Contents
Acknowledgement 1. Introduction 1.1. Proj ec t ba ckground 1.2. Jute Industr y issues 1.3. Ai m s, Obj ect ives, S cope and Limitat ions 2. The Site and the Context 2.1. L ocati on, Surroundings, A ccess and Climate 2.2. Ma ppi ng a nd conclusions 2.3. Si te Ana l ysis 3. CASE Study 3.1. The Mum bai Example 3.2. C ha r l es Correa Committee Report 3.3. Settl em ent S t udies 3.4. Publ i c Am enit ies 3.5. C onc l usi on 4. S pa c e P r o g r a m m i n g 5. D e si g n METHODOLOGY 5.1. The Si te 5.2. Desi g n El ement s 5.3. Desi g n Proposal 5.4. 3D m odel of t he site B I B L I OGR A P HY
a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t
Firstly I thank my guide Prof. Sibabrata Halder, who has constantly supported me and has given me time and his valuable insight since the conception of this project. I must also thank the head of our department, Prof. Souvanic Roy, Prof. Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay, coordinator for this year ’s thesis for arranging to bring esteemed professionals to review our projects. In this context, I convey my gratitude to Prof. Subhrajit Das for his constructive criticism which pushed me to do better every time. This gratitude extends to Prof. Jaydip Barman and Ar. B.C. Roy for their input. Most importantly, I would like to thank Sudipta Roy, Swarnali Roy, Debangana Roy, Suchismita Nayak, Priyanka Sarkar, Ishita Ghosh and Ishita Manna, without whom my project never have been completed. My classmates and friends deserve a mention for their constant support throughout the last few years. My family in Titagarh have gone out of they way to help me with my project research. Without them, my thesis would not have seen the light of the day. My parents, as always have the greatest contribution. Their irreplaceable support has helped me sail through the challenging times.
The seven deadly sins... food, clothing, firing, rent, taxes, respectability and children. - George Bernard Shaw
1.
1.1
introduction
project background
Titagarh is set along the banks of the river Hoogly, in an area where the first of the Jute mills and Paper mills were established by the British. The entire stretch along the river had a flourishing industrial belt from the late 19th century to the middle of the 20th century which attracted migrant workers from the North Indian states. The post-independent scenario of these mills however is grim. Various political factors lead to the decline and closure of many of these mills. This has spurred unplanned growth in the mazdoor colonies, spurred on by poverty, unemployment and lack of education. My attempt in this thesis is to re-organise a mazdoor settlement area in Titagarh, so that it can accommodate community spaces and public amenities into its dense fabric. Also, I will address re-using the abandoned and surplus mill lands to provide some relief in the area via resettlement.
1.
introduction
1.2. jute industry issues Titagarh is one of the most densely populated urban areas in the country. This area was the heart of the booming Jute trade in India, from the middle of the 19th century for nearly a hundred years, due to the location along the river Hoogly. This resulted in a large labour force settlement around the Jute mills. The proportion of migrants in the population was nearly 90%. The migrants were mainly from the Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh. However in the last 30-40 years the jute mill industry has declined to a large extent. Most of the mills have shut down regular operations and are only functional for a few months every year as per the order requirements. This has resulted in huge unemployment amongst the mill workers. Their living state is hampered due to these closures and the city continues to live with vacant mill land and an economically degenerated labour force.
1.
introduction
1.2. jute industry issues
TIMELINE :
On the opposite page, from top to bottom: a. Titagarh skyline at dusk b. Unused land at Kelvin Jute mill c. Burnt down godown at Empire Jute Mill
1.
introduction
1 . 3 . a IMS , ISSUES , S C OPE AND OBJE C TI V ES Aim: To reuse the surplus land of the Jute mills to create a space that belongs to the community and helps to rebuild the surrounding area. Site chosen: E mpi re J u te M i lls & surroundings, 15 B.T. Road, P.O. Titagarh. Issues: •The surplus, dysfunctional mill lands of Empire Jute mills now lie in unused and abused conditions. They are large parcels of land, which currently contribute nothing to the city, despite of their potential as a resource. •There is a need for community spaces within the dense fabric On the opposite page, from top to of the settlement core. bottom: •The need for employment generation to revive the settlement a. NGO session in progress area. b. Narrow alley in the settlement c. Commercial activity on street •Lack of literacy and below par public health standards.
•The degeneration of these lands, if left un-intervened, leads Below: Pavement dwellers along the Empire to the deterioration of the entire area as a whole. Jute mill boundary wall
1.
introduction
1 . 3 . a IMS , ISSUES , S C OPE AND OBJE C TI V ES Objectives: •The neglected lands could be dealt as centres to generate income and revenue. •To adapt the mill lands for an appropriate public purpose. •The land can also be used for social facilities like learning centres, community centres, clinics, rehabilitation centres, etc depending upon the need of the neighbourhood. •To restructure the informal market in the neighbouring area. •To address the incidental open spaces in the settlement areas of the mill workers. •To develop the area so that it helps improve the conditions of the surrounding fabric. S C OPE : •To restructure the densely populated urban fabric, so that additional green voids are created as community spaces • To design a literacy centre and school for the residing population in that area, which can serve a dual function of a night school for adults. • Lack of health care facilities is a cause of major concern in this area. Therefore a health centre, having an out-patient department and a small in-patient ward located in the settlement becomes an essential part of the community development process. •There are hardly any spaces in the settlement area for congregation. A community hall, with space for an informal market can be developed. •The t working in Titagarh require a space for organising their vocational training classes and counselling sessions. Provision of such a space can be designed. •The Empire Jute mill has large tract of land rendered useless due to fire. A part of the population can be resettled in this area, so that the existing settlement gets some relief space.
2.
2.1
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
T I TA G A R H : A N O V E R V I E W
L O C AT I O N : District 24 Parganas (North), West Bengal, India. T O P O G R A P H Y: The site is at 22.74°N 88.37°E. It has an average elevation of 15 metres (49 feet). C L I M AT E : Titagarh has a tropical wet-and-dry climate. Summer: March to June, with the temperature ranging from the low 30’s to mid-40’s. Winter: December to February with temperature around 13-18 degree Celsius. Monsoon: July to September during which the city receives its maximum rainfall (around 300-350 mm). The average annual rainfall is around 1500-1600 mm. ACCESS: Titagarh railway station (on the Sealdah - Krishnanagar line) is around 2-3 kms away. B.T. Road is a main arterial road in that area and runs along the site. Informal markets are found on both sides of the road. A Sunday haat also attracts a large local population. R I V E R P R OX I M I T Y: The Hoogly river is around 800 metres from the site. A local ghat is used for religious and other activities. However there is heavy encroachment on either side of the road by squatters and informal pushcart sellers. OTHER INDUSTRIES: Titagarh and surrounding areas on both sides of the river like Khardah, Rishra, Serampore have a number of jute industries and paper mills along the river banks. A r e a o f L a n d : 3.24 Sq.Km. N o . O f W a r d s : 23
M a j or Jute mills along the river hoogly : Agarpara Jute Mills Ltd.
Kelvin Jute Co. Ltd
Auckland International Ltd.
Victoria Jute Co. Ltd.
Barnagore Jute Factory Ltd.
Wellington Jute Mills
Titaghar No. 2 Jute Mills
Empire Jute Co. Ltd.
Premchand Jute Mills
Naihati Jute Mills Ltd
Hastings Jute Mill
National Jute Mfg. Corpn. Ltd.
E mpire Jute M ills : Total industrial area: 70780 sq.m. (17.49 acres) Functional area: 23,536 sq.m. (5.81 acres) Current status: It is open and functional only for 2 months a year as per the order demands. Only a small part of the original mill is required for production, wheras large tracts of land remain unused.
From top to bottom: a. Mazdoor colony at Empire Jute mills b. Mazdoor hutments b. Settlement along the railway tracks On the opposite page, from top to bottom: a. Empire Jute mills and surrounding areas b. B.T. road, an arterial road through Titagarh
2.
2.2
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
mapping & conclusions
2.
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
2.2
MAPPING & CONCLUSIONS
E X I S T I N G F I G U R E - G R O U N D R E L AT I O N S H I P
B u i lt - u p s pa c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s As the above figure illustrates, the area surrounding the Empire jute mill premises has seen unplanned and unorganised growth over the years since the closure of the mill. The hutments have expanded as the families have expanded. As the above image illustrates, the settlement pattern is very dense alongside the jute mill. There is a lack of public open spaces or congregational space. Lack of civic amenities is also a major concern. There are no relief spaces for the residents of that area. However, on the other hand, there are large tracts of land which are unused and abandoned in the adjacent mill, which should be used to help in restructuring the surroundings.
2.
2.2
From top to bottom: a. A crowded street through the market area in Titagarh, illustrating encroachments on to the road. b. Example of mazdoor hutments, with extended house fronts and a ladder access to the first floor.
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
mapping & conclusions
2.
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
2.2
MAPPING & CONCLUSIONS
ACCESS ROADS & THE GREEN VOIDS From top to bottom: a. A narrow alleyway inside the settlement area, which can only be used bt pedestrians. b. An internal road in the settlement, which allows two-wheeler and three-wheeler movement. It also has a large number of hawkers spilling over onto the main road. On the opposite page: a. The main stretch of B.T. Road, which at peak hour, becomes difficult to navigate through.
2.
2.2
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
mapping & conclusions
C L A S S I F I C AT I O N O F A C C E S S R O A D S The major arterial road in Titagarh, B.T. Road, runs alongside the Jute mill boundary. Major roads connect the B.T. Road with the river Ganges. These roads are usually lined with commercial establishments, street hawkers, etc. The roads inside the settlement are narrow, in some cases, just a metre wide. Vehicles are unable to access these roads. Thus they provide no relief to the congestion outside. Also, the roads inside the settlement are a network of confusing alleyways, which need structuring. During daytime, the kitchen space of the house unit spills over onto the alley, and during night, they are used by the men as spillover sleeping space.
2.
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
2.3
site analysis
BUILDING TYPOLOGY
2.
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
2.3
From top to bottom: a. Vacant tracts of land in the storage areas of Empire Jute Mill. As the mill today requires lesser space to operate, these lands can be put to better use for the mazdoor community outside. b. Burnt down godown in Empire Jute mill compound. On the opposite page: a. The mazdoor settlement near the mill area, with B.T. Road running along it.
S I T E A N A LY S I S
2.
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
2.3
site analysis
The major issue is the growth over the last few decades in Titagarh has been unplanned and disorganised, due to the slow closure of the industries in the area. The individual families have expanded their houses as the need arose. The common areas have slowly been occupied with extended house spaces. Informal bazaars and street vendors further congest the area. Because of this, the existing houses have poor ventilation and light coming in. The roads leading inside the settlement have no pattern and are quite confusing to navigate, as most of them do not allow even two-wheeler access.
From top to bottom: a. Example of a typical layout in the residential area, illustrating the haphazard growth in the area. b. Inside a mazdoor house On the opposite page: a. Overall view of the settlement and the industrial area in the backdrop. b. View of the settlemet abutting B.T. road and the road leading to the river Ganges.
2.
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
2.3
S I T E A N A LY S I S
2.
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
2.3
site analysis
A typical hutment inside the mazdoor settlement has one room for sleeping and storage purposes, which is insufficient for the size of the family occupying it. Usually a ledge is built at lintel height to provide for additional storage space. During the night, the men of the family sleep in the alley on charpoys due to lack of space inside. The kitchen area abuts the alley in front of it. During the day, the usage of the kitchen spills over into the alley due to insufficient space inside. Toilets and the water supply line are common. Water is usually stored in the kitchen for use during the day.
2.
THE SITE AND THE CONTEXT
2.3
S I T E A N A LY S I S
S C H E M AT I C S E C T I O N S I L L U S T R AT I N G T H E R E L AT I O N S H I P B E T W E E N T H E HOUSE AND THE STREET
From top to bottom: a. Old Mills in Mumbai b. Mills in Lalbagh, Mumbai On the opposite page: a. Mill workers’ home b.Map of Greater Mumbai c.Map of Girangaon d. Map of Parel showing the old mill areas in Mumbai.
3.
3.1
CASE STUDY
THE MUMBAI EXAMPLE
G I R A N G A O N : The Mill Precinct “Girangaon” is a Marathi word for “M i l l V i l l a g e ” or the mill precinct, which is characterized by industrial architecture of more than 50 mills. Over 600 acres of land in this region was dedicated to textile industry in early 19th century. Girangaon was home to thousands of mill workers and their families. The unique housing settlements by workers, their social networks and communities dominated Mumbai’s mill precinct for decades. The precinct stretches from Lalbaug to Parel and Worli to Sewri and spreads across an area of 25 sq.km. The entire mill precinct is efficiently integrated into Mumbai’s mass transit system and well connected to major streets in the city.
3.
3.1
CASE STUDY
THE MUMBAI EXAMPLE
CHARACTERISTICS: Over 50 mills in less than a 3 mile radius converted this portion of the city into an incredibly crowded, lively and dynamic hub. Almost all of the workers employed by mills lived in close proximity of their place of work. Such an aggregation of workers within a smaller region of the city increased the social and cultural involvement of the workers in the community. This led to stronger community ties and a rich network of physical and social infrastructure. The 58 mills in Girangaon establish a unique urban fabric of this region. Mill workers housing, recreational grounds, places of worship and entertainment are some of the dominant elements in the urban characteristics of Girangaon. SOCIAL STRUCTURE: Mumbai now received migrants from not just east and coastal Maharashtra, but it was also populated by crowds from Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat. Mill workers included people from all castes and religion. Soon they established their distinctive places of worship such as temples and mosques and started side businesses in meat and vegetable markets. Initially in the migrant population, the men arrived alone in order to find employment. Later as they settled they brought their families along. Most of the residential buildings incorporated side businesses of workers such as retail, grocery, newspaper, flower, sweets shops, snack centers, ice-cream parlors, pharmacy, etc. S ome o f the textile mills in M umbai : Kohinoor Mills Shree Madhusudan Mills From top to bottom: On the opposite page: a. Mill lands , Parel Ground b. View of the old Mills in Mumbai.
India United Dye Works
Bhaat Mills
Elphinstone Mills
New Hind Textile Mills
Phoenix Mills
Century Spinning & Weaving Mills
Victoria Mills
Digvijay Mills
3.
CASE STUDY
3.2
CHARLES CORREA COMMITTEE REPORT
The Government of Maharashtra issued a notification on 29th February 1996 setting up a Study Group to prepare an integrated development plan for the textile mills land on the basis of certain principles specified therein. Essentially, these include: >Prepare an overall development plan and strategy to create coherent urban form. >Provide housing for low income groups. >Allocate land for civic amenities and infrastructure. >Generate new employment opportunities for the workers dis placed by the closure of mills.
From top to bottom: a. View of the mill workers’ houses and street b. Mill workers’ house.
3.
CASE STUDY
3.2 CHARLES CORREA COMMITTEE REPORT
KEY PROPOSALS BY THE STUDY GROUP: It identified a triangular area between Matulya, Paragaon and Mumbai Mills, a sort of ‘G o l d e n T r i a n g l e ’, for mutually beneficial redevelopment of the mill area. It proposed the development of pedestrian plazas in front of the railway stations, shopping arcades for pedestrians along road lines, and also development of inter-modal junctions. It proposed the development of public open spaces varying in size from large maidans to small neighbourhood parks should be developed so that a variety of different open-air activities could take place. The integration of this with other objectives like pedestrian movement and tree development alongside the roads would result in transformation of this area into a pattern of green area in the centre of the city. It recommended that the land designated for open spaces could also be used for other social facilities like schools, clinics or community centers depending upon the needs of the neighbourhood. Several old existing mill structures were not only memorable and valuable to be included in the ‘heritage’ list’, but were also found to be robust enough to be recycled for modern services like studios and offices. The Study Group also suggested large scale pooling up of land and its allocation to appropriate uses. The private sector mills could be encouraged to form a financial umbrella organization that would allow such regeneration. It also sought addressing of the other problem areas like chawl reconstruction, housing of shelterless, parking of inter-city buses, repairs and reconstruction of old buildings.
3.
CASE STUDY
3.2
CHARLES CORREA COMMITTEE REPORT
CHANGING CONTOURS OF MILL LAND DEVELOPMENT Huge amount of land within the island city has become available on account of either complete or partial closure of the textile mills. The fate of these unused mills land began to be spelt out with the new Development Control Rules (DCR) for the city. These rules permitted the sale of a portion of the mill land in order to channel funds into the revival of the mills. The distribution of the land is as follows: • One third to the BMC for open spaces. • One third to the MHADA for public housing. • Rest to be used by the owners/developers for commercial development.
From top to bottom: a. Pie chart for the land distributions for BMC, Owner, MHADA b.View of the shopping mall converted from the old Phoenix Mill. On the opposite page: a. View of the site of Elphinstone Mills that connects the railway station to a major artery. b. Plan of the Elphinstone Mills, showing existing surroundings, new structures, plaza landscaped portion etc.
3.
3.2
CASE STUDY
CHARLES CORREA COMMITTEE REPORT proposals by charles correa : ELIPHINSTONE MILLS This is one of the crucially important sites, that connects the railway station to a major artery. The proposal is to bring the commuters from the railway station to the main thoroughfare along a commercial arcade. Nearby chawls are also to be incorporated and a community area is to be provided. Area to Developer: 38,382 sq.m.
3.
CASE STUDY
3.2
CHARLES CORREA COMMITTEE REPORT
proposals by charles correa : kohinoor mills no . 1 & 2 Part of the Kohinoor mills is to be developed as a bus terminal. Office and commercial usage is also to be incorporated here. A pedestrian plaza and arcade is also proposed. Area to the Developer: 38,000 sq.m.
From top to bottom: a. View of the site of Kohinoor Mills to be developed as bus terminal, for office & commercial usage. b. Plan of Kohinoor Mills site.
3.
3.2
CASE STUDY
CHARLES CORREA COMMITTEE REPORT proposals by charles correa : VICTORIA MILLS Mumbai island has waterfront only at the three points: Marine drive, Worli and Mahim inbetween the road runs through an asphalt jungle. For instance, travelling along Cadel road one does not realise that the waterfront is only 200m again. That is why the site is such an unique oppurtunity to have a new waterfront of 48414 sq.m., which wil be as vibrant to the city as chowpatty.
From top to bottom: a. View of the site of Victoria Mills to be developed as waterfront b. Plan of Victoria Mills site.
3.
CASE STUDY
3.2
CHARLES CORREA COMMITTEE REPORT
proposals by charles correa : india textile mills ltd . The proposal was to develop a community center and a school in the existing premises of the textile mill. Also a large pedestrian space is generated. Area to Developer: 18,214 sq.m. Area to the city: 16,346 sq.m.
From top to bottom: a. View of India Textile Mills which was proposed to develop a community cantre and a school in the existing premises of the textile mill, also a large pedestrian space is generated.
3. CASE STUDY
3.3
SETTLEMENT STUDIES
A R A N YA
BELAPUR
about
To provide housing, community and commercial facilities, primarily for the economically weaker sections but within a socially balanced matrix of middle and higher income groups.
Principle: each unit is on its own individual site so as to accomodate future expansion. The scheme caters for a wide range of income groups, from the lowest to middle income groups.
L O C AT I O N
Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Belapur, Maharashtra, India
ARCHITECT
total area and population served
Population: 40,000 (Projected); 60,000 (final). Net area: 220 acres
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS
B.V. Doshi, Vastu Shilpa Consultants
Charles Correa, Correa Associates
Population: 550 households Net area: 5.4 hectacres
3.
CASE STUDY
3.3
SETTLEMENT STUDIES A R A N YA
BELAPUR
DWELLING UNIT
A service core was provided so that the basic house is sensitive to the lifestyle and daily needs.Provides freedom to integrate indoor and outdoor spaces.Priority was given to orientation, light, ventilation and climatic control.Future scope for vertical expansion and the provision of subletting and commercial options.
Each unit has its own plot. Does not share any common walls with its neighbour. It has its own open-to-sky space which augments the built-up area.This allows each house owner to extend or change his dwelling in whatever way the family sees fit.
CLUSTER
The objectives at community/ street level are: Promote person to person contact through cluster of human scale. Create an individual character to each cluster. Provide income generation at cluster level. Provide all essential amenities and utilities to every street. Aranya has variations in ottas, entrances, staircases, fenestration which enrich street facade & help users express their identity.
The low-rise high-density scheme utilises a cluster arrangement around small community spaces. Schools and other public space facilities are located in the neighbourhod spaces. At a smaller scale, 7 units are grouped around an intimate courtyard of about 8 x 8 metres. 3 of the clusters combine to forma larger module of 21 houses with an open space of 12 x 12 metres. 3 such modules interlock to define a community space of 20 x 20 metres.
ARRANGEMENT
3. CASE STUDY
CLUSTER
A R A N YA
3.3
SETTLEMENT STUDIES BELAPUR
ARRANGEMENT neighborhood spaces, amenities & shops
neighborhood
civic amenities at the centre of the township
site plan
smallest unit of clustering
larger neighborhood
3.
CASE STUDY
3.4
public amenities
A R A N YA
community facilities & service infrastructure
AREA REQUIREMENTS FOR educational facilitIES The major civic and public amenities are located at the centre of the township. It acts as an identity and landmark forthe residents. Each neighbourhood has its own set of commercial area, schools, community gathering space, etc.
3. CASE STUDY
3.4
public amenities
educational facility requirements
at the neighborhood level(7000-9000 population)
at cluster/street level
3.
CASE STUDY
3.5
in conclusion . .
The Mumbai Example: The Charles Correa Committee proposal shows how we can effectively utilize the surplus land of the defunct industries and convert them into socially, culturally and economically rich and vibrant areas. The proposal also shows us how we can decongest living areas in large populated cities. The main points of inference from this study are: The large vacant pockets in the city’s industrial heartland should be utilized for infrastructure, public welfare projects,etc. Part of the land can be used for providing low-cost housing, mainly for the large migrant mazdoor population living in the nearby vicinity in congested conditions. Projects like a waterfront development, public parks, community centre, schools, and even bus terminals can be ideally located the these parcels of land. Commercial development such as shopping arcades, bazaars, office buildings can be proposed in part of the site. The aim will be to raise the standard of living in the nearby mazdoor settlement and generate employment opportunities for the local population.
Settlement studies: Aranya & Belapur Aranya and Belapur are examples on how we can plan and develop living conditions for the economically weaker section of the society. The street and neighbourhood pattern of Aranya encourage commercial and social engagement. The clustering allows community spaces to develop. In Aranya, the public amenities in the centre act as a landmark for the population. Each neighbourhood on its own has schools, community centre, library, local shops.
4. s pa c e p r o g r a m m i n g
T O TA L N O. O F HOUSEHOLDS: 620 AVERAGE HOUSHOLD SIZE: 7 T O TA L P O P U L AT I O N (AVERAGE): 4340 % distribution of number of persons % distribution of main workers
% distribution of employment
seeking work in the household
amongst the settlement dwellers
& marginal workers
4. s pa c e p r o g r a m m i n g
DISTRIBUTION OF EMPIRE JUTE MILL LAND AND SURROUNDING SETTLEMENT AREA
P O P U L AT I O N D E N S I T Y O F T I TA G A R H : 38,337 people/sq.km TOTAL POPULATION OF
TOTAL LITERATES: 82,696
TITAGARH:134,198
MALE:52,013; FEMALE:30,683
MALE:70,608; FEMALE:53,590
LITERACY RATE: 73.75%
AVG. SEX RATIO:759:1000
5. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
5.1
THE SITE
From top to bottom: a. Site Zoning b. Site Model showing the existing structures in black and proposed structures in white.
5. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
5.1
F I G U R E G R O U N D R E L AT I O N S H I P
THE SITE
5. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
5.1
THE SITE
EXISTING BUILDING TYPOLOGY
PROPOSED BUILDING TYPOLOGY
5. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
5.2
DESIGN ELEMENTS
HOUSING RESETTLEMENT
The premise of the cluster layout is to provide an enclosed yet free open space for each group. Inter connected terraces create a second connection at a higher level . A homogenous mix of housing types with variation in building height is encouraged within clusters. THE”INDIVIDUAL HOUSE” The Main concern is the question of “PRIVACY”. A Bamboo lattice partition can be put up when required as a solution. The kitchen storage can be incorporated into a Built in Wall Function. BASIC IDEA of INCREMENTAL HOUSING There is a mix of Ground Floor and First Floor in the housing clusters. The orientation is such that the first floor houses shade the courtyard, mainy in the S and W side. The courtyard scale is kept intimate to promote social interaction. Interconnected terraces create an intersting skyline
5. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
5.2 DESIGN ELEMENTS HOUSING RESETTLEMENT
VIEW SHOWING THE HOUSING CLUSTER WITH CONNECTED TERRACES
KITCHEN STORAGE UNIT
BAMBOO LATTICE PARTITION
MOVEMENT Staggered movement of pedestrians to create pockets of semi-public space
THE ENCLOSURE The housing clusters with inward looking courtyards.
PLINTH PROJECTION Creation of a semipublic space outside the residence.
TERRACES Connection of terraces at various levels to create a second level of connection.
SHOP FRONT Using the plinth projection as a shop front.
5. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
5.2
DESIGN ELEMENTS
school / literacy centre
A Modular approach has been taken towards the development of the floor plans. A raised plinth (or OTLA) runs along the building profile as an attempt to integrate the inside with the outside. Inclusion of a semi covered porch acts as an additional spill out space. The layout has been done so as to incorporate any future expansion in the school. BUILT FORM
CONCEPT The starting principle was to shield the scholl’s environment from the densely populated area outside. “CREATION OF AN OASIS”
GREEN VOID
The arrangement of the blocks are so that the court inside is shaded Open space is pushed towards one side, so as to get maximum area possible and to shield it from outside noise from the street.
5. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
5.2 DESIGN ELEMENTS health centre The health centre is placed near and alongside a vehicular road for ease of access. Other than an out-patient department , an in-patient ward(accommodating 6 people) is also provided. Recurring elements like OTLA, COVERED PORTICO and WALKWAYS are used. Using a central court. The central court acts as a secluded spot amongst the thouroughfare of the road outside.
community centre The main purpose of the community centre is to give the local population a PLACE TO CONGREGATE and mix. This area would provide a backdrop canvas for RELIGIOUS & CULTURAL EVENTS. A large ground is created and is left largely vacant. Two workshop rooms are provided for VOCATIONAL TRAINING classes. Use of Brick Jali walls to screen the plaza
5 .3 D E S I G N PROPOSAL
5. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
5.4
3D MODEL OF THE SITE
From top to bottom: a. Site Model showing the existing structures in black and proposed structures in white.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gauzin Muller: Sustainable Architecture & Urbanism Michael Y. Seelig: Architecture of Self help communities Gautam Bhatia: Laurie Baker- life, works & drawings International Journal of Heritage & Sustainable Development (Vol-1), 2011 (Editor: Sergio Lira) Low cost housing & infrastructure, BMTPC, New Delhi Vastu-Shilpa Foundation: Aranya - An approach to Settlement design Slum as a Resource: An effort to integrate it with the city for mutual symbiosis. Thesis report by Harshwardhan P. Nagpure, Urban Design, CEPT: 2006-07 Reusing Urban Voids as a productive resource for the city core, Case: Ahmedabad. Thesis report by Sandeep Paul, Urban Design, CEPT: 2003-2004 Deriving a method of slum improvement, Case: Dharavi, Mumbai. Thesis report by Rahul A. Nawle, Urban Design, CEPT: 2001-02 Charles Correa Committee Report on Mumbai Mill Land Development, August 1996 KMDA Website: www.kmdaonline.org Barrackpore Municipality Website: www.barrackporemunicipality.org
www.barrackpore.gov.in