PACTx PHYSICAL ACTIVITY EXPERIENCE
COOPER PENN, KSHANIKA PATEL, TANUSHREE AGARWAL
SDES 704: APPLIED THEORY IN DESIGN | FALL 2018
CONTENTS TEAM PACTx
3
Our Journey Map
5
Interviews
PART 1: INTRODUCTION Problem Statement
Opportunity Statement Question Set
Research Matrices TIMELINE
PART 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Secondary Research Insights
Eras Map
Stakeholder Map
2 x 2 Matrix
Journey Map
Primary Research
Interview Protocol
4 6 7 8
9-11 12
13-14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
‘Day in a Life’ Activity
“How do you feel?” Activity
Quotes
PART 3: ANALYSIS & SYNTHESIS Affinitization
Key Learnings
Brainstorming Solutions
Premortem Exercise Empathy Map Personas
Design Criteria
PART 4: CONCEPTUALIZATION &
23-24
Concept 4- The Comfort Project
44
27
User Testing
46
25-26 28 29 30 31
32-34 35 36 37 38
USER TESTING
39-40
Concept 2- The Fun Initiative
42
Concept 1- Action Play
Concept 3- Active Rewards
41 43
Prototype Plan Insights
PART 5: FINAL SOLUTION Street Pact- Intro Segments Product
Features
Game Possibilities
Proposed Map App
Future Possibilities REFERENCES APPENDIX
45 47-50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
58-63 64 65
66-69
TEAM PACTx
TANUSHREE AGARWAL
KSHANIKA PATEL
COOPER PENN
“But what if....”
“What’s the better way of looking at this?”
“Let’s think big!”
MA Design Management Professional Diploma in Product Design
MA Design Management BDes. Knitwear Design
3
MA Design Management BFA Photography
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PART 1
INTRODUCTION The management of ideas is the cornerstone of reducing theory to informed practice within organizations. We explored current design practices and the role of theory that informs and guides the management of the design process. Project management topics include preparation of comprehensive design briefs, strategic mapping of the design process and contingency planning of the project throughout its execution. To begin the process, the team used mind-maps in order to distill various curiosities among team members in order to find commonality. Three areas of study were chosen to begin the search for possible problem areas within the industry, market, or social network. And so the journey of idea generation began... 4
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PACTx’s JOURNEY MAP
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PROBLEM STATEMENT Compared to our parents and grandparents, we are spending increasing amounts of times in environments that not only limit physical activity but require prolonged sitting (Hill, Wyatt, Reed, Peters, 2003). Too much time is spent in front of electronic devices and too little time going out into the community, connecting, and being physically active (Wells, 2014). This type of sedentary lifestyle is becoming a significant public health issue (Kandola, 2018), with physical inactivity being linked to diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, and also increased the risk of certain cancers (JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2014). In fact, less than 5% of adults participate in 30 minutes of physical activity each day (HHS Office, 2017); one in five US adults meets the CDC physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes of aerobic activity and 2 days of muscle strengthening activity per week.
We are not getting up and being active enough. Our lifestyle both in work and play is becoming more centered around inactivity. We turn to tech to solve our problems, but current offerings are not inexpensive as accuracy increases and study of these products are inconclusive as to their effectiveness or which component is actually having the biggest effects on the user’s behaviors and health (Sullivan and Lachman, 2017). One key loss of physical activity regiments is after leaving high school. 70 percent of young adults leaving the structured setting of high-school gave up sports altogether (Marsh, 2003).
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
OPPORTUNITY STATEMENT There is a behavior shift between the highly structured and required participation for physical activity in high school to the unstructured and lack of motivation when leaving that setting. With work and leisure activities becoming much more focused on the absence of physical movement, behavior and habits must be formed and instilled within people in an intentional way that makes the activity fun and less of a chore.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
How might we describe improvement as it relates to the physical activity experience?
How might we describe physical activity and its experience?
QUESTION SET
How might we use design thinking to improve the physical activity experience for young adults?
How might we define a young adult and what physical activity means to them?
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
1. How might we describe improvement as it relates to the physical activity experience?
1a. How might we describe improvement?
What does the design manager need to know?
Description of improvement and what improvement means to people.
Why is this information needed?
To understand our end goal and how we can add value?
What type of data will answer this question?
Where can this data be found?
What type of research and data collection methods are needed?
Qualitative data about interpretations of the term improvement and what it means to people.
Libraries Journals Articles Books Magazines
Literature review,
Qualitative data about improvements in physical activity currently to what possibilities the future holds.
Libraries Journals Articles Books Magazines In the field.
Literature review,
Primary research through interviews.
Who can the design manager contact for collecting this data?
When does this data need to be collected?
SCAD and other libraries, online research, subject matter experts.
What will the design manager learn from this data?
What might be missing? How might it be wrong?
What improvement means to people in the context of physical activity.
‘Improvement’ can be subjective and have varied opinions.
The areas that require attention and can have a design opportunity.
There might not be gaps in the system and we might fill in a not so relevant gap.
RESEARCH MATRICES 1b. How might be find the gaps that need improvements?
1c. What could be the impact of improving the physical activity experience?
What is missing in the area of physical activity? What level if improvement is required?
What is it that needs improvement in physical activity? What impact could it have on people?
To find opportunities and gaps.
To be able to explain the users the impact related to this improvement.
Qualitative data about the impact caused by any changes made.
Primary research through interviews and observations.
Literature review, Articles, In the field.
Primary research through interviews and observations.
SCAD and other libraries, online research, subject matter experts.
Online research, subject matter experts.
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Week 3 & 4 Fall 2018
The level of improvement that can be impactful to a large audience.
The impact could further complicate the process and have unintended consequences.
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
2. How might we describe physical activity and its experience?
2a. How might we describe physical activity?
2b. How might we describe the experience of physical activity?
2c. Why is the experience important to the act of physical activity?
What does the design manager need to know?
Description of physical activity and what it means to people.
Why is this information needed?
What type of data will answer this question?
To understand our market and how we can add value?
Qualitative and quantitative data about interpretations of the term physical activity and what it means to people.
Libraries Journals Articles Books Magazines People/Users
Libraries Journals Articles Books Magazines In the field People/Users.
What the experience represents to the user of physical activity?
To understand the affect of the experience on people being physically active.
Qualitative and quantitative data.
What is the relationship of the experience to the activity and what makes it important?
To understand the benefit of a good experience and its relation to increased physical activity.
Qualitative data about the experience related to physical activity.
Where can this data be found?
What type of research and data collection methods are needed?
Literature review, Primary research through interviews.
Literature review, Primary research through interviews and observations.
Literature review, Articles, In the field.
Primary research through interviews and observations.
Who can the design manager contact for collecting this data?
What will the design manager learn from this data?
What might be missing? How might it be wrong?
SCAD and other libraries, online research, subject matter experts.
What physical activity means to people.
Physical activity may change in scope and need for society standards.
SCAD and other libraries, online research, subject matter experts.
What role the experience plays in being physically active.
Very subjective. Trends could be disruptive to the research or can be missed.
What is most important to the user when doing physical activities.
Subjective. Market changes can be very volatile.
Week 3 & 4 Fall 2018
Online research, subject matter experts, students.
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When does this data need to be collected?
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
3. How might we define a young adult and what physical activity means to them?
3a. How might we define a young adult?
3b. How might we understand the relevance of physical activity to a young adult?
What does the design manager need to know?
Description of young adult.
How much physical activity has an affect on a young adult?
Why is this information needed?
What type of data will answer this question?
Where can this data be found?
What type of research and data collection methods are needed?
Who can the design manager contact for collecting this data?
To understand our user group?
Quantitative data on age groups and life milestones.
Libraries Journals Articles Books Magazines
Literature review, secondary research.
SCAD and other libraries, online research, subject matter experts.
To find and understand the gap in knowledge about the importance of physical activity among young adults.
Quantitative data. Primary research.
In the field speaking to target audience.
Primary research through interviews and observations.
SCAD and other students in Savannah, GA.
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When does this data need to be collected?
Week 3 & 4 Fall 2018
What will the design manager learn from this data?
What might be missing? How might it be wrong?
What type of person fills the category of young adult, what their demographic looks like and what they might need most.
The young adult bracket might change over time. Can be considered subjective.
How important physical activity is to the young adult population.
Young adults not currently enrolled in college.
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
TIMELINE Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Secondary Research - Problem Statement - Opportunity Statement - Umbrella Question
Primary Research - Observation - Interviews - User participation
Frame Insights - AfďŹ nity Diagram - Sketch Concepts - Maps
Synthesis
- Premortem - Insigths and Solutions - Persona & Empathy Map
Final Solution
- Final Sketches - Prototype Validation Plan - User Testing
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PART 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY We chose methods to identify, process, and analyze information to organize and apply to various segments of the study in order to best structure the demands of the project. Before beginning to speak directly to the users, it was important to first learn about the area of study from previous written articles done by subject matter experts. This gave the framework and helped create the basis for the problem and opportunity statement.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
RESEARCH METHODS 1. Literature Review (Secondary Research) 2. In-person Interviews
• Questionnaire
• ‘Day in a Life’ Activity
• “How do you feel?” Activity
• Five Why’s
STAKEHOLDER CATEGORY
COLLEGE STUDENTS
INDIVIDUAL STAKEHOLDERS
IN-PERSON INTERVIEWS
OBSERVATION
FRESHMEN
3
2
OTHER
3
2
ON SITE
3
2
FREELANCERS
2
2
TRAINERS
2
2
OTHER
2
DATA COLLECTION METHODS 1. Audio Recording 2. Note-Taking
WORKING ADULTS
3. Photographs
SITE VISITS
CAMPUS PARKS CAFES HOME GYM
WORKPLACES HOME PARKS CAFES
ANALYSIS METHODS 1. Affinity Diagramming 2. Sketching Concepts 3. Premortem
GYM STAFF
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GYMS
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
SECONDARY RESEARCH Subject matter experts will often have a plethora of information surrounding the issue being studied, if not directly addressing it. By looking at what has already been documented, data can be disseminated and analyzed to best understand how the environment is currently behaving and to start locating the user groups needed to begin primary research.
IMAGE SOURCE: fitasaphysio.com
This research was focused on the area of physical activity which is broad in scope regarding what is considered physical activity, how it relates to health and happiness, behavior change, and motivations or influence.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INSIGHTS
70% students stop playing sports after leaving school.
Gym encourages you to be self obsessed and critical.
In high school, students are forced to take P.E. While college students make decisions for themselves.
Exercise improves your mood and gives you an improved sense of well-being.
Tech has the potential to facilitate long term behavior change if used correctly.
We are spending increased amounts of time in environments that limit our physical activity.
Accuracy in current tech is low, however the accurate ones are more expensive.
Less than 5% of the adults participate in 30mins of physical activity each day.
Health risks caused by sedentarism and dangers of sitting can be prevented simply by moving more during the day.
Current public health recommendations propose engaging in at least 150mins of activity per week.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
ERAS MAP
Physical activities goals and requirements have changed drastically throughout history, and the ERAS map gave us a good account of those tendencies and trends over a long period of time.
Upto 10,000 BC Early Man “move for your life.”
10,000 BC - 8,000 BC Farmers “crop culture.”
4000 BC - 476 AD Ancient Time “prepared for war.”
5th - 15th Century Middle Ages “mind over body”
FORM OF ACTIVITY
Running, walking, balancing, jumping, crawling, climbing, lifting, carrying, throwing, catching, fighting and also dancing to celebrate full bellies.
Repetitive movements. simpler forms of climbing, running, balancing, jumping.
Structured and goal orientedwalking, running, jumping, crawling, climbing, lifting, throwing, catching, unarmed fighting and weapons training.
Only nobles and mercenaries underwent physical training for military service. Rest of the people were peasants doing hard labor.
Physical exercises.
ENVIRONMENT
Harsh- full of natural and human obstacles and enemies.
Farms.
Rising civilizations and falling through war and conquest.
Chaotic Period- Succession of kingdoms and empires, waves of barbarian invasions, devastating plagues.
People becoming more knowledgeable and sharing information about importance of physical education.
HABITS/ LIFESTYLE
Practical demands- locomotion, defence, tool manipulation, hunting and gathering food.
Growing food and raising cattle meant hard labor.
Embraced physical training as a philosophical idea and essential part of complete education. “art de vivre.”
Either train for military or work hard in fields using rudimentary tools.
TECHNOLOGY/ OBJECTS
Rocks, trees, natural material, hunted animals.
DRIVERS/ INFLUENCERS
Necessity-driven and functional practices such as gathering food, clothes, fighting predators.
CULTURE
Daily and instinctive. A part of their everyday life.
1400 - 1600 Renaissance Era “fresh start”
Imposed training on boys and men to prepare for battle.
No thought given to physical activity.
Rising culture of sports. Ancient Greeks created first Olympic games. Early sports were related to movements needed for war.
Christianity education- body was seen as sinful and unimportant – it was a man’s soul that was his true essence.
Wrestling, running, riding, fencing, vaulting and dancing.
1800 Gymnastics is introduced Artistic Gymnastics is introduced. Jahn advocates non-artistic traditional, natural movements like running, balancing, jumping, climbing.
Gymnasium spaces.
Staying healthy, fit and ready to serve the battle became a point of civic duty and pride.
Gymnastics became a part of physical education.
More flexible school uniforms for comfortable movement. Equipment such as ropes, ladders and weights.
Pommel horse, horizontal and parallel bars, gymnastic rings
In 1420, an Italian humanist and modern educators placed a special emphasis on P.E, which was followed by others writing books about exercise.
The Industrial revolution led to production moving away from manual to machine-based. Physical education became a part of educational curriculum.
Friedrich Jahn’s gymnastics system- aimed to restore people’s physical and moral strength.
Open interest in the body, anatomy, biology, health and physical education.
People became sedentary and new movement for intentional physical exercise arose.
Uneven terrains, heavy objects, weapons
Daily chores and maintaining farms and animals.
1700s The Old Times “intentional physical exercise”
Gymnasiums start to open every where, and training extends to everyone eventually. Fitness culture rooted to people’snational identity.
1800s - 1900s Comes to America
20th Century Fitness Equipment
21st Century Fitness today
Callisthenics performed to music.
Callisthenics performed to music.
Various types of workouts.
Gymnasiums, training centres.
Exercise Clubs.
Several exercise clubs, gyms, training centres around every corner.
Gymnastics became a part of physical education.
Even with the plethora of health and fitness, everyone is very sedentary and out-of-shape.
Fitness equipment
Fitness videos, Gadgets- Wii Fit, Power wristbands, Home gyms, Sauna suits, Loads of new equipment.
Fitness journals- Physical exercise and strength training are fashionable.
Appearance- To look fit.
Thriving “fitness” industry. Minimalist lifestyle based on time in nature, daily vigorous exercise, and no alcohol, tea, coffee, white bread.
People are aware of heath and fitness but leading sedentary lifestyles due to lack of motivation.
Catharine Beecher- one of the first pioneers to create awareness. Books that quote “without PE programs people would be fat, deformed and clumsy. European Gymnastics culture comes to the US.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
2 x 2 MATRIX
High Cost
A
Fitn
Gym
a arti l Ar
ts
M
es ss Zumba
ayaking
K
Fitbit th Tra ng
Stre
ng ini
Yoga
Active
immin Sw
e om
Fitn
ng
g
rdeni Ga
Sports
pen Gy O
at ess H
Passive
ms Dance
Biking
Hiking D
B
ller
V
y St ab ro
ise erc
erobics
ing
Walk og
o ide Ex
A
We were most interested in the passive nature of physical activity which was not too high on the cost scale.
Wii
le Wa pp
C ess la
tch
The matrices allow for a better understanding of the environment in which physical activity is activated. It visually represents areas of saturation and opportunity among different aspects dependent on the X and Y axis. These opportunity areas could be ripe for new products, systems, or solutions, but points of interest could also be reworked and moved into areas of opportunity.
Sailing
r ine
Per
nal Tra so
Chores
g
Walkin
Sex
Low Cost
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
STAKEHOLDER MAP
Pool Sidewalk
Visualizing the stakeholders within a systems allows for the creation and focus of finding the users available for further study. We placed young adults in the center of our project as primary stakeholders. Secondary and Tertiary stakeholders constituted various direct influencers and other possible connections respectively. Breaking apart young adults, and visualizing the secondary proponents within the system gave us a clearer idea of our target audience for research.
Park
Street
Running Path Gym
Playground Workspace Sportcenter
Personal Trainer Gym Owner
Gym Staff
Fitness Inuencer Spouse
Nike
College Students High School Student
Energy Drinks
Freshman
Underarmour
YOUNG ADULTS
Freelancer Unmotivated People
Pets
Spouse Teachers Classmates
Working Adults
Colleges High School
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY
Colleagues Family
College Resources Society
Champs
Employers Friends
Lulu Lemon
Professors Community
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
With the key stakeholders chosen, working towards understanding how they fit into the system and what that looks like can be seen through journey maps.
JOURNEY MAP
JOU R
OF A WO P RK A M
DULT GA IN
T EN UD
AP OF A M ST EY N
JOURN EY
We utilized two busy young adults, one in school and one working adult, to see the key differences and overlaps to begin asking questions about the higher points of activity and where activity could also be activated.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PRIMARY RESEARCH It is important to gather the secondary research leading up to this point in order to focus all the energy on the right people and to ask the right questions. Now that the industry, environment, and importantly the user have been defined, the project moves into the user data gathering stage, also known as primary research. This is a key moment in the research phase that is often cyclical in nature, constantly analyzing and reviewing how the information can be best utilized in the following phases of the process.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INTERVIEW PROTOCOL Asking the right questions is key to gathering the best data for analysis. Without this, data can become overwhelming and chaotic, leading to failed understanding or just a lot of time wasted. Two main methods which are discussed in the following sections were utilized with the target users in order to stimulate conversation and frame the questions for understanding. These methods helped frame the context of the larger question and helped steer the interviews in productive ways during the interaction. QUESTIONS FOR YOUNG ADULTS • How would you describe physical activity? • How does it make you feel • Are you involved in any physical activity? How often do you do it? • What are your motivation/hindrances Why? Why? • What type of fitness technology do you use? (If yes) How often do you utilize this technology? In what way do you utilize the technology? (Tracking, reminders) How does it affect your participation in physical activity? • How does outside influence affect your decisions on being physically active? (If influenced) Explain how this effect is positive or negative. (If not influenced) Could influence help you be more active? • How does proximity affect your participation in physical activities?
QUESTIONS FOR TRAINERS • Walk us through the process of working with your clients. • How do encourage physical activity with your clients? • What technology do you use in the process? How often do you utilize it? • In what way do you utilize the technology? (Tracking, reminders) • How much effort do you make in holding your clients to their goals? • What kind of goals do they have?
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
ACTIVITY
PEOPLE
OBJECTS
‘DAY IN A LIFE’ ACTIVITY
ENVIRONMENT
By using icons and a timeline structure, the user was able to quickly and simply describe a day in their life. We offered prompts and asked about key points during their day which led to further elaboration on the specific point in time. In this way, they had a visual context while answering more perplexing questions which lead to in depth conversations and subsequently better data points.
• Looking at this map, where do you think you are most physically active during your day? • How much time do you think you spend being active, daily? • Who and what in this map influence these physical activities?
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
ARCHIE
ANDREW
COLLIN
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
“HOW DO YOU FEEL?” ACTIVITY This was a quick activity we facilitated for our users after having described a day in the life that allowed them to express emotion towards certain activities. This allowed for discussions to dig deeper into the underlying reasons surrounding physical activity as it relates to the user’s life.
• Why did you choose the emoticons that you did? What is the association? 25
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
COLLIN
TOTO
THOMAS
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INTERVIEWS Having primed the users sufficiently using the previous methods, any questions left unanswered were then asked in a formal interview session. This gave the user a chance to speak more elaborately on the overarching theme of physical activity, now having a better understanding of the broad nature to which it exists.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
QUOTES
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PART 3
ANALYSIS & SYNTHESIS With all the data collected, the next phase of the project was analyzing and moving towards understanding this data. This process distilled insights from mass amounts of various data points, finding commonality and underlying themes that suggest solutions to the original problem statement. Those insights are then used to synthesize ideas for solutions, personas that frame the users, and the design criteria.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
AFFINITIZATION This process of analysis distills a large amount of data garnered from secondary and primary research, into small data points, and organized onto sticky notes. By grouping the data points, insights begin to emerge from the information leading to understanding and empathy.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
KEY LEARNINGS EMOTIONAL RESPONSES
LIFESTYLE
AWARENESS
INFLUENCERS
MILESTONES
MOTIVATIONS
Sedentary lifestyles are becoming a norm
Physical activity is encouraged but not mandated
People get influenced by what they see and hear
Major life changes affect my physical activity level
People motivate people
Physical activity is blissful
Physical activity should be fun
People lose interest quickly
People are physically active but they don’t know it
Creating early habits solidifies a person’s behaviour
A competitive community environment makes physical activity enjoyable
People fear judgement when exercising
Physical activity can be a burden
Time of the day influences physical activity
External influences and environments makes one active
DECISION MAKING
People make time for activities they want to do
Incentives + Rewards encourage physical activity 31
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
Community encourages physical activity.
BRAINSTORMING SOLUTIONS Once insights are distilled, solutions often begin to take shape amongst team members. One way to begin the conversation is to allow for visualization of these ideas. In this case, sketches of various ideas were created and organized amongst the insights. These were later used to develop concepts for delivery.
Proximity and time gives the opportunity to be physically active.
Gamification of physical activity excites people.
Busy schedule affects my ability to be physically active. I prefer working out alone because I don’t want to be judged.
I hate taking the stairs.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
There is a recommended amount of time to be spent on physical activity.
New geographical location and climate affected my routine
Cultural & tradition influences my behaviour in being active
Being active reduces my stress.
Physical activity is more enjoyable when done with friends. I prefer running outside, not on a treadmill.
I find the time to play video games. 33
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
Sitting is a major part of my life
I am aware of the pain caused by exercise but it feels like good pain.
I hate sweating after doing any physical activity.
The earlier I develop active habits, the more it becomes my routine.
Dancing is a fun physical activity
Incentives are encouraging.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
It was a cool idea but i just stopped using it (gimmicky) It worked so i stopped using it
Shouldn’t be too expensive for majority or too cheap
Shouldn’t have time constraints
Don’t have a magnet factor
Increase longevity
Right price, Right quality
Always available
Honest and holistic
PRE-MORTEM EXERCISE The few ideas agreed on for further exploration were then subjected to the idea of them failing within the market upon release. This allows for quick refinement having worked through many possible issues with the product. It is an easy way to avoid overlooking simple reasoning for user decisions or even internal barriers such as engineering limitations. The purple boxes contain the key insights and highlight the refinements we needed to keep in mind while further exploring our solutions.
People should be self-motivated to use it instead of it being forced
It is just like any other app which I don’t use either
I am not comfortable using this product/ service
Laziness won’t go away. It is easy to be lazy.
I am fine and don’t need physical activity to be healthy
It is difficult to instil/ force a habit among people
There are too many apps out there and people won’t use it if they don’t want to
Not many people find it fun/ makes them happy
People don’t want something like this and want to be lazy
I don’t need to be physically active since most jobs don’t require it
I refuse to be told what i have to do (regulation)
Expresses importance of physical activity
A part of everyday life (easy to incorporate in a routine)
Not an app (Unique)
Should be fun
Engage directly with humans
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
• I enjoy bring outside. • I am conscious about how I look. • Fitness tech is not very motivating. • I don’t like sweating but if it is fun then I don’t mind it. • I like walking as it makes me more social. • I have time to play video games.
THINK & FEEL?
EMPATHY MAP Understanding the user has been a key component to all of the process leading up to this point, and then it was time to create the personas that will formalize exactly who is/are the project’s main target customer(s). With all the information and understanding garnered through the research, an empathy map is a quick way of understanding exactly what a user might think, feel, hear, and see as well as what they gain and where their pain points might be. This data was further used to create the personas.
• Family and friends play an influential role in motivating people. • Other people motivate my needs to be active.
HEAR?
SEE
• Other people working out makes me motivated. • Dancing is a part of my culture. • I grew up with an active family. • I look up to people on social media. • I love exploring new places.
SAY & DO? • I enjoy bring outside. • I am conscious about how I look. • Fitness tech is not very motivating. • I don’t like sweating but if it is fun then I don’t mind it. • I like walking as it makes me more social. • I have time to play video games.
PAIN
• Proximity/distance affects my ability to be physically active. • I hate taking the stairs. • I have to carry extra stuff in my bag when I have to go to the gym.
GAIN
• I love competition as it makes me do more than usual. • I feel great after I am done working out. • I like working out with friends. • There are gyms close to where I live.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PERSONAS Two different personas were built to represent the target audience after building the empathy map while utilizing the insights gained from all of the user testing and secondary research. Loner Lira came from key insights regarding fitness habits and needs primarily surrounding of self-motivation and personal tranquility. Jovial Joseph was built on a playful and energetic nature that was often amplified by social engagement.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
H T AVE S U M
d,
38
VE HA
D
te
UL
HA
VE
y eg ra
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These three categories helped us organize and prioritize the design process moving forward.
NICE
At the end of synthesis comes the blueprint for all solution based design. This is a framework for how the final product should behave within the environment, how it should function, feels, look, and most importantly, alleviate the problem.
t ili t a b nt un h I Acco , Tec r Fitness Tracke
DESIGN CRITERIA
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PART 4
CONCEPTUALIZATION & USER TESTING The design criteria makes the process of conceptualization highly focused. A mindset is created from all of the research and now comes the solution building ideas. At this point everything is narrowed down into a few key ideas that will eventually lead to a final solution. Before finalizing the concept there was another cyclical process of testing and reworking. This testing was critical to the success of the product in order to iron out features and fix looming issues that may have been overlooked. There is a lot of value in having outside input on a project that a team has been so close to.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INSIGHTS Competition gets me motivated.
Once I left high school, I became less active.
Physical activity is more enjoyable when done with friends.
Dancing is a fun physical activity.
I find the time to play video games.
Proximity and time gives the opportunity to be physically active.
CONCEPT 1 ACTION PLAY • Arcade meets workout • Integrated system in institutions • Features: 1. Various workout based games/activities created especially by trainers 2. Competition factor due to high scores 3. Social: Collaborate with friends 4. Fun and interactive • Connects with app- calorie count, heart beat monitor etc. • Technology: Kinect and large screens
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INSIGHTS Community encourages physical activity.
Being active reduces my stress.
I do certain activities (walking, gardening) which make me passively active.
Dancing is a fun physical activity.
I hate taking the stairs.
Gamification of physical activity excites people.
CONCEPT 2 THE FUN INITIATIVE • Public space integrated installations • Initiatives such as: 1. Hopscotch stickers 2. Follow footsteps dance routine 3. Boxing balloon 4. Rope hopping 5. Musical Stairs 6. Murals • Motivational rewards • Physical Activity prompts • Encourage social behavior 42
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INSIGHTS
Incentives are encouraging.
I am encouraged to be socially active by social media and advertising.
There is a recommended amount of time to be spent on physical activity.
Community encourages physical activity.
CONCEPT 3 ACTIVE REWARDS • Track physical activity to earn points • “Don’t just count your steps” • Points redeemable for stores such as Kroger (or other coupons) • Kroger benefits from marketing • Daily Deals! • AR integrated GPS to identify distance in terms of number of points. For eg. Walk till Point B and earn x points
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INSIGHTS
I hate taking the stairs.
Physical activity makes me sweat which makes me uncomfortable.
Physical activity can be a burden.
CONCEPT 4 THE COMFORT PROJECT • Febreeze spray over doors • Body drying stations in the bathrooms • Helps feel fresh after the gym in seconds • Removes the need for carrying extra clothes everytime a physical activity is performed
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
MATERIALS REQUIRED
• Masking Tape- 3 to 4 colors • Basket
• Signage (Try me!) LOCATION
• Forsyth Park
PROTOTYPE PLAN HIPPITY HOP Utilizing a few aspects from various concepts described previously, a prototype was built using rudimentary tools to quickly setup and breakdown while also giving the key feedback required by the system. Our prototype was based around the idea of providing physical activity spaces to people anywhere and everywhere. For user testing, we chose to create a hopscotch on a sidewalk in Forsyth Park, Savannah GA. This helps save money in the long run and gaining a better understanding of the driving forces people have for why a system works or does not.
REWARDS
• Nutrition Bars QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Why did you choose to participate? 2. What would encourage you to continue doing this activity? 3. On a scale of 1 to 10 • How enjoyable is it? • How tiring is it? • How time consuming is it? • How comfortable is it?
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
USER TESTING With a prototype built and ready to test, placing it within the environment and observing how people such as our personas Joseph and Lira would interact with it is the first step to understanding if it was useful. This was important to do early in the process so flaws could be observed as quickly as possible and reworked on for a more efficient system. We setup our prototype in the park and decided to observe if people willingly interacted with it. As the user testing session went on, we spoke to people who performed the activity to gain insights on why they did it, and people who passed by to understand what made them not want to interact with the prototype.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INSIGHTS Why did you choose to participate?
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INSIGHTS What would encourage you to continue this activity?
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INSIGHTS Is it enjoyable?
Is it time consuming?
100
100
80
80
93%
62% 60
60
40
40
35%
20
20 7%
3% 0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
INSIGHTS Is it tiring?
Is it time comfortable?
100
80
100
78%
80 66%
60
60
40
40 26%
20
20
17%
8%
5% 0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
50
4
5
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PART 5
FINAL SOLUTION User testing makes the selection process very clear and understandable. After condensing the information into key insights and refining our prototype, a decision on the final product was made and it was time to pitch the concept to our peers and professors.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
STREET PACT- BRAND INTRO Street Pact is a way for a city, in this case the city of Savannah to encourage physical activity among anyone who walks down the street. At the core of the product lies the idea of fun and often nostalgia. Street Pact does not force anyone to sign-up to participate, but encourages the users to become a member of the initiative to unlock numerous perks associated with tracking progress and even receiving rewards for participation. Street Pact is a passive way to burn some calories without actively perceiving it as a rigorous workout. 52
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
APP
SEGMENTS The product is built into the sidewalks across a city. It is integrated into a city’s initiative towards a more healthier and active community. This system would be supported by a mobile app that would not only direct participants to the activities but also track progress and reward them.
CITY INITIATIVE
PRODUCT
With the right placement within the city and partnerships built with businesses, the initiative could spark large scale activity, even pushing people to less frequented areas which ripe for growth.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PRODUCT
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
LED LIGHTS
PRESSURE SENSITIVE
FEEDBACK SOUNDS
MOBILE APP
REWARDS
HIGH SCORES
GPS
DAILY CHALLENGES
SPONSORS
FEATURES The tiles offer direct visual feedback when interacted with. Lights and sounds give the participant cues to success and just fun jingles for a rewarding effect. Given the amount of lights within the system, various games can be played in a single section. This can all be done without any demands from the user. They have the option to download the app, but it is not mandatory to use the product. The app however provides a slew of varied features that increase the experience and have long lasting effects. The most notable in using the app is the reward system that we hope will incentivize people to continue participating in Street Pact activities over a long period of time.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
GAME POSSIBILITIES Though only a few options were tested, the application of possible games with Street Pact is limitless. Even stringing together various touch points within the area could see people creating large scale obstacle courses across the city block, or even integrating the system into marathons and other city-wide activities.
HOP SCOTCH
FOLLOW A PATH
HOP ALL THE WAY
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WHACK-A-MOLE
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
PROPOSED MAP The idea is to start in a small concentrated area with highly trafficked sidewalks to introduce the community to the project in Savannah,GA. This is easily scalable and could even be sponsored by local businesses in a certain location.
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
APP The mobile app is a guide and a resource for participating. Though not mandatory, use of the app will provide the users with better options and allow them to explore the possibilities available through Street Pact. If they decides to sign up and create a profile, the user will be able to utilize the full potential of the system. Now the users can not only track their progress, but they can earn reward coupons to various businesses within the city, and even save some money on their utilities!
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
App loads with a splash screen
First time user is prompted to access location services
User views StreetPact locations near them 59
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
User gets details of the Street Pact activity they selected
User gets direction for the selected activity
Once user reaches location, prompt appears 60
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
After activity is performed on smart tiles, user gains points
User has an option to sign up to utilize the collected points
During sign up, user selects preferred brands for discounts 61
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
App home page for user to view daily progress
Profile page allows user to edit personal information
Report page allows user to view historical data 62
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
Prompts to encourage user to reach a goal
Prompts notifying user about coupons earned
GPS based prompts about Street Pact activities 63
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
FUTURE POSSIBILITIES Where can all this go? Given the advancement in VR and AR technology, the system could eventually be an integrated process through a headset, smartphone, or other technology that gives the user images on reality visuals. Even outside of the VR/AR realm is the integration of displays built directly into the sidewalks and walls. Big ideas would suggest integration into the urban development process, building cities with the system in place from inception. For the near future however, it is about building partnerships with city governments and local businesses to support the initiative in a way that promotes growth and influences individuals to participate. Maybe the next time you are walking down the street you will see Street Pact and find the playfulness your forgot you had. 64
PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
REFERENCES HHS Office, & Council on Sports. (2017, January 26). Facts & Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/resource-center/facts-and-statistics/index.html Kandola, A. (2018, August 29). Sedentary lifestyle: Effects, solutions, and statistics. Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322910.php Marsh, B. (2003, November 04). Kids quit sport after school. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-201302/Kids-quit-sport-school.html Owen, N., Sparling, P. B., Healy, G. N., Dunstan, D. W., & Matthews, C. E. (2010, December). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996155/#R1 Sedentary behavior increases the risk of certain cancers, JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 106, Issue 7. (2014, July 1). Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/jnci/ article/106/7/dju206/1010488 Wells, C. (2014, September 18). A Sedentary Lifestyle Will Harm Millennials. Retrieved from https://blogs.wsj.com/experts/2014/09/18/a-sedentary-lifestyle-will-harm-millennials/ Nauert, R. (2015, October 6). Stress and Culture Influence Exercise Habits. Retrirved from https://psychcentral.com/news/2009/05/29/stress-and-culture-influence-exercise-habits/6180.html Hill, A. (2003, October 25). Too much too young? Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2003/oct/26/health.lifeandhealth2 University of Pennsylvania Annenberg School for Communication. (2015, October 7). Social networks can motivate people to exercise more: Compared to motivational messaging, the social influence of online peers proved more effective in improving exercise habits.. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 14, 2018 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151007110738.htm Manella, M. (2016, February 17). Here’s an incentive that really makes people exercise more. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2016/02/17/health/financial-incentive-exercise-goals/index.html Aldana, S. (2018, September 26). Wellness Program Incentive Ideas from the Best Corporate Wellness Programs. Retrieved from https://www.wellsteps.com/blog/2018/01/02/wellness-programincentive-ideas/ Yang, S. (n.d.) This will inspire to go to the gym more often. Retrieved from https://www.realsimple.com/health/fitness-exercise/money-incentive-exercise Peelor, A. (2016, September 6). Study finds drop in students’ exercise habits after high school. Retrirved from https://dailyfreepress.com/blog/2016/09/06/study-finds-drop-in-students-exercisehabits-after-high-school/
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
APPENDIX
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
JULIANA
OTHER ‘DAY IN A LIFE’ MAPS THOMAS
TOTO
HUGO
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
OTHER “HOW DO YOU FEEL?” MAPS
ARCHIE
ANDREW
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah
CONSENT FORMS
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PACTx | Applied Theory in Design | Fall 2018 | SCAD Savannah