URBAN DESIGN || AURANGABAD || NEIGHBORHOOD STUDY || KRVIA SEM 7

AURANGABAD Urban Design Neighborhood Study

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. CONTEXT & ANALYSIS

context, statistics and relevant factual data placement of neighborhood

2. URBAN EXPANSION

a. Evolution of the city beyond the fort wall -organic -development of various sectors in the city -road networks - inter and intra city -railway network -infrastructure development -institutional buildings b. Evolution of the neighborhood -community based -shift in land use c. Areas of neighborhood -Shahganj -Madni chowk -Roshan gate -Noor gate 3. ELEMENTS OF HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURE

gates fort wall with bastion mills

4. URBAN PHENOMENON IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD

a. Housing typology located around fort walls -community based growth -incremental - slums -havelis -housing society b. Industrial/ Commercial landscape- market expansion - directing growth - Shift from primary to production based (secondary) activities - productive lanes - spaces with supporting role - supplementary activities c. Religious - Institutional built form -mosques -dargahs -madrasa

5. OBSERVATIONS & CONCLUSIONS

websites, maps, historians

6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

websites, maps, historians

APPENDIX topography & hydrology slums & nalas

1 CONTEXT AND ANALYSIS overview - entire city fortification neighborhood - placement , road networks

LARGER CONTEXT

BEGUMPURA Initially occupied by the mughals. precinct includes bibi-ka-maqbara

FIVE FORT WALLS: 1. Entire city - bigger fortification 2. Begampura -Market are precinct includes bibi-ka-maqbara

The city, originally known as Khadki, was founded by Malik Ambar in 1610. It was built along the Kham river near the Khadkeshwar mandir. Some of the earliest structures built are the Bhadkal gate and the Shahgunj market.

3. Kile Ark -lies at greater height - overlooks core city- has Zenana and Mardana palace

After the fall of the Nizam dynasty in 1633, the city came under Mughal rule. It was later renamed Aurangabad after it became the headquarters of Aurangzeb during his viceroyalty over the Deccan.

4. Navkhanda - for one of the wives 5. Baijipura- for one of the wives.

Various fortified precincts were built during these times.

The Nawkhanda Palace and shahgunj market dates back to the times of Malik Ambar. He also developed a successful aquaduct water system (Neher system Neher-e-Ambari) which gave a stable water supply to a population of 7 lakh people.

AURANGZEB

Bibi ka Maqbara

Soneri Mahal

Kile Ark

Himayat Bagh

BAIJIPURA

KILE ARK

-fortified area where workers used to reside here along with their families

-lies at greater height. overlooks core city and begumpura.

-has zenana mahal and places like dewaan-e-khas

*Base map source: Town planning office

MALIK AMBER

Navkhanda Palace

Jama Masjid

Bhadal gate

Panchakki

NEIGHBORHOOD

Located in the middle of the old and new parts of the city, these areas of study were chosen to draw a timeline of evolution with respect to geography, and to see the diversity in the neighborhoods. It shows the developments that started happening beyond the old fort walls. The area above Jalna Road ie Mondha, Shahgunj are the oldest part of the city.

The neighbourhood area includes: The historic Shahganj Masjid placed in the center with the clock tower being a landmark, the markets grew on all sides. It was among the oldest markets in the city, which still survives.

It has 3 of the historical gates: 2 from the bigger fortification wall- Roshan gate and Khas gate - a connection between the old city and the baijipura, and 1 from the smaller fortification wall of Baijipura- Noor gate.

Baijipura- is in this neighborhood where most of the working class people reside since old times, due to proximity to the market The Mondha is where the cotton mills were located in earlier times. Some of these mills are now repurposed into different warehouses and storage units.

2 URBAN EXPANSION a. Evolution of the city beyond the fort wall -organic -development of various sectors in the city -road networks - inter and intra city -railway network -infrastructure development -institutional buildings Evolution of the neighborhood -community based - demographic growth -shift in land use b. Areas of neighborhood -Shahganj -Mondha -Roshan gate -Madni chowk -Noor gate

EVOLUTION OF THE CITY

Municipal Council and Cantonment formed

1936

1960

MIDC developed in chikkalthana; city bus stand in shahaganj

CIDCO setup for development

1973

1975

Communites started forming housing colonies alongside the Jalna road

Transition from Municipal Coucil to Municipal Corporation

1980

1983

Bus stand in CIDCO came up

MIDC an Waluj wa

19

nd CIDCO as fomed

991

2003

CIDCO fringe area

Govt. of GoM appoints CIDCO for aurangabad fringe area as SPA

DMIC Shendra Bidkin industrial township envisioned

2012

2006

2009

Aurangabad Airport inaugurated

2016

ASCDCL incoporated -Round 2 Smart City mission challenge

AURIC was inaugurated

2019

1930 - 1940 The MIDC, CIDCO at Chikalthana was formed The Municipal Council was formed ; Cantonment was formed Coming up of the Chikalthana area, it was an opportunity for different jobs, an extension to the city, with respect to the old city. Lots of people shifted from agriculture and other primary activities to production based works in the MIDC areas.

MIDC - Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation CIDCO - City and Industrial Development Corporation

1936 - Municipality Council, Cantonment was formed 1956 - GMC Aurangabad 1958 - Establishment of Dr. BabaSaheb Ambedkar University (BAMU)

1960 - 1970 The MIDC, CIDCO at Chikalthana was formed Coming up of the Chikalthana area, it was an opportunity for different jobs, an extension to the city, with respect to the old city. Lots of people shifted from agriculture and other primary activities to production based works in the MIDC areas.

MIDC - Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation CIDCO - City and Industrial Development Corporation

1960s - Aurangabad and Marathwada region became a part of Maharashtra 1961-71 - MIDC developed industrial estate in Chikalthana - under Rafiq Zakeria - bus stand was in Shahgunj - SFS school set up on Jalna Road

1980 - 1990 1973 - CIDCO set up for development, Responsibility of new city given - Aurangabad district court established 1975 - Shivshakti colony, Mahesh Nagar, Surana Nagar, Indira Nagar started coming up

1980 - Aurangabad Housing and Area Development Board (AHADB) was formed 1982 - Municipality Council was elevated to the status of Municipal Corporation - City High Court - Aurangabad bench established 1983 - CIDCO Bus stand came up 1985 - Videocon established 1990 - MGM Hospital established, GoM strategised to improve tourism, lacked funding

2000 - 2010

2002 - Seven hills flyover completed in November 2003 - CIDCO fringe area -The IT sector promotion was initiated in Aurangabad since year 2003 along with the formation of HTPI office and IT park in Chikalthana in vicinity to Pune and Mumbai.

2004 - Railway Nizam rails were made broad gauged by Indian Railways 2005 -Airport phase 1 completed 2006 - GoM appoints CIDCO for Aurangabad Fringe Area as SPA on 3 Oct 2006 2008 - Airport phase 2 completed in Nov 2009- Airport innaugurated in March 2010 - Prozone Mall established

2011 - 2015

2011 - Divisional sports complex construction ended 2012 - DMIC -Shendra Bidkin indutrial township - major investment node 2015 - Kranti chowk / Mondha naka fly over completed

2016 - 2021

2016 - ASCDCL incorporated - Round 2 smart city mission challenge - INCLUSION OF AURANGABAD 2018 -Videocon stopped functioning 2019 -Smart Buses innaugurated - On 7 September 2019, the Aurangabad Industrial City (AURIC) was inaugurated 2021 - Solapur-Dhule highway open for public use

AREAS OF NEIGHBORHOOD

5 NOOR GATE

Noor gate comes under the baijipura precinct.

It’s mostly incremental housing colonies that have grown over the two decades and a few small scale industries that are adjacent to the housing areas. It has a strong industrial character.

1 SHAHGUNJ

3

1

4 2

2

MONDHA

Mill converted into warehouse

The production/ market area of the city since ancient times which still has the market structures in the vicinity.

5

3 MADNI CHOWK

Furniture market and old ginning mill

4 ROSHAN GATE

Roshan gate is one of the gates of the main city fort wall. The commercial landscape is made up of naan qalia eateries, chemist shops, general needs and sweet shops as well. This is like a connection between the old city and new.

Mostly known for the furniture shops and all other allied shops, in and around the chowk, the area has densely populated housing colonies branching in from the main road. The vast barren land that’s centrally located has an old standing ginning mill

3 ELEMENTS - Mills - Fort wall with bastions -Gates - Mosques - Markets

MILLS

Cotton ginning mills were built outside the main fort walls of the city in the 1900s. One such mill in its dilapidated state is found currently near the madni chowk. Similar mills are located near Mondha but some of these have been repurposed into warehouses. In 1889 a cotton-spinning and weaving mill was erected in Aurangabad city, which employed 700 people. With the opening of the Hyderabad-Godavari Valley Railways in the year 1900 several ginning factories were started.

BASTION AND FORT WALL REMAINS

The city walls are of moderate height (max 14 ft); and semi-circular bastions surmounted by towers occur at each flanking angle and at regular intervals along the works. The battlements are loopholed and lofty, and a few old honeycombed guns are on the towers at the gateways.

GATES The four principal entrances face the cardinal points, the Delhi gate on the north, the Jalna gate on the east, the Paithan gate on the south, and the Mecca gate on the west. Besides these, there are the Jaffar, Khirki, Barapul, Mahmud and Roshan gates.

Roshan gate elevation

The neighbourhood has Roshan gate, khas gate, and noor gate in its vicinity. of these, the khas gate has recently been demolished.

Of all the gates in Aurangabad, the Bhadkal gate has a specialityIt is the first structure to have been constructed in the columnarch method. It was after this that the method was also used in the Gol Gumbaz in bijapur. It was after this that the frame construction (column- beam structures) started being used in the building in Aurangabad.

Source: Dr. Sheikh Ramzan

4 URBAN PHENOMENON IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD a. Housing typology located around fort walls -community based growth -incremental - slums -havelis -housing society b. Industrial/ Commercial landscape- market expansion - directing growth - Shift from primary to production based (secondary) activities - productive lanes - spaces with supporting role - supplementary activities c. Religious - Institutional built form -mosques -dargahs -madrasa -jamatkhanas

COURTYARD HOUSING

courtyard

This

housing

typology

is

seen in old houses (50-60 year old), where the central courtyard plays a major part in bringing light and ventilation.

The house has brick wall with corrugated sheet for roof.

This house is owned by a single family where it is subdivided into small rooms with common toilets.

INCREMENTAL HOUSING (HORIZONTAL)

flour girni

The brick rooms of the house are 30 year old built up then the expansion happened towards the street. These expanded rooms are mostly for commercial purposes. Eg., girnis, garages, some small scale eatery etc. And these were built 15-20 years ago.

VERTICAL INCREMENTAL HOUSING The lower floor being constucted 15 years ago has plaster on its walls and the rooms are adjoining to the Noor gate bastion. The upper floor was constructed later and the rooms were givenn for rent. The users have created an opening in the bastion wall and the space is used as a terrace.

The houses in this area have been built after demolishing the fort wall.

first floor plan

VERTICAL INCREMENTAL

In vertical incremental housing the ground floor is built first and then as per the requirement upper floors are built. And so are the staircase built, the spaces beneath the staircase are used as storage spaces and every smallest parts are occupied

HOUSING

INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE 1

Madni Chowk to Roshan Gate

ROSHAN GATE

SHAHGUNJ

2 JINSI POLICE ST. 3

1

MADNI CHO

ECOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE The Industrial Revolution which started in 1733, England first cotton mill.

Colonial period Aurangabad saw its first cotton mill in the late 19th century.

Aurangabad, strategically positioned as a gateway to the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state, had all the favorable conditions for growing cotton. It has been a major silk and cotton textile production center through the ages.

Fusion of the British architecture amalgamated features like solid brick construction, flat and shallow pitched roofs and large windows, etc. These factory complexes, which were once the life line of the major population in Aurangabad, are now in dilapidated condition.

1

OWK

NOOR GATE

2

3

4

3

4

3

2

2 These are few shops adjacent to the old market place. They seem to be temporary structures made from G.I Sheets

(1) Dargah Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya Aurangabadi - 1750s (2)

(2) Shahganj Masjid - 1970

(1)

(3)

(3) Kali Masjid Nawabpura - 1692

Dargahs and Mosques The neighborhood being dominated majorly by Muslim community, we see quite a number of Masjids and Dargahs built. These religious institutes are built in different eras and have had their influence in shaping the neighborhood.

In the above Fig the areas hatched in yellow shows the markets developed along the routes connecting these religious institutes. These institutes hold a special place in the history and also at present play an important role in keeping the communities connected

Religious institutions: DARGAHS/MOSQUES 500-3000 sq.m • Located on the main bazaar streets in the old city • These institutes in the neighborhood had an influence in development of the bazaar roads • Surrounded by busy shops, food stalls, mech. stores, etc • All kind of people visit. These are a tourists attraction spots in itself

MOSQUES 50-100 sq.m • Mosques located mostly in inner residential streets • They are built in the vicinity of the residents • Often open whole day for all the people to come and pray throughout the day • Most of them are built recently

MADRASAS 100-500 sq.m • Madrasas are located in the in the inner streets within the residential areas • Mostly are part of a mosque with mosque on ground floor while madrasa on the upper floor • Are open 24/7 for people and specially students to come and study

Shahganj Masjid Shahganj Masjid was built around 1720 during the Nizam Asaf Jahis period. The mosque was built by Ivan Khan. It is built in the Indo-Saracenic style of Architecture The mosque is one a raised platform and has shops on three of the outer sides while the fourth side (north side) is

open and ascended by a flight of steps.

(a)

(c)

(b)

(d)

NORTH GATE

a) The mosque is one a raised platform and has shops on three of the outer sides while the fourth side (north side) is open and ascended by a flight of steps.

c)

Interior arcade spaces used for prayers

SOUTH GATE

b) The entrance is in the form of a pointed arch and two minarets.

d) Open Courtyard in front of the mosque is also used for praying during festivals. The courtyard in front contains 2 large cisterns

e) Shahganj masjid being at center of Shahganj market has had a large impact on keeping the oldest market, shahgunj market alive

Section through Courtyard

Section through Masjid

(2)

(1)

(1)

(5)

(4)

MARKETS

(4)

(5)

(3)

(3) (2)

(6)

(6)

COMMERCIAL LANDSCAPE

Bazaars.

There were 38 bazaars, named after the principal articles sold in them, and held in the streets leading to the several gateways. [The chief bazaars were Rang Mahal, Azamnagar, Dalai Bari, Taksal, Ram Ganj, Fakirwari, Shah Ganj, Khadim bazaar, Chauk Baldar, Shah bazaar, Urdu bazaar, Raja Rambaksh bazaar, Guru Ganj, Zuna bazaar, Gul mandi, Dal mandi, Shakar mandi, Chawal mandi.

This is the study of various typlogies of shops that we have observed along the street in the entire area of study. This is just to compare the scales of various maps.

The activities related to the shop and its surroundings has been detailed further.

1

2

3

4

5

At the Roshan Gate, that cater to the daily needs as well as the occasional community functions like weddings etc.

The cooking mostly happens along the road, on the chulha in huge cooking pots.

2

5

3

4 1

FURNITURE SHOPS

2

1

1 2

3

3

remove bg

Clock Tower T h e C l o c k To w e r i s a n i c o n i c h e r i t a g e s t r u c t u r e . T h e C l o c k To w e r i s p l a c e d at the center of Shahganj Market looking over the entire market towards the east while in the west it overlooks onto the Shahganj Masjid (another Historic monument in this neighbohood).

a a

a View from the interior of clock tower looking over the courtyard of the Shahganj Masjid

b Shahganj masjid being at center of Shahganj market has had a large impact on keeping the oldest market, shahgunj market

b

5 OBSERVATIONS & CONCLUSIONS General observations from the neighborhood and proposals

OBSERVATIONS Baijipura, a fortified precinct earlier, has lost its entire character due to demolition and recent developments (historical relevance lost).

The first housing society that came up outside the fort wall was the Takalkar Housing Society- formed by bus drivers and conductors during the 1970s We see a majority of the Muslim community in this area Currently, the streets are composed mostly of furniture shops and confectioneries, with a few hardware shops and medical stores.

Low-income sector housing in the internal parts, houses sharing walls with the old gates.

General observation has been a lack of public awareness of their heritage. This can be seen by the dilapidated condition in which the old Havelis and gates are. Availability of better options in the newer areas of the city has led to ignorance towards the old ones.

The observations from the site were 1. Unemployment of youth 2. Old unused mills that had great potential 3. Open plots of land with strategic locations but unutilized, 4. Male-dominated spaces making it difficult for women to approach public spaces 5. The general scarcity of good quality drinking water.

REVIVAL of the historic landscape and cultural identity of the old city and incorporating it into the new, conservation and adaptive reuse of monumental structures with additional activities like Qawwali singing, old literature utilizing the public library and historical archives, nature and ecology (improvement of water quality & waste management) REPURPOSING the unemployed youth and making skills development centers for the current working community; repurposing old unused mills and dilapidated warehouses within the urban fabric, along with redefining the land use to make the public realm (streets) more inclusive of all REDISCOVERING the forgotten fortification and local specialty (cuisine) by introducing a heritage trail with information centers, community kitchens, formal/informal reading spaces; redefining the lost market by improved connectivity and accessibility, thus, boosting the local economy

PROPOSITIONS

A few propositions within the neighborhood: Integration of street economies - mixed-use and mixed-income neighborhoods Skills Development Institute (which helps them combat unemployment during times of crisis and seasonal employment due to the specific jobs that they do) These co-working spaces become a means of improving the quality of locally produced products and meeting global standards.

Preservation of existing cultural identity, which is currently losing its value Providing different kinds of streets and thus breaking the monotony A community kitchen can be introduced ( looking at the situation during the pandemic) Sustainably re-using the old unused mills In the betterment of the quality of life - introducing recreational and gender-inclusive community-building activities (public library, historical archives, reading clubs, health awareness drives) that strengthen the sense of belonging and pride within the inhabitants Self-sustainable system of water supply Waste management - awareness of resident’s role in the community

BIBLIOGRAPHY Websites, Maps, Historians 1. Gazetteer of Nizams - aurangabad 2. Town planning office maps 3.Dr. Ramzan Sheikh - historian and well versed with the historical context 4. Google maps

*Base map source: Town planning office

APPENDIX Topography

Neighborhood Regions

Street Traffic

Street Networks

Compiled by Lalit Indapure 1829

lalit.indapure@krvia.ac.in

Shruti Rajmane 1861

shruti.rajmane@krvia.ac.in

Abhilasha Rajput 1862 abhilasha.rajput@krvia.ac.in

Ritika Somani 1876

ritika.somani@krvia.ac.in

(KRVIA Batch 2018-23)

SEMESTER 07- Urban Design Studio