A Program for an International Arrivals Facility | Tallahassee International Airport by Kimberlie A. Robinson

A Program for an International Arrivals Facility for Tallahassee International Airport

A Program for an International Arrivals Facility for Tallahassee International Airport Kimberlie Robinson Professor White Programming

Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Introduction Chapter 2 | Precedence Study Washington Dulles International Airport Building Description Narrative Passenger conveyance Elaboration Analysis Denver International Airport Building Description Narrative Elaboration Analysis Chapter 3 | Project Context Relevant Project Goals Regulating Processes & Organizations Larger Systems Larger Contexts Site Local Politics Financial Previous Studies Preliminary Studies Undertaken Competitors & Collaborators Client Client Partners and Collaborators Client Competitors Project History Chapter 4 | Site Surrounding Context National State-Wide: Primary Cities State-Wide: Counties Description & Location Neighborhood & Larger Context Surrounding Context Surrounding Context 3

Contours Primary and Secondary Roads Existing Buildings and Natural Features Property Zoning Climatic Data Wind Chart Temperatures Relative Humidity Wind Speeds Precipitation Chart Temperatures Chapter 5 | Operation Overview Client's Highest Vision Increasing General Aviation Decreasing Airline Cost Per Enplanement Increasing Commercial Passenger Service Increase and Enhance Non-Aeronautical and Terminal Concessions Revenue Organizational Chart Overview of Operation Relation of Client Operation to Community Operational Schedule Yearly Peaks Seasonal Peaks Monthly Daily Cargo Relation of Operation to Site Critical Issues Departments List Chapter 6 | Summaries Departments and Spaces Chart Bubble Diagram Critical Issues Chapter 7 | Budget Cost Estimate Analysis Cost Per Square Foot Chapter 8 | Design Study Narrative Neighborhood Site Treatment Building Organization Form Diagrams

Adjacency Studies Airline Ticketing Security FIS & Other Offices Administration & Support Concessions Lobby / Hold Room Arrivals Lobby Baggage Support Building Organization Level 1 Underground Departments Airline Ticketing Security FIS & Other Offices Administration & Support Concessions Lobby / Hold Room Baggage Support Site Chapter 9 | Conclusions Clients Goals Design Goals Enhancement of Concessions Creating Local Identity through Hospitality and Community Maintaining the Travel Myth Identity Operation Overview Site and Site Issues Chapter 10 | Appendix Bibliography Program Outline Topic: Spirit of Place, Genius Loci Building Type: International Airport Terminal Building Type in Relation to Topic Building Requirements Departments List Interior Spaces1 p12 6 p384 Landside Access Interface Access - Processing Processing

Processing - Flight Interface Terminal Services Administration Freight & Cargo Services Total Square Footage Terminal Design - Interior Spaces1 p12 Access Interface Terminal Flight Interface Exterior Spaces Parking1 p13 Total Square Footage Precedents Washington Dulles International Airport Denver International Airport Challenges Identified Site Description & Location Neighborhood & Larger Context Existing Context Tallahassee-ism

Chapter 1 | Introduction This report presents information for the design of a new International Arrivals Facility for the City of Tallahassee in Tallahassee, Florida. The project will enclose 51,869 gross square feet of space and 129,030 square feet of exterior development. Operational departments in the International Arrivals Facility include Administration and Support, Security, Baggage Claim and Handling, Arrivals Lobby, Airline Ticketing Lobby, Departures Lobby, and Concessions. Major exterior zones include the exterior lobby and courtyard. 300 Parking spaces will be provided. The building will house close to 900 staff and accommodate close to 1200 passengers. Building delivery will extend from August 2015 with the initiation of programming to projected client move-in in December 2017. Project cost is estimated at $41,465,035. The project is located in Tallahassee, Florida on a square 5 acre parcel at the southwest edge of town. The property is adjacent to the existing Ivan Munroe Main Terminal Building as well as the Cargo Facilities and slopes from 60 feet above mean sea level to 50 feet above mean sea level. A potential influence on this project is changes in regulation regarding security. Major design challenges include reducing the human scale of the terminal. The clients highest vision and hope for this International Arrivals Facility is that it increases and brings in additional revenue for international flight and international shipping.

Chapter 2 | Precedence Study Washington Dulles International Airport Building Description

Washington Dulles International Airport Eero Sarineen Washington DC

Narrative The Washington Dulles International Airport is a timeless example of an airport containing multiple independent sections which make up the building. The international arrivals is within one building whereas the national arrivals are located in a separate building. Both of these buildings are separated from the main building. Each of the separate arrivals facilities and the main terminal are connected by shuttle bus, moving walkways and an automatic people mover train. Space and connections have been reserved for the possible addition of further terminals. Passengers are transported to the terminals via a mobile people mover system. As a part of the Washington Dulles International airport, the international arrivals facility still services the remainder of the airport where its international services including the housing of FIS, international security measures, its separate international gates, concessions, concourse and baggage claim. The main facility feeds passengers to the two separate buildings and concourses. The initial scanning done by the TSA is performed in the international building.

Washington Dulles airport has a secure facility in Concourse C for international passengers connecting to domestic flights on United airlines.

Passenger conveyance Washington Dulles Airport has a total of two types of people mover systems which carry passengers directly from the concourses of the terminal to the aircraft on the aircraft aprons and aircraft ramps, located only a half a mile away. These two systems are called the Mobile Lounge and the Plane Mate. The Mobile Lounge is a 54 foot long 16 foot wide vehicle and the Plane Mate is a 54 foot long and 15 foot wide vehicle. Both of these systems carry multiple passengers at a time directly from their terminal to their aircraft located on the aircraft apron. The airport maintains a fleet of 19 Mobile Lounges and 30 Plane Mates. The mobile lounge was designed by the Chrysler Corporation in association with the Budd Company. This unique service was offered at Washington Dulles since the airport opening in 1963. During the airport's opening, passengers only had to walk a total of 200 feet until they reach their Mobile Lounge which would deliver them to their aircraft. This is been a historic and traditional feature of Washington Dulles since the opening of the airport. The service transports passengers directly from the main terminal concourses and provides a short bus trip directly to their aircraft. Both of these services allow passengers to directly board the aircraft from the vehicle, eliminating the need for gate side passenger boarding devices and eliminating passengers walking across the airfield. Using this method effectively decreases the need length of the Concourse, thus reducing square footage, walking distance for passengers, building footprint and cost. This method of people mover transport aid significantly in the design of the new international rights facility. The setup which reduces the size of the Concourse and in turn the size of the terminal provides a benefit in the design of the international rebels facility in the aspect of size. It does so in two ways. It reduces the overall building footprint of the terminal. It does so by eliminating the need for gates within the terminal, replacing them with bus people mover systems that deliver the passenger to their aircraft parked on the aircraft apron. As a result, less departure lounges and hold lobbies are needed. With the reduced building footprint, the terminal can now fit more easily on the terminal ramp next to the main terminal building. The separate terminals for separate functions is in support of and aids security in the sense where international passengers are effectively separated from domestic passengers and other people and visitors. The separation is required by the US customs and border protection of the Federal Aviation Administration and the transportation security administration. International passengers must be separated from domestic passengers and other people until they had been processed by customs and immigrations and in some cases a secondary scan as well as their baggage being scanned. International passengers must present accurate identification as well as a passport to be successfully processed through customs and immigration. They as well as the baggage must be subjected to a security scan before being allowed to come into contact with domestic passengers and other visitors. 9

Elaboration The scale of the project is out of proportion but the project situation itself most closely resembles this project in which the international arrivals facility is a separate building from the regional facility and the main terminal building.

Analysis As an analysis, I primarily focused on the layout of the spaces and which spaces were included within the International Arrivals Facility, the Regional Arrivals Facility and which were shared from the Main Building. I also focused on the method of connection between the international arrivals facility and the main airport.

Denver International Airport Building Description

Narrative Gate A is international

Chapter 3 | Project Context Relevant Project Goals The cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s goal regarding the project is to boost general aviation, freight carriers and commercial passenger service as well as lower airfare and shipping prices. The city also hopes the new terminal will attract new businesses to the area. The airport being close to I-10 is a big consideration for the city in regards to shipping. The city also plans on including renovations of the existing terminal.3 p3

Regulating Processes & Organizations There are four categories of regulating aviation organizations; Federal Agencies, State Agencies, International Government Agencies and Industry and Trade Organizations. Federal Agencies include the Federal Aviation Administration, Transportation Security Administration, US Department of Homeland Security which manages the US Customs and Borders Protection and the Environmental Protection Agency. State Agencies include the Florida Department of Transportation. International Agencies include the International Civil Aviation Organization. Industry and Trade Organizations include The International Aviation Transportation Association and the Air Transportation Association of America. FAA, IATA, Florida Building Code, US Customs and Borders Protection

Larger Systems This project is part of the Tallahassee International Airport facility. The Tallahassee International Airport when completed will consist of a regional terminal and an international terminal.

Larger Contexts Site The existing regional terminal would impact the placement of the new international terminal on the site.

Local Politics The City Commissioners, the Governor, the Aviation Director of Tallahassee International Airport and others in power and influential roles in the government, legislature and airport administration could impact decisions on the project. The Aviation Director is hoping to reduce project cost by connecting the new international terminal to the existing regional terminal

building. Citizens of Tallahassee would also influence the project as the airport is a public airport.

Financial A change to the funding of the Blueprint tax revenue could occur which would significantly impact the funding of this project.

Previous Studies Preliminary Studies Undertaken The city has already gotten approval from the City Commission, Governor Rick Scott and US Customs and Borders Protection. The city has already developed the general location of the new terminal. The city also has an idea of how much square feet of land can be used to place the new terminal on. The city has already determined that no upgrades are needed for the runway to accept international flights and very little upgrades must be done for taxiways to guide these planes to the new terminal. The city begun thinking about whether the new terminal should be connected to the existing building or if it should be a separate building. The city has determined that they additionally want to remodel the existing regional terminal. The city has determined that the project will cost 8.5 million dollars including staffing of new employees to the new terminal and has obtained earmarked funding through the future Blueprint tax revenue.

Competitors & Collaborators Client The client for this project is the City of Tallahassee as Tallahassee International Airport is a public airport owned by the city of Tallahassee.

Client Partners and Collaborators Collaborators include the Governor, City Commission and other local legislative individuals that influence the project positively.

Client Competitors Possible competitors include other surrounding international airports who are competing for the same general aviation customers as well as businesses and shipping. Some include Pensacola International Airport, Jacksonville International Airport and Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.

Project History Tallahassee International Airport is a city owned public airport that serves Tallahassee and its surrounding areas. The facility will be the first International Arrivals Facility in the Panhandle and surrounding areas of Alabama and South Georgia. The city of Tallahassee wanted to boost general aviation within the airport, freight carriers and commercial passenger service as well as lower airfare and shipping prices. The city also is aiming to attract new businesses to the area with the new terminal. The airport being close to I10 is a big consideration for the city in regards to shipping. The city also plans on including renovations of the existing terminal.3 p3 Currently, the airport sees more general aviation, air taxi and military operations than scheduled air carrier operations. Consequently, the city is trying to increase air carrier operations and shipping operations. Operations Air Carrier: Air Taxi: General Aviation Local: General Aviation Itinerant: Military: TOTAL OPERATIONS:

4,873 10,647 6,316 22,363 12,518 56,717

Operations for 12 Months Ending: 03/31/2015 7

706,000 Passengers have used the airport in 2014 There are only 19 daily commercial flights on average There are currently only 4 airlines at Tallahassee International Airport including American, Delta, Silver and US Airways. 3

Chapter 4 | Site Surrounding Context National

State-Wide: Primary Cities

Tallahassee is far from the other larger populations of Florida. The red and yellow areas of the map above signify medium and large population centers throughout the state. Tallahassee is part of the Panhandle which has its own, more secluded feel when it comes to travel experience. It is separate from the bustling travel locations of Central and Southern Florida of which most people familiarize themselves with. Florida has its own â&#x20AC;&#x153;travel mythâ&#x20AC;? where it is commonly thought of with large public beaches with crystal blue water, large cities such as Orlando, Miami and Tampa and even more commonly, Disney World and Universal. An idea as a feature throughout the International Arrivals Facility is to continue upon this travel myth, incorporating it into the design. This way, travelers don't lose the idea of the myth as they are on their way to these large public beaches and large cities and tourist attractions like Disney World.

State-Wide: Counties

Tallahassee is located in the center of Leon County and is the primary city located in Leon County. The Tallahassee International Airport is primarily its own district located in the Southwest of Tallahassee.

Description & Location The site is located within Tallahassee International Airport. The site is primarily flat with little elevation. The city has allotted a space next to the existing terminal building to place the international terminal. The site has the existing regional terminal as well as parking, rental car services and the taxiways and runways for the regional airport. The taxiways and runways are being used for the international terminal as well. The total airport contains 2700 acres of land. 1000 of these acres is available for commercial development.3 p3

Neighborhood & Larger Context The site has little context around it other than the existing regional terminal building and service buildings.

Surrounding Context

The site drawing above shows the property of the Tallahassee International Airport as well as its surrounding context. The Tallahassee international Airport is bordered by government and industrial property immediately to the Northeast. Further past this property contains primarily residential areas, with some commercial areas. Several lakes exist to the northeast of the property including Lake Hiwathia, Grassy Lake and Lake Bradford. The Munson Slough and the Black Swamp are also located northeast of the site. To the north of the site, Cascade Lake borders the site. Many residencies are located nearby and around these lakes. The Don Veller's Seminole golf course is also located northwest of the property. To the southeast, south, southwest and west of the site, the Apalachicola National Forest surrounds the site. This forest is used primarily to preserve wildlife. Also to the Southeast is the City of Tallahassee Municipal Waste & Stormwater Treatment Treatment Plant.

The site is in between the existing Cargo Facilities as well as the existing Main Terminal. The site is aimed to be located near the existing Cargo Facilities as well as the existing Main Terminal. The connection is needed to the main terminal where International passengers can access the Main Terminal and Domestic passengers can access the International Arrivals Facility. The connection is needed to the Cargo Facilities where cargo can be transferred onto international flights, as part of the commercial flight and as separate international cargo flights.

The reason for choosing this particular location as the location of the new International Arrivals Facility is to connect the International Arrivals Facility in the Main Terminal visually through the use of dialogue and physically through the use of an outdoor lounge/courtyard. This will effectively join the two terminals. The use of the bus people mover system only further connects the terminals to one another. The connection between these two terminals reduces the physical and perceived visual scale of the airport and International Arrivals Facility. To achieve the goal of reducing the scale of the airport to a more human scale, a proposed solution is to create a relaxing courtyard that joins the two buildings. This would provide a physical path of connection where passengers can in between flights traverse to the International Arrivals Facility from the Ivan Monroe Main Terminal through the courtyard. This aids in achieving the goal of reducing the scale of the airport to a more human scale. This also makes both of the terminals more visually connected. This courtyard can provide an opportunity for passengers to wind down and relax before attending to their connecting flights. This courtyard also gives a chance to serve the domestic passengers of the Ivan Monroe Main Terminal building where they can also use it as a relaxing space to rejuvenate themselves and as an additional space to be in upon waiting for their flights. This courtyard would be an exterior amenity. This also achieves the goal of making the passengers experience of being processed through the airport less stressful.

The courtyard will be a shared space between both terminals where passengers can use it prior to or waiting for their flights. The courtyard can also serve as an entry to both terminals from the parking lot. The courtyard would then give a relaxing progression to the terminals. The courtyard can then serve as a sort of outdoor departures and arrivals lounge, where passengers can enjoy the space while waiting for the flight and passengers and visitors can meet and greet.. A primary challenge to this is security. There need to be some sort of separation between visitors and departing passengers due to Customs and Border Protection and the Transportation Safety Administration's rules regarding the separation of departing passengers and arriving international passengers. These passengers must be scanned and must go through customs and immigrations before coming into contact with other passengers and the general public. A possible solution would be having only one of these two types of aforementioned lobbies, either a departures outdoor lobby or and arrivals out there will. Another solution would be to create a separation between both functions and spaces where it is not possible to get from the departures outdoor lobby space to the arrivals of the lobby space directly. This can possibly be done by creating some sort of wall or boundary where the departures outdoor lobby can only be accessed from the departures concourse the arrivals at the lobby can only be accessed by the public spaces of the airport before security is reached. Some features included in this courtyard would be areas for seating, possible water features and local vegetation of the area. The arrivals courtyard can be broken down into sections that support each function separately. This would result in a separate area for seating spaces, greeting areas and the progression into the courtyard. The arrivals outdoor lobby space would possibly need some sort of method of ensuring that the visitors, greeters and well-wishers aren't tempted to inhabit the space for more than a certain amount of time. The lobby spaces can have a connection with food sales concessions or retail concessions as well to achieve the clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s goal of increasing concessions revenues. There also needs to be a barrier separating the edge of the courtyard from the terminal ramp were planes traverse. The boundary still wants to keep a visual the of the ramp and runway for passengers to be able to view the everyday activities of the airport and operations.

Contours

The site slopes a total of 10 feet from the northwest to the southeast portion of the site. The site begins at 60 feet above mean sea level and slopes down to 50 feet above sea level. The site is located primarily on flat ground with little to no slope.

Primary and Secondary Roads

The primary road that leads to the Tallahassee international Airport's Capital Cir., Northeast. Capital Cir., Northeast comes from the north and looks around the outer boundary of the site, changing directions from North and South to the east and west. Capital Cir., Northeast is the only primary public road that allows access to the airport.

Capital Cir., Northeast is used not only as the access road for the public areas of the airport but is also used for private and service roads of the airport. In the images above, it can be seen that a private access road connects from Capital Cir., Northeast to the cargo facilities of the airport. A public access road connects from Capital Cir., Northeast to the Main Terminal Building and it's primary parking facilities.There are currently existing taxiways which connect the Main Terminal Ramp and the Cargo Ramp to the 09/27 Runway.

Existing Buildings and Natural Features

There is currently no vegetation on the proposed site. Existing buildings and facilities include the Ivan Monroe Main Terminal, located to the left of the proposed site and the existing cargo facilities, located to the right at the proposed site.

Property

The property is in the overall shape of a lowercase t and has its runways, roads and structures on the north and east extensions of the site. A small portion of the property is located across the street from Capital Cir., Northeast. This portion of property along with an additional portion of property at the north end of the site are the newest additions of land to the airport property.

Zoning

Climatic Data Wind Chart

This chart displays the overall wind patterns, temperature and relative humidity throughout the city of Tallahassee Florida. The wind chart displays from every angle the average annual measurements above.

Temperatures Cooler temperatures are seen to emerge from the north and northwest directions as well as the Southeast directions. Moderate temperatures are seen to emerge from the Southwest and East directions. Temperatures are measured in Fahrenheit. This means that especially during cooler months people must be protected from the Northern cooler winds. This also means that in warmer months northern winds should be captured in order to cool individuals.

Relative Humidity Relative humidity is seen to be lower coming from the Northern direction compared to any other direction. Relative humidity is measured in percentage of humidity.

This means that the Northern winds contain less humidity than winds originating from other directions.

Wind Speeds Wind speeds are seen to be generally higher coming from the Southeast and Southwest directions as well as the immediate West direction and immediate Northeast and Northwest directions. Minimum wind speeds reach just under 5 miles per hour. Average wind speeds reach slightly over 10 miles per hour. Maximum wind speeds reach between 15 and and 30 mph. This means that the site must be protected from prevailing winds in the Southeast, Southwest and immediate West, Northeast and Northwest directions as these winds can reach and exceed 30 mph.

Precipitation Chart

This chart shows the average inches of precipitation monthly. The blue bars indicate average precipitation per month. The blue line represents low temperatures per month and the red line represents high temperatures per month. According to this chart, there is a significant increase in rainfall during the summer months as well as during early spring. Average precipitation during these months range between 6 and 8 inches.

This means that the site will experience more rain during the summer months as well as during early spring. Because the site slopes an average of 10 feet, proper protection and drainage must be applied to the site as heavy rainfall can occur during these months.

Temperatures

According to the chart, temperatures are significantly higher in the spring and summer months than in the winter and fall months. During the winter months, the mean temperatures are closer to 50째. During spring months mean temperatures range between 60 and 75째. During summer months mean temperatures are closer to 80째. During 4 months, mean temperatures range between 55 and 80째.

Chapter 5 | Operation Overview Client's Highest Vision The City of Tallahassee is planning to build an international branch to the local airport, now renamed as Tallahassee International Airport. The city’s goal regarding the project is to boost general aviation, freight carriers and commercial passenger service as well as lower airfare and shipping prices. The city also hopes the new terminal will attract new businesses to the area. The airport being close to I-10 is a big consideration for the city in regards to shipping. The city also plans on including renovations of the existing terminal. The city’s primary goals include: ● Increasing General Aviation ● Increasing Freight and Cargo Aviation ● Increasing Commercial Passenger Service ● Increasing Non-Aeronautical and Terminal Concessions Revenue ● Increasing national and international service

Increasing General Aviation

Out of the average 176 aircraft operations that go on daily, 21% of these military operations, 36% are transient operations, 26% are air taxi operations and only 6% are commercial operations. Currently, the airport sees more general aviation, air taxi and military operations than scheduled air carrier operations. Consequently, the city is trying to increase air carrier operations and shipping operations nationally and internationally

Decreasing Airline Cost Per Enplanement Historically, Tallahassee International Airport's cost per enplanement (the amount of money airlines spend to support operations regarding passenger enplanement per enplanement) is on the higher side of $14.67 per enplanement. Higher airline costs have the capability of influencing competitiveness between airline carriers and thus air service decisions.

Tallahassee International Airport, in comparison to other select Florida airports has an overall airline cost per enplanement that is almost double that of the leading select Florida airport as well as the ACI small hub average airline cost per enplanement. Tallahassee International Airport, in comparison to other airports of comparable size has a significantly larger airline cost per enplanement. Tallahassee international Airport has an airline cost per enplanement of $14.67. The leading airport of comparable size airline cost per enplanement is only $8.92. These figures solidify the reality that Tallahassee International Airport's cost per enplanement must significantly decrease.

Increasing Commercial Passenger Service The increasing of Commercial Service will effectively reduce the Cost per Enplanement for Commercial Airlines. An increase of Commercial Airlines providing service throughout the airport as well as an increase in the destinations they offer will bring in more money for the airport, increasing the services the airport can provide to Commercial Airlines as well as the passengers.

Increase and Enhance Non-Aeronautical and Terminal Concessions Revenue Currently, Tallahassee International Airport's average total sales per enplanement is a total of $4.82 per enplanement. This is an overall figure, the client feels is relatively decent but could be improved upon.The average total sales is composed of average retail sales and average food service sales.

Tallahassee International Airport's average retail sales per enplanement (average amount of retail food sales per enplanement) is $1.95 per enplanement. This is considered by the client to be fairly strong. Tallahassee International Airport's average food service sales per enplanement (average amount of food sales per passenger is $2.87 per enplanement. The client feels that this is low and must be significantly raised.

Organizational Chart

The Director of Aviation directly oversees the Aviation Department which consists of 5 divisions; the Executive Division, the Commercial Development Division, the Finance Division, the Facilities and Maintenance Division, the Operations, Security, and Information Technology Division and the Planning, Development and Environmental/Technical Services Division. The aviation department as a whole consists of approximately 250 part and full-time employees. The City Manager Tallahassee appoints and oversees the Director of Aviation. The Director of Aviation oversees the International arrivals Facility Director of Aviation. The City Manager is appointed by the Tallahassee City Commission.

The Executive Division is responsible for providing overall direction and guidance for airport staff as well as managing the Aviation Divisionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposed goals, including the "Vision 2020" which consists of goals to create a high-performance organization, future expansion, preserving the airport's financial health, creating stronger relationships throughout the community and delivering and enhancing best in class customer service. The Commercial Development Division manages the commercial tenants throughout the airport. This includes lease development, tenet compliance, overall management and the ACDBE program for the Concessions and General Aviation commercial lines of business. The Finance and Administration Division manages and provides financial management for all levels of the aviation division. This division is responsible for human resources management, procurement and risk management review, organizational development and training and internal audit. The Facilities and Maintenance Division manages all real properties for the Aviation Division. This department is responsible for the maintenance of the exterior terminal, landscape and roadways, local, state and federal building code and electrical code compliance as well as structural maintenance and repairs. The Operations, Security and Information Technology Division manages and oversees regulatory relationships in addition to operations, security, and information technology for the Aviation Division. The Operations branch of this division is responsible for the management of aeronautical revenue streams including general aviation, cargo, commercial and Fixed Base Operators As Well as landside and airside operations. The Security branch of this division is responsible for the regulatory compliance of the Federal Aviation Administration, the Transportation Security Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Department of Health and Safety, as well as training and safety compliance, the expanded communication command control center, police and fire rescue and other airfield miscellaneous agencies. The Information Technology branch of this division is responsible for the information technology and communication systems throughout the Aviation Division. The Planning, Development and Environmental/Technical Services Division manages and oversees construction contracts and provides engineering management support to the Aviation Division. This division is responsible for engineering reviews, architectural design, CADD mapping, the oversight, compliance and management of DBE, MBE, and WBE contracts and constructions, maintaining structural and land records, stormwater management, economic development and environmental compliance. The Tallahassee City Commission and the Aviation Apartment are served in an advisory capacity by the Airport Advisory Committee. The Airport Advisory Committee advises on issues presented to the committee that are related to the operation and promotion of Tallahassee International Airport, economic development opportunities and activities prompted by the committee's presence and functions. The members of the Airport Advisory Committee are

recommended by the Mayor and appointed by the Tallahassee City Commission. The Airport Advisory Committee consists of 18 members.

Overview of Operation The Tallahassee International Airport serves the city of Tallahassee where air travel services are provided to passengers and cargo is shipped via aircraft. The Airport provides service to several airline carriers who provide air travel services to the public. The airport is planning to provide increased commercial passenger service to the public and increased cargo and freight services to the public, businesses and government with increased national and international service. The airport also provides services to the United States military where the airport will allow the United States military to land on the runway and store their aircraft as well as private aviation services were individuals may land their aircraft. The airport houses a part of Lively Technicalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Aviation Flight School where individuals are instructed in flight. The airport also provides transfer services for flights needed to connect to another flight.The airport ships handles and transfers cargo needed to be shipped. Cargo is handled from the vehicle to aircraft and vice versa.

Relation of Client Operation to Community The Tallahassee international Airport serves the city at Tallahassee by providing air travel services and shipping services to the city of Tallahassee. The Tallahassee international Airport supports multiple cargo operations annually. By doing so, the Tallahassee Airport supports the movement of goods throughout Tallahassee.

Operational Schedule Yearly Peaks The Tallahassee international Airport is open every day of the year, though peak times and peak days vary.

Seasonal Peaks Air travel increases during holiday seasons and during the summer season though still keeps a steady amount of passengers due to business operations in the cities various sports venues.

Monthly Air travel increases during the beginning and end of the month, where the center of the month sees less air travel.

Daily Air Travel increases in morning and midday and decreases in the afternoon. The earliest flight time is at 4:30 am and the latest flight time is at 9:30 pm. An average of two flights land or take off per hour.

Cargo Cargo operations also increase during holiday seasons, though cargo operations remain steady throughout the year.

Relation of Operation to Site The Tallahassee International Airport Main terminal and international arrivals facility are both located on the property of the Tallahassee International Airport. These terminals are placed to the north of the 9/27 runway where aircraft can easily maneuver from the terminal ramps to the runway. The site of the Tallahassee International Airport is owned and operated by the City of Tallahassee.

Critical Issues A critical issue and challenge throughout this project would be defining this Tallahassee-ism. A good starting point for this would be determining what it means to be in and experience Tallahassee. Another critical issue would be delivering the travel myth throughout the facility as well as how security is handled.

Departments List

Chapter 6 | Summaries Departments and Spaces Chart

Bubble Diagram

Critical Issues ●

●

● ● ●

Connection between Main Terminal and International Arrivals Facility ○ Linking to the building directly or creating a pathway to the building and using courtyard to join the two Security regarding the exterior courtyard. ○ Ensuring international passengers are kept separate from domestic passengers and the public until screening Increasing Concessions revenue The balance between the local feel and the travel myth feel Defining the local feel or spirit of place of Tallahassee and the Panhandle

Chapter 7 | Budget Cost Estimate Analysis

Cost Per Square Foot The above cost per square foot was derived by analyzing the cost of square foot of other International Arrivals Facilities and similar facilities. The highest cost found among statewide airports with similar international facilities was used.

Chapter 8 | Design Study Narrative Neighborhood The International Arrivals Facility in relation to the neighborhood will focus on creating a balance of making the terminal the more locally influenced as well as maintaining the travel myths of Florida in creating a sense of place throughout the terminal. This will be done by instilling a sense of city Tallahassee as well as a s ense of Florida throughout the terminal.

Site Treatment The International Arrivals Facility in relation to the site will focus on creating a transition between the the identity of Tallahassee and the maintaining of the travel myths of Florida.This will be done by instilling this in an exterior courtyard between the existing Main Terminal and the new International Arrivals Facility. There will be separate areas for seating spaces, greeting areas and the progression into the courtyard. Some features included in this courtyard would be areas for seating, possible water features and local vegetation of the area. The courtyard will be a shared space between both terminals where passengers can use it prior to or waiting for their flights. The courtyard can also serve as an entry to both terminals from the parking lot. The courtyard would then give a relaxing progression to the terminals. The courtyard can then serve as a sort of outdoor departures and arrivals lounge, where passengers can enjoy the space while waiting for the flight and passengers and visitors can meet and greet..

Building Organization The International Arrivals Facility in relation to the building organization will focus on creating a balance of making the terminal the more locally influenced as well as maintaining the travel myths of Florida in creating a sense of place throughout the terminal. This will be done by instilling a sense of city Tallahassee as well as a sense of Florida throughout the terminal. The interior public spaces will create a feel and be organized in such a way where the travel myths and overall idea of Florida is expressed but the general idea of hospitality and community is also created, representing the local feel of Tallahassee.

Form The International Arrivals Facility in relation to the building form will focus on the creation of a form that maintains the travel myth of Florida. The form will be expressive and focus primarily on the various travel myths of Florida including water features, vegetation native to Central and Southern florida and a more urban facade embodying the feel of Central and Southern Florida cities most tourists visit.

Diagrams Adjacency Studies

Airline Ticketing

Security

FIS & Other Offices

Administration & Support

Concessions

Lobby / Hold Room

Arrivals Lobby

Baggage

Support

Building Organization Level 1

Underground

Departments Airline Ticketing

Security

FIS & Other Offices

Administration & Support

Concessions

Lobby / Hold Room

Baggage

Support

Site

Chapter 9 | Conclusions Clients Goals The city’s goal regarding the project is to boost general aviation, freight carriers and commercial passenger service as well as lower airfare and shipping prices. The city also hopes the new terminal will attract new businesses to the area. The airport being close to I-10 is a big consideration for the city in regards to shipping. The city also plans on including renovations of the existing terminal. The city’s primary goals include: ● Increasing General Aviation ● Increasing Freight and Cargo Aviation ● Increasing Commercial Passenger Service ● Increasing Non-Aeronautical and Terminal Concessions Revenue ● Increasing national and international service

Design Goals Design goals for the project include

Enhancement of Concessions ●

● ● ●

The creation of a central concession marketplace beyond security to have more food service concessions on the airside portion of the terminal, increasing the the average food service sales per enplanement. Creating an exterior departure and arrivals lobby encompassing food-service concessions Create concession destinations such as soft seating areas and gathering spaces. Allow concessions and amenities to create a sense of place (genius loci). Connect or integrate concession seating with hold rooms.

Creating Local Identity through Hospitality and Community ● ● ● ● ●

Create wifi zones in central hub and lounge to draw customers in creating customer loyalty. Install sponsored charging stations to diminish “digital nomads” Allow free spaces and circulation to create a sense of place (genius loci). Giving the lounges a communal and hospitable feel. Creating a space that is more relaxing that does not feel like another line to wait in Having a separate international terminal where passengers are bussed to the terminal / plane

●

Instilling a sense of city Tallahassee as well as a sense of Florida throughout the terminal where the interior public spaces will create a feel and be organized in such a way where the travel myths and overall idea of Florida is expressed but the general idea of hospitality and community is also created, representing the local feel of Tallahassee. Resolve issues of scale between the passengers and the building

Maintaining the Travel Myth Identity ●

●

Maintaining the travel myths of Florida by expressing these myths such as the inclusion of water features, vegetation native to Central and Southern florida and a more urban facade embodying the feel of Central and Southern Florida cities most tourists visit. Creating a transition between the the identity of Tallahassee and the maintaining of the travel myths of Florida by connecting the existing Main Terminal and the new International Arrivals Facility physically and visually through the use of an exterior courtyard.

Operation Overview The Tallahassee International Airport serves the city of Tallahassee where air travel services are provided to passengers and cargo is shipped via aircraft. The Airport provides service to several airline carriers who provide air travel services to the public. The airport is planning to provide increased commercial passenger service to the public and increased cargo and freight services to the public, businesses and government with increased national and international service. The airport also provides services to the United States military where the airport will allow the United States military to land on the runway and store their aircraft as well as private aviation services were individuals may land their aircraft. The airport houses a part of Lively Technical’s Aviation Flight School where individuals are instructed in flight. The airport also provides transfer services for flights needed to connect to another flight.The airport ships handles and transfers cargo needed to be shipped. Cargo is handled from the vehicle to aircraft and vice versa.

Site and Site Issues

Interactions Interaction between Goals and Operation Overview One of the primary goals of the airport is to increase aviation, primarily General Aviation, Commercial Passenger Service and Freight and Cargo Aviation nationally and internationally. Currently, the airport provides service to Military, Private Aviation, Transient Aviation and Cargo and Freight Aviation. The total annual operations for Cargo and Freight Aviation and Commercial Passenger Service are much lower than Military Aviation, Private Aviation and other types of Aviation. The increasing of Commercial Service will effectively reduce the Cost per Enplanement for Commercial Airlines. An increase of Commercial Airlines providing service throughout the airport as well as an increase in the destinations they offer will bring in more

money for the airport, increasing the services the airport can provide to Commercial Airlines as well as the passengers.

Interaction between Goals and Site The creation of the new International Arrivals Facility and the linkage of it to the existing Main Terminal plays a large role in increasing of General Aviation, Commercial Passenger Service and Freight and Cargo Aviation. The specific location of the site being near the Main Terminal Building and the existing Cargo Facilities makes it easier to achieve the above goals holistically as opposed to separate truncated achievements.

Interaction between Site and Operation Overview Currently, the airport provides service to Military, Private Aviation, Transient Aviation and Cargo and Freight Aviation. The amount of existing facilities on site at the airport generally correspond to the amount of the above operations the fulfill annually. Thus, it shows that the more facilities an operation has, the more of those type operations will be fulfilled annually.

Interaction between Goals and Neighborhood The city’s goals of increasing aviation links with the application of creating a balance of local identity and Florida myth by increasing passengers with this application.

Interaction between Goals and Site Organization The city’s goals of increasing aviation links with the application of creating a transition between the local identity of Tallahassee and Florida myth by creating an inviting outdoor lounge for passengers, increasing passengers with this application.

Interaction between Goals and Building Organization The city’s goals of increasing aviation links with the application of creating a balance of making the terminal more locally influenced as well as maintaining the travel myth by creating an iconic but more comfortable space for passengers, increasing passengers with this application.

Interaction between Goals and Building Form The city’s goals of increasing aviation links with the application of creating a balance of making the terminal more locally influenced as well as maintaining the travel myth by creating an iconic but more comfortable space for passengers, increasing passengers with this application.

Interaction between Operation Overview and Neighborhood The current services that the airport provides and creating a balance of more locally influence in the terminal as well as maintaining the myths of Florida. Current services will increase when services of the goals increase.

Interaction between Operation Overview and Site Organization The current services at the airport and joining the site between both buildings.

Interaction between Operation Overview and Building Organization The current services at the airport provides and creating a balance between local influence in travel myths of Florida. This balance will create more inviting environment two passengers which will in turn increase other airport operations.

Interaction between Operation Overview and Building Form Creating a form that maintains the trouble much of Florida will increase passengers throughout the airport which will increase goals and other current operations.

Interaction between Site and Neighborhood The location of the site in between the cargo facility and the main terminal and the use of maintaining the Florida myth and creating a local identity throughout the airport

Interaction between Site and Site Organization The placement of the International Arrivals Facility in between the main terminal on the cargo terminal and the location of the overall site of the airport itself.The location of the facility links to the Main Terminal building and the Cargo facilities.

Interaction between Site and Building Organization The choice of location between international arrivals facility and main terminal and the connection between spaces adjacent such as baggage of current facility and the and baggage of new facility also connection to baggage train.

Interaction between Site and Building Form Location of sight in between the cargo facility and the main terminal and the creation of a form that maintains the travel map of Florida. The form will be expressive and focus primarily on various travel myths of Florida including water features, vegetation native to central and southern Florida embodying the feel of central Florida cities that tourists visit.

Program as a Whole The creation of the International Arrivals Facility will boost aviation in general and create international travels sector of the airport, it also focuses on having a local feel within the airport. It's building organization as well sticking to and maintaining the travel myths of Florida to not disappoint international visitors who currently maintain their mitts of Florida as these travelers will likely be traveling to larger cities which hold those myths better than Tallahassee. The creation of an exterior courtyard and lounge further enhance is this creates a transition between the current Main Terminal and International Arrivals Facility where it lives together visually and physically both buildings. It also likes together and transitions the local field of the main terminal building Florida Myths and international feel of international arrivals facility.

Problem Statement Resolving issues of scale between the passengers and the building and creating identity using the local feel and spirit of place of Tallahassee as well as maintaining the Travel Myths of Florida.

Conceptual Intent Maximizing clues to identity in a building that is a machine for processing passengers. Working clues to identity into a building that does not want to have it functionally.

Chapter 10 | Appendix Bibliography 1. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. Airport Passenger Terminal Planning and Design. Rep. no. 25. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2010. Print and Web. 4 June 2015. Guidebook. <http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_rpt_025v1.pdf> 2. Kankanmge, Nayomi. "Genius Loci." Genius Loci. N.p., 25 Aug. 2014. Web. 14 Sept. 2015. <http://www.slideshare.net/nayomikankanamge/genius-loci-38324545? from_action=save> 3. Waters, TaMaryn. "Tallahassee's Airport Goes International." Tallahassee Democrat 29 June 2015: n. pag. Print. 4. De Neufville, Richard. "Defining Capacity of Airport Passenger Buildings."Airport Systems Planning, Design, and Management. Web. 4 June 2015. <http://ardent.mit.edu/airports/ASP_current_lectures/ASP %2004/Defining_Capacity04.pdf>. 5. De Neufville, Richard. "Design of Components of Airport Passenger Buildings."Airport Systems Planning, Design, and Management. Web. 4 June 2015. <http://ardent.mit.edu/airports/ASP_current_lectures/ASP %2004/Design_of_PaxBldg04.pdf>. 6. Horonjeff, Robert, Francis X. McKelvey, William J. Sproule, and Seth B. Young. Planning and Design of Airports. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Print. 7. GCR Incorporated. "TLH Services and Facilities." Airport IQ: Airport Master Records and Reports. GCR Incorporated, 20 Aug. 2015. Web. 21 Sept. 2015. <http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=TLH&AptSecNum=1> 8. Tallahassee Leon County Geographical Information Systems. City of Tallahassee, n.d. Web. 5 June 2015. <http://www.tlcgis.org/>. 9. City of Tallahassee. "Tallahassee International Airport: Airport Facts & Figures." City of Tallahassee. City of Tallahassee, n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. <http://www.talgov.com/airport/airport-facts-and-figures.aspx>.

10. Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture. New York: Rizzoli, 1980. Print. <https://marywoodthesisresearch.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/genius-loci-towards-aphenomenology-of-architecture-part1_.pdf> 11. SkyVector. "Tallahassee International Airport." SkyVector Aeronautical Charts. SkyVector, 15 Oct. 2015. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. <https://skyvector.com/airport/TLH/Tallahassee-International-Airport>. 12. Liggett, Robin, Murray Milne, Carlos Gomez, and Don Leeper. Climate Consultant. Computer software. Climate Consultant Download Page. Vers. 5.4. UCLA Energy Design Tools Group, n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. <http://www.energy-designtools.aud.ucla.edu/climate-consultant/request-climate-consultant.php>. 13. EMO Architects, Ricondo & Associates, and Airprojects. Tallahassee Regional Airport Strategic Terminal Master Plan. Tallahassee: Tallahassee International Airport, 2012. PDF. <http://www.talgov.com/Uploads/Public/Documents/airport/pdf/tra-master-terminal.pdf> 14. The City of Tallahassee. "Tallahassee International Airport: Airport Information." City of Tallahassee. The City of Tallahassee, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2015. <http://www.talgov.com/airport/airport-airport-info.aspx>. 15. The City of Tallahassee. "City Directions." City of Tallahassee. The City of Tallahassee, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2015. <http://www.talgov.com/main/citydirections.aspx? address=3300+Capital+Circle+SW%2CTallahassee%2CFL%2C32310>. 16. Trillion Aviation. International Airport Study: Executive Study. Austin: Tallahassee Regional Airport, Oct. 2014. PDF. <http://www.talgov.com/Uploads/Public/Documents/airport/pdf/tra-iafstudy.pdf> 17. Miami-Dade Aviation Department. "North Terminal International Arrivals Facility." Miami International Airport. Miami-Dade Aviation Department / Miami International Airport, 2015. Web. 21 Nov. 2015. <http://www.miami-airport.com/fis_north.asp>. 18. Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority. "Airport Overview." Dulles International. Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, 2015. Web. 21 Nov. 2015. <http://www.flydulles.com/iad/airport-overview>. 19. Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce. "Clark Team Picked for $470M Sea-Tac Project." Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce. Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce, 09 July 2015. Web. 21 Nov. 2015. <https://www.djc.com/news/co/12079475.html>.

20. Dallas / Fort Worth International Airport Finance Department. FY 2014 ADOPTED BUDGET. Rep. DFW Airport,: Dallas / Fort Worth International Airport Finance Department, 2014. Print. <https://www.dfwairport.com/cs/groups/public/documents/webasset/p2_113954.pdf> 21. Salt Lake City International Airport. "Terminal Development Program." The New SLC. Salt Lake City International Airport, 2015. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. <http://slcairport.com/thenewslc/>. 22. Salt Lake City International Airport. "Highlights of The New SLC." TRP Highlights Âť Salt Lake International Airport. Salt Lake City International Airport, 2015. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. <http://www.slcairport.com/thenewslc/trp-highlights/>. 23. HOK. "A Civic Asset for Salt Lake City's Future." Salt Lake City International Airport Passenger Terminal. HOK, 2015. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. <http://www.hok.com/design/type/aviation-transportation/salt-lake-city-internationalairport-passenger-terminal/>. 24. ArchDaily. "Alfonso Architects Awarded Tampa International Airport Expansion." ArchDaily. ArchDaily, 2012. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. <http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archdaily.com %2F256448%2Falfonso-architects-awarded-tampa-international-airport-expansion>. 25. Rainey, Richard. "Design of Louis Armstrong Airport's Proposed New, Modern Terminal Unveiled." The Times-Picayune - Greater New Orleans. The Times-Picayune, 16 Jan. 2014. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. <http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2014/01/design_of_louis_armstrong_airp.html>. 26. KBJ Architects Inc. "Orlando Internaitonal Airport: North." Orlando Internaitonal Airport: North. KBJ Architects, 2013. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. <http://www.kbj.com/Architecture/aviation/oia_north_terminal.htm>. 27. Bilbao, Richard. "Orlando International Airport OKs Architect for $1.8B South Terminal." Orlando Business Journal. Orlando Business Journal, 20 Aug. 2015. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bizjournals.com/orlando/blog/2015/08/orlando-international-airport-oksarchitect-for-1.html>. 28.

Program Outline Topic: Spirit of Place, Genius Loci The topic I have chosen is the spirit of place (genius loci). Genus Loci creates a place with strong media that incorporates humans and the world. It does this by handling the uniqueness of every place. Each place makes its own unique sense and expression that is not reproducible in any other place. It celebrates the idea that everyplace is unique.

Building Type: International Airport Terminal The building type I have chosen is an airport terminal. The reason behind choosing this building type lies within city's needs or airport terminals. Originally, I had begun researching several cities which had open projects for facilities relating to their airports. Of the several cities and began to research, my initial interest was Tallahassee, Florida where the city had an open need for an international terminal located on the grounds of the existing regional terminal within the city's airport.

Building Type in Relation to Topic I would like to consider genius loci within the airport as I believe it should display the spirit of the city in which passengers are arriving as it is the first place a visitor experiences upon arriving to a city. I intend to treat the airport terminal as a gateway to the city, welcoming the visitor and celebrating the city spirit of place. A secondary related topic is a portal. The terminal will serve as a gateway or portal that will connect visitors to the city of Tallahassee. This portal will become an entryway into the city of Tallahassee not only physically but spiritually. In relation to the airport terminal itself, genus loci as a concept aids in characterizing and expressing the uniqueness of the city. Visitors and natives will be reminded of the place they visit and where they live. Having the terminal represent the city in a positive light will give a good impression to the visitor who will expect nothing less of the rest of the city.The terminal should introduce visitors to the character and feel of the city.

Building Requirements The building must be split up into three general categories of spaces. These consist of the land side, air side, and the terminal 1 p9-10 6 p383.

The landside deals with the function of enabling pedestrians to enter and use the building as well as parking for pedestrians and visitors. It also deals with the transport and drop off of pedestrians using various transportation systems ranging from taxis, cars and buses. The airside deals with the function of enabling aircraft to function within the system of departing and arriving. This narrows down to parking, docking and loading passengers and baggage along the air side of the terminal. The terminal or the processing component processes the passenger in preparation for their starting ending or transferring for their air transportation trip. The flight interface, the connection between the terminal and the airside joins the terminal to parked aircraft. The access interface transfers the passenger from the landside component to the terminal. These include exterior circulation, parking and curbside loading and unloading of passengers.

Departments List Interior Spaces1 p12 6 p384 Landside ●

Roadways to airport

Access Interface ●

Entryway & Foyer

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Pedestrian Walkways / Crossing -They connect parking to terminal (facility) ○

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Vehicular People Mover Systems

Service Roads ○

Maintenance

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Fuel truck stands

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Air freight

Enplane & Deplane Curb Frontage ○

Load & Unload - Vehicular Access

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Roadways - Connecting to ○

Parking

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Terminal Curb

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Public Streets

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Highway

Access - Processing Parking ●

Arrivals Lobby ○ Area to greet family and others ○ Area for passengers for flight arrival

Processing ●

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Ticketing ○

Airline Ticket Counter

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Offices for Ticket Transactions

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Baggage Check-in

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Flight Information

Terminal Services ○ Public - Airmall ■ Concessions ■ Amenities ○ Private ■ Service Areas Baggage ○ Baggage Claim & Handling ■ Outbound baggage ● Non-public area ● Processing and sorting bags for departure flights ■ Inbound baggage ● Public area ● Receiving baggage from arriving flights ● Delivering baggage claimed by arriving passengers ■ Intraline / Interline baggage ● Processing transferred baggage from one flight to another (same or different airlines) ○ Baggage Screening System International Facilities-Federal Inspection Services ○ Processing passengers who arrive on international flights ○ Performing agricultural inspections

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○ Other security functions ○ Customs ○ Immigration Security Facilities ○ Passenger Screening ■ Metal detectors and other scanning machinery ○ Baggage Screening ■ X-ray machines ○ Controlling public access to passenger boarding devices

Processing - Flight Interface ● ●

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Concourse ○ Circulation to departure lounges and other areas Passenger Boarding Device ○ Enplaning and Deplaning Passengers ○ Connects with aircraft door with departure lounge and concourse Airline Operations ○ Departure and Arrival ■ Activities ■ Airline Personnel ■ Equipment Departure Lobby / Holdroom ○ Preparing passengers for a flight departure

Terminal Services ○

○

Public ■ Concessions ■ Amenities Private ■ Service Areas

Administration ●

Administrative Personnel & Facilities & Service Areas ○ Airport Management ○ Airport Operations ○ Maintenance Facilities ○ Airline Offices ○ Operation Areas

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Freight & Cargo Services â&#x2014;?

Air Freight Pickup & Delivery

Total Square Footage Using data on the monthly and annual passengers Tallahassee International Airport currently receives, the anticipated annual passengers for domestic flights for 2015 should be around 730,000 passengers. This is composed of 375,000 enplanements and 375,000 deplanements. The spaces are directly relative to the airportâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s annual passengers. According to the data on the amount of monthly and annual passengers, an average of 8.5% of annual passengers utilize the airport monthly. For the international facility, 15,000 enplanements and 15,000 deplanements are expected.

Terminal Design - Interior Spaces1 p12 Space

sqft / person

Total sqft

Access Interface Entryway / Foyer

8.5% of total

1,275

5% of total 6 p398 15.1 / person 1 p149

600

Terminal Processing & Security Ticketing and Check In Passenger Screening Terminal Services Concessions & Amenities Service Baggage Claim Inbound Baggage Handling Outbound Interline & Intraline Baggage Screening Administration Airport Admin. Airline Offices and Operation Areas

6% of total 6 p398 20% of total 6 p398

43,800 146,000

17.2 / person 1 p149

2% of total 6 p398

14,600

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International FacilitiesFederal Inspection Services

10.8 1 p149 5% of total 6 p398

36,500

Flight Interface Departure Lobby / Holdroom

10.8 1 p149

Exterior Spaces Exterior courtyard

Parking1 p13 Terminal Passenger Parking Remote Passenger Parking Valet Parking Employee Parking (FAA, airlines, tenants, staff) Rental Car Parking

Total Square Footage 55% of space is rentable 6 p396 Public space 45% space is not rentable 6 p396 Private Space, Service Space

Precedents Washington Dulles International Airport

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Denver International Airport

Challenges Identified ● ● ●

Determining building location in connection with taxiways and runway layout Determining which spaces can be utilized from the existing terminal and which spaces must be created for the international terminal The use of the topic genius loci calls for the airport to display characteristics of and define Tallahassee as it serves as a gateway to Tallahassee. This requires a deep exploration on what Tallahassee can be defined as.

Site Description & Location The site is located within Tallahassee International Airport. The site is primarily flat with little elevation. The city has allotted a space next to the existing terminal building to place the international terminal. The site has the existing regional terminal as well as parking, rental car services and the taxiways and runways for the regional airport. The taxiways and runways are being used for the international terminal as well. 2 <http://www.denverairporttransportation.com/images/dia.jpg> 103

The total airport contains 2700 acres of land. 1000 of these acres is available for commercial development.3 p3

Neighborhood & Larger Context The site has little context around it other than the existing regional terminal building and service buildings.

Existing Context

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Tallahassee-ism Making the terminal the more locally influenced in creating a sense of place throughout the terminal is part of a larger goal of creating a sense of place throughout the airport. This will be done by installing a sense of Tallahassee-ism throughout the terminal. It is very common, especially throughout Europe, for a city's airport transit station to define a sense of place of the city by defining what it means to be in that city. This effectively transforms the airport transportation station into a portal or gateway into that city, welcoming visitors and providing them with an introductory sense for the city. It is in a sense they welcome from that particular city. It ends up creating a sense of place and displaying the character of that particular city which cannot be found were experienced elsewhere. This creates the uniqueness of place. The sense of the place is inherently defined by its character. Some things that can define the character of place would include history, culture, people in the overall feel of a place. Tallahassee has a rural feel with a growing urban twist. Although Tallahassee is a college town that is beginning to become more urban as it continues to grow, it still has a communal and hospitable feel to it. It is commonplace for most businesses even to take a hospitable approach to their operation and methodology as a whole. For many businesses, and is even in their motto.

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The city's communal about their local football team, where the city gathers together to watch the Florida State Seminoles play as a whole. Students, alumni and residents alike will gather at others residences, at local bars and restaurants or tailgating events to support their team play. Tallahassee is also known for its nature and wildlife. Tallahassee museums located not too far from Tallahassee international Airport. Florida in general has done a great deal of protecting the wildlife and nature. Florida is known for their Florida panther, bobcats, black bears, oranges, magnolias, dogwoods, fish, deer, boar and several other species native to the area. Many residents hunt and fish within the local areas. Florida's oranges are nationally and globally known. Florida grows x amount of the nations oranges and produces x amount of the nations orange juice. The Apalachicola Bay is home to the oyster which supplies 90% of Florida's oysters and 10% of the nations oysters. It is also home to the largest stand of Tupelo trees in the world and houses the largest reptilian collection throughout North America The city of Tallahassee's recently put a focus on the treatment of storm water, reducing loose storm water from the city and at the same time protecting the city's wildlife and enhancing the experience of the city. Several parks and pedestrian friendly nature walks have been and are in the process of being placed. Cascades Park, the past sight of a polluted brownfield was brought back to life by the city. The site previously contained a coal burning power plant, a trash incinerator and a landfill. During construction several pounds of toxic agents were found on the ground which had to be removed and brought to a toxic handling facility. The park also had a lot of history in it. The parties to be the site of Florida State's original baseball field for the men's baseball team. Both the storm water and the connected features and trails for plan to lead to St. Mark's via the St. Mark's Trail. Tallahassee is the capital the state Florida were governmental decisions across the state are made. This home to the mayor, governor and several other political officials. Tallahassee was formed by the placement of a governing city exactly halfway between Pensacola and St. Augustine, to the 1st cities want Florida. The founder of the location of which the city is located knew where to place the city as soon as he saw the beautiful nature surrounding them. He was quoted saying "[insert quote from cascades Park here]". Tallahassee and the greater area are known for having a series of sinkholes which connect the states fresh Floridian aquifer, which aids in supplying some of the fresh water throughout the state and the nation. The intricate connections lead to the freshwater springs up call Springs. Prehistoric skeletons of mammoths have even been found in the underwater caves of the Springs. The original plan location for the capital building was on the side of a sinkhole, where the location had to be moved to where it is today. Tallahassee's many historical places throughout the city, including several residences of historic and influential individuals in Tallahassee's history. Other historic places include Mission San Luis, the Lake Jackson Mounds, the side of the battle of Bunker Hill, the old waterworks building, the old capital building, the George Firestone building, the site of the old city jail, the

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old Dave Maybury airfield, Florida State University, the old Florida women's college, the old historic Smoky Hollow neighborhood, and the Myers Park neighborhood. Tallahassee had a set of significant histories relating to World War II and the Civil War. Bunker Hill was the only fort east of the Mississippi River at the Union forces were unable to overtake. Tallahassee's Old Dave Mabry airfield was the training site for many young men entering the services to fight in World War II. It is used as an aviation training facility for those men during a short period of time. The location of this airfield is what is now the campus of Tallahassee Community College. Tallahassee was home to multiple tribes of Native Americans including the Seminoles of Muskegon. Many of the old Native American trails that exist have become paved and named after Native American tribes brother Native American influences. They have consequently been turned into the city's everyday streets on which residents and people travel on daily. Tallahassee, as well as Florida further in history was controlled by the Spanish, where Leon County was discovered by and named after Ponce de Leon, a Spanish explorer and conquistador who is in search of the Fountain of Youth. Florida is home to the Everglades, the largest air wildlife in the state covering several acres of land and is home to several species of wildlife including the Florida Panther, Florida Black Bear, alligators and a series of snakes, reptiles, plants and other wildlife. The Florida Everglades is known for its swampy and human inhabitable terrain. Florida is also known for its large tourism industry, special in central and southern Florida. Popular cities and tour spots include [list of some of these]. Florida is also known for its several beaches where it is claimed to have "a beach for everyone", fitting every style of each person. Tallahassee has a large art and music scene. [Talk about railroad art Park] The number of local businesses in town create and add to the sense of community and hospitality. There are several more local businesses in town compared to non-local businesses.

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