KRVIA UD (Urban Design) Sem 7 - Allahabad by K.R.V.I.A Urban Design 2021-2022

Urban Design Studio - Semester VII - June ‘21- Sept ’21

Table of Contents Chapter A - Introduction to the City and the Neighbourhood 1. Historic Evolution_page 6 1.1 Mughal Era 1.2 British Era 1.3 Historical Settlements along the Rivers 1.4 Timeline 2.Introduction to Civil Lines_page 16 2.1 Basic Introduction to the City and the Neighbourhood 2.2 Regional Setting 2.2.1 Location 2.2.2 Connnectivity 2.2.3 Topography and Climate 2.3 Demographic Study Chapter B - Why Civil Lines? 3. Civil lines as the beginning of ‘The Change’_page26 4. Institutions_page28 4.1 Educational and Administrative 4.2 Religious and Cultural 5. Existing Physical Analysis_page32 5.1 Built/Unbuilt Map 5.2 Land Use Map 5.3 Public Utilities 5.4 Healthcare 5.5 Open and Green Spaces 5.6 Road Network Study 6. The Economic and Finance center of the City_page44 6.1 Commercial Importance 6.1.1 Real Estate value 6.1.2 The Economic Hierarchy 6.2 Heritage and Tourism 6.3 Housing Typologies 6.4 Garden Club Members 6.5 Waste Management

7. The Change_page62 Chapter C - Role of Smart City Programs? 8. Smart City Changes in the Neighbourhood in terms of_page63 8.1 Waste Management 8.2 Sanitation - Public Toilet 8.3 Lighting 8.4 Roads 8.5 Traffic 8.6 Role of E-Services 8.7 Sewage 8.8 Inferences Chapter D - Micro Study via Swatches 9. Swatch Study_page70 9.1 Chandrashekhar Azad Swatch 9.2 All Saints Church 9.3 Railway 9.4 Traffic Park Chapter E - Concerns and Issues_ page74 Chapter F - Conclusion / Inferences of the Study_ page79 Chapter G - Way Forward, Strategic Propositions 10. Masterplan_ page80 10.1 Working Masterplan and propositions 10.2 Proposed Masterplan Chapter H - Sources and Credits 11.Credits_ page88 12.List of figures and sources_ page90

Part 1. Historic PartAA-Chapter Introduction to Evolution the City 1 Historic Evolution 1.1 Mugal Mughal 1.1 EraEra

The great Mughal Emperor Akbar founded the city in 1575 AD by the name of ILLAHABAS meaning “The City of Allah”. Acknowledging the immense navigational potential of its rivers and the entrepreneurial importance of the city as a centre for boatmaking, Akbar built a magnificent fort overlooking the quiet flowing Yamuna. In medieval India, the city enjoyed the honour of being the religio-cultural centre of the country. For a long time, it was the provincial capital of the Mughals. Later the Marathas captured it. On the south-western extreme of Allahabad lies Khusrobagh that antedates the fort and has three mausoleums including that of Jehangir’s first wife Shah Begum.

Image 1

Image 2

minaret

Image 4

Image 5

khushro’s tomb

darwaza Image 6

Image 3

20CENTURY

CITY BY THE NY (BEGINNING THE

E SEAT OF CEDED ES BEFORE THE GRA IN 1835.

1902: THE CITY BECAME THE CAPITAL OF UNITED PROVINCES TILL 1920.

1833: THE CITY BECAME THE SEAT OF CEDED AND CONQUERED PROVINCES BEFORE THE CAPITAL WAS SHIFTED TO AGRA IN 1835.

- CURZON BRIDGE WAS BUILT; IT LINKED THE CITY, THROUGH RAIL ROAD, TO THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF THE STATE.

1858: EARL CANNING, AT MINTO PARK, READ OUT THE DECLARATION OF QUEEN VICTORIA’S PROCLAMATION WHICH RESULTED IN THE COMPLETE TRANSFER OF CONTROL OVER INDIA FROM THE EAST INDIA COMPANY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF BRITAIN (BEGINNING THE BRITISH RULE).

Image 7

- EWING CHRISTIAN COLLEGE WAS ESTABLISHED.

1801: ANNEXATION OF THE CITY BY THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY (BEGINNING THE COMPANY RULE).

1910: Establishment of Minto Park

- THE CITY BECAME THE SEAT OF NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES.

21 CENTURY

- IT BECAME THE CAPITAL OF INDIA.

2004: NEW YAMUNA BRIDGE WAS COMPLETED.

1865 AUGUST 15: CONSTRUCTION OF THE OLD NAINI BRIDGE WAS COMPLETED.

2013 FEBRUARY 10: AN ESTIMATED 30 MILLION PEOPLE GATHERED IN THE CITY TO BATHE ON MAUNI AMAVASYA DURING KUMBH MELA.

- SECOND INCIDENT OF KUMBH MELA STAMPEDE OCCURRED

akbar fort

source- Reworked maps by the Allahabad team Source- Reworked maps by https://www.oldmapsonline.org

1.2 British Era 1.2 British Era

In 1868 AD, it became a seat of justice when the Allahabad High Court was established. British architect Sir William Emerson erected a majestic monument All Saint Cathedral in 1871 AD, thirty years before he designed the Victoria Memorial in Kolkata. To be set up in 1887 AD, Allahabad is the fourth oldest university. Allahabad has been rich in numerous Victorian and Georgian buildings made in synthesis with Indian architectural traditions. 1900 AD onwards, the Home Rule League became very active in Allahabad drawing into its fold some of the future leaders of modern India like Jawaharlal Nehru.

Image 8

The British History of the city began in the year 1801 AD when the Nawab of Oudh ceded it to the British throne. The British army used the fort for their military purposes. The town was the centre of the War of Independence (1857 AD) and later became the crucible of Indian Freedom Movement against the British. The East India Company officially handed over India to the British Government here at Minto Park in 1858 AD. After the first war of independence, the town was named Allahabad and was made the capital of the United Province of Agra and Oudh.

chowk church

Image 10

With the advent of Mahatma Gandhi, Anand Bhawan, the home of the Nehrus, became the epicentre for major political upheavals that were being planned in the country. The transformation of the freedom struggle into a mass movement in the 1920s made Allahabad a centre of political pilgrimage as well.

allahabad university

public library Image 11

Image 12

Ima

age 13

Image 9

mayo memorial

al saints cathedral Image 14

1.3 Historic Evolution 1.3 Historical Settlements along the Rivers

north eastern railway

kumbh/magh mela area

akbar fort

1583-1765 1765-1947 1947

Image 15

The following map shows the evolution of Allahabad over the different eras along the rivers. Mughal era 1583-1765 British era 1765-1947 Post Independence era 1947

shashtri bridge

akbar fort minto park

new naini bridge

old naini bridge

1.4 Timeline

612 ad: harsha’s offIcIal coronatIon and a relIgIous conference took Place In the cIty.

644 ad: the chInese

traveller xuanzang descrIbed a rItual organIzed by emPeror

Image 16

InhabIted by many hIndus who called It

'Prayag'

PIllars of ashoka was erected In Prayaga by ashoka the great for InscrIbIng hIs edIcts

643 BC

250 BC

450 BC thIs was a devotIon/

gautam buddh and In 319 b.c., chandraguPta maurya Penance ground for

shIladItya (IdentIfIed wIth

Image 17

harsha) at the confluence of

two rIvers, In the kIngdom of Po-lo-ye-kIa (IdentIfIed wIth

Prayaga)

7TH CENTURY

16TH CENTURY 1575-1583 ad: akbar, the mughal emPeror, renovated and reconstructed

came to carry on thIs

the damaged walls of

resPonsIbIlIty.

allahabad fort.

JehangIr buIlds mauso at khusro bagh for h dead son PrInce khus

maJor fall of the

mughal dynasty

1600-1700

1583 akbar, “cIty of

1602

1599-1604

renamed by

headquarters of the

maJo

named as

rebellIous PrInce salIm later known as JehangIr

mug

god” (allahabad)

Image 22

Image 19

Image 20

Image 21

thIs treaty taken Place InsIde the fort of

allahabad, changed the course

oleum

hIs

srao

hIstory for centurIes.

- marathas, Pathans, nawab of awadh kIngdoms

hIstorIc treaty between lord robert clIve and shah alam

1700-1800

1765

formatIon of cIvIl lInes

1839

THE REVOLT OF 1857

1736

or fall of the

ghal

Image 18

of IndIan ruled by varIous

dynasty

1834

1856

In 1736 marathas

allahabad hIgh court

raIl transPort

oPenly demanded thIs

establIshed

was Introduced

cIty from

mughals on

to the cIty; the

grounds of It beIng the most ImPortant PIlgrImage.

fIrst raIlway lIne

hIndu

between calcutta and allahabad was comPleted.

Image 25

Image 24

Image 23

1.4 Timeline 1858: earl cannIng, at mInto Park, read out the declaratIon of queen vIctorIa’s ProclamatIon whIch resulted In the comPlete transfer of control over IndIa from the east IndIa comPany to the government of brItaIn (begInnIng the brItIsh rule).

- the cIty became the

seat of north-western ProvInces.

alfred Park was constructed,

- It became the caPItal of IndIa.

chandrashekhar azad Park

now known as the

formatIon of cIvIl lInes

1858

Image 26

1870

Image 27

mayo hall

establIshment of mInto Park

was made

1872

1871

1902

1913

the cIty became the

clock tower

old naInI brIdge was

caPItal of unIted

was buIlt

comPleted

ProvInces tIll

costructIon of the

all saInts church

1920. - curzon brIdge was buIlt; It lInked the cIty, through raIl road, to the

Image 33

northern regIons of the state.

Image 34

Image 35

- ewIng chrIstIan

collage was establIshed.

swara

193

1910

THE REVOLT OF 1857

1865

Image 28

Image 36

Image 30 PublIc toIlets

Image 32

solId waste

communIty

management

toIlets

new buIldIng of allahabad raIlway statIon was set uP

bhavan

Prayag sangeet samItI was set uP

Image 29

constructIon of multIstorey buIldIngs startscommercIal

1955

1942 allahabad kumbh mela banned by the brItIsh government due to fears of JaPanese bombIng the nearby sItuated akbar fort

swachh bharat mIssIon

both resIdentIal and

2005

2014

2004 also known as the naInI brIdge, the yamuna brIdge Is among IndIa’s longest cable-stayed brIdges.

2013

2016

road wIdenIng, PaIntIng

2018

2020

2019 1.broadenIng of roads 2.removal of

of walls

“PaInt my cIty camPaIgn” footPaths

Image 31

Government hospital doover capacity 4x

encroachments

Image 39

3.mythologIcal PaIntIngs on buIldIngs

4. cIvIl lInes red and

durIng the world war II

black theme

5. underground wIrIng 6. cIvIl lInes - total led

1954: fIrst IncIdent of kumbh mela stamPede occured.

lIghtIng

Image 38 Image 37

7. addItIon of more +

traffIc sIgnals effectIve

8. develoPment of - 4 tImes

raIlway statIon the orIgInal

9. now, sewage treated before beIng dIscharged In rIver

2.1 Basic Introduction to the City and The Neighbourhood

The city of Allahabad was founded by the Mughal emperor Akbar in the year 1575 AD, and was called Illahabas. Today, Allahabad is one of the major cities of Uttar Pradesh, significant because of its religious importance. The presence of the holy Triveni Sangam, which is the confluence of the rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati, further strengthens the strategic influence that Allahabad has in the state and the region. The Magh Mela is an annual event and the Kumbh Mela is celebrated every twelve years and Ardh (half) Kumbh Mela is celebrated every six years. Allahabad was known as Prayag once and now as Prayagraj (since 2018). Allahabad is also known as the “city of Prime Ministers” because post-Independence seven out of 13 prime ministers of India have belonged to Allahabad (Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Gulzarilal Nanda, Vishwanath Pratap Singh and Chandra Shekhar). All these leaders were either born in Allahabad, or were

the alumni of Allahabad University, or were elected from a constituency in Allahabad. This city was the heart of the Indian Freedom Movement against the British rule with Anand Bhawan being the epicentre. From the early days of civilization, Allahabad has been the seat of learning, wisdom and writing. Allahabad is basically an administrative, educational and a cultural city. The High Court of Uttar Pradesh, Auditor General of Uttar Pradesh, Principal Controller of Defense Accounts (Pension) (PCDA), Uttar Pradesh Madhymik Shiksha Prishad (UP Board) office, Police Headquarters, Allahabad University, Moti Lal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Medical and Agriculture College, Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), ITI Naini and IIFCO Phulpur are situated in the city. The imprints of British and Mughals can be seen in buildings, gardens and various places in Allahabad. The architectural styles reflect a good mix of western gothic and Mughal influences. Allahabad is also one of the greenest cities of the state.

Image 40

Image 43

Image 41

Image 44

Image 42

Image 45

2.2 Regional Setting 2.2.1 Location The city of Prayagraj / Allahabad is located in the south eastern region of the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is developed at the confluence of three rivers, namely, Ganga, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati and is the 7th most populous city in the state and 13th in India. The region where the rivers meet is known as Sangam. The three regions so formed at the banks of these rivers are Old Allahabad in the North-Western Edge, Jhunsi in the Eastern edge and Naini in the Southern Edge. These areas started developing in the Mughal Era as people started to settle down along the river edge.

Uttar Pradesh Image 46

To the north of the Railway Line, Lies the region of Civil Lines. It was developed in the year 1858 by the British.

Allahabad

Image 47

R A I L WA Y

OLD ALLAHABAD

GANGA

CIVIL LINES

LINE

YA M U N A

JHUNSI

NAINI Image 48

2.2 Regional Setting 2.2.2 Connectivity Allahabad Junction is one of the main railway junctions of northern India. It is the headquarters of the North Central Railway Zone. The four prominent railway stations of Allahabad are Prayag Station, City Station at Rambagh, Daraganj Station and the main station is Allahabad Junction.

Allahabad is the starting point of National Waterway No. 1 (NW1), which was declared in 1986. NW-1 is a 1,620 km-long waterway between Allahabad and Haldia. Fertilizer and cement are two types of cargos which could be transported from Phulpur, Rewa, Satna and Sidhi to the Allahabad terminal.

CANTON

MENT CIVIL LIN

Allahaba

d Jn

Railway Junctions Cantonment Highway PWD Roads Railway Line Airport

Image 50

Two Wheelers - 80.78% Four Wheelers - 11.2 % Auto Rickshaw - 1.08 % Bus - 0.2 % Trucks - 2.46 % Tractors - 3.88 % Others - 0.33 %

Mode of Transportation in the city of Allahabad

Image 49

Prayag Jn

GANG

Dar

aga

Rambagh

nj J

Jn.

2.2 Regional Setting 2.2.3 Topography Allahabad is located at 25.45°N 81.84°E in the southern part of Uttar Pradesh at an elevation of 95 meters (311 ft).

A N G G A A N G G A

B’

N A M U Y A

A’

Image 51

130m 110m 90m 80m 70m

G A N G A

CIVIL

LINES

Climate

The climate of Allahabad is characterized by a long and hot summer, a fairly pleasant monsoon and winters. The winter season usually extends from midNovember to February and is followed by summer which continues till about the middle of June. The southwest monsoon then ushers in the rainy season which lasts till the end of September. October and the first half of November constitute the post-monsoon season.

R A M B A G H The winters are pleasant during the daytime and that is when the Melas are held. Usually the Sangam Nagri is assembled post monsoon - i.e. in the month of September, October and November as the Mela season starts in December and continues till February. Post Winters i.e., in the months of February and March the mela is dismantled. The onset of winters also invites migratory Siberian birds every year. Due to the rise in global warming and other climatic changes, their migratory patterms get disturbed.

R N A G A S H I V BU X I K H U RD

Image 52

Section BB’

F O R T

Y A M U N A

Image 53

Section AA’

2.2.3 Topography The stretch of this map aims to highlight the floodprone areas near the rivers.

River Course in Winters

Y A M U N A

Danger Level 84.74 Mean Sea Level

High Flood Level (1975) 87.99 Mean Sea Level

Image 54

Ganga

2.3 Demographic Study Cantonm

ent Civil Lines

Allahabad

Population

Image 56

Image 57

Railway Sta

tion

Gang a

Yamuna Image 55

Image 58

25Year

Part B- Why Civil Lines? 3. Civil Lines as the beginning of ‘The Change’ Reason 1 - Civil Lines has the potential to initiate ‘The Change’.

Reason 2 - The Intent of the Studio

Civil Lines is seen as the colonial centre of the city established in 1878 by the government. All the important institutions, whether administrative, religious or academic, are embedded within the swatches formed by the grid pattern of roads. Only second to the Civil Lins in Delhi, this area is considered one of the most successful strategy of town- planning done by the British.

The urban design studio of Semester VII is conducted through an online medium in the year 2021. Since March 2020, the entire world has been locked down in their houses due to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. Since Civil Lines is home to one of the members belonging to the team compiling this report, it was chosen as our area for study inorder to get maximum information from ground from atleast one person in every group of five.

The area contains many important structures of value such as The High Court, The Allahabad University, Anand Bhawan Museum, Mayo Hall, etc. Through our further study, we will be throwing light upon many such factors ranging from commercial, economic, financial and real estate value to housing typologies and other physical aspects of this neighbourhood which give Civil Lines a strong base and makes it a kind of place which other neighbourhoods are dependant on, on a day-to-day basis. What do we mean by ‘The Change’? Even though the neighbourhood is maintained and developing in terms of its physical aspect, there are many other factors which need the attention of the developing parties and the people residing in this region. Change in social and economic infrastructure and safety are few of our concerns in the neighbourhood. After studying the factors which highlight the importance and capabilities of this neighbourhood, we will be further throwing light upon what exaclty do we mean by the change.

Due to the lockdown, travelling to other cities for study is prohibited in some cases or at the very least unsafe. Therefore, our research and study lies in this region, helping us understand our home better.

4 Institutions 4.1 Educational and Administrative Civil Lines is home to the prime Educational and Administrative Institutions of the city. The High court is one of the most prominent and important administrative landmarks in the area. Others being the Acountant General Office, Police Headquarters (mukhyalay), Nagar nigam Office, Board of Revenue, the Head Post Office, Railway Offices, Banks and the Allahabad Cantonment Board in its vicinity. As far as Educational Institutes are concerned, the area houses the popular Allahabad University which was once one of the leading universities in the country. Other schools present here are St. Mary’s Convent, St. Joseph Convent, Bishop Johnson, Holy Trinity School, Boys’ High School, Girls’ High School, etc.

Bishop

Accountant General Office Holy Trinity School

Holy Trinity School

Image 60

High Court

Accountant General Office Image 61

High Court Image 62

Image 59

p Johnson Girls’ High School

Jwala Devi Saraswati Vidya Mandir Inter College

St Joseph Convent

Anglo Bengali Inter College

St. Mary’s Convent

Allahabad University

St. Mary’s Convent

Allahabad University

Image 63

Image 64

4 Institutions 4.2 Religious and Cultural The city has been a home to many poets, writers and musicians mastering the art of ‘gayan’, ‘vadan’ and ‘nritya’, i.e, vocal, instrumental and classical dance. Prayag Sangit Samiti is the one of the two main music schools in the entire country famous for carrying the legacy of Hindustani Classical music. ( The other one being the Bhatkhande Institution famous for Carnatic Music). Apart from the Samiti, there has always been a culture of learning any form of music in the city as children. There are a lot of musicians (whether affiliated or not with the Samiti) go from house to house teaching music, while preparing their own for various performances during the melas. The city is also home to many famous writers such as Harivanshrai Bachhan, Raghupati Sahai Firaq, Sumitranandan Pant, Mahadevi Verma, etc., (all students of the University). As far as religious institutions are concerned, the most prominent one is the All Saints Cathedral. There are many other churches such as the Union Church, St.Joseph Church etc. in the area. There is an equal mix of temples and mosques as well.

Red Church

Image 66

Image 67

Image 65

All Saints Cathedral

St. Joseph Cathedral

Image 68

Prayag Sangit Samiti

Image 69

6. Existing Physical Analysis 5. ExistingPhysical Physical Analysis 6. Existing Analysis 6.1Built and Unbuilt 5.1 Built/ Unbuilt map 6.1Built and Unbuilt The particular area showing in the base plan constitutes primarily of the Civil Lines area where the core lies in The particular area showing in the base plan constitutes the central area with the major administrative fabric. primarily of the Civil Lines area where the core lies in the central area with the major administrative fabric.

The Railway zone on the South consists of the Prayagraj Railway Junction - one of Allahabad’s most The Railway zone on the South consists of the important stations. Prayagraj Railway Junction - one of Allahabad’s most important stations.

Cantonm

ent

All Saint’s

Allahabad

Image 70

3226

Railway Sta

tion

On the east is the Chandrash previously known as The Alfred P Allahabad University Campus.

On the east is the Chandrashekhar Azad Park previously known as The Alfred Park, along with the Allahabad University Campus.

On the east is the Chandrashekhar Azad Park 42%knownBuilt previously as The Park, along ase plan constitutes The Alfred Railway zone on with the the South consists of the 58% Unbuilt Allahabad University Campus. here the core lies in Prayagraj Railway Junction - one of Allahabad’s most

ministrative fabric. 42% 58%

42% 58%

Built Unbuilt

important stations. Built Unbuilt

CSA P

ark

LAND USE -A

5.2 LandUse UseMap Map 6.2 Land 6.2 Land Use Map It is observed that 60% of the land area in Civil Lines is predominently residential. The major commercial It is observed that 60% of the land area in Civil Lines centre in the core arises from the Prayagraj Junction is predominently residential. The major commercial Station on the South. The commercial zone has centre in the core arises from the Prayagraj Junction pockets of housing in between. Station on the South. The commercial zone has pockets of housing in between.

Cantonment area lies on the West of Civil Lines with Cant residences scattered around the entire stretch. Cantonment area lies on the West of Civil Lines with The Government Offices and institutions are scattered Cant residences scattered around the entire stretch. all around the neighbourhood. The Government Offices and institutions are scattered all around the neighbourhood.

Cantonm

ent

All Saint’s

Allahabad

34 28

Image 73

Railway Sta

tion

LAND USE -ALLAHABAD

LAND USE -CIVIL LINES

Image 71

Image 72

CSA P

ark

35 29

6.3Public PublicUtilities Utilities 5.3 Physical Analysis 6.3 Allthe themajor majorPublic PublicFacilities Facilitiesand andUtilities Utilitiesare arelocated located All theheart heartofofthe theCivil CivilLines LinesArea. Area.The TheEducational Educational ininthe Fabric isisrelatively relativelydense dense in inCivil CivilLines Linesthan thanmost mostother other Fabric areas. areas.

Religious institutions institutions are are scattered scattered throughout throughout with with Religious no particular particular religious religious settlements In a sense, no settlements.asInsuch. a sense, Civil Civil can Lines can be considered heterogeneous Lines be considered heterogeneous in nature. in nature.

Cantonm

ent

All Saint’s

Allahabad

6 36 30

Image 74

Railway Sta

tion

CSA P

ark

7 37 31

6.4 HealthCare 5.4 Healthcare 6.4 HealthCare Most Healthcare Services

are clustered towards the East of the diagonal Highway. Healthcare service and facilities are found inadequate in Civil Lines and in the A large portion of Healthcare Services are clustered entire city. Various complaints regarding healthcare towards the East of the diagonal Highway which have been registered in the past. forms the core area of Civil Lines.

Most patients in grave health conditions flee to Lucknow or Delhi due to lack of specialized hospitals in Allahabad. Hence while the quantity of helthcare Healthcare facilities are found inadequate in Civil Lines institutions remains sufficiant, the quality has been and in the entire city. .Various complaints regarding insufficiant. healthcare have been registered in the past. 1235 Private Hospitals (Allahabad) 129 Government Hospitals ( Allahabad)

Cantonm

ent

All Saint’s

Allahabad

8 38

Image 75

Railway Sta

tion

Most patients in grave health conditions flee to Lucknow or Delhi due to lack of specialized hospitals in Allahabad. Hence while the quantity of healthcare institutions remains sufficiant, the quality has been insufficiant. 1235 Private Hospitals (Allahabad) 129 Government Hospitals ( Allahabad)

The amount of clinics, medical facilities lie in great numbers specifically in Civil lines. However, various News articles and reports suggest that measures need to be taken with respect to healthcare in the city . The Co-Vid 19 outbreak has put a greater pressure on the city for healthcare development and immediate actions need to be taken for the same.

CSA P

ark

Reference Links for Healthcare Issues: https://hhbc.in/a-comprehensive-market-report-on-allahabads-healthcare/ https://fxbkumbh.wordpress.com/tag/kumbh-mela/ 39

5.5 Open and andPrivate Green open-green Spaces 6.5 Public spaces: It is observed that 58% of the land falls under Open and Green fabric. They can be further classifies as thatand are directly to the Public and 6.5those Public Privateaccesible open-green spaces: those that are private in nature. It is observed that 58% of the land falls under Open and Green fabric. They can be further classifies as those that are directly accesible to the Public and those that are private in nature.

Out of the 58%, 64% is Open, Green and Private and 36% is Public in Nature. Most of the cantonment area lies in the Open Green Fabric.

Cantonm

ent

All Saint’s

Allahabad

40 34

Image 76

Railway Sta

tion

Majority of the accesible greens are located in the CSA Park and Allahabad University. These are also tourist attractions due to which these are accessed and utilised throughout the year. Majority of the accesible greens are located in the CSA Park and Allahabad University. These are also tourist attractions due to which these are accessed and utilised throughout the year.

CSA P

ark

41 35

5.6 Road Network Nodes (crossroads) and Connectivity in the fabric of Civil Lines In the Civil Lines region, becuase of the grid layout, the vehicular connectivity is well-maintained and looped. The blue dots represent the nodes which are linked to other nodes and become access points. the link to node ratio for the vehicular roads can almost considered to be 1, making the areas well connected. However, for inner roads, i.e., inside the swatches, the connectivity is limited and divided. The inner roads are not connected in a loop and tend to lead to a dead end.

A Vehicular Crossroad Image 77

Cantonm

ent

All Saint’s

Image 79

Vehicular Crossroads Vehicular Crossroads - Activated Zones (Markets, eateries ,etc.) Cul-de-sac Image 78

Pedestrian Pathway End, leading to softscape Pedestrian Cul-de-sac

CSA P

ark

Source - Based on information provided by Niharika Gupta’s Study on issuu 43

6. The Economic and The Financial Centre of the City 6.1 Commercial Importance 5 The Economic and The Finance Centre of the City 5.1 Commercial 6.1.1 Real Estate Importance Value 5.1.1 Real Estate Value The Civil Lines region of Allahabad city holds a key importance in terms of the Economic Growth of the city and the state of U.P as well. Civil lines is also called as the FInancial Centre of the City due to agglomeration of shops, service centres, malls, educational institutes, and Government Offices. The effect of presence of such big institutes in Civil lines results in many people getting attracted towards civil lines in search of job opportunities, better living conditions,etc. Civil lines, hence justifies the name of being the Economic and the Financial Centre of the city of Allahabad. As a result of number of people migrating to Civil lines and accumulation of such institutions, it is observed that the Property Rates and Land Rates in Civil lines is much higher than other regions of Allahabad namely, Naini and Ashok Nagar.

44 2

Cantonm

ent

5.1 Commercial Importance 5.1.2 Working Backgrounds and Job Profiles

CSA P

ark

Allahabad

Railway Sta

tion

Image 80

Image 81

45 3

6.1.2 The Economic Hierarchy

5.3 The Economical Hierarchies Following are interviews from people working at different economical hierarchies of the society, ranging from Shop & Hotel owners, to Paan shop owners, autorickshaw drivers.

Roy’s family has been here for generations, and his home and businesses have all been based in civil lines, and his memory of Kumbh goes back to his childhood. Initially, Roy didnt see the purpose behind changing the name to Prayagraj but now he is glad that it has happened. “Prayag is a confluence of of rivers and a Kumbh can only happen in Prayag. “ Image 82

NARESH ROY, OWNER OF EL CHICO RESTAURANT

“My father took his mother for Kalpavas in 1989 which was when i was initiated into visiting the Kumbhand the Dip. This year my sons and my daughter also followed the same ritual as I had. We had passed onwhat we have inherited from the past 11 generations to them, so to see them take the baton from us is assuring. The conduct of a festival of this this scale means a lot for Dharma. Image 83

ALANKAR TANDON, DIRECTOR OF PAPER MILLS

“My shop was demolished but I am not worried as I have been given a better place to live and set shop. And letting go of this shop was so that my city becomes a smart city, hence I have no qualms.In the process of transforming Allahabad to Prayagraj, we got roads, drinking water, electricity and street lights. Image 84

SATISH SAHU, RICKSHAW DRIVER

These machines that were functioning through the day during the Mela. Now only run once or twice a day. Had we been made a part of this effort would it not have been better as every boatmanwould have ensured no garbage gets into the river in the first place. Image 85

PRADEEP CHAUHAN, FERRY OWNER

Runs a small shop on Triveni Road, complains that the state government works only for the Rich. “They remove the encroachment done by the poor people only. My shop has been closed down but look at this Akhada which has not been removed. All Jhuggiwalas are in distress.” Image 86

ASHOK KUMAR, OWNER OF SMALL SHOP

5 The Economic and The Finance Centre of the City 6.2 Heritage and Tourism 5.2 Heritage and Tourism Civil Lines has been home to various sites of heritage value. Some of them merely act as landmarks while some form the nucleus of urban development around them. All these structures in Civil Lines are from the British Era.

Cantonm

ent

1. Red Church 2. High Court 3. Bishop Johnson School 4. All Saint’s Church 5. Girl’s High School and College 6. Indian Coffee House 7. El Chico Restaurant 8. Raj Karan Palace 9. Allahabad Railway Junction 10. Anglo Bengali Inter College 11. Motilal Nehru Medical College 12. Prayag Sangeet Samiti 13. St. Josephs College 14. Allahabad Public Library 15. Allahabad Museum 16. Hathi Park 17. St. Mary’s Convent Inter College 18. St. Jospehs Cathedral 19. Mayo Memorial Hall

Image 89

Image 88

Red Church

The area around the church is quieter place as it lies in the cant area. Lot of people come here for a jog or for evening walks.

48 4

High Court

It is observed that the adjacent streets of the high court are extremely busy and there are a few hawkers and food vendors as well along the streets.

CSA P

ark

Allahabad

Railway Sta

tion

Image 87

Image 91

Image 90

All Saint’s Church & Bishop Johnson School

This place is very active during the christmas times. At these times, there are few recreational activities as well for the kids and food vendors.

El Chico & Raj Karan Palace

El Chico is one of the oldest cafes and acts as of the famous landmarks of Allahabad. Raj Karan Palace is one of the oldest cinemas in Allahabad.

495

Cantonm

ent

Image 93

St. Mary’s & St. Joseph’s School

These two schools are one of the oldest schools of Allahabad.

50 6

CSA P

ark

Allahabad

Railway Sta

tion Image 92

Image 94

Prayag Sangeet Samiti

It is because of this musical institute that music was introduced as a subject into the academic curriculum of Uttar Pradesh.

Image 95

Allahabad Museum & Public Library

Allahabad Museum is known for its rich collection and unique objects of art. The Public Library has served as the house of legislative assembly in British era.

517

6.3 Housing Typology - Colonial Residential

Shed/ Storage

Servant’s Quarters

Cow Shed

Mangalore tiles

Exposed Brick

Front Lawn

Image 96

Backyard/ Kitchen Garden

Driveway

Entry Gate

Key plan

Image 97

85m

Flower Beds

The colonial housing typology is a typical kind of housing seen in this neighbourhood, however a handful of them have been replaced by multi-storey residential buildings. The mangalore tiles too are slowly being replaced by corrugated sheets due to penetration of water during rainy season caused by wear and tear of tiles. As observed in some buildings in the neighbourhood, this kind of a two- storey housing usually houses a joint family of about 8-10 members.

The idea of maintaining a front lawn is particularly colonial in nature with a green screen in the frontyard. Some of these housing typologies date back to 1875 while some are relatively newer being built even 30-40 years ago. The present day bungalows being constructed, however have replaced the mangalore tiling with flat terraces but the basic layout of the plan remains the same.

CIVIL LINES

R A I L WA Y

LINE

OLD ALLAHABAD NAINI Image 98

6.3 Housing Typology - Row Housing Sloping Sheds

Open Terrace

Cantilevered Window

Image 99

Cantilevered Balcony

Image 100

Arches as Facade

Image 101

Image 102

Gyan Sagar house popularly know as the house of Shiva, has a big statue of Shiva that enhances the facade of the building. The building was constructed in 1935 and is oldest house in the area of zero road. However, the house has been partly renovated while the other parts remain as it is. Most of the ornamentation of the columns has also worn out but it’s still one of the most beautiful houses in the area.

Image 103

CIVIL LINES

R A I L WA Y

LINE

OLD ALLAHABAD NAINI Image 104

6.3 Housing Typology - Kothi

Exposed Brick

Central Courtyard

Image 105

Image 106

Image 107

Source- Archiving Allahabad

The Kothi housing typology is usually found in the region near Sangam Area. These houses are built in brick and the floors are supported by I and T sections. the whole Kothi is well- ventilated with the help of a central courtyard. This house is two-storeyed and the upper part is fully residential while the lower floor is also occupied for holding classes for children.

CIVIL LINES

R A I L WA Y

LINE

OLD ALLAHABAD NAINI Image 108

Source- Based on a house documented by team Archiving Allahabad

6.4 Gargen Club Garden House Members 6.66.6 Garden House Members Garden Community a unique culture particularly TheThe Garden Community is aisunique culture particularly found in Civil Lines. a club of close to women 70 women found in Civil Lines. It isItaisclub of close to 70 primarily residing Lines primarily residing in in thethe CivilCivil Lines areaarea andand it’s it’s proximity. proximity.

activity involves maintaining kitchen gardens, TheThe activity involves maintaining kitchen gardens, andand producing home grown fruits vegetables which producing home grown fruits andand vegetables which is is actively carried club. highlights actively carried outout by by thethe club. TheThe mapmap highlights a a few houses of the members of the Garden Community. few houses of the members of the Garden Community.

Cantonm

ent

All Saint’s

Allahabad

Railway Sta

tion

Image 109

Image 110

Image 111

CSA P

ark

Image 112

6.5 Waste Management

Image 113

Image 114

Image 115

Image 116

Image 117

Image 118

7. The Change

Towards a Safer City

Social Hierarchy

Economic Infratructure

Even though the neighbourhood is considered to be the most developed and urbanised in the city, a sense of safety is still missing from the streetscape.

Even though the neighbourhood is considered to be the most developed and urbanised in the city, the social heirarchy is still very prevelant. There is a visible difference present between the served and the servers, the employers and the employees, etc.

The Region is definitely the Economic hub of the city and has managed to create an identity and a sense of reliability when it comes to monetary dependancy.

Therfore, we would like to explore the idea of a change in terms of urban settlements and strategies which help to instill a sense of safety in the minds of the residents here.

How can architecture play a role in breaking this ageold chain of hierarchy and instill in the people a sense of self-importance and identity.

Allahabad is a developing city and its own identity and culture somehow seems to be gettin lost in the whole race of development and metropolitism. the pressure of being called an urbanized city is definitely felt in the city and more so in the Civil Lines region. Therfore one of the concerns of the city became to maintain the clean and green facade and concentrate on the beautification aspect of it. But how does a clean and green space guarantee safety and helps to break social taboos?

However, does it have the potential to upgrade the economic backgrounds of other neighbourhoods as well?

Part C- Role of Smart City Programs? 8. Changes in the Neighbourhood because of the Smart City Initiative 8.1 Waste Management The swatchh bharat drive was indeed very impactful in the civil lines area, making the neighbourhood much cleaner as compared to what it was just a couple of years ago. Due to the Kumbh held in 2019, a lot of changes were made in the city and making it cleaner and greener was one majot change. People were encouraged to not litter around and use the newly installed dustbins present at regular intervals. There are also door-to-door services during the pandemic ensuring that the waste does not collect and gather around in households.

Image 119

Image 120

Image 121

Image 122

8.2 Sanitation - Public Toilets Searching ‘swachh’ on the google maps, helps people locate all the public toilets near them.

Allahabad

Railway Sta

tion

Image 123

Image 124

Image 125

Image 126

Image 127

8.3 Lighting Installlation of Street lights on the road edges.

Governmental Proposal

Image 128

Image 129

Image 130

8.4 Roads Broadening of roads occupying the setbacks (represented in yellow), before the 2019 Kumbh.

2010

2018 Vehicular Roads Setbacks

Image 131

Schematic section of a road in Civil lines

Image 132

Image 133

8.5 Traffic During the course of the changes in the city, one other significant change was in the installation og a lot of traffic signals at most chaurahas, and polica being active in terms of controlling the traffic by being present in the cabins in the middle of the Chauraha.

Image 134

8.6 E-Services

Image 135

Image 136

Image 137

Image 138

Image 142

Image 139

Image 140

Image 141

8.7 Sewage The Sewage system of the neighbourood is still efficient compared to the other ones but faces issues during the monsoon months. Due the presence of large setbacks on roads, the road edges tend to get muddy and water-logged. The storm water flows with the sewage through sewerage network and is pumped to rivers Ganga and Yamuna. This causes extra burden over the sewage pumps during rains and extra expenses due to consumption of electricity. The system is very old and dilapidated, and 57 nallas/ drains carrying significant amount of wastewater. Out of the 57 nallas, 44 discharge into Ganga while 13 discharge into Yamuna. The other major drainage channels are discharge into either of the two rivers. The existing drainage system covers only 40% of Allahabad city. In monsoons the sewerage system also acts as storm water drainage, thus substantial quantity of silt and debris is drained into the sewer system, which is detrimental to its life and efficiency.

Image 143

Image 144

8.8 Inferences If we focus particularly on our area of study, i.e., civil lines, then there surely has been a visible change when it comes to cleanliness and greenery. However, the surrounding neighbourhoods of the city are still in the process of achieving this.

The constant pressure and need of beautification is very prevelant in this neighbourhood without any consideration or sensitivity to its own culture and features which make the city unique.

While the the concept of a smart city focuses on physical changes in terms of streetscape, there are other aspects which still need to be catered to in order to make the city smart. There is no consideration of context as such and everything is universal and globalized. Nothing which caters to the safety of women.

Part - Micro Study through Swatches PartDDMicro Study via Swatches 9.9.Swatch Study Swatch Study 9.1 Chandrashekhar 9.1 Chandrashekhar Azad Azad Park Park

Image 145

St. Joseph’s College St. Josephs school and college established in 1884. (Anglo Indian Schools)

Azad Park Lake Prayag Sangit Samiti

Congested civil lines vs free flowing openness

Chandrashekhar Azad Park

Lake in Chandrashekhar Azad Park

Azad Park has a few cultivation lands or empty Observationslands with few trees. there is an Open Air -The roads are in a grid format on the left side of the Auditorium besides the Prayag Sangit Samiti used highway. The highway forms the division between the for musical competitions, etc. There are these settlements and chandrashekhar azad park. grids of roads between which are the chunks of -Maximum settlements are aligned along the roads buildings within wich are the small pockets of trees. forming a similar pattern. The Highway forms the division between -The huge chunk of settlements in the middle have only the Chandrashekhar Azad Park and the two open school grounds. settlements. The huge chunks of the -The shops and restaurants are in a scattered format. settlements have only two open school grounds. -As this part is in civil lines area, there are a lot of clinAs this part is in Civil Lines, there are ics, hospitals and medicals compared to the rest of the a lot of clinics, hospitals, and medicals civil lines area. compared to the rest of the Allahabad. Azad Park has few cultivation lands or empty lands with few trees. There is and open air auditorium besides the prayag sangeet samiti used for musical competitions, etc.There are these grids of roads between which are the chunks of buildings within which are the small pockets Image 146 of trees.

Image 147

Saint Josephs School & College

Image 148

9.2 AllSaints Saints Cathedral 9.2 All Church

Image 149

All Saints Cathedral

150 All Saints Cathedral forms one of Image the most All Saints Cathedral forms one of the most important important landmarks, binding the entire region landmarks binding the entire region of Civil Lines. It of Civil Lines. It was completed in the year 1891. was completed in the year 1891. The street encircling the church is a hotspot for The street encircling the church is a hotspot for Christmas Mela every year, attracting hawkers Christmas mela every year attracting hawkers of the of the entire neighbourhood to move to this entire neighbourhood to move to this space and claim space and claim a temporary spot for 10 days. a temporary spot for 10 days.

East Elevation

Image 151

Image 152

FLoor Plan

North Elevation

Image 153

Source-Line Drawing by team Archiving Allahabad

9.3 Railway

Prayagraj Junction is one of the most important Railway Stations in Allahabad City which falls on the South of Civil Lines. There are various access roads that lead to the core Civil Lines area. There are spaces for railway housing -NCR dedicated to officers, TTs, Hospital Staff, etc. There is also an NCR (National Central Railway) hospital present in this region.

Railway Housing

Image 154

Image 155

Earlier Junction known is asone theof the most important Prayagraj Allahabad Junction, this is Railway Stations in Allahabad City which falls the oldest railway onone theofSouth of Civil Lines. There are various access roads thatwhere lead the to the core Civil Lines stations of India, area. as This The Allahabad Junction, first Earlier, train ranknown in 1859. this is onemakes of thespecial oldest railway stations junction ofarrangements India, where first train ran in 1859. for the the huge This special arrangements influxjunction of peoplemakes during the forKumbh the huge Mela. influx during the Kumbh Mela. There are engineering workshops of the Indian Railways at Allahabad. There are spaces for railways housing - dedicated to officers, TTs, staff, etc. There also is an NCR (National Central Railway) Hospital present in this region.

Prayagraj Junction Railway Station Image 156

Staff Quarters & Railway Housing Scheme

National Central Railway Hospital

Image 157

9.4 Traffic Park

Traffic park

Traffic Park

Swami Vivekanand Chauraha

This is where the diagonal merges with the grid forming a public park at the junction.

Informal Settlements

Image 158

The Traffic Park swatch is an important location in the Civil Lines area as it situated at the junction traffic park is an important landmark in Civil the Lines Main as it forms a junctionwhich betweenruns diagonally through Civil Lines. ofThe Swami Vivekanand Chauraha and Highway the grid and the diagonal highway. The Swami Vivekanand Chauraha is one of the most This is a significant swatch such that the division of built form is planned in a way that the west prominent ones in the whole region. There are various electronic gadget repaiting, bike repairing, bike servicing, jewellery side of the swatch is heavily loaded with Services like mobile services, jewellery and other the chauraha. makers, etc and the suck eastmarkets side around is flooded with residential buildings, appartments and bunglows. This is where the diagonal merges with the grid forming a park. Image 159

Swami Vivekanand Chauraha

Image 160

Traffic Park

5 The EEconomic and The Finance Centre of the City Part Concerns and Issues 5.2 Heritage and Tourism

No provision of sanitation in the slums

Image 161

Too many motorized vehicles on the streets, more than what a family requires

Image 162

Waterlogging at roads and muddy setback areas

Safety on Streets

Image 163

Medical infra in Uttar Pradesh is at God’s mercy:

Upon persual of the report submitted by district magistrates of five districts, the court said,“We have no hesitation in observing that health infrastructure is absolutely insufficient in city areas to meet the requirement of city population and in the rural areas the community health centres are virtually lacking in respect of life-saving gadgets.” The court directed the state government to provide sufficient health care infrastructure in compliance of its direction issued earlier. Image 164

Inadequate healthcare

The old/core city is over crowded, resulting in high pressure on existing infrastructure and facilities. In addition, this area has high commerical activities and acts as central business district of the city. Thus, it can be considered as high traffic attracting zone which further increases pressure on facilities. Image 165

8 74

Air pollution continuously increasing and no monitoring of the various pollution levels in the city

Image 166

Underuse of setback areas

Image 167

Quality of education is degrading. The famous Allahabad University as well, is not considered as efficient as it used to be and people are dependent on private schools for quality-education Image 168

Allahabad losing 62cm of groundwater every year With the depleting level of groundwater in localitites like Civil Lines, Sadar, Beli, Peepalgaon, Bamrauli, Prayag Naini and Nayapurwa setting the alarm bells ringing in administrative circles, officials of the groundwater department have taken up an extensive exercise to create awareness on saving water among denizens. Image 169

Constantly depleting groundwater

Instead of focusing on the real safety, sanitation and social issues, the focus is only given on the beautification, facade and looks of it.

Image 170

9 75

The map aims to highlight where some of the above mentioned concerns are hightened in the area.

Slums Dry Leaf Burning (garden club houses ) Setback Areas

Cantonm

ent

All Saint’s

Allahabad

Railway Sta

tion

Image 171

CSA P

ark

Part F- Conclusion / Inferences of the Study Allahabad is a developing city and being one of the most religiously important cities of this country, it will always be in the limelight and attract tourists.

It is said that this city is considered most populated in the entire world during the congragation of Kumbh. This definitely puts a lot of responsibility in the hands of the administration of the city and pressure on its infrastructure and availability of utilities as a whole. There is a constant need for urbanization felt in the city as hinting at whatever is present is never enough. Image 172

During this constant need for urbanization and development in terms of highrises, the city, and particularly Civil Lines is slowly losing out on its identity.

Image 173

The grid pattern of this area definitely makes a lot of impact when it comes to regulating the traffic but at the same time adds this forceful moving pattern and direction.

Image 174

There are also some issues listed by us which are being neglected in the whole process of beautification. Therefore this study aims to bring to light the importance of this neighbourhood in the city and how if there is a change to be brought in the entire city, a probable and possible way to bring that could be to initiate it in this neighbourhood.

Part G- Way Forward 10. Masterplan 10.1 Working Plan and Propositions

The masterplan caters to a few concerns and conclusion smentioned in the study above. We have primarily focused on adressing the gridiron pattern, the presence of underutilized spaces and generic safety on streets. The following points are the changes introduced in the plan Potential Intervention Areas

-- Pedestrianisation of the neighbourhood- in order to break the monotony of the neighbourhood, ecology reasons, providing shortcut routes, --Resource Planning- Making each superblock/swatch a self sufficient mini-neighbourhood in terms of waste management, rainwater harvesting, harnessing solar energy, composting, agricultural facility, etc.

Image 175

PLOT 1- Tapovan Park

PLOT 7 - Traffic Park

A park under the cantonment. The park is well maintained but barely used due to the main cant area being in its proximity. there is a nala running parallel to the Auckland road (continuing to ponappa road) which collects waste from the park and nearby houses etc. Till 2019, the water was released in the ganga river via underground connections directly, but now there are 2 sewage treatment plants installed in the Naini region which assure that only treated water gets released in the river.

Old broken encroachment hou presently occupied by 20-25 peo who have built temporary structu The plot contains debris of all broken houses (broken around years ago). Since then, a case in high court has been going for land.

Image 176

Image 177

Image 178

PLOT 8 - Old Derailed Polytechnic Girls College

PLOT -2 Lekha Karyalaya Accounts Office An old abandoned colonial home which has now been intervened by officers. The plot contains informal settlements on its periphery as well. Image 179

Image 180

Image 181

Image 182

PLOT -3 Slum Housing Open lands in the cantonment region occupied by informal settlements.

PLOT 9 - Ram Navami Play Lectures (proposed)

PLOT 4 - DSOI recreational space(proposed)

A ground used during ram navm plays and story-telling. There is a lawyer’s permanent residence the plot. Image 183

PLOT 5 - Abandoned House An abandoned house which has been acquired by military for their housing purposes.

Image 184

Image 185

PLOT 10 and 11- Market Sp (proposed)

Broken structures. Seems like under construction. with the bro construction materials, people h made their own houses, and h been informally living here fo while.

PLOT 12- Slum Housing (proposed)

PLOT 6 - Pragati Maidan

The ground has always been green and empty since its only last year when the high court acquired the land to build Judges Awaas - Judges Bungalows.

Presently used as just a parking spot s two years. The plot was a polytec girls’ college. Before that, it wa residence of a judge who had give the land for the college. The buil is present here from colonial tim Right across the street, the constitutes of eateries and hotel y (a hub of garden community meeti

Image 186

Image 187

Image 188

Old broken encroachment hou presently occupied by people have built temporary structures. plot contains debris of all the bro houses (broken around 2 years a Since then, a case in the high c has been going for the land.

PLOT 14- Public Plaza (proposed)

uses, ople ures. the d 2 n the the

since chnic as a en up lding mes. area yatrik ings)

Gov. Girls Inter College, which is now abandoned, construction debris lying over the site and a few illegal occupants residing in the building.

Image 189

Image 190

Image 199

Image 191

PLOT 15 - Parking + Public toilet + Hawkers eatery (proposed) Old abandoned house ground belonging to an advocate. The house has been shut for about 7-8 years now. The plot faces the back of a mall on one edge, a street line of hawkers on one, main road on one edge and the house itself as one edge. Image 200 Image 192

Image 193

ys-

PLOT 17 - Civic office (proposed)

mi for also e on

High court Flyover and the informal markets happening below it occupying a significant space and activating the space under the flyover.

pace

Image 194

e its oken have have or a

PLOT 18 - Accomodation (proposed)

Image 201

Abandoned high court judged residential houses. Broken about 2 years ago.

Image 195

Image 202

Image 196

PLOT 19 - Accomodation (proposed)

Image 203

Abandoned high court judges residential houses. Broken about 7-8 years ago.

uses, who The oken ago). court Image 197

Image 198

10.1 Working Plan and Propositions

Resource Planning

Heritage and Culture

Sutainability Self- Sufficiency Rainwater Harvesting Unit Waste Management by composting Healthcare Solar Power installatioin in Public Buildings Fire Station Covid Te s t i n g Center

Literacy

Night Schools

Co-Working Space

Cultural Center

Society Club

City Heritage Museum

Kissa Bagh

Sports Facility

Medicine Donation Shop

Recreational Space for hospital staff (music therapy sessions)

Artist’s Retreat

Heritage Walk

Public Toilets

Parking

Maintenance persons’ house

Art Gallery

Public Plaza

Househelp’s Accomodation

Eldercare Services

Heritage Museum and Info Center integrated with the plaza.

Integrating the streetscape

Involving the local communities like the paan shops and the garden

Plaza

Recreational Space

Pedestrianization

Safer Streets

Child Creche

Community Garden

Childcare Park

Food Market Zone (superblock)

Breaking the monotony of the grid

Pedestrianization

10.2 Proposed Masterplan --Opening out the pockets of superblocks to the public, on street edges to engage the locals and hawkers, ---Provide recognition to identified and unidentified heritage structures --Imagining the whole neighbourhood as a walking garden, which has non motorized access from one space to another. Highlighted Plots - Individual Architectural Design Intervention Sites

Tapovan P a

rk Swatch

Cantonm

A.G. Offic

ent

e Swatch

All Saint’s

Railway Sw

atch

Church Sw

atch

Allahabad

Railway Sta

tion

Image 204

CSA P

ark Sw

atch

Part H- Sources and Credits

11. Credits

Efforts by Ashwani Kumar- ashwani.kumar18899@gmail.com Devishi Mohan- mohan.devishi@gmail.com Madhura Hardas- hardasmadhura@gmail.com Sarth Kankaria- sarthrkankaria@gmail.com Soham Jamdar- sohamjamdar0371@gmail.com

We are extremely grateful towards locals of the city who helped us explore through their eyes and experiences. Special MentionsGuddu Anthony, for taking us for most site visits and sharing with us his experience of the city. Usha Didi, for telling us stories about her family and how she enjoys Sangam area the most. She works as a househelp in houses in Civil Lines and loves to spend time in her family living in the Jhunsi region. Mouni Didi, for sharing with us her expeience of traveling everyday from her home in the Old Allahabad region, along with her 4 sisters, on an e-rickshaw to various households and how she wishes there was an easy-way-out. Reena Didi, for bringing it to our attention that as much as she does enjoy the city with her kids, she does not find her housing area very safe to stay and wishes to move to another locality. Devesh Mohan and Shubhi Shubhangi, for sharing their nostalgic childhood experiences in the city and especially taking us to places inside St. Mary’s School, which required special permission (Christian Community). Suyash Gupta, for taking us around the very first time in the city and telling us all about the social fabric and basic planning of Civil Lines and also about how he’s fond of Sports and enjoys playing tennis at Mayo Hall. Minakshi Mohan, for sharing her experiences of the city and how it gave her a platform to further enrich her poetries and story-writing as a hobby.

Manjula Mohan, for introducing us to the garden club and telling us about various competitions, lectures and events that the club holds. She runs her own Kitchen Garden all by herself and takes care of it everyday. Smita Agarwal, for further enriching our knowledge about the garden community and telling us about what vegetables and fruits are best grown in which time of the year. Gaurav Mohan and Harsh Mohan for sharing their nostalgic memories of Civil Lines dating back to the 80s and telling us all about how happeing Coffee House and El Chico was in those times. Manish Gujral, an Architect in Allahabad who helped us learn about the upcoming projects which the city is planning. Shobha Agarwal, Alok Kumar Agarwal and Kartikey Agarwal, the owners of Lallooji Tents belonging to three different generations, who told us in-depth about how exactly the entire Sangam Nagri is set up in months for the famous Kumbh Melas. They also shared their experiences of the mela and how much their and similarly so many lives revolve around it. And lastly, the entire team of Archiving Allahabad, for helping us explore the city through their beautifully documented drawings and photographs.

12. List of figures and sources Image 1- Evolution of Sangam during Mughal Era drawing by allahabad team Image 2- Allahabad location at junction of Yamuna and Ganges-1885 - https://www.amazon. com/INDIA-Allahabad-sketch-map-antique/dp/ B008D2YTZ4

Image 18 - St. Thomas Orthodox Syrian Church - http://allahabaddekho.com/Home/ TempleDetails?tid=63 Image 19 - Gautam Buddha icon - -The Noun Project Image 20 - Akbar Illustration - -The Noun Project.

Image 3- Map of Allahabad-1893 - https://www. indiawaterportal.org/sites/default/files/iwp2/ historical_maps_of_india_allahabad_1893.jpg

Image 21 - Jehangir Illustration - Created by the team.

Image 4- Minaret - drawing of archiving allahabad project redone by allahabad team.

Image 22 - Fall of Mughal Dynasty- -Youlin Magazine - The Hollow Crown

Image 5- Khushro’s Tomb - drawing of archiving allahabad project redone by allahabad team

Image 23 - Maratha Demand from Mughal Illustration by Authors

Image 6- Darwaza - drawing of archiving allahabad project redone by allahabad team

Image 24 - Allahabad High Court - https://www. livehistoryindia.com/story/amazing-india/thebritish-legacy-in-allahabad/

Image 7- Akbar fort- drawing done by team allahabad Image 8- Evolution of Sangam during British Eradrawing by allahabad team

Image 25 - Revolt of 1857 - -Illustration by Authors Image 26 - Mayo Hall --Illustration by Authors Image 27 - Minto Park --Illustration by Authors

Image 9- Map of Allahabad- 1911 - https://www. etsy.com/listing/466620884/1909-allahabad-indiaantique-map Image 10 - Chowk Church - drawing by allahabad team. Image 11 - Public Library - drawing of archiving allahabad project redone by allahabad team Image 12 - Allahabad University - drawing by allahabad team Image 13 - Mayo Memorial - drawing by allahabad team Image 14 - All Saints Cathedral- drawing of archiving allahabad project redone by allahabad team

Image 29 - Multi storeyed Constructions - https:// freerangestock.com/sample/20377/building-underconstruction.jpg Image 30 - Swaccha Bharat Abhiyan https://thedailyguardian.com/wp-content/ uploads/2020/06/2-June-3.jpg Image 31 - Allahabad to Prayagraj - Illustration by Authors Image 32 - CoVid-19 Pandemic - Illustration by Authors Image 33 - Revolt of 1857 - Illustration by Authors

Image 15- Drawing of Md Noor Alam Khan redone by allahabad team

Image 34 - Naini Bridge - naini bridge allahabad Bing images

Image 16 - Ashoka Pillar icon -The Noun Project

Image 35 - All Saints Church - https://www. pinterest.com/pin/463378249150949755/

Image 17 - Khusro Bagh - https://www.flickr.com/ photos/youthwith/7090028187

Image 28 - Swaraj Bhavan - Swaraj Bhavan, Allahabad (indianetzone.com)

Image 36 - Clock Tower icon - The Noun Project

Image 37 - Naini Bridge - naini bridge allahabad - Bing images

Image 56 - Demography icon https:// pdaprayagraj.in/

Image 38 - Paint my city campaign - Illustration by Authors

Image 57 - Male - Female population - https:// geoiq.io/places/Civil-Lines/5ouakAMhqz

Image 39 - Amrut Mission - https://upload. wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/77/AMRUT_logo. png

Image 58 - Population growth graph - https:// worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/ allahabad-population - Redone by Authors

Image 40 - Pontoon Bridge - https://www. telegraphindia.com/

Image 59 - Institutions Map - Based on information provided on google maps

Image 41 - Khusro Bagh - https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Khusro_Bagh

Image 60 - Holy Trinity School - Archiving Allahabad

Image 42- High Court - https://www.dnaindia. com/

Image 61 - Accountant General Office - 3D drawing by Authors

Image 43 -Captured on on site by the team

Image 62 - High Court - Hindustan Times

Image 44 -Captured on on site by the team

Image 63 - St Mary’s Convent - Archiving Allahabad

Image 45 -Captured on on site by the team Image 46 - UP location- recreated by the team using google maps Image 47 - Prayagraj location- recreated by the team using google maps Image 48 - Civil Lines location- recreated by the team using google maps Image 49 - Transport Pie Chart https:// pdaprayagraj.in/ Image 50 - Connectivity Map https:// pdaprayagraj.in/ Image 51 - Topography Contour Plan https:// pdaprayagraj.in/ Image 52 - Section through Ganga - recreated by the team using google earth Image 53 - Section through Yamuna - recreated by the team using google earth

Image 64 - Allahabad University - Archiving Allahabad Image 65 - Religious and Cultural Map - Redone by authors using Google Maps Image 66 - Red Church - Archiving Allahabad Image 67 - All Saints Cathedral - Archiving Allahabad Image 68 - St Joseph Cathedral - Archiving Allahabad Image 69 - Prayag Sangit Samiti - https://www. indiaschool.org/prayag-sangeet-samiti Image 70 - Built Unbuilt Map - Made by the authors using Google Maps and Site Data Image 71 - Land Use Allahabad Pie Chart Recreated by authors using https://pdaprayagraj. in/

Image 54 - River map analysis - recreated by the team using google earth

Image 72 - Land Use Civil Lines Pie Chart Recreated by authors using https://pdaprayagraj. in/

Image 55 - Demography Map https:// pdaprayagraj.in/

Image 73 - Land Use Map - https://pdaprayagraj. in/

Image 74 - Public Utilities Map - https://maps. apple.com

Image 94- Prayag Sangeet Samiti - Drawing by authors

Image 75 - Healthcare Map - https://hhbc.in, https://fxbkumbh.wordpress.com/tag/kumbhmela/

Image 95- Allahabad Museum & Public LibraryDrawing by authors

Image 76 - Open and Green Map - https://maps. apple.com Image 77 - Vehicular Cross Road - Picture by Authors

Image 96- Housing Typology AxonometricDrawing by authors based on information from site Image 97- Housing Typology Plan- Housing Typology Axonometric based on information from site

Image 78 - Cul de sac - Picture by Authors Image 79 - Nodes Map - based on information provided by Niharika Gupta’s Study on issuu Image 80 - Density of Job Attractions - By the authors Image 81 - Comparison of Real Estate Values Property Rates in Allahabad - 2020 - Real Estate Property Price & Trends in Allahabad (makaan. com)

Image 98- Plan of Allahabad denoting the house- Recreated using Google Maps Image 99- Housing Typology AxonometricDrawing by authors Image 100- Ground Floor Plan- Drawing by archiving allahabad Image 101- First Floor Plan- Drawing by archiving allahabad

Image 82 - Naresh Roy, Owner of El Chico -https:// swarajyamag.com/

Image 102- Location Plan- Drawing by archiving allahabad

Image 83 - Alankar Tandon, Director of Paper Mills -https://swarajyamag.com/

Image 103 - Photograph of Yaan Sagar House Archiving allahabad

Image 84 - Satish Sahu, Rickshaw driver - https:// swarajyamag.com/

Image 104- Plan of Allahabad denoting the house- Recreated using Google Maps

Image 85 - Pradeep Chauhan, Ferry Owner https://swarajyamag.com/

Image 105- Housing Typology Axonometric(Kothi)- Drawing by authors

Image 86 - Ashoka Kumar, Owner of a small Shophttps://swarajyamag.com/

Image 106- Ground Floor Plan- Drawing by archiving allahabad

Image 87- Heritage and Tourism map- Drawing by authors

Image 107- Location Plan- Drawing by archiving allahabad

Image 88- Red Church- Drawing by authors

Image 108- Plan of Allahabad denoting the house- Recreated using Google Maps

Image 89- High Court- Drawing by authors Image 109- Garden- Picture taken by the author Image 90- All Saint’s Church & Bishop Johnson School- Drawing by authors

Image 110- Garden- Picture taken by the author

Image 91- El Chico & Raj Karan Palace- Drawing by authors

Image 111- Garden- Base plan recreated by authors using Google Maps

Image 92- Institution map- Drawing by authors

Image 112- Plan of Garden Club Community Base plan recreated by authors using Garden Club Magazine Image 113 - Buying packed goods - Recreated

Image 93- St. Mary’s & St. Joseph’s SchoolDrawing by authors

by authors using https://www.alamy.com/ Image 114 - Dumping the wrapper - Recreated by authors using https://www.alamy.com/ Image 115 - Garbage collected - Recreated by authors using https://www.alamyimages.fr/ Image 116 - Sent to Waste Segregation Plant Recreated by authors using https://www.alamy. com/ Image 117 - Recyclable waste plants - Recreated by authors using Google Maps Image 118 - Waste Generation(Allahabad) Drawing by the authors based on News Article Image 119 - Prayagraj municipal Solid Waste Management System (1st August, 2020) Image 120 - Post COVID effects - Drawing by the authors Image 121 - Park Clean Up - News Headline Image 122 - Clean ups - Sketch by authors Image 123 - Sanitation - Public Toilets Map based on information on google maps and site study. Image 124 - Public Toilets -Image from google map Image 125 - Public Toilets -Image from google map Image 126 - Public Toilets -Image from google map Image 127 - Public Toilets -Image from google map Image 128 - Smart City Street Scape proposal Quora.com Image 129 - Section of the street - Drawings by the authors Image 130 - Aerial view of the street - Drawings by the authors Image 131 - Broadening of roads - Drawing by authors Image 132 - Schematic section of a road in Civil Lines - Sketch by Authors based on information from site

Image 133 - Schematic section of a road in Civil Lines - Sketch by Authors based on information from site Image 134 - Traffic - Plan and Section Sketch by Authors Image 135- E - Services - Sketch by Authors Image 136 - E - Nagar Seva - News Article https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/ Government-Organization/Swach-Bharat-AbhiyanAllahabad-1595393344052073/ Image 137 - E - Water connection - News Article - https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/ Government-Organization/Swach-Bharat-AbhiyanAllahabad-1595393344052073/ Image 138 - E - Water - Sewer connection - News Article - https://www.facebook.com/pages/ category/Government-Organization/SwachBharat-Abhiyan-Allahabad-1595393344052073/ Image 139 - PayTM house rent service - News Article - https://www.facebook.com/pages/ category/Government-Organization/SwachBharat-Abhiyan-Allahabad-1595393344052073/ Image 140 - PayTM screen with E-services - News Article - https://www.facebook.com/pages/ category/Government-Organization/SwachBharat-Abhiyan-Allahabad-1595393344052073/ Image 141 - Mobile App Municipal Facilities News Article- https://www.facebook.com/pages/ category/Government-Organization/SwachBharat-Abhiyan-Allahabad-1595393344052073/ Image 142 - Nagar Nigam App House Tax - News Article Image 143 - Sewage condition Allahabad https://www.firstpost.com/ Image 144- Safaimitra Suraksha Challenge http://swachhbharaturban.gov.in Image 145 - Chandrashekhar Azad Park Swatch - drawn by the authors based on information on google maps and site Image 146 - Chandrashekhar Azad Park- http:// parganachail.blogspot.com/ Image 147 - Azad Park Lake- https://m.sportsjig. com/advancedSearch/

Image 148 - Saint Joseph School & College https://www.sjcallahabad.org/

medical-infra-in-up-is-at-gods-mercy-hc/ articleshow/82726617.cms

Image 149 - All Saints Cathedral Swatch - drawn by the team based on information on google maps and site

Image 165 - High traffic attracting zones Drawing by the author based on study from the site

Image 150 - All Saints Cathedral- https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints_Cathedral,_ Allahabad

Image 166 - Air pollution - Photo taken by the authors

Image 151 - Elevation of Cathedral - Archiving Allahabad Image 152 - Plan of Cathedral - Archiving Allahabad Image 153 - Elevation of Cathedral- Archiving Allahabad Image 154 - Railway Swatch - drawn by the authors based on information on google maps and site Image 155- Prayagraj Junction https:// indiarailinfo.com/station/map/prayagrajjunction-allahabad-pryj/12852 Image 156- Railway Housing Scheme https:// ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section. jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,396,403 Image 157- National Central Railway Hospital https://ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/ Image 158 - Traffic Park Swatch- drawn by the team based on information on google maps and site Image 159 - Swami Vivekanand Chauraha - https://indiapl.com/uttar/swami-vivekanandchauraha-505470 Image 160 - Traffic Park - https://indiasthan. com/place/uttar-pradesh/916828/rotary-trafficpark-allahabad Image 161 - Slum in Civil Lines - Photo taken by the authors Image 162 - Street motorization - Photo taken by the authors Image 163 - Safety on streets - Drawing by the author based on research Image 164 - Healthcare issues - https:// timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/

Image 167- Setback area - Photo taken by the authors Image 168- Allahabad University - https:// timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/ education/news/allahabad-universitylaunches-its-new-refurbished-website/ articleshow/77603935.cms Image 169-Depletion of ground water - https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ city/allahabad/allahabad-losing-62cm-ofgroundwater-every-year/articleshow/31192598. cms#:~:text=ALLAHABAD%3A%20The%20 level%20of%20groundwater,measures%20 are%20not%20taken%20immediately. Image 170- Beautification of facades - Drawing by the authors Image 171- Map showing slums, dry leaf burning, set back areas- Drawing by Authors based on google maps and study from site. Image 172- Allahabad Fort- Illustration by the authors based on an Image taken on site. Image 173- High Rise Structures - Created by the Authors. Image 174 - Grid pattern of Civil lines- Drawing by team allahabad Image 175 - Working Plan (Masterplan) - Drawing by the authors Image 176 - Tapovan park- Photo taken by authors Image 177 - Tapovan park- Photo taken by authors Image 178 - Section of Tapovan park - Drawing by team allahabad Image 179 - Lekha Karyalaya Accounts OfficePhoto taken by author

Image 180- Lekha Karyalaya Accounts OfficePhoto taken by author

Image 204- Master Plan- Drawing by team Allahabad based on the extensive research

Image 181- Slum Housing - Photo taken by authors Image 182- Slum Housing - Photo taken by authors Image 183 - DSOI - Photo taken by authors Image 184 - Abandoned House- Photo taken by authors Image 185 - Abandoned House- Photo taken by authors Image 186 - Pragati Maidan- Photo taken by authors Image 187 - Pragati Maidan- Photo taken by authors Image 188 - Section of Pragati Maidan - Drawing by team allahabad Image 189 - Traffic Park - Photo taken by authors Image 190 - Traffic Park - Photo taken by author Image 191- Section of Traffic Park- Drawing by the authors Image 192- Old Derailed Polytechnic Girls CollegePhoto taken by authors Image 193- Old Derailed Polytechnic Girls CollegePhoto taken by authors Image 194 - Ram Navami Plays- Photo taken by authors Image 195- Market Space- Photo taken by authors Image 196- Market Space- Photo taken by authors Image 197- Slum housing- Photo taken by authors Image 198- Slum housing- Photo taken by authors Image 199-Public Plaza - Photo taken by authors Image 200-Parking + Hawkers eatery + Public toilet - Photo taken by author Image 201-Civic office- Photo taken by authors Image 202- Accomodation- Photo taken by authors Image 203- Accomodation- Photo taken by authors

Ashwani Kumar

Devishi Mohan

Madhura Hardas

Sarth Kankaria

Soham Jamdar