it is estimated that on an average, fuel and lubricant costs will usually represent at least 16 per cent to over 45 per cent of the total machine costs. Certainly fuel

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consumption plays a significant role in the selection and management of tractors and equipment used in agriculture. Indian scenario The Indian scenario is crystal clear. Having at least 300 out of 365 days of bright sunshine a year throughout the length and breadth of country and with 45% of the land under up to three crops a year the photosynthetic and bio-mass production potential is unmatched with any other major countries in the world. Hence India's capacity to produce bio-fuel is also very high: almost unlimited. India's total bio-fuel requirement was estimated to be 3.6 million tonnes in 2011–12, with the positive performance of the domestic automobile industry. On 12 September 2008, the Indian Government announced its 'National Biofuel Policy'. It aimed to meet 20% of India's diesel demand with fuel derived from plants. India happens to be the world's fourth largest energy consumer and a consumer of crude and petroleum products after the United States, China, and Japan. The net oil import dependency of India rose from 43 per cent in 1990 to 71 per cent in 2012 that resulted in a huge strain on the current account as well as the government exchequer. Transport

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sector accounts for the largest share (around 51 per cent) in terms of consumption of petroleum products in India. Nearly 70 per cent of diesel and 99.6 per cent of petroleum are consumed by the transport sector and the demand is expected to grow at 6–8 per cent over the coming years in tandem with the rapidly expanding vehicle ownership. Evidently, India's energy security would remain vulnerable until alternative fuels based on indigenously produced renewable feedstock are developed to substitute or supplement petro-based fuels (Government of India, 2008). A number of alternative energy options coupled with various initiatives towards energy efficiency improvement and energy conservation are being promoted in India to deal with an impending crisis. Among the portfolio of renewable energy alternatives that are available, bio-fuels, especially ethanol and biodiesel have emerged as a preferred option, especially for the transport sector in India. The objective is to reduce dependence on imported crude oil in order to enhance the country's energy security. The other reasons behind promotion of bio-fuels in India include climate change mitigation through reduced greenhouse gas emission, environmentally sustainable development, and generation of new employment opportunities (Government of India, 2008). Indian bio-fuel history, though short, has two stages: 1) bio-ethanol trial period and 2) bio-methane trial period. Due to many reasons the present emphasis is on bio-methane. It began with cowdung gas or gobbar gas mainly for cooking and to a lesser extend for lighting but is extended to production of the same gas from all types of animals and human excreta and kitchen wastes including food items. Methane (CH 4 ) is a gas that is naturally generated when any biomass is www.krishijagran.com


New Holland: A Forerunner in Bio-methane Technology decayed or decomposed under anaerobic condition. It can be produced from any type of bio-mass from the rural and urban bio-wastes. Hence bio-methane generation is getting global acceptance as a means to generate the valuable source of energy as well as a means to get rid of the problem of waste accumulation in the rural and urban areas. Bio-methane is environment friendly fuel and its utilization would address global concerns ab out cont ainment of carb on emissions. The transportation sector has been identified as a major polluting sector. Use of bio-methane has, therefore, become necessary in view of the tightening automotive vehicle emission standards to curb air pollution. Of the world's top 20 polluted cities, 13 are in India compared to just three in China. Air pollution slashes life expectancy by 3.2 years for the 660 million Indians who live in cities, including Delhi. Hence the urgency of falling in line with bio-methane innovation in the world would be the easiest of increasing agricultural production as we as pollution control in the mega cities of India. Bio-methane are derived from renewable bio-mass resources and, therefore, provide a strategic advantage to promote sustainable development and to supplement conventional energy sources in meeting the rapidly increasing requirements for transportation fuels associated with high economic growth, as well as in meeting the energy needs of India's vast rural population. Bio-methane can increasingly satisfy these energy needs in an environmentally benign and cost effective manner while reducing dependence on import of fossil fuels and thereby providing a higher degree of National Energy Security. The growth of bio-fuels around the globe is spurred largely by energy security and environmental concerns and a wide www.krishijagran.com

range of market mechanisms, incentives and subsidies have been put in place to facilitate their growth. Developing countries, apart from these considerations, also view biofuels as a potential means to stimulate rural development and create employment opportunities. In the context of the International perspectives and National imperatives, it is the endeavour of a national level policy to facilitate and bring about optimal development and utilization of indigenous biomass feed-stocks for production of bio-methane. The Policy also envisages development of the next generation of more efficient bio-fuel conversion technologies based on new feeds-tocks. The Policy sets out the Vision, medium term Goals, strategy and approach to bio-fuel development, and proposes a framework of technological, financial and institutional interventions and enabling various mechanisms to be in place. Indian bio-fuel policy The Indian bio-fuel policy aims at mainstreaming of bio-fuels and, therefore, envisions a central role for it in the energy and transportation sectors of the country in coming decades. The Policy will bring about accelerated development and promotion of the cultivation, production and use of bio-fuels to increasingly substitute petrol and diesel for transport and be used in stationary and other applications, while contributing to energy security, climate change mitigation, apart from creating new employment opportunities and leading to environmentally sustainable development. 2.2 The Goal of the Policy is to ensure that a minimum level of bio-fuels become readily available in the market to meet the demand at any given time. An indicative target of 20% blending of bio-fuels, both for bio-diesel and bio-ethanol, by 2017 is proposed. Blending levels prescribed in regard 2015 SEPTEMBER

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to bio-diesel are intended to be recommendatory in the near future. The blending level of bio-ethanol has already been made mandatory, effective from October, 2008, and will continue to be mandatory leading up to the indicative target. Biogas in India Biogas bottling plants are one of the most potent tools for mitigating climate change by preventing black carbon emission from biomass chulhas (ovens), since biogas is used as a cooking fuel. Also, methane emissions from untreated cattle dung and biomass waste are also avoided. The purified biogas is bottled in CNG cylinders and wherever CNG is currently used, bottled biogas can be used as an alternative. Biomass resources such as cattle dung, agricultural waste and other organic wastes have been one of the main energy sources for mankind since the dawn of civilization. There is a vast scope to convert these energy sources into biogas which is a clean, low carbon technology for efficient management and conversion of fermentable organic wastes into a cheap and versatile fuel and bio/organic manure. It has the potential for leveraging sustainable livelihood development as well as tackling local and global land, air and water pollution. Biogas obtained by anaerobic digestion of cattle dung and other loose and leafy organic matter/biomass waste can be used as an energy source for applications like cooking, heating, space cooling/refrigeration, electricity generation and as gaseous fuel for vehicular application. Based on the availability of cattle dung from about 304 million cattle, there exists an estimated potential of about 18, 240 million cubic meter of biogas generation annually. At the household and institutional level various types bio-gas plants are popular in India as shown in Fig 6. Household level bio-gas

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INTERVIEW

NHMT

“mr. KOOL” Empowers India's Cold Chain and Agribusinesses Infrastructure The company offers customized reefer transport solutions for perishable products at economical rates Rural Agri Ventures India (RAVI), a professional business incubation start-up serving emerging India's needs across agri-business sectors has introduced 'mr. KOOL'- its customized reefer eet solutions for perishables. mr. KOOL is offered at economical prices with excellent cross-connectivity on major operating routes across the country. The state of the art, GPS-enabled reefer vehicles can maintain temperatures ranging from -25 to 25 degree Celsius. These vehicles carry everything from ice creams, fruits, vegetables to oriculture and medicines. mr. KOOL's drivers are especially trained to sense the nature of cargo ensuring safe, fast and on-time delivery. The company believes in transparency and provides online tracking for its customers along with E-POD availability. Commenting on the reefer business vertical of Rural Agri Ventures India, Mr. Girish Aivalli, MD & CEO, RAVI, adds, “India is one of the largest producers and consumers of perishables - there is consequently significant demand for efficient cold storage and transportation to prevent wastage and losses. mr. KOOL is Rural Agri Ventures' modest effort at augmenting the cold-chain infrastructure in India. Committed to easing bottlenecks in the farm to fork chain, mr. KOOL will also empower farmers to reach across to more distant markets. He further added that RAVI is happy that business has gained significant traction - whilst on the social impact front, in less than five months of operations mr. KOOL has already saved 41,86,000 Kgs of food from rotting. mr. KOOL is certified by FSSAI, ISO and provides full load, part loads and group age shipments . Rural Agri Ventures Agro-logistics vertical serves clients cross food, agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.

About the Company: Rural Agri Ventures India Pvt. Ltd. Rural Agri Ventures India Pvt. Ltd. is a professional business incubation firm set up recently to build a knowledge-based, customer-focused and technologically driven company to cater to the underserved yet critical rural and agribusiness industry. The founder and director, Ms. Raakhe K. Tandon (also the CEO and MD of RAAS Capital India Pvt. Ltd., a financial services holding company) is an entrepreneur with a vision to enter socially impactful areas as well as bring capital to one of the least served sectors – agriculture and agri-business. Rural Agri Ventures India operates strategic business verticals in 1.Renewable Energy 2.LED Lighting 3. Agro-logistics 4.Agri infrastructure and, 5.Animal Feed. With the said mission and conviction, Rural Agri Ventures India's role lies in transforming India by devoting itself to the causes strengthening and reinvigorating rural and agricultural ecosystems.

SUBSCRIPTION Year

Rs.

US$

1

700

100

2

1300

200

3

1800

300

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NHMT Role of Sulphur in Oil Seed Production

ROLE OF SULPHUR IN OIL SEED PRODUCTION ABSTRACT To minimize the gap between the demand and supply of cereals, oilseeds and pulses, intensive efforts are being made to increase their production. As everincreasing population and urbanization cannot allow increase in the land area under the cultivation of cereals, oilseeds and pulses anymore due to the pressure on land, hence, yield per unit area needs to be improved further. To achieve this objective, agricultural scientists have laid more emphasis on improving production of oilseeds and pulses through proper nutrition of the crops by evolving high yielding varieties and adopting improved agronomic practices as well as plant protection measures, etc. The most important constraints to crop growth are those caused by the shortage of plant nutrients. Sulphur (S) requirement of plants has become increasingly importance in India as well as world agriculture. However, to achieve high yields and rates of S fertilizer should be recommended on the basis of available soil S and crop requirement. INTRODUCTION Viewed in global context, India occupies premier position in global oilseed scenario according for about 21.7 per cent area and 10.7 per cent of production (FAO, 2010). Oilseeds form the second largest agricultural commodity after cereals in India, producing 31.01 m t from 26.8 m ha area (Economic survey, 2012-13). Sustainable production requires efficient use of inputs including adequate and balance fertilization. Sulphur is one of the sixteen essential elements required for optimum crop growth. It is considered as the fourth most important essential element after N, P and K for crop production and is actively involved in plant growth, seed yield, oil and protein synthesis as well as improved quality of produce owing to its role in enzymatic and metabolic processes (Hussain et al., 2011). In general, sulphur requirement of oilseeds is higher than those of cereals crops. Oil seed crop absorb 11-12 kg S to produce 1000 kg of seeds. Average sulphur content in the oil seed is 1.1 per cent as compared to 0.3 per cent in pulses and 0.2 per cent in cereals (Hedge and Sudhakerbabu 2009). Sulphur is a key nutrient for oil seed production because in the plants, sulphur takes parts in the formation of oils, proteins and glucosides and the sulphahydral linkage which provide the source of pungency in oil. It is also a structural constituent of amino acid (cystine, cysteine and methionine), involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll, vitamins and metabolism of carbohydrates. Sulphur compounds are of importance for plant protection against pest and environmental stress, and for food quality. Plant dry matter

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generally contains 0.2% to 0.5% sulphur which is comparable to their P and Mg content. Sulphur application in sulphur deficient soils improves oil content in oil seeds and increase protein content and yields in legumes. SOIL SULPHUR STATUS IN INDIAN SOILS In India at present 240 districts of 18 states having S deficiency which was in 130 districts in early 1990s

C A B

A = 45% districts having more than 40% soil samples deficient in S B = 40% districts having 20-40% soil samples deficient in S C = 15% districts having less than 20% soil samples deficient in S *Data based on the analysis of 60,000 soil samples www.krishijagran.com




INTERVIEW NHMT

Helping the poor to overcome poverty, hunger and protection of environment through better agriculture

T

he International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is a nonprofit, non-political organization that conducts agricultural research for development in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa with a wide array of partners throughout the world. Covering 6.5 million square kilometers of land in 55 countries, the semi-arid or dry land tropics have over 2 billion people, and 644 million of these are the poorest of the poor. ICRISAT and its partners help empower these poor people to overcome poverty, hunger and a degraded environment through better agriculture. Applying scientific innovations backed up with adequate policy, marketing and other support services, they are able to increase their crop productivity and incomes by several-fold, while improving the resilience of their lands and livelihoods. The Agriculture World Team had interaction with the Joanna Kane-Potaka, Director, Strategic Marketing and Communication, ICRISAT to explore the role of ICRISAT for the benefit of the Farming Community as well as the rural poor. Ms Joanna Kane Potaka elaborated the role of ICRISAT by answering the following questions:

Ms Joanna Kane-Potaka, ICRISAT

The Role of ICRISAT in helping the poor to overcome poverty, hunger and protection of environment through better agriculture?

Science-backed solutions are critical to achieving these goals. Also we can only achieve this through partnerships. Partnerships are needed at all levels – with the community leaders and local organizations as well as with governments, other research and international organizations.

ICRISAT's overall goal is to improve the lives of rural communities living in the dry lands – these are the harshest environments where there are persistent water shortages, drought conditions are common, land degradation is heavy, and climate change is expected to lead to even more extreme conditions. The dry lands cover 41 percent of the earth's surface and are inhabited by 2.5 billion people - 35 percent of the world's population. They account for the majority of the world's poor and are home to 93 percent of the world's malnourished people. Dry lands are home to the poorest and most marginalized people in the world, so need special attention and solutions to suit their specific challenges. The Vision, Mission and Approach of ICRISAT, please elaborate ICRISAT's mission is to overcome poverty, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the dry lands. Our vision is that these communities will become prosperous. We believe it is possible to make farming profitable in these areas through scientific advancements and to achieve this through environmentally friendly and sustainable means. www.krishijagran.com

In the changing scenario, where the limit of land holdings for small & Marginal farmers, how ICRISAT is helping these farming community people in India, Africa and other Asian Countries! ICRISAT takes a holistic approach and helps right across the whole agricultural value chain. This is shown in the agricultural value chain diagram we created. This includes solutions to ensure sustainable intensification of farming through: managing soil and water; crop improvement and seed access; diversifying farming; and developing on-farm practices and technologies. As well as on-farm solutions we also look at solutions to build agribusiness through: introducing processing technologies; facilitating market access; and driving market development. All this must be undertaken in consonance with the social and cultural environment. There are a number of key cross-cutting issues that ICRISAT believes are critical for sustainable success and

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NHMT INTERVIEW need to be incorporated at all stages along the agricultural value chain. These include: empowering women, mainstreaming nutrition and attracting youth to agriculture. Developing solutions in partnership is not enough, we also have to make extra efforts to ensure adoption of the solutions and that this leads to positive impacts. Our approaches for adoption include: a participatory approach and partnering; building capacity; integrating communications; monitoring and evaluation for continual feedback; and policy support. In India the farmers are depending on the God`s mercy for rain, whether ICRISAT is involved in preserving the Agricultural value chain

Janki Bai reaping the benefits of the watershed project (Photo: ICRISAT)

individuals as well. For example, Janki Bai from Dungaria, a remote village in Madhya Pradesh state in India, participated in a watershed project and gave up an acre of land for a water harvesting pond. This turned her barren 10-acre field and neighboring drylands into cultivable land. The watershed project helped farmers conserve rain water; grow new crops and better crops; and above all transformed their thinking. You can see her story and the changes for the whole village atwww.icrisat.org/womenleaders-jankibai.htm The Methodology and approach ICRISAT is adopting for paving the way for prosperity in concerned areas? Yes, ultimately we need to make farming profitable. This is not only critical to bring smallholder farmers out of poverty but the urban folk and the whole world depend on this.

rain water? We have a very strong watershed development program which has been implemented in, for example, the desert areas of Rajasthan, across the state of Karnataka in India through to Ethiopia. Our entry point to work with rural communities often starts with managing the water as this can have one of the largest effects on agricultural productivity. One example is in the Telangana village of Kothapally where the village was suffering from acute water shortages, land degradation and poor agricultural and livestock productivity. A consortium was formed, the community led the way, scientific advice was provided and initial interventions were selected to trust built. After trust was established, a holistic approach was then taken with interventions across the whole agricultural value chain. Some impacts included groundwater availability increasing from 3.5m to 6m, reduced surface run off 3040% and soil loss reduced from 10 t/ha to 2t/ha. Ultimately family incomes doubled in 4 years. We have documented some of the stories of

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Talking about the rural communities, 90% of the world's farmers are in developing countries. Seven out of ten people living in sub-Saharan Africa are farmers compared to the United States where the ratio is two out of a hundred. The future of rural people in developing countries, their livelihoods, their health and their survival is dependent on making agriculture profitable. However, even the rest of the world is dependent on these smallholder farmers. Around 500 million smallholder farms are responsible for 4/5 of food supplies in developing countries. The world population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, requiring world agriculture production to increase by 70%. How ICRISAT is working that is on yearly basis or the five year planning? We have an overall strategy and focus areas but most of our work is by projects which are typically 3-4 years. It is very competitive to raise funds for projects and requires a continual effort. We prefer longer term projects so a full commitment and follow through is possible. We also try to have projects that build on the work already undertaken. It is important we can give longer term commitment to the communities. Also some of the high-end science likes genomics and breeding for higher performing crop varieties can take up to 8 years of research before we produce products that can be introduced to farmers. Then we still

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INTERVIEW NHMT have to work on all the other elements of the agricultural value chain I mentioned before. Although our projects may be 3-4 years, most of our investors have partnered with us for much longer, even decades, and we establish long term relationships. What are pinpointed targets of the ICRISAT? Specific targets are set for each project. It can vary significantly for high-end scientific research projects through to on the ground development projects. This year we have started developing country strategies so in the future we will have country specific targets. These are being developed now for the countries we work in Africa as well as a number of states in India. The way of functioning to improve the livelihood of the villagers - with the help of local Governments or NGOs? Working in partnership is critical for us. Also we typically take a catalyst role and also provide the scientific back-up. For example in our watershed development work in Ethiopia this approach was critical to the success. We ensured a community driven approach – where the community structures are set up so they can make the key decisions. Also local government and universities are brought in as the key partners to lead the process. ICRISAT initiated the efforts but played a catalyst role and provided technical backstopping as needed. Any tie-ups with the Agricultural Universities of the country`s concerned or from your own Labs? We have partnered with over 80 universities across 25 countries, in Africa, Asia, Europe, America and the Pacific. Capacity building is also a key part of our work so there is sustainability of follow-on work and progress. In 2014 we had nearly 9,000 training courses and scientific visits. Approximately 40% were scholars, 40% interns and 20% fellows. How you foresee the future of ICRISAT, any futuristic development project? There are new developments especially in the genomics area, with digital agriculture and also in new approaches to linking research and development. Recent advances in genomics and molecular breeding technologies provide new opportunities to accelerate breeding approaches almost halving the time of conventional breeding of improved crop varieties. However, the public sector breeding programs s e r v i n g s mallholder A Bhoochetana farm facilitator shows a group of farmers how to test soil, Karnataka, India (Photo: ICRISAT) farmers in South www.krishijagran.com

Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have been falling behind, mainly due to large infrastructure requirements and technical expertise required. ICRISAT hopes to establish a lowcost and highthroughput genotyping facility that can serve the small holder farmer needs. Digital agriculture is another area ICRISAT (Photo: Joanna Kane-Potaka, ICRISAT) is looking to accelerate. There are many digital services starting up largely providing information to farmers through mobile phones. ICRISAT has been exploring sustainable business models that can best service the small holder farmer have more and better access to information. Linking research to development is the third area I mentioned which is about ensuring scientific advancements are adopted and benefit the small holder farmer. To strengthen our efforts in this area, last year we set up the ICRISAT Development Center - IDC. One focus for IDC is to tackle large-scale adoption. We developed some good lessons learnt and recipes of success for large scale-adoption. Over the last few years we have been working with the Karnataka state government in India. In the first 3 years of the Bhoochetana project we reached 3 million farmers leading to 20-66% crop yield increase and 5.6-11% rise in food production across the state as compared to stagnant growth in the 5 previous years. Overall we saw that $1 invested through this project led to $3-14 return. Your advice to the International Farming Community and the expectation from them? Achievements will be strongest if we work in partnership – farming communities, NGO and development agencies, the government and scientific research organizations. We need new technologies and science-backed approaches. We need farmer-centered solutions because if the farmer does not benefit from developments the solutions will not be sustainable. It is also important to attract youth to agriculture. If we don't attract youth to agriculture we risk a production crisis. The youth can bring new ideas and are keen to introduce technologies.

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Interviewed by– Chander Mohan Sr. Execu ve Editor Krishi Jagran, New Delhi

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NHMT Crop Protection vs Agrochemicals From India to World Market

CROP PROTECTION VS AGROCHEMICALS FROM INDIA TO WORLD MARKET

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gricultural Chemicals (Agrochemical) are a common component of Rural Communities and Farms. These may include any number of products from pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers which is anhydrous ammonia or disinfected products. Many of these products can be hazardous if used inappropriately. The agrochemicals (pesticides, hydro gels, plant growth regulators etc.) have played a pivotal role in the past in increasing agricultural productivity and production, and in protecting and preserving the human and animal food, feed, health and the belongings. Lately, these have become a topic of public debate, owing primarily to their non-judicious and unscientific use.

output has to double in the next 20-30 years. The United Nations prediction for the year 2030 is that there is likely to be 1.7 billion more people to feed worldwide. Farmers must have access to crop protection solutions to grow more food per acre. The increase in food grains production is always seen as Green Revolution. The benefits of crop protection chemicals for enhancing and protecting crop productivity is difficult to separate from the effect of high yielding varieties responsive to chemical fertilizers .

Nevertheless, it is generally agreed that these chemicals are indispensable to meet the food, health and other needs of the burgeoning human and animal population. Thus, a policy on their use needs to be in place.

Increasing demand of food grains & declining farmlands in India have increased pressure on farm yield improvement and reduction in crop losses due to pest attacks. Indian crop protection market was estimated at $ 3.8 billion in 2011-12 with exports constituting about 50 percent of the market. The crop protection market has experienced strong growth in the past and is expected to grow further at approximate 12 percent per annum to reach $ 6.8 billion by 2016-17.

In order to feed the world`s population, agriculture

India takes justifiable pride in the fact that it has

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Crop Protection vs Agrochemicals From India to World Market achieved food security despite a rapidly rising population. Riding the first Green Revolution, we have achieved record breaking food grain production figures year after year. In 2011-12, India's food grain production stood at a record 259.29 million tonnes. But, as we stare at a scenario where land under cultivation will decline with a simultaneous increase in population and the number of mouths to feed, we have to ensure that food grain production per hectare increases. This increase in production to meet the growing need for food grains can be achieved only through greater emphasis on agrochemical and their judicious use. The increase in output per unit of land can be achieved only when the benefits of agrochemicals and the awareness about their optimum use reach the last farmer. It is pertinent to note here that India's agrochemicals consumption is one of the lowest in the world - at 0.6 kg per hectare compared to US (4.5 kg/ha) and Japan (11 kg/ha). This highlights the fact that a large number of our farmers are either not using agrochemicals to protect crops and boost yields or are not adequately aware about their optimum usage.

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represent only 4.2 percent of the overall pesticide market in India, are expected to exhibit an annual growth rate of about 10 percent in the coming years. Indian crop protection industry is largely dominated by insecticides which form about 65 percent of share of the industry. Other segments like herbicides, fungicides which other (rodenticides/ nematocides) form 16, 15 and 4 percent, respectively. The major function of agrochemicals is to address the problem that hinders the growth of crops. It is a widely used term that includes fertilizers and pesticides. Agrochemicals help to increase the productivity of the crops by supplying needed nutrients and providing protection from various diseases and pests, without harming the environment. Thus, the focus of industry

The chemical pesticides will continue to play a role in crop protection for the foreseeable future, in part because the new pesticide products are far more ecofriendly, and in part because competitive alternatives are not universally available. The general public is easily frightened when the press talks about chemical pesticide, because they have been told so often that all `pesticides are killers` To clear the myth already prevailing that pesticides are harmful, Our efforts are there for clearing the doubts of the concerned is significant in bringing the New Green Revolution by enhancing the yield of the crops and protecting the crops from any type of diseases and pests. The growth would be largely driven by export demand which is expected to grow at 15-16 percent per annum while domestic demand is expected to grow at 12% percent per annum. Bio-pesticides, which currently

players is not only to develop and launch agrochemicals, but also to train its end-users about the proper use of these chemicals. Weeds, insects and fungus diseases reduce yield in the agriculturally developed countries by an average of 25percent. In other regions, and in less favorable conditions, losses run at around 40 percent and in the case of rice, are actually estimated at 50 percent. The use of toxic chemicals to combat pests is by no means new. The fumigant value of burning sulphur, advocated the insecticidal use of arsenic. By the 16th century, the Chinese were employing moderate amounts of arsenical compounds as insecticides, and at least three hundred years ago the first natural insecticide - the nicotine in extracts of tobacco was in use against the plum curculio and the lace bug. By 1828, another plant,. pyrethrum, was providing a second natural insecticide and in the middle of the 19 th century, soap was added to the list of insecticides, for it was being used to kill aphids. Sulphur had been advocated as a fungicide on peach trees. The use of pesticides accelerated between 1920 and 1940 and the number and complexity of the materials employed increased simultaneously. Two advances of

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NHMT Crop Protection vs Agrochemicals From India to World Market

note occurred during the Second World War. One of these, the discovery of the insecticidal properties of DDT, was made in Switzerland and the second, the introduction of insecticidal organophosphorous compounds, was a German success. Although discovered in 1942, the great insecticidal potential of DDT was not fully appreciated until 1944, when it enabled a severe typhus epidemic in Italy to be brought under control, In 1942 BHC (benzene hexachloride) was discovered in the biological laboratories on Imperial Chemical Industries Limited in England. Several organic substances had found rather restricted use as fungicides long before the success of the organochlorine and organophosphorous insecticides gave additional impetus to the search for new materials. Organomercury compounds had been marketed as seed dressings since 1912. In 1931 a patent was issued to an American firm covering the fungicidal uses of the

dithiocarbamates, a group of fungicides which has proved to be one of the most valuable introduced so far, At present, developing countries are using relatively little in the way of chemicals to control pests in the majority of crops. In developed countries the use of crop protecting chemicals has played a major role in the increased and more efficient production of food (Table 1), Pesticides provide immediate effective control at practical costs. The use of pesticides has been accompanied by several ironies. They have been a major contributor to the upsurge in agricultural productivity over the past three decades. But from this productivity came the great surpluses, and the farmers' temporary gains from increased efficiency have often been erased by lower prices. In another vein, the use of pesticides to eradicate disease-carrying insects throughout the world has sharply reduced the death rate and thus has been a substantial factor in the population explosion. All pesticides, and many other chemicals indispensable to modern

Table 1 - Usage of Agrochemicals in Developed and Developing Countries Countries

Herbicides

Insecticides

Fungicides

Total

% of total Developed

90

55

88

80

Developing

10

45

12

20

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life, may at times have unintended and undesirable side-effects. Very often these are unpredictable. It is obvious that these risks, and their unpredictability, are very much greater in the case of toxicants which persist in the environment than with those which are inactivated in a matter of hours or days. The amenity value of wildlife is very high even in purely financial terms. We in the industrialized countries must be constantly aware of our obligation to hand on to future generations what little remains of these assets, the source of so much health and happiness. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), India's total food production is valued at $300 billion. It only proves that chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers play an important role in raising food production. India is a country where, despite the Green Revolution in the 1960s, millions go hungry. Almost 20-40% of the world's potential crop production is lost annually due to effects of weeds, pests and diseases, according to the FAO. It admits that crop losses would double if the existing pesticide uses were abandoned, significantly sending food prices through the roof, as is happening today. One must remember that pesticides have changed drastically over the years to become much safer for both people and the environment. Even after harvest, crops are at risk of being damaged. This has been happening in India for many years now, leading to losses for farmers and also depriving the population from its right to food. Thus, in a country that is looking forward to make food a constitutional right, every step must be taken to ensure the goal should not be missed, including the safe usage of pesticides. It has found that pesticides can also prolong the www.krishijagran.com


Crop Protection vs Agrochemicals From India to World Market

viable life of produce, prevent huge postharvest losses from pests and diseases, and protect the crops so they are safe for consumption. According to the estimates, Asia-Pacific leads the market for Agrochemicals with 41.3% share in demand at global level in 2012, followed by Latin America (17.0%), North America (15.4%), Europe (7.8%), and Rest of the World (18.5%). Looking at fertilizers type, Nitrogenous fertilizers occupied 68.4% and Organophosphates occupied 73.0% share in demand in their respective agrochemicals type.

pesticides. The market has been witnessing mergers and acquisitions with large players buying out small manufacturers. Key market participants include Dupont, United Phosphorus Ltd, Bayer Cropscience Ltd, Rallis India Ltd, Gharda Chemicals Ltd, Syngenta India Ltd, BASF India Ltd, etc. Top ten companies control almost 80% of the market share. The market share of large players depends primarily on product portfolio and introduction of new molecules. Strategic alliances with competitors are common to reduce risks and serve a wider customer base. In India, there are about 125 technical grade manufacturers (10

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(generally in drums of 200-250 Kg) to formulators. Formulators, in turn, prepare formulations by adding inert carriers, solvents, surface active agents, deodorants etc. These formulations are packed for retail sale and bought by the farmers. Increase in strategic alliances among large players for greater market reach and acquisitions of smaller companies globally to diversify product portfolio. For example: Rallis has a marketing alliance for key products with FMC, Dupont, Syngenta, Bayer and Nihon Nohayaku. In addition, UPL has had a series of small acquisitions globally to enter new geographies and gain product expertise.

Agrochemicals market with analysis and forecasting of market demand and revenue. This market would grow from an estimated $203,567.6 million in 2013 to $242,757.8 million by 2018, with a CAGR of 3.6% from 2013 to 2018. The Indian agrochemicals market is highly fragmented in nature with over 800 formulators. The competition is fierce with large number of organized sector players and significant share of spurious

multinationals), 800 formulators, over 145,000 distributors. 60 technical grade pesticides are being manufactured indigenously. Technical grade manufacturers sell high purity chemicals in bulk

Focus on developing environmentally safe pesticides by the industry as well as the Government. The Department of Chemicals has initiated a nationwide programme for “Development and production of neem products as Environment Friendly Pesticides” with financial assistance from United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

Chander Mohan Sr. Execu ve Editor Krishi Jagran, New Delhi www.krishijagran.com

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NHMT Agrochemical Regulations in Latin-American Countries

Agrochemical Regulations in Latin-American Countries

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he economy in most Latin American countries recorded a very significant growth in the last decade. The difficulties that the continent faced in the 90's have been largely overcome. Nowadays the agrochemical sector is facing a good moment, as we see international companies investing in new registrations and looking for alliances with strong local distribution companies every day. There are many business opportunities and the ratio regulatory investment/potential market is, on a general basis, good enough for generic products. Some Latin American countries have been affected by the slowdown of the global crisis, but still have good prospects of growth in the coming years. World Bank forecasts

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for 2015 a GDP-increase of 5% in Bolivia, 3% in Peru and 2.9% in Chile. There are some exceptions like Venezuela due to the political situation, where a decrease of a 5% is expected during this year.

Mexico, Paraguay, Colombia, Ecuador and Chile. The agrochemical market value for these markets is between 300 million USD (Ecuador) and 2,500 million USD (Argentina).

The agriculture in Latin America represents approximately between 4% and 13% of the GDP in each respective country. In countries like Argentina, Guatemala and Bolivia agriculture represents over 10%.

There are some medium sized markets like Peru, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Bolivia which are in some cases growing faster than other mature markets.

In terms of agrochemical consumption, we have to consider different factors like arable surface, productivity and technology. The biggest agrochemical market in Latin America, that in fact is the biggest market worldwide, is Brazil. Apart from Brazil there are some other big markets like Argentina,

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Latin America is cultivating and producing a wide range of crops, including ones produced in other areas of the world like cereals, citrus or vegetables, and also specific crops that Latin America countries export to the rest of the world. Sugarcane is cultivated in the humid tropics, being Brazil the first producer in the world. The production and export of bananas for some Latin American www.krishijagran.com


Agrochemical Regulations in Latin-American Countries countries represent an important income. Mexico is the first exporter in the world of mango and avocado. Colombia and Brazil are in the top 3 exporters of coffee. Argentina and Brazil are the bigger producers of soybean, only after the United States. All Latin American countries have set their own regulations to control the use and sale of agrochemical products. Each government has established the process and requirements that the industry has to fulfill. These national regulations ma k e t h e di f f e r e n ce b e t w e e n countries like Brazil, Chile and Costa Rica with high regulatory barriers and countries with low barriers like Paraguay, Uruguay and Honduras. In most of the countries the equivalence process has been implemented (Brazil, Guatemala, Argentina). The basic of the process is the same as in the European Union with a 2-stage process: chemical and toxicological equivalence. Chile is currently evaluating dossiers under chemical identity, but has published already a new regulation that considers the chemical equivalence process that might enter into force in 2016. One of the important difficulties that overseas companies faced with technical grade registrations come up when a full dossier has to be submitted. Many Latin American countries are requesting chronic toxicological studies that in some other areas of the world are not allowed by law to be conducted by each individual registrant. The registration process for new active substances in these markets is

different to the one followed by active ingredients that already have a background in the respective Ministries. With regard to formulated products, there is a wider range of regulations. Each country has established different requirements. Toxicological concern is a common point as well as residues. Latin American countries export their agricultural products mainly to the United States and the European Union, so the Maximum Residue Limit established for each crop are of high relevance. Most of the countries require local efficacy trials to assure that the use of the agrochemical product is safe under the particular climate conditions of the country. In fact, some countries of the Andean Pact demand the trial in two different areas because the soil and climate varies from the coast to the forest. One of the biggest difficulties that face international companies with the registration of formulated products is the decision on crops investment. One botrycide used in grapes in France or Spain, could have an excellent control in Ecuadorian roses. The local knowledge of crops and uses is a key point for a good investment and a good consequent marketing position. There is an increasing concern in the area for the effect on honeybees. Some Ministries of Agriculture are now starting to require an acute toxicological study. The Andean Community has a common regulatory process (Decision 436). Bolivia has been the last one in implementing it. However there are some movements that could lead again to national regulations in the near future. The timings to get the registrations in Latin America, after complete information has been submitted to the authorities, varies from approximately 6 months to 5

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years. In some cases several ministries are involved and in other cases, the Ministry of Agriculture has a leading role. In Colombia, 3 Ministries take part in the registration process: the Ministry of Health (INS), the Ministry of Environment (ANLA) and the Ministry of Agriculture (ICA). In Chile, by contrast, the Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for all the process (SAG). Costa Rica, today, is facing a real difficult situation in order to authorize new registrations. The industry has been in discussions with the authorities for several years in order to modify the agrochemical regulation to speed up the process. Latin American countries represent a good opportunity for agrochemical companies that can bring new solutions and new sources of agrochemicals. The expertise and knowledge of local people is of high importance to invest properly on registrations. From our dilated experience in those markets, a preliminary analysis of crops and diseases is a key for success. Investment in registrations is limited for all companies, whether the regulatory budget is high or low, so companies are required to make the most of their investments. In order to assure this purpose, a supranational knowledge of all Latin American markets leads to a cost saving and timing reduction.

Mrs. Santillana has more than 15 years of experience in the agrochemical and chemical sectors at a multinational level. She has held Management positions in companies such as BASF and IQV. Since 2012, she is Associate Director at Dextra International, a leading consultancy and representation firm in the agrochemical business.

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NHMT Breaking the myths surrounding the anti GMO Propaganda

Breaking the myths surrounding the anti GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) Propaganda

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ver the two decades it is proven that GM technologies have contributed to increased food productivity and environment improvement due to lower deployment of toxic pesticides. However, traditionally anti-GM activists have protested against the GM technology on the following grounds 1) It is an elite multinational domination with protected product ownership meant to exploit small farmers and deny technology at affordable price to small farmers 2) It is US dominated and is thrust on other countries 3) I t s s a f e t y a n d l o n g t e r m implications are unknown over the next 50 years and beyond, 4) It is detrimental to biodiversity and finally

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5)

While the world can be fed fully with organic food (no matter what it takes to grow them all) why go for any technology application at all, proven or unproven?

India is the first country in the world to de-mystify all of these myths and prove to the world that a) GM crop development is not the sole domain of 4 or 5 multinational companies b) G M c r o p s b r i n g i m m e n s e economic contribution at the bottom-of-the pyramid – the marginal farmer, who grows a variety of neglected crops c) The technology is not the limitation for any one to pursue the research and product delivery goals – The technology is accessible. d) The intellectual property is not

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an impediment for breaking the dominance of top 4 multinationals, but a facilitator for small ventures and public research organizations to legitimately secure technologies and deliver trait specific varietal seeds to small farmers who can grow and save their own seeds in their own right. In India the deep engagement of the public sector and national level private enterprises and the wide recognition of the technology at the farmer end has triggered the global ire of anti-GM lobby groups,

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NHMT Breaking the myths surrounding the anti GMO Propaganda 100,000 farmers growing brinjal varieties it would have beneďŹ tted marginal farmers to the tune of 600 crores per annum on account of saving on pesticides and incremental marketable fruits. Currently farmers loose more than half of their produce due to poor marketability on account of fruit and shoot borer infestation.

research institutions. These were varieties adopted by farmers in different regions and were most susceptible to fruit and shoot borer. Since these varieties were not resistant to pests, farmers were shelving them and moving over to other crops. It was but natural that these varieties needed access to the gene that could provide them the resistance property to fruit and shoot borer pest so that the resource poor farmers who cannot afford the costly hybrids could continue to grow them. Three public research institutions in three regions of the country developed these products and got them ready for delivery to resource poor farmers who can secure these seeds and save them for replanting. Public institutions releasing transgenic seed varieties unheard of in western world. The varieties of Bt Brinjal developed by public institutions are developed by Indian institutions for Indian farmers to grow them and save their seeds in their own right. In the Western world, the only other public

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good development was the virus resistant papaya the Cornell University developed for Hawaiian papaya growers and today this technology is widely adopted by papaya growers in USA. The Bt Brinjal collaborative project was predominantly funded by Government of India extensively and this funding was approved by a Joint working group in which the Ministry of Environment was also a member. When Mahyco's product was evaluated and proposed for approval to GEAC, the varieties of Tamilnadu Agriculture University and the Dharwad University were also proposed for approval and release. However, the moratorium withheld the access to these seeds by resource poor farmers in the region. Over the last 5 years, the three public sector institutions have totally disassociated themselves in pursuing these brinjal varieties due to the moratorium. Even if these varieties have been adopted in

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The reality is that the technologies are not dominated by Multinational companies and the Indian ability to address these crop solutions, hitherto not addressed by global multinationals is a true negation of the argument of anti-GM activists. The Indian public sector bringing a product for the beneďŹ t of the resource poor farmer, providing the right to the farmer to save their own seed and replant them is a complete contrary to the myth created by the anti-gm NGOs. In Bangladesh, the public research institution has provided a Bt Brinjal variety to the farmer that the farmers are re-planting in their own right. More than 100 farmers have grown seeds and the produce and the seeds of 4 public varieties are provided to these farmers. This has never happened in any developed country and Bangladesh could secure the technology due to Indian partner institutions, both public and private. The multinational companies give it a damn to ever market a brinjal variety to resource poor farmer. Only the public institutions can do that. The then Minister for Environment not only denied the introduction of the Mahyco hybrids but put the lid on all of the varieties developed by the public research institutions. He did not end with that. He initiated through one of the bodies afďŹ liated to his Ministry, prosecution proceedings against all the partners for supporting public researchers in adopting technology including serving of non-bailable arrest warrant on the University administration engaged in the bt www.krishijagran.com



NHMT Essen Multipack– A Green House Leader

ESSEN MULTIPACK INTRODUCTION Greenhouse industry was started commercially in India in 1989 and after 26 years it is well settled with acceptable standards in greenhouse structures, climate control, crops management, harvest and post harvest, irrigation and fertigation etc. Of course, new information, innovations are well accepted in the industry in order to increase production in quantity and quality thereby to make more profits. Here we aim to provide the comprehensive technical information on basic and advanced features of greenhouse coverings developed by ESSEN Multipack Ltd Rajkot. Modern agriculture uses a range of latest techniques to increase productivity. One of the most important techniques are the ubiquitous greenhouses that we often see today. Greenhouses play a very important role in the quality and quantity of the produce. To protect the plants from the vagaries to harsh climate, greenhouses have increasingly become an indispensable part of modern agriculture. The main purpose of the Greenhouse Covering is to create a controlled internal environment regardless of the external

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A GREEN HOUSE LEADER environment for protected cultivation. With better control, a better crop yield and quality can be achieved. These covering films do the job of controlling light, temperature and physical protection of the crop from winds, rains, snow etc and maintain a controlled environment inside, in different climatic conditions. This creates a possibility to extend the growing season, fresh fruits, owers & vegetables all round the year. Rajkot-based Essen Multipack Ltd. is a leader in the production of greenhouse covering and apron films. Manufactured to high standards, these five-layered films ensure complete control over climate inside the greenhouses, regardless of the outside climatic conditions. A careful selection of greenhouse covering film is of utmost importance to achieve better produce and in turn to get maximum profits. It is very necessary to understand the basic and advanced properties of the greenhouse covering films to select proper required covering film depending upon crop, topography of land, climatic condition etc. When we speak about the properties of the polythene as a covering material, there are mainly two types of properties viz filtering properties and physical properties. Filtering Requirements – Proper UV stabilization, Thermal stability, Light diffusion, Anti sulpher, UV Blocking/Antivirus, IR Cooling (Heat reective), IR Thermic (Heat retention), Anti Drip, Anti dust etc. Physical properties – High Impact Strength, Strong tear resistance,

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Essen Multipack– A Green House Leader High ex crack resistance, Environmental stress cracking resistance, excellent tensile strength, High clarity for maximum light transmission etc. In this article we will discuss about 5 layered IR Reective cooling covering films. Factors affecting the functionality of the film – A. Global solar radiation – Global solar radiation means the amount of sunlight exposure that each part of our earth is exposed. Unfortunately, the amount of radiation is increasing due to the ozone hole depletion. India is a sub tropical country with moderately high temperatures. Under greenhouses, the temperature during summers is extremely high resulting in low quality and quantity produce thereby resulting in huge losses. It was necessary to find out easy and cheap source to reduce and maintain lower temperatures during the day time to maintain better quality of the produce. In order to achieve the target, pigments that interfere IR transmittance were added to the polythene matrix those will reect the infra red rays resulting in reducing the heat and thereby temperature in the greenhouses. While reecting the IR, PAR should not be compromised. The technical team of ESSEN successfully defined the ratio of the chemicals added in the polythene those will reect maximum IR and minimum PAR. Heat portion of the sunlight remains with range above 700 nm. The Key to cool the greenhouse with alteration to sunlight is to block this range at the same time allow the

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NHMT

PAR range! With latest IR interfering polymer compounds this is possible now. As the IR range is prevented to enter inside the greenhouse the temperature inside can be controlled up to considerable extent. Field testing of IR Cooling films 5 layered IR Cooling films by ESSEN Greenhouse roses at Talegaon Dabhade, Pune Maharashtra are tested at various locations and for with increase in production by various crops in last Three years and around 15%. found extremely helpful in reducing 4. C ucumber production the temperatures and more and increased by around 20%. early production with better quality. It is equally important to Results obtained – In most of the maintain all other cultural practices greenhouses at various locations of greenhouse cultivation as per with various crops, it was observed standards to achieve this rise in that the temperatures are reduced production. Presently SUNCOOL 5 by 3 to 4 degree Celsius when layered IR cooling films are very compared with other greenhouses covered with normal polyfilms. Up popular among greenhouse farmers to temperature of 32 degree Celsius, and entrepreneurs in India. The basic properties that every the temperature in greenhouses with 5 layered IR Cooling and other multi layered greenhouse covering normal films remains the same and film must constitute are 200 micron then onwards, the rate of increase in t h i c k n e s s , U V s t a b i l i z e d , I R temperature is lowered in IR cooling Thermic, Anti dust, Anti drip. films as compared with non cooling Similarly, since in most of the parts films and thus we find a temperature of India, the temperatures are very difference of 3 to 4 degree Celsius in high and need to be reduced in high temperatures. In terms of greenhouses, it is wise to use IR increase in production, we observed Reective cooling films. following – 1. Rose production started in 100 days with large stems, larger Anand Zambre leaf area and bud sizes. Vice President ‐ Agri business 2. Tomato production increased ESSEN Mul pack Ltd. by around 20%. Rajkot, Gujarat Mob: 09909993474 3. The color of red and yellow Email: vpa@essenpoly.com capsicums was found sharper Sr No Crops tested

Location

01

Roses

Gujarat and Maharashtra

02

Colored capsicums

Haryana

03

Cucumbers

Rajasthan and Kerala

04

Ladies fingers (Okra)

Kerala

05

Tomatoes

Rajasthan and Kerala

06

Hardening of plants (Tissue culture)

Gujarat

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NHMT Growing Techniques of Roses Under Protect

GROWING TECHNIQUES OF ROSES UNDER PROTECT INTRODUCTION

SELECTION OF SITE

Floriculture has assumed a definite commercial status in recent times. The commercial activity of production and marketing of oriculture products is also a source of gainful and quality employment to scores of people. The social and economic aspects of ower growing were, however, recognized much later. The offering and exchange of owers on all social occasions, in places of worship and their use for adornment of hair by women and for home decoration have become an integral part of human living with changing life styles and increased urban afuence. Rose is the most important cut ower and ornamental bedding plant in a garden. It is the number one cut ower in the international market. For cut owers roses are extensively cultivated in Netherlands, Columbia, Japan, France, United States of America (USA), Morocco, Korea and Israel. In ower market mainly Hybrid Tea (H.T) and Floribunda Types are in demand for production of cut roses. In India, it is grown under green house for cut ower purpose and large number of varieties are grown for garden purpose.

Selection of site is very important for successful growing of roses. The selected site for rose planting should get full day sunlight. In summer season it prefers partial shade during the hot afternoons. In the garden rose plantation area should not be too close to tall trees. It do not prefers water logging conditions even for a short period. The location of rose plantation should be free from dusts.

CLIMATE Roses can be grown successfully under various climatic conditions. Quality owers are obtained in areas with bright sunny days, cool nights, moderate humidity and absence of strong winds. In general, it preferres day temperature of 25 to 300 C and night temperature 15 to 160 C. Long days of 12 hours and humidity of 60 to 70% favours growth and quality ower production. During ower bud initiation, long days play an important role but later stage of bud development is inuenced by light intensities. Additional light and temperature promote, early owering under protected conditions.

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NHMT Growing Techniques of Roses Under Protect Rose is heavy feeder crop & it require regular feeding of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are required large quantities. When nitrogen is deficient, the young leaves become small in size, develop pale green colour with yellow and red tints and the buds develop poorly and are light in colour. In North India, a high nitrogen dose is more effective for increasing stem length, ower yield and quality of owers of cultivar Super Star. Phosphorus is important for encouraging root growth and stimulating owering. It can be applied in the form of super phosphate and phosphoric acid. Its deficiency symptoms in rose are blue green or dark green leaves, weak stems and slow bud development due to poor roots. Potassium is responsible for hardiness of ower stem, better quality of bloom and increased resistance to diseases. Due to potassium deficiency lower leaves show browning, stem becomes weak and colour of ower gets poorer. In manual fertilizer application nitrogen in combination with phosphorus and potassium 9g N + 8g P2O5 + 8g K2O per m2 per week are recommended for ower yield and quality. Foliar spray of micronutrients is more effective in roses. It is recommended that 3 g each of magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate along with 0.75 g borax dissolved in 1 liter of water and sprayed on rose corrected the deficiency of magnesium, potassium and boron. WEEDING AND HOEING Weeding if neglected, may cause a setback in ower yield and quality. Manual weeding is the most prevalent practice. Hoeing of rose beds at fortnightly intervals is helpful in removing weeds and loosening soil for better aeration and improving soil moisture retention capacity. Shallow hoeing is preferred as deep hoeing destroys the fibrous roots. MULCHING Mulching reduces weed infestation and promotes economy of irrigation water. Various materials such as dry plant leaves and paddy straw etc can be used for mulching. About 6-8 cm mulch of dried leaves of Jamun tree in rose beds in the month of April does not allow any weeds for about 2 months i.e. in May and June and reduces their reappearance in following months. PINCHING Removal of a part of terminal growing region of shoot is known as pinching and is an important operation in rose cultivation, after every ush, minor pinching is done for the succeeding return crop and for adjust owering for a specific timing. Pinching reduces the plant height and increases new axillary branching. It should be carried out above 3 leaets in weak and 5 leaets in healthy shoots. DISBUDDING AND DISUCKERING

Floribunda roses are beneficial for increasing the size of ower. The suckers appearing from root-stocks should be removed periodically from the point of origin. INSECTS AND PESTS Red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) Mites are very common on rose. They first appear on lower surface of leaves, and can subsequently cover the entire leaf, stem and after sometime whole plant with their web. The infected plants give dusty and webbed appearance. These can be controlled by spraying Kelthane @ 0.1% or Omite 0.03%. CATERPILLAR Caterpillars are mostly a problem of rose buds and young leaves. In the initial stages, they eat away the foliage. The eggs are laid on the buds and larvae eat into the bud damaging it completely. Caterpillars can be controlled by spraying Nuvan @ 0.15 to 0.2%. Aphids (Macrosiphum rose and Aphis gossypii) Aphids occur in more than 4000 aphis species. Many are vectors for a number of viruses. Aphids are sucking insects that draw chlorophyll from leaves and buds. It is recommended to spray of Metasystox or Malathion @ 0.2 % to control aphids. Thrips (Thrips maginis and Frankliniella tritici) Among insects, thrips are the most serious pests on rose. Thrips prefer dry hot conditions. Both nymphs and adult forms of this small insect and suck the cell sap from the leaves, tender stem and owers. It is recommended the application of dimethoate and monocrotophos @ 0.05-0.1% to control thrips. Red Scale (Lindingaspis rossi and Aonidiella aurantii) Red scale insect attacks on the lower part of old stem of rose and cover them with reddish brown waxy incrustation. The scale insect sucks the plant sap and the infested stems gradually dries up. Rainy season is the main period for infestation of red scale insects on rose plant. These insects can be removed by rubbing the infested stems with old soft tooth brush. These can be controlled by spraying Monocrotophos @0.1-0.15%. DISEASES Dieback (Diplodia rosarum) Fungi such as Colletotrichum sp. have also been found associated with die back disease. The severity of this disease is noticed after the pruning operation. As sit name indicates, symptoms of this disease are blackening at the tip of stem which spreads downwards rapidly. The disease can be prevented by taking precaution at the time of pruning. The pruning cut should be slanting and made with sharp secateurs. Some systemic fungicides like Bavistin 0.2% should be sprayed immediate after pruning. Removal of affected part including about 2-3

Disbudding of axillaries buds in Hybrid Tea and

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