KRVIA UD (Urban Design) SEM 7, NAGPUR

CONTENTS 1. CITY AND IT’S FOUNDATION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Introduction Approach and Methodology Wards and Zones History and Culture 1.4 A Timeline 1 (8th century B.C to Late 1800’s) 1.4 B Heritage and Conservation

1.5 Geography and Geology 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

A B C D E

Climate Study Topography Soil Study Hydrology Flora and Fauna

1.6 Urban and Spatial Growth 1.6 A Timeline 2 (Late 1800’s to 2019)

2. NEIGHBOURHOOD : OVERVIEW 2.1 Context 2.2 Neighbourhood Plan 2.3 Site Study 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

A B C D E F G

Land Use Housing Typology Essentials Green Cover Non-designated open spaces Water bodies Connectivity i. Transport ii. Hierarchy of Roads

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3. SWATCH ANALYSIS 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

Dhantoli Sitabuldi Imamwada Rambagh Ajni Government Medical College Precinct Budhwaar Market, North Sakkardara

4. NEIGHBOURHOOD : SPECIFIC LENSES 4.1 Economic and Cultural Spaces 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

A B C D

Yashwant Stadium Sitabuldi Market Trilium Mall Budhwar Market

4.2 Open Spaces and Parks 4.2 A Dhantoli Garden 4.2 B Indian Gymkhana Ground 4.2 C Ecological Corridor

4.3 Industrial Expanse 4.4 Sports Infrastructure 4.5 City and its Theory of Exclusion

5. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND PROPOSITIONS 5.1 Aspirations and Objectives 5.2 Propositional Ideas 5.2 A Master-plan 5.2 B Intent and programs 5.2 C Transit strategies

6. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

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1 CITY AND IT’S FOUNDATION 1.1 Introduction The neighbourhood lies in the central part of the city, to the north of which flows the Nag-river. The study aims to identify and detail out the neighbourhood by looking at it from various perspectives. The report consists of the comprehensive collection of data about neighbourhood and its relationship with the overall city. It consists of possible propositional ideas by re-imagining the predetermined notions of living and occupying the spaces in the city.

Map 1 :- Maharashtra state map with Nagpur district marked

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1.2 Approach and Methodology Nagpur, the winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, is a fast growing metropolis. The city has had a major influence on the central railways since the British times. It has evolved in and around the railways, and therefore, it was important to understand the establishment of the railways. The tracks were laid after Nagpur became the capital of the central provinces of the British East India Company. Because of this, the Tata group established the country’s first textile mill at Nagpur-Empress Mills which is close to the station. Soon, this area developed radically as an industrial estate . We wanted to study areas which are or have been in direct influence of the railways. The subject area includes old British railway colonies, an industrial zone alongside the railways, settlements around the mills and two major markets.

We started by understanding the spatial growth and establishment of the city. Soon after we realised that in order to study the existing landuse and layout we need to zoom into certain swatches that would give a deeper understanding of the neighbourhood and its relationship with the overall city . We tried to pick-out swatches with different land use, settlement patterns, housing typology, etc.

We spoke to people who work in or inhabit this neighbourhood. Their narratives helped us understand what they think about the ongoing developments as well as the future imagination of the city..

It is also important to keep in mind the fact that, the city has been growing ceaselessly towards the outskirts whereas the development around the central part that we're looking at seems to be standstill.

Establishment of Nagpur Railways

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1.3 Wards and Zones Nagpur Municipal Corporation has divided the boundary of Nagpur into 38 wards under 10 zones. All zones have 4 wards except Dhantoli and Satranjipura. Dhantoli lies in the central part of the city and is a economic hub.

Map 2 :- Division of wards in Nagpur (urban)

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1.4 History and Culture 1.4 A Timeline 1 (8th century B.C to Late 1800’s)

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1.4 History and Culture 1.4 B Heritage and Conservation Nagpur has been ruled by many emperors and rulers and these rulers have often left their mark in form of gates, temples and administrative buildings which now are considered of great historic significance.

During the Gond rule (1636-1743), the city was fortified with six major gates. The residential area for Kings and Nobles was within the fort on the eastern side. The common people lived outside the fort area.

Gandhi gate

Gond King palace gate

Tajuddin baba was a local sufi saint who was famous for his spiritual preachings. The dargah was constructed in mid 1920s after his death. He is celebrated till date during an annual festival to mark his birth anniversary.

Tajuddin Baba Dargah

After being ignored for years, in 2018 the old high court building of nagpur which was built in early 1920s was declared as a heritage site by the ASI and its conservation is under progress.

Old High Court

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One of the biggest meeting places in Nagpur city, Kasturchand Park is situated at about 1 km. from central railway station. It is the most popular place when it comes to holding big processions in the city. In fact, a lot of trade shows and fairs are also organized in the park owing to the space available here. The park is always thriving with all sorts of activities the entire year.

Zero Mile in Nagpur Nagpur lies precisely at the center of the country with the Zero Mile Marker indicating the geographical center of India. The Zero Mile Stone was erected by the British who used this point to measure all the distances. The Zero Mile Stone consists of four horses and a pillar made up of sandstone. It is located on the south east of Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur. The English rulers considered Nagpur as the centre of India and hence identified this point and constructed the Zero Mile Stone. Being at the center of the country, they also had a plan to make Nagpur the second capital city.

Sitabuldi Fort in Nagpur, site of the 1817 Battle of Sitabuldi, is located atop a small hillock in the middle of Nagpur.

The fort was built by Appa Sahib or Mudhoji II Bhonsle of the Kingdom of Nagpur, just before he fought against the British East India Company during the Third Anglo-Maratha War. The area surrounding the hillock is now known as Sitabuldi and is an important commercial hub for Nagpur. Inside the fort one can find graves of numerous British soldiers and a cell where Mahatma Gandhi was imprisoned. At present, Sitabuldi fort is the home to the office of the territorial army. The fort opens to the general public only on two national holidays- 26th January and 15th August.

Kalidas Festival is celebrated annually at Ramtek and Nagpur for two days in the month of November. Organized by MTDC in association with the District Collectorate Office of Nagpur, this festival of Music, Dance and Drama is held to honour Kalidasa. Kalidas was a great Sanskrit poet and dramatist of India, renowned for his historical drama Shakuntalam, Kumaarasambhava , Ritusamhaara and for the epic poem Meghdoot alias Meghdootam. It is said the picturesque Ramtek has inspired Kalidas to write his famous literary work, Meghdootam.During Kalidas festival, celebrities of music, dance and drama gathered here to perform their talent. The festival brings back memories of the golden period of the Vidarbha region. People from different parts of India come here to attend the festival with full enthusiasm Marbat Festival held especially in the Nagpur city, is an important festival in this region which is celebrated to protect the city from evil spirits. During the festival, people of Nagpur venerate their God to save them from the evil spirits and they make statues of evil forces. These statues are taken to a vast ground as a procession, from all the areas of the city. They are burnt together on a belief that the city would be free from all types of evils. People purchase and wear new attires and ornaments on that day and women prepare delicious delicacies and distribute to everyone. Various cultural activities such as dance, drama etc are also organized during the festival.

Marbat festival

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Zero mile stone

Kasturchand park

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1.5 Geography & Geology 1.5 A Climate Study Nagpur has a tropical savanna climate (Aw in Köppen climate classification) with dry conditions prevailing for most of the year. It receives about 163 mm of rainfall in June. In winter there is much less rainfall than in summer. 44.4 inch of precipitation falls annually.

The "mean daily maximum" (solid upper line) shows the maximum temperature of an average day for every month for Nagpur. Likewise, "mean daily minimum" (solid bottom line) shows the average minimum temperature. Hot days and cold nights (dashed upper and lower lines) show the average of the hottest day and coldest night of each month of the last 30 years.

Monthly precipitations above 150 mm are mostly wet, below 30 mm mostly dry.

The wind rose for Nagpur shows how many hours per year the wind blows from the indicated direction.

Map 3 :- Annual rainfall

Average temperatures and precipitation

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Maximum Temperatures

The graph shows the monthly number of sunny, partly cloudy, overcast and precipitation days. Days with less than 20% cloud cover are considered as sunny, with 20-80% cloud cover as partly cloudy and with more than 80% as overcast.

Precipitation amounts

The maximum temperature diagram for Nagpur displays how many days per month reach certain temperatures.

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The diagram for Nagpur shows the days per month, during which the wind reaches a certain speed.

Wind speed

Precipitation amounts

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1.5 B Topography Nagpur is located near the V-shaped Nag River Basin's origin (vertex). Seminary Hills, Starky Point Hill, Ramnagar Hill, and Sitabuldi Hill are remnants of the undulating Mahadagarh Hills on the city's eastern outskirts. This area contains all of the major geological formations.

Nagpur is located on the Deccan Plateau and is part of the Satpura Range. The Satpura range of hills is located in central India. The range begins in eastern Gujarat and runs east through Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh before terminating in Chhattisgarh. The range runs parallel to the Vindhya Range to the north, and the Indo-Gangetic Plain in northern India and the Deccan Plateau in the south are divided by these two east-west mountains.

Map 4 :- Relief and Slopes Topography

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1.5 C Soil Study The major soil texture in Nagpur is clayey, where the clay content varies from 35% to 75%. In some of the areas, the soil texture ranges from clay loam to sandy clay loam. The organic matter content in the soil is usually less than 0.75%. The soil pH varies from 8 to 8.5. The problem of soil salinity does not exist in Nagpur.

The black cotton soil found in nagpur is very advantageous for agriculture but on the other hand it has very low bearing capacity and high shrinking and swelling capacity. Due to its peculiar characteristics, it forms a very poor foundation for construction.

Map 5 :- Types of soil in Nagpur district

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1.5 D Hydrology Nagpur lies on a plateau in central india. Most of the rivers are seasonal rivers and depends on rainfall and dams.

Majority of nagpur’s runoff water joins Vana or Kanhan river.

Ground water development depends on many factors viz., availability, crop water requirement, socio-economic fabric and on the yield of the aquifers existing in that area. The yields of wells are functions of the permeability and transmissivity of aquifer encountered and varies with location, diameter and depth etc. Ground water in the area is being developed by two type of abstraction structures i.e., borewells and dugwells. However dugwells are the main groundwater abstraction structures in the district. The yield of such structures varies from 20 to 380 m3/day. High yielding dugwells are generally located in weathered and fractured Basalts, fractured granites and Gondwana formations occurring in physiographic depressions.

Map 6 :- Ground water potential

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1.5 E Flora and fauna Nagpur is known as the second greenest city in India with nearly 18% area under forests and plantation/parks, 17% under cultivation and 2% underwater bodies. Open spaces account for 22% area, the city on an average has 31 m2 green spaces per person (forest, plantation and cultivation included).

It is in the deccan trap which was flooded by lava welling up from the vents in the earth some 65 million years ago. This formed the perfect soil required to create dense tropical hardwood forests.

Palash Tree

Sagwan Tree

Tendu Tree

Kulu ( ghost ) Tree

Mahua Tree

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Plant wealth of the district can be grouped into three main types: Hill Forest, Savannah and Pond vegetation along with some minor groupings such as Riverine, Wasteland plants and Weeds.

According to Flora of Nagpur District, there are 1136 plant species which fall under 679 genera and 142 families Cassia siamea, Acacia leucophloea, Azadirachta indica, and Mimosa leucocephala, Dalbergia sissoo, Hardwickia binata, Butea monosperma, Albizia lebbeck are tree species that are widely distributed dominantly across the city. Deciduous trees are often mixed with thorny ornithophilous shrubs.

Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve in Tadoba is a predominantly southern tropical dry forest with dense woodlands comprising about 87 percent of the protected area.The most popular species of the trees are Teak and Bamboo in this forest.Other trees include Ain (crocodile bark), Bija, Dhauda, Hald, Salai, Semal and Tendu. Baheda, Hirda, Karaya Gum, Mahua Madhuca (crepe myrtle) and Lannea coromandelica are other common species.Axlewood (Anogeissus latifolia) is a fire-resistant species growing here.Palas or flame of the forest (Butea monosperma) adds vibrant colour to the forest.Black plum trees grow in the riparian habitat around the lake. At the waterhole at Panchadhara, huge Arjun trees are seen.Grass is found throughout the reserve.Bamboo thickets grow throughout the reserve.The climber Kach Khujli (velvet bean) found here is a medicinal plant used to treat Parkinson’s disease.

Nagpur Municipal Corporation is planning to make Nagpur the second largest green city in India. As per the data obtained from NMC’s garden department, there are 21,43,838 trees within the Nagpur city amounting to 9,871 trees per sq. km against the present population of 2,405,421. As per Census 2011, there are 9 trees for every 10 persons in Nagpur city. NMC in its effort to further enhance its green cover within the city has decided to undertake massive tree plantation activity i.e. 4.5 to 5 lakh saplings.

According to theAsian green cities index report, Indian cities (22 cities) on an average have 17 m2/person green space.. Based on these reports, it can be concluded that Nagpur has a good green space provision.

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1.5 E Flora and fauna Nagpur is located very close to the forests in the Satpura range and hence has a rich variety of fauna.Nearly 131 species of fauna like tigers, leopards, sloth bears and wild dogs, including endangered species like the Indian python and the common Indian monitor, wild boar, spotted deer, sambar, barking deer, blue bull, jungle cat, jackal, peacock, jungle fowl and flying squirrel reside here

Tiger

Indian Golden Oriole Red-Vented Bulbul

Great Eggfly Sloth Bear

Giant wood spider

Black-Naped Blue Flycatcher

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Nagpur district comprises five tehsils each of which has mountain ranges with forest tracts on the northern borders. Besides this the district is drained by a number of rivers, both big and small, and contains many tanks and lakes Nagpur is said to be the tiger capital of India, That’s because there is a wide range of forest areas, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and tiger reserve within 200 km range of Nagpur ● ● ● ● ● ●

Tadoba Tiger Reserve -88km Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary -58km Bor Tiger Reserve -78km Pench National Park -96km Navegaon-Nagzira Tiger Reserve -144km Tipeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary -193km

352 species of fauna from 190 families belonging to 56 orders were documented, out of which most dominated order of species like Lepidoptera with 55 species, Arachnida 43 species, Passeriformes 39 species, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera with 22 species each, Diptera 21 species, Hemiptera 20 species, Squamata 19 species, Odonata 14 species and Orthoptera 13 species are recorded.

154 species of birds belonging to 17 orders and 55 families have been observed. Out of 154 species of birds, 128 species were Resident, 20 were Winter Migrant, 03 were Breeding Migrant, 02 were Passage Migrant and 01 was Vagrant species. Considering abundance of 154 bird species, 23 species were abundant, 60 species were common, 53 species were uncommon, 08 species were occasional and 10 species were rare in this habitat.

Abundant species found in the study are house crow, jungle babbler, Red-vented bulbul, Black drongo, Common tailor bird, Common myna, Brahminy starling, White-throated munia, House sparrow, Wire tailed swallow, Red-rumped swallow, Purple rumped sunbird, Purple sunbird, Coppersmith barbet, Little green bee-eater, House swift,. Asian Koel, Rose ringed parakeet, Blue rock pigeon, Laughing dove, Red-wattled lapwing and Cattle egret.

Bird species found in nagpur district include the orange-headed thrush, Indian pitta, crested treeswift, stone curlew, crested honey buzzard, paradise flycatcher, bronze-winged jacana, lesser golden backed woodpecker, various warblers, black-naped blue flycatcher and the Indian peafowl. Also, butterflies including pansies, monarchs, mormons and swordtails.Insect species include the endangered danaid egg-fly and great eggfly are found here Dragonflies, stick insects, jewel beetles and the praying mantis are other insects in the reserve.The signature spider, giant wood spider and red wood spiders are often seen during the monsoon and soon after. Some hunting spiders like the wolf spiders, crab spiders and lynx spiders are also common.

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1.6 Urban and Spatial Growth 1.6 A Timeline (1700 to 2019)

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1.6 A Timeline (1700 to 2019)

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2 NEIGHBOURHOOD : OVERVIEW 2.1 Neighbourhood context

Map 8 :- Map of the city with demarcating the swatch

The city has been established and developed in and around railways. We wanted to study such areas which are or have been in direct relation or influence of the railways. This includes old British railway colonies, an industrial zone alongside the railways, settlements around the mills and two major markets. Our neighbourhood lies in the central zone and is bordered by Nag river in the north. It covers around eight sectors - Dhantoli, Imamwada, Ajni, Rambagh, Untkhana, Ashok Nagar, North Sakkardara and Government Medical college.

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2.2 Neighbourhood Plan

Map 9 :-Zoomed in neighbourhood map

In the extreme left of the neighbourhood is Dhantoli. It is a residential area with high commercial value.

Towards the northern side, lies an lod marketplace called sitabuldi. It is one of the busiest street markets in the city. This part of the neighbourhood is a growing commercial space with a new the metro crossing and a new mall coming up. Imamwada region lies under the industrial zone with Steel, Wood and Plastic small scale industries and workshops all over the sector. Alongside the railways is its colony called Ajni. Set-up by the British, it is a series of row houses with open gardens for the railway employees. Rambagh is a densely packed settlement. A dense network of narrow lanes and small houses, it forms a stretch between the GMC campus and Imamwada. GMC campus, on the southern part of the neighbourhood, is a green yet isolated piece of land which has the medical college. Multiple checkpoints and prior permissions make it difficult for the people who want to just cross it to get somewhere else. Untkhana and Ashok nagar are fairly residential areas with individual bungalows and private homes. Sakkardara region has its own historical importance. Step wells, old temples, form a part of this area.

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2.3 Site Study 2.3 A Land Use

Map 10 :- Land Use Map

commercial residential

institutional residential + commercial

hospital + residential GMC campus

The swatch chosen is a mixed bag of residential, commercial, institutional, and hospital spaces. The majority of it is residential. In areas like Dhantoli, the residential spaces have a commercial complex on the ground level and flat schemes on the upper level. The entire northern belt of the swatch, i.e., Sitabuldi, and the industrial area along the Nag river are mostly commercial. A huge part of the central part is devoted to government medical institution. Towards the right part of the neighbourhood is a residential area.

Institutions in the neighbourhood are placed together with huge open grounds around them.

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2.3 B Housing Typology

Map 11 :- Housing Typologies

residential slums

non-residential

chawl

small settlements

railway colony

The majority of the neighbourhood has independent bungalows and small residential plots. Dhantoli, which was once a complete residential zone, has become a commercial hub now. Ground floors in Dhantoli are being converted into commercial complexes, while upper floors are being kept for residents.Compact settlements could be seen towards the central zone. The industrial area has slums and other compact settlements around it. Alongside the railways is its colony called Ajni. Set-up by the British, it is a series of row houses with open gardens for the railway employees. This colony is extremely rich in terms of its flora. It is home to trees that are more than 100 years old. A new inter-modal station is being proposed here which will be constructed at the cost of this ecologically rich area.

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2.3 C Essentials

Map 12 :- Essential services

In dhantoli area one can observe a high density of hospitals & Hotels can be distinctively found on the major roads radiating from the medical square. Institutional buildings present in the neighbourhood are extremely old and hence they have huge open areas around them.

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2.3 D Green Cover

Map 13 :- Green Cover

The major green cover in Nagpur is persistent today only due to land reserved during British times. A large chunk of Nagpur's green cover comes from old establishments like the medical college and the Ajni colony.

Nagpur has lost around 4000 hectares of green cover in the last 2 decades and is still depleting at an alarming rate after various government proposals on this reserved land. In the neighbourhood, the southern part has undesignated open land that has a dense growth of trees and other greens. Since the British times, Ajni colony and GMC campus have carefully planted trees. Ajni colony is extremely rich in terms of its flora. It is home to trees that are more than 100 years old. A new inter-modal station is being proposed here which will be constructed at the cost of this ecologically rich area.

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2.3 E Non-designated Open Spaces

Map 14 :- Open spaces and parks

There are certain open spaces in our neighbourhood that have become overgrown with a dense wild cover of trees. Some of these patches are private lands which have been left underdeveloped. Due to this negligence, this space has seen the wanted growth of wild flora. During the monsoons, there is stagnation of water which becomes a breeding ground for disease-causing insects. Along the road, these spaces are being used for dumping. As planners, our primary approach should be to consider the entire allotted area as one landscape unit and then to negotiate the built forms with nature rather than to impose them on it.

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2.3 F Water Bodies

Map 14 :- Water bodies

The 17-kilometer stretch of the Nag river in the heart of Nagpur runs adjacent over 200 contiguous hectares in strategic locations across the city. It flows from Ambazari Lake and into the Kanhan River. This is a man-made river which was made by the king in order to supply water to his kingdom during the non-monsoon seasons. During the monsoon season, it is particularly vulnerable to flooding, is severely contaminated by waste water and solid waste, and is entirely inaccessible. Over the years, the river has been carrying heavy sewage load transformed into into wastewater carrying stream. The river is highly degraded due to poor urban infrastructure, lack of institutional capacity for their management and lack of tools for enforcement of existing regulations. The Nag River Rejuvenation Project has been proposed in order to improve the river's quality and ecology, as well as to mitigate floods.

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2.3 G Connectivity 2.3 G i Transport

Map 15 :- Metro routes

Nagpur is a fast expanding city, and public transportation is an important element of that growth. The Nagpur metro system was planned in 2014, and the first phase opened to civilians in 2019. Nagpur metro currently has two lines, one running north to south and the other running east to west, with the goal of connecting the city's core business district to residential regions. And, perhaps, additional lines will be constructed to link Nagpur's key regions.

However, because of the city's size, individuals choose to ride their own vehicles rather than take public transportation, making the metro a million-dollar joy ride.

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2.3 G Connectivity 2.3 G ii Hierarchy of Roads

Map 16 :- Hierarchy of roads

Nagpur is a radial city with a ring road that circles the city; in this particular swatch, we can see a similar pattern where the medical sq. roundabout is at the centre and six roads radiate outward, creating smaller foci, and so on.

Each sector formed by the diverging roads has a different neighbourhood such as residential, residential+commercial, commercial, and so on.

As can be seen, travelling from a road next to GMC to the other side, or from a road adjacent to Ajni Railway Colony to the other side, is cumbersome since they must either drive around the sector or take a journey from the centre. This problem does not exist in any other sector since there is a government-designed plan with suitable intermediary routes.

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3 SWATCH ANALYSIS 3.1 Dhantoli

Dhantoli is the city's most prominent healthcare center. It was form housing colony for individuals who worked for British authorities neighbourhood was mostly residential, although it has now transformed into commercial stores on the lower levels. Many o structures have been converted into hospitals with residences on Several British-style homes still stand in the neighbourhood, but have been converted into apartments. The majority of the plot owned by individuals, although there has been a transition to converting these into commercial establishments. It has been no that the neighbourhood contains several hospitals but lacks spac waiting and recreation.

Towards the northern end of the neighbourhood, there is a stadium the city's largest street market. The stadium's usage has ev throughout time, and it is currently used as a commercial centre. are a few educational organizations in the region with huge grounds.

The Nagpur metro orange line passes through the area, with two nearby. - The Sitabuldi Station and Congress Nagar Station.

Map 17 :- Dhantoli swatch

commercial institutional hospital + residential residential residential + commercial

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merly a s. The been of the n top. some ts are oward oticed ces for built/ un-built

m and volved .There open

network plan

stops

activity plan- various stall catering to people waiting for their relatives at the hospital

density plan

section

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3.2 Sitabuldi

Sitabuldi is one of the few prominent street marketplaces that ex independence. It is close to the Sitabuldi Fort, which was ere Bhosales in the 1700s. This roadway was once a major thor business, but it was later turned into a street market. The fortification and the gates of the Sitabuldi fort can be found alo market street. Nagpur has been slightly imposed on by the ar proposals for constructing a smart city in India. It's as if there's building infrastructure to turn a developing city into a smart on situation, the smart city notion appears alien and imposing example, despite the fact that Fortune Mall (in an attempt to market typology) failed spectacularly, a new conventional mall is does not respect the existing typology and sits like a monolithic within the market, and even the design of metro institutions (c dull spaces below that impede the street market typology) The we have a predetermined, incorrect image of what constitutes a India, and we ignore the city's historical relevance and cul applying the same typology practically everywhere.

Map 18 :- Sitabuldi swatch

commercial institutional hospital + residential residential residential + commercial

section

density plan Semester 7 l Nagpur l Urban Design

section

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xisted prior to rected by the roughfare for ruins of the ong the main rrival of fresh a formula for ne, and in this in nature.For o replace the opening that chunky mass creating dark e issue is that an ideal city in ltural nature, built / un-built

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network plan

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3.3 Imamwada Imamwada, at the city's core, is a lively industrial neighbourhood. It was one of the most important lumber marketplaces in Asia during the British era.

Residential complexes and woodworking workshops make up the neighbourhood. One of the motivations for creating a market here was the ease of transportation provided by the nearby railways.

Imamwada is a classified industrial district, with the only residential structures dating back 20-30 years.

Typically, adjacent to the road, there are alternating residential and workshop buildings, and the central space is a communal storage area where timber is stored.

Map 19:- Imamwada swatch

commercial institutional hospital + residential residential residential + commercial

part section 1

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spatial use plan

ownership plan

part section 2

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3.3 Imamwada

Stacks of completed wood, ready to export, may be seen while entering a workshop area in the neighbourh On the other side, there is a large sawmills that are used to cut the raw wood into required sizes, further the a communal storage space used by 4-5 merchants where all the raw wood is piled.

Many customers are switching to alternative materials such as plywood due to environmental and finan concerns, resulting in a drop in demand for timber. As a result, many vendors have moved from selling tim to selling plywood, ceramic ware, and other items who do not need such a huge infrastructure and h considering selling the property.

section

section

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density plan

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hood. ere is

ncial mber hence

activity plan 2 activity plan

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activity plan- numerous wood cutting, carving and finishing work is being done at the workshops next to the house of the owner

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3.4 Rambagh

Rambagh was occupied by people working fo low-ranking railway employees, all of whom wer native Indians, during British control. The elit occupied area was divided from this area by railway This neighbourhood is next to an industrial area tha deals with the trade of wood. As a result, all of th migrant workers and craftsmen (mostly from Chhattisgarh) finally settled here. Because th location was close to the nationalist Model mills, th majority of the workers chose to live here as well.

Due to British rule's lack of attention, congested place with poor sanitation resulted. Although some areas o these spaces connect to large green landscapes wit almost no human access, they lack green space. Thes open spaces could be used in the near future t improve living conditions and to bring togethe culturally and economically diverse people.

Map 20 :- Rambagh swatch

industrial commercial institutional residential residential + commercial

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or re te ys. at he m his he

es of th se to er built/ un-built

network plan

section

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3.5 Ajni

Map 21 :- Ajni swatch

Railway colony residential residential + commercial

The city's planning has been heavily influenced colonial influences, owing to the development empress mills, which are now positioned in city's centre. The deliberate positioning of railways within the city's framework served divide the metropolis between the ruling class a the subjugated. The Anji colony, along with c lines, was established to accommodate the nat British officers, who were mostly locomotive driv In today's Rumbaugh, mill workers and low-le railway employees were housed.Due to a lack colonial events, many sectors continue to strug from cramped living quarters and poor sanitatio unlike the anji colony with lush green spaces people to live in). In order to prevent public acce the British built a massive wall surrounding the A colony, which still stands today. These walls a allowed for the expansion of informal communit within tight settlements, diminishing the amo of public space in the Rambagh region.Even a independence, the wall continues to have impact on the city, dividing neighborhoods w diverse socio-political origins. Even when view Ajni colony in isolation, individual homes appear be split off from the colony. In the end, this pa doesn't really add to the city's fabric, that is to ma come together and live..

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d by t of the the to and civil tive vers. evel k of ggle on ( for ess, Ajni also ties ount after an with wing r to atch ake

nolli plan

network plan

elevation

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3.6 Government Medical College Precinct

built/ un-built

Map 22 :- GMC Nagpur

commercial govt. medical college campus residential residential + commercial

The government medical college occupies a major portion colony and on the other by residential complexes. In terms effect on the city. However, the enormous campus appears property due to the tight boundaries. The medical square jun

section section

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network plan

density plan

n of the swatch and is surrounded on one side by a railway s of history and education, the institution had a significant s to be a major impediment to public mobility around the nction is a vital intersection that links several areas of the city.

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3.7 Budhwaar Market, North Sakkardara

Map 23 :- North sakkardara swatch

institutional commercial residential residential + commercial

built/ un-built

Budhwaar market is a weekly market that operates on Satu several Institutional buildings nearby. The neighbourhood a few sheds for vendors designated by the NMC. The conditio mostly placed along the edges of the wedged shape plot.

section

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network plan

density plan

urdays and Wednesdays. The market is located in the Sakkardara neighbourhood. It is a designated market with also has a few commercial complexes and a community hall. The market lies in an open ground which also has a on of the market is extremely poor with a garbage dump in the center. Other temporary sheds [marked in red] are

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3.7 Budhwaar Market, North Sakkardara Different types of goods have certain designated areas in the market. Footwears, Pottery and other general items are sold along the main road [dark blue]. Seafood is separated from the vegetables and se food vendors sit along the main road [light blue]. Dry and moist vegetables are also separated.

Dry vegetables [red] vendors could be seen sitting along the southern boundary. Houses adjacent to the southern road have shops at the ground floor [light pink]. Vendors start arranging their goods from 6am. The market sees maximum visitors between 9:00 am to 12:00 pm. Some permanent shops are open throughout the week. Wednesdays are the busiest.

activity plan

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06:00 a.m- 09:00 a.m

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09:00 a.m- 12:00 a.m

16:00 p.m- 21:00 p.m

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4 NEIGHBOURHOOD : SPECIFIC LENSES 4.1 Economic and Cultural spaces After studying the city in detail, we felt there was a great scope for developing cultural and economic spaces that add merit to the existing city fabric and also become a source of human-level interaction in the city. These economic and cultural spaces include:

4.1 A Yashwant Stadium Previously a cricket and football stadium, it has now become a commercial hub in the city. There are shops all around the stadium, which include automobiles, telecommunications, and multimedia. The streets alongside the stadium also have a similar typology. This stretch was previously famous for a street food juncture which was located right in front of the stadium, while the stadium was used for cultural events. The stadium and the food juncture thrived on each other. These stalls attracted people from all over the city, which added human interaction and value to a highly urbanized space. It was interesting to see three different urban systems come together. Soon after, this space, which was used by the food stalls, demanded paid parking for the commercial shops, and all the stalls were relocated to different parts of the city, losing their value as a unit that brought people together. In no time, the stadium was no more a space for cultural events.

We see great potential in the site which can be developed into a space that can cater to all the present needs while retaining the existing character that developed this space in the first place.

4.1 B Sitabuldi Market Sitabuldi is one of the busiest street markets in the city. The Sitabuldi flower market once used to flourish in all its glory, which was among the most popular markets in Vidarbha and the neighbouring states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Set up in 1995, the market has now turned into a bane for the traders operating there. Gross mismanagement prevails in and around the market, which has now diminished its glory. After a metro crossing was constructed at Sitabuldi, dark and dull spaces were also formed below the junction, which once used to be a lively well lit street with public involvement. This junction was previously a connection between the variety square, the main market street and the inner market lanes. A new mall is proposed in this area, which has only worsened the conditions. It has killed the existing street market typology and sits like a dead block in a fairly exciting space. There is a need to re-look at the way in which we design such commercial spaces because they completely disregard the existence of a public realm right next to them.

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4.1 C Trillium Mall The newly created trillium mall was intended to be a space that prioritised the public realm over being a chunk that only lets visitors to utilise the mall's internal spaces and not the outside spaces. It is like a pseudo public space. There is absolutely no buffer space between the main road and the mall that will allow this mall to function in the way in which it was imagined it to be.

4.1 D Budhwaar Market Budhwaar market is one of the city's oldest markets. It was founded 50 years ago when an inner narrow gauge railway was built to facilitate export and import within the city. This market is located in the heart of a residential neighbourhood. Because the market takes up the majority of the ground, inhabitants in this region do not have access to a community space or a garden. On some days it encroaches roads and footpaths making it difficult for people to commute. This facility can provide the desired public space for the citizens while also providing a marketplace system that can handle garbage disposal as well.

Map 24 :- Economic and cultural spaces

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4.2 Open Spaces and Parks We've identified a number of open spaces and public parks in the city that are created in such that they have a dead reinforced wall around their limits, preventing interaction between the outside and inside spaces. There seems to be no relationship between them, and it works merely as a green patch that could be placed anywhere on the planet. These parks could be re-designed with a neighbourhood centric approach while the open spaces which are currently unused can be turned into spaces that could serve the community around it.

4.2 A Dhantoli Garden Dhantoli Garden is surrounded mainly by hospitals and residential structures. The corners of this garden are fortified. Because of this fortification, this garden does not seem inviting. It can be re-designed with proper resting places for hospital visitors and could incorporate the street food carts that sit alongside its boundaries.

4.2 B Indian Gymkhana Ground Dhantoli Garden is surrounded mainly by hospitals and residential structures. The corners of this garden are fortified. Because of this fortification, this garden does not seem inviting. It can be re-designed with proper resting places for hospital visitors and could incorporate the street food carts that sit alongside its boundaries.

4.2 C Ecological Corridor The rise of compact towns in Rambagh is a product of British planning policy, which aimed to create a division between oppressors and rulers. These villages are densely packed, with houses pressed up against one another, and there is no sense of community or belonging among the residents. Exclusion of open areas, as well as a lack of space for children to play or engage in any type of social interaction, can be seen.As a result, an ecological corridor can be quite effective in bringing together disparate compact settlements. These places could also serve as an extension of their houses, bringing nature back into the midst of the chaos.

4.3 Industrial Expanse Due to the establishment of railways by the British, along which then the city was laid. Imamwada was established as an important centre to import and export wood due to its proximity to the railways. This business was mainly owned by Patel community who migrated from Kutch. Also Empress mill and Model mill were set up towards the north of Imamwada . In the due course a typology has emerged which consists of people working and living in this same premise .

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4.4 Sports Infrastructure When we looked around the city, we noticed that it lacked sports infrastructure. The outdoor sports stadiums in the city centre are used for cultural and commercial reasons, while a huge indoor stadium named Mankapur Indoor Stadium is located in the city's northern extremity. However, as the suburbs in the southernmost regions increase, there are fewer open spaces for children to play in, and fewer indoor facilities. It could encourage young people to participate in extracurricular activities, giving them additional possibilities to grow physically.

4.5 City and its Theory of Exclusion When the British first laid railway tracks in Nagpur, they intended to divide the city into two halves, one for Indians and one for the British. They used thick reinforced walls to isolate their regions from the Indian areas. Civil lines, Dhantoli, Ajni, and the GMC campus were British regions with little Indian engagement. This class division may still be seen today, even after independence. Even today, the West is divided from the other side of the loha pool.Rambagh and Ajni, GMC campus and Hanuman Nagar also has similar divide. More effort should be put forward in order to bridge this gap.

Diagram

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5 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND PROPOSITIONS 5.1 Aspirations and Objectives

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5.1 Aspirations and Objectives

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5.1 Aspirations and Objectives

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5 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND PROPOSITIONS 5.2 Propositional Ideas 5.2 A Masterplan

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Map 25 :- Master plan

1. Sitabuldi 2. Parks & Open spaces 3. Vocational Training Institute 4. Nag river edge 5. Medical square 6. Budhwaar market 7. Blurring the boundaries 58

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5 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND PROPOSITIONS 5. Propositional Ideas 5.2 B Intent and Programs i. Sitabuldi - Yashwant Stadium

Map 26 :- Propositional idea- Yashwant stadium

Intent : -

Sports complex which accommodates various indoor sport areas like basketball court, bowling alley, squash etc.

To create a public character and to merge the street gradually to transform it into functional spaces.

Shifting the flows of the population from the existing dark space(below metro junction) to the intervention and also restricting vehicular access.

Introducing an ecological habitat [marshes]for flood mitigation and to control the flow of the river.

Introducing a connection between these major marshes that is, a transit corridor to build a relationship between the city and the river.

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Yashwant Stadium

Nag river Project

Permanent street vending zones Community led initiative zone

Landscape program

Multimedia zone

Wastewater treatment

Children activity zone

Solar energy unit

Intelligent bus transport management system

Edge restoration

Bus terminal

Infiltration ponds

Waiting area

Nature awareness

Ticketing booth

Community led initiative zones

Convention center

Plant nursery

Theatre for performing arts

Pollinator park

Auditorium

Migratory bird park

Exhibit spaces

Floodable sunken courts Floating wetlands

Supporting programs

Water taxi

Visitor info kiosk

Climate change museum

Admin office

Habitat- wildlife tourism

Parking

Eco mobility corridor

Feedback kiosk

Bird research centre

Infirmary room

Contemplation zone(alongside moksh dham)

Emergency assistance unit Utility operation and maintenance module

Supporting programs

Security and surveillance module

Feeding rooms Crosswalk art along the trail Visitor info kiosk Resilience zone Feeding rooms Bike renting zone Admin office Feedback kiosk Infirmary room Emergency assistance unit Utility operation and maintenance module Security and surveillance module

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5. Propositional Ideas 5.2 B Intent and Programs i. Sitabuldi- Glocal and Fortune mall

Map 27 :- Propositional idea- Fortune mall and glocal mall

Intent : -

Sports complex which accommodates various indoor sport areas like basketball court, bowling alley, squash etc.

To create a public character and to merge the street gradually to transform it into functional spaces.

Shifting the flows of the population from the existing dark space(below metro junction) to the intervention and also restricting vehicular access.

Retaining the traditional street vending typology and redirecting the flow of public, gradually into the complex which would then lead them to the metro station Providing breathing spaces within the complex located in a high density zone Direct access to the metro station

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Fortune Mall

Glocal Mall

Indoor sports facility

Commercial market space

Children’s activity zone

Farmers market

Locker rooms

Waste management station and segregation unit

Therapy rooms

Public podium

Sports equipment and gear shop

Open air amphitheater

Lounge waiting room

Contemporary street market

Drugs and alcohol testing Leadership and professional training

Supporting programs

Strategy rooms

Crosswalk art

Media and technology

Admin

Sponsor’s room

Metro extension and food court Prayer room

Supporting programs

Feedback kiosk

Food kiosk

Infirmary room

Parking

Emergency assistance unit

Admin

Utility operation and maintenance module

Infirmary room

Security and surveillance module

Emergency assistance unit Utility operation and maintenance module

Transit strategies

Security and surveillance module

One way street Restricted vehicular access

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5. Propositional Ideas 5.2 B Intent and Programs ii. Dhantoli Dhantoli Ground Crosswalk art Vending area Community led initiative zone Domestic composting Bike renting zone Children’s activity zone Yoga pavilion Podiums for performing arts Community garden

Map 28 :- Propositional idea- Dhantoli garden

Intent : -

To breakout from the fixed notion of fortified public parks and make it more neighbourhood centric.

Merging waiting spaces and street vending spaces gradually into the garden

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ii. Indian Gymkhana Ground Gymkhana ground Skating park Outdoor gym spaces Turf Basketball

Public housing E-governance Planning department Policy and innovation lab Community garden(shared space) Economic development unit

Supporting programs Bike renting point Infirmary room Emergency assistance unit Utility operation and maintenance module Map 29 :- Propositional idea- Indian gymkhana ground

Security and surveillance module

Intent : -

Changing the idea of ‘low cost housing’ and ‘SRAs’ and establishing a housing prototype Converting the authoritarian gymkhana into a more open, neighbourhood friendly organisation Connecting two divided parts of the city

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5. Propositional Ideas 5.2 B Intent and Programs ii. Ecological Corridor

Ecological Corridor Aquifer recharge zone Infiltration ponds Nature awareness centre Floating wetlands Av room

Supporting programs Visitor info kiosk Resilience zone Bike renting point Infirmary room Emergency assistance unit Utility operation and maintenance module Security and surveillance module

Map 30 :- Propositional idea- Ecological corridor

Intent : -

In a highly populated and compact area there is a need to give a breathing and a recreational space with respect to nature Stitching three compact neighbourhoods together

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iii. Blurring the Boundaries - Ajni Arts convention center Arts and therapy space Multipurpose hall Theater for performing arts Studios- dance Craft workshops Music Arts and therapy space Drawing Photography workshop Film screening and workshops Poetry workshops pottery workshops Sculpting workshops Exhibition spaces Map 31 :- Propositional idea- Blurring Boundaries (Ajni)

Open air amphitheater

Intent :

-

Public podium

Moving beyond the old colonial beliefs of separation by merging the two distinct neighbourhoods by the means of art.

Supporting programs Infirmary room Emergency assistance unit Utility operation and maintenance module Security and surveillance module

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5. Propositional Ideas 5.2 B Intent and Programs iv. Imamwada

Map 32 :- Propositional idea- Imamwada

Intent : -

Reviving the dying wood industries and their craftsmen to preserve and spread their art,culture and heritage.

To cater to present day businesses in the area like steel,ceramics,plywood and polymers.

Creating a public space in a densely populated area Giving a platform or an extension to the original housing which will be a place to bring the community together as a whole.

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Imamwada Institute

Imamwada Ground

Storage

Pop up market

Admin

Community upcycling

Workshops

Innovation and maker’s hub

Exhibit spaces

Brake room (destructive therapy)

Production unit Sales unit

Supporting programs

Dorms

Visitor info kiosk

Infirmary

Bike renting point Infirmary room

Café

Emergency assistance unit

Hardware store

Utility operation and maintenance module Security and surveillance module

Supporting programs Parking Admin Infirmary room Emergency assistance unit Utility operation and maintenance module Security and surveillance module

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5. Propositional Ideas 5.2 B Intent and Programs v. Medical Square

Map 33 :- Propositional idea- Medical square

Intent : -

To ease the pedestrian movement in the high traffic congestion zone.

Redesigning the Trillium mall into a seamless public space rather than it being a monolithic pseudo public space.

Introducing an ecological habitat [marshes]for flood mitigation and to control the flow of the river.

Introducing a connection between these major marshes that is, a transit corridor to build a relationship between the city and the river.

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Medical sq.

Nag river Project

Multimedia zone Children activity

Landscape program

Café

Wastewater treatment

Pop up markets

Edge restoration

Redesigning the mall

Infiltration ponds Nature awareness

Supporting programs

Community led initiative zones

Traffic police kiosk

Plant nursery

Bike renting point

Pollinator park

Infirmary room

Migratory bird park

Emergency assistance unit

Floodable sunken courts

Utility operation and maintenance module

Floating wetlands

Security and surveillance module

Water taxi Climate change museum

Transit strategies

Habitat- information gallery

Reduce/restrict vehicular access

Habitat- wildlife tourism

Cycle trail

Eco mobility corridor

module

Bird research centre

Security and surveillance module

Supporting programs Feeding rooms Crosswalk art along the trail Resilience zone Souvenir store Bike renting zone Admin office Feedback kiosk Infirmary room Emergency assistance unit Utility operation and maintenance module Security and surveillance module

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5. Propositional Ideas 5.2 B Intent and Programs vi. Budhwaar Market, North Sakkardara

Map 34:- Propositional idea- Budhwaar market

Intent : -

Meeting the requirements of the existing functional spaces i.e the market and building a new student community hub.

Further merging these spaces which are separated by a boundary wall.

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Market

Student community hub

Farmers market- daily

Café

Waste management and segregation station

Library

Weekly market

Knowledge exchange unit Multimedia room

Supporting programs

Convention centre

Parking

Consultancy

Admin

Counselling

Storage

Computer room

student protest area

Auditorium

Infirmary room Emergency assistance unit Utility operation and maintenance module Security and surveillance module

Transit strategies Service road/public access Restricting vehicular access New single lane road to increase connectivity Module Security and surveillance module

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5. Propositional Ideas 5.2 C Transit Strategies

Map 35:- Propositional idea- Transit strategies

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There are some areas in our neighbourhood with importance of pedestrian access. Such areas include the Medical square, sitabuldi and the Budhwar market. Restricting vehicular access here could prove effective. A cycle trail is aid along the entire neighbourhood starting at the Dhantoli garden. It continues further and runs alongside the nag river which can be developed as a nature trail. The cycle train connects all the proposed projects together and is a good initiative for people to feel safe while riding cycle. It finishes at the medical square. To increase connectivity of the proposed ideas, new one way roads are proposed which bridges between the main roads and the proposed projects.

restricting vehicular access existing roads proposed s one way roads cycle trail new-one way roads newly proposed roads

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6 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

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● ●

“Nagpur.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Nagpur-India. Accessed 10 Sept. 2021.

Smartnet, https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/files/resources/nagpur_annexure.pdf. Accessed 25 Aug. 2021.

Nmcnagpur.Gov, https://www.nmcnagpur.gov.in/assets/250/2021/06/mediafiles/Final_2020_ESR_-_AK.pdf. Accessed 5 Aug. 2021.

Mapsofindia, https://www.mapsofindia.com/nagpur/ward-map.html. Accessed 15 July 2021.

Researchgate, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Land-use-land-cover-map-of-Nagpur-District_fig1_226237663.

Accessed 29 Aug. 2021.

“Welcome to Agriculture Produce Market Committee Nagpur.” Welcome to Agriculture Produce Market Committee Nagpur, https://www.apmcnagpur.com/english/aboutus.html. Accessed 13 Aug. 2021.

“History | District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | India.” District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | Nagpur Has Zero Mile Stone of India | India, https://nagpur.gov.in/history/. Accessed 12 Aug. 2021.

“Central Railway / Indian Railways Portal.” Central Railway / Indian Railways Portal, https://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/.

Accessed 13 Aug. 2021.

“Nagpur.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Nagpur-India. Accessed 13 Aug. 2021.

NAG RIVERFRONT REJUVENATION DETAIL PROJECT REPORT. NMC. Accessed 30 July 2021.

“Flora and Fauna.” Oaji.Net, http://oaji.net/articles/2017/736-1524687486.pdf. Accessed 5 Sept. 2021.

“Krishi.Icar.” Https://Krishi.Icar.Gov.in/Jspui/Bitstream/123456789/37783/1/9%20UFUG-Published.Pdf. Accessed 27 July 2021. https://www.nmcnagpur.gov.in/assets/250/2018/10/mediafiles/DPR_Nag_River_volume_III.pdf. Accessed 15 July 2021.

Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Nag River - Wikipedia.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 9 Sept. 2011, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nag_River.

Incredible India | Bor Wildlife Sanctuary. https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredible-india-v2/en/destinations/nagpur/bor-wildlife-sanctuary.html. Accessed 15 Aug. 2021.

“7 Wildlife Reserves and National Parks You Can Visit from Nagpur - Outlook Traveller.”

Https://Www.Outlookindia.Com/Outlooktraveller/, https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/69945/7-wildlife-reserves-and-national-parks-you-can-visit-f rom-nagpur. Accessed 21 July 2021.

“Top Tiger Reserves and Wildlife Sanctuaries near Nagpur for Tiger Safari.” Big Cats India - Customised Tiger Safari in India, 15 Apr. 2019, https://bigcatsindia.com/tiger-reserves-and-wildlife-sanctuaries-near-nagpur-for-tiger-safari/.

“Biodiversity.” Ijasrm.Com, http://ijasrm.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IJASRM_V4S3_1282_21_27.pdf. Accessed 2 Sept.

2021.

Sustainability of Mixed Use Neighbourhood.” Researchgate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282401703_Assessing_Sustainability_of_Mixed_Use_Neighbourhoods_through_ Residents’_Travel_Behaviour_and_Perception_The_Case_of_Nagpur_India. Accessed 2 Sept. 2021.

“Cotton Market: A Place for Traders and Freedom Fighters | Nagpur News - Times of India.” The Times of India, Times of India, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/cotton-market-a-place-for-traders-and-freedom-fighters/articleshow/221 31655.cms. Accessed 15 Aug. 2021.

“History | District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | India.” District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | Nagpur Has Zero Mile Stone of India | India, https://nagpur.gov.in/history/. Accessed 29 Aug. 2021.

“Impact of Urbanization on River and Its Surrounding Structures.” Www.Ijsr.Net, https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v7i8/ART2019530.pdf. Accessed 12 Aug. 2021.

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● ● ● ●

““Nagpur Development Plan.” NMRDA, http://www.nmrda.org/pdf/Metro_Region_DP.pdf. Accessed 4 Aug. 2021.

Siege of Nagpore - FIBIwiki.” FIBIwiki, https://wiki.fibis.org/w/Siege_of_Nagpore. Accessed 28 Aug. 2021.

History of Nagpur, Nagpur Municipal Corporation | Nagpur Municipal Corporation.” :: :: Nagpur Municipal Corporation | नागपूर महानगरपा लका, https://www.nmcnagpur.gov.in/history-of-nagpur1539608892. Accessed 2 Aug. 2021.

Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Nagpur Junction Railway Station - Wikipedia.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 22 Nov. 2008, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagpur_Junction_railway_station.

MAP NUMBER

SOURCE

AUTHOR

Map 1

“District Maps of Maharashtra.” Maps of India, https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/maharashtra/maharashtra.htm. Accessed 20 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 2

“Nagpur and Administrative Divisions.” Researchgate, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Location-of-Nagpur-and-administrative-divisions-zones-and-wards-of-Nagp ur-Municipal_fig1_337335397. Accessed 20 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 3

“Nagpur Climate: Average Temperature, Weather by Month, Nagpur Weather Averages - Climate-Data.Org.” Climate Data for Cities Worldwide - Climate-Data.Org, https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/maharashtra/nagpur-4790/. Accessed 25 July 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 4

“State Maps.” Survey of India, https://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/pages/state-maps. Accessed 29 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 5

“State Maps.” Survey of India, https://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/pages/state-maps. Accessed 29 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 6

“Geography & Climate | District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | India.” District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | Nagpur Has Zero Mile Stone of India | India, https://nagpur.gov.in/geography-climate/. Accessed 10 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 7

“Map of District | District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | India.” District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | Nagpur Has Zero Mile Stone of India | India, https://nagpur.gov.in/map-of-district/. Accessed 22 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 8

“Wards of Nagpur.” Researchgate, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Location-of-Nagpur-and-administrative-divisions-zones-and-wards-of-Nagp ur-Municipal_fig1_337335397. Accessed 27 July 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 9

“District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | Nagpur Has Zero Mile Stone of India | India.” District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | Nagpur Has Zero Mile Stone of India | India, https://nagpur.gov.in/. Accessed 3 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 10

“Metro Region DP.” NMRDA, http://www.nmrda.org/pdf/Metro_Region_DP.pdf. Accessed 5 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 11

“Nagpur Annexure.” Smartnet.Niua, https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/files/resources/nagpur_annexure.pdf.

Accessed 17 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 12

“NAG RIVERFRONT REJUVENATION DETAIL PROJECT REPORT.” Nmc.Gov.In, https://www.nmcnagpur.gov.in/assets/250/2018/10/mediafiles/DPR_Nag_River_volume_III.pdf. Accessed 15 July 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 13

“Land Cover Map.” Researchgate, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Land-use-land-cover-map-of-Nagpur-District_fig1_226237663. Accessed 5 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 14

“Map of District | District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | India.” District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | Nagpur Has Zero Mile Stone of India | India, https://nagpur.gov.in/map-of-district/. Accessed 22 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 15

“Nagpur Metro Map | Metro Line Map.” Metro Line Map, https://www.metrolinemap.com/metro/nagpur/. Accessed 14 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 16

“Google Earth.” Google Earth, https://earth.google.com/web/@0,0,0a,22251752.77375655d,35y,0h,0t,0r. Accessed 2 July 2021.

Nagpur Group

“Metro Region DP.” NMRDA, http://www.nmrda.org/pdf/Metro_Region_DP.pdf. Accessed 5 Aug. 2021.

Nagpur Group

Map 17 - 23

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