CSMCONNECT http://science.kennesaw.edu
ISSUE 07
Spring / 2016
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS BIANNUAL NEWSLETTER
ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
MATHEMATICS
PHYSICS
STATISTICS AND ANALYTICAL SCIENCES
CSMConnect is the College of Science and Mathematics (CSM) biannual newsletter designed to keep you informed of the latest activities and developments going on in the college. CSM is soaring into the next level of national prominence through cutting-edge research. The College is active in local and international scientific communities and promotes innovation in teaching. CSM values the networks developed with partners on and off campus. You are important in our network of partners.
THE ISLAND OF STABILITY By Robert Godlewski & Jennifer Hafer, University Relations
IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements
1 1
18 2
He
H
helium
hydrogen [1.007, 1.009]
3
2
Be beryllium
[6.938, 6.997]
atomic number
4
Li lithium
13
Key:
5
Symbol name standard atomic weight
9.012
14 6
15 7
16 8
17
4.003
9
10
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
boron
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
fluorine
neon
[10.80, 10.83]
[12.00, 12.02]
[14.00, 14.01]
[15.99, 16.00]
19.00
20.18
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
sodium
magnesium
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
phosphorus
sulfur
chlorine
argon
[24.30, 24.31]
4
silicon
22.99
3
aluminium 26.98
[28.08, 28.09]
30.97
[32.05, 32.08]
[35.44, 35.46]
39.95
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
potassium
calcium
scandium
titanium
vanadium
chromium
manganese
iron
cobalt
nickel
copper
zinc
gallium
germanium
arsenic
selenium
bromine
krypton
40.08
44.96
47.87
63.55
65.38(2)
69.72
78.97
[79.90, 79.91]
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rb
39.10
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
50.94
Mo
52.00
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
yttrium
zirconium
niobium
molybdenum
technetium
ruthenium
rhodium
palladium
silver
cadmium
indium
tin
antimony
tellurium
iodine
xenon
101.1
102.9
106.4
107.9
112.4
114.8
118.7
121.8
127.6
126.9
131.3
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Tl
rubidium
strontium
85.47
87.62
88.91
91.22
92.91
95.95
55
56
57-71
72
73
74
lanthanoids
Cs
Ba
caesium
barium
132.9
137.3
87
88
89-103
Fr
Ra
actinoids
francium
radium
54.94
75
55.85
58.93
58.69
72.63
74.92
83.80
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
hafnium
tantalum
tungsten
rhenium
osmium
iridium
platinum
gold
mercury
thallium
lead
bismuth
polonium
astatine
radon
178.5
180.9
183.8
186.2
190.2
192.2
195.1
197.0
200.6
[204.3, 204.4]
207.2
209.0
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn
Uut
Fl
Uup
Lv
Uus
Uuo
rutherfordium
dubnium
seaborgium
bohrium
hassium
meitnerium
darmstadtium
roentgenium
copernicium
ununtrium
flerovium
ununpentium
livermorium
ununseptium
ununoctium
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
lanthanum
cerium
praseodymium
neodymium
promethium
samarium
europium
gadolinium
terbium
dysprosium
holmium
erbium
thulium
ytterbium
lutetium
138.9
140.1
140.9
144.2
150.4
152.0
157.3
158.9
162.5
164.9
167.3
168.9
173.0
175.0
89
90
91
92
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
93
103
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
actinium
thorium
protactinium
uranium
neptunium
plutonium
americium
curium
berkelium
californium
einsteinium
fermium
mendelevium
nobelium
lawrencium
232.0
231.0
238.0
Photo courtesy of iupac.org
For notes and updates to this table, see www.iupac.org. This version is dated 8 January 2016. Copyright © 2016 IUPAC, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Sounds like a nice place,
doesn’t it? “The Island of Stability.” This is no tropical paradise, but rather a theoretical place on the periodic table that could one day lead to unknown technological advances. Scientists recently took four more steps toward “The Island of Stability,” with the discovery of new elements, Nos. 113, 115, 117 and 118. Discoveries that should be exciting to even non-California Institute of Technology grads, according to Caltech grad and Kennesaw State physics professor Nikolaos Kidonakis.
Kidonakis says creating the higher number elements is a simple matter of attraction. The higher the number on the periodic table, the heavier the elements. A theoretical physicist, Kidonakis’ research involves the elementary particles in physics, including quarks and the Higgs boson, which the media often refers to as the “God particle.” Kidonakis’ calculations have been used by scientists running experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. A few years ago, scientists at CERN made news around the world when, after analyzing data from a series of experiments, they announced they were certain that the Higgs boson had been discovered. Watch Dr. Kidonakis’ interview Super-heavy Elements Discovered Part 1 and Part 2 on YouTube for more information on the newly discovered elements.