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RUSSIAN DESIGN BEFORE 1917 As a notion (or movement), Russian design was born at the end of the 19th century, when some welleducated but not so noble or royalty individuals (bourgeois) started to create everyday objects for a living. Most of the time, for them, it was not the only professional direction. The market only had begun to evolve (comparing to jewelry, that was well developed). These professionals established a core of the local Art & Craft movement with two main creative centers — Abramtsevo and Talashkino. The main goal for both was to evaluate, interpret, and preserve national heritage. After the revolution of 1917, the activity of these centers was stopped. Most of the specialists have emigrated. Those who stayed and cooperated with a new government chose different (more corresponded to new reality) creative approaches. E t domus sua cui que est tutissimum refugium
