AUKTION 173 Orden und Ehrenzeichen aus verschiedenem Besitz
ZEIT
Freitag, 25. Juni 2010 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr 14.00 Uhr - 16.00 Uhr
ORT
Steigenberger Hotel Remarque Osnabrück, Natruper-Tor-Wall 1
AUKTIONS-TELEFON
+49 (0)541 60 96 633
AUKTIONS-FAX
+49 (0)541 60 96 634
AUKTIONEN 169-173, JUNI 2010 21. JUNI 2010
Auktion 169: Numismatische Bibliotheken Hanfried Bendig, Bremen, Bernard Poindessault, Paris, Teil 1 u. a.
22.-23. JUNI 2010
Auktion 170: Münzen und Medaillen aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit
23.-24. JUNI 2010
Auktion 171: Geprägtes Gold aus drei Jahrtausenden Deutsche Münzen ab 1871 Die Sammlung Prof. Nikolaus Otto u. a.
24. JUNI 2010
Auktion 172: Russische Münzen und Medaillen
25. JUNI 2010
Auktion 173: Orden und Ehrenzeichen aus verschiedenem Besitz
Besichtigung/On View Das Auktionsgut kann nach vorheriger Vereinbarung besichtigt werden. Auction lots may be viewed by appointment only.
Online-Katalog/Online Catalogue Betrachten Sie unsere Auktionskataloge im Internet! Unter www.kuenker.de und www.sixbid.com haben Sie die Möglichkeit, Abbildungen zu vergrößern, Ihre Gebote direkt abzugeben und die Ergebnisse der Auktionen abzurufen.
KUENKER.DE
Please browse our auction catalogues at www.kuenker.com or at www.sixbid.com! You will have the possibility to zoom all images, to place your bids and to view all auction results online.
Standorte/Locations OSNABRÜCK
BERLIN
Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Gutenbergstraße 23, 49076 Osnabrück Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20 USt.-Id.-Nr. DE 256 270 181 Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Poststraße 22, 10178 Berlin-Mitte, im Kunsthaus Lempertz Wollankstraße 117, 13187 Berlin-Pankow Tel. +49 (0)30 247 248 91
MÜNCHEN
Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Maximiliansplatz 12a, 80333 München Tel. +49 (0) 89 242 16 990
KONSTANZ
Künker Konstanz, c/o Phaleristischer Verlag Michael Autengruber Schulthaißstraße 10, 78462 Konstanz
ZÜRICH MOSKAU
Künker Zürich, c/o Hess-Divo AG Löwenstraße 55, 8001 Zürich, Schweiz Künker Moskau, c/o Russian Coin Co. Ltd. 2/21 Makarenko St., 123001 Moskau, Russland
Association Internationale des Numismates Professionels (AINP) Verband der Deutschen Münzenhändler e. V.
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TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
Zeitplan/Timetable Auktion 169 Numismatische Bibliotheken Hanfried Bendig, Bremen, Bernard Poindessault, Paris, Teil 1 u. a.
Montag, 21. Juni 2010
10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 1 bis Nr. 799 Bibliophile Werke, Monographien: Allgemeine Numismatik, Antike, Neuzeit: Balkan - Deutschland 14.00 Uhr - 19.00 Uhr Nr. 800 bis Nr. 2149 Neuzeit: Deutschland, Übersee, Medaillen, Orden, Papiergeld, Geschichte allgemein, Festschriften, Zeitschriften und Reihen, Auktionskataloge, Bibliographien
Auktion 170 Münzen und Medaillen aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit
Dienstag, 22. Juni 2010
10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 2501 bis Nr. 3106 Europa: Albanien - Polen 14.00 Uhr - 19.00 Uhr Nr. 3107 bis Nr. 4113 Europa: Portugal - Ungarn, Übersee, Habsburgische Erblande, Deutschland: Aachen - Öttingen Mittwoch, 23. Juni 2010
Auktion 171 Geprägtes Gold aus drei Jahrtausenden
10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 4114 bis Nr. 4708 Deutschland: Oldenburg - Zellerfeld, Medaillen, Papiergeld, Prägewerkzeuge, Lots 14.00 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr Nr. 5001 bis Nr. 5870 Donnerstag, 24. Juni 2010
Deutsche Münzen ab 1871 Die Sammlung Prof. Nikolaus Otto u. a.
10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 6001 bis Nr. 6561
Auktion 172 Russische Münzen und Medaillen
Auktion 173 Orden und Ehrenzeichen aus verschiedenem Besitz
14.00 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr Nr. 7001 bis Nr. 7683 Freitag, 25. Juni 2010
10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 8001 bis Nr. 8608 Deutsche Staaten, Deutsches Reich, Weimarer Republik, Drittes Reich, BRD, Europa: Albanien - Portugal 14.00 Uhr - 16.00 Uhr Nr. 8609 bis Nr. 9026 Europa: Rumänien - Vatikan, Übersee, Ordensschnallen, Miniaturenschnallen und -kettchen, Sammlung Verleihungsurkunden 3
Was ist für Ihre schriftliche Auktionsteilnahme besonders wichtig? DEUTSCH
• Bitte senden Sie uns Ihre Aufträge möglichst frühzeitig zu. Wenn uns Ihr Auftrag erst kurz vor der Auktion erreicht, können sich bei der Bearbeitung Fehler einschleichen. Das beiliegende Formular erleichtert Ihnen die Abgabe eines schriftlichen Gebots. Gerne nehmen wir Ihre Gebote per Post, Fax oder Email entgegen. • Wenn Sie noch nicht bei uns gekauft haben, bitten wir Sie, uns als Referenz eine Münzhandlung anzugeben, mit der Sie bereits in Geschäftsverbindung stehen. • Wir gewährleisten die Echtheit aller verkauften Objekte auch über die gesetzliche Frist hinaus.
Sie möchten telefonisch an der Auktion teilnehmen? Die telefonische Teilnahme an der Auktion ist bei uns selbstverständlich möglich. Wir rufen Sie während der Auktion gerne an und helfen Ihnen, die gewünschten Stücke zu ersteigern. Aus organisatorischen Gründen bitten wir Sie, die folgenden Punkte zu beachten:
Ulrich Künker Leiter Kundenbetreuung
• Telefonisches Bieten ist nur bei Losen mit einer Taxe von mind. € 500,– möglich. • Bitte teilen Sie uns mindestens 48 Stunden vor der Auktion mit, zu welchen Stücken Sie angerufen werden möchten. • Bitte achten Sie darauf, dass Sie erreichbar sind, wenn Ihre Stücke versteigert werden. Der Zeitplan in diesem Katalog hilft Ihnen dabei, den Zeitpunkt der Versteigerung abzuschätzen. • Für den Fall, dass wir Sie nicht erreichen können, bieten wir in Ihrem Namen bis zur Höhe Ihres schriftlichen Gebotes, mindestens aber bis zur Höhe des Schätzpreises. • Bitte beachten Sie, dass telefonisches Bieten eine unsichere Variante der Auktionsteilnahme sein kann. Wir können keine Garantie für das Zustandekommen der telefonischen Verbindung übernehmen. Wenn Sie sicher gehen wollen, besuchen Sie bitte unsere Auktion persönlich oder geben Sie uns ein schriftliches Gebot.
Was passiert nach der Auktion? Barbara Westmeyer deutschsprachige Kundenbetreuung
Telefon: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 Gebührenfrei: 0800 58 36 537 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Internet: www.kuenker.de Montag – Donnerstag 8.30–17.00 Uhr Freitag 8.00–15.30 Uhr
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• Der Versand der Auktionsware startet sofort nach Beendigung der Auktion und dauert in der Regel 8 Tage. • Alle Kunden, die an unserer Auktion schriftlich teilgenommen haben, erhalten innerhalb von 2 Wochen nach der Auktion unsere Ergebnisliste gratis. • Alle Ergebnisse sind spätestens einen Tag nach Auktionsende auf unserer Internetseite verfügbar.
Sie möchten Ihre Münzen in unsere Auktion einliefern? Sollten Sie sich zum Verkauf Ihrer Münzen entschlossen haben, kommen Sie zu uns. Seit 1985 beweisen wir mit derzeit 4 Auktionsterminen und ca. 15 Katalogen pro Jahr unsere Kompetenz und Zuverlässigkeit. Wichtige Informationen für Sie im Überblick: • Ihre Münzen werden von unseren Experten nach neuestem numismatischem Standard bestimmt und in hochwertigen Farbkatalogen präsentiert. • Wir verfügen mit mehr als 10.000 Kunden über eine der besten Kundendateien weltweit. Im Durchschnitt verkaufen wir mehr als 95 % der Stücke einer Auktion, nicht selten erzielen wir dabei Rekordzuschläge. Für nicht verkaufte Objekte werden keine Gebühren erhoben. • Ab der Übergabe an uns sind Ihre Münzen mit dem doppelten Schätzwert versichert. Unsere Kundenbetreuung bespricht gerne mit Ihnen wie Ihre Stücke sicher zu uns gelangen können. • Ihre Einlieferung wird Ihnen sofort nach der Übernahme quittiert. Spätestens 5 Wochen vor der Auktion erhalten Sie eine Auflistung Ihrer Stücke inkl. Katalognummern und Schätzpreisen. • Unmittelbar nach der Auktion erhalten Sie die Ergebnisliste und können dann alle erzielten Preise feststellen. Den Auktionserlös erhalten Sie innerhalb von 45 Tagen nach der Auktion.
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
Important facts for a written participation in the auction • Please send us your instructions as early as possible. The likelihood of errors occurring increases if we receive your instructions only shortly before the auction. The enclosed form should make it simple for you to submit a written bid, you may send your bids by mail, fax or e-mail. • If you are a new customer who has not yet purchased from us, we do request references. Please name a coin dealer with whom you have already done business. • The genuineness of all objects sold is warranted beyond the statutory length of time.
ENGLISH
Do you wish to participate by telephone? You are welcome to participate in our auction by telephone. We are glad to call you during the auction and to assist you in bidding for your items. Please take notice of the following conditions: • Telephone bidding is accepted exclusively on lot numbers with estimates at 500 Euro or above. • Please inform us at least 48 hours in advance if you wish to register for telephone bidding, even for single lots. We do need 48 hours to schedule all incoming requests. • Please be available, when your lots will be sold. The time schedule in the catalogue will help you to estimate the approximate time when your items are going to be sold. • Should you not be available by phone, we will bid on your behalf up to your submitted written limit or at least up to the estimate of the lot for which you requested to be called. • Please be aware that telephone bidding is a risky way of participation in our auction. We do not assume liability should the telephone line be interrupted or not be achieved. We advise you to attend the auction in person or to send written bids.
Nadine Zuber English, Deutsch
What occurs after the auction? • The shipment of all auction goods starts immediately after the completion of the entire auction week and it usually takes 8 days to be completed. • All auction results are available on our website one day after the end of the auction week. • All clients who submitted bids for the auction will automatically receive the list of auction results free of charge within two weeks after the end of auction.
Marion Künker English, Deutsch
Do you wish to consign your coins to our auction? Should you decide to sell your coins, we are ready to assist you. Since 1985 we have earned our bona fides in conducting over 4 auctions and in publishing 15 catalogues per year. In the following you will find the most important information on consigning: • We guarantee the professional handling of your consignment following the latest numismatic level of expertise including its presentation in colour catalogues of outstanding quality. • We possess one of the best customer lists worldwide. On average we sell more than 95 % of all items in our auction, and it is not unusual for us to achieve record hammer prices for lots submitted. Unsold items incur no fees. • Once the coins are consigned they are covered by our insurance at double the estimate. Upon consultation with our customer service we try to advise you on the safest way of shipping for your coins. • Your delivery will be confirmed in writing immediately on receipt. At least five weeks before the auction, you will receive an exact list of your objects with the relevant catalogue numbers and descriptions. • Within a week of the end of auction, you will receive a list of auction results in order to see what prices were reached for each individual lot. As a consignor, you will receive the auction proceeds within 45 days after the end of auction.
Phone: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Website: www.kuenker.com Monday – Thursday 8.30 AM – 5 PM Friday 8 AM – 3.30 PM
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
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Votre participation par écrit – Les points essentiels
FRANCAIS
• Veuillez nous faire parvenir vos ordres le plus tôt possible. Si vos ordres nous parviennent juste avant la vente aux enchères, des erreurs risquent d’être commises lors de leur traitement. Le formulaire ci-joint vous aidera à rédiger facilement votre offre. Vous pouvez nous envoyer vos ordres par la poste, par fax ou par e-mail. • Si vous n’avez encore fait aucune acquisition chez nous, nous vous prions de nous indiquer une ou deux références d’autres maisons numismatiques où vous avez déjà acheté. • L’authenticité des pièces vendues est garantie même au-delà des délais légaux.
Vous voulez participer par téléphone? La participation par téléphone est bien sûr possible. Nous vous appelons volontiers pour vous aider à acquérir les pièces voulues. Pour des raisons d´organisation veuillez noter les points suivants:
Alexandra Elflein, M. A. Français, Deutsch, English, Italiano
• La participation par téléphone est possible seulement pour les lots estimé à plus de 500 Euros chacun. • Veuillez nous informer au moins 48 heures avant la vente de la liste des pièces pour lesquelles vous voudriez être appelé. • Veuillez prendre soin d´être joignable quand vos pièces seront mises en vente. L’ordre de vente dans ce catalogue vous aidera à estimer l´heure de la vente. • Dans le cas où nous ne parviendrions pas à vous joindre, nous enchérirons pour vous jusqu’au montant que vous nous indiquez par écrit, égal ou supérieur au prix d’estimation. • La participation par téléphone présente des risques, et nous déclinons toute responsabilité dans le cas où la communication téléphonique serait interrompue, ou bien ne pourrait être établie.
Ce qui se passe après la vente Kmar Chachoua Français, Deutsch, English, Arabic
• L´expédition des biens va commencer immédiatement après la fin de la vente complète, et prend généralement 8 jours. • Tous les clients qui ont participé à l’une de nos ventes aux enchères recevront gratuitement une liste de résultats dans les deux semaines qui suivent. • Les résultats seront disponibles sur notre site internet, au plus tard un jour après la fin de la vente.
Vous voulez confier vos monnaies pour nos ventes aux enchères? Tél. +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Facs. +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Site: www.kuenker.de Lundi à Jeudi de 8h30 à 17h00 Vendredi de 8h00 à 15h30
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Contactez nous si vous envisagez de vendre vos pièces. Notre compétence et fiabilité est prouvée depuis 1985 par actuellement 4 ventes aux enchères et environ 15 catalogues par an. Le plus important pour vous est que: • Vos pièces seront décrites par notre équipe d’experts selon les standards numismatiques les plus récents, et elles seront présentées dans des catalogues de haute qualité en couleurs. • Nous avons un des meilleurs fichiers-clientèle du monde avec plus de 10.000 clients. Nous vendons en moyenne plus de 95% de la vente aux enchères, et obtenons souvent des prix records. Les monnaies invendues n’encourent aucun frais. • Notre service clientèle est disponible pour vous conseiller pour l’envoi de vos pièces, et dès leur réception vos pièces seront assurées pour le double de la valeur d´estimation. • Vous recevrez une liste détaillée des pièces fournies au moment de la prise en charge puis, au plus tard cinq semaines avant la vente aux enchères, vous recevrez leur liste exacte avec les numéros de catalogue correspondants. • Immédiatement après la vente aux enchères, vous recevrez la liste des résultats et pourrez prendre connaissance des prix obtenus. Vous recevrez le produit de la vente dans les 45 jours après les enchères.
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
I punti piú importanti per la Sua partecipazione per iscritto • La preghiamo di farci pervenire i Suoi ordini al piú presto possibile. Se i Suoi ordini ci arrivano poco prima dell´inizio dell´asta possono verificarsi errori. Il formulario allegato Le faciliterá l´invio dei Suoi ordini per iscritto. Ci puó far pervenire i Suoi ordini per posta, per fax o per email. • Se non ha mai acquistato presso di noi, La preghiamo di volerci indicare a titolo di referenza il nome di uno o due commercianti numismatici presso i quali è giá cliente. • L’autenticità di tutti gli oggetti venduti viene garantita anche oltre i termini previsti dalla legge.
ITALIANO
Desidera partecipare telefonicamente alla nostra asta? La partecipazione telefonica è naturalmente da noi possibile. La chiameremo durante l´asta e La assisteremo volentieri per ottenere l´aggiudicazione dei pezzi desiderati. Per motivi di organizzazione La preghiamo di voler tenere conto dei seguenti punti: • La partecipazione telefonica è possibile solo per lotti stimati con almeno 500,– € l´uno. • La preghiamo di volerci comunicare almeno 48 ore prima dell´inizio dell´asta per quali pezzi desidera essere chiamato. • La preghiamo di aver cura di essere raggiungibile telefonicamente al momento in cui vengono messi all´asta i pezzi che Le interessano. Lo schema orario in catalogo La aiuterá a stimare a che ora verranno messi all´asta i pezzi che Le interessano. • Nel caso in cui non riuscissimo a contattarLa telefonicamente, provvederemo ad offrire a Suo nome fine all´importo massimo indicatoci per iscritto, in ogni caso offriremo a Suo nome come minimo il prezzo di stima. • La partecipazione telefonica è un modo incerto di partecipare alle aste. Non assumiamo nessuna responsabilità se per esempio la linea telefonica è occupata o interrotta o se Lei non sará raggiungibile per altri motivi.
Sonia Russo, M. A. Italiano, Deutsch, English, Español
Cosa succede dopo l´asta? • La spedizione del materiale d´asta comincia subito dopo la fine dell´intera asta e termina normalmente entro 8 giorni. • Tutti i clienti che hanno partecipato all´asta ricevono entro 2 settimane dopo l´asta la lista dei prezzi di realizzo. • I prezzi di realizzo sono visionabili sul nostro sito internet al piú tardi un giorno dopo la fine dell´intera asta.
Vuole consegnarci le Sue monete per una nostra asta? Ci contatti se ha deciso di vendere le Sue monete. Dal 1985 la nostra competenza ed affidabilità è dimostrata da attualmente 4 aste e circa 15 cataloghi all´anno. Quali sono i punti di maggior importanza per Lei: • Le Sue monete vengono valutate dal nostro staff di esperti secondo i piú attuali standard numismatici e vengono presentati in cataloghi di alto valore a colori. • Con piú di 10.000 clienti disponiamo di una delle migliori banca dati clienti del mondo. In media vendiamo oltre il 95% del materiale d´asta realizzando spesso prezzi da record. Per i pezzi invenduti non ci sono nessune spese da pagare. • Dal momento della consegna le Sue monete sono assicurate per il doppio del valore di stima. Il nostro servizio clientela Le consiglierá volentieri come farci avere le Sue monete nel modo piú sicuro. • La Sua consegna Le verrá immediatamente quietanzata al momento della resa dei pezzi. Al piú tardi 5 settimane prima dell´asta riceverá una lista dettagliata dei Suoi pezzi con i numeri di catalogo ed i prezzi di stima. • Subito dopo l´asta riceverá la lista con i risultati d´asta dalla quale potrá subito controllare i prezzi realizzati. Riceverá l´importo di realizzo entro 45 giorni dopo la fine dell´asta.
Cristina Welzel Italiano, Deutsch, English, Français
Tel.: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Internet: www.kuenker.de Lunedì a giovedì dalle 8.30 alle 17.00 Venerdì dalle 8.00 alle 15.30
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
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Что особенно важно при заочном участии на аукционе?
RUSSKIJ
• Тщательно изучите наш каталог и запишите те лоты, которые Вас заинтересовали. Заполните приложенный формуляр и отправьте нам его заранее по почте, факсу или электронной почте. Мы обращаем внимание на то, что если Ваши ставки придут перед самым началом аукциона либо во время аукциона, то существует вероятность допуска ошибки в процессе обработки заказа. • Если Вы впервые принимаете участие в нашем аукционе, то мы рекомендуем Вам указать Ваш референц – аукционные дома, с которыми Вы уже сотрудничали. Или свяжитесь с нами по телефону +49(0)541 9620268. • Подлинность купленных на нашем аукционе лотов гарантируется нами на протяжении неограниченного времени.
Вы хотели бы принять участие на аукционе по телефону? У нас, конечно, есть возможность организовать Ваше телефонное участие на торгах, но мы бы хотели обратить внимание на следующие пункты:
Anastasija Koepsell Russkij, Deutsch
• Участие в телефонных торгах возможно только для лотов со стартовой ценой свыше 500 евро. • Для участия в торгах по телефону просим Вас связаться с нами не позднее 48 часов до начала аукциона. • Мы хотим подчеркнуть, что телефонное участие на аукционе – не самый безопасный способ: в случае плохой связи, недоступности клиента во время торгов либо других технических проблем мы не несем ответственности.
Что происходит после окончания аукциона?
Dzmitry Nikulin Russkij, Deutsch, English
• Результаты аукционов доступны на нашем сайте на следующий день после окончания торгов. • Вы можете лично забрать приобретенные лоты. По окончании торгов мы готовим все необходимые документы на вывоз из Евросоюза. • Почтовые отправки в Россию ( Беларусь, Украину ) осуществляются по предварительной договоренности. Для связи с нами звоните по телефону +49 (0)541 9620268.
Вы хотели бы выставить Ваши предметы на аукцион? Более 160-ти успешно проведенных аукционов, тысячи участников, 4 аукциона в год - эти и другие преимущества, которые говорят в пользу выставления Ваших коллекций на аукцион Кюнкер: Телефон: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Факс: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de интернет: www.kuenker.de понедельник – четверг 8.30–17.00 пятница 8–15.30
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• Ваши монеты будут оценены нашими экспертами по самым новым нумизматическим стандартам и представлены в высококачественном цветном каталоге. • Более 10000 клиентов со всего мира оказывают нам свое доверие. В среднем мы продаем более 95% всех выставляемых предметов, при этом зачастую достигая рекордных сумм. • Все Ваши предметы, после передачи их нам, хранятся у нас до начала аукциона застрахованными. Не позднее 5-ти недель до начала аукциона Вы получите по почте подробное описание Ваших лотов с указаннами номерами в каталоге, а также их оценочной стоимостью. • Результаты аукционов также будут высланы Вам по почте после окончания торгов. В течение 45 дней после аукциона Вам будет выплачено Ваше вознаграждение.
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
INHALT AUKTION 173 ORDEN UND EHRENZEICHEN Deutsche Staaten Anhalt Baden Bayern Braunschweig Hannover Hessen Hohenlohe Hohenzollern Lippe, Schaumburg-Lippe Mecklenburg-Schwerin Nassau Oldenburg Preußen Reuß Sachsen, sächsische Herzogtümer Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Waldeck Württemberg Deutsches Reich 1871-1918 Weimarer Republik 1919-1933 Drittes Reich 1933-1945 Bundesrepublik Deutschland seit 1949 Feuerwehr Rotes Kreuz Eisenbahn Ordenschnallen Miniaturenschnallen und -kettchen Konvolute Unbekannte Auszeichnung Albanien Belgien Bulgarien Fürstentum (1878-1908) Zarentum (1908-1944) Bulgarische Volksfrontregierung (1944-1946) Abzeichen Dänemark Finnland Frankreich Zweites Kaiserreich (1852-1870) Dritte bis fünfte Republik Griechenland Vereinigtes Königreich von Großbritannien und Nordirland Internationale und Gesellschaftsorden Island Königreich (1922-1944)
8001 8001 8001 8004 8008
Nr. -
8027 8030 8032 8034 8037 8042 8045
-
8048
-
8094
-
8106 8108 8116
-
8125 8141
-
8146
-
8149 8153 8156
-
8162 8176 8176 8251
-
8419 8424 8453 8492 8505 8505 8507
-
8423 8452 8491 8504 8511 8506 8511 8512
8513 8529 8551 8551
-
8528 8550 8552 8552
9026 8115 8003 8007 8025 8026 8029 8031 8033 8036 8041 8044 8046 8047 8092 8093 8104 8105 8107 8115 8123 8124 8140 8159 8145 8147 8148 8152 8155 8159 8160 8161 8175 8452 8250 8418
Seite 194 38 13 15 16 16 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 32 32 32 35 35 36 36 38 38 39 39 40 42 42 47 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 47 48 49 50 106 50 67 68 102 13 13
102 104 107 112 114
-
114
-
115 118
-
103 106 112 114 115 114 115 115 117 122 122 122
9
Italien Königreich Beider Sizilien Königliche Familie Bourbon - Beide Sizilien Königreich (1861-1946) Lettland Litauen Malteserorden Montenegro Niederlande Norwegen Österreich Kaiserreich (1804-1918) Erste Republik (1918-1934) Zweite Republik (seit 1949) Polen Konvolut von fünf verschiedenen polnischen Orden, Ehren- und Abzeichen Russisches Königreich (1831-1917) Erste Republik (1918-1939) Volksrepublik (1944-1989) Dritte Republik (seit 1989) Portugal Königreich (bis 1910) Republik (seit 1910) Rumänien Königreich (1881-1947) Sozialistische Republik (1965-1989) Russland Zarentum (bis 1917) Zarentum-Abzeichen Sowjetunion Literatur Schweden Miniaturen Serbien und Jugoslawien Fürstentum und Königreich (1817/1867-1918) Jugoslawien, Königreich (1918-1941/1945) Jugoslawien, Föderalistische Volksrepublik (1945-1963) Spanien Regierung Isabellas II. (1833/1843-1868) Fünftes Königreich (1874-1931) Spanischer Staat Regierung von Francisco Franco (1936-1975) Inoffizielle Auszeichnung Tschechoslowakei Erste Republik (1918-1939/46) Volksrepublik (1946-1960) Ungarn Königreich (1922-1944) Bürgerliche Republik (1944-1949) Exil (1949-1989) Volksrepublik (1949-1989) 10
8598
Nr. - 8558 8553 8554 - 8558 - 8560 - 8562 - 8566 - 8568 - 8571 - 8575 - 8597 - 8594 - 8596 8597 - 8606
Seite 124 123 123 123 124 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 130 127 129 129 130 130 130 131
8599 8601 8604
-
8607
-
8609 8609 8626 8646 8646 8671 8679
-
8683 8716 8737
-
8598 8600 8603 8605 8606 8608 8607 8608 8645 8625 8645 8682 8670 8678 8681 8682 8736 8736 8761
130 130 131 131 131 132 132 132 141 137 141 149 147 148 149 149 157 157 162
8737 8756
-
8755 8759
8760 8762
-
8763
-
8761 8768 8762 8764
8765
-
8769 8769 8775 8777 8777
-
8782
-
8553
8555 8559 8561 8563 8567 8569 8572 8576 8576 8595
8767 8768 8776 8774 8776 8787 8779 8780 8781 8787
123
130
-
134 134 137 142 142
-
149 155 158
-
158
-
163
-
163
-
164 164
-
165 165
-
161 162 162 164 163 163
164 164 165 165 165 166 166 166 166 166
Kirchenstaat, heiliger Stuhl und Vatikan Orden Ritterorden vom heiligen Grab von Jerusalem Vatikan-Ehrenzeichen Ägypten Äthiopien Chile China Kaiserreich (bis 1912) Volksrepublik (seit 1949) Ecuador Japan Kanada Korea Kuba Mongolei Union Myanmar (Burma) Thailand Türkei Tunesien Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika (U. S. A.) Ordensschnallen-International Miniaturschnallen und –KettchenInternational Konvolute-International Sammlung Verleihungsurkunden und Dokumente
8788
Nr. - 8798 8788
8789 8797 8799
-
8803
-
8806 8815
-
8820 8822
-
8827 8837
-
8846 8852
-
8796 8798 8800 8801 8802 8804 8803 8804 8805 8814 8818 8819 8821 8825 8826 8836 8844 8845 8851 8853
8854 8858
-
8857 8862
8863
-
9026
166
Seite 169 166
167
-
170
-
174 175
-
176 177
-
169 169 169 169 169 170 170 170 170 171 172 172 173 173 173 175 176 176 177 178 178 179
179
-
194
___________________________
Abbildungen sind, sofern nicht anders angegeben, auf 3/4 Größe verkleinert. Erhaltungsangaben und das Literaturverzeichnis finden Sie am Ende des Kataloges.
Hinweis: Am Donnerstag, den 24. Juni 2010 findet nach Ende der Versteigerung ein Vortrag von Herrn Michael Autengruber zum Thema " Anmerkungen zum Sammeln von Orden und Ehrenzeichen am Beispiel bulgarischer Auszeichnungen" statt. Vor dem Hintergrund und anhand von Beispielen der in der 173. Auktion angebotenen, umfangreichen Sammlung von bulgarischen Orden und Ehrenzeichen wird grundsätzlich in das Sammeln von Orden und Ehrenzeichen eingeführt werden, besonders auch im Hinblick auf Gemeinsamkeiten wie auch Unterschiede zur Numismatik. Der Vortrag richtet sich somit nicht nur an die Sammler von Orden und Ehrenzeichen, sondern auch und gerade an Numismatiker, Sammler wie Händler, und an alle grundsätzlich an diesem Thema Interessierten.
11
5GJT IGGJTVGT -WPFG YKT HTGWGP WPU UGJT +JPGP YKGFGT \WO IGYQJPVGP 6GTOKP GKPGP WOHCPITGKEJGP -CVCNQI OKV ÒDGT .QUGP 1TFGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF 7TMWPFGP CWU &GWVUEJNCPF 'WTQRC WPF FGT ICP\GP 9GNV CWU XGTUEJKGFGPGO $GUKV\ XQTNGIGP \W MÌPPGP <WP·EJUV IGNCPIGP ÒDGT FGWVUEJG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP XQO PGWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTV DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV \WO #WHTWH 5EJYGTRWPMV FGT GWTQR·KUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP DKNFGV GKPG WOHCPITGKEJG 5COONWPI 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU (ÒTUVGPVWOU WPF <CTGPTGKEJU $WNICTKGP OKV ÒDGT 'KP\GNRQUKVKQPGP FCTWPVGT GKPG ICP\G 4GKJG CP 5GNVGPJGKVGP WPF 4CTKV·VGP &KG $GUEJTGKDWPI FKGUGT 5COONWPI GTHQNIVG WPVGT 8GTYGPFWPI FGT IGUCOVGP TGNGXCPVGP (CEJNKVGTCVWT #WHITWPF YGKVGTGT GKIGPGT KPVGPUKXGT (QTUEJWPIGP MÌPPGP JKGT OGJTGTG PGWG 'TMGPPVPKUUG \WO GTUVGP /CN XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV YGTFGP 9GKVGTG 5EJYGTRWPMVG DKNFGP 5COONWPIGP F·PKUEJGT TWO·PKUEJGT WPF TWUUKUEJGT 1TFGP 'JTGP WPF #D\GKEJGP OKV LGYGKNU EC .QVU IGHQNIV XQP GKPGT 5COONWPI UEJYGFKUEJGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP OKV ÒDGT 2QUKVKQPGP #DGT CWEJ $GNIKGP (TCPMTGKEJ )TQDTKVCPPKGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 2QNGP 5GTDKGP WPF ,WIQUNCYKGP 5RCPKGP FKG 6UEJGEJQUNQYCMGK 7PICTP WPF FGT *GKNKIG 5VWJN 8CVKMCP UKPF W C OKV LGYGKNU OGJTGTGP 2QUKVKQPGP XGTVTGVGP IGHQNIV XQP GKPGT 4GKJG ÒDGTUGGKUEJGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &GP #DUEJNW DKNFGV GKPG 5COONWPI XQP ÒDGT .QVU FGWVUEJGT WPF GWTQR·KUEJGT 8GTNGKJWPIU WTMWPFGP XQP VGKNYGKUG DGFGWVGPFGP $GNKGJGPGP WPF OKV VGKNU DGFGWVGPFGP #WVQITCRJGP &GT -CVCNQI YWTFG YKGFGT WPVGT YKUUGPUEJCHVNKEJGP )GUKEJVURWPMVGP GTUVGNNV YKG FKG \CJNTGKEJGP #POGTMWPIGP WPVGTJCND FGT GKIGPVNKEJGP $GUEJTGKDWPI FGU LGYGKNKIGP .QVU DGNGIGP +P FKGUGO <WUCOOGPJCPI FCPMG KEJ DGUQPFGTU *GTTP 2TQH &T &T ) #PFTGCU 6COOCPP $CUGN CWH FGUUGP WOHCPITGKEJG (QTUEJWPIUCTDGKVGP YKT YKGFGT QHV \WTÒEMITGKHGP FWTHVGP #P FKGUGT 5VGNNG OÌEJVG YKT PQEJ CWH GKPGP 8QTVTCI CO 8QTCDGPF FGT #WMVKQP OKV FGO 6KVGN ō#POGTMWPIGP \WO 5COOGNP XQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO $GKURKGN DWNICTKUEJGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGPŋ JKPYGKUGP &GT 7PVGT\GKEJPGPFG YKTF CPJCPF XQP $GKURKGNGP CWU FGT JKGT CPIGDQVGPGP 5COONWPI ITWPFU·V\NKEJ KP FCU 5COOGNP XQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP GKPHÒJTGP DGUQPFGTU CWEJ KO *KPDNKEM CWH )GOGKPUCOMGKVGP WPF 7PVGTUEJKGFG \WT 0WOKUOCVKM &GT 8QTVTCI TKEJVGV UKEJ UQOKV PKEJV PWT CP FKG 5COONGT XQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP UQPFGTP CWEJ WPF IGTCFG CP 0WOKUOCVKMGT 5COONGT YKG *·PFNGT WPF CP CNNG ITWPFU·V\NKEJ CP FKGUGO 6JGOC +PVGTGUUKGTVGP 9KT YÒPUEJGP +JPGP UGJT IGGJTVGT -WPFG XKGN (TGWFG DGKO 5VWFKWO FKGUGU -CVCNQIGU WPF YKT YÒTFGP WPU UGJT HTGWGP YGPP FKG JKGT CPIGDQVGPGP 1DLGMVG +JT +PVGTGUUG HKPFGP YÒTFGP /KEJCGN #WVGPITWDGT # PQVG VQ QWT PQP IGTOCP URGCMKPI ENKGPVU +H [QW YQWNF NKMG VQ WUG C VTCPUNCVKQP OCEJKPG HQT VJG ECVCNQIWG VGZVGU RNGCUG TGHGT VQ VJG YQTF XGTUKQP RQUVGF QP YYY MWGPMGT EQO.
12
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
14&'0 70& '*4'0<'+%*'0
8001
&'765%*' 56##6'0 #0*#.6+5%*' (ª456'06ª/'4 )'/'+05#/ $+5 70& #0*#.6 *'4<1)67/
*GT\QINKEJ #PJCNVKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP #NDTGEJV FGU $·TGP -QOOCPFGWT D\Y -QOVWT CD <GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV I QJPG $CPFTKPI OKV GTI·P\VGO $CPFTKPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO UR·VGTGP *CNUDCPF )- 1'- ++
<YGKHGNUHTGKGU \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGU 1TKIKPKCNGZGORNCT 5EJCTHGPDGTI UEJTGKDV KP 5$ 5 JKGT\W ō&CU 1TFGPU\GKEJGP DGUVGJV KP FGT 4GIGN CWU XGTIQNFGVGT $TQP\Gŋ 7PF YGKVGT ō'U YWTFGP KP GVYC -QOOCPFGWT D\Y -QOVWT\GKEJGP XGTNKGJGP 9GIGP FGT 9KGFGTXGTNGKJWPI TGOKVVKGTVGT 1TFGPU\GKEJGP KUV CWEJ JKGT XQP GKPGT FGWVNKEJ IGTKPIGTGP <CJN JGTIGUVGNNVGT 5VÒEMG CWU\WIGJGPŋ )GUVKHVGV CO 0QXGODGT XQP FGP *GT\ÌIGP *GKPTKEJ XQP #PJCNV -ÌVJGP #NGZCPFGT %CTN XQP #PJCNV $GTP DWTI WPF .GQRQNF +8 (TKGFTKEJ XQP #PJCNV &GUUCW CNU IGOGKPUCOGT *CWUQTFGP KP FTGK -NCUUGP OKV GKPGT CHHKNK KGTVGP \YGKUVWHKIGP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG GTHWJT GT 'TYGKVGTWPIGP WPF 9GKVGTG PFGTWPIGP WPF *KP\WHÒIWPIGP YWTFGP WPF XQTIGPQOOGP UQ FC FGT 1TFGP CWU HQNIGPFGP -NCUUGP DGUVCPF )TQMTGW\ CNU *ÌJGTUVWHWPI OKV $TKNNCPVGP 2TKP\GUUKPPGP 1TFGP -QOVWT WPF -NCUUG 4KVVGT WPF -NCUUG WPF FKG )QNFGPG WPF 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG YQDGK LGFG -NCUUG OKV CNU *ÌJGTUVWHWPI QFGT QJPG -TQPG XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP MQPPVG 5·OVNKEJG -NCUUGP MQPPVGP CWEJ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP 5GKV FGO 7PVGTICPI FGT /QPCTEJKG KO 0QXGODGT YKTF FGT 1TFGP KP FGT (COKNKG FGT 2TKP\GP XQP #PJCNV CNU *CWUQTFGP YGKVGT IGVTCIGP
8002
8003
(ª456'067/ $+5 70& *'4<1)67/ #0*#.6 -¤6*'0
1TFGP FGU 8GTFKGPUVGU &GMQTCVKQP FGT -NCUUG 4GMQPUVTWMVKQP CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV ++
&CU 'ZGORNCT YWTFG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP PCEJ FGT $GUEJTGKDWPI FGT .KUVG 0T FGT (KTOC 4QDGTV $CNN 0CEJH KP $GTNKP XQO 1MVQDGT \KVKGTV XQP 5EJCTHGPDGTI KP 5$ 5 OKV XGTVCWUEJVGP (CTDGP FGT /GFCKNNQPU CPIGHGT VKIV &GPPQEJ GKP JGTXQTTCIGPFGU 'TUCV\GZGORNCT HÒT GKP KO 1TKIKPCN PKEJV \W DGUEJCHHGPFGU 5VÒEM
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HÒT 9KUUGPUEJCHV WPF -WPUV /QFGNN GKPMNCUUKI OKV <CEMGP CO 4CPF #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF ++
5GJT UEJÌPGU 'TUCV\GZGORNCT CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP FKGUGT KO 1TKIKPCN PKEJV J·WHKIGP #WU\GKEJPWPI 5EJCTHGPDGTI UEJTGKDV KP 5$ 5 JKGT\W ō&KG #WU\GKEJPWPI DGUVGJV CWU GKPGT JQEJQXCNGP /GFCKNNG CWU IQNFRNCVVKGTVGT D\Y XGTIQNFGVGT $TQP\Gŋ 7PF YGKVGT 5 ō+PUIGUCOV YWTFGP GVYC 1TFGPU\GKEJGP XGTNKGJGP 7PF 1TFGPUKPJCDGT UKPF PCOGPVNKEJ DGMCPPV ŋ
13
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8004 1:1
14
DEUTSCHE STAATEN /#4-)4#(5%*#(6 $+5 -74(ª456'067/ 70& )4155*'4<1)67/ $#&'0
)TQJGT\QINKEJGT *CWUQTFGP FGT 6TGWG /QFGNN UGKV 1TFGPUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF #WUHÒJTWPI XQP EC DKU OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP )QNF VNY HGKPUV ITCXKGTV \KUGNKGTV WPF RQNKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU QDGTGP -TGW\CTOU MCWO UKEJVDCTG 'OCKN NGTGRCTCVWT QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI XQP EC DKU OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO PKEJV GOCKNNKGTVGO /GFCKNNQPJKPVGTITWPF 5KNDGT #WHNCIGP )QNF VNY ITCXKGTV \KUGNKGTV WPF RQNKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I #WHNCIGP OKV 0KGVGP DGHGUVKIV CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV GVYCU XGTDNCUUVGO IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO )TQJGT\QI (TKGFTKEJU + KO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP DNCWGP ªDGTMCTVQP OKV <GVVGN OKV IGFTWEMVGT #WHUEJTKHV *CWUQTFGP F 6TGWG )- 1'- 5VÒEM 4 ++ 0CEJ -NGPCW KP )- 5 HH KUV FCU -NGKPQF FGT (KTOC .WFYKI 2CCT \W\WUEJTGKDGP FKG \WO GTUVGP /CN CNU )QNFCTDGKVGT IGPCPPV XQP DKU ITQJGT\QINKEJ DCFKUEJGT *QHLWYGNKGT YCT &GT $TWUVUVGTP UVGJV KP FGT #PHGTVKIWPIUVTCFKVKQP XQP ,QUGRJ <WDGT FGT XQP DKU CNU *QHLWYGNKGT HKTOKGTV KUV LGFQEJ PKEJV UKIPKGTV 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ UQOKV YQJN GDGPHCNNU WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT 9GTMUVCVV XQP .WFYKI 2CCT &GT 1TFGPUUGV UVCOOV CWU 5EJYGFGP XQP GKPGO UEJYGFKUEJGP +PJCDGT FGU *QEJCFGNU FGT CWEJ 6T·IGT FGT -GVVG \WO *CWUQTFGP FGT 6TGWG WPF UR·VGT FGT -GVVG \WO 1TFGP $GTVJQNFU + YCT #WU #PNC FGT 8GTO·JNWPI FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP 6JTQPHQNIGTU 2TKP\ )WUVCX #FQNH XQP 5EJYGFGP FGU UR·VGTGP -ÌPKIU )WUVCX 8 XQP DKU OKV 2TKP\GUUKP 8KMVQTKC XQP $CFGP 6QEJVGT XQP )TQ JGT\QI (TKGFTKEJ + XQP $CFGP WPF )TQJGT\QIKP .WKUG CO 5GRVGODGT KP -CTNU TWJG GTJKGNVGP FKG UEJYGFKUEJGP 2TKP\GP )WUVCX #FQNH 1UECT *GT\QI XQP )QVNCPF CD )TCH XQP 9KUDQTI %CTN *GT\QI XQP 8·UVGTIÌVNCPF WPF 'WIGP *GT\QI XQP 0·TMG UQYKG FGT UEJYGFKUEJG #WGPOKPKUVGT %CTN (TGKJGTT *QEJUEJKNF FGP 1TFGP &GT GKPMNCUUKIG *CWUQTFGP YWTFG CO ,WPK FWTEJ /CTMITCH -CTN +++ 9KNJGNO XQP $CFGP &WTNCEJ IGUVKHVGV YWTFG FGT 1TFGPUUVGTP IGUEJCHHGP YWTFG FGT 1TFGP XQO -WTHÒTUVGPVWO ÒDGTPQOOGP \WP·EJUV \YGKMNCUUKI )TQMTGW\ WPF -QOOCPFGWT XQO )TQJGT\QIVWO ÒDGTPQOOGP CD HQTOCN FTGKMNCUUKI
4KVVGTMTGW\ FCU PKG CWUIGIGDGP YWTFG CD YKGFGT GKPMNCUUKI YWTFG FCU 2TKP\GUUKPGPMTGW\ IGUVKHVGV 5GKV FGO 'PFG FGU )TQJGT\QIVWOU GZKUVKGTV GT CNU *CWUQTFGP YGKVGT 8IN #FNGT .CTU &KG 1TFGPUUVKHVWPIGP FGT /CMTITCHGP XQP $CFGP 1HHGPDCEJ 5 HH
8005
8006
)TQJGT\QINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO <·JTKPIGT .ÌYGP /QFGNN EC #WUHÒJTWPI XQP ,Q UGRJ <WDGT EC 4KVVGTMTGW\ D\Y 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG CD )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK )NCUUVGKPG $CPFTKPI GTI·P\V CO CNVGP IGVTCIGPGP $CPF )- 1'- 4 ++
#WHITWPF FGT -QODKPCVKQP FKGUGT /GFCKNNQP /CNGTGK XIN )- 5 ++ OKV FGT HNCEJGP JQTK\QPVCN CPIGDTCEJVGP ¤UG N·V UKEJ FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT GKPFGWVKI CWU FGT 9GTMUVCVV XQP ,QUGRJ <WDGT KFGPVKHK\KGTGP FGT NCWV -NGPCW XQP DKU EC +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU XQO <·JTKPIGT .ÌYGP JGTIGUVGNNV JCV &GT \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP YWTFG CO ,CPWCT XQP 'TDITQJGT \QI %CTN PCOGPU )TQJGT\QI %CTN (TKGFTKEJ XQP $CFGP IGUVKHVGV 'TYGKVGTWPIGP 'TI·P\WPIGP WPF 8GT·PFGTWPIGP GTHQNIVGP WPF /KV FGO 7PVGTICPI FGT /QPCT EJKG KO 0QXGODGT GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG HÒT 8QTIGUGV\VG WPF MNGKPGTG 8GTFKGPUVG D\Y %KXKNXGTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG D\Y )TQJGT\QINKEJG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV )TQJGT\QI .GQ RQNFU 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV 8QTFGTUGKVGP 5VGORGN N·PIGTG 7O UEJTKHV WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN 2WPMVG FGU ª CO 4CPF 5KNDGT CWH FGO *CNUCDUEJPKVV 5VGORGNUEJPGK FGTUKIPCVWT ō-#%*'.ŋ QJPG $CPF 1'- 9< ++
.CWV 8QNNG 81.. 5 YWTFG FKGUG /GFCKNNG OCN KP FGP ,CJTGP XQP DKU XGTNKGJGP 5EJQP WPVGT /CTMITCH -CTN (TKGFTKEJ TGI UKPF 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNGP QJPG 8QTJCPFGPUGKP XQP FKGUDG\ÒINKEJGP 5VCVW VGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP 7O FKG 9GPFG \WO ,CJTJWPFGTV DKNFGVG UKEJ GKPG &TGKUVWHKIMGKV ITQG WPF MNGKPG IQN FGPG UKNDGTPG FGT #WU\GKEJPWPI JGTCWU #D )TQJGT\QI -CTN TGI GTJKGNVGP FKG /GFCKNNGP LGYGKNU FCU 2QTVTCKV FGU *GTTUEJGTU 'TUV CO 5GRVGODGT GTNKG )TQJGT\QI (TKGFTKEJ + FKG 5VCVWVGP HÒT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGT )TQJGT\QINKEJGP 8GTFKGPUV WPF 4GVVWPIUOGFCKNNGP FKG KO 4GIKGTWPIUDNCVV 0T .8+ XQP 5GKVG XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV YWTFGP #D FGO INGKEJGP ,CJT MQPPVGP FKG /GFCKNNGP HÒT -TKGIUXGTFKGPUV CWEJ CO $CPF FGU /KNV·TK UEJGP %CTN (TKGFTKEJ 8GTFKGPUV 1TFGPU D\Y FGT /GFCKNNG XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP /KV FGT #DUEJCHHWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG KO 0QXGODGT GPFGVG CWEJ FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGT 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNGP
15
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8007
8008
8009
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG HÒT 8QTIGUGV\VG WPF MNGKPGTG 8GTFKGPUVG D\Y %KXKNXGTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG D\Y )TQJGT\QINKEJG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV )TQ JGT\QI (TKGFTKEJ + #WUHÒJTWPI OKV FGT GVYCU N·PIGTGP 7OUEJTKHV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT KO *CNUCDUEJPKVV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT ō.-ŋ 4CPF MGTDG QJPG $CPF 1'- 9< 4 ++
.CWV 8QNNG 81.. 5 YWTFG FKGUG /GFCKNNG OCN KP FGP ,CJTGP XQP DKU XGTNKGJGP
-74(ª456'067/ $+5 70& -¤0+)4'+%* $#;'40
/KNKV·T /CZ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP -TGW\ FGT 4KVVGT #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP )QNFIW GOCKNNKGTV I QJPG 0WOOGTKGTWPI KO $CPFTKPI CO $CPF ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HÒT OKNKV·TKUEJG 6CRHGTMGKV YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI /CZKOKNKCP + ,QUGRJ OKV #T OGGDGHGJN XQO /·T\ WPVGT 4ÒEMFCVKGTWPI CWH FGP ,CPWCT KP #PNGJPWPI CP FCU UGKV DGUVGJGP FGP %JWTRHCN\ DC[GTKUEJGP 'JTGP\GKEJGPU IGUVKHVGV /KV UGKPGT 8GTNGKJWPI YCT FGT RGTUÌPNKEJG #FGN OKV FGT $G \GKEJPWPI 4KVVGT XQP XGTDWPFGP /KV FGT #DFCPMWPI -ÌPKI .WFYKIU +++ KO 0QXGODGT YWTFGP FKG 8GTNGKJWP IGP GKPIGUVGNNV 8IN -TCOGT 4WFQNH XQP WPF 9CNFGPHGNU 1VVQ (TGKJGTT XQP 8KTVWVK RTQ 2CVTKC &GT MÌPKINKEJ DC[GTKUEJG /KNKV·T /CZ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP -TKGIUVCVGP WPF 'JTGPDWEJ /ÒPEJGP 5 HH 7PF -NKGVOCPP -WTV ) $C[GTP /KNKV·T /CZ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP +P 1TFGPU .GZKMQP $CPF $GTNKP Q ,
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC ,CEQD .GUGT KP 5VTCW DKPI 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG 5EJ·FGP KP FGT DNCWGP 'OCKNNG XQP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG KP FGT #ITCHHG RWP\KGTV ō ŋ WPF ō, . ŋ CO MWT\GP CNVGP $CPF )- 1'- +++p+8
&GT \WP·EJUV HÒPHMNCUUKIG 1TFGP OKV CHHKNKKGTVGO /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI .WFYKI ++ CO ,WNK IGUVKHVGV 'T GTHWJT KO .CWHG UGKPGU $GUVGJGPU OGJTGTG 8GT·PFGTWPIGP WPF 'TYGKVGTWPIGP WPF #D DGUVCPF GT CWU -NCUUGP FKG OGKUV KP OGJTGTG )TCFG WPVGTVGKNV UKPF
)TQMTGW\ -NCUUG -NCUUG OKV WPF QJPG 5VGTP 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ 4KVVGT WPF -NCUUG OKV WPF QJPG -TQPG WPF FGO CHHKNKKGTVGP FTGKMNCUUKIGP /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV WPF QJPG -TQPG #D MQPPVGP CNNG -NCUUGP OKV 5EJYGTVGTP WPF CD CWEJ FKG -NCUUG WPF FCU )TQMTGW\ CNU *ÌJGTUVWHWPI OKV FGT -TQPG XGTNKGJGP YGT FGP /KV FGO 6JTQPXGT\KEJV -ÌPKI .WFYKIU +++ KO 0QXGODGT GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
8010
16
8011
8013
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ /QFGNN GKPMNCUUKI 5KNDGT /GFCKN NQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FGU NKPMGP -TGW\CTOU WPF 'OCKNNGUEJCFGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU QJPG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\GP CO PGWGP $CPF )- 1'- ++p+++ +++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ /QFGNN -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGT VGTP #PHGTVKIWPI XQP &GUEJNGT KP /ÒPEJGP #NRCMC 0GWUKNDGT XGTUKNDGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GKPGT 5EJYGTVURKV\G *GTUVGNNGT\GKEJGP & CO CNVGP MNGKPGP &TGKGEMUDCPF )- 1'- ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ /QFGNN -QPXQNWV XQP FTGK 8GTFKGPUV MTGW\GP -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CP $·PFGTP D\Y CP 6TCIGUEJPCNNG GKPGU KO 'VWK &C\W <YGK 5EJYCT\G 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP PQTOCNG WPF FWTEJDTQEJGPG #WUHÒJTWPI 5VÒEM ++
'NKUCDGVJGP 1TFGP -TGW\ FGT 1TFGPUDGCOVGP #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKP QDGTHN·EJNKEJGT 'OCKNNGEJKR CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO $CPF ++
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8014 1:1
.WFYKIUOGFCKNNG HÒT 9KUUGPUEJCHV WPF -WPUV )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG )QNF I OKV $CPF OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT , 4+'5 CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 81+)6 CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 3WGNNJQTUV KP /ÒPEJGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI .WFYKIU ++ 1'- 44 + 9GIGP FGT UVTGPIGP 4ÒEMICDGRHNKEJV PCEJ #DNGDGP FGU $GNKGJGPGP WPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK DGUQPFGTU UGNVGP &KG /GFCKNNG KUV CO #WIWUV XQP -ÌPKI .WFYKI ++ IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP #WHITWPF FGU 'VWKU FGT (KTOC 3WGNN JQTUV FKG NCWV -NGPCW KP )-. 5 ++ DKU GZKUVKGTVG OKV FGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI .WFYKIU ++ FGT CO ,WPK XGTUVQTDGP KUV FÒTHVG GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG 8GTNGKJWPI FWTEJ .WFYKI ++ CWU FGO <GKVTCWO XQP DKU JCPFGNP
8015
8016
8018 8017
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV XQP -ÌPKI /CZKOKNKCP + ,QUGRJ #WUICDG OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT , 4+'5 EC 5KNDGTPG /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG 5KN DGT OKV QTKIKPCNGO CNVGO XGTP·JVGO $CPF OKV 6TCIGMPQRH KO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU DGTKGDGPGP 8GTNGK JWPIUGVWK OKV UKNDGTHCTDGPGT #WHUEJTKHV OKV DGUEJ·FKIVGO 8GTUEJNW 1'- ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV XQP -ÌPKI /CZKOKNKCP + ,QUGRJ #WUICDG OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT , 4+'5 EC 5KNDGTPG /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT OKV GTI·P\VGO $CPFTKPI OKV QTKIKPCNGO CNVGO WPXGTP·JVGO $CPF 1'- +p++
6CFGNNQUG 'TJCNVWPI
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV XQP -ÌPKI /CZKOKNKCP + ,QUGRJ 5RCPIGPRT·IWPI PCEJ QJPG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT 5KNDGT \WUCOOGP OKV '- ++ CP <YGKGT 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV XQP -ÌPKI /CZKOKNKCP + ,QUGRJ /KPKCVWT FGT 5KNDGTPGP /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO 5EJNGKHEJGP ++
17
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8019
8020
8020
/KNKV·T &GPM\GKEJGP HÒT FKG ,CJTG WPF HÒT 1HHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP $TQP\G VNY FWPMGNITÒP NCEMKGTV CO CNVGP \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF KO PGWGP 'VWK 1'- ++
*ÒDUEJG 'TJCNVWPI OKV 1TKIKPCNDCPF PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
$C[GTKUEJGU (NWI\GWIUHÒJTGT #D\GKEJGP 'KPHCEJG *QJNRT·IWPI CWU 'KUGPDNGEJ XGTUKNDGTV 4QUVURWTGP OKV MWT\GO 0CFGNU[UVGO 1'- ++
8021
&GWVUEJGT -TKGIGTDWPF /ÒPEJGP /GFCKNNG HÒT L·JTKIG 8GTGKPU\WIGJÌTKIMGKV 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4ÒEM UGKVG 6T·IGTITCXWT ō/+%* $'6< ŋ QJPG $CPFTKPI WPF QJPG $CPF \WUCOOGP OKV 'JTGPIG UEJGPM \WT L·JTKIGP 'TKPPGTWPIUHGKGT FGU -TKGIGU XQP XGTUKNDGTV OKV 6T·IGTPCOG ō/+%*#'. $'6<ŋ KO QTKIKPCNGP 'VWK 5VÒEM ++
/KEJCGN $GV\ YCT 8GVGTCP FGU &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIGU
8022 1:1
'JTGPOGFCKNNG +P 6TGWG (GUV HÒT $C[GTKUEJG 5EJÒV\GPIGUGNNUEJCHVGP 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG PKEJV VTCI DCTG #WUHÒJTWPI &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT ō# 5%*#4((ŋ OKP 4CPFFGNNG KO DTCWPGP 'VWK )$* 44 ++ &KG 'JTGPOGFCKNNG YWTFG XQP 2TKP\TGIGPV .WKVRQNF XQP $C[GTP 2TQVGMVQT FGT $C[GTKUEJGP 5EJÒV \GPIGUGNNUEJCHVGP IGUVKHVGV .CWV )GDJCTFV KP )$* 5 UKPF DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT 5KNDGTOGFCKNNGP OKV WPF QJPG ¤UG IGRT·IV YQTFGP &KG VTCIDCTG #WUHÒJTWPI FGT /GFCKNNG YWTFG CP GKPGO YGK DNCWGP $CPF XGTNKGJGP
18
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8023
8024 8025
8026
5EJKGRTGKU FGT -ÌPKINKEJ $C[GTKUEJGP 7PVGTQHHK\KGTU 5EJWNG KP (ÒTUVGPHGNFDTWEM /GFCKNNG FGU ++ 5EJKGRTGKUGU &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT KO IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 'VWK ++
#D\GKEJGP FGT (GNFCTVKNNGTKUVGP FGU $G\KTMU 5QPVJQHGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGN NGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC )WUVCX &GUEJNGT KP /ÒPEJGP CP 0CFGN ++
)GFGPMCD\GKEJGP \WO L·JTKIGP ,WDKN·WO FGT -ÌPKIN 2TKX (GWGT 5EJÒV\GP )GUGNNUEJCHV \W #KEJCEJ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 2QGNNCVJ KP 5EJTQDGP JCWUGP CP 6TCIGURCPIG 4 ++
*'4<1)67/ $4#705%*9'+) $+5
*GT\QINKEJ $TCWPUEJYGKIKUEJGT 1TFGP *GKPTKEJU FGU .ÌYGP -NGKPQF FGT -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGTIW XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGO 4CPF FGT #ITCHHG /CTMG ō*+ŋ WPF XGTUEJNCIGPG 5KNDGTRWP\G ō ŋ CO MWT\GP CNVGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++
8027 1:1
-74(ª456'067/ $+5 70& -¤0+)4'+%* *#0018'4
)WGNRJGP 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV I OGJTGTG YKP\KIG 'OCKNNG DGUEJ·FKIWPIGP KO TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQP\GPVTWO CO UEJOCNGP CNVGP $CPFUVÒEM )- 1'- ++p .CWV -NGPCW KP )- 5 ++ YWTFGP XQP DKU CP *CPPQXGTCPGT EC WPF CP #WUN·PFGT EC WPF XQP DKU CP *CPPQXGTCPGT EC WPF CP #WUN·PFGT EC 4KVVGTMTGW\G OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP +P (QNIG FGT 'TJGDWPI FGU -WTHÒTUVGPVWOU *CPPQXGT \WO -ÌPKITGKEJ XQO 2TKP\TGIGPVGP )GQTI PCOGPU UGKPGU 8CVGTU -ÌPKI )GQTI +++ XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP +TNCPF WPF *CPPQXGT CO #WIWUV CNU FTGKMNCUUKIGT <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGUVKHVGV YCT GT \WP·EJUV GKP 1TFGP KPPGTJCND FGU DTKVKUEJGP 1TFGPU[UVGOU &WTEJ FCU 'PFG FGT 2GTUQPCNWPKQP \YKUEJGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP WPF *CPPQXGT YWTFG GT WPVGT -ÌPKI 'TPUV #WIWUV XQP *CPPQXGT GKP TGKP JCPPQXGTCPKUEJGT 1TFGP FGT KP FGT (QNIG\GKV OGJTHCEJG PFGTWPIGP GTHWJT KPHQNIG FGT #PPGZKQP *CPPQXGTU FWTEJ 2TGWGP YWTFG FGT KP\YKUEJGP XKGTMNCUUKIG FG HCEVQ HÒPHMNCUUKIG 1TFGP CWHIGJQDGP 8IN CWEJ 6JKGU #PFTGCU WPF *CRMG 9KNJGNO 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU -ÌPKITGKEJGU *CPPQXGT *CODWTI
19
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8028
8029
'TPUV #WIWUV 1TFGP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV IGUEJNQUUGPGP JGTCNFKUEJGP -ÌPKIUMTQPGP WPF UQIGP *GT \QIUJÒVGP \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV OKP $GUEJ·FKIWPIGP CWH 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT WPVGTGP NKPMGP -TGW\CTOURKV\G CO PGWGP $CPF )- 1'- ++
-NGPCW IKDV KP )- 5 ++ HÒT FKG ,CJTG XQP DKU 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU -NCUUG CP
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ FGU *CPPQXGTUEJGP .CPFGU -TKGIGTXGTDCPFGU 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKN NGOCNGTGK CO CNVGP MNGKPGP &TGKGEMUDCPF 44 ++
8030
8031 8033
.#0&)4#(5%*#(6 $+5 70& )4155*'4<1)67/ *'55'0 &#4/56#&6 70& $'+ 4*'+0
)TQJGT\QINKEJ *GUUKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUV 1TFGP 2JKNKRRU FGU )TQOÒVJKIGP D\Y )TQJGT\QINKEJ *GUUKUEJGT 2JKNKRRU 1TFGP CD /QFGNN OKV FGT $ÒUVG FGU .CPFITCHGP 2JKNKRR 4KVVGTMTGW\ D\Y 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG UGKV )QNF GOCKNNKGTV FKG $ÒUVG VNY CPIGNCWHGP 'OCKNNG UEJCFGP KO .ÌYGP FGU 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU CP QTKIKPCNGT ITQGT 'KPGT $QIGPDCPF 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG 1'- ++ ++p
)GUVKHVGV CO /CK XQP )TQJGT\QI .WFYKI ++ CNU XKGTMNCUUKIGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP )TQMTGW\ -QOVWTG WPF -NCUUG 4KVVGT YWTFG FGT 1TFGP ITWPFNGIGPF KP UGKPGT )GUVCNVWPI XGT·PFGTV WPF KP FGP ,CJTGP WPF GTHQNIVGP YGKVGTG 8GT·PFGTWPIGP DGUVCPF FGT 1TFGP CWU KPUIGUCOV UGEJU -NCUUGP
)TQMTGW\ -QOVWT WPF -NCUUG 'JTGPMTGW\ 4KVVGT WPF -NCUUG WPF GKPGO CHHKNKKGTVGP 5KNDGTPGP -TGW\ FKG CNNG CWGT FGO 'JTGPMTGW\ CNU *ÌJGTUVWHWPI OKV -TQPG XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP MQPPVGP 5·OVNKEJG -NCUUGP MQPPVGP CWEJ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP /KV FGO 7PVGTICPI FGT /QPCTEJKG KO 0QXGODGT GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
.#0&)4#(5%*#(6 $+5 70& $+5 70& -74(ª456'067/
*'55'0 -#55'.
*CWU 1TFGP XQO )QNFGPGP .ÌYGP /QFGNN OKV TÒEMUGKVKIGT ,CJTGU\CJN -NGKPQF Z OO .ÌYG KP UGJT RNCUVKUEJGT #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGTIW XGTIQNFGV I QJPG $CPFTKPI OKV $CPFTKPI CWU $TQP\G KO UEJYGFKUEJGP 5VKN CO PGWGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV 1'- ++
(ª456'06ª/'4 $+5 *1*'0.1*' 70& (ª456.+%*' (#/+.+'0 810 *1*'0.1*' 5'+6
*CWUQTFGP XQP FGT )QNFGPGP (NCOOG .CPIGU *CNUDCPF OQFGTPG #PHGTVKIWPI MQPHGMVKQPKGTV
*CWU WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP XQO 2JÌPKZ -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP )QNF IW GOCKNNKGTV I \YGK MCWO UKEJVDCTG 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWTGP CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FGU TGEJVGP -TGW \CTOU 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO $CPFCDUEJPKVV ++
20
+p++
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8034 1:1
(ª456'06ª/'4 $+5 *1*'0<1..'40 70& (ª456.+%*' (#/+.+' 810 *1*'0<1..'40 5+)/#4+0)'0 5'+6
(ÒTUVNKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP /QFGNN 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKN NKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG $CPF 1'- 44 ++
&KG -TGW\G UKPF NCWV .KPM WPF )CWIIGN KP .0- 5 H XQP DKU XQP FGT (KTOC *QUUCWGT KP $GTNKP WPF XQP DKU XQP FGT (KTOC % / 9GKUJCWRV 5ÌJPG KP *CPCW CPIGHGTVKIV YQTFGP &KG #WVQTGP PGPPGP KP .0- 5 GKPG <CJN XQP PWT 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGU 'JTGPMTGW\GU -NCUUG FGU /QFGNNU XQP DKU
8035
8036
8037
(ÒTUVNKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP /QFGNN UGKV 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU KO 5EJTKHVTKPI FGU TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPU CO $CPF 1'- ++
#PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGT GTUVGP *·NHVG FGU <YCP\KIUVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU .KPM WPF )CWIIGN IGDGP KP .0- 5 H HQN IGPFG 8GTNGKJWPIU\CJNGP CP XQP DKU XQP DKU XQP DKU XQP DKU WPF XQP DKU
%CTN #PVQP 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV GVYCU CPIGNCWHGP OKV 1TKIKPCNDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT -TQPG DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU , ) <KOOGTGT 5QJP KP 5KIOCTKPIGP 1'- 4 ++
+O QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP .CWV .KPM WPF )CWIIGN KP .0- 5 H UKPF KPUIGUCOV PWT )QNFGPG /GFCKNNGP XGTIGDGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP FKG 2TKP\GP WPF 2TKP\GUUKPPGP FGU (ÒTUVNKEJGP *CWUGU *QJGP \QNNGTP WPF FKG FKTGMVG 0CEJMQOOGPUEJCHV FGU (ÒTUVGP %CTN #PVQP CP FKG 2TKP\GP WPF 2TKP\GUUKPPGP FGU 2TGWK UEJGP -ÌPKIUJCWUGU UQHGTP UKG FCU .GDGPULCJT ÒDGTUEJTKVVGP JCDGP CP FKG YKEJVKIUVGP 0GHHGP WPF 0KEJVGP %CTN #PVQPU CEJV CP FKG /KVINKGFGT FGU )TQJGT\QINKEJ $CFKUEJGP *CWUGU WPF HÒPH CP YGKVGTG HÒTUVNKEJG 2GTUQPGP
(ª456'067/ .+22' &'6/1.& $+5
(ÒTUVNKEJ .KRRKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG /QPQITCOO ō.ŋ #PHGTVK IWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP OKV GKPVGKNKIGO 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP 5KNDGT OCUUKX XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I CO $CPF ++
&CU 'JTGPMTGW\ YWTFG CO 1MVQDGT XQP .GQRQNF +++ (ÒTUV \W .KRRG WPF #FQNRJ + )GQTI (ÒTUV \W 5EJCWODWTI .KRRG CNU IGOGKPUCOGT *CWUQTFGP OKV 5VGTP WPF %QTFQP HÒ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ÒJTV (ÒT #WU\GKEJPWPI KO -TKGI YWTFGP FKG 'JTGP MTGW\G OKV 5EJYGTVGTP FWTEJ FKG /KVVG XGTNKGJGP +P FGP ,CJTGP WPF GTHQNIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGT WPF FGT -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CO 4KPI #O #RTKN YWTFG WPVGT 9CNFGOCT (ÒTUV \WT .KRRG FGT UEJCWODWTIKUEJ NKRRKUEJG *CWUQTFGP CDIGVTGPPV FCU DKUJGTKIG /QPQITCOO FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG .# FWTEJ . GTUGV\V FKG DKUJGTKIG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI =5VGTP WPF %QTFQP HÒT FGP (ÒTUVGP -NCUUGP YQDGK FKG -NCUUG KP \YGK )TCFGP XGTNKGJGP YWTFG OKV WPF QJPG 'KEJGPNCWD WPF UVWHKIGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ KP )QNF WPF 5KNDGT ? #O /CK YWTFGP FKG +PUKIPKGP HÒT FKG (ÒTUVKP GKPIGHÒJTV WPF CO /CK CWEJ FKG -NCUUG KP \YGK )TCFG WPVGTVGKNV
OKV WPF QJPG 'KEJGPNCWD UQYKG GKP \YKUEJGP FGT -NCUUG WPF FGO )QNFGPGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ CPIGUKGFGNVGU <KXKN 'JTGPMTGW\ #O /CK YWTFG FGT 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 5VGTPU PGDUV %QTFQP CWEJ CP HTGOFG 5QWXGT·PG WPF 2TKP \GP UQWXGT·PGT *·WUGT GTOÌINKEJV #O /CK YWTFG CP 5VGNNG FGT DKUJGTKIGP -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD FCU 1HHK\KGTUGJTGPMTGW\ IGUVKHVGV WPF CO ,WPK FGU INGKEJGP ,CJTGU FCU <KXKN 'JTGPMTGW\ KP 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG #DVGKNWPI WODGPCPPV /KV FGT #DUEJCHHWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG KO 0QXGODGT YWTFGP CWEJ FKG 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGU 1TFGPU GKPIGUVGNNV CNNGTFKPIU NGDV FGT 1TFGP CNU TGKPGT *CWUQTFGP YGKVGT
21
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8039 8040 8038
(ª456.+%*' (#/+.+' <74 .+22' 5'+6
(ÒTUVNKEJ .KRRKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV CDIGTWPFGVGP 5VGTPURKV\GP 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP OGJTVGKNKI PCEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI PCEJ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV UEJOCNGO *CNUDCPF ++
(ÒTUVNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ FGT .KRRKUEJGP 4QUG -TGW\ + -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FCTCWH *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC % ( 4QVJG KP 9KGP 4 ++
&CU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ YWTFG PCEJ IGUVKHVGV WPF PWT UGJT MWT\ KP YGPKIGP 'ZGORNCTGP XGTNKGJGP DKU FKGU XQP FGT 1TFGPUMCP\NGK KO 2T·UKFKCNCOV WPVGTUCIV YWTFG
(ÒTUVNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ FGT .KRRKUEJGP 4QUG -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G %(4 FGT (KTOC % ( 4QVJG KP 9KGP CO $CPF 4 ++
8041 8043
8044
8042
(ª456'067/ 5%*#7/$74) .+22' $+5
(ÒTUVNKEJ 5EJCWODWTI .KRRKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV -TGW\ -NCUUG #XGTU /GFCKN NQP OKV TQV GOCKNNKGTVGO (GNF )QNF JQJN IGHGTVKIV VNY ITCXKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKN NQP OÌINKEJGTYGKUG PCEJGOCKNNKGTV YGNNKI CO $CPF 1'- ++
*'4<1)67/ $+5 70& )4155*'4<1)67/ /'%-.'0$74) 5%*9'4+0
)TGKHGP 1TFGP -QOVWTMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV OGJTVGKNKIGO /GFCKNNQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO PGWGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV 1'- ++
)TGKHGP 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV -TQPG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP UQIGP )TGKH OKV 'UGNUQJ TGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF ++
)TGKHGP 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV OGJTVGKNKIGO /GFCKNNQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP MNGKPGP &TGKGEMUDCPF 1'- ++
22
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8045 1:1
(ª456'067/ 0#55#7 75+0)'0 70& *'4<1)67/ 0#55#7
*GT\QINKEJ 0CUUCWKUEJGT /KNKV·T WPF <KXKN 8GTFKGPUV 1TFGP #FQNRJU XQP 0CUUCW /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ Z OO )QNF JQJN IGHGTVKIV ITCXKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I CO CNVGP $CPF FGU <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU XQO 0KGFGTN·PFKUEJGP .ÌYGP 1'- 44 +p++
5EJQQU IKDV KP 51 5 #PO HÒT FCU 4KVVGTMTGW\ QJPG WPF OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV 8GTNGKJWPIGP CP <KGJV OCP JKGXQP FKG XQP 4QUGPYCNF KP 1// 5 HH GKP\GNP DGNGIVGP XGTNKGJGPGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CD UQ XGTDNGKDV GKPG 8GTNGKJWPIU\CJN XQP PWT 4KVVGTMTGW\GP QJPG 5EJYGTVGT XQP DKU
8046
8047
8048
/GFCKNNG HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG .CPFYKTVUEJCHV 5KNDGTIWUU OKV )TCXGWTPCOGP ō<1../#00ŋ OGJTGTG 4GRCTCVWTGP 5EJ·FGP WPF 4CFFGNNGP UVCTM IGVTCIGP PCEJVT·INKEJ IGJGPMGNV OKV $CPF QFGT -GVVGPTKPI 44 +8
*'4<1)67/ $+5 70& )4155*'4<1)67/ 1.&'0$74)
*CW WPF 8GTFKGPUV 1TFGP FGU *GT\QIU 2GVGT (TKGFTKEJ .WFYKI -NGKPMTGW\ D\Y CD 4KVVGT MTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF DKU JQJN IGHGTVKIV VNY ITCXKGTV WPF \KUGNKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO PGWGP $CPF 1'- ++
$G[TGK HÒJTV KP $;1 5 H WPF 5 CWU FC NCWV 4GEJPWPIU WPF $GUVCPFUXGT\GKEJPKUUGP FGU 1TFGPUTGPV OGKUVGTU XQP DKU GKPUEJNKGNKEJ KPUIGUCOV -NGKPMTGW\G DKU D\Y 4KVVGTMTGW\G -NCUUG CD IGNKGHGTV YQTFGP UKPF YQXQP LGFQEJ XQP CP 'ZGORNCTG KP XGTIQNFGVGO 5KNDGT CWUIGHÒJTV YCTGP UQ FC XQP DKU GKPUEJNKGNKEJ -NGKPMTGW\G D\Y 4KVVGTMTGW\G -NCUUG IGNKGHGTV YQTFGP UKPF 8QP DKU UKPF 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGU -NGKPMTGW\GU D\Y FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU -NCUUG WPF 8GTNGKJWPIGP KPUIG UCOV CNUQ XGTNGKJWPIGP GTHQNIV
-¤0+)4'+%* 24'755'0
*QJGT 1TFGP XQO 5EJYCT\GP #FNGT 1TFGPMTGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO 5EJWNVGTDCPF ++
23
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8049
8050
*QJGT 1TFGP XQO 5EJYCT\GP #FNGT )GUVKEMVGT $TWUVUVGTP 5EJCDTCEMGPUVGTP Z OO 5KNDGTNCCP QJPG #DFGEMRCRKGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG -NGDGTGUVG ++
1TFGP 2QWT NG O¾TKVG 'KPUGKVKIG 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPI FGU )TQMTGW\GU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++
5GJT UEJÌPGU 'TUCV\GZGORNCT CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP FKGUGT KO 1TKIKPCN PKEJV DGUEJCHHDCTGP XQP -ÌPKI 9KN JGNO + IGUVKHVGVGP WPF CNU )TQMTGW\ DG\GKEJPGVGP -NCUUG FKG KPUIGUCOV PWT HÒPH OCN XGTNKGJGP YWTFG -TQPRTKP\ (TKGFTKEJ WPF 2TKP\ (TKGFTKEJ -CTN XQP 2TGWGP -ÌPKI 9KNJGNO + <CT #NGZCPFGT ++ XQP 4WNCPF WPF )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN XQP /QNVMG
8051
8052
8053
1TFGP 2QWT NG O¾TKVG NVGTG <YGKVCPHGTVKIWPI FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU 5KNDGT )W! VNY ITCXKGTV XGTIQN FGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGO 4CPF FGU 6TCIGUGIOGPVU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV 5KNDGTRWP\G *GT UVGNNGTRWP\G ō%(4ŋ FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP WPF ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJG ō6WMCP 2WP\Gŋ CD HÒT GT 5KNDGT CO ·NVGTGP LGFQEJ PGW MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP 2QWT NG O¾TKVG <YGKUGKVKIG OQFGTPG 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPI FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQN FGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO \WO &TGKGEMUDCPF FTCRKGTVGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++
1TFGP 2QWT NG O¾TKVG 'KPUGKVKIG OQFGTPG 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPI FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG )GU )GUEJ OKV *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV KO 'VWK FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP ++
1TFGP 2QWT NG O¾TKVG -QPXQNWV XQP FTGK GKP WPF DGKFUGKVKIGP OQFGTPGP 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPIGP FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV \YGK CP $CPFCDUEJPKVVGP ++
24
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8055 1:1
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV \KGIGNTQVGO #FNGT -TGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGO <[NKPFGT *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ō* 5 ŋ FGT (KTOC *WODGTV WPF 5ÌJPG KP $GTNKP KO 4CPF GKPGU -TGW\CTOU 2TÒHURWT FGT $CPFTKPI KP FGT HÒT FKG 5VÒEMG FGT (KTOC *WODGTV V[RKUEJGP TWPFGP (QTO QJPG $CPF 1'- 24- C +p++ 'ZVTGO UGNVGPGU HTÒJGU 'ZGORNCT FGU /QFGNNU KP CDUQNWVGO $GUV\WUVCPF FCU PCEJ #PICDGP XQP &T 2GVGTU 5CW GTYCNF \YKUEJGP WPF CPIGHGTVKIV YQTFGP KUV FC *WODGTV 5ÌJPG PWT DKU \W FKGUGO ,CJT IGCTDGKVGV JCDGP 7TURTÒPINKEJ XQP 'TDRTKP\ )GQTI 9KNJGNO XQP $TCPFGPDWTI $C[TGWVJ CNU GKPMNCUUKIGT 1TFGP FG NC 5KPEGTKV¾ IGUVKHVGV YWTFG GT PCEJ ªDGTPCJOG FGT /CTMITCHUEJCHV FWTEJ 2TGWGP ÒDGTPQOOGP WPF KO (QNIGPFGP UWM\GU UKXG FWTEJ \CJNTGKEJG PFGTWPIGP 'TI·P\WPIGP WPF 'TYGKVGTWPIGP GTJGDNKEJ CWUIGDCWV 'T XGTHÒIVG CO 5EJNW ÒDGT UGEJU -NCUUGP -GVVG )TQMTGW\ DKU -NCUUG XQP FGPGP FKG \YGKVG KP \YGK 5VWHGP WPVGTVGKNV YCT OKV GKPGT CHHKNKKGTVGP /GFCKNNG XQP FGPGP FKG +PUKIPKGP OKV \CJNTGKEJGP $GK\GKEJGP 5EJYGTVGT 5EJYGTVGT CO 4KPI $TKNNCPVGP -TQPG 'KEJGPNCWD ,WDKN·WOU\CJN ,QJCPPKVGTMTGW\ 5EJYGTV WPF 5\GRVGT 'OCKNNGDCPF FGU -TQPGPQT FGPU -QODKPCVKQPGP OÌINKEJ XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP MQPPVGP YCU \W GKPGT IGTCFG\W WPÒDGTUKEJVNKEJGP #TVGPXKGNHCNV HÒJTVG /KV FGO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG KUV CWEJ FGT 1TFGP WPVGTIGICPIGP
8057
8058 8056 Rv.
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV \KGIGNTQVGO #FNGT -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK GKPKIG QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGEJKRU CWH FGO 4GXGTU /GFCKNNQP HGKPG )QNFUVCWD 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU RWP\KGTV ō ŋ QJPG *GTUVGNNGTOCTMG CO ·NVGTGP LGFQEJ PKEJV \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP *CNUDCPF 1'- 24- D ++
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV \KGIGNTQVGO #FNGT -TGW\ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI
OKV IGMÌTPVGP -TGW\CTOGP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU 4KV\OCTMG ō9ŋ CO CNVGP $CPF 1'- 24- C ++
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV \KGIGNTQVGO #FNGT -TGW\ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI
OKV IGMÌTPVGP -TGW\CTOGP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK 'OCKNNGEJKR CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU 4KV\OCTMG ō0ŋ CO CNVGP MNGKPGP &TGKGEMUDCPF 1'- 24- C ++p+++
25
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8061
8060
8059
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV ITQGT RTGWKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG KO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP UGKV EC -TGW\ -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I QJPG 4KPI CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU 4KV\OCTMG ō9ŋ WPF 2WP\G ō ŋ CO PGWGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF ++
8QP -ÌPKI 9KNJGNO + CWU #PNC UGKPGT -TÌPWPI CO 1MVQDGT IGUVKHVGV .CWV *ÒUMGP KP *2 5 GTHWJT FKG -TQPG KO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQP GKPG GTUVG PFGTWPI XQP GKPGT CNNIGOGKPGP JGTCNFKUEJGP -ÌPKIUMTQPG KP GKPG ōMNGKPGŋ RTGWKUEJG -ÌPKIUMTQPG WPF EC GKPG \YGKVG XQP FGT ōMNGKPGPŋ KP FKG ōITQGŋ RTGWKUEJG -ÌPKIUMTQPG 'T XGTHÒIVG ÒDGT XKGT -NCUUGP XQP FGPGP FKG \YGKVG KP \YGK 5VWHGP OKV WPF QJPG $TWUV UVGTP WPVGTVGKNV YCT OKV GKPGT CHHKNKKGTVGP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG UGKV &KG +PUKIPKGP MQPPVGP OKV \CJNTGKEJGP $GK\GKEJGP 5EJYGTVGT 5EJYGTVGT CO 4KPI 'KEJGPNCWD $TKNNCPVGP ,WDKN·WOU\CJN )GPHGT -TGW\ 'OCKNNGDCPF FGU 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGPU -QODKPCVKQPGP OÌINKEJ XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP YCU ·JPNKEJ YKG DGKO 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGP \W GKPGT ITQGP #TVGPXKGNHCNV HÒJTVG /KV FGO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG KO 0QXGODGT KUV CWEJ FKGUGT 1TFGP WPVGTIG ICPIGP
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV ITQGT RTGWKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG KO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP UGKV EC -TGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGO <[NKPFGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō%ŋ QFGT ō)ŋ CO PGWGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV 1'- 24- C ++
'ZGORNCT GKPGU YQJN UGNVGPGP *GTUVGNNGTU KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGO 'TJCNVWPIU\WUVCPF
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV ITQGT RTGWKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG KO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP UGKV EC -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I MCWO UKEJVDCTG 'OCKNNGEJKRU KO TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5EJYGTVGT IGNÌVGV CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU 2WP\GP 9 WPF VNY UVCTM CPIGNCWHGP CO CNVGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV 1'- 24- D ++
8062
8063
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV ITQGT RTGWKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG KO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP UGKV EC -TGW\ -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 9CIPGT KP $GTNKP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU 4KV\OCTMG ō9ŋ CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\GP 8GT NGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO 1'- 24- C ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP -TGW\ FGT 4KVVGT OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOGU 4KV\OCTMG ō(4ŋ HÒT (TKGFN·PFGT KP $GTNKP WPF 5KNDGT RWP\G ō ŋ CO CNVGP $CPF 1'- 24- D ++
&GT 1TFGP YWTFG CO &G\GODGT CNU IGOGKPUCOGT 1TFGP FGT DGKFGP HÒTUVNKEJGP *·WUGT XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP XQP (ÒTUV (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGO %QPUVCPVKP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP *GEJKPIGP WPF (ÒTUV %CTN XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP 5KIOCTKPIGP IGUVKHVGV +P (QNIG FGU 5VCCVUXGTVTCIGU \YKUEJGP FGO -ÌPKITGKEJ 2TGWGP WPF FGP DGKFGP JQJGP\QNNGTUEJGP (ÒTUVGP VÒOGTP XQO &G\GODGT KP FGO FKG ªDGTICDG FGT DGKFGP NGV\VGTGP CP 2TGWGP IGTGIGNV YQTFGP YCT UVKHVGVG -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +8 XQP 2TGWGP CO ,CPWCT FGP -ÌPKINKEJGP *CWUQTFGP KP \YGK #DVGKNWPIGP
#DVGKNWPI -TGW\G #DVGKNWPI #FNGT OKV LGYGKNU FTGK -NCUUGP )TQMQOVWT -QOVWT WPF 4KVVGT YQ\W PQEJ GKP
26
DEUTSCHE STAATEN 5KNDGTPGU -TGW\ D\Y GKP 5KNDGTPGT #FNGT JKP\WMCO FKG CNU -NCUUG CD CNU ō+PJCDGTŋ DG\GKEJPGV YWTFGP +P FGP 5VKHVWPIUUVCVWVGP YCT \WFGO PQEJ CNU GKPOCN \W XGTNGKJGPFG #WU\GKEJPWPI FKG *QJGP\QNNGTUEJG &GPMOÒP\G XQTIGUGJGP ō \WT $GNQJPWPI HÒT FKGLGPKIGP YGNEJG KP FGP XGTUEJKGFGPGP KO ,CJTG WPF XQTIG HCNNGPGP )GHGEJVGP KJTG 6TGWG DGYCJTV JCDGPŋ YWTFGP CNU DGUQPFGTG 1TFGPUMNCUUG \WO )TQMQOVWT CP CEJV UVTCJNKIGT WPF \WO -QOVWT GKP UGEJUUVTCJNKIGT $TWUVUVGTP IGUVKHVGV GTHQNIVG HÒT CNNG -NCUUGP FGT GTUVGP #DVGK NWPI FKG 5VKHVWPI FGT 5EJYGTVGT HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG XQT FGO (GKPF WPF FGT 5EJYGTVGT CO 4KPI #NU DGUQPFGTGT )PC FGPGTYGKU MQPPVGP FKG +PUKIPKGP FGT )TQMQOVWTG FGT #DVGKNWPI KP $TKNNCPVGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP +P FGT \YGKVGP *·NHVG FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU CD FKGPVG FCU 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CNU DGUQPFGTG 6CRHGTMGKVUCWU\GKEJPWPI WPF CNU 8QTTCWUUGV\WPI HÒT GKPG UR·VGTG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 1TFGPU ō2QWT NG O¾TKVGŋ -CKUGT 9KNJGNO ++ JCV PCEJ KP UGKPGO 'ZKN DGKFG #DVGKNWPIGP DKU \W UGKPGO 6QF YGKVGT XGTNKGJGP
8064
8065
-ÌPKINKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP #FNGT FGT )TQMQOVWTG WPF -QOVWTG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU 5EJTKHVDCPFGU 4KV\OCTMG ō9ŋ CO *CNUDCPF ++
5GJT UEJÌPGU 'TUCV\GZGORNCT CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP FKGUGT KO 1TKIKPCN PWT UGJT UEJYGT DGUEJCHHDCTGP -NCUUG FKG KP PWT YGPKIGP 'ZGORNCTGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV
-ÌPKINKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP #FNGT FGT )TQMQOVWTG WPF -QOVWTG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\GP CO \WT 5EJNGKHG IGHCNVGVGP PGWGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++
5GJT UEJÌPGU 'TUCV\GZGORNCT CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP FKGUGT KO 1TKIKPCN PWT UGJT UEJYGT DGUEJCHHDCTGP -NCUUG FKG KP PWT YGPKIGP 'ZGORNCTGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV
8066
8067
8068 Rv.
-ÌPKINKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP #FNGT FGT 4KVVGT GKPHCEJG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO NCPIGP $CPF ++
0GVVGU 'TUCV\GZGORNCT CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP FKGUGT KO 1TKIKPCN PWT UGJT UEJYGT DGUEJCHHDCTGP -NCUUG FKG KP PWT YGPKIGP 'ZGORNCTGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV
-ÌPKINKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP #FNGT FGT +PJCDGT #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGTIWUU VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF KP GKPGO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\GP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP #FNGT FGT +PJCDGT #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGTIWUU VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF ++
27
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8070 1:1 8069 1:1
$CNNG[ $TCPFGPDWTI 4KVVGTNKEJGP 1TFGPU 5V ,QJCPPKU XQO 5RKVCN \W ,GTWUCNGO ,QJCPPKVGTQTFGP -TGW\ FGT -QOOGPFCVQTGP WPF 'JTGPMQOOGPFCVQTGP )QNF IGRTÒHV GOCKNNKGTV OKP %JKR KP GKPGT -TGW\CTOURKV\G I QJPG LGINKEJG 2WP\KGTWPI QFGT *GTUVGNNGTMGPP\GKEJPWPI QJPG *CNUDCPF 44 ++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO 1MVQDGT 0T +P GEJV IQNFGPGT #WUHÒJTWPI UGJT UGNVGP 'PVYGFGT JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG UEJYGFKUEJG QFGT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI FC FGTGP 1TFGPUTKVVGT DKU D\Y FKG +PUKIPKGP FGT $CNNG[ $TCPFGPDWTI VTWIGP QFGT WO GKPG FGWVUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI XQP PCEJ CNUQ OÌINKEJGTYGKUG CWU FGT <GKV FGT 9GKOCTGT 4GRWDNKM GT D\Y GT ,CJTG /KV &CVWO XQO 1MVQDGT GTTKEJVGVG -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +8 CWU FGO DKUJGTKIGP -ÌPKINKEJ 2TGWK UEJGP ,QJCPPKVGTQTFGP YKGFGT FKG $CNNG[ $TCPFGPDWTI FGU ,QJCPPKVGTQTFGPU CD WPVGT FGT .GKVWPI GKPGU *GT TGPOGKUVGTU WPF VGKNVG FGTGP 4KVVGT KP FTGK 5VWHGP GKP -QOVWTG CD -QOOGPFCVQTGP WPF 'JTGPMQOOGPFCVQ TGP 4GEJVUTKVVGT WPF 'JTGPTKVVGT YWTFG FKG 5VWHG FGT 'JTGPOKVINKGFGT GKIGHÒJTV WPF NKG UKEJ -ÌPKI 9KNJGNO ++ GKPG GKIGPG 2TQVGMVQTFGMQTCVKQP CPHGTVKIGP 6TQV\ \CJNTGKEJGT $GUEJT·PMWPIGP DGUVGJV FGT 1TFGP CWEJ Y·JTGPF FGU &TKVVGP 4GKEJGU IGPGJOKIVG $WPFGURT·UKFGPV 6JGQFQT *GWUU FKG $CNNG[ $TCPFGPDWTI FGU ,QJCPPKVGTQTFGPU WPF CO ,WPK IGPGJOKIVG GT FKG HQNIGPFGP 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP *GTTGPOGKUVGTMTGW\ -TGW\ FGT 'JTGPOKVINKGFGT -QOGPFCVQTGPMTGW\ 4GEJVUTKVVGTMTGW\ WPF 'JTGPTKVVGTMTGW\
$CNNG[ $TCPFGPDWTI 4KVVGTNKEJGP 1TFGPU 5V ,QJCPPKU XQO 5RKVCN \W ,GTWUCNGO ,QJCPPKVGTQTFGP -TGW\ FGT 4GEJVUTKVVGT )QNF IGRTÒHV VNY ITCXKGTV WPF \KUGNKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I OKP *CCTTK KP GKPGO -TGW\CTO CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP ITCXKGTVGU *GTUVGNNGT\GKEJGP ō(ŋ CO PGWGP $CPFCDUEJPKVV 1'- 24- C ++
8071 1:1
.WKUGP 1TFGP #DVGKNWPI 1TFGPUMTGW\ OKV FGP ,CJTGU\CJNGP Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV 5EJNGKHG CP QTKIKPCNGT CNVGT GVYCU CWUIGDNGKEJVGT &COGPUEJNGKHG 1'- 24- 4 ++ <YGKHGNUHTGKGU \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT YQJN CWU FGT /KVVG FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU
28
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8072 1:1
&QOMCRKVGN \W $TCPFGPDWTI CP FGT *CXGN *CNUMTGW\ FGT YGNVNKEJGP 'JTGP &QOJGTTGP UGKV Z OO $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV *2 44 ++
+O ,CJTG NKGHGTVG FKG (KTOC -NKGVOCPP KP $GTNKP CWH $GUVGNNWPI FGU 'JTGPFQOJGTTP &T (GTFKPCPF (TKGFGPUDWTI GKPG 5GTKG PGW CPIGHGTVKIVGT &QOJGTTGPMTGW\G PCEJ FGO 8QTDKNF FGT CNVGP XQP (TKGFTKEJ FGO )TQGP IGUVKH VGVGP +PUKIPKGP &KGUG YCTGP HQTVCP \WT 8GTICDG CP FKG YGNVNKEJGP 'JTGPFQOJGTTP DGUVKOOV 'KP RTQOKPGPVGT 'JTGP FQOJGTT KUV FGT GJGOCNKIG 1DGTMQUKUVQTKCNTCV FGT 'XCPIGNKUEJGP -KTEJG KP $GTNKP WPF GJGOCNKIG /KPKUVGTRT·UKFGPV FGU .CPFGU $TCPFGPDWTI &T /CPHTGF 5VQNRG 8IN CWEJ (GFGT -NCWU #WU\GKEJPWPIGP FGT GXCPIGNKUEJGP -KTEJG XQP DKU JGWVG FCTIGUVGNNV CO $GKURKGN FGU &QOUVKHVGU $TCPFGPDWTI +P 25 5 HH -NKGVOCPP WPF 0GWDGEMGT &QOMCRKVGN \W $TCPFGPDWTI +P 1TFGPUNGZKMQP 1JPG 1TV WPF QJPG ,CJT )TKV\PGT /CZKOKNKCP &QOMCRKVGN $TCPFGPDWTI +P &KG #NVRTGWKUEJGP CWHIGJQDGPGP &QO -QNNGIKCVG FGTGP KPPGTG 8GTHCUUWPI WPF KJTG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 1UPCDTÒEM
8073 1:1
9CNRWTIKWU &COGPUVKHV \W 5QGUV KP 9GUVHCNGP -TGW\ FGT 5VKHVUFCOGP /QFGNN Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV &COGPUEJNGKHG HGKPUVG 'OCKNNKGOCNGTGK CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW \CTOU 4KV\OCTMG ō'ŋ -TQPG UVCTT OKV FGO -TGW\ XGTDWPFGP CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP &C OGPUEJNGKHG *2 44 + 'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO 1MVQDGT 0T 5VKHVUFGMQTCVKQP XQP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV KP GKPGT JGTXQTTCIGPFGP #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV·V YQJN CWU FGT \YGKVGP *·NHVG FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU WPF KP GKPGT CDUQNWV JGTXQTTCIGPFGP 'TJCNVWPI 0CEJ )TKV\PGT )TKV\PGT /CZKOKNKCP *CPFDWEJ FGT KO &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJG KP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 7PICTP &·PGOCTM 5EJYGFGP WPF FGP 4WUUKUEJGP 1UVUGGRTQXKP \GP DGUVGJGPFGP &COGPUVKHVGT WPF KO 4CPIG INGKEJUVGJGPFGT 9QJNV·VKIMGKVUCPUVCNVGP PGDUV FGP 1TFGPU\GKEJGP FGT 'TUVGTGP (TCPMHWTV C / 5 HH CNU (TCWGPMNQUVGT DGTGKVU IGITÒPFGV YWTFG GU KP (QNIG FGT 4GHQT OCVKQP KO ,CJTJWPFGTV KP GKP IGOKUEJV MQPHGUUKQPGNNGU HTGKYGNVNKEJGU CFNKIGU &COGPUVKHV WOIGYCPFGNV FCU KP (QNIG GKPGU &GMTGVU -CKUGT 0CRQNGQPU + XQO &G\GODGT CO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP YWTFG 0CEJ FGT 4ÒEMMGJT 9GUVHCNGPU WPVGT FKG -TQPG 2TGWGPU YWTFG FCU 5VKHV PGW IGITÒPFGV /KV -CDKPGVVU 1TFGT XQO ,CPWCT JCVVG -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ ++ FGT )TQG XQP 2TGWGP FGO 5VKHV DGTGKVU 5VKHVUFGMQTCVKQPGP XGTNKGJGP DGUVGJGPF CWU -TGW\ WPF $TWUVUVGTP /KV FGT 0GWITÒPFWPI CNU GXCPIGNKUEJGU &COGPUVKHV GTJKGNV GU CWEJ PGW IGUVCNVGVG 5VKHVUFGMQTCVKQPGP
29
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8075
8076
8077 1:1
#NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP -NCUUG /QFGNN 5KNDGT OKV QTKIKPCNGO CNVGO $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\GP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK &C\W %JCTNQVVGPMTGW\ FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU 9ÒTVVGODGTI 5KNDGT CO $CPF 1'- ++
4QVG -TGW\ /GFCKNNG 4QVG -TGW\ /GFCKNNG -NCUUG 5VGEMMTGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP
CWU GKPGO 5VÒEM IGHGTVKIV 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN ++
¤NDGTI -TGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG 5RTÒPIG WPF %JKRU KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG CO $CPF ++p
5EJÒV\GPOGFCKNNG &'/ $'56'0 5%*ª6<'0 -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNOU +8 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT KO *CNUCDUEJPKVV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT ō.'55'-ŋ CO XGTH·TDVGP CNVGP $CPF ++
8078
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WUICDG -TGW\ -NCUUG XGTNKGJGPGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT IGUEJY·T\VGT 'KUGP MGTP OKV 5KNDGT\CTIG CO CNVGP QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF HÒT -·ORHGT OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 'KEJGPNCWDURCPIG 5KNDGT CP 6TCIGMPQRH OKV /KPKCVWT CP 6TCIGMPQRH 1'- 24- 5VÒEM ++ &CU 'KUGTPG -TGW\ YWTFG CWH RGTUÌPNKEJG +PKVKCVKXG CO /·T\ XQP -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ KP FTGK -NCUUGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG )TQMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU CNU -TKGIU 'JTGP \GKEJGP KO DGUVGJGPFGP 8GTVGKFKIWPIUHCNN HÒT FCU 8GTFKGPUV YGNEJGU KP FGO LGV\V CWUDTGEJGPFGP -TKGIG GPVYGFGT KO YKTMNKEJGP -CORH OKV FGO (GKPFG QFGT CWGTFGO KO (GNFG QFGT FCJGKO LGFQEJ KP $G\KGJWPI CWH FKGUGP ITQGP -CORH WO (TGKJGKV WPF 5GNDUVUV·PFKIMGKV GTYQTDGP YKTF XGTNKGJGP 5VKHVWPIUWTMWPFG 'U UQNNVG PCEJ FGO CWU FTÒEMNKEJGP 9KNNGP FGU -ÌPKIU KP FGT WPF -NCUUG QJPG #PUGJGP XQP 2GTUQP WPF *GTMWPHV CP LGFGP /CPP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP FGT UKEJ FGUUGP CNU YÒTFKI GTYKGU +P FGT (QNIG\GKV YWTFG FCU 'KUGTPG -TGW\ \WO 5[ODQN FGT $GHTGKWPIUMTKGIG WPF GTTGKEJVG GKP JQJGU #PUGJGP +P (QNIG FGT -TKGIUGTMN·TWPI (TCPMTGKEJU CP 2TGWGP CO ,WNK GTPGWGTVG -ÌPKI 9KNJGNO + XQP 2TGWGP FCU 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ YGPKIG 6CIG UR·VGT TÒEMFCVKGTV CWH FGP 6CI FGT -TKGIUGTMN·TWPI (TCPMTGKEJU =8IN CWEJ W X C 5EJPGKFGT .QWKU &KG 2TGWKUEJGP 1TFGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CU $WEJ XQO 'KUGTPGP -TGW\G $GTNKP *ÒVVG 9GTPGT 1VVQ &KG )GUEJKEJVG FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU WPF UGKPG $GFGWVWPI HÒT FCU RTGWKUEJG WPF FGWVUEJG #WU\GKEJPWPIUYGUGP XQP DKU \WT )GIGPYCTV $QPP 0KOOGTIWV ,ÌTI *I &CU 'KUGTPG -TGW\ .ÒFGPUEJGKF )GKNGT *CTCNF &CU 'KUGTPG -TGW\ XQP DKU JGWVG 0QTFGTUVGFV $QYGP 8 ' 6JG 2TWUUKCP CPF )GTOCP +TQP %TQUU #WH NCIG QJPG 1TV WPF QJPG ,CJT 2TGXKVGTC 5VGRJGP 6JQOCU 6JG +TQP 6KOG # *KUVQT[ QH 6JG +TQP %TQUU #WHNCIG ?
30
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8079
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WICDG )TQMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU QTKIKPCNIGVTGWG FTGKVGKNKIG #WUUVGN NWPIU #PHGTVKIWPI 'KUGPMGTP OCIPGVKUEJ IGUEJY·T\V WPF PCEJNCEMKGTV 5KNDGT\CTIG OKV CNVGO $CPF UVÒEM ++
*GTXQTTCIGPFGU CNVGU 'TUCV\GZGORNCT HÒT GKP KO 1TKIKPCN PKEJV \W DGUEJCHHGPFGU 5VÒEM FCU Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU PWT XKGT OCN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV CO CP )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI CO CP )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN XQP /CEMGPUGP CO CP )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN 2TKP\ .GQRQNF XQP $C[GTP WPF CO CP )GPGTCNHGNF\GWIOGKUVGT 'TKEJ .WFGPFQTHH
8080
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WICDG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ + -NCUUG HNCEJG #WUHÒJTWPI 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV ō91ŋ CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP UKNDGTP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIU GVWK 1'- C ++
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WICDG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ + -NCUUG HNCEJG #WUHÒJTWPI 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV ō-1ŋ CP 0CFGN 1'- 24- C ++p+++
ex 8082
8081
8083 Rv.
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WICDG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ + -NCUUG HNCEJG #WUHÒJTWPI 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG CNVG )TCXWT ō&1.+0# 2# 5.#)(#.6'6 ŋ CP 0CFGN FKGUG RWP\KGTV 5 9 FGT (KTOC 5[ 9CIPGT KP $GTNKP &C\W &GWVUEJG 'JTGPFGPMOÒP\G FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU FGU 1TFGPUTCVGU FGT &GWVUEJGP 'JTGPNGIKQP CO $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGO -CORHCD\GKEJGP WPF -TKGIUFGPM OÒP\G FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJUMTKGIGTDWPFGU -[HHJ·WUGT QJPG $CPF 1'- 24- C 5VÒEM ++
#WHITWPF FGT )TCXWT KP UEJYGFKUEJGT 5RTCEJG FKG CWH FGO 5EJNCEJVHGNF DGFGWVGV KUV CP\WPGJOGP FC GU UKEJ JKGT DGK WO GKPG 8GTNGKJWPI XQO ,WPK CP FGT (TQPV CP FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 5VCCVUCPIGJÌTKIGP &QNKPC (TGKYKNNKIGT QFGT -TKGIUDGQDCEJVGT JCPFGNV
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WICDG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ + -NCUUG IGYÌNDVG #WUHÒJTWPI 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG PGWG )TCXWT ō #&1.( 4+0-'4ŋ CP \YGK 5EJTCWDGP FCXQP GKPG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG /KV 5RGPFGP 7TMWPFG 0T FGU $WPFGU FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU &GWVUEJGT 2CVTKQVGP KP #OGTKMC HÒT #FQNH 4KPMGT FCVKGTV IGHCNVGV 1'- 24- E 5VÒEM ++
*ÌEJUVKPVGTGUUCPVGU \GKVIGUEJKEJVNKEJGU 'PUGODNG \WT 5[ORCVJKG FGWVUEJUV·OOKIGT #OGTKMCPGT HÒT FCU &GWVUEJG 4GKEJ \W $GIKPP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU
31
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8084
8089 Rv.
8086
8085
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WICDG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ + -NCUUG HNCEJG #WUHÒJTWPI 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG CP 0CFGN FKGUG RWP\KGTV - # ) 1'- 24- C ++
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WICDG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ + -NCUUG IGYÌNDVG #WUHÒJTWPI 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V <CTIG XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK 1'- 24- D ++
-TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G /KPKCVWT FGT #WUHÒJTWPI OKV TWPFGP -TGW\CTOGPFGP CP UKNDGTPGT 6TCIG URCPIG CO MWT\GP 1TKIKPCNDCPFUVÒEM 4 ++
-QPXQNWV XQP UKGDGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\GP WPF -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUFGPMOÒP\GP FGT -TKGIG DKU &CTWPVGT WPF #WUHÒJTWPIGP OKV IGTCFGP -TGW\CTOGPFGP $TQP\G KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP LGYGKNU CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++ ++p+++
-QPXQNWV XQP UKGDGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\GP WPF -TKGIUFGPMMTGW\GP FGT -TKGIG WPF &CTWPVGT #NUGP WPF &ÒRRGNMTGW\G 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP LGYGKNU CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
-WTJGUUKUEJG ,WDKN·WOUFGPMOÒP\G #WUICDG OKV &CVWO 018'/$'4 IGRT·IVGU 'ZGORNCT $TQP\G CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF 1'- 24- ++
8091 8090
8093
#D\GKEJGP \WT 'KPJWPFGTVLCJTHGKGT FGU $GUVGJGPU FGU )CTFG )TGPCFKGT 4GIKOGPVU -CKUGT #NGZCP FGT XQP 4WNCPF 0T KO ,CJT $TQP\GIW XGTIQNFGV TÒEMUGKVKIG 0CFGN CDIGDTQEJGP 4 ++ +8
#D\GKEJGP FGU $TCPFGPDWTIKUEJGP 7NCPGP 4GIKOGPVU -CKUGT #NGZCPFGT ++ XQP 4WNCPF 0T 8GTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN ++
-QPXQNWV XQP QHHK\KGNNGP WPF KPQHHK\KGNNGP #W\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG WPF -TKGIGT 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
(ª456'06ª/'4 4'755 )'/'+05#/
(ÒTUVNKEJ 4GWKUEJGU 'JTGPMTGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQN FGV CWEJ FKG /GFCKNNQPCWHNCIGP WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH LG GKPGO -TGW\CTO FGT 8QTFGT WPF FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 'OCKNNGUEJCFGP CO *CNUDCPF ++ (ÒTUV *GKPTKEJ :+8 4GW LÒPIGTG .KPKG UVKHVGVG FGP \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP CO /CK WPF GTYGKVGTVG KJP W C WO GKPG YGKVGTG -NCUUG WPF GKPG CHHKNKKGTVG UKNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FKG IQNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG YWTFG GKPIGHÒJTV ÒDGTPCJO GT CNU 4GIKGTWPIUXGTYGUGT FGU (ÒTUVGPVWOU 4GW ·NVGTG .KPKG FGP 1TFGP CWEJ HÒT FKGUGU (ÒTUVGPVWO YWTFG FGT 1TFGP HÒT 4GW LÒPIGTG .KPKG UGEJUMNCUUKI WPF HÒT 4GW ·NVGTG .KPKG LGYGKNU OKV OGJTGTGP 'TYGKVGTWPIGP YWTFG FCU -TKGIUDCPF GKPIGHÒJTV &GT 1TFGP ÒDGTNGDVG FGP 7P VGTICPI FGT /QPCTEJKG CNU *CWUQTFGP FGT HÒTUVNKEJGP (COKNKG
32
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8094
8095
-74(ª456'067/ $+5 70& -¤0+)4'+%* 5#%*5'0
4KVVGTNKEJGT /KNKV·T 1TFGP 5CPEVK *GPTKEK D\Y %JWTHÒTUVNKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT /KNKV·T 1TFGP 5CPEVK *GPTKEK D\Y -WTHÒTUVNKEJ D\Y -ÌPKINKEJ UGKV 5·EJUKUEJGT /KNKV·T 5V *GKPTKEJU 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF )$ 1'- ++
#WHITWPF FGT #WUHÒJTWPI FGT 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK XIN 9$ N·V UKEJ FCU 'ZGORNCT FGO *GTUVGNNGT ) * 1UCPI KP &TGUFGP \WQTFPGP
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP D\Y -ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUV 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI OKV IGRT·IVGO 9CRRGPUEJKNF CD 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF )$ 1'- ++
9GDGT #TPQNF WPF -GKN IGDGP KP 9$ 5 GKPG #P\CJN XQP 8GTNGKJWPIGP HÒT FGP <GKVTCWO XQP DKU CP )GDCWGT KP )$ 5 LGFQEJ PWT HÒT FGP <GKVTCWO XQP DKU &GT 1TFGP YWTFG CO ,WPK XQP -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV + CNU FTGKMNCUUKIGT 1TFGP OKV CHHKNKKGTVGT /GFCKNNG IGUVKHVGV 'T GTHWJT KO .CWHG UGKPGU $GUVGJGPU OGJTGTG 8GT·PFGTWPIGP WPF 'TYGKVGTWPIGP =
5VKHVWPI FGT 5EJYGTVGT WPF /QFGNNYGEJUGN ? #D DGUVCPF GT CWU -NCUUGP )TQMTGW\ -QOVWTG WPF -NCUUG 4KVVGT WPF -NCUUG WPF FGO CHHKNKKGTVGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ /KV FGO 6JTQPXGT\KEJV -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUVU +++ KO 0QXGODGT GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
8096 1:1
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP -WTHÒTUV ,QJCPP FGO $GUV·PFKIGP OKV FGT UQIGP $·EMGTOÒV\G -QOVWTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I QJPG $CPFTKPI \WUCOOGP OKV QTKIKPCNGO MWT\GP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV KO IQNFGP DGFTWEMVGP QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ) # 5EJCTHHGPDGTI KP &TGUFGP 1'- ++ 33
DEUTSCHE STAATEN )GUVKHVGV CO &G\GODGT XQP -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV ++ CNU \WP·EJUV HÒPHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP 5VKHVWPI FGT 5EJYGTVGT WPF GTHQNIVGP 8GT·PFGTWPIGP WPF 'TYGKVGTWPIGP YWTFG OKV FGO 'TNC PGWGT 1TFGPUUVCVWVGP FCU 2QTVTCKV CWH FGO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP IG·PFGTV 9GKVGTG 'TYGKVGTWPIGP GTHQNIVGP WPF 5GKV GTHQNIVG FKG *GTUVGNNWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP KP XGTIQNFGVGO 5KNDGT 0CEJ FGT NGV\VGP YGUGPVNKEJGP PFGTWPI WOHCVG FGT 1TFGP KPUIGUCOV )TCFG =)TQMTGW\ OKV IQNFGPGO 5VGTP WPF UKNDGTPGT -TQPG )TQMTGW\ OKV IQNFGPGO $TWUVUVGTP CO ITÒPGP $CPF FGU *CWUQTFGPU FGT 4CWVGPMTQPG OKV YGKGP 5GKVGPUVTGKHGP )TQMTGW\ OKV IQNFGPGO $TWUVUVGTP )TQMTGW\ OKV $TKNNCPVGP )TQMTGW\ -QOVWT WPF -NCUUG 1HHK\KGT 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG 4KVVGTMTGW\ WPF -NCUUG? WPF FCU CHHKNKKGTVG #NDTGEJVUMTGW\ /KV FGO 6JTQPXGT\KEJV -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUVU +++ KO 0QXGODGT GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
8100
8098 8102
8103
8097
8101
8099
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $GJGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV UGRCTCVGP /GFCKNNQP TKPIGP -QOVWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO WPVGTGP 4CPF 2WP\G ō5ŋ HÒT 5KNDGT 4ÒEM UGKVGPOGFCKNNQP HGJNV QJPG $CPF )$ 1'- ++
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $GJGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV UGRCTCVGP /GFCKNNQP TKPIGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO WPVGTGP 4CPF 2WP\G ō5ŋ HÒT 5KNDGT CO PGWGP $CPF )$ 1'- ++
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $GJGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV UGRCTCVGP /GFCKNNQP TKPIGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QDGTHN·EJNKEJGT 'OCKNNG EJKR CWH FGO TGEJVGP -TGW\CTO FKG 5EJYGTVGT GKPUGKVKI CWUIGRT·IV CO CNVGP CWUIGDNKEJGPGP RGPVCIQPCN IGP·JVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF )$ 1'- ++p+++
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $GJGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV GKPVGKNKIGP /GFCKNNQP HGNFGTP 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FKG 5EJYGTVGT GKPUGKVKI CWUIGRT·IV CO $CPF )$ 1'- ++
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $GJGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV GKPVGKNKIGP /GFCKNNQP HGNFGTP 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FKG 5EJYGTVGT GKPUGKVKI CWUIGRT·IV CO CNVGP $CPF )$ 1'- ++
7PDGMCPPVGU #D\GKEJGP ō& ŋ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN
++
*'4<1)67/ $+5 70& )4155*'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0
9'+/#4 '+5'0#%* $+5
)TQJGT\QINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP FGT 9CEJUCOMGKV QFGT XQO 9GKGP (CNMGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP $CPF 1'- ++ *GTHWTVJ IKDV KP -*- 5 HÒT FGP <GKVTCWO XQP DKU 8GTNGKJWPIGP CP 5VCCVUCPIGJÌTKIG XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT WPF CP #WUN·PFGT CP )GUVKHVGV CO #WIWUV FWTEJ *GT\QI 'TPUV #WIWUV XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT YWTFG GT CO 1MVQDGT CNU FTGKMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP GTPGWGTV WPF GTHQNIVGP 'TYGKVGTWPIGP YWTFG FCU )TQMTGW\ CWHIGVGKNV KP +PUKIPKGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU ITQJGT\QINKEJG *CWU WPF UQNEJG HÒT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVG 9GKVGTG 8GT·PFGTWPIGP GTHQNIVGP WPF
34
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8105
8104 1:1
8104 1:1
5 %*5+5%*' *'4<1)6ª/'4 )'/'+05#/
*GT\QINKEJ 5CEJUGP 'TPGUVKPKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN -QOVWTMTGW\ )QNF VNY ITCXKGTV WPF \KUGNKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I CO PGWGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV 1'- ++ &KGUG #WUHÒJTWPIGP DGK FGPGP FKG 5EJY·P\G FGT .ÌYGP \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP CP FKGUGP HGUVIGNÌVGV UKPF YGTFGP KP #$ 5 FGO *QHLWYGNKGT 'DGJCTFV KP #NVGPDWTI \WIGUEJTKGDGP )GUVKHVGV CO &G\GODGT CNU IGOGKPUCOGT \WP·EJUV XKGTMNCUUKIGT *CWUQTFGP OKV CHHKNKKGTVGO 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ WPF 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG XQP (TKGFTKEJ *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI 'TPUV *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI WPF )QVJC WPF $GTPJCTF 'TKEJ (TGWPF *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP /GKPKPIGP KP #PNGJPWPI CP FGP XQP *GT\QI (TKGF TKEJ XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI IGUVKHVGVGP 1TFGP FGT &GWVUEJGP 4GFNKEJMGKV (ÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KO -TKGI GTHQNIVG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI OKV IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP GTHQNIVG GKPG 8GTGKPJGKVNKEJWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP W C FWTEJ FKG 'PVHGT PWPI FGT /QPQITCOOG FGT XGTNGKJGPFGP *GT\ÌIG CWH FGO QDGTGP -TGW\CTO FKG 7PVGTVGKNWPI FGT 4KVVGT KP WPF -NCUUG WPF FKG 5VKHVWPI FGT )QNFGPGP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG UQYKG FGT 1TFGPUMGVVG /QFGNN YWTFGP FKG +PUKIPKGP OKV ,CJTGU\CJNGP ō ŋ ō ŋ ō ŋ ō ŋ ō ŋ WPF FKG $CPFURCPIGP OKV WPF QJPG 5EJYGTVGT HÒT FKG )QNFGPGP WPF 5KNDGTPGP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNGP IGUVKHVGV $KU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG ICD GU +PUKIPKGP OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KP \YGK #WUHÒJTWPIGP OKV ōTÌOKUEJGPŋ IGTCFGP WPF OKV ōHTCP\ÌUKUEJGPŋ IGUEJYWPIGPGP 2CTKGT UVCPIGP FGT 5EJYGTVGT +P #$ UVGJV JKGT\W CWH 5 ō$KU \WO JGWVKIGP 6CI KUV FKG 7TUCEJG HÒT FKG 7TUCEJGP FGT 5EJYGTVGTUVÒEMG OKV IGTCFGP 2CTKGTUVCPIGP QFGT IGUEJYWPIGPGP 2CTKGTUVCPIGP PKEJV GKPFGWVKI IGMN·TV <WO 6GKN YKTF FKG /GKPWPI XGTVTGVGP FCUU IGUEJYWPIGPG 2CTKGTUVCPIGP #NVGPDWTIGT 8GTNGKJWPIGP WPF IGTCFG 2CTKGTUVCPIGP )QVJCGT D\Y /GKPKIGT 8GTNGKJWPIGP UKPF &KGU N·UUV UKEJ YGFGT FWTEJ #MVGP PQEJ .KVGTCVWT DGNGIGP QDYQJN DKUJGT CWHIGVCWEJVG \YGKHGNUHTGKG #NVGPDWTIGT 5VÒEMG FGU 5 ' * 1 KOOGT OKV IGUEJYWPIGPGP 2CTKGTUVCPIGP XGTUGJGP YCTGP &KGU IKNV HÒT CNNG 5VWHGP XQO 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP DKU \WO )TQMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ŋ #WEJ PCEJ FGO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG XGTNKGJ *GT\QI %CTN 'FWCTF XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI WPF )QVJC FGP 1TFGP DKU YGKVGT +P FKGUGO ,CJT UVKHVGVG GT PQEJ FKG 5EJYGTVGT CO 4KPI \W CNNGP -NCUUGP /KV 4GKEJUXGTQTFPWPI XQO 0QXGODGT YWTFGP FKG 8GTNGKJWPIGP HÒT CDIGUEJNQUUGP GTMN·TV &KG 8GTNGKJWPIGP KP 5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI WPF 5CEJUGP /GKPWPIGP YCTGP UEJQP OKV FGO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG KP FKGUGP 5VCCVGP KO ,CJTG GKPIGUVGNNV YQTFGP
(ª456'067/ 5%*9#4<$74) 47&1.56#&6 $+5
(ÒTUVNKEJ 5EJYCT\DWTIKUEJGU 'JTGPMTGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG )QNF VNY ITCXKGTV WPF \KUGNKGTV GOCKN NKGTV I CO NCPIGP $CPF 1'- 4 +p++
0KOOGTIWV IKD KP 0+ 5 XQP DKU GKPG <CJN XQP 8GTNGKJWPIGP CP
35
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8107
8108 1:1
8106
8108 1:1
8'4'+0+)6'5 5'+6 (ª456'067/ 9#.&'%- 70& 2;4/106 $+5
(ÒTUVNKEJ 9CNFGEMKUEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I CO PGWGP *CNUDCPF ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY XGTICPIGP 8QTFGTUGKVGP OGFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU MNGKPGT 'OCKNNGEJKR CO UR·VGTGP $CPF 1'- ++
)CTCPVKGVGU \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGU 1TKIKPCN .CWV 'HNGT KP '(9 5 YWTFGP XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV 'ZGO RNCTG XGTNKGJGP YQXQP PCEJ FGO 6QF FGU +PJCDGTU \WTÒEMIGIGDGP YQTFGP UKPF
*'4<1)67/ $+5 -74(ª456'067/ 70& -¤0+)4'+%*
9ª466'/$'4)
1TFGP FGT 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGP -TQPG -TGW\ FGT 'JTGPTKVVGT )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ō(1'*4ŋ CP 0CFGN FKGUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV KO QTKIKPCNGP TQVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 'FWCTF (QGJT KP 5VWVVICTV 1'- 4 +p++ #WHITWPF FGT UGJT UR·VGP 'KPHÒJTWPI FKGUGT -NCUUG KUV GKPG TGNCVKX IGTKPIG 8GTNGKJWPIU\CJN GEJV IQNFGPGT 'ZGORNCTG CP\WPGJOGP 5KEJGT YKTF FKG KP -ÒT\G GTUEJGKPGPFG FKGUDG\ÒINKEJG /QPQITCRJKG XQP &T 7NTKEJ -NGKP WPF #NDGTV 4CHH &KG 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGP /GFCKNNGP UGKV 'KPUEJNKGNKEJ FGT 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGWVNKEJ 5VGNNWPI JKGT\W DG\KGJGP 'FWCTF (QGJT NKGHGTVG NCWV 8QNNOGT 8QNNOGT /CVVJKCU &GT -ÌPKINKEJ YÒTVVGODGTIKUEJG *QHLWYGNKGT 'FWCTF (QGJT +P 1 ' XQO (GDTWCT 5 HH UGKV YÒTVVGODGTIKUEJG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP YWTFG \WO *QHLWYGNKGT GTPCPPV WPF NKGHGTVG DKU KP FGP 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI JKPGKP CNU GT PCEJ WPF PCEJ XQO -ÌPKINKEJGP /ÒP\COV CNU .KGHGTCPV CDIGNÌUV YWTFG
8109 1:1
36
1TFGP FGT 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGP -TQPG 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV #WUHÒJTWPI OKV UVCTT OQPVKGTVGP 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF OKP 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT KP GKPGT -TGW\CTOURKV\G $CPFTKPI GTI·P\V CO $CPF 1'- 4 ++
DEUTSCHE STAATEN
8110
8110 8111 1:1
*GT\QINKEJ D\Y -ÌPKINKEJ 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO ō9-ŋ CWH FGO 4GXGTU /GFCKNNQP -TGW\ QJPG -TQPG 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF 1'- +p++
-ÌPKINKEJ 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGT (TKGFTKEJU 1TFGP /QFGNN OGJTMNCUUKI \YGKVG XQNW OKPÌUGTG #WUHÒJTWPI -QOVWTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I ō(ŋ #WHNCIGP HGKPUV \KUGNKGTV OKV MWT\GO IGVTCIGPGP *CNUDCPFUVÒEM KO QTKIKPCNGP JGTXQTTCIGPF GTJCNVGPGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 'FWCTF (QGJT KP 5VWVVICTV 1'- +p++ #WHITWPF FGT UGJT HGKPGP <KUGNKGTWPI FGT ō(ŋ #WHNCIGP JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG HTÒJG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC (QGJT XQO #PHCPI FGU NGV\VGP 3WCTVCNU FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU &GT \WP·EJUV GKPMNCUUKIG 1TFGP YWTFG CO ,CPWCT XQP -ÌPKI 9KNJGNO + XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI KP 'TKPPGTWPI CP UGKPGP 8CVGT -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ + IGUVKHVGV YWTFG FGT 1TFGP CWH XKGT -NCUUGP GTYGK VGTV /QFGNN )TQMTGW\ -QOVWT WPF -NCUUG WPF 4KVVGT GTHQNIVG FKG 7PVGTVGKNWPI FGT 4KVVGT KP GKPG GTUVG WPF GKPG \YGKVG -NCUUG <WFGO YWTFGP HÒT FKG -TGW\G CNNGT -NCUUGP FKG 5EJYGTVGT IGUVKHVGV GTJKGNVGP CWEJ FKG 1TFGPUUVGTPG FKG 5EJYGTVGT &KG )QNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG YWTFG IGUVKHVGV WPF FCU )TQMTGW\ OKV -TQPG /KV FGT #DUEJCHHWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG KO 0QXGODGT GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
8112
8113
8114
-ÌPKINKEJ 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGT (TKGFTKEJU 1TFGP /QFGNN OGJTMNCUUKI \YGKVG XQNW OKPÌUGTG #WUHÒJTWPI 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP /ÒP\COVU KP 5VWVVICTV \YK UEJGP WPF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV MCWO UKEJVDCTG 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT KP GKPGT 'EMG FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU QDGTGP -TGW\CTOU CO NCPIGP CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF 1'- ++
-ÌPKINKEJ 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGT (TKGFTKEJU 1TFGP /QFGNN OGJTMNCUUKI \YGKVG XQNW OKPÌUGTG #WUHÒJTWPI 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I FKG ō(ŋ #WHNCIGP WPF FKG UVCTT CPIGNÌVGVGP 5EJYGTVGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV FGT WTURTÒPINKEJG $CPFTKPI FWTEJ \YGK 4KPIG GTUGV\V CO CNVGP $CPF 1'- ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKP FWTEJ FKG (KTOC (QGJT Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU PCEJIGTÒUVGVGU PCEJ #DNGDGP FGU GTUVGP $GNKGJGPGP TGVQWTPKGTVGU 'ZGORNCT WTURTÒPINKEJ ·NVGTGT #PHGTVKIWPI +O 8GTNCWH FKGUGT 0CEJTÒUVWPI YWTFGP FKG OÌINKEJGTYGKUG XGTNQTGP IGICPIGPGP QFGT DGUEJ·FKIVGP ( /QPQITCOOG FWTEJ UQNEJG KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV GTUGV\V
-ÌPKINKEJ 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGT (TKGFTKEJU 1TFGP /QFGNN OGJTMNCUUKI \YGKVG XQNW OKPÌUGTG #WUHÒJTWPI 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #PHGTVKIWPI FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP /ÒP\COVU KP 5VWVVICTV \YKUEJGP WPF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGEJKR KP GKPGO WPF 'OCKNNGURTWPI KO CPFGTGP /GFCKNNQP OKV GTI·P\VGO $CPFTKPI CO &TGKGEMUDCPF 1'- ++p+++
37
DEUTSCHES REICH 1871-1918
8116
8117
8115 Rv.
(CJPGPOGFCKNNG HÒT -TKGIGTXGTGKPG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV QJPG $CPF 1'-
4 ++
)GUVKHVGV CO 0QXGODGT FWTEJ -ÌPKI 9KNJGNO ++ XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI WPF DKU CP YÒTVVGO DGTIKUEJG -TKGIGTXGTGKPG XGTNKGJGP FKG KJT L·JTKIGU $GUVGJGP HGKGTVGP
&'765%*'5 4'+%*
,GTWUCNGOMTGW\ 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF OO UVCTM CO $CPF 0/ 1'- 44 ++
)CTCPVKGTVGU \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT YKG FGT 8GTINGKEJ OKV FGT HQNIGPFGP 2QUKVKQP FGWVNKEJ DGYGKUV #NU UQNEJGU PWT UGJT UGNVGP \W HKPFGP .CWV 0KOOGTIWV KP 0+ 5 \KVKGTV PCEJ /KTDCEJ &CU FGWVUEJG -CKUGTRCCT KO *GKNKIGP .CPFG KO *GTDUV $GTNKP PCJOGP KPUIGUCOV 2GTUQPGP CP FKGUGT 4GKUG VGKN YQXQP CNU QHHK\KGNNG 6GKNPGJOGT ICNVGP 1D LGFQEJ CNNG FKGUG 6GKNPGJOGT FCU ,GTWUCNGOMTGW\ GTJCNVGP JCDGP MQPPVG DKUJGT PKEJV HGUVIGUVGNNV YGTFGP
,GTWUCNGOMTGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF OO UVCTM CO $CPF ++
-QPXQNWV XQP XKGT (GNF\WIU /GFCKNNGP %JKPC &GPMOÒP\G 5ÒFYGUVCHTKMC &GPMOÒP\G WPF -QNQ PKCN &GPMOÒP\G LGYGKNU HÒT -QODCVVCPVGP $TQP\G KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
8119
8120
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KNKV·T (NWI\GWIÒJTGT /GUUUKPIDNGEJ XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN KO CNVGP 'VWK 0/ 1'- ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KNKV·T (NWI\GWIÒJTGT /GUUUKPIDNGEJ XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN KO CNVGP 'VWK 0/ 1'- ++
38
DEUTSCHES REICH 1871-1918
8121 1:1
5EJKGRTGKUOGFCKNNG FGU FGWVUEJ ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP .CPFUVWTO 5EJKGMWTUGU KP 5QPVJQHGP 5KN DGT QJPG $CPF ++
/GFCKNNG CWH FGP 4ÒEMVTKVV FGU 4GKEJUMCP\NGTU (ÒTUV 1VVQ XQP $KUOCTEM 0KEJV VTCIDCT XQP 9 /C[GT &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT \YGK 'ZGORNCTG \WUCOOGP OKV &CPMUEJTGKDGP FGU (ÒTUVGP FCVKGTV (TKGFTKEJUTWJ #RTKN 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV \YGKOCN IGHCNVGV KO OQFGTPGP $KNFGT TCJOGP 5VÒEM ++
*ÒDUEJGU 'PUGODNG
8123 1:1
/GFCKNNG CWH FGP 4ÒEMVTKVV FGU 4GKEJUMCP\NGTU (ÒTUV 1VVQ XQP $KUOCTEM 0KEJV VTCIDCT XQP 9 /C[GT &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT +p++
8124 1:1
&'765%*'5 4'+%* 51)'0 9'+/#4'4 4'27$.+-
-CORHYCIGP #D\GKEJGP /GUUKPIDNGEJ JQJN IGRT·IV WPF XGTDÌFGV XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN KO PGWGP 'VWK 0/ D 1'- 4 ++ #NU 1TKIKPCN UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
39
DEUTSCHES REICH 1933-1945
&'765%*'5 4'+%* 51)'0 &4+66'5 4'+%* 5QNCPIG UKEJ -WPFG WPF 8GTM·WHGT PKEJV IGIGPVGKNKI ·WGTP XGTUKEJGTP UKG FCUU UKG )GIGPUV·PFG WPF $ÒEJGT CWU FGT <GKV FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU XQP DKU PWT \W <YGEMGP FGT UVCCVUDÒTIGTNKEJGP #WHMN·TWPI FGT #DYGJT XGTHCUUWPIUYKFTKIGT $GUVTGDWPIGP FGT -WPUV QFGT FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHV FGT (QTUEJWPI QFGT FGT .GJTG FGT $GTKEJVGTUVCVVWPI ÒDGT 8QTI·PIG FGU <GKVIGUEJGJGPU QFGT FGT )GUEJKEJVG QFGT ·JPNKEJGP <YGEMGP GTYGTDGP &KGUG )GIGPUV·PFG WPF $ÒEJGT YGTFGP ITWPFU·V\NKEJ PWT WPVGT FKGUGP 8QTCWUUGV\WPIGP CPIGDQVGP WPF CDIGIGDGP 5QOKV UVGNNV FGT 'TYGTD XQP )GIGPUV·PFGP WPF $ÒEJGTP CWU FKGUGT <GKV WPVGT FGP QDGP CWHIGHÒJTVGP 8QTCWUUGV\WPIGP IGO· FGT hh C #DU D\Y #DU 5V)$ MGKPGP 5VTCHVCVDGUVCPF KO 5KPPG FGU h C #DU 5V)$ FCT 7PVGT FKGUGP 7OUV·PFGP KUV GU CNUQ ITWPFU·V\NKEJ GTNCWDV 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FKG KP h #DU )GUGV\ ÒDGT 6KVGN 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP PKEJV CWHIGHÒJTV UKPF UQYKG #D\GKEJGP OKV PCVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUVKUEJGP 'ODNGOGP \W XGTMCWHGP WPF \W GTYGTDGP WPF FKGU GPVIGIGP FGP $GUVKOOWPIGP FGU h #DU )GUGV\ ÒDGT 6KVGN 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP &GUJCND JCV FGT $WPFGUOKPKUVGT FGT ,WUVK\ OKV 5EJTGKDGP ++ XQO FGO UGKPGT\GKVKIGP 8QTUKV\GPFGP FGU $WPFGU FGWVUEJGT 1TFGPUUCOONGT G 8 CWUFTÒEMNKEJ GTMN·TV FCUU FGT 'TYGTD XQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CWU FGT <GKV FGU UQIGPCPPVGP ō&TKVVGP 4GKEJGUŋ FWTEJ GTPUVJCHVG WPF QTICPKUKGTVG 5COONGT OKV FGO <KGN FKGUGP )GIGPUVCPF KP GKPG 5COONWPI GKP\WHÒIGP MGKPGP 5VTCHVCVDGUVCPF KO 5KPPG FGU )GUGV\GU FCTUVGNNV
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQO &GWVUEJGP #FNGT DKU D\Y &GWVUEJGT #FNGTQTFGP /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPU MTGW\GU #WUHÒJTWPI OKV #ITCHHG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP 4 ++
1TFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ + -NCUUG HNCEJG #WUHÒJTWPI 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V VNY PCEJNCEMKGTV XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō. ŋ 0/ ++p+++
1TFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU -QPXQNWV XQP 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GP ++ -NCUUG LGYGKNU 'KUGP MGTP IGUEJY·T\V <CTIG XGTUKNDGTV GKPGU KO 4KPI RWP\KGTV LGYGKNU CP $·PFGTP 0/ 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU 9KGFGTJQNWPIUURCPIG \WO 'KUGTPGP -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV TWPFGP 5GKVGPT·PFGTP XQP XGTUKNDGTV OKV XKGT HNCEJGP 5RNKPVGP CWHIGNGIV CWH $CPF \WO '- ++ 0/ C 4 ++
1TFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU 9KGFGTJQNWPIUURCPIG \WO 'KUGTPGP -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV IGTCFGP 5GKVGPT·PFGTP XQP XGTUKNDGTV OKV XKGT HNCEJGP 5RNKPVGP 0/ D ++
1TFGP FGU -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\GU -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ + -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $WPVOGVCNN XGTUKNDGTV OKV DTGKVGT IGTCFGT URKV\GT 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP UKNDGTP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK 0/ ++
1TFGP FGU -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\GU -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ + -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $WPVOGVCNN XGTUKNDGTV OKV DTGKVGT IGTCFGT URKV\GT 0CFGN FKGUG RWP\KGTV 0/ ++
8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP #WUICDG #D\GKEJGP KP )QNF /GUUKPIDNGEJ JQJN IGRT·IV WPF XGTIQNFGV QJPG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\GP CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV $GUKV\ <GWIPKU HÒT OCNKIG 8GTYWPFWPI HÒT FGP 1DGTIGHTGKVGP 1VVQ .ÒEM XQP FGT #WHMN·TWPIU 'TUCV\ #DVGKNWPI KP 5VQNR FCVKGTV (NGPUDWTI CO OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV GKPGU 1DGTUVCT\VGU IGHCNVGV ++
&T -NKGVOCPP UEJTGKDV JKGT\W KP -. 5 ō7TURTÒPINKEJ F J DKU GVYC YWTFG FCU #D\GKEJGP KP 5EJYCT\ JQJN IGRTGV Y·JTGPF FKG #D\GKEJGP KP 5KNDGT WPF )QNF OCUUKX JGTIGUVGNNV YWTFGP 5GKV CDGT WPF \YCT DKU 'PFG FGU -TKGIGU UKPF CWEJ FKG UKNDGTPGP WPF IQNFGPGP #D\GKEJGP VGKNYGKUG JQJN IGRTGV IGNKGHGTV YQTFGPŋ
40
DEUTSCHES REICH 1933-1945
ex 8133 1:1
&GWVUEJGU 4GKVGTCD\GKEJGP 4GKVGTCD\GKEJGP KP $TQP\G CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC . %JT .CWGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI WPF $GTNKP CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWTPCFGN 0/$ E 5VÒEM ++
#WU\GKEJPWPIUPCEJNC GKPGU FGWVUEJGP 5QNFCVGP $GUVGJGPF CWU #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 0CJMCORH URCPIG KP $TQP\G <KPMCWUHÒJTWPI XQTFGTUGKVKIG $TQP\KGTWPI HCUV XQNNUV·PFKI XGTICPIGP CWH FGT 4ÒEM UGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ō% 9 ' 2''-*#75 $'4.+0ŋ WPF ō(..ŋ KP -TGKUGP CP 0CFGN 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ (TQPVHGTVKIWPI FGU '-+ CWU GKPGO '-++ FWTEJ CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG CPIGNÌVGVG ¤UGP 5KNDGT PGU +PHCPVGTKG 5VWTOCD\GKEJGP <KPMCWUHÒJTWPI CP 0CFGN 5EJYCT\GU 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
#WU\GKEJPWPIUPCEJNC GKPGU FGWVUEJGP 5QNFCVGP 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 9GJT OCEJVU &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG 9GJTOCEJVU &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG /GFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP /·T\ (GNFUEJPCNNG HÒT FKG INGKEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP RNWU '- ++ WPF /GFCKNNG 9KPVGTUEJNCEJV KO 1UVGP +PHCPVGTKG 5VWTOCD\GKEJGP KP 5KNDGT <KPM 5EJYCT\GU 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP OKV XQNNMQOOGP XGTICPIGPGT .CEMKGTWPI /ÒV\GPCFNGT \YGK 5RNKPVG HGJNGP 5VÒEM ++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO 1MVQDGT 0T
8136 1:1
/KPKCVWTGP 5EJPCNNG GKPGU URCPKUEJGP 1HHK\KGTU FGT 5RCPKUEJGP (TGKYKNNKIGP $NCWGP &KXKUKQP OKV UGEJU XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ UKGDGP #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP /GFCKNNG HÒT +HPK 5CJCTC #WUICDG HÒT 1HHK\KGTG /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /QFGNN TQVG #DVGKNWPI -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 2GPUKQPUUVTGKHGP /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /QFGNN YGKG #DVGKNWPI 5VGTP -NCUUG /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN *GTOGPGIKNFQ $TWUVUVGTP -NCUUG &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ &GWVUEJGT #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG #P 0CFGN &C\W 4GXGTUOKPKCVWT FGU $TWUVUVGTPU -NCUUG FGU /KNKV·TKUEJGP 1TFGPU FGU JN *GTOGPGIKNFQ CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP HÒPH XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT '- + 5EJYCT\GU WPF 5KNDGTPGU 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP 5WFGPVGPNCPFOGFCKNNG OKV 5RCPIG 2TCIGT $WTI &C\W '- ++ WPF (KPPKUEJG (TGKJGKVUOGFCKNNG ++ -NCUUG #WEJ -QRKGP XGTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU CP 0CFGN VGKNU CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG /GFCKNNG 9KPVGTUEJNCEJV KO 1UVGP &GWVUEJGU 5EJWV\YCNN 'JTGP\GK EJGP 5WFGPVGPNCPFOGFCKNNG #WEJ -QRKGP XGTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU CP 0CFGN VGKNU CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++
41
BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
-QPXQNWV XQP XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 7 C 55 &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI 5VWHG KO TWPFGP 4KPI RWP\KGTV . 6TGWFKGPUV 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G FGT 5VCFV &CP\KI WPF 4GVVWPIUOGFCKNNG CO $CPF &C\W HÒPH YGKVGTG FGWVUEJG 'JTGP WPF #D\GKEJGP #WEJ -QRKGP XGTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG CWEJ 5KNDGT KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP XKGT 7PKHQTOGHHGMVGP WPF GKPGO TOGNDCPF 2CCT 5EJWNVGTUVÒEMG WPF 2CCT -TCIGP URKGIGN GKPGU )GPGTCNU FGT 9GJTOCEJV QJPG 5VGTPG WPF TOGNDCPF FGT 55 6GKNU IGUVKEMV KP WPVGT UEJKGFNKEJGT 'TJCNVWPI 5VÒEM ++
$70&'54'27$.+- &'765%*.#0& 5'+6 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF WPF KJTGT $WPFGUN·PFGT GDGPUQ YKG FGTGP /KPKCVWTGP $CPFUVGIG -PQRHNQEJUEJNGKHGP WPF $CPFUEJPCNNGP FÒTHGP IGO· h #DU )GUGV\ ÒDGT 6KVGN 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP PWT CP $GTGEJVKIVG CDIGIGDGP YGTFGP #NU $GTGEJVKIVG IGNVGP JKGTDGK PGDGP FGP $GNKGJGPGP CWEJ CNNG FKGLGPKIGP 2GTUQPGP FKG KO $GUKV\ GKPGT 5COOGNIGPGJOKIWPI UKPF &KGUG 5COOGNIGPGJOKIWPI GTVGKNV CWH #PHTCIG FKG LGYGKNU \WUV·PFKIG $GJÌTFG &KG <WUV·PFKIMGKV KUV KP FGP GKP\GNPGP $WPFGUN·PFGTP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJ IGTGIGNV &KG 'TVGK NWPI GKPGT UQNEJGP )GPGJOKIWPI MCPP IGO· FGU -QOOGPVCTU \WO )GUGV\ XQP FGT \WUV·PFKIGP $GJÌTFG PWT DGK 8QTNKGIGP UEJYGTYKGIGPFGT )TÒPFG XGTYGKIGTV YGTFGP /KV GKPGO )GDQV CWH 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM WPF KJTGT $WPFGUN·PFGT XGTUKEJGTV FGT $KGVGT KO QTFPWPIUIGO·GP $GUKV\ GKPGT UQNEJGP 5COOGNIGPGJOKIWPI \W UGKP
8141 1:1
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF 5GV FGT 5QPFGTUVWHG FGU )TQMTGW\GU HÒT *GTTGP DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF OKV JCPFIGUVKEMVGP $WPFGUCFNGTP WPF $TWUVUVGTP CEJVUVTCJNKI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV QJPG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\GP OKV 5KNDGTRWP\G ō ŋ CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP TQVGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO $WPFGUCFNGT DGFTWEMVGP 8GT NGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 5VGKPJCWGT .ÒEM KP .ÒFGPUEJGKF 5. 4 ++ &KG 5QPFGTUVWHG KUV CWUUEJNKGNKEJ 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGTP WPF FGTGP )GOCJNKPPGP XQTDGJCNVGP WPF YKTF GZ QHHKEKQ XQO $WPFGURT·UKFGPVGP IGVTCIGP &GT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF CWEJ $WPFGUXGTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV YWTFG XQP $WPFGURT·UK FGPV 2TQH &T 6JGQFQT *GWUU OKV 'TNC XQO 5GRVGODGT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $WPFGUIGUGV\DNCVV + XQP 5 CNU \WP·EJUV HÒPHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGUVKHVGV 8GTUEJKGFGPG PFGTWPIGP KP FGP ,CJTGP WPF HÒJTVGP \W OKVVNGTYGKNG PGWP -NCUUGP <WT )GUEJKEJVG FGU 1TFGPU WPF UGKPGT 'PVYKEMNWPI XIN )GKIGT 4QNH .KPFPGT ,ÒTIGP WPF 9ÌTPGT (TCPM ,CJTG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF +P 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP &CU /CIC\KP HÒT 5COONGT WPF (QTUEJGT ,CJTICPI *GHV #WIWUV 5 HH
42
BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
8143 1:1
8142 1:1
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF 5VGTP \WO )TQGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQN FGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō5V .ŋ FGT (KTOC 5VGKPJCWGT .ÒEM KP .Ò FGPUEJGKF WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G ō ŋ QJPG 4GXGTUOKPKCVWT KO UGRCTCVGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO $WPFGUCFNGT DG FTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK XQP 5VGKPJCWGT .ÒEM 5. ++
.CWV 'KPNKGHGTGT XGTNKGJGP CP )GPGTCNFKTGMVQT C & *CPU 4KVVGT WPF 'FNGT XQP 4CWUEJGT CWH 9GGI
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF )TQGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP -QTTQUKQPUURWTGP CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF QJPG 4GXGTUOKPKCVWT KO OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO $WPFGUCFNGT DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK XQP 5VGKPJCWGT .ÒEM KP .ÒFGPUEJGKF <WUCOOGP OKV WPFC VKGTVGT <GKVWPIUPQVK\ ÒDGT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI WPF UY 2JQVQ GKPGU 8QTHCJTGP FGU $GNKGJGPGP (GNKZ XQP 4CW UEJGT -CPQPKMWU KP .CPFUJWV 5. ++
.CWV 'KPNKGHGTGT XGTNKGJGP XQO $C[GTKUEJGP /KPKUVGTRT·UKFGPV &T 9KNJGNO *QGIPGT /KPKUVGTRT·UKFGPV XQP DKU WPF XQP DKU CP )GPGTCNFKTGMVQT C & *CPU 4KVVGT WPF 'FNGT XQP 4CWUEJGT CWH 9GGI
8144
-NGKPQF FGU 5EJNCTCHHGP 4G[EJGU (T[DWTIKC $TKUIQXKCG (TGKDWTI KO $TGKUICW $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 2QGNNCVJ KP 5EJTQDGPJCWUGP CP GOCKNNKGTVGT 6TCIGURCPIG 4 ++
\·JNVG FCU 4G[EJ CEJV 9ÒTFGPVT·IGT UGJCHVG 4KVVGT FTGK ,WPMGT WPF -PCRRGP XKGT (CJTGPFG WPF PGWP 'JTGP 4KVVGT
43
DEUTSCHLAND - ROTES KREUZ
ex 8145
&'765%*.#0& ('7'49'*4
#WU\GKEJPWPIUPCEJNC FGU 4GIKGTWPIUTCVGU (TCP\ <CWPGT 2T·UKFGPV FGU 5CN\DWTIGT .CPFGUXGT DCPFGU HÒT (GWGTYGJT WPF 4GVVWPIUYGUGP KP 5CN\DWTI &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ &GWVUEJGU (GWGTYGJT 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF DGKFUGKVKI TQV GOCKNNKGTV CO NCPIGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF OKV GKIG P·JVGO -PQRHNQEJ FCTCP DGHGUVKIV #D\GKEJGP FGU &GWVUEJGP (GWGTYGJT 8GTDCPFGU OKV QTKIKPCN 8GTNGK JWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV /ÒPEJGP CO /CK OKV ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP $C[GTP (GWGYGJT 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU .CPFGU (GWGTYGJT 8GTDCPFGU OKV $GMTÌPWPI CO YGKTQVGP $CPF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF OKV 2JQVQMQRKG FGT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG WPF QTKIKPCNGO ªDGTUGP FWPIUUEJTGKDGP FCVKGTV #RTKN ¤UVGTTGKEJ /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ +++ -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQ TCVKQP WPF 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō8/ŋ FGT (KTOC 8KPE /C[GT U 5ÌJPG KP 9KGP WPF &KCPCMQRHRWP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT CO &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KO IQNFGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 5KNDGTPG /KNKV·TXGT FKGPUVOGFCKNNG 5KIPWO .CWFKU /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJU + 5KNDGT KO 4KPI *GTUVGNNGT RWP\G ,< FGT (KTOC <KODNGT KP 9KGP WPF ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\GP DKU HÒT GT 5KNDGT CO &TGK GEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 5EJYGTVGTP KO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC <KODNGT ¤UVGTTGKEJ $QP\GPG /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG 5KIPWO .CWFKU /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJU + $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 5EJYGTVGTP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGK JWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC <KODNGT ¤UVGTTGKEJ -CTNU 6TWRRGPMTGW\ -TKGIUOGVCNN OKV 4GUVXGTUKNDGTWPI CO &TGKGEMUDCPF ¤UVGTTGKEJ 8GTYWPFGVGPOGFCKNNG -TKGIUOGVCNN CO $CPF HÒT GKPG 8GTYWPFWPI ¤UVGTTGKEJ /KNKV·T ,WDKN·WOUMTGW\ CO &TGKGEMUDCPF &C\W 4GRTQ 2JQVQITCRJKG FKG <CWPGT KP 7PKHQTO OKV FKGUGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP \GKIV KPUDGUQPFGTU OKV FGT DGUQPFGTGP 6TCIGYGKUG FGU &GWVUEJGP (GWGTYGJT 'JTGPMTGW\GU CO NCPIGP $CPF KO -PQRHNQEJ 5VÒEM 44 ++ 'Z #WMVKQP #PFTGCU 6JKGU XQO DKU #RTKN 0T 0CJG\W XQNNUV·PFKIG #WU\GKEJPWPIUITWRRG GKPGU JQJGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP (GWGTYGJT (WPMVKQP·TU OKV DGFGWVGPFGP FGWVUEJGP (GWGTYGJT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP CWU FGT <GKV FGT 9GKOCTGT 4GRWDNKM <WO &GWVUEJGP (GWGTYGJT 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒJTV 'HNGT KP '( 5 CWU FC FKGUGU CO NCPIGP $CPF FWTEJ FCU -PQRHNQEJ IGVTCIGP YWTFG <WO $C[GTKUEJGP (GWGYGJT 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU .CPFGU (GWGTYGJT 8GTDCPFGU OKV $GMTÌPWPI CO YGKTQVGP $CPF IKDV GT KP '( 5 GKPG 8GTNGKJWPIU\CJN XQP CP
&'765%*.#0& 416'5 -4'7<
#WU\GKEJPWPIU WPF &QMWOGPVGPPCEJNC FGT -TCPMGPUEJYGUVGT (TKGFC 5VQHHTGIGP 2TGWGP 4QVG -TGW\ /GFCKNNG -NCUUG $TQP\G CO $CPF KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK KP 8GTUCPFUEJCEJVGN OKV 8GTNGK JWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO /CK $C[GTP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÒT HTGKYKNNKIG -TCPMGP RHNGIG -TKGIUCWU\GKEJPWPI 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV 8GTNGK JWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV /ÒPEJGP CO &G\GODGT 2TGWGP 4QVG -TGW\ /GFCKNNG -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF KO 'VWK OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO #WIWUV ¤UVGTTGKEJ $TQP\GPG 'JTGPOGFCKNNG XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP &COGPUEJNGKHG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV 9KGP CO #WIWUV WPF ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT -TKGIUVGKNPGJOGT OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV *CTDWTI 9KNJGNOUDWTI CO /·T\ <WUCOOGP OKV RCUUGPFGT (GNFUEJPCNNG OKV HÒPH $·PFGTP &C\W YGKVGTG &QMWOGPVG YKG .G DGPUNCWH <GWIPKUUG 7TNCWDU (CJT WPF 'PVNCWUWPIUUEJGKP &KG &QMWOGPVG VGKNYGKUG OGJTHCEJ IGHCN VGV LGFQEJ KP IWVGO <WUVCPF 5VÒEM ++
5GJT KPVGTGUUCPVGT WOHCPITGKEJGT WPF CWUUCIGMT·HVKIGT 0CEJNC GKPGT FGWVUEJGP -TCPMGPUEJYGUVGT KO 'TUVGP 9GNV MTKGI
44
-QPXQNWV XQP HÒPH XGTUEJKGFGPGP FGWVUEJGP 4QV -TGW\ #D\GKEJGP &CTWPVGT GKPGU OKV TÒEMUGKVKIGT 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT ō47*4.#0& ŋ +P WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP 'TJCNVWPIGP LGYGKNU CP 0CFGNP &C\W #D\GKEJGP XQO +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP 6WDGTMWNQUG -QPITGUU KP 2CTKU CO DGUVKEMVGP $CPF ++
DEUTSCHLAND - ORDENSSCHNALLEN
ex 8148 8149 1:1
&'765%*.#0& '+5'0$#*0
'KUGPDCJPGT #WU\GKEJPWPIU WPF &QMWOGPVGP 0CEJNC XQP )ÒPVJGT WPF 9KNJGNO 9·JNKPI 'KUGPDCJPCUUKVGPV )ÒPVJGT 9·JNKPI 2TGWGP 'TKPPGTWPIU\GKEJGP FGT 2TGWKUEJGP 5VCCVGKUGPDCJPGP HÒT L·JTKIG &KGPUV\GKV 5KNDGT CP 0CFGN OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO /CK 2TGWGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÒT -TKGIUJKNHG CO $CPF OKV (GNFUEJPCNNG OKV $GUKV\\GWIPKU FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO #RTKN 2TGWGP #D\GKEJGP FGU 2TGWKUEJGP 8GTGKPU FGT 9GKEJGPUVGNNGT WPF $CJPY·TVGT XQP CP 5EJNGKHG OKV 0CFGN 1DGTNQMQOQVKXHÒJTGT )ÒPVJGT 9·JNKPI 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG \WUCOOGP OKV (TQPV M·ORHGTMTGW\ CP <YGKGT 5EJPCNNG OKV $GUKV\\GWIPKU FCVKGTV CO ,WNK OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP )GPGTCNOCLQT )TQGPGT %JGH FGU (GNFGKUGPDCJPYGUGPU &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNV MTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT \WUCOOGP OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV CO &G\GODGT 7PICTP 7PICTKUEJGU )QNFGPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WUCOOGP OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG KP FGWVUEJGT 5RTCEJG FCVKGTV $WFCRGUV CO /·T\ 5VCVWVGPCWU\WI WPF FGWVUEJG #PPCJOGIGPGJOKIWPI FCVKGTV $GTEJVGUICFGP CO ,WNK OKV ITQGO 2T·IGUKGIGN &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 5KNDGTPGU 6TGWFKGPUV 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO $CPF KO 'VWK FGT (KTOC (TKGFTKEJ -GNNGT KP 1DGTUVGKP \WUCOOGP OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV CO ,WNK OKV MNGKPGO 2T·IGUKGIGN &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ ++ -NCUUG QJPG $CPF KP 8GTNGKJWPIUVÒVG FGT (KTOC )GDTÒFGT $GPFGT KP 1DGTUVGKP \WUCOOGP OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO ,CPWCT &C\W YGKVGTG \GJP 'TPGPPWPIUWTMWPFGP (ÒJTWPIU WPF &KGPUV\GWIPKUUG <GKVWPIUCWUUEJPKVVG WPF 'JTGPWTMWPFGP HÒT )ÒPVJGT WPF HÒT 9KNJGNO 9·JNKPI &QMWOGPVG VGKNU IGHCNVGV VGKNU IGNQEJV 5VÒEM ++
+P UGKPGT 8QNNUV·PFKIMGKV UGNVGPG )TWRRG \YGKGT 'KUGPDCJPGT YQJN 8CVGT WPF 5QJP DGUQPFGTU KPVGTGUUCPV FWTEJ FCU UGJT UGNVGPG 7PICTKUEJG )QNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\
&'765%*.#0& 14&'055%*0#..'0
)TQG 1TFGPUEJPCNNG FGU 1DGTOCCVU 4 <CEJCPVMG XQP FGT MCKUGTNKEJGP ;CEJV 5/; *QJGP\QNNGTP
++ OKV XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP -TQPGP 1TFGP /GFCKNNG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV CPIGNÌVGVGT -TQPG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV 2TGWGP /KNKV·T &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP /QFGNN
-TGW\ HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG -WRHGT &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ %JKPC &GPMOÒP\G HÒT -·ORHGT OKV )GHGEJVUURCPIG ō6+'065+0ŋ 5EJYGFGP 5EJYGTVOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
'Z #WMVKQP %CTUVGP <GKIG KP *CODWTI CO 1MVQDGT 0T 4 <CEJCPVMG YCT 6GKNPGJOGT FGU &GWVUEJGP /CTKPG 'ZRGFKVKQPUMQTRU PCEJ %JKPC DKU \WT 0KGFGTUEJNC IWPI FGU #WHUVCPFGU FGT (·WUVG FGT )GTGEJVKIMGKV UQIGP $QZGTCWHUVCPF WPF DGVGKNKIV CP FGT 8GTVGKFKIWPI D\Y $GHTGKWPI FGT EJKPGUKUEJGP *CHGPUVCFV 6KGPVUKP JGWVG 6KCPLKP XQO ,WPK DKU \WO ,WNK 6KGPVUKP UÒFÌUV NKEJ XQP 2GMKPI IGNGIGP XGTHÒIVG UGKV FGP GT ,CJTGP ÒDGT \CJNTGKEJG SWCUK CWVQPQOG *CPFGNUPKGFGTNCUUWPIGP $GNIKGPU FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU (TCPMTGKEJU )TQDTKVCPPKGPU +VCNKGPU ,CRCPU ¤UVGTTGKEJ 7PICTPU WPF 4WNCPFU YCT UQOKV CNU 6WOOGNRNCV\ CNNGT GWTQR·KUEJGP )TQO·EJVG DGXQT\WIVGU <KGN FGT #WHUV·PFKUEJGP &KG )GHGEJVU URCPIG ō6+'065+0ŋ YWTFG NCWV 'HNGT 'HNGT )GTV &GT (GNF\WI KP %JKPC $QZGTCWHUVCPF +P 1TFGP /KNKVC TKC /CIC\KP 0T 5 CP EC 1HHK\KGTG 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP XGTIGDGP WPF \YCT CP FKG FGWVUEJGP 6GKNPGJOGT FGT 5G[OQWT 'ZRGFKVKQP FKG CNNG CWEJ FKG )GHGEJVUURCPIG ō5';/174 ':2'&'6+10ŋ GTJKGNVGP FKG #PIGJÌTKIGP FGU FGWVUEJGP $GUCV\WPIU &GVCEJGOGPVU FGT 5VCFV 6KGPVUKP WPVGT -CRKV·PNCWVPCPV -ÒJPG FKG EC #PIGJÌTKIGP FGT -QORCPKG XQP -CRKV·PNGWVPCPV 9GFFKPI XQP FGT 5/5 )GHKQP WPF FKG #PIGJÌTKIGP FGT \YGK -QORCPKGP FGU +++ 5GGDCVCKNNQPU WPVGT /CLQT %JTKUV +P FGT GTUVGP &GMCFG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU FKGPVG <CEJCPVMG CNU 1DGTOCCV CWH FGT MCKUGTNKEJGP ;CEJV 5/; *QJGP \QNNGTP CWH FGT GT CWEJ CP GKPGT QFGT OGJTGTGP FGT CNNL·JTNKEJGP 0QTFNCPFHCJTVGP -CKUGT 9KNJGNOU ++ VGKNIGPQOOGP JCV 9·JTGPF GKPGT UQNEJGP 0QTFNCPFHCJTV FÒTHVG KJO FKG UEJYGFKUEJG 5EJYGTVOGFCKNNG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP UGKP #O 5GRVGODGT JCV <CEJCPVMG XQP -CKUGT 9KNJGNO ++ GKPG )GUEJGPM 6CUEJGPWJT GTJCNVGP XGTUVGKIGTV KP FGT #WMVKQP XQP %CTUVGP <GKIG KP *CODWTI CO 1MVQDGT 0T
45
DEUTSCHLAND - MINIATURENSCHNALLEN
8150
8152
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG $C[GTP /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ +++ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTVGTP 1NFGPDWTI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG $TQP\G IGUEJY·T\V 5EJY·T\WPI VNY XGTICPIGP $C[GTP /KNKV·T &KGPUVCWU\GKEJ PWPI HÒT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP /QFGNN /GFCKNNG +++ -NCUUG #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV FTGK #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 9ÒTVVGODGTI /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV -ÌPKI 9KNJGNOU ++ 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT - 5EJYGP\GT 9ÒTVVGODGTI /KNKV·T &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI /QFGNN /GFCKNNG -NCUUG 5KNDGT #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV FTGK #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 5CEJUGP %QDWTI WPF )QVJC 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT *GKOCVXGTFKGPUV -TKGIUOGVCNN 2TGWGP 8GTFKGPUV MTGW\ HÒT -TKGIUJKNHG -TKGIUOGVCNN 5VÒEM ++
8153
&'765%*.#0& /+0+#674'05%*0#..'0 70& -'66%*'0
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP OKV XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 2TGWGP '- ++ 5EJCWODWTI .KRRG -TGW\ HÒT 6TGWG &KGPUVG .KRRG -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT #P -GVVEJGP OKV GKPGT 0CFGN \YGKVG 0CFGN HGJNV 5VÒEM ++
8154 1:1
46
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP OKV UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 2TGWGP '- ++ 2TGWGP /KNK V·T &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP /QFGNN /GFCKNNG HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG $C[GTP $C[GTKUEJGU -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ FGU .CPFGUXGTDCPFGU $C[GTP FGU &GWVUEJGP -TKGIGTDWPFGU CNU /KPKCVWT UGNVGP *CODWTI *CPUGCVGPMTGW\ &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 5EJYCT\GU 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP #P -GVVEJGP OKV 0CFGNP 5VÒEM ++
ALBANIEN
8155
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP OKV UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 2TGWGP '- ++ 2TGWGP -TKG IGTXGTGKPU 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG FGU 2TGWKUEJGP .CPFGUMTKGIGTXGTDCPFGU 2TGWGP 2TGWKUEJGU -TKGIU 'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ HÒT -QODCVVCPVGP OKV 5EJYGTVGTP FGT 8GTGKPKIWPI 2TGWKUEJGT -TKGIUVGKNPGJ OGT KO &GWVUEJGP -TKGIGT $WPF ¤UVGTTGKEJ 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT 9GNVMTKGIUVGKNPGJ OGT $WNICTKGP 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT FGP -TKGI 7PICTP 5ÒFWPICTKUEJG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG 8KGT /KPKCVWTGP OKV -QTTQUKQPUURWTGP CP -GVVEJGP OKV 0CFGNP 5VÒEM ++ ++p+++
&'765%*.#0& -1081.76'
-QPXQNWV XQP 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGWVUEJGT 5VCCVGP DKU 7PVGT CPFGTGO CWU $CFGP $C[GTP *CP PQXGT *QJGP\QNNGTP 5CEJUGP WPF 9ÒTVVGODGTI 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGF NKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++ ++p+++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 'JTGP\GKEJGP #D\GKEJGP #PUVGEMPCFGNP GVE 8QTYKGIGPF FGT FGWVUEJGP 5VCCVGP WPF FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU FCTWPVGT XKGT ITQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNGP OKV CEJV XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ \GJP #WU \GKEJPWPIGP 7PVGTUEJKGFNKEJG /GVCNNG CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKN GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU CP $·PFGTP QFGT 0CFGNP &C\W OGJTGTG CWUN·PFKUEJG #D\GKEJGP ++ ++p+++
-QPXQNWV XQP OGKUV FGWVUEJGP #PUVGEMPCFGNP WPF -NGKPCD\GKEJGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGT 'TJCNVWPI CP 0CFGNP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP XGTUEJKGFGPGP GKPUGKVKIGP 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPIGP XQP 1TFGP FGWVUEJGT 5VCCVGP 5QIGPCPPVG )ÌFG 1TFGP 5VÒEM ++
8160
70$'-#006' #75<'+%*070)'0
7PDGMCPPVGU #D\GKEJGP OKV 5MQTRKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG ++
8161
#.$#0+'0 (ª456'067/ #.$#0+'0
1TFGP XQO 5EJYCT\GP #FNGT )QNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO UEJOCNGP MQTTGMVGP $CPF <- 444 ++
&GT 5EJYCT\G #FNGT 1TFGP YWTFG \WUCOOGP OKV FGP FC\WIGJÌTKIGP /GFCKNNGP XQP 9KNJGNO (ÒTUVGP XQP #NDCPKGP
CWU FGO *CWUG 9KGF KO ,CJTG IGUVKHVGV 0CEJ -NKGVOCPP +P -NKGVOCPP -WTV )GTJCTF WPF 0GWDGEMGT 1VVHTKGF 1TFGPU .GZKMQP $CPF 1JPG 1TVU WPF ,CJTGUCPICDG -CRKVGN ,G 5 YWTFGP KPUIGUCOV PWT IQNFGPG /GFCKNNGP XGTNKGJGP WPF \YCT CO #RTKN CNU UKEJ FGT (ÒTUV DGTGKVU KP FGT 'OKITCVKQP DGHCPF WPF \YCT CWUUEJNKGNKEJ CP #PIGUVGNNVG FGT (ÒTUVN 5EJÌPDWTI 9CNFGPDWTIKUEJGP 8GTYCNVWPI FKG KP &KGPUVGP FGU (ÒTUVGP 9KNJGNO UVCPFGP
47
KÖNIGREICH BELGIEN
8163
8162
8164
-¤0+)4'+%* $'.)+'0
.GQRQNF 1TFGP /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV -TQPG FGU 6[RU ō'URCIPQNŋ 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGEJKRU CWH 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG CO $CPF KO 'VWK $9- <- +++
-TQPGP 1TFGP 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF HÒT -TKGIUGKPUCV\ OKV GOCKNNKGTVGT $CPFURCPIG HÒT *KPVGTDNKGDGPG $9- XCT ++
-TQPGP 1TFGP -TQPGP /GFCKNNG /QFGNN OKV GKPURTCEJKIGT +PUEJTKHV )QNFGPG /G FCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF OKV $CPFURCPIG HÒT 8GVGTCPGP XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV ++
8165
8166
8168
1TFGP .GQRQNF ++ /QFGNN OKV GKPURTCEJKIGT /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF HÒT -TKGIUGKPUCV\ OKV GOCKNNKGTVGT $CPFURCPIG HÒT *KPVGTDNKGDGPG $9- XCT ++
/KNKV·TMTGW\ /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI .GQRQNFU ++ CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG -TGW\ + -NCUUG .WZWUCWUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG $9- C 4 ++
$GUQPFGTU NWZWTKÌUGU WPF UGNVGPGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UGJT RNCUVKUEJ IGUVCNVGVGT -TQPG
48
<KXKN 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ /KPKCVWT FGU 5KNDGTPGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\GU KP .WZWUCWUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT ¯ LQWT DGUGV\V OKV XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ 5KOKNKUVGKPGP QJPG $·PFEJGP &C\W 'JTGP\GKEJGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT #WHJ·PIWPI TGRCTKGTV CO $CPF 5VÒEM ++p+++
-TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG $TQP\G OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT ō' , FG $4'/#0-74ŋ CO $CPF OKV XCTKCPVGT $CPFURCPIG HÒT FCU DGNIKUEJG 'ZRGFKVKQPUMQTRU KP 4WNCPF 5KNDGT WPF GKPGT UKNDGTHCTDGPGP WPF GKPGT IQNFHCTDGPGP UEJOCNGP $CPFURCPIG $9- E F J 4 ++
KÖNIGREICH BELGIEN
8171
8169
8170 8172
)GFGPM 'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO L·JTKIGP $GUVGJGP FGU DGNIKUEJGP 6GNGITCRJGPYGUGPU 8GTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT KO TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQP CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF $9- ++
)GFGPM 'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO L·JTKIGP $GUVGJGP FGU DGNIKUEJGP 6GNGITCRJGPYGUGPU 8CTKCPVG #WU HÒJTWPI XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF $9- XCT ++
-TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG $TQP\G CO $CPF OKV \YGK $CPFURCPIGP ō9#.%*'4'0ŋ ō;17)15.#9+'ŋ #WHNCIG ō(4#0%' ŋ UQYKG MNGKPGP IGMTGW\VGP 5·DGNP WPF IGMTGW\VGP $NKV\GP ++
-TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG $TQP\G CO $CPF OKV HÒPH $CPFURCPIGP ō'/&'0ŋ ō#4&'00'5 $'.)'5ŋ ō014/#0&+'ŋ ō$'.)+37'ŋ WPF ō1.&'0$74)ŋ UQYKG MNGKPGP IGMTGW\VGP 5·DGNP ++
8173 8174 1:1
'JTGP\GKEJGP \WT ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'TÌHHPWPI FGT GTUVGP DGNIKUEJGP 6GNGITCRJGPNKPKG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF ++
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 1TFGP .GQRQNF ++ 4KVVGTMTGW\ (TCPMTGKEJ -TKGIUMTGW\ OKV 5VGTPEJGP -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIU OGFCKNNG OKV IGMTGW\VGP 5·DGNP WPF IGMTGW\VGP $NKV\GP /GFCKNNG HÒT OKNKV·TKUEJG -·OR HGT /GFCKNNG HÒT 9KGFGTUVCPFUM·ORHGT $GUQPFGTG #WU\GKEJPWPI HÒT #TDGKVUXGTFKGPUV -NCUUG #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV OKV UKGDGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT /KNKV·T 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF -NCUUG 5KNDGTPGU <KXKNXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÒT FKG (GWGTYGJT FKVQ HÒT $GCOVG +PFWUVTKGCTDGKVGT 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT *KPVGTDNKG DGPG 7PVGTUEJKGFNKEJG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP CP $·PFGTP VGKNU OKV #WHNCIGP 5VÒEM ++
49
BULGARIEN
Punze im Ring
8176 1:1
8176 1:1
$7.)#4+'0 (ª456'067/ $7.)#4+'0
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ=Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV IQNFHCTDGPGP /GFCKNNQPTKPIGP -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV CWHIGNGIVGO .ÌYGP WPF /QPQITCOO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO 4KPI 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT 2WP\G HÒT <QNQVPKMK 5KNDGT XQP DKU WPF /GKUVGT OCTMG ō02ŋ FGT (KTOC 0KEJQNNU 2NKPEMG KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CO QTKIKPCNGP RGPVCIQPCNGP $CPF $- # $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 444 ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT -TGW\G +++ -NCUUG
FKGUGU /QFGNNU XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP #WUN·PFGT .CWV 6COOCP 642 5 H GTUEJGKPV %JCTNGU %CTN 0KEJQNNU DGTGKVU KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CNU )QNF WPF 5KNDGT J·PFNGT QFGT PCJO GT *GKPTKEJ 2NKPEMG CNU ,WPKQTRCTVPGT CWH FGT PCEJ FGO 6QF XQP 0KEJQNNU FCU )GUEJ·HV CNNGKP ÒDGTPCJO &KG (KTOC YWTFG OKPFGUVGPU DKU HQTVIGHÒJTV WPF UVGNNVG UQYQJN TWUUKUEJG CNU CWEJ CWUN·PFKUEJG 1TFGP JGT )GUVKHVGV XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + XQP $WNICTKGP OKV 7MCU 0T XQO ,CPWCT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT 5VCCVU )C\GVVG 0T XQO ,CPWCT CNU \WP·EJUV XKGTMNCUUKIGT DKU -NCUUG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HÒT OKNKV·TKUEJG 6CRHGT MGKV OKV CHHKNKKGTVGO \WP·EJUV FTGKUVWHKIGO 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ YWTFG HÒT T\VG (GNFIGKUVNKEJG /WUKMGT GVE GKPG -NCUUG QJPG 5EJYGTVGT IGUVKHVGV #O &G\GODGT GTHQNIVG FKG 5VKHVWPI FGU 5QNFCVGPMTGW\GU -NCUUG WPF CO /·T\ FKG )TQMTGW\MNCUUG OKV WPF QJPG 6QVGPMÌRHG FKG FGO (ÒTUVGP CNU )TQOGKUVGT XQTDGJCNVGP YCT &KG -NCUUG OKV 6QVGPMÌRHGP YCT YQJN GDGPHCNNU PWT FGO (ÒTUVGP XQTDGJCNVGP -GPP\GKEJPGPF HÒT FKGUGU /QFGNN KUV FGT IQNFHCTDGPG /GFCKNNQPTKPI
8177
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ=Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV ITÒPGO D\Y YGKGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV GKPGO UGEJU\CEMKIGP 5VGTP DGKFUGKVU DGINGKVGV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP .KNKG QFGT $NÒVG WPF \YGK 2WPMVGP -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG D\Y -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5VWHG CD ,CPWCT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU KP GKPGT -TGW\CTOURKV\G CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# 80 <- ++ .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU PWT -TGW\G +++ -NCUUG WPF \YCT CNNG CP #WUN·PFGT XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP 0CEJ FGT 4GIKGTWPIUÒDGTPCJOG (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPFU + GTJKGNVGP FKG +PUKIPKGP LGYGKNU GKPGP ITÒPGP /GFCKNNQP TKPI /QFGNN
50
BULGARIEN
8181
8179
8178
8180 1:1
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ=Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV ITÒPGO D\Y YGKGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV GKPGO UGEJU\CEMKIGP 5VGTP DGKFUGKVU DGINGKVGV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP .KNKG QFGT $NÒVG WPF \YGK 2WPMVGP -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG D\Y -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG CD ,CPWCT GVYCU ITÌGTG #WUHÒJTWPI &WTEJOGUUGT OO OKV .KNKGPCITCHHG WPF CWHIGNGIVGO .ÌYGP KO /GFCKNNQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ=Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV ITÒPGO D\Y YGKGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV GKPGO UGEJU\CEMKIGP 5VGTP DGKFUGKVU DGINGKVGV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP .KNKG QFGT $NÒVG WPF \YGK 2WPMVGP -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG D\Y -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG CD ,CPWCT GVYCU MNGKPGTG #WUHÒJTWPI &WTEJOGUUGT OO OKV CWHIGNGIVGO .ÌYGP KO /GFCKNNQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- # $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ=Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV ITÒPGO D\Y YGKGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV GKPGO UGEJU\CEMKIGP 5VGTP DGKFUGKVU DGINGKVGV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP .KNKG QFGT $NÒVG WPF \YGK 2WPMVGP -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG QJPG 5EJYGTVGT #WUHÒJTWPI OKV GKP VGKNKIGP /GFCKNNQPU $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# 80 <- 444 ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ=Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV ITÒPGO D\Y YGKGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV GKPGO UGEJU\CEMKIGP 5VGTP DGKFUGKVU DGINGKVGV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP .KNKG QFGT $NÒVG WPF \YGK 2WPMVGP 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV ++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ=Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV ITÒPGO D\Y YGKGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV GKPGO UGEJU\CEMKIGP 5VGTP DGKFUGKVU DGINGKVGV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP .KNKG QFGT $NÒVG WPF \YGK 2WPMVGP 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV ++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO MWT\GP $CPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ=Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV ITÒPGO D\Y YGKGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV GKPGO UGEJU\CEMKIGP 5VGTP DGKFUGKVU DGINGKVGV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP .KNKG QFGT $NÒVG WPF \YGK 2WPMVGP 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV +8 -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ=Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV ITÒPGO D\Y YGKGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV GKPGO UGEJU\CEMKIGP 5VGTP DGKFUGKVU DGINGKVGV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP .KNKG QFGT $NÒVG WPF \YGK 2WPMVGP 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV +8 -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
51
BULGARIEN
Rs. der Kronenpendilie
8185 1:1
8185 1:1
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV GKPVGKNKIGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GKPGT -TQPGPRGPFKNKG 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT 2WP\G HÒT <QNQVPKMK 5KNDGT XQP DKU WPF /GKUVGTOCTMG Ä1 FGT (KTOC &KOKVTK 1UKRQX KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP *CNUDCPF $- $9- XCT &' XCT -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# OK 80 <- 44 ++ .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT -TGW\G +++ -NCUUG
FKGUGT #WUHÒJTWPI FGU /QFGNNU XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP /KV 7MCU XQO &G\GODGT UVKHVGVG #NGZCPFGT + XQP $CVVGPDGTI (ÒTUV XQP $WNICTKGP FGP \WP·EJUV HÒPHMNCU UKIGP + DKU 8 -NCUUG CNNIGOGKPGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP OKV CHHKNKKGTVGO 5KNDGTPGP <GKEJGP /QFGNN 'T YWTFG \W 'JTGP <CT #NGZCPFGTU ++ WPF FGT TWUUKUEJGP $GHTGKGT $WNICTKGPU PCEJ FGO TWUUKUEJGP 0CVKQPCNJGNFGP WPF ņJGKNKIGP )TQHÒTUV 5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ EC DGPCPPV (ÒT FGP (ÒTUVGP CNU )TQOGKUVGT FGU 1TFGPU YCT GKPG -QNNCPG CD ō)TQG -QNNCPGŋ IGPCPPV XQTIGUGJGP YWTFGP HÒT -TKGIU\GKVGP 5EJYGTVGT FWTEJ FKG /KVVG HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV XQT FGO (GKPFG WPF 5EJYGTVGT ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ IGUVKHVGV /KV 7MCU 0T (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPFU + XQO #WIWUV YWTFG FCU 5KNDGTPG -TGW\ KP 8+ -NCUUG WODGPCPPV WPF FKG UQIGP ō-NGKPG -QNNCPGŋ HÒT HTGOFG 5QWXGT·PG WPF FGTGP (COKNKGPOKVINKGFGT UQYKG HÒT JGTXQTTCIGPFG 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKVGP IGUVKHVGV
8186
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV GKPVGKNKIGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU 5KNDGTPGU <GKEJGP 5KNDGT FGT WTURTÒPINKEJ N·PINKEJG $CPFTKPI FWTEJ \YGK PQTOCNG 4KPIG GTUGV\V CO $CPF $- $9- XCT &' XCT -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 44 ++ .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT 5KNDGTPG <GKEJGP
FKGUGT #WUHÒJTWPI FGU /QFGNNU XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
52
BULGARIEN
8187
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV \YGKVGKNKIGO 8QTFGT WPF GKPVGKNKIGO 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV GXGPVWGNN PCEJXGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF $- $9- XCT &' XCT -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# 80 <- 444 ++ .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT -TGW\G ++ -NCUUG WPF PWT -TGW\G +++ -NCUUG LGYGKNU OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP LGYGKNU CP #WUN·PFGT
8188
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV \YGKVGKNKIGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU 5GV FGT + -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV &GXKUG WPF <YGKIG KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI UGRCTCV CWHIGNGIV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC -T¾VN[ KP 2CTKU OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO HÒTUVNKEJGP 9CRRGP $- $ $ $9- &' XCT XCT -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# 80 <- 5VÒEM 4 ++ .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT + -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
53
BULGARIEN
8189
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV \YGKVGKNKIGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU 5GV FGT ++ -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō9KNFUEJYGKPMQRHŋ CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV MNGKPG 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG KO 5EJTKHVTKPI CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV ō9KNFUEJYGKPMQRHŋ WPF *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō'%ŋ FGT (KTOC %JQDKNNQP KO PKEJV \WIGJÌTKIGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $- $ $ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT ++ -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
8190
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV \YGKVGKNKIGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG WPF KO 6TCIGTKPI OGJTHCEJ ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ DKU RWP\KGTV
ō(4ŋ HÒT (TKGFTKEJ 4QVJG KP 9KGP ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT WPF ō#ŋ 2WP\G CO *CNUDCPF $- # $9- &' -.' 2# QD 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++ .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT -TGW\G ++ -NCUUG WPF PWT -TGW\G +++ -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP D\Y CP $WNICTGP
54
BULGARIEN
8192
8191
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV \YGKVGKNKIGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ DKU RWP\KGTV ō(4ŋ HÒT (TKGFTKEJ 4QVJG KP 9KGP ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\GP HÒT GT 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 4QVJG OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO HÒTUVNKEJGO 9CRRGP $- # $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV -TGW\G +8 -NCUUG XGT NKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV \YGKVGKNKIGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT -TGW\G +8 -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
8193
8194
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV \YGKVGKNKIGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FKG 5EJYGTVGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG ITCXKGTV CO $CPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT -TGW\G +8 -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG QFGT GTUV ! #WUHÒJTWPI OKV \YGKVGKNKIGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU QFGT GTUV ! -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV KO TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQP \YGK 'OCKNNGEJKRU KP FGT ¤UG ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ DKU RWP\KGTV ō(4ŋ HÒT (TKGFTKEJ 4QVJG KP 9KGP ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\GP HÒT GT 5KNDGT CO NCPIGP $CPFTKPI OKV SWGT OQPVKGTVGO $CPF OKV CNVGT 0CFGN $- # $9- XCT &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++ ++p+++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV -TGW\G 8 -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP #WUN·PFGT
55
BULGARIEN
8196
8195
8197
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV \YGKVGKNKIGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO UR·VGTGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV -TGW\G 8 -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP #WUN·PFGT
/GFCKNNG ō5V #NGZCPFGT =Ìåäàë „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y CD 1TFGP ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGTU + WPF PQTOCNGP 5EJYGTVGTP 1TFGPU\GKEJGP 5KNDGT CO CNVGP LGFQEJ PKEJV \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++ .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT /GFCKNNGP 5V #NGZ CPFGT D\Y 1TFGP (ÒT 8GTFKGPUV XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP #WUN·PFGT )NGKEJ\GKVKI OKV FGO 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ UVKHVGVG #NGZCPFGT XQP $CVVGPDGTI (ÒTUV XQP $WNICTKGP OKV 7MCU XQO &G\GODGT FKG OKV KJO CHHKNKKGTVG GKPMNCUUKIG /GFCKNNG ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ CNU /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI KP (TKGFGPU WPF KP -TKGIU\GKVGP /QFGNN /KV 7MCU XQO /·T\ GTJKGNV UKG WPVGT FGT PGWGP $G\GKEJPWPI ō1TFGP ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋŋ YGKVGTJKP OKV FGO 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ CHHKNKKGTV GKPG GVYCU XGT·PFGTVG )GUVCNVWPI /QFGNN
/GFCKNNG ō5V #NGZCPFGT =Ìåäàë „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y CD 1TFGP ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPFU + 1TFGPU \GKEJGP ++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT CO CNVGP LGFQEJ PKEJV \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT 1TFGP (ÒT 8GT FKGPUV XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP #WUN·PFGT 0CEJ FGT 4GIKGTWPIUÒDGTPCJOG (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPFU + KO ,CJT GTJKGNV FKG 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV 7MCU 0T XQO #WIWUV FGUUGP LÒPIGTGU 2QTVTCKV /QFGNN #NU (ÒTUV HÒJTVG GT CWEJ GKPG + -NCUUG KP )QNF GKP FKG CDGT NCWV $CTCOQX \KVKGTV XQP 2CXNQX KP 2# 5 KP FKGUGT (QTO DKU PWT \YGKOCN CP 1DGTUV 4 2GVTQX WPF CP )GPGTCN & 0KMQNCGX XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV
8198 1:1
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV FGU (ÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT + )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG )QNF CO $CPF $9- XCT &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 444 ++p &KG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG KUV XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + XQP DKU KO WPF KO /QFGNN KPUIGUCOV PWT OCN
CP UKGDGP $WNICTGP WPF CP #WUN·PFGT XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP )NGKEJ\GKVKI OKV FGO 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ UVKHVGVG #NGZCPFGT + XQP $CVVGPDGTI (ÒTUV XQP $WNICTKGP OKV 7MCU XQO &G\GODGT FKG FGO GTUVGTGP CHHKNKKGTVGP \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIG )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G /GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ /QFGNN
56
BULGARIEN
8199
8201
8200
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVTCKV FGU (ÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT + 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO $CPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 4 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVTCKV FGU (ÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT + $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO $CPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + OKV UEJOCNGO *CNU $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO GVYCU UR·VGTGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 44 ++
GTJKGNV FKG 8QTFGTUGKVG GKP ·NVGTGU 2QTVTCKV FGU (ÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT /QFGNN
5GKV FGT 4GIKGTWPIUÒDGTPCJOG (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPFU + KO ,CJT \GKIV FKG 8QTFGTUGKVG FGUUGP LÒPIGTGU 2QTVTCKV /QFGNN
8202
8203
8204
8205
8207
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + VNY OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ (ÒTUVGPMTQPG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT VNY PKEJV CWUIGRT·IV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + VNY OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ (ÒTUVGPMTQPG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT ō# 5%*#4((ŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + VNY OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ (ÒTUVGPMTQPG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT 5VGO RGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT VNY PKEJV CWUIGRT·IV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + VNY OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ (ÒTUVGPMTQPG $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT VNY PKEJV CWUIGRT·IV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + VNY OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ (ÒTUVGPMTQPG $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT VNY PKEJV CWUIGRT·IV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Ça Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + VNY OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ <CTGPMTQPG $TQP\GIW CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
&KG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG UGKV IGPGTGNN OKV -TQPG YCT NCWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UGKV KJTGT 5VKHVWPI DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YQXQP CNNGKPG 8GTNGKJWPIGP CP #WUN·PFGT WPF CP $WNICTGP FGT ,CJTG DKU KP FKG 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGTU + HKGNGP &KG DWNICTKUEJG (ÒTUVGP -TQPG UQIGP ōTWPFG -TQPGŋ CNU YGKVGTGU -NCUUGPOGTMOCN ōOKVŋ WPF ōQJPGŋ -TQPG HÒT FKG 5KNDGTPG WPF $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG YWTFG NCWV &GPMQX WPF NCWV $CTCOQX \KVKGTV XQP 2CXNQX KP 2# 5 H GKPIGHÒJTV /QFGNN
1D GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJG 1TKIKPCNCPHGTVKIWPI QFGT WO GKPG UR·VGTG )WMQRKG JCPFGNV MQPPVG NGKFGT PKEJV HGUVIGUVGNNV YGTFGP YWTFG FKG DKUJGTKIG ōTWPFGŋ DWNICTKUEJG (ÒTUVGPMTQPG KP FKG ōGEMKIGŋ DWNICTKUEJG ō<CTGPMTQPGŋ WOIG·PFGTV /QFGNN
57
BULGARIEN
-- 8202 1:1 --
8208 1:1,3
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT (ÒT UVGPMTQPG 5GV FGT + -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP OGJTVGKNKIGU 5VGTPMQTRWU $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQN FGV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ,QJCPP 5EJYGTFVPGT KP 9KGP CP 0CFGN KO PKEJV \WIGJÌTKIGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC $CESWGXKNNG KP 2CTKU $9- &' -.' -ª 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# 80 <- 5VÒEM ++ .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV + -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP $WNICTKGP CWU FGO *CWUG 5CEJUGP %QDWTI WPF ņ)QVJC UVKHVGVG FGP 1TFGP HÒT \KXKNG 8GT FKGPUVG OKV HÒTUVNKEJGO 4GUMTKRV XQO #WIWUV 'T WOHCUUVG \W $GIKPP UGEJU -NCUUGP + DKU 8+ -NCUUG HÒT *GTTGP YQDGK FKG DGKFGP WPVGTUVGP KP \YGK )TCFG OKV WPF QJPG -TQPG WPVGTVGKNV YCT WPF FTGK -NCUUGP HÒT &COGP
+ DKU +++ -NCUUG YQDGK CWEJ JKGT FKG ++ WPF FKG +++ -NCUUG OKV WPF QJPG -TQPG XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP MQPPVGP &KG +PUKIPKGP FGT + DKU +++ -NCUUG HÒT *GTTGP WPF FGT + -NCUUG HÒT &COGP MQPPVGP CNU DGUQPFGTG #WU\GKEJPWPI CWEJ ōKP $TKNNCPVGPŋ XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP .CWV 2CXNQX KP 2# 5 YWTFG FKG UQIGPCPPVG ō<CTGPMTQPGŋ /QFGNN DGTGKVU KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGT 5VKHVWPI FGU /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO /CK GKPIGHÒJTV
58
BULGARIEN
8210
8211
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT (ÒT UVGPMTQPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF \WO -NGKPQF FGT + -NCUUG CNV MQPHGMVKQPKGTV QJPG -NGKPQF ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT (ÒT UVGPMTQPG 5GV FGT ++ -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GT UVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ,QJCPP 5EJYGTFVPGT KP 9KGP CP 0CFGN KO PKEJV \WIGJÌTKIGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# 80 <- 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT (ÒT UVGPMTQPG 5GV FGT ++ -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU KP FTGK -TGW\CTOURKV\GP CO CNVGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ,QJCPP 5EJYGTFVPGT KP 9KGP CP 0CFGN KO PKEJV \WIGJÌTKIGP QDGTHN·EJNKEJ GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# 80 <- 5VÒEM ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV ++ -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV ++ -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
59
BULGARIEN
8213
8212
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT (ÒT UVGPMTQPG -TGW\ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKR CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU KP /GFCKNNQPP·JG CO CNVGP \WO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF FTCRKGTVGP *CNU DCPF $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV ++ -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP WPF -TGW\G MNCUUG FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT (ÒT UVGPMTQPG -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGK GEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV -TGW\G +8 -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
8214
8215
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT (ÒTUVGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMU DCPF $9- &' XCT -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT -TGW\G 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōTWPFGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT (ÒTUVGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,QJ 5EJYGTFVPGT KP 9KGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP HÒTUVNKEJGO 9CRRGP $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++ .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT -TGW\G 8+ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
60
BULGARIEN
8216 1:1
8216
8218
1TFGP ō(ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP 5GV FGT ++ -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO NKPMGP -TGW\CTO QDGTHN·EJNKEJGT 'OCKNNGEJKR WPF URTWPI CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ,QJCPP 5EJYGTFVPGT KP 9KGP CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 5EJYGTFVPGT OKV HÒTUVNKEJGO 9CRRGP DKU $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV ++ -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP $WNICTKGP CWU FGO *CWUG 5CEJUGP %QDWTI WPF ņ)QVJC UVKHVGVG FGP /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVQTFGP KP 'TYGKVGTWPI FGU <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU HÒT /KNKV·TRGTUQPGP OKV HÒTUVNKEJGO 4GUMTKRV XQO /CK WPF YKG LGPGT FWTEJNKGH GT KP FGP HQNIGPFGP ,CJTGP FKG INGKEJGP 'PVYKEMNWPIUUVWHGP 'T WOHCUUVG \W $GIKPP UGEJU -NCUUGP + DKU 8+ -NCUUG YQDGK FKG DGKFGP WPVGTUVGP KP \YGK )TCFG OKV WPF QJPG -TQPG WPVGTVGKNV YCTGP &KG +PUKIPKGP FGT + DKU +++ -NCUUG MQPPVGP CNU DGUQPFGTG #WU\GKEJPWPI CWEJ ōKP $TKNNCPVGPŋ XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP
1TFGP ō(ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV FGT QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP #FLWFCPV UWT XGKNNCPV /CVGTP FCVKGTV 5QHKC CO 0QXGODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP KO $KNFGT TCJOGP $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM ++
#FLWVCPF UWTXGKNNCPV /CVGTP YCT %JGH FGT 9CEJG KO 'N[U¾G 2CNCUV FGO #OVUUKV\ FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5VCCVURT· UKFGPVGP
1TFGP ō(ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN NKGTV CO CNVGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,QJ 5EJYGTFVPGT KP 9KGP OKV HÒTUVNK EJGO 9CRRGP DKU $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV -TGW\G +++ -NCUUG XGTNKG JGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
61
BULGARIEN
8219
8220 1:1
1TFGP ō(ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „Ça Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,QJCPP 5EJYGTFVPGT KP 9KGP OKV HÒTUVNKEJGO 9CRRGP DKU $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UKPF XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT -TGW\G 8+ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP CP $WNICTGP
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 9KUUGPUEJCHV WPF -WPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Çà Íàóêà è Èçêóñòâî“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGTU + )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY XGTICPIGP QJPG $CPF $9- XCT &' 2# XCT 2' 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 44 ++
&KG \YGKMNCUUKIG )QNF WPF 5KNDGT /GFCKNNG YWTFG CO /CK XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + IGUVKHVGV .CWV 2GVTQX
KP 2' 5 YWTFG FKG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + XQP DKU PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP FKG 5KNDGTPG OCN
8221 1:1
8222
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 9KUUGPUEJCHV WPF -WPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Çà Íàóêà è Èçêóñòâî“? /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPFU + 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT QJPG $CPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 4 ++
0CEJ FGT 4GIKGTWPIUÒDGTPCJOG XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + GTJKGNV UKG FGUUGP LÒPIGTGU 2QTVTCKV /QFGNN .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 YWTFG FKG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō4QVGU -TGW\ŋ =ÏQ÷eòíè Çíaê „×eïâeí Kðúcò“? /QFGNN FCU TQVG -TGW\ KUV CWU IGU·IV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP IGHÒVVGTVGP -TQPG ÒDGTJÌJV #WUHÒJTWPI HÒT *GTTGP /GUUKPI
! XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $9- &' XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ $ ++
)GUVKHVGV XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + OKV HÒTUVNKEJGO 4GUMTKRV XQO #RTKN /QFGNN CNU #WU\GKEJPWPI HÒT 8GTYWPFGVGPJKNHG KO -TKGI NKG GU (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + PGW IGUVCNVGP /QFGNN
62
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō4QVGU -TGW\ŋ =ÏQ÷eòíè Çíaê „×eïâeí Kðúcò“? /QFGNN FCU TQVG -TGW\ KUV CWUIGU·IV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP IGHÒVVGTVGP -TQPG ÒDGTJÌJV #WUHÒJTWPI HÒT *GTTGP 8CTK CPVG OKV PKEJV IGHÒVVGTVGT -TQPG /GUUKPI ! XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $9- &' XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ $ ++
BULGARIEN
8224 1:1
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō(ÒT FKG 'TY·JNWPI FGU (ÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT XQP $CVVGPDGTIŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà BúçøecòâèeòQ ía Kíÿç Aëeêcaíäúp Áaòeíáeðã“? 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 6# 44 ++
+P (QNIG FGU $GTNKPGT -QPITGUUGU YWTFG $WNICTKGP GKP CWVQPQOGU (ÒTUVGPVWO WPVGT FGT 1DGTJQJGKV FGU 1UOC PKUEJGP 4GKEJGU #O (GDTWCT YWTFG KP 9GNKMQ 6CTPQYQ FGT OKVVGNCNVGTNKEJGP *CWRVUVCFV $WNICTKGPU FKG GTUVG $WNICTKUEJG 0CVKQPCNXGTUCOONWPI WPVGT FGO 8QTUKV\ FGU GJGOCNKIGP DWNICTKUEJ QTVJQFQZGP 'ZCTEJGP #PVKO + GTÌHHPGV FKG CO #RTKN GKPG 8GTHCUUWPI DGUEJNQ #O 6CI FCPCEJ FGO #RTKN Y·JNVG FKG ō)TQG 0CVKQPCNXGTUCOONWPIŋ #NGZCPFGT ,QUGRJ 2TKP\ XQP $CVVGPDGTI 5QJP XQP 2TKP\ #NGZCPFGT XQP *GUUGP
&CTOUVCFV \WO (ÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT + XQP $WNICTKGP 'PVIGIGP FGU #TVKMGNU FGT 8GTHCUUWPI XQP 6CTPQXQ UVKHVGVG GT WPOKVVGNDCT PCEJ ªDGTPCJOG FGT 4GIKGTWPI FKG GKPMNCUUKIG /GFCKNNG FKG XQP - 5EJYGP\GT GPVYQTHGP WPF KP 9KGP JGTIGUVGNNV YWTFG &KG GTUVGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGT CNU RGTUÌPNKEJG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG FGU (ÒTUVGP IGNVGPFGP #WU\GKEJPWPI GTHQNIVGP KO ,CPWCT FKG NGV\VG 8GTNGKJWPI CP /CLQT - 2CPKVUC CO #WIWUV FGO 6CI FGT #DFCPMWPI XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT +
8225 8226
8228 1:1
,GVQP CWH FKG 'TY·JNWPI FGU 2TKP\GP XQP $CVVGPDGTI \WO $WNICTKUEJGP (ÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT + FWTEJ FKG &GRWVKGTVGPXGTUCOONWPI CO #RTKN *GNNG $TQP\G &WTEJOGUUGT OO 6GZV KP HTCP \ÌUKUEJ ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō(ÒT FKG $GHTGKWPI ŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà 1câQáQæäeíèeòQ 1877-1878 ã.“? $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP GVYCU \GTUEJNKUUGPGP $CPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 4$ ++
0CEJ FGT DNWVKIGP 0KGFGTUEJNCIWPI FGU #RTKN #WHUVCPFGU FGT $WNICTGP XQP IGIGP FKG UGKV ,CJTGP Y·JTGPFG QUOCPKUEJG *GTTUEJCHV WPF FGO 5EJGKVGTP FGT XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP WPF 4WNCPF GKPDGTWHGPGP -QPHGTGP\ XQP -QP UVCPVKPQRGN GTMN·TVG 4WNCPF FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ CO #RTKN FGP -TKGI FGT PCEJ JQJGP 8GTNWUVGP CWH DGKFGP 5GKVGP CO /·T\ OKV FGO (TKGFGP XQP 5CP 5VGHCPQ DGGPFGV YWTFG (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + UVKHVGVG FKG /GFCKNNG OKV 8GTQTFPWPI 0T XQO ,WNK FGO GTUVGP ,CJTGUVCI FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 5VCTC <CIQTC &GT /QUMCWGT /ÒP\JQH JCV UKG PCEJ GKPGO 'PVYWTH XQP - 8 2KEEQNQ JGTIGUVGNNV
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō(ÒT FKG $GHTGKWPI ŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà 1câQáQæäeíèeòQ 1877-1878 ã.“? $TQP\G CO CNVGP 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 4$ ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT FKG ªDGTICDG FGT -TKGIUHCJPGP CP FKG $WNICTKUEJG #TOGGŋ =Meäaë „Ça Paçëaâaíeòo ía ÁúëãaðEêaòa $Qécêa ïðeç 1881 ã.“? &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCND·PFEJGP $9- &' 2# 2' 5 4 ++
#O #WIWUV DGIKPI FKG LWPIG 0CVKQP FGP ō6CI FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ FKG CP FKGUGO 6CI KJTG GTUVGP (GNF\GKEJGP CWU FGT *CPF (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGTU + GTJKGNV &KG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG YWTFG CO INGKEJGP 6CIG IGUVKHVGV WPF W C CP GKPG 4GKJG FGT CP FGP (GKGTP VGKNPGJOGPFGP JQJGP 1HHK\KGTG WPF (CJPGPVT·IGT XGTNKGJGP
63
BULGARIEN
8229
8232
8230
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō(ÒT FGP 5GTDKUEJ $WNICTKUEJGP -TKGI ŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà %ðúáEêQ-$úëãCðEêCòC $QéíC 1885 ã.“? /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + $TQP \GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO UR·VGTGP $CPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
&GT $GTNKPGT -QPITG XQP JCVVG 1UVTWOGNKGP WPF /CMGFQPKGP FKG KO (TKGFGP XQP 5CP 5VGHCPQ CP FCU PGWG $WNICTKGP IGNCPIV YCTGP YKGFGT FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ \WIGTURTQEJGP +P (QNIG GKPGU 1HHK\KGTURWVUEJGU KP 1UVTWOGNKGP ÒDGTPCJO (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + FKG *GTTUEJCHHV ÒDGT FKG DKU FCJKP CWVQPQOG QUOCPKUEJG 2TQXKP\ &CTCWH JKP GTMN·TVG -ÌPKI /KNCP + XQP 5GTDKGP OKV 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 7PICTP FGO (ÒTUVGPVWO $WNICTKGP FGP -TKGI 0CEJFGO ¤UVGTTGKEJ 7PICTP FGO KO 8GTNCWHG FGU -TKGIGU KP $GFT·PIPKU IGTCVGPGP 5GTDKGP \W *KNHG IGMQO OGP YCT YWTFG OKV FGO (TKGFGP XQP $WMCTGUV CO /·T\ FGT 5VCVWU ōSWQ CPVGŋ YKGFGT JGTIGUVGNNV +O 6QRJCPG 8GTVTCI XQO #RTKN YWTFG FKG 8GTGKPKIWPI FGU (ÒTUVGPVWOU $WNICTKGP OKV 1UVTWOGNKGP KO *GTDUV KPVGTPCVKQPCN CPGTMCPPV /KV 7MCU 0T XQO (GDTWCT UVKHVGVG (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + FKG \YGKMNCUUKIG
5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G /GFCKNNG /QFGNN -WT\ PCEJ #DFCPMWPI (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGTU + YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGT /GFCKNNG GKPIGUVGNNV
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō(ÒT FGP 5GTDKUEJ $WNICTKUEJGP -TKGI ŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà %ðúáEêQ $úëãCðEêCòC $QéíC ã ŋ? /QFGNN OKV \YGK 9CRRGP 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG CO UR·VGTGP $CPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
0CEJ FGT #DFCPMWPI (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGTU + UVKHVGVGP FKG 4GIGPVGP FKG \YGKMNCUUKIG 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G /GFCKNNG OKV 7MCU 0T XQO 0QXGODGT PGW /QFGNN &KGUG YWTFG DKU XGTNKGJGP
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō(ÒT FGP 5GTDKUEJ $WNICTKUEJGP -TKGI ŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà %ðúáEêQ $úëãCðEêCòC $QéíC ã ŋ? /QFGNN OKV \YGK 9CRRGP $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
7PDGMCPPVGU 'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ OKV FGO /QPQITCOO FGU (ÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT + $TQP\G CO RGPVC IQPCNGP $CPF FGU 1TFGPU (ÒT 6CRHGTMGKV 4 ++
8233 8235
8234
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + XQP $WNICTKGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGWVUEJURTCEJKIG +PUEJTKHV CO PGWGP &TGKGEMUDCPF ++
0KEJV VTCIDCTG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CWH FKG 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + XQP $WNICTKGP XQO #RTKN DKU \WO #WIWUV *GNNG $TQP\G &WTEJOGUUGT OO ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō(ÒT FKG 'TY·JNWPI FGU (ÒTUVGP (GTFKPCPF + ŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà $úçøecòâèeòo ía -íÿç Ôeðäèíaíä + ïðeç ŋ? -TGW\ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
0CEJ FGO (TKGFGP XQP $WMCTGUV XQO /·T\ XGTUCIVG <CT #NGZCPFGT +++ FGO (ÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT + FKG YGKVGTG 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI WPF \YCPI FKGUGP FWTEJ GKPGP RTQTWUUKUEJGP 2WVUEJ \WT #DFCPMWPI CO #WIWUV 0CEJFGO GT PQEJ GKPOCN CWH FGP 6JTQP \WTÒEM IGMGJTV YCT XGT\KEJVGVG GT CO 5GRVGODGT GPFIÒNVKI CWH FGP DWNICTKUEJGP 6JTQP 0CEJ NCPIGP KPPGPRQNKVKUEJGP 9KTTGP YWTFG (GTFKPCPF 2TKP\ XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI )QVJC -QJ±T[ 5QJP XQP 2TKP\ #WIWUV .WFYKI 8KMVQT XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI )QVJC -QJ±T[ \WO (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP $WNICTKGP IGY·JNV 'PVIGIGP FGU #TVKMGNU FGT 8GTHCUUWPI XQP 6WTPQXC UVKHVGVG GT CO &G\GODGT FCU FTGKMNCUUKIG + DKU +++ -NCUUG 'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ FCU XQP FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP JGTIGUVGNNV YWTFG 8QO 1MVQDGT DKU YWTFGP NCWV 2CXNQX KP 2# 5 H -TGW\G FGT + -NCUUG FGT ++ WPF FGT +++ -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP
64
BULGARIEN
8236 8237
8237
,GVQP CWH FKG 8GTGKFKIWPI (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPFU + CWH FKG $WNICTKUEJG 8GTHCUUWPI CO #WIWUV *GNNG $TQP\G &WTEJOGUUGT OO 6GZV KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJ ++
/GFCKNNG HÒT #TDGKV WPF .GKUVWPI FGT +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP .CPFYKTVUEJCHVU #WUUVGNNWPI KP 2NQXFKX 0KEJV VTCIDCTG QXCNG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG Z OO $TQP\G )CNXCPQ OKV 4GUVXGTIQNFWPI 4$ 5 ++
8239
8240 8238 1:1
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō<WT 8GTGJGNKEJWPI XQP (GTFKPCPF + WPF /CTKG .QWKUGŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà ÁðCêQEú÷GòCíèGòQ íC ÔGðäèíCíä + E /Cðèÿ-Ë[èçC"? )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 XCT 4 ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 YWTFG FKG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP #O #RTKN JGKTCVGVG (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + XQP $WNICTKGP KP FGT 8KNNC FGNNG 2KCPQTG DGK 8KC 4GIIKQ KP +VCNKGP 2TKP\GUUKP /CTKG .QWKUG XQP $QWTDQP 2CTOC 6QEJVGT *GT\QI 4QDGTVU XQP 2CTOC FGU NGV\VGP TGIKGTGPFGP *GT\QIU XQP 2CTOC 2KCEGP\C WPF )WCUVCNNC WPF *CNDUEJYGUVGT FGT UR·VGTGP NGV\VGP -CKUGTKP XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF -ÌPKIKP XQP 7PICTP <KVC XQP $QWTDQP 2CTOC &CU 2CCT JCVVG XKGT -KPFGT -TQP RTKP\ $QTKU FGT UR·VGTG <CT $QTKU +++ 2TKP\ -[TKNN FGT UR·VGTG DWNICTKUEJG 4GIGPV 2TKP \GUUKP 'WFQZKC WPF 2TKP\GUUKP 0CFGLFC #WU #PNC FGT 6TCWWPI UVKHVGVG (GTFKPCPF FKGUG UGEJUMNCUUKIG )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G LGYGKNU OKV QFGT QJPG -TQPG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG FKG XQP # 5EJCTHH IGUVCNVGV WPF XQP FGT (KTOC 4QVJG WPF 0GHHG KP 9KGP JGTIGUVGNNV YWTFG $GOGTMGPUYGTV KUV FGT 7OUVCPF FC DGK FKGUGT /GFCKNNG UEJQP \WO GTUVGP OCN FKG UQIGPCPPVG GEMKIG <CTGP MTQPG UKGDGP ,CJTG XQT 5VKHVWPI FGU 1TFGPU (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV WPF HÒPH\GJP ,CJTG XQT FGT 'KPHÒJTWPI KP FKG UVCCVNKEJG *GTCNFKM QHHK\KGNN KP 'TUEJGKPWPI VTKVV
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō<WT 8GTGJGNKEJWPI XQP (GTFKPCPF + WPF /CTKG .QWKUGŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà ÁðCêQEú÷GòCíèGòQ íC ÔGðäèíCíä + E /Cðèÿ-Ë[èçC"? $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO UR·VGTGP LGFQEJ MQTTGMVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# XCT 2' 5 H 4$ 80 ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō<WT 6TCWWPI XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + WPF 2TKP\GUUKP /CTKG .QWKUGŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà $Gí÷CâêCòC íC -íÿç ÔGðäèíCíä + E ÏðèíöGEC /Cðèÿ-Ë[èçC"? #WUHÒJTWPI OKV 4WPFÌUG $TQP\G CO UR·VGTGP &TGKGEMUDCPF &' 4$ ++
#WU #PNC FGT 6TCWWPI XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + OKV 2TKP\GUUKP /CTKG .QWKUG XQP $QWTDQP 2CTOC CO #RTKN YWTFG CWEJ FKGUG /GFCKNNG CNU 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CWUIGIGDGP
65
BULGARIEN
8241
8242 8243
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG 6CWHG FGU 6JTQPHQNIGTU $QTKU (ÒTUVGP XQP 6CTPQXC CO (GDTWCT 5KNDGT QJPG $CPF ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō<WO 6QF FGT (ÒTUVKP /CTKG .QWKUGŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà %ìúðòòC íC -íÿãèÿ /Cðèÿ-Ë[èçC"? -NGKPG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO UR·VGTGP &TGKGEMUDCPF &' 4$ ++
-WT\ PCEJ FGT )GDWTV KJTGT LÒPIUVGP 6QEJVGT 2TKP\GUUKP 0CFGLFC XGTUVCTD (ÒTUVKP /CTKG .QWKUG CO ,CPWCT KO CNVGT XQP PWT ,CJTGP #WU FKGUGO #PNC YWTFG FKGUG /GFCKNNG CWUIGIGDGP
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō<WO 6QF FGT (ÒTUVKP /CTKG .QWKUGŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „Çà %ìúðòòC íC -íÿãèÿ /Cðèÿ-Ë[èçC"? )TQG $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO UR·VGTGP &TGKGEMUDCPF &' 4$ ++
8244 1:1
8245 1:1
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō<WO )GDWTVUVCI FGT (ÒTUVKPOWVVGT -NGOGPVKPGŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „ÏQ %ëy÷aé 80-ãoäèøíèíaòa ía -íÿãèíÿ -ëeìeíòèía ? )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGT IQNFGV CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# XCT 2' 5 4$ 4 ++
(ÒTUVKPOWVVGT %NGOGPVKPG XQP $WNICTKGP IGDQTGPGP 2TKP\GUUKP XQP 1TN¾CPU YCT FKG LÒPIUVG 6QEJVGT FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP ō$ÒTIGTMÌPKIUŋ .QWKU 2JKNKRRG WPF JCVVG 2TKP\ #WIWUV .WFYKI 8KMVQT XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI )QVJC -QJ±T[ IGJGKTCVGV #O ,WPK DGIKPI UKG KJTGP )GDWTVUVCI #WU FKGUGO #PNC UVKHVGVG (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + CO /CK FKG FTGKMNCUUKIG )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G /GFCKNNG 5KG YWTFG KP )QNF CP FKG 5VCDUQHHK\KGTG KP 5KNDGT CP FKG UQPUVKIGP 1HHK\KGTG WPF KP $TQP\G CP FKG 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP FGU +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPVU 2NQXFKX FGUUGP %JGH UKG YCT XGTNKGJGP
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō ,CJTG #RTKN #WHUVCPFŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „25 ÃQäèíè #ïðèëEêQ $úEòCíèG“? $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP GVYCU \GTUEJNKUUGPGP $CPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 ++
#O #RTKN DTCEJ KP FGT QUOCPKUEJGP 2TQXKP\ $WNICTKGP GKP #WHUVCPF FGT $GXÌNMGTWPI IGIGP FKG UGKV ,CJTGP Y·JTGPFG *GTTUEJCHV FGU 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJGU KO .CPFG CWU 1DYQJN XQP FGP 6ÒTMGP DNWVKI PKGFGTIGUEJNCIGP IKNV GT CNU $GIKPP FGT 'PVYKEMNWPI CP FGUUGP 'PFG FKG 2TQMNCOCVKQP FGT XQNNMQOOGPGP 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU $WNICTKGP XQO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ CO 1MVQDGT UVCPF #WU #PNC FGU ,CJTGUVCIGU FGU $GIKPPU FGU #WHUVCPFU UVKHVGVG (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + OKV 4GUMTKRV XQO #RTKN FKGUG /GFCKNNG FKG DGIKP PGPF CO HQNIGPFGP 6CI FGO ,CJTGUVCI CP CNNG PQEJ NGDGPFGP 6GKNPGJOGT FGU #WHUVCPFGU XGTNKGJGP YWTFG 5KG YWTFG XQO $KNFJCWGT $QTKU 5EJCV\ GPVYQTHGP WPF XQP FGT (KTOC 0KMQNC 5CDGX KP 5QHKC JGTIGUVGNNV
66
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG \WO ,CJTGUVCI FGU #WHUVCPFGU XQO #RTKN #NWOKPKWO /GFCKNNG #NWOKPKWO CO PGWGP &TGKGEMUDCPF ++
BULGARIEN
8247 1:1
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō(ÒT FKG /CPÌXGT KP 5EJKRMC ŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „ÌaíåÂp ía Øèïêa T “? $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO PGWGP $CPF $9- 2# 4 ++
9·JTGPF FGU 4WUUKUEJ 1UOCPKUEJGP -TKGIGU XQP JCVVG KP FGT 0·JG FGT 5VCFV 5EJKRMC XQO DKU #WIWUV WPF GTPGWV XQO DKU 5GRVGODGT FKG HÒT FKGUGP -TKGI DGFGWVGPFG 5EJNCEJV CO 5EJKRMC 2CUU UVCVV IGHWPFGP KP FGT FKG 4WUUGP VNY WPVGT JQJGP 8GTNWUVGP FGP #PUVWTO FGT 1UOCPGP YKGFGTJQNV CDIGYGJTV JCVVGP #O ,CPWCT MQPPVG UEJNKGNKEJ FKG IGUCOVG QUOCPKUEJG #TOGG OKV /CPP IGHCPIGP IGPQOOGP YGT FGP +O <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV (GKGTP \WO ,CJTGUVCI FGT ō$GHTGKWPI $WNICTKGPU XQO QUOCPKUEJGP ,QEJŋ YWTFGP WOHCPITGKEJG /KNKV·TOCPÌXGT KP FGT 5VCFV 5EJKRMC WPF CO 5EJKRMC 2CUU FWTEJIGHÒJTV #WU FKGUGO #PNC YWTFG FKGUG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG KP $TQP\G WPF KP #NWOKPKWO CWUIGIGDGP XQP FGT CDGT PWT YGPKIG 'ZGORNCTG JGTIGUVGNNV YWTFGP
8249 1:1
8248 1:1
8250 1:1
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FGP 4WUUKUEJGP <CTGP #NGZCPFGT ++ WPF CP FGP ,CJTGUVCI FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 5EJKRMC XQP KO ,CJTG $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO PGWGP $CPF ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FGP 4WUUKUEJGP <CTGP #NGZCPFGT ++ WPF CP FGP ,CJTGUVCI FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 5EJKRMC XQP KO ,CJTG $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG XCTKCPVG #WUHÒJTWPI $TQP\G CO PGWGP $CPF ++p+++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FGP 4WUUKUEJGP <CTGP #NGZCPFGT ++ WPF CP FGP ,CJTGUVCI FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 5EJKRMC XQP KO ,CJTG )TQG #NWOKPKWO /GFCKNNG #NWOKPKWO CO PGWGP $CPF +++
67
BULGARIEN <#4'067/ $7.)#4+'0
8251
68
1TFGP ō*N *N #RQUVGN -[TKNN WPF /GVJQFKWUŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Ñâ. Ðàâíîàïîñòîëè Êèðèë è Ìåòîäèé“? /QFGNN )TQG -QNNCPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV MNGKPGTGP -GVVGPINKGFGTP DGUVGJGPF CWU .Ì YGP UGEJU .KNKGP WPF UGEJU /QPQITCOO )NKGFGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV -NGKPQF 5KNDGT VNY ITCXKGTV VNY \KUGNKGTV XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK KO QTKIKPCNGP YGKGP GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\VGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT GEMKIGT <CTGPMTQPG DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 <- 444 +p++
BULGARIEN
8251 Detail 1:1
#WGTIGYÌJPNKEJ UEJÌPG #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV·V KP CNNGTDGUVGT 'TJCNVWPISWCNKV·V GKPG FGT UGNVGPUVGP 1TFGPUMQNNCPGP ÒDGTJCWRV .CWV #PICDGP FGU 'KPNKGHGTGTU MQOOV FKG -QNNCPG CWU $WNICTKGP YQ UKG XQP FGP 0CEJMQOOGP GKPGU FGT UGEJU DWNICTKUEJGP PKEJV FGT MÌPKINKEJGP (COKNKG CPIGJÌTGPFGP $GNKGJGPGP DKU PCEJ FGO <WUCOOGPDTWEJ FGU -QOOWPKUOWU KO ,CJT XGTUVGEMV YQTFGP YCT &KG )TQG -QNNCPG FKG JÌEJUVG #WU\GKEJPWPI FGU <CTGPVWOU $WNICTKGP YWTFG XQO 5VKHVWPIULCJT DKU \WO 5GRVGODGT PWT CP PGWP $WNICTGP XGTNKGJGP CP <CT (GTFKPCPF WPF UGKPG DGKFGP 5ÌJPG 2TKP\ $QTKU WPF 2TKP\ %[TKN CP 'ZCTEJ ;QUUKH + +XCP )GUJQY &T 8CUUKN 4CFQUNCXQX +XCP 8C\QX $KUEJQH 5KOGQP WPF )GPGTCN &CPCKN 0KMQNCGX #WUN·PFKUEJG +PJCDGT FGT ITQGP -QNNCPG YCTGP W C <CT 0KMQNCWU ++ XQP 4WNCPF FGT &GWVUEJG -CKUGT 9KNJGNO ++ -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJ + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ -ÌPKI XQP 7PICTP WPF -ÌPKI )GQTI 8+ XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP WPF +TNCPF -CKUGT XQP +PFKGP &GT 1TFGP YWTFG IGUVKHVGV OKV MÌPKINKEJGO 4GUMTKRV XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + CO /CK CNU GKPMNCUUKIGT JÌEJ UVGT DWNICTKUEJGT 1TFGP FGT JÌEJUVGP 9ÒTFGPVT·IGTP XQTDGJCNVGP YCT &KG )TQG -QNNCPG FGU 1TFGPU DGUVGJGPF CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP YCT UVCVWCTKUEJ FGO <CT XQTDGJCNVGP MQPPVG LGFQEJ CNU DGUQPFGTG #WU\GKEJPWPI CP HTGOFG EJTKUVNKEJG 5QWXGT·PG WPF KP #WUPCJOGH·NNGP CWEJ CP $WNICTGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP &GT <CT UGNDUV VTWI \W DGUQPFGTGP #PN·UUGP GKPG UQIGP ō)TQOGKUVGTMQNNCPGŋ OKV ITQGP -GVVGPINKGFGTP &KG MNGKPG -QNNCPG YWTFG CP FKG MÌPKINK EJGP 2TKP\GP WPF CP HTGOFG EJTKUVNKEJG 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGT XGTNKGJGP &GT 1TFGP YWTFG XQP UGKPGT 5VKHVWPI DKU CP PWT PGWP $WNICTGP WPF CP KPUIGUCOV #WUN·PFGT XGTNKGJGP CNU GTUVGO FGO TWUUKUEJGP <CTGP 0KMQNCWU ++ 0CEJ YWTFG GT PKEJV OGJT XGTNKGJGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ PCEJ #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM CDIGUEJCHHV /KV 7MCU 0T XQO &G\GODGT UVKHVGVG FCU 2T·UKFKWO FGT 8QNMUXGTUCOONWPI FGP FTGKMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP ō-[TKNN WPF /GVJQFKWUŋ HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 9KUUGPUEJCHV 'T\KGJWPI WPF -WNVWT /QFGNN FGT LGFQEJ OKV 7MCU 0T XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT 5VCCVU )C\GVVG #WUICDG XQO #RTKN YKGFGT CDIGUEJCHHV YWTFG /KV FGO ō#MV ÒDGT FKG 1TFGP WPF /GFCKNNGP FGT 4GRWDNKM $WNICTKGPŋ FGT :::+: 8QNMUXGTUCOONWPI XQO /CK 7MCU 0T XQO ,WPK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT 5VCCVU )C\GVVG #WUICDG XQO ,WPK FGO ō#MV ÒDGT FKG PFGTWPI WPF 'TYGKVGTWPI FGT 1TFGP WPF /GFCKNNGP FGT 4GRWDNKM $WNICTKGPŋ FGT :::+: 8QNMUXGT UCOONWPI XQO /CK WPF FGO 7MCU 0T XQO /CK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT 5VCCVU )C\GVVG CWGT QTFGPVNKEJG #WUICDG XQO /CK YWTFG GKP PGWGU 5[UVGO UVCCVNKEJGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP IGUEJCHHGP YQOKV CWEJ FGT FTGKMNCUUKIG 1TFGP ō5V 5V -[TKNN WPF /GVJQFKWUŋ CNU #WU\GKEJPWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 9KUUGPUEJCHV 'T\KG JWPI WPF -WNVWT YKGFGT GTTKEJVGV FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGUUGP +PUKIPKGP LGFQEJ CP FGP 1TFGP FGT <CTGP\GKV CPIGNGJPV YWTFG /QFGNN 5Q DGUVGJV FKG -NCUUG CWU GKPGO -NGKPQF ·JPNKEJ FGO FGT <CTGP\GKV CP GKPGT -GVVG ·JPNKEJ FGT MNGKPGP -QNNCPG FGT <CTGP\GKV WPF CWU GKPGO $TWUVUVGTP FKG WPF FKG -NCUUG LGYGKNU CWU FGO 1TFGPUMTGW\ CO &TGKGEMUDCPF -NCUUG IQNFHCTDGP $CPF OKV 4QUGVVG WPF FTKVVG -NCUUG UKNDGTHCTDGP
69
BULGARIEN
8252 1:1
1TFGP ō*N *N #RQUVGN -[TKNN WPF /GVJQFKWUŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Ñâ. Ðàâíîàïîñòîëè Êèðèë è Ìåòîäèé“? /QFGNN 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPI FGT MNGKPGP 1TFGPUMQNNCPG OKV -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 2# ++ *GTXQTTCIGPF IGCTDGKVGVG 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPI HÒT GKP PWT UEJYGT GTJ·NVNKEJGU WPF UGJT VGWGTGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT #PIGHGTVKIV KP FGP GT ,CJTGP YQJN XQP FGT (KTOC %GLCNXQ KP /CFTKF $GK 2CXNQX 2# 0T WPF KUV GKP KFGPVKUEJGU 'ZGORNCT CNU \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGU 1TKIKPCN RWDNK\KGTV
8253 1:1
8254 1:1
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU +8 -NCUUG OKV FGT KPQHHK\KGNNGP ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ XGTUKNDGTV GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUD·PFEJGP 4 ++
&KG CWH FGT /KPKCVWT CPIGDTCEJVG KPQHHK\KGNNG ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ FGWVGV GKPG 8GTNGKJWPI Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP $CNMCP MTKGIGU CP
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU +8 -NCUUG OKV FGT KPQHHK\KGNNGP ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ XGTUKNDGTV GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG 4 ++ &KG CWH FGT /KPKCVWT CPIGDTCEJVG KPQHHK\KGNNG ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ FGWVGV GKPG 8GTNGKJWPI Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP $CNMCP MTKGIGU CP
70
BULGARIEN
8255 1:1
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV ITÒPGO D\Y YGKGO /GFCKNNQP TKPI CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV GKPGO UGEJU\CEMKIGP 5VGTP DGKFUGKVU DGINGKVGV XQP GKPGT UVKNKUKGTVGP .KNKG QFGT $NÒVG WPF \YGK 2WPMVGP -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5VWHG CD ,CPWCT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FGT QDGTG -TGW\CTO CNV PCEJGOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 444 ++p+++
'ZVTGO UGNVGPG #WUHÒJTWPI FKG PWT YGPKIG 9QEJGP NCPI PCEJ KJTGT 5VKHVWPI KO ,CPWCT KP FKGUGT (QTO QJPG ,CJTGU\CJNGP CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV &KG GKPUEJN·IKIG (CEJNKVGTCVWT MGPPV FKGUG #WUHÒJTWPI PKEJV
8256 1:1
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5GV FGT + -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -TGW\ FGT -NCUUG Z OO $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVMTGW\ Z OO $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV GOCKNNKGTV FGT WPVGTG -TGW\CTO PCEJGOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN KO PKEJV \WIGJÌTK IGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM 44 ++ 0CEJFGO $WNICTKGP CWH 5GKVG FGT /KVVGNO·EJVG KP FGP 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI GKPIGVTGVGP YCT UVKHVGVG <CT (GTFKPCPF KO ,CPWCT LGYGKNU FKG -NCUUG 5VWHG FKG -NCUUG 5VWHG WPF FKG -NCUUG 5VWHG QJPG 5EJYGTVGT CNU 5VGEMMTGW\G OKV FGP ,CJTGU\CJNGP ō ŋ WPF ō ŋ YQFWTEJ FKG DKUJGTKIGP +PUKIPKGP FGT LGYGKNKIGP -NCUUGP \WT 5VWHG FGT LGYGKNKIGP -NCUUG YWTFGP -WT\ FCTCWH GTJKGNVGP FKG +PUKIPKGP CWH FGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FKG ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ /QFGNN #WH $GHGJN <CT (GTFKPCPFU + MQPPVG LGYGKNU FKG INGKEJG -NCUUG OGJTOCNU CP GKP WPF FKGUGNDG 2GTUQP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP
71
BULGARIEN
8257 1:1
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5VWHG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ,CJTGU\CJNGP ō ŋ WPF ō ŋ CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV \YGK -TCV\GT KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG CP 0CFGN $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5VWHG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ,CJTGU\CJNGP ō ŋ WPF ō ŋ CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV OKP *CCTTKUUG KP GKPGT -TGW\CTOURKV\G CP 0CFGN $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 44 ++
8259
72
8260
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5VWHG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\GP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGTU + $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ,CJTGU\CJNGP ō ŋ WPF ō ŋ CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV OKP *CCTTKUUG KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG 8GTUKNDGTWPI VNY XGTICPIGP CP 0CFGN $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
8261
8258 1:1
8262
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ,CJTGU\CJNGP ō ŋ WPF ō ŋ CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV FKEMGO .ÌYGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $- $ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ,CJTGU\CJNGP ō ŋ WPF ō ŋ CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV UEJNCPMGO .ÌYGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV PCEJXGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV GKPKIG 4GRCTCVWTGP KP FGT TQVGP WPF YGKGP 'OCKNNG CP 0CFGN 0CFGNJCMGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG TGRCTKGTV $- # XCT $9- XCT &' XCT -.' XCT 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ XCT 80 XCT <- XCT +++
BULGARIEN
8264
8263 1:1
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñòŋ? /QFGNN /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ,CJTGU\CJNGP ō ŋ WPF ō ŋ CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG QJPG 5EJYGTVGT #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ,CJTGU\CJNGP ō ŋ WPF ō ŋ CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV FKEMGO .ÌYGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ITÌGTGP $WEJUVC DGP KP FGP /GFCKNNQPTKPIGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMU DCPF $- % $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
8266
8265
8273
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV + -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF OKV CWHIGP·JVGT 5EJNGKHG $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV + -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO GVYCU XGTH·TDVGP $CPF OKV CWHIGP·JVGT 5EJNGKHG $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV ++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF $- $9- &' XCT -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV +++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF OKV CWHIGP·JVGT 5EJNGKHG $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV +++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO GVYCU XGTH·TDVGP $CPF OKV CWHIGP·JVGT 5EJNGKHG $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV +8 -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF $- $9- &' XCT -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV +8 -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF $- $9- &' XCT -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV +8 -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF $- $9- &' XCT -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
73
BULGARIEN
8275
8281
8276 1:1
8276 1:1 8277 1:1
8278 1:1
8279 1:1
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV +8 -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF $- $9- &' XCT -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV 8 -NCUUG $TQP\G CO $CPF $- $9- &' XCT -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1D GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG RTQLGMVKGTVG QFGT VCVU·EJNKEJ XGTCWUICDVG -NCUUG JCPFGNV MQPPVG NGKFGT PKEJV IGMN·TV YGTFGP
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN CWH FGO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI FTGK HÒPH\CEMKIG 5VGTPG UQIGP ō&TGK 2WPMVG /QFGNNŋ -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP *CNUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 44 ++ 0CEJ 'PFG FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU WPF FGT #DFCPMWPI <CT (GTFKPCPFU + DGUVKGI UGKP 5QJP CNU <CT $QTKU +++ FGP 6JTQP 5VCVV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ GTJKGNVGP FKG 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU PWPOGJT FTGK HÒPH\CEMKIG 5VGTPG /QFGNN
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN CWH FGO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI FTGK HÒPH\CEMKIG 5VGTPG UQIGP ō&TGK 2WPMVG /QFGNNŋ /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU +++ -NCUUG /GUUKPIDNGEJ XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN CWH FGO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI FTGK HÒPH\CEMKIG 5VGTPG UQIGP ō&TGK 2WPMVG /QFGNNŋ /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU +8 -NCUUG /GUUKPIDNGEJ XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN CWH FGO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI FTGK HÒPH\CEMKIG 5VGTPG UQIGP ō&TGK 2WPMVG /QFGNNŋ /KPKCVWT FGU 5QNFCVGPMTGW\GU HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV + WPF ++ -NCUUG /GUUKPIDNGEJ XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN CWH FGO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI FTGK HÒPH\CEMKIG 5VGTPG UQIGP ō&TGK 2WPMVG /QFGNNŋ /KPKCVWT FGU 5QNFCVGPMTGW\GU HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV +++ WPF +8 -NCUUG /GUUKPIDNGEJ XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5VWHG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG OKP *CCTTKUUG KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG FGT QDGTGP TGEJVGP -TGW\CTOURKV\G CP 0CFGN $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
0CEJFGO $WNICTKGP CO /·T\ FGP UQIGP ō#EJUGPO·EJVGPŋ DGKIGVTGVGP WPF OKV FGT -TKGIUGTMN·TWPI CP )TQDTKVCPPKGP WPF CP FKG 8GTGKPKIVGP 5VCCVGP XQP #OGTKMC CO &G\GODGT KP FGP <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI GKPIGVTGVGP YCT YWTFGP FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU FKGUGP )GIGDGPJGKVGP CPIGRCUUV WPF PWPOGJT CWH FGO XQTFGTUGK VKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI FKG ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ GKPIGHÒIV /QFGNN &KGUGU /QFGNN KUV PWT KP FGT WPF -NCUUG UQYKG CNU 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP
74
BULGARIEN
8282
8284
8285
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5VWHG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FKG #TOG OÌINKEJGTYGKUG PCEJGOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
8286
8283
8287
8288
8289
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV + -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
+O /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN KO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI YWTFG FKG 'KPVGKNWPI FGT 5QNFCVGPMTGW\G FCJKPIGJGPF IG·PFGTV FC GU PWPOGJT PWT PQEJ -NCUUGP P·ONKEJ FKG + -NCUUG IQNFHCTDGP FKG ++ -NCUUG
UKNDGTHCTDGP WPF FKG +++ -NCUUG DTQP\GHCTDGP ICD &KG DKUJGTKIG 3WGTUEJNGKHG FGT + -NCUUG GPVHKGN
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV + -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV ++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO XQT FGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV +++ -NCUUG $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
75
BULGARIEN
8290 1:1
76
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG )TQMTGW\UGV CD OKV $TKNNCPVGP DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF Z OO I )QNF 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV DGUGV\V OKV KPUIGUCOV &KCOCPVTQUGP CWH 'EJVJGKV IGRTÒHV XQP WPVGT UEJKGFNKEJGT )TÌG QJPG LGINKEJG 2WP\KGTWPI CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP &WTEJOGUUGT OO I )QNF 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV UGRCTCV IGHGTVKIV WPF CWHIGNGIV DGUGV\V OKV &KCOCPVTQUGP CWH 'EJVJGKV IGRTÒHV XQP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGT )TÌG CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP KP 5COV CWUIGHÒJTVGO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 4QVJG WPF 0GHHG KP 9KGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT RNCUVKUEJGT KP /GVCNN IGHGTVKIVGT XGTIQNFGVGT WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTVGT \YGK ō'FGNUVGKPGŋ KO -TQPTGKH CDIGRNCV\V GEMKIGT <CTGPMTQPG $- % $9- &' 5 HH -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ $ 80 <- XCT XCT 5VÒEM 444 +
BULGARIEN #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 4QVJG 0GHHG KP 9KGP \YKUEJGP WPF XGTNKGJGP XQP <CT $QTKU +++ CP GKPGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP CNU 'ORH·IGT MQOOGP KP $GVTCEJV #NGZCPFTG /KNNGTCPF 2T·UK FGPV )CUVQP &QWOGTIWG 2T·UKFGPV 2CWN &QWOGT 2T·UKFGPV WPF #NDGTV .GDTWP 2T·UKFGPV #WGTIGYÌJPNKEJGU 'PUGODNG KP CNNGTDGUVGT #PHGTVKIWPIU WPF 'TJCNVWPISWCNKV·V DGUGV\V OKV KPUIGUCOV ÒDGT &KCOCPVTQUGP KP XGTUEJKGFGPUVGP )TÌGP DKU PCJG\W EV XQP JKUVQTKUEJ JÌEJUV DGFGWVGPFGT 2TQXGPKGP\ 'PVIGIGP FGP WPDGNGIVGP (GUVUVGNNWPIGP KO ITÌVGP 6GKN FGT DKUJGTKIGP (CEJNKVGTCVWT YWTFG DGTGKVU KO ,CJT KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGT 5VKHVWPI FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVŋ FKG UQIGP ōGEMKIGŋ DWNICTKUEJG <CTGPMTQPG UVCVV FGT DKUJGTKIGP JGTCNFKUEJGP -ÌPKIUMTQPG GKPIGHÒJTV $GNGIG JKGTHÒT UKPF PKEJV PWT FKG LGYGKNKIG 6CVUCEJG FC #WUHÒJTWPIGP FKGUGU /QFGNNU KP 'VWKU OKV FGO HÒTUVNKEJGP 9CRRGP DKU XQTMQOOGP WPF FC 8GTFKGPUV OGFCKNNGP OKV FGO (ÒTUVGP 2QTVTCKV (GTFKPCPFU WPF FGT ōGEMKIGPŋ <CTGPMTQPG GZKUVKGTGP UQPFGTP XQT CNNGO FKG 'ZKUVGP\ FGT UKGDGP UGJT UGNVGPGP 1TFGPUVCHGNP FGT 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ WPF ō(ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVŋ UQYKG FGT /GFCKNNGP ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ WPF ō(ÒT -WPUV WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHVŋ CWH FGPGP FKGUG VNY CNU ōHÒTUVNKEJŋ DG\GKEJPGV YGTFGP WPF FKG QFGT MWT\ FCPCEJ DGK + 2TCUG KP 5QHKC IGFTWEMV YQTFGP UKPF 'KP UQNEJGT 5CV\ FKGUGT 6CHGNP IGNCPIVG CO 1MVQDGT DGK 6JKGU KP FGUUGP #WMVKQP WPVGT FGP 0WOOGTP DKU \WT 8GTUVGKIGTWPI +P (QNIG FGT 'TNCPIWPI FGT XQNNUV·PFKIGP 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV $WNICTKGPU WPF UGKPGT 2TQMNCOCVKQP \WO <CTGPVWO KO ,CJTG YWTFGP FKG -QNNCPGP PGW IGUVCNVGV FKG DKUJGTKIG ō+ -NCUUGŋ KP ō)TQMTGW\ŋ WODGPCPPV WPF GKPG PGWG ō+ -NCUUGŋ OKV ITÒP GOCKNNKGTVGO -NGKPQF IGUVKHVGV UQYKG FKG -NCUUG PGW ITÒP GOCKNNKGTV IGUVCNVGV &CU )TQMTGW\ WPF FKG + DKU +++ -NCUUG MQPPVGP CWEJ KP $TKNNCPVGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP <YKUEJGP WPF YWTFG OWVOCNKEJ FKG )TQOGKUVGTMQNNCPG PQEJ GKPOCN PGW IGUVCNVGV 0CEJ UGKPGT 4GIKGTWPIUÒDGTPCJOG WPVGTVGKNVG <CT $QTKU +++ FKG WPF FKG -NCUUG KP \YGK 5VWHGP LGYGKNU OKV WPF QJPG -TQPG
8291 1:1
8292
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG /KPKCVWT \WT -NCUUG D\Y \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT )QNFNKV\G WPF 4QUGVVG 4 ++
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG 5GV FGT + -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP DKU D\Y FGU )TQMTGW\GU OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CD DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO UR·VGTGP LGFQEJ QTKIKPCNIGVTGWGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FKG 5EJYGTVGT OKVVGNU XKGT 4WPFMQRHPKGVGP DGHGUVKIV CP 0CFGN KO PKEJV \WIGJÌTKIGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM 4 ++ 77
BULGARIEN
8293 1:1
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG /KPKCVWT \WT + -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP DKU D\Y \WO )TQMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP
CD 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT .KV\G WPF 4QUGVVG ++
8294 1:1
78
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG 5GV FGT + -NCUUG CD DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OGJTHCEJ ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ DKU RWP\KGTV ō(4ŋ HÒT (TKGFTKEJ 4QVJG KP 9KGP ō 9KPFJWPF MQRH #ŋ 2WP\GP HÒT GT 5KNDGT WPF ō#ŋ 2WP\G CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPIGP ō% ( 416*'ŋ WPF ō9+'0ŋ UQYKG \YGK ō#ŋ 2WP\GP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT <CTGPMTQPG $- # # $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# 80 <- 5VÒEM 44 +p++
BULGARIEN
8296 1:1 8295
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -NGKPQF FGT + -NCUUG CD QJPG -TQPG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ CO YQJN GTI·P\VGP *CNUDCPFTKPI OKV *CNUDCPF $- XCT $9- XCT &' XCT -.' XCT 2# QD XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ XCT 80 XCT <- XCT ++ -WTKQUGU 'ZGORNCT OÌINKEJGTYGKUG PCEJ FWTEJ 'PVHGTPWPI FGT -TQPG TGRWDNKMCPKUKGTV
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP GEMKIGT DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG /KPKCVWT \WT -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF ITÒP GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT )QNFNKV\G WPF 4QUGVVG 44 ++
8297 1:1
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG 5GV FGT + -NCUUG CD OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO 6TCIGTKPI HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OGJTHCEJ ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ DKU RWP\KGTV ō(4ŋ HÒT (TKGFTKEJ 4QVJG KP 9KGP ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\GP HÒT GT 5KNDGT WPF ō#ŋ 2WP\G CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGT DG\GKEJPWPI ō% ( 416*'ŋ WPF ō9+'0ŋ \YGK ō#ŋ 2WP\GP WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 4QVJG OKV ITQGO DWNICTKUEJGP 5VCCVUYCRRGP $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM 44 ++ 79
BULGARIEN
8298
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG 5GV ++ -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO PGWGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG RWP\KGTV ō5+.$'4ŋ KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM ++
8299
80
8300
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō(4ŋ FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\GP DKU HÒT GT 5KNDGT WPF #OVURWP\G ō#ŋ CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 4QVJG WPF \YGK #OVURWP\GP ō#ŋ $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV 5KNDGTRWP\G ō ŋ $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
BULGARIEN
8301
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG RWP\KGTV ō'ŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV FGO IQNFHCTDGPGP /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + $- $9- &' -.' -ª 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP *CNUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
8303
8302
8304
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV -TQPGP 2GPFKNKGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP *CNUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ DKU RWP\KGTV ō(4ŋ HÒT (TKGFTKEJ 4QVJG KP 9KGP ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\GP HÒT GT 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGP IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP $- $ $9- &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
81
BULGARIEN
8307 8306
8305
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG $- $ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG -TQPGP 2GPFKNKGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 5EJYGTVGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG ITCXKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG $- $ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
8308
8309
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG -TQPGP 2GPFKNKGP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ $- # $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
82
BULGARIEN
8318
8311
8316
8319
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG NGGTGU 'VWK FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHVU\GKV \WO -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT <CTGPMTQPG ++ 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++ 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG NGGTGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WO -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + ++ 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG NGGTGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WO -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + ++ 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG NGGTGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WO -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + OKV -WIGNUEJTGKDGT DGUEJTKGDGP ++ 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG NGGTGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WO -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + WPF H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG IGMTGW\VG 5EJYGTVGT KP FGT (QTO HÒT 5EJYGTVGT ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ ++ 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ KO <GPVTWO FKG 5EJYGTVGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG ITCXKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGK GEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHVU\GKV OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT <CTGP MTQPG $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++ 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++ 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „ Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++ 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++ 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
83
BULGARIEN
8322
8321
8324
8323
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ [Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“] D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
/GFCKNNG ō5V #NGZCPFGTŌ =Ìåäàë „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y CD 1TFGP ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + 1TFGPU\GK EJGP + -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV QJPG 5VGOGRNUEJPGKFGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KP (TKGFGPU \GKVGP $9- &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
0CEJ FGT #PPCJOG FGU <CTGPVKVGNU GTJKGNV FKG 8QTFGTUGKVG FCU ·NVGTG 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU /QFGNN
/GFCKNNG ō5V #NGZCPFGT =Ìåäàë „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y CD 1TFGP ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + 1TFGPU\GK EJGP ++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT QJPG 5VGOGRGNUEJPGKFGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
8326 8325
8327
/GFCKNNG ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Ìåäàë „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y CD 1TFGP ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT $QTKU +++ ! 1TFGPU\GKEJGP ++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP $9- XCT &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
7PVGT $QTKU +++ \GKIVG UKG CD FGUUGP 2QTVTCKV /QFGNN FKG 9CRRGP\GKEJPWPI CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG YWTFG UR·VGT GVYCU XGT·PFGTV /QFGNN 9·JTGPF FGT <GKV FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHV HÒT FGP OKPFGTL·JTKIGP -ÌPKI 5KOGQP XQP DKU KUV FGT 1TFGP OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT $QTKU +++ YGKVGTJKP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP LGFQEJ KP GKPGO 'VWK OKV GKPGT <CTGPMTQPG UVCVV OKV FGO /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ &GT 1TFGP YWTFG KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP CO $CPFG FGU 1TFGPU ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ WPF KP -TKGIU\GKVGP CO $CPFGU FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ XGTNKGJGP 0CEJFGO CO 5GRVGODGT GKPG UQIGPCPPVG ō8QNMUHTQPVTGIKGTWPIŋ FKG /CEJV KP $WNICTKGP ÒDGTPQOOGP JCVVG UEJGKPV FGT 1TFGP GPVIGIGP FGT (GUVUVGNNWPI 2GVTQXU KP 2' 5 PKEJV OGJT XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP \W UGKP
84
/GFCKNNG ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Ìåäàë „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y CD 1TFGP ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT $QTKU +++ WPF XGT·PFGTVGO 9CRRGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG ! 1TFGPU\GKEJGP + -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHVU\GKV OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT <CTGP MTQPG $9- &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
/GFCKNNG ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Ìåäàë „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y CD 1TFGP ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT $QTKU +++ WPF XGT·PFGTVGO 9CRRGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG ! 1TFGPU\GKEJGP ++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KP (TKGFGPU\GK VGP KO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\VGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHVU\GKV OKV IQNFHCT DGPGT <CTGPMTQPG $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
BULGARIEN
8328
8329
8330
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV QJPG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT MNGKPG (GKNURWT KO 4CPF CO &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU (ÒT 6CRHGTMGKV $9- &' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 44 ++
&KG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG UGKV IGPGTGNN OKV -TQPG YCT NCWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UGKV KJTGT 5VKHVWPI DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YQXQP CNNGKPG 8GTNGKJWPIGP CP #WUN·PFGT WPF CP $WNICTGP FGT ,CJTG DKU KP FKG 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGTU + HKGNGP 0CEJ FGT #PPCJOG FGU <CTGPVKVGNU GTJKGNV FKG 8QTFGTUGKVG FCU ·NVGTG 2QTVTCKV (GTFKPCPFU /QFGNN #O ,WNK YWTFG HÒT 8GTNGKJWPIGP HÒT -TKGIUXGTFKGPUV FCU $CPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ GKPIGHÒJTV
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT ō2 6'.)'ŋ CO QTKIK PCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
5QYQJN NCWV 2GVTQX CNU CWEJ NCWV 2CXNQX WPF NCWV &GPMQX KUV FKG /GFCKNNG KP FKGUGT (QTO PKG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FC FKG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG XQP DKU ITWPFU·V\NKEJ XQP GKPGT -TQPG ÒDGTJÌJV YCT 1D GU UKEJ JKGTDGK FGPPQEJ WO GKP WPXGTNKGJGPGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT JCPFGNV MCPP PKEJV OKV 5KEJGTJGKV HGUVGIGUVGNNV YGTFGP
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT ō2 6'.)'ŋ CO QTKIK PCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
8331
8334
8331
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT QJPG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 2GPVCIQ PCNDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G QJPG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUV /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + $TQP \GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G QJPG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP <CT $QTKU +++ )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF FGU 1TFGPU (ÒT 6CRHGTMGKV $9- &' QD 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
&KG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG UGKV IGPGTGNN OKV -TQPG YCT NCWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 UGKV KJTGT 5VKHVWPI DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YQXQP CNNGKPG 8GTNGKJWPIGP CP #WUN·PFGT WPF CP $WNICTGP FGT ,CJTG DKU KP FKG 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGTU + HKGNGP 7PVGT $QTKU +++ \GKIVG UKG FGUUGP 2QTVTCKV /QFGNN 0CEJFGO CO 5GRVGODGT GKPG UQIGPCPPVG ō8QNMUHTQPVTGIKGTWPIŋ FKG /CEJV KP $WNICTKGP ÒDGTPQOOGP JCVVG YWTFG CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG UVCVV FGU <CTGPRQTVTCKVU FGT WPIGMTÌPVG DWNICTKUEJG .ÌYG GKPIGHÒIV /QFGNN WPF FKG ō)QNF -NCUUGŋ CDIGUEJCHHV 0CEJ #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM CO /CK YWTFG FKG -TQPG FWTEJ GKPGP UVKNKUKGTVGP JTGPMTCP\ GTUGV\V /QFGNN DKU FKG /GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ OKV 7MCU FGU /KPKUVGTTCVGU XQO ,WPK CDIGUEJCHHV YQTFGP KUV
85
BULGARIEN
8336
8340
8335
8341
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP <CT $QTKU +++ )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
5QYQJN NCWV 2GVTQX CNU CWEJ NCWV 2CXNQX WPF NCWV &GPMQX KUV FKG /GFCKNNG KP FKGUGT (QTO PKG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FC FKG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG XQP DKU ITWPFU·V\NKEJ XQP GKPGT -TQPG ÒDGTJÌJV YCT 1D GU UKEJ JKGTDGK FGPPQEJ WO GKP WPXGTNKGJGPGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT JCPFGNV MCPP PKEJV OKV 5KEJGTJGKV HGUVGIGUVGNNV YGTFGP
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP <CT $QTKU +++ 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT CO $CPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' QD 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP <CT $QTKU +++ 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP <CT $QTKU +++ $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G CO $CPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' QD 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP <CT $QTKU +++ $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO $CPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
1TFGP (ÒT ō$ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUV QTFGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,QJ 5EJYGTFVPGT KP 9KGP OKV MÌPKINKEJGO 9CRRGP
CD $9- &' -.' 2# QD 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++ .CWV 2CXNQX KP 2# 5 YWTFG FKG UQIGPCPPVG ōGEMKIGŋ <CTGPMTQPG /QFGNN GDGPUQ YKG DGKO 1TFGP ō5V #NGZ CPFGTŋ DGTGKVU KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGT 5VKHVWPI FGU /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO /CK GKPIGHÒJTV &GO KUV GPVIGIGP CPFGTGT WPDGNGIVGT (GUVUVGNNWPIGP KP GKPGO 6GKN FGT DKUJGTKIGP (CEJNKVGTCVWT \W\WUVKOOGP $GNGIG JKGTHÒT KUV PKEJV PWT FKG 6CVUCEJG FC #WUHÒJTWPIGP FKGUGU /QFGNNU KP 'VWKU OKV FGO HÒTUVNKEJGP 9CRRGP DKU XQTMQOOGP UQPFGTP XQT CNNGO FKG 'ZKUVGP\ FGT UKGDGP UGJT UGNVGPGP 1TFGPUVCHGNP FGT 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ WPF ō(ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVŋ UQYKG FGT /GFCKNNGP ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVŋ WPF ō(ÒT -WPUV WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHVŋ CWH FGPGP FKGUG VNY CNU ōHÒTUVNKEJŋ DG\GKEJPGV YGTFGP WPF FKG QFGT MWT\ FCPCEJ DGK + 2TCUG KP 5QHKC IGFTWEMV YQTFGP UKPF 'KP UQNEJGT 5CV\ FKGUGT 6CHGNP IGNCPIVG CO 1MVQDGT DGK 6JKGU KP FGUUGP #WMVKQP WPVGT FGP 0WOOGTP DKU \WT 8GTUVGKIGTWPI $GK 'TNCPIWPI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV $WNICTKGPU YWTFGP FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU PKEJV IG·PFGTV
86
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGK GEMUDCPF $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
BULGARIEN
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGK GEMUDCPF $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGK GEMUDCPF $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
8345
8346
1TFGP (ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ + -NCUUG HÒT &COGP &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ DKU RWP\KGTV ō(4ŋ HÒT (TKGFTKEJ 4QVJG KP 9KGP ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\GP HÒT GT 5KNDGT CP QTKIKPCNGT CNVGT &COGPUEJNGKHG $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ # 80 <- 4 ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP OKV UQIGP ōGEMKIGTŋ <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG HÒT &COGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CP QTKIKPCNGT CNVGT &C OGPUEJNGKHG $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ # 80 <- ++
8347
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGTG +PUKIPKGP 5GV FGT + -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO PCEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT #TV MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUV UVGTP OGJTVGKNKIGT 5VGTPMQTRWU $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCT DGPGT GEMKIGT <CTGPMTQPG DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++ 0CEJ FGT ªDGTPCJOG FGT 4GIKGTWPI FWTEJ <CT $QTKU +++ YWTFGP FKG +PUKIPKGP MNGKPGT WPF FGTGP 1DGTHN·EJG HNCEJGT IGUVCNVGV /QFGNN
87
BULGARIEN
8348
8349
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō(4ŋ FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP WPF ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\GP HÒT GT 5KNDGT DKU CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG MNGKPG 'OCKNNGEJKRU KP FGP -TGW\CTOURKV \GP CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDG PGT <CTGPMTQPG $9- &' -.' -ª 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++p+++
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWTGP KP FGP /GFCKNNQPTKPIGP &C\W 1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV LGYGKNU CP PKEJV MQTTGMVGP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
#WHITWPF FGT ō9KPFJWPFMQRHŋ 2WP\G N·V UKEJ 'PVUVGJWPIU\GKVTCWO FKGUGU -TGW\GU CWH 'PFG DKU #RTKN DGITGP\GP
8351
8352
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG HÒT &COGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP &C OGPUEJNGKHG $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ # 80 <- 4 ++
1TFGP (ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG HÒT &COGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP &COGPUEJNGKHG $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ # 80 <- 4 ++
88
BULGARIEN
8353
8354 1:1
8354 1:1
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG HÒT &COGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP &COGPUEJNGKHG $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ # 80 <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI 5GV FGT + -NCUUG -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG RWP\KGTV ō5+.$'4ŋ KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /Q PQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 6# 80 <- 5VÒEM 4 ++ QTFPGVG <CT $QTKU +++ GKPG 4GQTICPKUCVKQP FGU 1TFGPU CP /QFGNN FKG UQHQTV YKTMUCO CDGT GTUV OKV &CVWO XQO /CK UVCVWCTKUEJ HGUVIGJCNVGP YWTFG 9GUGPVNKEJ FCDGK YCT FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGU )TQMTGW\GU OKV GKPGO DTKNNCPVKGTVGP $TWUVUVGTP ÒDGT FGT -NCUUG PWPOGJT OKV GKPGO GKPHCEJGP CEJVUVTCJNKIGP $TWUVUVGTP +P FKGUGT (QTO YWTFG FGT 1TFGP DKU CWH YGPKIG #WUPCJOGP U W DKU XGTNKGJGP #NNGTFKPIU YWTFG CWEJ WPF PKEJV GTUV YKG &GPMQX WPF 2CXNQX CPPGJOGP OÌINKEJGTYGKUG KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGT 0GWHCUUWPI FGT 5VCVWVGP HÒT DGUVKOOVG 8GTNGKJWPIGP WPF PKEJV IGPGTGNN GKP DGUQPFGTGU GKPVGKNKIGU 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP KP FGT (CEJNKVGTCVWT ōHNCEJGUŋ 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP IGPCPPV GKPIGHÒJTV /QFGNN FCU KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV FGP 0COGP <CT (GTFKPCPFU ō¢ ¨ +ŋ FCU 5VKHVWPIUFCVWO FGU 1TFGPU ō 8+++ ŋ WPF FGP .ÌYGP QJPG 5CEJUGPUEJKNF \GKIV 8GTNGKJWPIUITWRRGP OKV DGKIGHÒIVGP 7TMWPFGP JCDGP IG\GKIV FC GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO 8GTNGKJWPIGP JCPFGNVG FKG CWH 8QTUEJNCI FGU UKEJ UGKV 'PFG KO FGWVUEJGP 'ZKN DGHKPFNKEJGP <CTGP (GTFKPCPF + LGFQEJ KO 0COGP XQP <CT $QTKU +++ GTHQNIVGP WPF FKG CWEJ ÒDGT FCU *QHOCTUEJCNNCOV (GTFKPCPFU KP %QDWTI WPF PKEJV ÒDGT FKG 1TFGPUMCP\NGK QFGT FCU -CDKPGVV XQP -ÌPKI $QTKU KP 5QHKC ōCDIGYKEMGNVŋ YWTFGP 7YG $TGV\GPFQTHGT .WFYKIUDWTI UGK HÒT FKGUDG\ÒINKEJG *KPYGKUG WPF FKG ªDGTNCUUWPI GPVURTGEJGPFGT 7PVGTNCIGP JGT\NKEJUV IGFCPMV #O 5GRVGODGT KP (QNIG FGU 'KPOCTUEJGU FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP ÒDGTPCJO GKPG UQIGPCPPVG ō8QNMUHTQPV TGIKGTWPIŋ FKG /CEJV WPF GPVOCEJVGVG HCMVKUEJ FGP HÒT FGP OKPFGTL·JTKIGP -ÌPKI 5KOGQP TGIKGTGPFGP 4GIGPV UEJCHVUTCV YQTCWH CWEJ FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU XGT·PFGTV YWTFGP KPFGO FCU <GPVTWO FGU 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU
FGT CWHTGEJV UEJTGKVGPFG IGMTÌPVG .ÌYG CP 5VGNNG FGU ŋ¢+Ō (+ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG RNCV\KGTV WPF UVCVV FGUUGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FKG DWNICTKUEJG 6TKMQNQTG UEJT·I GKPIGHÒIV YWTFG /QFGNN &KG <CTGPMTQPG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI DNKGD DGK FKGUGT CNU ō4GIGPVUEJCHVU /QFGNNŋ DG\GKEJPGVGP #WUHÒJTWPI GTJCNVGP 0CEJFGO CO 5GRVGODGT KP GKPGT 8QNMUCDUVKOOWPI FKG /QPCTEJKG CDIGUEJCHHV YQTFGP YCT TKGH )GQTIK &KOKVTQX CO 5GRVGODGT FKG 4GRWDNKM CWU 0WPOGJT YWTFG KP FGP 1TFGPUMTGW\GP FKG <CTGPMTQPG FWTEJ GKPGP UVKNKUKGTVGP JTGPMTCP\ GTUGV\V WPF CWEJ FKG CWH FGO -QRH FGU .ÌYGP UKV\GPFG -TQPG GPVHGTPV /QFGNN YWTFG FGT 1TFGP UEJNKGNKEJ CDIGUEJCHHV
89
BULGARIEN
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP IGPCPPV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP 4WO·PKUEJGP $QVUEJCHVGT KP $WNICTKGP )GQTIGU %CTCPHKN FCVKGTV 5QHKC CO /·T\ OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHVGP IGHCNVGV OGJTGTG MNGKPG 'KPTKUUG OKV ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FGU -CDKPGVVU FGU -ÌPKIU FCVKGTV 5QHKC CO #RTKN OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU %JGHU FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP -CDKPGVVU 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI NGGTGU QTKIKPCNGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHVU\GKV \WO -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT <CTGPMTQPG ++
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI NGGTGU QTKIKPCNGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHVU\GKV \WO -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT <CTGPMTQPG ++
8358
8359
1TFGP ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHVU\GKV OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT <CTGPMTQPG $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP 5GV FGT + -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 5VGTPMÌTRGT OGJTVGKNKI IGHGTVKIV CP 0CFGN KO PKEJV \WIGJÌTKIGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC $CESWG XKNNG KP 2CTKU $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM +p++ $GK 'TNCPIWPI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV $WNICTKGPU YWTFGP FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU PKEJV IG·PFGTV #D MQPPVGP FKG +8 8 WPF 8+ -NCUUG CWEJ CO $CPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP YWTFG HÒT 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGT + DKU 8 -NCUUG KP -TKGIU\GKVGP PCEJ FGO 8QTDKNF ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGT 1TFGP GKPG UQIGPCPPVG -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP DGUVGJGPF CWU GKPGO 'KEJGP WPF .QTDGGTDN·VVGT -TCP\ FKG CWH FCU -TGW\ CWHIGNGIV KUV IGUVKHVGV YQDGK FKG +8 WPF 8 -NCUUG OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP ITWPFU·V\NKEJ CO $CPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ XGTNKGJGP YWTFGP
90
BULGARIEN
8360 1:1
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP 5GV FGT + -NCUUG OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP CD DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUV UVGTP OGJTVGKNKIGT 5VGTPMÌTRGT $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV TÒEMUGKVKIG #DFGEM RNCVVG FGU <GPVTWOU GTI·P\V CP 0CFGN KO PKEJV \WIGJÌTKIGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC $CESWGXKNNG KP 2CTKU $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM ++
91
BULGARIEN
8361
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP 5GV FGT ++ -NCUUG OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP CD DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $9- &' -.' -ª 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM ++
8362
92
8363
8365
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' XCT -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP .GGTGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WO -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\VGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
BULGARIEN
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN ITÌGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO &TGKGEMU DCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
8369
8370 8368
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
0CEJ FGT ªDGTPCJOG FGT 4GIKGTWPI FWTEJ <CT $QTKU +++ YWTFGP FKG +PUKIPKGP MNGKPGT WPF FGTGP 1DGTHN·EJG HNCEJGT IGUVCNVGV /QFGNN QTFPGVG GT GKP 4GQTICPKUCVKQP FGU 1TFGPU CP /QFGNN FKG UQHQTV YKTMUCO YWTFG CDGT GTUV OKV &CVWO XQO /CK UVCVWCTKUEJ HGUVIGJCNVGP YWTFG 9GUGPVNKEJ FCDGK YCT FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGU )TQMTGW\GU OKV GKPGO DTKNNCPVKGTVGP $TWUVUVGTP ÒDGT FGT -NCUUG PWPOGJT OKV GKPGO GKPHCEJGP CEJVUVTCJNKIGP $TWUVUVGTP +P FKGUGT (QTO YWTFG FGT 1TFGP DKU CWH YGPKIG #WUPCJOGP U W DKU XGTNKGJGP #NNGTFKPIU YWTFG CWEJ WPF PKEJV GTUV YKG &GPMQX WPF 2CXNQX CPPGJOGP OÌINKEJGTYGKUG KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGT 0GWHCUUWPI FGT 5VCVWVGP HÒT DGUVKOOVG 8GTNGKJWPIGP WPF PKEJV IGPGTGNN GKP DGUQPFGTGU GKPVGKNKIGU 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP KP FGT (CEJNKVGTCVWT ōHNCEJGUŋ 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP IGPCPPV GKPIGHÒJTV /QFGNN FCU KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV FGP 0COGP <CT (GTFKPCPFU ō¢ ¨ +ŋ FCU 5VKHVWPIUFCVWO FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ ō 8+++ ŋ WPF FGP .ÌYGP QJPG 5CEJUGPUEJKNF \GKIV 8GTNGKJWPIUITWRRGP OKV DGKIGHÒIVGP 7TMWPFGP JCDGP IG\GKIV FC GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO 8GTNGKJWPIGP JCPFGNVG FKG CWH 8QTUEJNCI FGU UKEJ UGKV 'PFG KO FGWVUEJGP 'ZKN DGHKPFNKEJGP <CTGP (GTFKPCPF + LGFQEJ KO 0COGP XQP <CT $QTKU +++ GTHQNIVGP WPF FKG CWEJ ÒDGT FCU *QHOCTUEJCNNCOV (GTFKPCPFU KP %QDWTI WPF PKEJV ÒDGT FKG 1TFGPUMCP\NGK QFGT FCU -CDKPGVV XQP -ÌPKI $QTKU KP 5QHKC ōCDIGYKEMGNVŋ YWTFGP 7YG $TGV\GPFQTHGT .WFYKIUDWTI UGK HÒT FKGUDG\ÒINKEJG *KPYGKUG WPF FKG ªDGTNCUUWPI GPVURTGEJGPFGT 7PVGTNCIGP JGT\NKEJUV IGFCPMV #O 5GRVGODGT KP (QNIG FGU 'KPOCTUEJGU FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP ÒDGTPCJO GKPG UQIGPCPPVG ō8QNMUHTQPV TGIKGTWPIŋ FKG /CEJV WPF GPVOCEJVGVG HCMVKUEJ FGP HÒT FGP OKPFGTL·JTKIGP -ÌPKI 5KOGQP TGIKGTGPFGP 4GIGPVUEJCHVUTCV YQTCWH CWEJ FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU XGT·PFGTV YWTFGP KPFGO FCU <GPVTWO FGU 4ÒEM UGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU FGT CWHTGEJV UEJTGKVGPFG IGMTÌPVG .ÌYG CP 5VGNNG FGU ŋ¢+Ō (+ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG RNCV\KGTV WPF UVCVV FGUUGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FKG DWNICTKUEJG 6TKMQNQTG UEJT·I GKPIGHÒIV YWTFG /QFGNN #WEJ FCU DKUJGTKIG $CPF YWTFG FWTEJ FCU FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ CWUIGVCWUEJV 8GTNGKJWPIGP CO $CPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ YWTFGP LGFQEJ YGKVGT XQTIGPQOOGP &KG <CTGPMTQPG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI DNKGD DGK FKGUGT CNU ō4GIGPVUEJCHVU /QFGNNŋ DG\GKEJPGVGP #WUHÒJTWPI GTJCNVGP 0CEJFGO CO 5GRVGODGT KP GKPGT 8QNMU CDUVKOOWPI FKG /QPCTEJKG CDIGUEJCHHV YQTFGP YCT TKGH )GQTIK &KOKVTQX CO 5GRVGODGT FKG 4GRWDNKM CWU 0WPOGJT YWTFG KP FGP 1TFGPUMTGW\GP FKG <CTGPMTQPG FWTEJ GKPGP UVKNKUKGTVGP JTGPMTCP\ GTUGV\V WPF CWEJ FKG CWH FGO -QRH FGU .ÌYGP UKV\GPFG -TQPG GPVHGTPV /QFGNN /KV $GUEJNW 0T FGU /KPKUVGTTCVGU XQO ,WPK YWTFG FGT 1TFGP UEJNKGNKEJ CDIGUEJCHHV
1TFGP ō(ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVŋ =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG $TQP\G XGT UKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
93
BULGARIEN
8372
8371
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG WPF -TKGIUFGMQ TCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ $9- &' -.' -ª 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TQPG WPF -TKGIUFGMQ TCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' -.' -ª 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV GKP -TGW\CTO CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV ITQHN·EJKIGT 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT CO &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IG PCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGTG +PUKIPKGP -TGW\ 8+ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ OKV DGUEJ·FKIVGO 8GTUEJNW $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
8375
94
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ =Ïî÷åòåí Çíàê „Çà Íàñúð÷åíèå êúì ×åëîâåêîëþáèå“? CWEJ ō1TFGP HÒT 9QJNV·VKIMGKVŋ IGPCPPV QFGT H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG CNU ō1TFGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ŋ DG\GKEJPGV /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOOGP <CT (GTFKPCPFU + \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW \CTOGP 5GV FGT + -NCUUG HÒT *GTTGP DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIK PCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVMTGW\ 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGURTÒPIG WPF -TCV\GT KO 4QVGP -TGW\ CP 0CFGN $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM 4 ++
BULGARIEN /KV 4GUMTKRV XQO /CK UVKHVGVG <CT (GTFKPCPF + FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP 'U WOHCUUVG XKGT -NCUUGP + DKU +8 -NCUUG HÒT *GTTGP WPF FTGK -NCUUGP HÒT &COGP + DKU +++ -NCUUG 1DYQJN 4GUMTKRV WPF 5VCVWV XQP GKPGO 'JTGP\GK EJGP URTGEJGP YGKUV GU CNNG %JCTCMVGTKUVKMC GKPGU 1TFGPU CWH &KG DGTGKVU CO 1MVQDGT IGUVKHVGVGP FTGKMNCUUKIGP
)QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G /GFCKNNGP ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ WPF ō(ÒT FKG 4GVVWPI XQP /GPUEJGPNG DGPŋ YWTFGP FGO 'JTGP\GKEJGP DGK FGUUGP 5VKHVWPI CHHKNKKGTV #O 5GRVGODGT KP (QNIG FGU 'KPOCTUEJGU FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP ÒDGTPCJO GKPG UQIGPCPPVG ō8QNMUHTQPV TGIKGTWPIŋ FKG /CEJV WPF GPVOCEJVGVG HCMVKUEJ FGP HÒT FGP OKPFGTL·JTKIGP -ÌPKI 5KOGQP TGIKGTGPFGP 4GIGPVUEJCHVUTCV YQTCWH CWEJ FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU 'JTGP\GKEJGPU XGT·PFGTV YWTFGP KPFGO FKG \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP DGHKPFNKEJGP /QPQITCOOG <CT (GTFKPCPFU GTUCV\NQU GPVHGTPV YWTFGP #NNGTFKPIU DGJKGNV FGT .ÌYG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG UGKPG WTURTÒPINKEJG (QTO OKV <CTGPMTQPG WPF 5CEJUGPUEJKNF +P FKGUGT (QTO YWTFG GU CWEJ PCEJ #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM CO 5GRVGODGT YGKVGT XGTNKGJGP DKU GU RGT &GMTGV FGU /KPKUVGTTCVGU XQO ,WNK CDIGUEJCHHV YWTFG
8376
8377
8378
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ =Ïî÷åòåí Çíàê „Çà Íàñúð÷åíèå êúì ×åëîâåêîëþáèå“? CWEJ ō1TFGP HÒT 9QJNV·VKIMGKVŋ IGPCPPV QFGT H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG CNU ō1TFGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ŋ DG\GKEJPGV /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOOGP <CT (GTFKPCPFU + \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW \CTOGP -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG HÒT *GTTGP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 <- 4 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ =Ïî÷åòåí Çíàê „Çà Íàñúð÷åíèå êúì ×åëîâåêîëþáèå“? CWEJ ō1TFGP HÒT 9QJNV·VKIMGKVŋ IGPCPPV QFGT H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG CNU ō1TFGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ŋ DG\GKEJPGV /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOOGP <CT (GTFKPCPFU + \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW \CTOGP -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG HÒT *GTTGP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 <- ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ =Ïî÷åòåí Çíàê „Çà Íàñúð÷åíèå êúì ×åëîâåêîëþáèå“? CWEJ ō1TFGP HÒT 9QJNV·VKIMGKVŋ IGPCPPV QFGT H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG CNU ō1TFGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ŋ DG\GKEJPGV /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOOGP <CT (GTFKPCPFU + \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW \CTOGP -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG HÒT *GTTGP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 <- ++
8379
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ =Ïî÷åòåí Çíàê „Çà Íàñúð÷åíèå êúì ×åëîâåêîëþáèå“? CWEJ ō1TFGP HÒT 9QJNV·VKIMGKVŋ IGPCPPV QFGT H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG CNU ō1TFGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ŋ DG\GKEJPGV /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOOGP <CT (GTFKPCPFU + \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW \CTOGP -TGW\ + -NCUUG HÒT &COGP 5KNDGT CNV XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP FGT QTKIKPC NGP &COGPUEJNGKHG $9- XCT &' -.' 2# XCT 2' 5 H 4$ # XCT 80 XCT <- XCT 444 ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK VCVU·EJNKEJ WO GKP CNV XGTIQNFGVGU 'ZGORNCT FCU KP FKGUGT #WUHÒJTWPI DKUJGT PKEJV RWDNK\KGTV YQTFGP KUV 1D GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG \YGKVG #WUHÒJTWPI FGT + -NCUUG HÒT &COGP CPUVGNNG FGU $TWUV 5VGEMMTGW\GU QFGT WO GKPG GKPOCNKIG DGUQPFGTG #WUHÒJTWPI JCPFGNV MQPPVG NGKFGT PKEJV HGUVIGUVGNNV YGTFGP
95
BULGARIEN
8382
8380
8381
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ =Ïî÷åòåí Çíàê „Çà Íàñúð÷åíèå êúì ×åëîâåêîëþáèå“? CWEJ ō1TFGP HÒT 9QJNV·VKIMGKVŋ IGPCPPV QFGT H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG CNU ō1TFGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ŋ DG\GKEJPGV /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOOGP <CT (GTFKPCPFU + \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW \CTOGP -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG HÒT &COGP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP &COGPUEJNGKHG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ # 80 <- ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ =Ïî÷åòåí Çíàê „Çà Íàñúð÷åíèå êúì ×åëîâåêîëþáèå“? CWEJ ō1TFGP HÒT 9QJNV·VKIMGKVŋ IGPCPPV QFGT H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG CNU ō1TFGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ŋ DG\GKEJPGV /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOOGP <CT (GTFKPCPFU + \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW \CTOGP -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG HÒT &COGP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP &COGP UEJNGKHG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV /QPQITCOO <CT (GTFKPCPFU + $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ # 80 <- ++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ =Ìåäàë „Çà Íàñúð÷åíèå êúì ×åëîâåêîëþáèå“?
CWEJ ō/GFCKNNG HÒT 9QJNV·VKIMGKVŋ IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG QJPG -TQPG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV QJPG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT CO PGWGP LGFQEJ PCJG\W MQTTGMVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' XCT 2# XCT 2' 5 4$ XCT 80 ++
&KG GKPUEJN·IKIG (CEJNKVGTCVWT &GPMQX 2CXNQX 2GVTQX WPF 4QOCPQHH MGPPV FKGUG #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG -TQPG PKEJV 1D GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKP FGPPQEJ XGTNKGJGPGU 'ZGORNCT JCPFGNV MCPP PKEJV OKV 5KEJGTJGKV HGUVIGUVGNNV YGTFGP #O 1MVQDGT UVKHVGVG <CT (GTFKPCPF + FKG FTGKMNCUUKIG )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G /GFCKNNG $GK FGT 5VKHVWPI FGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ YWTFG FKG /GFCKNNG FKGUGO CHHKNKKGTV $KU YWTFG UKG KP WPXGT·PFGTVGT (QTO OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU XGTNKGJGP #O 5GRVGODGT KP (QNIG FGU 'KP OCTUEJGU FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP ÒDGTPCJO GKPG UQIGPCPPVG ō8QNMUHTQPVTGIKGTWPIŋ FKG /CEJV WPF GPVOCEJVGVG HCMVKUEJ FGP HÒT FGP OKPFGTL·JTKIGP -ÌPKI 5KOGQP TGIKGTGPFGP 4GIGPVUEJCHVUTCV YQTCWH CWEJ FKG /GFCKNNG XGT·PFGTV YWTFG KPFGO FKG DKUJGTKIG 4ÒEMUGKVG \WT 8QTFGTUGKVG YWTFG 0CEJ #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM CO 5GRVGODGT YWTFG FKG -TQPGPÒDGTJÌJWPI FWTEJ GKPGP UVKNKUKGTVGP JTGPMTCP\ GTUGV\V 2GT &GMTGV FGU /KPKUVGTTCVGU XQO ,WNK YWTFG FKG /GFCKNNG CDIGUEJCHHV
8383
8384
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ =Ìåäàë „Çà Íàñúð÷åíèå êúì ×åëîâåêîëþáèå“?
CWEJ ō/GFCKNNG HÒT 9QJNV·VKIMGKVŋ IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGTIW OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT 2 6'.)' CO PGWGP LGFQEJ PCJG\W MQTTGMVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 4$ 80 ++p+++
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT FKG 4GVVWPI XQP /GPUEJGPNGDGPŋ =Ìåäàë „Çà Ñïàñÿâàíå Ïîãèáàþùè“? /QFGNN
OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUK IPCVWT 2 6'.)' CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 4 ++
&KG FTGKMNCUUKIG )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G /GFCKNNG YWTFG CO 1MVQDGT XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + IGUVKHVGV /KV 5VKHVWPI FGU 'JTGP\GKEJGPU ō(ÒT FGP #PURQTP \WT /GPUEJNKEJMGKVŋ KO ,CJT YWTFG UKG FKGUGO CHHKNKKGTV
96
BULGARIEN
8386
8385
8386
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT FKG 4GVVWPI XQP /GPUEJGPNGDGPŋ =Ìåäàë „Çà Ñïàñÿâàíå Ïîãèáàþùè“? /QFGNN
OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT $QTKU +++ $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGK GEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# XCT 2' 5 H 4$ 80 4 ++
0CEJ 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV <CT $QTKU +++ \GKIVG UKG FGUUGP 2QTVTCKV /QFGNN 9·JTGPF FGT UQIGP ō8QNMUHTQPV TGIKGTWPIŋ YWTFG FKG DKUJGTKIG 4ÒEMUGKVG CP 5VGNNG FGU DKUJGTKIGP <CTGPRQTVTCKVU \WT 8QTFGTUGKVG /QFGNN 0CEJ #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM CO 5GRVGODGT YWTFG FKG DKUJGTKIG <CTGPMTQPG FWTEJ GKPGP UVKNKUKGTVGP JTGP MTCP\ GTUGV\V /QFGNN +O &G\GODGT YWTFG FKG /GFCKNNG CDIGUEJCHHV
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 9KUUGPUEJCHV WPF -WPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Çà Íàóêà è Èçêóñòâî“? /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVTCKV <CT (GTFKPCPFU + WPF FGT <CTGPMTQPG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 4 ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 YWTFG FKG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + XQP DKU PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP GTJKGNV FKG /GFCKNNG FCU ·NVGTG 2QTVTCKV FGU PWPOGJTKIGP <CTGP (GTFKPCPF WPF CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI FKG DWNICTKUEJG <CTGPMTQPG /QFGNN
8387
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 9KUUGPUEJCHV WPF -WPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Çà Íàóêà è Èçêóñòâî“? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT $QTKU +++ WPF FGT <CTGPMTQPG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHVU\GKV OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT <CTGPMTQPG $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 4 ++
.CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 YWTFG FKG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG XQP <CT $QTKU +++ XQP DKU PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP 0CEJ FGO ÒDGTTCUEJGPFGP 6QF <CT $QTKU +++ CO #WIWUV KUV FKG /GFCKNNG Y·JTGPF FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHV HÒT FGP OKPFGTL·JTKIGP -ÌPKI 5KOGQP DKU \WO 5GRVGODGT PQEJ KP GKPKIGP 'ZGORNCTGP YGKVGTXGTNKGJGP YQTFGP #NNGTFKPIU \GKIGP FKG 'VWKU FKGUGT MWT\GP 2GTKQFG PKEJV OGJT FCU /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ UQPFGTP YKG CNNG 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWKU FKGUGT <GKV PWT FKG <CTGPMTQPG IGIGDGPGPHCNNU OKV $G\GKEJPWPI 9·JTGPF FGT UQIGP ō8QNMUHTQPVTGIKGTWPIŋ UEJGKPV FKG /GFCKNNG PKEJV XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP \W UGKP +P (QNIG FGT #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM CO 5GRVGODGT YWTFG FKG /GFCKNNG KP )QNF CDIGUEJCHHV WPF GKPG 5VWHG KP $TQP\G GKPIGHÒJTV &CU <CTGPRQTVTCKV GPVHKGN WPF FKG DKUJGTKIG 4ÒEMUGKVG MCO PCEJ XQTPG WPF FKG <CTGPMTQPG YWTFG FWTEJ GKPGP UVKNKUKGTVGP JTGPMTCP\ GTUGV\V /QFGNN &WTEJ GKP &GMTGV FGT 8QNMUXGTUCOONWPI XQO &G\GODGT YWTFG FKG /GFCKNNG CDIGUEJCHHV
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 9KUUGPUEJCHV WPF -WPUVŋ =Ìåäàë „Çà Íàóêà è Èçêóñòâî“? .GGTGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK HÒT FKG /GFCKNNG CWU FGT <GKV FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHV HÒT -ÌPKI 5KOGQP \YKUEJGP FGO #WIWUV WPF FGO 5GRVGODGT 4 ++
97
BULGARIEN
8389
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT NCPIGP &KGPUV KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ =Ñíàê „Çà Ïðîñëóæåíè Ãîäèíè â Áúëãàðñêàòà Âîéñêà“? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCO (GTFKPCPFU + 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT :: &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 1HHK\KGTG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV OKP #DURNKVVGTWPIGP KP FGT ITÒPGP 'OCKNNG FGU .QTDGGTMTCP\GU CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
(ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + UVKHVGVG OKV 7MCU 0T XQO #WIWUV FKG \YGKUVWHKIG KP 5KNDGT HÒT 1HHK\KGTG WPF KP $TQP\G HÒT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG #WU\GKEJPWPI HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGG FKG CO 6CI FGT 5VKHVWPI \WO GTUVGP OCN XGTNKGJGP YWTFG YWTFG FKG &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT 1HHK\KGTG HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG GKPIGHÒJTV
8390
8391
8394
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT NCPIGP &KGPUV KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ =Ñíàê „Çà Ïðîñëóæåíè Ãîäèíè â Áúëãàðñêàòà Âîéñêà“? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCO (GTFKPCPFU + 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT :: &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 1HHK\KGTG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGEJKR CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FGU TGEJVGP -TGW\CTOU CO CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV FGO HÒTUVNKEJGP /QPQ ITCOO (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPFU + $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT NCPIGP &KGPUV KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ =Ñíàê „Çà Ïðîñëóæåíè Ãîäèíè â Áúëãàðñêàòà Âîéñêà“? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCO (GTFKPCPFU + 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT : &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 1HHK\KGTG 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT NCPIGP &KGPUV KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ =Ñíàê „Çà Ïðîñëóæåíè Ãîäèíè â Áúëãàðñêàòà Âîéñêà“? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCO (GTFKPCPFU + 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT : &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 1HHK\KGTG 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT NCPIGP &KGPUV KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ =Ñíàê „Çà Ïðîñëóæåíè Ãîäèíè â Áúëãàðñêàòà Âîéñêà“? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCO (GTFKPCPFU + 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT : &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT NCPIGP &KGPUV KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ =Ñíàê „Çà Ïðîñëóæåíè Ãîäèíè â Áúëãàðñêàòà Âîéñêà“? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT :: &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 1HHK\KGTG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
0CEJ 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV <CT $QTKU +++ KO ,CJT YWTFG FGUUGP /QPQITCOO CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG CP 5VGNNG FGU DKUJGTKIGP /QPQITCOOU (GTFKPCPFU + CPIGDTCEJV WPF DGK FGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG GPVHKGN FGT 5CEJUGPUEJKNF CWH FGT $TWUV FGU DWNICTKUEJGP .ÌYGP /QFGNN CWU #PNC UGKPGU \GJPL·JTKIGP 6JTQPLWDKN· WOU GTJKGNV <CT $QTKU +++ XQP FGT DWNICTKUEJGP #TOGG GKPG DGUQPFGTG &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI KP (QTO GKPGU CEJVUVTCJ NKIGP $TWUVUVGTPU GDGPUQ CWU #PNC UGKPGU \YCP\KIL·JTKIGP 6JTQPLWDKN·WOU YWTFG GKPG &KGPUVCWU\GKEJ PWPI HÒT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG HÒT ,CJTG GKPIGHÒJTV PCEJ FGT /CEJVÒDGTPCJOG FGT UQIGP ō8QNMUHTQPVTGIKGTWPIŋ DGJKGNV FKG #WU\GKEJPWPI KJT #WUUGJGP DGK PWT FCU $CPF YWTFG FWTEJ FCU $CPF FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ GTUGV\V 0CEJFGO CO 5GRVGODGT FKG 4GRWDNKM CWUIGTWHGP YQTFGP YCT YWTFG FCU /QPQITCOO CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FWTEJ FGP WPIGMTÌPVGP DWNICTKUEJGP .ÌYGP GTUGV\V WPF FCU 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP \GKIVG FKG #P\CJN FGT &KGPUVLCJTG ō:ŋ QFGT ō::ŋ ,CJTG /KVVG YWTFG FKG #WU\GKEJPWPI ō(ÒT .CPIGP &KGPUV KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ FWTEJ $GUEJNW FGU /KPKUVGTTCVGU CDIGUEJCHHV
98
BULGARIEN
8400 8396
8398
8402 8401
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT NCPIGP &KGPUV KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ =Ñíàê „Çà Ïðîñëóæåíè Ãîäèíè â Áúëãàðñêàòà Âîéñêà“? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT : &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 1HHK\KGTG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT NCPIGP &KGPUV KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ =Ñíàê „Çà Ïðîñëóæåíè Ãîäèíè â Áúëãàðñêàòà Âîéñêà“? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT :: &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 4 ++
YWTFG FKG &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG HÒT ,CJTG GKPIGHÒJTV
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō(ÒT NCPIGP &KGPUV KP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP #TOGGŋ =Ñíàê „Çà Ïðîñëóæåíè Ãîäèíè â Áúëãàðñêàòà Âîéñêà“? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT : &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō4QVGU -TGW\ŋ =ÏQ÷Gòíè ÇíCê „×GïâGí KðúEò“? /QFGNN \YGKMNCUUKI OKV TQVGO -TGW\ CWH YGKGO )TWPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP + -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI HÒT *GTTGP $TQP\G XGTIQN FGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $9- &' 2' 5 HH 4$ # 6# ++
)GUVKHVGV XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + OKV HÒTUVNKEJGO 4GUMTKRV XQO #RTKN /QFGNN CNU #WU\GKEJPWPI HÒT 8GTYWPFGVGPJKNHG KO -TKGI NKG GU (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + PGW IGUVCNVGP /QFGNN #O #RTKN YWTFG FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP VKGHITGKHGPF XGT·PFGTV /QFGNN 8QP FKGUGO <GKVRWPMV MQPPVG GU CWEJ HÒT 4QV -TGW\ #MVKXKV·VGP KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP &CU 'JTGP\GKEJGP PWPOGJT CNU 'JTGP\GKEJGP + -NCUUG GTJKGNV GKPG PGWG )GUVCNVWPI WPF GKP 'JTGP\GKEJGP ++ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI YWTFG IGUVKHVGV <W GKPGO DKUJGT WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV YQJN Y·JTGPF FGT 4GIKGTWPI <CT $QTKU +++ GTJKGNV FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP ++ -NCUUG UVCVV FGT DKUJGTKIGP JGTCNFKUEJGP -ÌPKIUMTQPG FKG UQIGPCPPVG ōGEMKIG <CTGPMTQPGŋ KUV GKPG UQNEJG 8GT·PFGTWPI CWEJ HÒT FKG + -NCUUG RTQLGMVKGTV YQTFGP YCU CDGT PKG \WT #WUHÒJTWPI IGMQOOGP KUV &CU 'JTGP\GKEJGP YWTFG DKU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG XGTNKGJGP (TCWGP VTWIGP FKG +PUKIPKGP OKV GKPGT $CPFUEJNGKHG /·PPGT CNU 5VGEMFGMQTC VKQP
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō4QVGU -TGW\ŋ =ÏQ÷Gòíè ÇíCê „×GïâGí KðúEò“? /QFGNN \YGKMNCUUKI OKV TQVGO -TGW\ CWH YGKGO )TWPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP + -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI HÒT *GTTGP $TQP\G XGTIQN FGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $9- &' 2' 5 HH 4$ # 6# ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō4QVGU -TGW\ŋ =ÏQ÷Gòíè ÇíCê „×GïâGí KðúEò“? /QFGNN \YGKMNCUUKI OKV TQVGO -TGW\ CWH YGKGO )TWPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP ++ -NCUUG #WUICDG OKV IGHÒVVGTVGT JGTCNFK UEJGT -TQPG ! #WUHÒJTWPI HÒT *GTTGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $9- &' NK -ª 2' 5 HH 4$ XCT ++
#WU\GKEJPWPI ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUVG ņ 4QVGU -TGW\ŋ =HCãðCäGí ÇíCê „ÇC ÇCEë[ãC - ×GïâGí KðúEò“? -TGW\ + -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' TG 4 ++
)GUVKHVGV XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + KP FTGK -NCUUGP + ņ +++ -NCUUG WPF DKU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG KP $WNICTKGP XGTNKGJGP
/GFCKNNG ō4QVGU -TGW\ŋ =MGäCë „×GïâGí KðúEò“? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ WPF QJPG 'OCKNNG CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 # ++
)GUVKHVGV XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + OKV 7MCU 0T XQO (GDTWCT KP \YGK -NCUUGP 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G PCJO <CT $QTKU GKPKIG 8GT·PFGTWPIGP XQT UKG XGTHÒIVG PWPOGJT ÒDGT GKPG )QNF WPF GKPG 5KNDGTMNCUUG CWH FGT 8QT FGTUGKVG GPVHKGN FKG ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ WPF FCU /KVVGNOGFCKNNQP YCT LGV\V GOCKNNKGTV
99
BULGARIEN
8404
8403
8405
'JTGP\GKEJGP ō<CTKP 'NGQPQTGŋ =ÏQ÷Gòíè ÇíCê „ÖCðèíà Åëåîíîðà“? /QFGNN OKV FGP ,CJTGU \CJNGP #WUHÒJTWPI HÒT *GTTGP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV CO PGWGP $CPF $9- &' 4$ ++
&CU GKPMNCUUKIG 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU 4QVG -TGW\ Y·JTGPF FGT $CNMCPMTKGIG YWTFG XQP <CT (GTFK PCPF + CO #WIWUV IGUVKHVGV /QFGNN 0CEJ 'KPVTKVV $WNICTKGPU KP FGP 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI YWTFG FCU 'JTGP \GKEJGP XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF GTPGWGTV WPF DKU XGTNKGJGP /QFGNN
-TGW\ HÒT -TKGIUJKNHUFKGPUVG FGU $WNICTKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU #WUHÒJTWPI OKV -TQPG WPF HÒT &COGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $9- XCT 4$ ++
&CU -TGW\ YWTFG XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + IGUVKHVGV WPF DKU XGTNKGJGP
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 2TKP\GUUKP 'WFQZKC HÒT FCU $WNICTKUEJG 4QVG -TGW\ 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ō6*ŋ GKPGT FGWVUEJGP (KTOC WPF ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ QJPG $CPF $'< ++
8406 8407
7PDGMCPPVGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP (ÒT RJKNCPVJTQRKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG 5VGEMMTGW\ Z OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC , )QFGV 5QJP KP $GTNKP CP 0CFGN 444 ++
6TQV\ KPVGPUKXGT (QTUEJWPIUDGOÒJWPIGP YCTGP P·JGTG +PHQTOCVKQPGP ÒDGT FKGUGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP PKEJV \W GTJCNVGP &GT <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGO -ÌPKITGKEJ $WNICTKGP KUV VTQV\ FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJURTCEJKIGP /GFCKNNQPKPUEJTKHV FWTEJ FKG GKPFGWVKI KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG UQIGP ōGEMKIGŋ <CTGPMTQPG IGIGDGP #WHITWPF FGT SWCNKVCVKX JQEJYGTVKIGP #PHGTVKIWPIU SWCNKV·V FGT QDGTG -TGW\CTO OKV FGT -TQPG KUV CWU GKPGO 5VÒEM IGHGTVKIV JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK MGKPGUHCNNU WO GKPG CWU 6GKNGP XGTUEJKGFGPGT *GTMWPHV \WUCOOGPIGHÒIVGP ō$CUVGNCTDGKVŋ
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō(ÒT FKG 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV $WNICTKGPU ŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „ÇC *GçCâèEèìQEòòC ÁúëãCðèC 1908 ãQäèíC“? #WUHÒJTWPI OKV JQTK\QPVCNGP -TQPGP CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 ++ 7PVGT #WUPWV\WPI XQP /CEJVM·ORHGP \YKUEJGP FGP GWTQR·KUEJGP )TQO·EJVGP IGNCPI GU (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + OKV VCVMT·HVKIGT 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI 4WNCPFU CO 5GRVGODGT KP FGT OKVVGNCNVGTNKEJGP DWNICTKUEJGP *CWRVUVCFV 9GNKMQ 6CTPQXQ FKG XQNNUV·PFKIG 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV UGKPGU .CPFGU XQO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ \W RTQMNCOKGTGP WPF UKEJ UGNDUV \WO -ÌPKI ō<CTŋ \W -TÌPGP YQFWTEJ $WNICTKGP \WO -ÌPKITGKEJ YWTFG &KG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT FKGUGP #PNC KP (QTO GKPGU -TGW\GU YWTFG KP FGT GTUVGP ,CJTGUJ·NHVG XQP FGT :+8 8QNMUXGTUCOONWPI IGUVKHVGV WPF CP 8GVGTCPGP 1HHK\KGTG WPF $GCOVG FKG DGK FGP (GKGTNKEJMGKVGP CPYGUGPF IGYGUGP YCTGP XGTNKGJGP 5KG YCT XQP FGT (KTOC 2CWN 6GNIG KP $GTNKP JGTIGUVGNNV YQTFGP
100
BULGARIEN
8408
8409
,WDKN·WOUOGFCKNNG ō ,CJTG 4GIKGTWPI XQP (GTFKPCPF + ŋ =ÞáèëGGí Ìåäàë „25 ÃQäèíè ÖCð[âCíG íC ÔGðäèíCíä +“? )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT ō/#45%*#.. ('% ŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- &' 2# 2' 5 H 4$ 80 44 ++ .CWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 YWTFG FKG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP DGIKPI (GTFKPCPF UGKP L·JTKIGU 6JTQPLWDKN·WO #WU FKGUGO #PNC UVKHVGVG GT OKV 7MCU XQO #WIWUV FKGUG /GFCKNNG 5KG YWTFG XQP 4WFQNH /CTUEJCNN GPVYQTHGP KP 9KGP JGTIGUVGNNV WPF XQO <CTGP RGTUÌPNKEJ CP 2GTUQ PGP UGKPGU FKTGMVGP 7OHGNFGU CP /KPKUVGT )GPGT·NG WPF 1HHK\KGTG CWEJ PCEJ UGKPGT #DFCPMWPI XGTNKGJGP
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō+P &KGUGO <GKEJGP YGTFGV +JT UKGIGPŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „% òQçè %èìáQë ùG ïQáGäèø"? $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG FWPMNG $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- 2# 4$ XCT ++
DKNFGVGP $WNICTKGP WPF 5GTDKGP WPVGT FGO 2CVTQPCV 4WUUNCPFU FGP $CNMCPDWPF FGO UKEJ PQEJ KO INGKEJGP ,CJT CWEJ )TKGEJGPNCPF WPF /QPVGPGITQ CPUEJNQUUGP &COKV TKEJVGVG UKEJ FGT $WPF PKEJV OGJT PWT IGIGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 7PICTP UQPFGTP CWEJ IGIGP FCU 1UOCPKUEJG 4GKEJ <KGN FGU $WPFGU YCT FKG $GHTGKWPI FGU $CNMCPU UQYQJN XQP FGP 6ÒTMGP CNU CWEJ FKG <WTÒEMFT·PIWPI FGT ¤UVGTTGKEJGT #O 1MVQDGT GTMN·TVG /QPVGPGITQ FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ FGP -TKGI YQTCWH FKGUGU CO $WNICTKGP FGP -TKGI GTMN·TVG #O 1MVQDGT GTMN·TVGP $WNICTKGP )TKG EJGPNCPF WPF 5GTDKGP IGOGKPUCO FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ FGP -TKGI &KG CO 1MVQDGT FWTEJ FCU 1UOCPK UEJG 4GKEJ GTHQNIVG -TKGIUGTMN·TWPI CP $WNICTKGP YWTFG XQP FGP 8ÌNMGTP FGU $CNMCPU CNU KUNCOKUEJGT #PITKHH IGIGP FKG EJTKUVNKEJ QTVJQFQZGP 8ÌNMGT XGTUVCPFGP FGT CWEJ KO 0COGP FGT EJTKUVNKEJGP 4GNKIKQP \W DGIGIPGP YCT <WO #PURQTP FKGUGU )GFCPMGPU YWTFG FKGUG /GFCKNNG CWUIGIGDGP FKG KP $TQP\G XGTNKGJGP YWTFG 0WT <CT (GTFKPCPF GTJKGNV GKP 'ZGORNCT KP )QNF
8413 8410
8411
8412
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō(ÒT FGP -TKGI FGU DGHTGWPFGVGP $CNMCPU HÒT FKG (TGKJGKV XQP /C\GFQPKGPŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „ÇC $QéíCòC íC $CëêCíêèòG ÄúðæCâè çC %âQáQäCòC íC /CêGäQíèCC"?ŋ 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO PGWGP $CPF &' 2# ++p+++
#NU -TKGIU\KGN FGHKPKGTVGP FKG XKGT 5VCCVGP FGU $CNMCPDWPFGU $WNICTKGP )TKGEJGPNCPF /QPVGPGITQ WPF 5GTDKGP FKG $GHTGKWPI /C\GFQPKGPU XQP FGT QUOCPKUEJGP *GTTUEJCHV WPF FKG #WHVGKNWPI FGU )GDKGVGU WPVGT UKEJ YQTCWH FKGUG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG JKPYGKUV /KV FGO 9CHHGPUVKNNUVCPF \YKUEJGP FGP -TKGIUVGKNPGJOGTP XQO /CK FGO CO /CK FGT 8GTVTCI XQP .QPFQP HQNIVG HCPF FGT 'TUVG $CNMCPMTKGI UGKP 'PFG
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō-QOOCPFGWTG KO $CNMCP -TKGIŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „ÏúëêQâQäöè Qò ÁCëêCíêCòC $QéíC"?
'KPG )GFGPMOGFCKNNG CWH <CT (GTFKPCPF + WPF UGKPG $GHGJNUJCDGT Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP $CNMCPMTKGIGU FKG )GPGT·NG 5CXQX (KEJGX &KOKVTKGX +XCPQX -QXCEJGX 6QFQTQX WPF -WVKPEJGX
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō0GWPVG &KXKUKQPŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „ÄGâGòC Äèâèçèÿ"? #NWOKPKWO CO PGWGP $CPF 2# ++p
&KG DWNICTKUEJG &KXKUKQP GT\KGNVG Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU ITQG OKNKV·TKUEJG 'THQNIG YQHÒT FKGUG /G FCKNNG CWUIGIGDGP YWTFG
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CWH FKG #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ -CVJGFTCNG KP 5QHKC &CVKGTV ++ WPF +: -QPXQNWV XQP FTGK /GFCKNNGP -NGKPG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV QJPG $CPF -NGKPG $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G QJPG $CPF )TQG PKEJV VTCIDCTG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG $TQP\G &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5VÒEM ++
&GT )TWPFUVGKP \WT #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ -CVJGFTCNG YWTFG IGNGIV 5KG YWTFG KP 'TKPPGTWPI CP <CT #NGZCPFGT ++ XQP 4WNCPF WPF CP FKG HÒT FKG $GHTGKWPI $WNICTKGPU XQO QUOCPKUEJGP ,QEJ IGHCNNGPGP TWUUKUEJGP 5QNFCVGP \W 'JTGP FGU TWUUKUEJGP 0CVKQPCNJGNFGP WPF ņJGKNKIGP )TQHÒTUV 5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ EC DGPCPPV &GT $CW YWTFG KO 9GUGPVNKEJGP \YKUEJGP WPF CWUIGHÒJTV 5KG KUV 5KV\ FGU 2CVTKCTEJGP XQP 5QHKC FGU 1DGTJCWRVU FGT $WNICTKUEJ 1TVJQFQZGP -KTEJG WPF 9CJT\GKEJGP FGT DWNICTKUEJGP *CWRVUVCFV
101
BULGARIEN
8414
8420 8419
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG ō<WT 8GTGJGNKEJWPI XQP <CT $QTKU +++ WPF 2TKP\GUUKP ,QJCPPCŋ =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë „ÇC ÁðCêQEú÷GòCíèGòQ íC ÖCð ÁQðèE +++ è ÏðèíöGEa ÉQCííC"? )QNFGPG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV QJPG $CPF &' 4$ ++
#O 1MVQDGT JGKTCVGVG <CT $QTKU +++ XQP $WNICTKGP KP #UUKUK 2TKP\GUUKP )KQXCPPC XQP +VCNKGP
6QEJVGT -ÌPKI 8KMVQT 'OCPWGNU +++ XQP +VCNKGP &KG *QEJ\GKV YCT XQO UGKPGT\GKVKIGP #RQUVQNKUEJGP 8KUKVCVQT KP $WNICTKGP #PIGNQ 4QPECNNK FGO UR·VGTGP 2CRUV ,QJCPPGU ::+++ XGTOKVVGNV YQTFGP 5KG JCVVGP \YGK -KPFGT -TQPRTKP\ 5KOGQP WPF 2TKP\GUUKP /CTKG .QWKUG #WU #PNC FGT *QEJ\GKV YWTFG FKG /GFCKNNG CWUIGIGDGP
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT FKG -TKGIG WPF =Âúçïîìåíàòåëåí Ìåäàë çC $QéíèòG 1912-1913 ã. è 1915-1918 ã.? -QPXQNWV XQP FTGK 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNGP HÒT FKG -TKGIG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CP FGP QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUD·PFGTP HÒT /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIG <KXKNKUVGP WPF *KPVGTDNKG DGPG LGYGKNU OKV /KPKCVWTOGFCKNNGP GDGPHCNNU CP FGP &TGKGEMUD·PFEJGP HÒT /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIG <KXKNKUVGP WPF *KPVGTDNKGDGPG WPF FTGK 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNGP HÒT FGP -TKGI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CP FGP QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUD·PFGTP HÒT /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIG <KXKNKUVGP WPF *KPVGTDNKGDGPG FC\W GKPG /KPKCVWTOG FCKNNG CO &TGKGEMUD·PFEJGP HÒT /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIG $9- &' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ $ 80 5VÒEM ++
0CEJFGO UQYQJN FKG DGKFGP $CNMCPMTKGIG WPF YKG CWEJ FGT 'TUVG 9GNVMTKGI XQP $WNICTKGP XGTNQTGP YWTFGP YWTFG MGKPG -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNGP IGUVKHVGV WPF CWUIGIGDGP <CT $QTKU +++ UVKHVGVG DGKFG /GFCKNNGP \WUCOOGP GTUV OKV 7MCU 0T XQO &G\GODGT &KG /GFCKNNG ō(ÒT FGP -TKGI ŋ YWTFG CP FKG DWNICTKUEJGP 6GKNPGJOGT FGU 'TUVGP WPF <YGKVGP $CNMCPMTKGIGU FKG /GFCKNNG ō(ÒT FGP -TKGI ŋ CP CNNG -TKGIUVGKNPGJOGT $WNICTKGPU WPF FGT XGTDÒPFGVGP /·EJVG XGTNKGJGP FKG Y·JTGPF FGU -TKGIGU CWH FGO DWNICTKUEJGP -TKGIUUEJCWRNCV\ GKPIGUGV\V YCTGP /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIG GTJKGNVGP GTUVGTG CP GKPGO ITÒPGP &TGKGEMUDTCPF OKV YGK TQV YGKGP 4CPFUVTGKHGP WPF NGV\VGTG CP GKPGO TQVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV UEJOCNGP YGK ITÒP YGKGP 4CPFUVTGKHGP <KXKNK UVGP CO LGYGKNU INGKEJGP $CPF OKV GKPGO \WU·V\NKEJGP YGKGP /KVVGNUVTGKHGP WPF *KPVGTDNKGDGPG CO LGYGKNU INGKEJGP $CPF OKV GKPGO \WU·V\NKEJGP UEJYCT\GP /KVVGNUVTGKHGP &KG /GFCKNNGP YWTFGP XQP OGJTGTGP (KTOGP JGTIGUVGNNV UQ W C XQP )GDTÒFGT )NQGTHGNF WPF XQP 5VGKPJCWGT .ÒEM DGKFG KP .ÒFGPUEJGKF 1VVQ 5EJKEMNG KP 2HQT\JGKO *WIW GPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\ WPF $GFL -GTGUVGFLKGX KP 5QHKC .CWV 2CXNQX KP 2# 5 YCTGP FKG KP &GWVUEJNCPF JGTIGUVGNNVGP 'ZGORNCTG WO FKG OO FKEM FKG KP FGT 5EJYGK\ IGHGTVKIVGP LGFQEJ OO FKEM &KG 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGT /GFCKNNGP YWTFGP \WO &G\GODGT CDIGUEJNQUUGP
-QPXQNWV XQP VTCIDCTGP WPF PKEJV VTCIDCTGP /GFCKNNGP #WU (ÒTUVGPVWO <CTGPVWO 8QNMUTGRW DNKM WPF 'ZKN KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP WPF OKV WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP &WTEJOGUUGTP KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VNY CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++ +++ +8
-QPXQNWV 1TFGPUD·PFGT XQP DWNICTKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP &CTWPVGT GKP MQPXGMTKQPKGTVGU *CNUDCPF &TGKGEMUD·PFGT WPF $CPFCDUEJPKVVG KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP .·PIGP KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP FTGK DWNICTKUEJGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP &C\W HÒPH NGGTG PKEJV DWNICTKUEJG 'VWKU
5VÒEM ++
$7.)#4+5%*' 81.-5(41064')+'470)
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV UGEJU\CEMKIGO 5VGTP OKV \YGK .K PKGP CWH FGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG .ÌYG OKV -TQPG -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV MNGKPGO .ÌYGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $- $ $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- ++
#O 5GRVGODGT KP (QNIG FGU 'KPOCTUEJGU FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP ÒDGTPCJO GKPG UQIGPCPPVG ō8QNMUHTQPVTGIKGTWPIŋ FKG /CEJV WPF GPVOCEJVGVG HCMVKUEJ FGP HÒT FGP OKPFGTL·JTKIGP -ÌPKI 5KOGQP UGKV TGIKGTGPFGP 4GIGPV UEJCHVUTCV YQTCWH CWEJ FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU XGT·PFGTV YWTFGP KPFGO FKG ,CJTGU\CJN ō ŋ CWH FGO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP FWTEJ GKPGP UGEJU\CEMKIGP 5VGTP DGKFUGKVKI DGINGKVGV XQP \YGK 5VTKEJGP GTUGV\V YWTFG
/QFGNN 0CEJFGO CO 5GRVGODGT KP GKPGT 8QNMUCDUVKOOWPI FKG /QPCTEJKG CDIGUEJCHHV YQTFGP YCT TKGH )GQTIK &KOKVTQX CO 5GRVGODGT FKG 4GRWDNKM CWU YQTCWH FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU CDGTOCNU IG·PFGTV YWTFGP &GT 5VGTP CWH FGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI YWTFG HÒPH\CEMKI FKG CWH FGO -QRH FGU 9CRRGP .ÌYGP UKV\GPFG -TQPG YWTFG GPVHGTPV WPF FKG -TQPGP ªDGTJÌJWPI FWTEJ GKPGP UVKNKUKGTVGP JTGPMTCP\ GTUGV\V /QFGNN &KG NGV\VGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGU 1TFGPU GTHQNIVGP 2CXNQX 2# 5 \WHQNIG CO /·T\
102
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV UGEJU\CEMKIGO 5VGTP OKV \YGK .K PKGP CWH FGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG .ÌYG OKV -TQPG -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5VWHG QJPG 5EJYGTVGT $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 44 ++
BULGARIEN
1TFGP ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŌ =Îðäåí „Çà Õðàáðîñò“? /QFGNN OKV UGEJU\CEMKIGO 5VGTP OKV \YGK .K PKGP CWH FGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG .ÌYG OKV -TQPG NGGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUVÒVG \WO 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ ō(ÒT 6CRHGTMGKVŋ -NCUUG OKV WPIGMTÌPVGO DWNICTKUEJGP .ÌYGP OKV GKPIGTKUUGPGT .CUEJG 44 ++p+++
8422 1:1
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN .ÌYG FGU 5VGTPU FGT -NCUUG WPF FGT -NCUUG QJPG 5CEJUGPUEJKNF 5GV FGT ++ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO MWT\GP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU DGUEJTKGDGPGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV CNV CWHIGMNGDVGO WPIG MTÌPVGP DWNICTKUEJGP .ÌYGP WPF IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP $- $9- &' -.' 2# 2' 5 HH 4$ 80 <- 5VÒEM 44 ++ #O 5GRVGODGT KP (QNIG FGU 'KPOCTUEJGU FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP ÒDGTPCJO GKPG UQIGPCPPVG ō8QNMUHTQPV TGIKGTWPIŋ FKG /CEJV WPF GPVOCEJVGVG HCMVKUEJ FGP HÒT FGP OKPFGTL·JTKIGP -ÌPKI 5KOGQP UGKV TGIKGTGPFGP 4GIGPVUEJCHVUTCV $KU CWH FKG 'PVHGTPWPI FGU 5CEJUGPUEJKNFGU CWH FGT $TWUV FGU 9CRRGP .ÌYGP FGU $TWUVUVGTPU FGT + WPF FGU -TGW\GU FGT +++ -NCUUG GTHQNIVGP MGKPG YGKVGTGP 8GT·PFGTWPIGP /QFGNN &KG &GEMGN FGT 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWKU YWTFGP LGFQEJ PGW IGUVCNVGV 0CEJFGO CO 5GRVGODGT KP GKPGT 8QNMUCDUVKOOWPI FKG /QPCTEJKG CDIGUEJCHHV YQTFGP YCT TKGH )GQTIK &KOKVTQX CO 5GRVGODGT FKG 4GRWDNKM CWU YQTCWH FGT 0COG FGU 1TFGPU 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ WPF FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU IG·PFGTV YWTFGP &KG CWH FGO -QRH FGU 9CRRGP .ÌYGP GKPKIGT +PUKIPKGP UKV\GPFG -TQPG YWTFG GPVHGTPV WPF FKG -TQPGP ªDGTJÌJWPI FWTEJ GKPGP UVKNKUKGTVGP JTGPMTCP\ GTUGV\V /QFGNN &KGUGU /QFGNN XGTHÒIVG OWVOCNKEJ YGFGT ÒDGT GKPG )TQOGKUVGTMQNNCPG PQEJ ÒDGT GKPG UQIGP ō-NGKPG -QNNCPGŋ &KG NGV\VGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGU 1TFGPU GTHQNIVGP 2CXNQX 2# 5 \WHQNIG CO ,WPK #O ,WPK KUV FGT 1TFGP RGT 7MCU FGU /KPKUVGTTCVGU CDIGUEJCHHV YQTFGP #NNGTFKPIU YKTF GT XQP 5KOGQP FGO NGV\VGP -ÌPKI XQP $WNICTKGP DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV CNU *CWUQTFGP YGKVGT XGTNKGJGP &GUUGP +PUKIPKGP \GKIGP PWPOGJT IGPGTGNN FGP IGMTÌPVGP DWNICTKUEJGP .ÌYGP /QFGNN
1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGTŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð“? D\Y 1TFGP ō5V #NGZCPFGT 0GYUM[ŋ =Îðäåí „Ñâ. Àëåêñàíäúð Íåâñêèé“? /QFGNN .ÌYG FGU 5VGTPU FGT -NCUUG WPF FGT -NCUUG QJPG 5CEJUGPUEJKNF NGGTGU 'VWK \WO -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ OKV CNV CWHIGMNGDVGO WPIGMTÌPVGP DWNICTKUEJGP .ÌYGP GVYCU DGUVQGP ++
103
BULGARIEN
8424
8425
8426
8427
8428
$7.)#4+5%*' #$<'+%*'0
'JTGP\GKEJGP (ÒT FKG 4GVVWPI GKPGT (CJPG =*CãðCäGí ÇíCê „ÇC %ïCEÿâíG íC ÇíCìG“? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF $TQP\G CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT ō:8++ŋ CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG $9- &' 2# 2' 5 H 44 ++
8QO 1TFGPUTCV FGU -TKGIUOKPKUVGTKWOU CO ,WNK XQTIGUEJNCIGP YWTFG UGKPG 5VKHVWPI CO /·T\ XQO DWNICTKUEJGP -TKGIUOKPKUVGT DGHQJNGP YWTFGP 'ZGORNCTG KP ¤UVGTTGKEJ JGTIGUVGNNV XQP FGPGP NCWV 2GVTQX KP 2' 5 KPUIGUCOV CNUQ CWEJ KO <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI PWT GVYCU OGJT CNU \WT 8GTNGKJWPI MCOGP YWTFG FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP CDIGUEJCHHV
#D\GKEJGP HÒT #WUIG\GKEJPGVGP /KNKV·TFKGPUV /QFGNN ! #D\GKEJGP -NCUUG HÒT )GPG T·NG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5VTCEJKN /KNQUEJGY KP 5QHKC CP 0CFGN $9- 2'< ++
&CU FTGKMNCUUKIG #D\GKEJGP YWTFG KP FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV XQP <CT $QTKU +++ GKPIGHÒJTV
#D\GKEJGP HÒT #WUIG\GKEJPGVGP /KNKV·TFKGPUV /QFGNN ! #D\GKEJGP -NCUUG HÒT 1HHK \KGTG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5VTCEJKN /KNQUEJGY KP 5QHKC CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG FKGU GDGPHCNNU OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI $9- 2'< ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT #WUIG\GKEJPGVGP /KNKV·TFKGPUV /QFGNN ! #D\GKEJGP -NCUUG HÒT 7PVGTQHHK \KGTG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV GOCKNNKGTVGO (GNF $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJ PWPI FGT (KTOC 5VTCEJKN /KNQUEJGY KP 5QHKC CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG FKGUG GDGPHCNNU OKV *GT UVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI $9- 2'< ++
8GTYWPFGVGP D\Y 6TCWGT #D\GKEJGP /QFGNN ! #D\GKEJGP HÒT GKPG 8GTYWPFWPI $TQP\G VNY XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC % /CTFKTQUQY KP 5QHKC CP 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG $9- 2'< ++
8429
8430
8431
8GTYWPFGVGP D\Y 6TCWGT #D\GKEJGP /QFGNN ! 6TCWGT #D\GKEJGP $TQP\G VNY XGTUKN DGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC % /CTFKTQUQY KP 5QHKC CP 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG $9- 2'< ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KNKV·T (NWI\GWIHÒJTGT /QFGNN #D\GKEJGP 5KNDGTIW VNY XGTIQN FGV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ,WPEMGT KP $GTNKP WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G ō ŋ CP 0CFGN $9- %#( $7 2'< 80 44 ++
&CU #D\GKEJGP KUV XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + GKPIGHÒJTV YQTFGP
104
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KNKV·T (NWI\GWIHÒJTGT /QFGNN #D\GKEJGP 5KNDGT VNY $TQP\G VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP #WUDTWEJ UQYKG 4GRCTCVWT KP FGT JGNNDNCWGP 'OCKNNG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5VTCEJKN /KNQUEJGY KP 5QHKC CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG $9- %#( $7 2'< 6# 80 ++p
BULGARIEN
8434 8433
8435
8432
#D\GKEJGP HÒT $GQDCEJVGT /QFGNN #D\GKEJGP KP 0QTOCNCWUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT JQJN IG HGTVKIV WPF XGTDÌFGV OKV \YGK .WHVFTWEM #WUINGKEJU ¤HHPWPIGP CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV 5KNDGTRWP\G ō ŋ $9- %#( $7 2'< 80 ++
&CU #D\GKEJGP KUV XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + GKPIGHÒJTV YQTFGP
#D\GKEJGP HÒT $GQDCEJVGT /QFGNN #D\GKEJGP $TQP\G VNY XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5VTCEJKN /KNQUEJGY KP 5QHKC CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG $9- %#( $7 2'< 80 ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT <KXKNG (NWI\GWIHÒJTGT /QFGNN #D\GKEJGP KP $TQP\G $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN %#( $7 $ 2'< 80 ++
&CU #D\GKEJGP KUV XQP <CT $QTKU +++ GKPIGHÒJTV YQTFGP
5EJCTHUEJÒV\GP #D\GKEJGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + #D\GK EJGP $TQP\GIW \YGKVGKNKI IGHGTVKIV VNY NCEMKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG QJPG 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG $9- XCT 2'< XCT ++
&CU #D\GKEJGP YWTFG XQP (ÒTUV #NGZCPFGT + GKPIGHÒJTV /QFGNN WPF KP FGP ,CJTGP /QFGNN
/QFGNN /QFGNN /QFGNN /QFGNN /QFGNN WPF /QFGNN XGT·PFGTV
8437
8439
8440 8438
8436
5EJCTHUEJÒV\GP #D\GKEJGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + 5KNDGTPGU #D\GKEJGP HÒT )WVG 5EJÒV\GP XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN $9- 2'< ++
5EJCTHUEJÒV\GP #D\GKEJGP /QFGNN FTGKMNCUUKI OKV /QPQITCOO XQP <CT $QTKU +++ #D\GKEJGP + -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG VNY WPNGUGTNKEJG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG $9- 2'< XCT ++
#D\GKEJGP FGT /KNKV·TCMCFGOKG /QFGNN #DUQNXGPVGP #D\GKEJGP FGT /KNKV·TCMCFGOKG 5KNDGT VNY $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV $GHGUVKIWPIUU[UVGO $9- 2'< ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT #TVKNNGTKG +PURGMVQTGP #D\GKEJGP + -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG $9- 2'< ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KNKV·THCJTGT /QFGNN OKV DWNICTKUEJGT 6TKMQNQTG #D\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG 2'< ++
&CU #D\GKEJGP KUV XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + GKPIGHÒJTV /QFGNN WPF /QFGNN WPF /QFGNN XGT·PFGTV YQTFGP
105
BULGARIEN
8441
8442
8443
8444
8445
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KNKV·THCJTGT /QFGNN OKV DWNICTKUEJGT 6TKMQNQTG QJPG -TQPG #D\GK EJGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG 2'< ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT GTHÒNNVG #TDGKVURHNKEJV /QFGNN QF #D\GKEJGP ++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $9- 2'< ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT 2KQPKGTVTWRRGP #D\GKEJGP + -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWD UEJGKDG $9- 2'< ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT 'KUGPDCJP +PIGPKGWTG #D\GKEJGP -NCUUG XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5VTCEJKN /KNQUEJGY KP 5QHKC $9- XCT ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT #DIGQTFPGVG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN 2'<
8446
8447
8448
++
8449
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 2QNK\GK /QFGNN #D\GKEJGP HÒT DGUQPFGTG 6CVGP XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV /WVVGT $9- 2'< ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 2QNK\GK /QFGNN #D\GKEJGP HÒT JGTXQTTCIGPFGP &KGPUV XGTUKN DGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV /WVVGT $9- 2'< ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 2QNK\GK /QFGNN #D\GKEJGP HÒT IWVGP &KGPUV XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV /WVVGT $9- 2'< ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 2QNK\GK /QFGNN #D\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5VTCEJKN /KNQUEJGY KP 5QHKC CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG FKGUG GDGPHCNNU OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI $9- 2'< ++
8450
8451
'TKPPGTWPIU #D\GKEJGP ,CJTG $GHTGKWPI XQP $WNICTKGP =ÏQ÷GòGí -ðúñò „50 ã. îò Îñâîáîæäåíèåòî íà Áúëãàðèÿ“? 8GTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN &' 2'< ++
)WTIWNLCV 'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ &WTEJOGUUGT OO $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEM UGKVG *GTUVGNNGTD\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5VÌIGT KP 9KGP WPF /CVTKMGNPWOOGT ō ŋ CP 0CFGN 2'< ++
-QPXQNWV XQP #D\GKEJGP -QMCTFGP WPF -PÌRHGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VNY GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU CP 0CFGNP QFGT 5RNKPVGP KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGT 'TJCNVWPI 5VÒEM ++ +++ +8
106
KÖNIGREICH DÄNEMARK
-¤0+)4'+%* & 0'/#4-
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP -QPHGMVKQPKGTVGU WPF IGVTCIGPGU ·NVGTGU 5EJWNVGTDCPF \WO )TQMTGW\ GVYCU XGT HNGEMV ++p+++
&GT &CPPGDTQI 1TFGP YWTFG CO 1MVQDGT XQP -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCP 8 XQP &·PGOCTM WPF 0QTYGIGP KP 'TPGWGTWPI GKPGU UEJQP XQP -ÌPKI 9CNFGOCT ++ XQP &·PGOCTM IGUVKHVGVGP 4KVVGTQTGPU GTPGWGTV <WP·EJUV PWT CWU GKPGT -NCUUG DGVGJGPF GTYGKVGTVG KJP -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM 8+ XQP &·PGOCTM WPF 0QTYGIGP
CO ,WPK \W GKPGO CWU XKGT -NCUUGP )TQMQOOCPFGWT CD FKG QDGTUVG -NCUUG )TQ MTGW\ 4KVVGT -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT DGUVGJGPFGP CNNIGOGKPGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP CNU ·WGTGU <GKEJGP CPGTMCPPVGT $ÒTIGTRHNKEJV HÒT CNNG 7PVGTVCPGP QJPG 4ÒEMUKEJV CWH 5VCPF QFGT #FGN 1JO *KGTQP[OWUUGP KP '1 5 YWTFG FKG -QOOCPFGWTMNCUUG FKG 4KVVGTMNCUUG KP LGYGKNU \YGK )TCFG WPVGTVJGKNV &GO 1TFGP KUV UGKV FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU &CPGDTQI 1TFGPU 5KNDGTPGU -TGW\ CPIGUEJNQUUGP WPF PCEJ 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV FGU LGYGKNKIGP 5QWXGT·PU YWTFG FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGT 1TFGPUMTGW\G FWTEJ #PDTKPIWPI FGU LGYGKNKIGP MÌPKINKEJGP /QPQITCOOU XGT·PFGTV
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP .GGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WO )TQMTGW\ FGT (KTOC # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP CWU FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV -ÌPKI (TGFGTKMU +: QFGT -ÌPKIKP /CTICTGVJGU ++ ++
8455
8456
8457
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ QHHK\KGNNG DKU XGTNKGJGPG IGUVKEMVG #WUHÒJ TWPI NGKEJV IGYÌNDV 5KNDGT WPF )QNFNCCP XGTIQNFGVGU 5KNDGT 5VKEMGTTGK 2CKNNGVVGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG YGKGU #DFGEMNGFGT OKV JCPFUEJTKHVNKEJGT #WHUEJTKHV ō*U 'ZEGNNGPEG $T ' .CIGTJGKOŋ 568 <- ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ GKPHCEJG KPQHHK\KGNNG <YGKVCPHGTVKIWPI XQP XQT $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP -QTTQUKQPUHNGEMGP CP UGPMTGEJVGT $GHGUVKIWPIU URCPIG <- XCT ++p
&C DKU FCU )TQMTGW\ FGU &CPGDTQI 1TFGPU OKV GKPGO IGUVKEMVGP $TWUVUVGTP XGTNKGJGP YWTFG YCTGP FKG 6T·IGT IG\YWPIGP WO GKPG IGYKUUG 2TCMVKMCDKNKV·V DGKO 6TCIGP \W JCDGP UKEJ <YGKVCPHGTVKIWPIGP XQP $TWUVUVGT PGP KP /GVCNN \W DGUEJCHHGP YCU FGTGP ITQGP 8CTKCPVGP 4GKEJVWO GTMN·TV
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ QHHK\KGNNG /GVCNNCWUHÒJTWPI UGKV 5KNDGT VNY XGT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV MCWO UKEJVDCTG 'OCKNNGCDURNKVVGTWPI KO QDGTGP 'EM FGU TGEJVGP -TGW\CTOU CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō# /ŋ FGT (KTOC # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP CP &QRRGNPCFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ 568 <- ++
107
KÖNIGREICH DÄNEMARK
8460 8458
8459
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT -NCUUG QHHK\KGNNG DKU XGTNKGJGPG IGUVKEMVG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT WPF )QNFNCCP XGTIQNFGVGU 5KNDGT 5VKEMGTTGK 2CKNNGVVGP GVYCU IGFWPMGNV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG WPNGUGTNKEJ DGUEJTKHVGVGU YGKGU #DFGEMNGFGT 568 <- ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT -NCUUG QHHK\KGNNG DKU XGTNKGJGPG IGUVKEMVG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT WPF )QNFNCCP XGTIQNFGVGU 5KNDGT 5VKEMGTTGK 2CKNNGVVGP GVYCU IGFWPMGNV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG YGKGU #DFGEMNGFGT 568 <- ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT -NCUUG KPQHHK\KGNNG <YGKVCPHGTVKIWPI XQP XQT Z OO 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG MCWO UKEJVDCTG %JKRU KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG CP &QRRGNPCFGN 568 <- 4 ++
8463
8464
8465
8466
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP .GGTGU 'VWK HÒT FGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT -NCUUG FGT (KTOC # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP CWU FGT <GKV PCEJ ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP .GGTGU 'VWK HÒT FGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT -NCUUG FGT (KTOC # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP CWU FGT <GKV PCEJ ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKMU 8++ 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I 8GTH·TDWPIGP WPF -TCV\GT KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG WPF FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP DTGKVGP $CPF 568 <- ++p
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKMU 8++ 5KNDGTPGU -TGW\ 5KNDGT CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 <- 4 ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU +: 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG FGT 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT NKPMGP WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOGEMG $CPFTKPI GVYCU XGTDQIGP OKV UGJT MWT\GO CNVGP $CPFUVÒEM KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGK JWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP 568 <- ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU +: 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I $CPFTKPI RWP\KGTV OKV -QRGPJCIGPGT ,CJTGURWP\G ō ŋ HÒT CO CNVGP PKEJV F·PK UEJGP LGFQEJ MQTTGMVGP $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP 568 <- ++
108
KÖNIGREICH DÄNEMARK
8467
8468
8469
8470
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU +: 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CNVG 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG CWH 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU QDGTGP -TGW\CTOTCPFGU OGJTGTG QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGEJKRU $CPFTKPI RWP\KGTV OKV -QRGPJCIGPGT 5VCFVRWP\G CO CNVGP UGJT MWT\GP $CPF 568 <- 4 ++p+++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU +: 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG WPF FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $CPFTKPI RWP\KGTV OKV -QRGPJCIGPGT ,CJTGURWP\G ō ŋ HÒT CO $CPF 568 <- ++p+++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO 1MVQDGT 0T
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU +: 5KNDGTPGU -TGW\ 5KNDGT CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 <- 4 ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKMU 8+++ 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I $CPFTKPI RWP\KGTV OKV -QRGPJCIGPGT ,CJTGRWP\G ō ŋ HÒT WPF OKV ō%(*ŋ CO CNVGP 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 <- 4 ++
9KG CNNG 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP CWU FGT PWT UGEJU ,CJTG FCWGTPFGP 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV -ÌPKI (TGFGTKMU 8+++ UGJT UGNVGP
8471 1:1
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU : )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVG JGPF CWU -NGKPQF )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU /QPQITCOOU HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJT RWP\GP XQP DKU ō7JWRWP\Gŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUV UVGTP DTKNNCPVKGTVG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō#/ŋ FGT (KTOC # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC /KEJGNUGP OKV UR·VGT GTI·P\VGT WPF GVYCU XGTHNGEMVGT 'KPNCIG 568 <- ++ 109
KÖNIGREICH DÄNEMARK
8473 8472
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU : 5KNDGTPGU -TGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV QHHGPGP -TQPGP \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP 5KNDGT CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 <- 4 ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKMU +: -QOOCPFGWTUUGV -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 4GRCTCVWT KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU $CPFTKPIU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō#/ŋ FGT (KTOC # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP GT 5KNDGTRWP\G WPF ,CJTGRWP\G ō ŋ FGT 5VCFV -QRGPJCIGP HÒT CO *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI XQP DKU 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV #WHNCIGP )QNF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō#/ŋ FGT (KTOC /KEJGNUGP WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G ō56'4.+0) &'0/#4-ŋ CP &QRRGNPCFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC /KEJGNUGP \WUCOOGP OKV FGT QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP DTKVKUEJGP %QOOCPFGT 5KT &WFNG[ %QNNGU &GRWV[ 6TGCUWTGT FGU -ÌPKIU FCVKGTV -QRGPJCIGP CO #WIWUV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 1TFGPUMCP\NGTU 2TKP\ 8KIIQ )TCH XQP 4QUGPDQTI OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV 568 <- 5VÒEM ++
8474
8475
8476
8477
8478
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM +: 4KVVGTMTGW\ UQ IG PCPPV XQP DKU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP 568 XCT <- ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM +: 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG UGKV 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV OKV $CPFCDUEJPKVV KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK 568 <- ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM +: 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG UGKV 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 <- ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM +: 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG UGKV 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 <- ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM +: 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG UGKV 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 <- ++
110
KÖNIGREICH DÄNEMARK
8479 1:1
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKIKP /CTICTGVJGU ++ UGKV -QOOCPFGWTUUGV -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP %JKR KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG CO *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI UGKV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV #WHNCIGP )QNF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō#/ŋ FGT (KTOC # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJC IGP WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G CP &QRRGNPCFGN \WUCOOGP OKV (GNFUEJPCNNG OKV .KV\GP WPF 4QUGVVGP #WHNCIG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC /KEJGNUGP 568 <- 5VÒEM 4 ++
&CPGDTQI 1TFGP -QPXQNWV XQP UKGDGP 1TFGPUD·PFGTP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP $TGKVGP WPF .·PIGP FCTWPVGT CWEJ GKP -QOOCPFGWTDCPF 5VÒEM ++
8482 8481
8484
8485
/GFCKNNG HÒT FGP &GWVUEJ &·PKUEJGP -TKGI XQP $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $CPF 568 ++
(TGKJGKVU /GFCKNNG -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU : 5KNDGT CO $CPF 568 XCT
&KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIU /GFCKNNG FGT /CTKPG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK 568 ++
&KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIU /GFCKNNG FGT /CTKPG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 ++
&KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIU /GFCKNNG FGT /CTKPG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 ++
&KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIU /GFCKNNG FGT /CTKPG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 ++
&KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIU /GFCKNNG FGT /CTKPG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 ++
++
111
REPUBLIK FINNLAND
8488
8489
8491
8490
&KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIU /GFCKNNG FGU *GGTGU #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 ++ &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIU /GFCKNNG FGT <KXKN 8GTVGKFKIWPI 5KNDGT CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF 568 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU &·PKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU HÒT 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK XQP # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP OKV TQVGO -TGW\ 568 ++
)GUEJGPMPCFGN -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU : Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV FKG -TQPG OKV CEJV &KCOCPVTQUGP DGUGV\V CP 0CFGN KO OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT -TQPG DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGU *QHLWGNKGTU /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP +p++
%JTKUVKCP : YCT XQP DKU -ÌPKI XQP &·PGOCTM WPF KUV FGT )TQXCVGT FGT JGWVKIGP /QPCTEJKP /CTICTGVJG ++
4'27$.+- (+00.#0& <WT 5VCCVU 5[ODQNKM FGT 4GRWDNKM (KPPNCPF IGJÌTV PGDGP FGO .ÌYGP KO HKPPKUEJGP 5VCCVUYCRRGP CWEJ GKP CNU ō(TGKJGKVUMTGW\ŋ DG\GKEJPGVGU *CMGPMTGW\ &KGUGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\ YWTFG DGTGKVU Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU \WO 5[ODQN FGT HKPPKUEJGP (TGKJGKVUDGYGIWPI IGIGP FKG \CTKUVKUEJ TWUUKUEJG *GTTUEJCHV WPF JCV UQOKV PKEJVU IGOGKP OKV FGO GTUV UR·VGT GPVUVCPFGPGP 5[ODQN FGU 0CVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUOWU $KU JGWVG KUV GU CWH FGO JÌEJUVGP HKPPKUEJGP 1TFGP FGO 1TFGP FGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\GU \W UGJGP WPF FKGPV \ $ CWEJ CNU 5[ODQN HÒT FGP HKPPKUEJGP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP D\Y FKG 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVKP KP FGUUGP D\Y FGTGP 5VCPFCTVG 5QOKV MCPP CWUFTÒEMNKEJ HGUVIGUVGNNV YGTFGP FCUU FKGUGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\ CNU GKP PKEJV FGO 0CVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUOWU \WIGJÌTKIGU 5[ODQN PKEJV WPVGT FKG $GUVKOOWPIGP FGT hh C #DU D\Y #DU 5V)$ H·NNV
8492 Rv.
8494 8493
1TFGP FGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\GU /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN (TGKJGKVUOGFCKNNG -NCUUG 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OGJTHCEJ UEJYGFKUEJ RWP\KGTV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G 5 %Q YQJN HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT 5RQTTQPI %Q KP 5VQEMJQNO 5VQEMJQNOGT 5VCFVRWP\G CD ,CJTGURWP\G ō3 ŋ HÒT WPF UVCCVNKEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G 5 HÒT 5KNDGT UGKV QJPG $CPF ++
1TFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV JQTK\QPVCN CPIGNÌVGVGT ¤UG UGKV 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō#6ŋ HÒT FKG (KTOC # 6KNNCPFGT KP *GNUKPMK WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G ō *ŋ CO MWT\GP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFDGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 6KNNCPFGT <- ++
1TFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG <GKEJGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV XGTVK MCN CPIGNÌVGVGT ¤UG WPF QJPG 'OCKNNG 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C *GTUVGNNGT RWP\G ō8 .ŋ HÒT 8KMVQT .KPFOCP 5KNDGTRWP\G ō *ŋ WPF ,CJTGURWP\G ō1 ŋ HÒT CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF <- 44 ++
'ZGORNCT CWU FGT GTUVGP (GTVKIWPIUUGTKG 0CEJ #WUMWPHV XQP (TCW &T - 6KNNCPFGT )QFGPJKGNO UVGJV FKG 2WP\G ō8 .ŋ HÒT 8KMVQT .KPFOCP FGP GTUVGP *GTUVGNNGT FGT 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP FGT FKGUG PQEJ XQT 6KNNCPFGT JGTIG UVGNNV JCV 9TGFG IKDV KP 94& 5 HH HÒT FCU ,CJT PWT 8GTNGKJWPIGP CP (KPPGP WPF 8GTNGKJWPIGP CP #WUN·PFGT CP
112
REPUBLIK FINNLAND
8495
8497
8498
8496
1TFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG /GFCKNNG FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG -NCUUG OKV )QNFGPGO -TGW\ 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV KO 4CPF OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C VNY WPNGUGTNKEJG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G 5KNDGTRWP\G ō *ŋ WPF ,CJTGURWP\G ō7 ŋ HÒT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $CPF <- ++
(KPPKUEJGT .ÌYGPQTFGP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV CO *CNUDCPF <- ++
#O 5GRVGODGT UVKHVGVG FGT HKPPKUEJG 2T·UKFGPV 4[UVQ 4[VK FGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP FGO GKP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ WPF FKG CO &G\GODGT IGUVKHVGVG 2TQ (KPNCPFKC /GFCKNNG CPIGUEJNQUUGP KUV (ÒT OKNKV·TKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG KP -TKGIU\GKVGP YKTF FGT 1TFGP OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP
5RQTVNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ (KPPNCPFU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF
++
.WHVYCHHGP -TGW\ )GUEJY·T\V VNY XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF OKV $CPFURCPIG ō.'0 61,17-16ŋ 6'6 6CH 4GKJG ++
8499
8502
8501 8500
(KPPKUEJ &GWVUEJGU 0QTFHTQPV -TGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV UEJYCT\ GOCKNNKGTVGO /GFCKNNQPHGNF XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG -&1 ++
#D\GKEJGP FGT 5EJWNG HÒT 4GUGTXGQHHK\KGTG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ō# $#4%-ŋ ++
$KGT\KRHGN OKV HKPPKUEJGO 9CRRGP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG ITCXKGTV ō4+56+4'6 -'.6# ŋ WPF OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō' 4ŋ 5KNDGTRWP\G ō *ŋ WPF ,CJTGURWP\G ō- ŋ HÒT CO $CPF OKV $CPFURCPIG WPF -CTCDKPGTJCMGP ++
1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP CP &COGPUEJNGKHGP 1TFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG <GKEJGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ,CJTG URWP\G ō2 ŋ HÒT /GFCKNNG ō241 $'0+0)#6' *7/#0#ŋ FGU (KPPKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGU (KPPKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU 5KNDGT 9KPVGTMTKGIU 6GKNPGJOGT /GFCKNNG HÒT CWUN·PFKUEJG (TGKYKNNKIG $TQP\G #P 0CFGNP /KV \WIGJÌTKIGT /KPKCVWTGP UEJPCNNG 5VÒEM 4 ++
&CU <GKEJGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG KUV GKPG UGJT UGNVGP XGTIGDGPG HKPPKUEJG #WU\GKEJPWPI
113
FRANKREICH
ex 8503
-QPXQNWV XQP FTGK HKPPKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP -TGW\ HÒT UEJYGFKUEJG (TGKYKNNKIG KO HKPPKUEJGP 9KPVGTMTKGI $TQP\G IGUEJY·T\V VNY XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGN NGTDGK\G\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5RQTTQPI %Q KP 5VQEMJQNO OKV /CVTKMGNPWOOGT ō ŋ CO $CPF $NCWGU -TGW\ FGT (TGKYKNNKIGP 8GTVGKFKIWPI $TQP\G GOCKNNKGT CO $CPF 9KPVGTMTKGIU 6GKNPGJOGT /GFCKNNG HÒT CWUN·PFKUEJG (TGKYKNNKIG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF OKV $CPFURCPIG ō-'066 #4/'+,#ŋ WPF IGMTGW\VGP 5·DGNP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP HÒPH XGTUEJKGFGPGP HKPPKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT $NCWGU -TGW\ FGT (TGKYKNNK IGP 8GTVGKFKIWPI /GFCKNNG ō241 $'0+0)#6' *7/#0#ŋ FGU (KPPKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU 8GTFKGPUV OGFCKNNG FGU 8GTDCPFGU FGU (TGKYKNNKIGP 8GTVGKFKIWPIU 8GTD·PFG (KPPKUEJG 8GTVGKFKIWPIU /GFCKNNG &C\W 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU 2QNPKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU ,GYGKNU $TQP\G GKPG XGTUKNDGTV \YGK GOCKNNKGTV FTGK OKV TÒEMUGKVKIGO 6T·IGTPCOGP ō% , 2'45510ŋ LGYGKNU CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
8507
8506
8505
(4#0-4'+%*
<9'+6'5 (4#0<¤5+5%*'5 -#+5'44'+%*
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV -CKUGT 0CRQN¾QPU + PCEJ TGEJVU CWH FGO 85 WPF FGO MCKUGTNKEJGP #FNGT OKV -QRH PCEJ NKPMU CWH FGO 45 /GFCKNNQP FKG &GMQ TCVKQP ÒDGTJÌJV XQP GKPGT JGTCNFKUEJGP PCRQNGQPKUEJGP -CKUGTMTQPG OKV #FNGTP -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTC VKQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OGJTGTG $GUEJ·FKIWPIGP CWH 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG CO ·NVGTGP $CPF CDUEJPKVV <- ++p+++ +++ 5V *GNGPC /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF
++
&4+66' 8+'46' 70& (ª0(6' (4#0<¤5+5%*' 4'27$.+- 5'+6
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP 4GFWMVKQP FGT 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP Z OO 5KNDGT /GFCKN NQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ KP GKPGT 5RKV\G ++ #NU 4GFWMVKQP PKEJV J·WHKI
114
VEREINIGTES KÖNIGREICH
8510 8508
8511
ex 8509
1TFGP FGT $GHTGKWPI 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G VNY NCEMKGTV CO $CPF FGU 6[RU <-
1TFGP FGT $GHTGKWPI 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G VNY NCEMKGTV CO $CPF FGU 6[RU &C\W HÒPH YGKVGTG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #WU\GKEJPWPIGP CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT %JKPC -QPXQNWV XQP \YGK 'ZGORNCTGP GKPG \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJG WPF GKPG UR·VGTG #WUICDG CP $·PFGTP GKPG OKV WPF GKPG QJPG $CPFURCPIG 5VÒEM ++
'JTGPMTGW\ GKPGT *GT\ ,GUW $TWFGTUEJCHV $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO 1MVQDGT 0T
++
++p
)4+'%*'0.#0&
<9'+6'5 -¤0+)4'+%* )4+'%*'0.#0&
<YGK 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNGP HÒT FGP )TKGEJKUEJ $WNICTKUEJGP -TKGI *GNNG $TQP\G CO $CPF OKV TQVGO /KVVGNUVTGKHGP OKV \YGK $CPFURCPIGP ōΓ+#0+Σ6#ŋ WPF ō+Ω#00+0#ŋ WPF FWPMNG $TQP\G CO $CPF OKV YGK ITÒP YGKGO /KVVGNUVTGKHGP OKV \YGK $CPFURCPIGP ōΜΠΕΛΕΣŋ WPF ōΚΡΕΣΝΑ ΤΣΟΥΜΑΓΙΑŋ ++
8514 8513
8517
8515 8516
8'4'+0+)6'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 810 )4155$4+6#00+'0 70& 014&+4.#0&
&GT 5GJT *GTXQTTCIGPFG 1TFGT FGU +PFKUEJGP 'ORKTGU /KPKCVWT FGT &GMQTCVKQP FGT )GHQNIUNGWVG
%QORCPKQP % + ' /QFGNN DKU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV $CPFURCPIG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /; 4 ++
&GT UGJT #WUIG\GKEJPGVG 1TFGP XQO JN /KEJCGN WPF XQO JN )GQTI /KPKCVWT FGT 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO $·PFEJGP KO .GFGTGVWK /; ++
-TKO /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT XQP 9 9[QP QJPG 6T· IGTPCOGP UQ XGTNKGJGP CP PKEJV DTKVKUEJG 5QNFCVGP OKV UGJT MWT\GO $CPFUVÒEM /; ++
5ÒFCHTKMC /GFCKNNG FGT -ÌPKIKP 5KNDGT OKV 4CPFPCOGP ō 2VG . (156'4 81. %Q[ 51((1.- 4')+ŋ 4CPFFGNNGP OKV FTGK XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ XKGT )GHGEJVUURCPIGP ō5176* #(4+%# ŋ ō64#058##.ŋ ō ŋ WPF ō%#2' %1.10;ŋ QJPG $CPF /; ++
-CPCFKUEJGU )GHCNNGPGP 'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ /QFGNN 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG )TCXWT ō$ %RN , $ 9'$56'4ŋ CO $·PFEJGP /; # ++
115
VEREINIGTES KÖNIGREICH
8518 8519
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 8GTGKPKIWPI FGT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP /QFGNN OKV 2QTVCKV -ÌPKI )GQTI 8 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T·IGTPCOG ō)GQTIGU 4QDKPGVŋ WPF 8GTNGKJWPIUFCVWO ō #RTKN ŋ CO $CPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG 4 ++
)TQG 1TFGPUEJPCNNG FGU .GWVPCPVU 4 /CE &QPPGNN FGT 4Q[CN /CTKPGU OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 5VGTP $TKVKUEJG -TKGIUOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT +PVGTCNNKKGTVG 5KGIGUOGFCKNNG 8GTVGKFKIWPIUOGFCKNNG -TKGIUOGFCKNNG &KG GTUVGP FTGK OKV 6T·IGTPCOGP ō.+'76 4 /#% &100'.. 4 / ŋ #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
5EJPCNNG GKPGU .GWVPCPVU FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP /CTKPG +PHCPVGTKG WPF 8GVGTCPGP DGKFGT 9GNVMTKGIG
8520 8523
1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU -CPCFKUEJGP 5QNFCVGP OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 5VGTP (TCPM TGKEJ WPF &GWVUEJNCPF 5VGTP 8GTVGKFKIWPIUOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT /GFCKNNG HÒT HTGKYKNNKIG -CPCFKGT 5KNDGT -TKGIUOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT 5GTXKPI $TQVJGT FGU 1TFGTU QH 5V ,QJP +ORGTKCN 5GTXKEG /GFCN )GQTI 8 WPF #WUICDG -TÌPWPIUOGFCKNNG WPF $CTTKPIVQP -GPPGVV 6TQRJ[ /GFCKNNG FGT 4Q[CN #KT (QTEG #WEJ -QRKGP OGKUV 5KNDGT VGKNU OKV 4CPFPCOGP VGKNU CP $·PFGTP FTGK KP 'VWKU &C\W PKEJV VTCIDCTG ,WDKN·WOUOGFCKNNG FGT 0CVKQPCN .KHG $QCV +PUKVWVKQP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP LGYGKNU OKV 5RCPIG %#0#&# 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG CWEJ 5KNDGT CP $·PFEJGP 5VÒEM ++
)GUEJGPMPCFGN -ÌPKIKP 'NKUCDGVJU XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV VNY DGUGV\V OKV 6ÒTMK UGP WPF 2GTNGP CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC %QNNKPIYQQF %Q KP .QPFQP ++
'NK\CDGVJ $QYGU .[QP CWU FGT (COKNKG FGT 'CTNU XQP 5VTCVJOQTG WPF -KPIJQTPG JGKTCVGVG 2TKP\ #NDGTV *GT\QI XQP ;QTM 5QJP -ÌPKI )GQTIU 8 WPF LÒPIGTGT $TWFGT FGU 2TKP\GP XQP 9CNGU 'FYCTF #NU FKGUGT CDFCPMVG YWTFG KJT /CPP WPVGT FGO 0COGP )GQTI 8+ -ÌPKI XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP WPF -CKUGT XQP +PFKGP WPF UKG -ÌPKIKP WPF -CKUGTKP 5GKV FGO ÒDGTTCUEJGPFGP 6QF -ÌPKI )GQTIU 8+ WPF FGO 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV KJTGT ·NVGUVGP 6QEJVGT 'NKUCDGVJ ++ PCJO UKG CNU -ÌPKIKPOWVVGT CO ÌHHGPVNKEJGP .GDGP VGKN UVCTD FKG UGJT RQRWN·TG ō3WGGP /WOŋ KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP
116
VEREINIGTES KÖNIGREICH
8526
8525 8524
<KICTGVVGP 'VWK \WO 4GCT %QOOQFQTGU 2TK\G 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV )TCXWT ō4GCT %QOOQ FQTGU 2TK\G 9QP D[ 4 2 )QUPGNNŋ 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK KPPGP XGTIQNFGV OKV ,CJTGURWP\G ō2ŋ FGT 5VCFV %JGUVGT HÒT ++
$TKVKUEJGT (TGKOCWTGTKUEJGT 1TFGP FGT 6GORGNTKVVGT $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō)-ŋ FGT (KTOC -GPPKPI WPF .QPFQPGT ,CJTGURWP\G ōDŋ HÒT CP 0CFGN ++
$TKVKUEJGT (TGKOCWTGTKUEJGT 1TFGP FGT 6GORGNTKVVGT $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō) - 5ŋ FGT (KTOC -GPPKPI WPF 5RGPEGT CP 0CFGN ++
8527
8528
#D\GKEJGP GKPGT (TGKOCWTGT .QIG 8GTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF OKV OGJTGTGP $CPFURCPIGP KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC 6 , $TCII KP $KTOKPIJCO ++
#D\GKEJGP FGT .QIG ō5V )GQTIG HQT 'PINCPFŋ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF OKV GOCKNNKGTVGT #WHNCIG ++
117
INTERNATIONALE UND GESELLSCHAFTSORDEN
8530
8531 8529
+06'40#6+10#.' 70& )'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0
#TCWMCPKGP WPF 2CVCIQPKGP -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO -TGW\ FGU 5ÒFGPU /QFGNN OKV 4GXGTUKP UEJTKHV ō#4#7%#0+' 2#6#)10+'ŋ PCEJ 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 6TCIGUVGI HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō9KNFUEJYGKPMQRHŋ CO QTKIK PCNGP $CPF OKV 4QUGVVG 00 5 HH 44 ++
1TNNKG #PVQKPG FG 6QWPGPU UGNDUVGTPCPPVGT -ÌPKI 1TNNKG #PVQKPG + XQP #TCWMCPKGP WPF 2CVCIQPKGP UVKHVGVG FGP 1TFGP PCEJ KP 2CTKU /QFGNN WO UGKPG 7PVGTUVÒV\GT KP UGKPGO 6JTQPCPURTWEJ \W DGNQJPGP 5GKP 0CEJHQNIGT #EJKNN + )WUVCXG #EJKNNG .CXKCTFG XGTUVQTDGP KP 2CTKU ÒDGTPCJO FGP 1TFGP OKV NGKEJVGP 8GT·P FGTWPIGP LGV\V OKV 4GXGTUKPUEJTKHV ō#4#7%#0+' 2#6#)10+'ŋ /QFGNN
#TCWMCPKGP WPF 2CVCIQPKGP -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO -TGW\ FGU 5ÒFGPU /QFGNN OKV 4GXGTUKP UEJTKHV #4#7%#0+' 2#6#)10+' PCEJ 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV -TQPG KO /GFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG 'OCKNNGUEJ·FGP KP FGP -TGW\CTOURKV\GP CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF 00 5 HH 44 +++p+8
#TCWMCPKGP WPF 2CVCIQPKGP -TGW\ FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV FGT OKV FGT /GFCKNNG XQO -TGW\ FGU 5ÒFGPU $GNKGJGPGP #DVGKNWPI HÒT %JTKUVGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OGJTGTG *CCTTKUUG KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF 444 ++
&KG )GUGNNUEJCHV FGT OKV FGT /GFCKNNG XQO -TGW\ FGU 5ÒFGPU $GNKGJGPGP KUV KP FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV ō-ÌPKIŋ XQP DKU #EJKNNU + XQP #TCWMCPKGP WPF 2CVCIQPKGP CWU FGT XQP -ÌPKI 1TNNKG #PVQKPG + IGITÒPFGVGP -ÌPKINKEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV XQO -TGW\ FGU 5ÒFGPU =5QEK¾V¾ 4Q[CNG FG NC %QPUVGNNCVKQP FW 5WF? JGTXQTIGICPIGP &KG )GUGNNUEJCHV FKG UKEJ UQYQJN FGT 9CJTWPI FGT 6JTQPCPURTÒEJG FGU LGYGKNKIGP -ÌPKIU XQP #TCWMCPKGP WPF 2CVCIQPKGP YKG CWEJ RJKNCPVJTQRKUEJGP #WHICDGP YKFOGVG YCT DKU \WO 8QTCDGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU CMVKX /KEJGN )QPVKGT WPF &CPKGN 4GPCWF UGK HÒT FKGUG +PHQTOCVKQPGP JGT\NKEJ IGFCPMV
8532
8533
8532
#TCWMCPKGP WPF 2CVCIQPKGP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG -ÌPKI 2JKNKRRU + XQP #TCWMCPKGP WPF 2CVCIQPKGP )QNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT ō, * %1'((+0ŋ CO QTKIK PCNGP $CPF 444 ++
#O /CK XGT\KEJVGVG FGT HÒPHVG -ÌPKI #PVQKPG +++ ,CESWGU #PVQKPG $GTPCTF XQP #TCWMCPKGP WPF 2CVCIQ PKGP CWH UGKPG 6JTQPTGEJVG \W )WPUVGP XQP 2TKP\ 2JKNKRRG 2JKNKRRG $QKT[ FGT UQOKV CNU -ÌPKI 2JKNNKRR + FGT UGEJUVG ō/QPCTEJŋ YWTFG
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP -CVJCTKPC XQO $GTIG 5KPCK 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV /G FCKNNQPCWHNCIGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK 00 5 HH + $GUQPFGTU HTÒJG WPF HGKPG #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV·V
118
INTERNATIONALE UND GESELLSCHAFTSORDEN
8534
/KNKV·TKUEJGT *QURKVCN 4KVVGTQTFGP XQO JN .C\CTWU XQP ,GTWUCNGO 1DQGFKGP\ XQP /CNVC 5GV GKPGU ,WUVK\ )TQÂMTGW\GU DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP #DURNKVVGTWPI KO TÃ&#x2019;EM UGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT IGRTÃ&#x2019;HV XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV -QTTQUKQPUURWTGP CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK 5GKVGPJCMGP WPF ,WUVK\ -TGW\ XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $; 5 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
8537
8535 8538
/KNKV·TKUEJGT *QURKVCN 4KVVGTQTFGP XQO JN .C\CTWU XQP ,GTWUCNGO 1DQGFKGP\ XQP /CNVC $TWUVUVGTP FGT ,WUVK\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP #DURNKVVGTWPI KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK 5GKVGPJCMGP $; 5 H ++
/KNKV·TKUEJGT *QURKVCN 4KVVGTQTFGP XQO JN .C\CTWU XQP ,GTWUCNGO 1DQGFKGP\ XQP /CNVC #D\GKEJGP GKPGU 5QEKWU WPF 5CPEVK .C\CTK $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF &C\W \YGK 'TKPPGTWPIU OGFCKNNGP /CNVC 5CN\DWTI WPF UKNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG LGYGKNU CP $·PFGTP UQYKG CEJV 'RCWNGVVGP #WHNCIGP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
/KNKV·TKUEJGT *QURKVCN 4KVVGTQTFGP XQO JN .C\CTWU XQP ,GTWUCNGO -TGW\ HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUV 4KVVGT -PKIJV %QORCPKQP XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC 6Q[G -GPPKPI 5RGPEGT KP .QPFQP $; 5 4 ++
/KNKV·TKUEJGT *QURKVCN 4KVVGTQTFGP XQO JN .C\CTWU XQP ,GTWUCNGO -TGW\ HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUV -QOOCP FGWTG %QOOCPFGT %QORCPKQP XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC 6Q[G -GPPKPI 5RGPEGT KP .QPFQP $; 5 4 ++
119
INTERNATIONALE UND GESELLSCHAFTSORDEN
8539 1:1 8540
8541
8542
/KNKV·TKUEJGT *QURKVCN 4KVVGTQTFGP XQO JN .C\CTWU XQP ,GTWUCNGO 1DQGFKGP\ XQP 2CTKU /KPKCVWT GKPGU ,WUVK\ )TQQHHK\KGTU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT IQNFGPGT WPF UKNDGTPGT .KV\G WPF 4QUGVVG 44 ++
/KPKCVWTGP FGU 1TFGPU KP GEJV )QNF UKPF XQP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV
1TFGP FGU JN -QPUVCPVKP FGU )TQGP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF
7PDGMCPPVGT -QPUVCPVKP 1TFGP 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV -QTTQUKQPU URWTGP CO $CPF OKV 4QUGVVG OKV /KPKCVWT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV 4QUGVVG 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP FGU #NVGP #FGNU QFGT FGT 8KGT 4ÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT /QFGNN -QOVWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG 'OCKNNGEJKRU &KG $WEJUVCDGP CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP XGTDNCV ++
++
&GT UQPUV PKEJV DGMCPPVG (TKGFTKEJ -CTN 'UDCEJ ITÒPFGVG GKPGP ŋ5V )GQTIUDWPF &GWVUEJGT 'FGNNGWVG WPF 2CVTK\KGT IGPCPPV 4KVVGTDWPF XQP 5V )GQTIŌ FGT KO INGKEJGP ,CJT GKP ,CJTDWEJ JGTCWUICD ICD UKEJ FGT $WPF WPVGT UGKPGO )QWXGTPGWT )TCH $GTPJCTF \W 5VQNDGTI 5VQNDGTI 5VCVWVGP WPF FGP PGWGP 0COGP ŋ#NVGT 5V )GQTIU 4KVVGTQTFGP CWEJ 1TFGP FGT XKGT 4ÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT IGPCPPV Ō 5GKP <KGN YCT FKG VTCFKVKQPGNNG CDGPFN·PFKUEJ EJTKUV NKEJG )GUKPPWPI \W RHNGIGP 0COJCHVG 2GTUQPGP YKG FKG GJGOCNKIGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP $WPFGUMCP\NGT 'TPUV 5VTGGT X 5VTGGTWYKV\ WPF -WTV X 5EJWUEJPKII YCTGP /KVINKGFGT &GT 1TFGP YWTFG KP &GWVUEJNCPF XGTDQVGP CWEJ KP ¤UVGTTGKEJ &KG 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP YCTGP GKPG /QFGTPKUKGTWPI FGU WTURTÒPINKEJGP 1TFGPU FGT 8KGT -CKUGT &GT 1TFGP ICD GKP ŋ0CEJTKEJVGPDNCVVŌ JGTCWU
8544 8543
1TFGP FGT &QTPGPMTQPG -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV \YGK MNGKPG 'OCKNNGTGRC TCVWTGP WPF GKPKIG *CCTTKUUG KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō6 (ŋ 5VCFVRWP\G XQP $KTOKPIJCO WPF ,CJTGURWP\G ō$ŋ HÒT CO *CNUDCPF ++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO 1MVQDGT 0T FCXQT GZ #WMVKQP 1TFGP CWU CNNGT 9GNV 5COONWPI 6COOCPP FGT 7$5 KP $CUGN CO WPF 0QXGODGT .QV 0T
120
1TFGP 0KCPJ 0CUM )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO 5EJWN VGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK 5GKVGPJCMGP 5VÒEM ++
INTERNATIONALE UND GESELLSCHAFTSORDEN
8547 8545
8546
1TFGP 0KCPJ 0CUM )TQUVGTP ō(ÒT JGTXQTTCIGPFG 8GTFKGPUVGŋ XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC %GLCNXQ KP /CFTKF ++
7PKXGTUGNNGT 1TFGP FGT 4KVVGT FGU 9GKPU 1TFGPU\GKEJGP KP (QTO GKPGU 2TQDKGTIGH·GU $TQP\G XGT IQNFGV CO *CNUDCPF WPF 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ FGU 1TFGPU XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP FGT 5EJYCPGPTKVVGT FGU JN )GQTI *CNUMTGW\ XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF KP 5EJCEJVGN ++
8548
)TQG 5EJPCNNG OKV UGEJU KPVGTPCVKQPCNGP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP &CTWPVGT %TQKZ #NNK¾U /¾FCKNNG F 'WTQRG RQNPKUEJGU 'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ WPF 5RJKPZ -TGW\ <WUCOOGP OQPVKGTV 5VÒEM ++
121
ISLAND
8549
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV PGWP /KPKCVWTGP KPVGTPCVKQPCNGT 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP &CTWPVGT 2QNPK UEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ (TCP\ÌUKUEJG -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG -TGW\ FGT #PEKGPU %QODCV VCPVU F 'WTQRG RQNPKUEJGU 'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ %TQKZ #NNK¾U WPF /¾FCKNNG F 'WTQRG #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
8550
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV PGWP /KPKCVWTGP KPVGTPCVKQPCNGT 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP &CTWPVGT 1TFGP 0KCPJ 0CUM 5KNDGTPGU -TGW\ 8KTVWVK /KNKVCTK .C\CTWU 1TFGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ FGU ,CRCPKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ FGU .C\CTWU 1TFGPU .KRRKUEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ WPF 1TFGP FGT 4KVVGT XQP /CNVC /QPVKGTV KP EQWTV UV[NG CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
8551 8552
+5.#0& -¤0+)4'+%* +5.#0&
-ÌPKINKEJ DKU +UN·PFKUEJGT (CNMGPQTFGP /QFGNN OKV -ÌPKIMTQPG -QOOCP FGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO MWT\GP $CPFCDUEJPKVV <- ++
#O ,WNK JCV -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCP : XQP &·PGOCTM WPF +UNCPF FGP FTGKMNCUUKIGP CNNIGOGKPGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGUVKHVGV YQDGK FKG -NCUUG KP \YGK 5VWHGP WPVGTVGKNV YCT 0CEJFGO FCU .CPF UGKPG XÌNNKIG 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV GTNCPIV WPF UKEJ \WT 4GRWDNKM GTMN·TV JCVVG GTJKGNV FGT 1TFGP CO ,WNK FGU INGKEJGP ,CJTGU PGWG 5VCVWVGP 8IN CWEJ 6JQTNCEKWU $KTIKT UNGPUM *GKFWTUOGTMK *±UMÉNCÐVI±HCP 7PF -NKGVOCPP -WTV ) +UNCPF +UN·PFK UEJGT (CNMGPQTFGP +P 1TFGPU .GZKMQP $CPF $GTNKP Q ,
-ÌPKINKEJ DKU +UN·PFKUEJGT (CNMGPQTFGP /QFGNN OKV -ÌPKIMTQPG 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG $CPF <- 4 ++ &KG 4KVVGTMTGW\G FGU /QFGNNU UKPF YGKVCWU UGNVGPGT \W HKPFGP CNU FKG -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\G
122
ITALIEN
+6#.+'0 +6#.+'0 -¤0+)4'+%* $'+&'4 5+<+.+'0
$WEJ &GNN +PUGIPG 4GCN 1TFKPG FK 5 (GTFKPCPFQ G FGN /GTKVQ 0GCRGN 5GKVGP WPF 5VKEJVCHGNP IGDWPFGP /KV 'KIGPVWOU 5VGORGN -ÌPKI .QWKU 0CRQN¾QP XQP *QNNCPF 4 ++
8555
8554
+6#.+'0 -¤0+).+%*' (#/+.+' $174$10 $'+&' 5+<+.+'0 5'+6
1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP ,CPWCTKWU $TWUVUVGTP FGT 1TFGPUTKVVGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJ TGTG 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP ++p+++
#PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO NGV\VGP &TKVVGN FGU <YCP\KIUVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU
-¤0+)4'+%* +6#.+'0
/KNKV·T 1TFGP XQP 5CXQ[GP /QFGNN ·NVGTG <YGKVCPHGTVKIWPI GKPGU )TQMTGW\UGVU DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO MWT\GP $CPFUVÒEM FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN ++
<GKVIGPÌUUKUEJG WPF UEJYGTG #PHGTVKIWPI
8556
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV $CPFTKPI HGJNV OKV QTKIKPCNGO *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC %TCXCP\QNC 5WEE 4CXKQNQ )CTFKPQ KP 4QO CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI 8KMVQT 'OCPWGNU +++ TGI XQP DKU DG FTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC . 4CXKQNQ ' )CTFKPQ 5WEEGUUQTK &EQ %TCXCP\QNC OKV DGUEJ·FKI VGO 8GTUEJNW <- 5VÒEM ++
)GUVKHVGV XQP -ÌPKI 8KMVQT 'OCPWGN ++ CO (GDTWCT CWU #PNC FGT *QEJ\GKV FGU -TQPRTKP\GP *WODGTV OKV 2TKP\GUUKP /CTIGTKVC XQP 5CXQ[GP )GPWC CNU HÒPHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 0CEJ #DUEJCH HWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG XQO 5VCCV PKEJV OGJT XGTNKGJGP YWTFG GT LGFQEJ GTUV OKV )GUGV\ 0T XQO /·T\ FGO 5VKHVWPIUIGUGV\ \WO 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT +VCNKGPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM GTNCUUGP XQP 2T·UKFGPV .WKIK 'KPCWFK
HQTOGNN CDIGUEJCHHV #NNGTFKPIU JCV KJP FGT GZKNKGTVG -ÌPKI *WODGTV ++ XQP +VCNKGP DKU \W UGKPGO 6QFG HÒT KJO RGTUÌPNKEJ IGNGKUVGVG &KGPUVG XGTNKGJGP
123
REPUBLIK LITAUEN
8558 1:1 8557
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ HTÒJG MNGKPG #WUHÒJTWPI )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF OKP 'OCKNNGEJKR GKPGT 5RKV\G CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU TGEJVGP -TGW\CTOU CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMU DCPF KO MNGKPGP QTKIKPCNGP 5COVGVWK FGT (KTOC %TCXCP\QNC 5WEE (TCVGNNK $QTCPK KP 4QO OKV GVYCU DGTKGDGPGO IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI 7ODGTVQU + TGIKGTVG XQP DKU <- 4 ++
'ZGORNCTG CWU FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV -ÌPKI 7ODGTVQU + UKPF PWT UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP /KPKCVWT FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\G )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I QJPG $CPFTKPI WPF QJPG $·PFEJGP ++
5GJT HGKPG #PHGTVKIWPI WO
8561 8560
8559
4'27$.+- .'66.#0&
'456' 4'27$.+- .'66.#0&
1TFGP FGT &TGK 5VGTPG /QFGNN -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FKG FTGK 5VGTPG )QNF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT #WHJ·PIWPI OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō(/ŋ HÒT FKG (KTOC 9 ( /ÒNNGT KP 4KIC WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG <- ++
(GWGTYGJT #D\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJ PWPI FGT (KTOC ( /ÒNNGT KP 4KIC WPF 0WOOGT ++
4'27$.+- .+6#7'0
1TFGP FGU )TQHÒTUVGP )GFKOKPCU /QFGNN OKV PKEJV GOCKNNKGTVGT 4ÒEMUGKVG -NGKPQF FGT -NCUUG Z OO 5KNDGT VGKNYGKUG XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPFCDUEJPKVV \WT -NCUUG <- 4 ++ 0CEJ 8 -CXCNKCWUMCU KP -8 5 KUV FGT 1TFGP XQP DKU #PHCPI PWT OCN KP FGT -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP &GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO (GDTWCT XQP 2T·UKFGPV 5OGVQPC IGUVKHVGV &CU \YGKVG /QFGNN WPVGTUEJGKFGV UKEJ XQO GTUVGP W C FCTKP FC JKGT DGK FGP +PUKIPKGP FKG 4ÒEMUGKVG PKEJV GOCKNNKGTV KUV /KV FGT #PPGMVKQP .KVCWGPU FWTEJ FKG 5QYLGVWPKQP JÌTVG FGT 1TFGP CWH \W DGUVGJGP /KV )GUGV\ XQO 5GRVGODGT YWTFG GT XQP VJG NKVCWKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI YKGFGT KPU .GDGP IGTWHGP
124
MALTA
8563
8562
1TFGP FGU )TQHÒTUVGP )GFKOKPCU /QFGNN OKV GOCKNNKGTVGT 4ÒEMUGKVG &GMQTCVKQP FGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF <- ++
0CEJ 8 -CXCNKCWUMCU KP -8 5 KUV FGT 1TFGP KPUIGUCOV PWT OCN KP FGT -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP OCN CP #WUN·PFGT
/#.6'5'4 14&'0 5178'4 0'4 /#.6'5'4 4+66'414&'0 5178'4 0'4 4+66'4 70& *152+6#.14&'0 81/ *. ,1*#00'5 <7 ,'475#.'/ 810 4*1&15 70& 810 /#.6#
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP +PVGTPCVKQPCNG (QTO OKV .KNKGP \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP #WUHÒJTWPI -NCUUG )TCF -TGW\ FGT &GXQVKQPU &QPCVGP -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF 4 ++
.CWV 2TQEJ±\MC KP 241 5 JCPFGNVG GU UKEJ DGK FGP -TGW\GP FGT &GXQVKQPUFQPCVGP \WP·EJUV WO 'JTGPMTGW\G HÒT 1TFGPUDGCOVG WPF 5VKHVGT 5KG YWTFGP KP \YGK -NCUUGP IGUEJCHHGP FKG WO GKPG FTKVVG -NCUUG GTI·P\V YWTFGP #TVKMGN FGU %QFGZ XQO #WIWUV URTKEJV XQP 8GTFKGPUVGP DGUQPFGTGT #TV KO &KGPUVG FGT FGO 1TFGP IGJÌTKIGP 9GTMG FKG HÒT GKPG #WHPCJOG WPVGT FKG &GXQVKQPUFQPCVGP XGTNCPIV YGTFGP /KV FGT 2TQOWNICVKQP FGT PGWGP 8GTHCUUWPI WPF FGU PGWGP %QFGZ FGU 1TFGPU CO DKU #RTKN YWTFGP FKG &GXQVKQPUFQPCVGP CWH GKPG -NCUUG TGFW\KGTV FGTGP &GMQTCVKQP FGO HTÒJGTGP -TGW\ FGT &GXQVKQPUFQPCVGP -NCUUG GPVURTKEJV YQDGK PWPOGJT CWEJ &COGP #WHPCJOG HKPFGP MÌPPGP &KG DKUJGTKIG WPF -NCUUG FGT &GXQVKQPUFQPCVGP YWTFG CDIG UEJCHHV
8564 1:1
8566 8565 1:1
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP FGT ōHTCP\ÌUKUEJGP <WPIGŋ OKV .KNKGPMTQPG WPF #WUHÒJTWPI -NCUUG 4CPI /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU FGT 'JTGP WPF &GXQVKQPUTKVVGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·FEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP FGT ōHTCP\ÌUKUEJGP <WPIGŋ OKV .KNKGPMTQPG WPF #WUHÒJTWPI -NCUUG 4CPI /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU FGT )PCFGP WPF /CIKUVTCVUTKVVGT )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·FEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT UKNDGTHCTDGPGT .KV\G WPF 4QUGVVG 4 ++
/KPKCVWTGP KP GEJV )QNF UKPF UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
8GTFKGPUVOGFGFCKNNG FGU 1TFGPU ō(ÒT /CNVGUKUEJGU 8GTFKGPUVŋ 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO UEJYCT\GP $CPF <- ++
(TÒJG #WUHÒJTWPI KP GEJV 5KNDGT
125
KÖNIGREICH DER NIEDERLANDE
Punze
8567
8568
Punze
8567
/106'0')41 (ª456'067/ 70& -¤0+)4'+%* /106'0')41
1TFGP FGU (ÒTUVGP &CPKNQU + =1ðäåí Êíüàçà Äàíèëà +? /QFGNN EC -TGW\ WPF -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV FGT /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV ÊÍßÇÚ ÖÐÍÎÃÎÐÑÊ+Èŋ =(ÒTUV XQP /QPVGPGITQ? CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV 6GKNG FGT #WHNCIGP )QNF ªDGTJÌJWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT -TQPGP 2GPFKNKGP TWUUKUEJG /GKUVGTOCTMG ÈÐ WPF 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT 2WP\G HÒT <QNQV PKMK 5KNDGT XQP DKU CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF FGT -NCUUG <- 4 ++
#WHITWPF FGT 2WP\KGTWPI N·V UKEJ FKG 'PVUVGJWPIU\GKV FGU -TGW\GU CWH FGP <GKVTCWO \YKUEJGP WPF GKPITGP\GP
1TFGP FGU (ÒTUVGP &CPKNQU + =1ðäåí Êíüàçà Äàíèëà +? /QFGNN EC -TGW\ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV FGT /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV ÊÍßÇÚ ÖÐÍÎÃÎÐÑÊ+Èŋ =(ÒTUV XQP /QPVGPGITQ? CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV 6GKNG FGT #WHNCIGP )QNF ªDGTJÌJWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF FGT -NCUUG <- ++
8569
8570
-¤0+)4'+%* &'4 0+'&'4.#0&'
/KNKV·T 9KNJGNOU 1TFGP )GUVKEMVGU $TWUVMTGW\ \WO -QOOCPFGWT UVCTM IGFWPMGNV
4 ++
1TCPKGP 0CUUCW 1TFGP 1HHK\KGTU D\Y 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 5KNDGT QJPG $CPF <- ++
)GUVKHVGV CO #RTKN XQP FGT 4GIGPVKP WPF -ÌPKIKPYKVYG 'OOC KP 0COGP KJTGT 6QEJVGT -ÌPKIKP 9KNJGN OKPC CNU HÒPHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGO GKPG FTGKUVWHKIG /GFCKNNG CHHKNKKGTV KUV (ÒT OKNKV·TKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG YKTF FGT 1TFGP OKV IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP
126
1TCPKGP 0CUUCW 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 5KNDGT CO $CPF OKV (GNF UEJPCNNG WPF 8GTNGKJWPIUFGMTGV HÒT FGP COGTKMCPKUEJGP /CLQT * 6WTPG[ *KEJ FCVKGTV /·T\ OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU -CP\NGTU FGT 0KGFGTN·PFKUEJGP 1TFGP )GPGTCNOCLQT FGT 4GUGTXG * -QQH IGHCNVGV \WUCOOGP KO $KNFGTTCJOGP <- ++
ÖSTERREICH
8573
8574
8572
8575
0149')'0
5'.$5656 0&+)'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 0149')'0 5'+6
-ÌPKINKEJ 0QTYGIKUEJGT 5CPMV 1NCXU 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV QJPG .ÌYGP ÒDGT FGT -TQPG /KPKCVWT FGU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\GU OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV $CPFOQPVWT FCTCWH .KV\GP WPF 4QUGVVGPCWHNCIG ++
&GT \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIG 1TFGP YWTFG CO #WIWUV XQP -ÌPKI 1UECT + HÒT FCU OKV 5EJYGFGP KP 2GTUQPCN WPKQP XGTDWPFGPG -ÌPKITGKEJ 0QTYGIGP IGUVKHVGV $KU EC YCTGP FKG XGTNKGJGPGP $TWUVUVGTPG YKG KP 5EJYGFGP IGUVKEMV YWTFG GT CWH XKGT -QOOCPFGWT WPF -NCUUG UR·VGT -QOOCPFGWT OKV 5VGTP WPF -QO OCPFGWT CWH HÒPH -NCUUGP 4KVVGT -NCUUG WPF 4KVVVGT GTYGKVGTV PCEJFGO DGTGKVU FKG -QNNCPG GKPIG HÒJTV YQTFGP YCT 0CEJ FGT #WHNÌUWPI FGT 2GTUQPCNWPKQP OKV 5EJYGFGP DGUV·VKIG FGT PGW IGY·JNVG -ÌPKI *CCMQP 8++ CO ,WPK FGP 1TFGP KP GVYCU XGT·PFGTVGT )GUVCNVWPI YQDGK FCU DKUJGTKIG -NCUUGPU[UVGO GTJCNVGP DNKGD XGTUEJYCPF UEJNKGNKEJ FGT MNGKPG .ÌYG ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ FGT -TQPG YQOKV FGT 1TFGP UGKPG JGWVKIG )GUVCNV GTJKGNV #NNG -NCUUGP FGU 1TFGPU MÌPPGP CWEJ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP FKG LGFQEJ PWT CWH FGP 1TFGPUMTGW \GP PKEJV CWH FGP $TWUVUVGTPGP CPIGDTCEJV YGTFGP #NU DGUQPFGTU JQJG #WU\GKEJPWPI MCPP FGT 1TFGP KP $TKNNCPVGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP #NNG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU CWGT FKGLGPKIGP OKV $TKNNCPVGP UKPF UVTGPI TÒEMICDGRHNKEJVKI
(TGKJGKVUMTGW\ -ÌPKI *CCMQP U 8++ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG \GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 6QUVTWR KP 1UNQ CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP 6TCIGPURCPIG KO QTKIKPC NGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 6QUVTWR OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI *CCMQP U 8++ FC\W /K PKCVWT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV \WUCOOGP OKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP 5EJYGTVQTFGPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU CP <YGKGT /KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG '1 4 ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG -ÌPKI *CCMQPU 8++ 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG OKV QTKIKPCNGO $CPF KO GVYCU DGUVQG PGP QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WUCOOGP OKV FGT QTKIKPCNGP 6TCIGIGPGJOKIWPI HÒT FGP -ÌPKIN &·PKUEJGP *QHNCMCKGP %JTKUVKCP ,ÌTIGPUGP FCVKGTV -QRGPJCIGP CO ,CPWCT OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP 2TKP\ *CPU XQP )NÒEMUDQTI OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV #4 4 +++
#WU\GKEJPWPIUOGFCKNNG FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT FCU 9QJN 0QTYGIGPU 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT OKV 6T·IGTITCXWT ō-4+56+0# ,1*#0510 ŋ CO $CPF KO 'VWK XQP &CXKF #PFGTUGP KP 1UNQ ++
8577
8576
¤56'44'+%* -#+5'44'+%* ¤56'44'+%*
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT .GQRQNF 1TFGP /QFGNN (GKPG /KPKCVWT FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV KO 4KPI OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV CO GEJV IQNFGPGP -GVVEJGP \WUCOOGP I ++
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT .GQRQNF 1TFGP /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI PCEJ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG LGINKEJG 2WP\KGTWPI CO &TGKGEMUDCPF ++
5EJÌPGU 'TUCV\GZGORNCT HÒT GKP VGWGTGU 1TKIKPCN CWU FGT <GKV XQP XQT
127
ÖSTERREICH
8578
8579
8581
8580
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGT 'KUGTPGP -TQPG /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP WPF 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGP -TQPGP 2GPFKNKGP *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō(4ŋ FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP WPF ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\G DKU HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'KUGTPG -TQPG KPPGP OKV 'KUGPTKPI CO &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGP IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP $9- <- ++
-CKUGTNKEJ ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF /GFCKNNQP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG \W ÌHHPGP 'OCKNNG FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG XQP \YGK -TGW\CTOGP CDIGRNCV\V KO 6TCIGTKPI *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 8KPE /C[GT U 5ÌJPG KP 9KGP ō)GOUMQRHRWP\Gŋ HÒT GT )QNF CO CNVGP DQTFGCWZTQVGP WPF GVYCU CWUIGDNKEJGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- <- ++ +++
-CKUGTNKEJ ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP -TKGIUDCPF WPF 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 8GTIQNFWPI DGKFUGKVKI DGTKGDGP KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTDG \GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC - $ÌJO KP 9KGP WPF ō5VGTPEJGPŋ 2WP\G CO -TKGIU &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 5EJYGTVGTP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $9- <- ++
-CKUGTNKEJ ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP -TKGIUDCPF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV DGKFUGKVKI -QTTQUKQPUURWTGP KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC - $ÌJO KP 9KGP WPF ō5VGTPEJGPŋ 2WP\G CO -TKGIU &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- <- ++p
8584
8583 8582
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NGKPFGMQTCVKQP FGU /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVMTGW\GU ++ -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP WPF 5EJYGTVGTP DGUVGJGPF CWU -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 2WP\KGTWPI CO &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT OGJTVGKNKI IGHGTVKIVGT /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU ++ -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP WPF IQNFHCTDGPGP 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO IQNFGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP CWH FGO $QFGP CWHIGMNGDVGT CNVGT JCPFUEJTKHVNK EJGT <GVVGN ō8GTFKGPUV -TGW\ ++ -N MNGKPG &GMQTCV OGKP 'KIGPV ŋ $9- C ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN NKGTV KP FGT ¤UG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō -ŋ FGT (KTOC # ' -ÌEJGTV KP 9KGP WPF ō&KCPCMQRHRWP\Gŋ HÒT GT 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- ++
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ )QNFGPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV FGT -TQPG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV MNGKPG 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPI CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU NKPMGP -TGW\CTOU KO 4KPI OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV CO -TKGIU &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- ++
128
ÖSTERREICH
8585
8588 8587
6CRHGTMGKVUOGFCKNNG /QFGNN LÒPIGTGU 2QTVTCKV (TCP\ ,QUGRJU OKV $CTV -QRH PCEJ NKPMU 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG -NCUUG 5KNDGT CO CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- 4 ++
/KNKV·T &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT 1HHK\KGTG /QFGNN -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG HÒT &KGPUV LCJTG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV #WHNCIG 5KNDGT QJPG $CPF $9- ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT FGP 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKP (GNF\WI ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJG #WUICDG $TQP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- ++
2TCIGT $ÒTIGTYGJTOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF
++
8589
8592
8593 8595
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG HÒT UQTIH·NVKIG 2HGTFG\WEJV KO -ÌPKITGKEJ )CNK\KGP WPF .QFQOGTKGP 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG PKEJV VTCIDCT &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG <GEMKPUEJTKHV KP RQNPKUEJGT 5RTCEJG ō<# 56#4#00; %*19 -10+ŋ ++
-QPXQNWV XQP HÒPH XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT 5KNDGTPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV FGT -TQPG
5KNDGT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ +++ -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP WPF 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT QJPG 4GXGTU OGFCKNNQP WPF 5KNDGTPG 5KIPWO .CWFKU -CKUGT -CTN 5KNDGT &C\W #WUUVGNNWPIU #WU\GKEJPWPI ō++ 2#46+'024'+5ŋ 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG OGKUV 5KNDGT VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
1TFGPUNKVGTCVWT &GT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJG 1TFGP FGT 'KUGTPGP -TQPG WPF UGKPG /KVINKGFGT 9KGP &GT -CKUGTNKEJ ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGU (TCP\ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP WPF UGKPG /KVINKGFGT 9KGP <YGK 6GKNNKGHGTWPIGP XQP 4CFCMQXKEJ .GQRQNF 1TFGP WPF 1TFGP FGT 'KUGTPGP -TQPG +P GKP\GNPGP $N·VVGTP PKEJV CWH 8QNNUV·PFKIMGKV IGRTÒHV +++
*QJGT &GWVUEJGT 4KVVGTQTFGP *CNUMTGW\ FGT 1TFGPURTKGUVGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 6TCIG MQTFGN $9- <- ++
/CTKCPGTMTGW\ FGU &GWVUEJGP 4KVVGTQTFGPU $TWUVMTGW\ 5KNDGT -TGW\ KO /GFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG QDGTHN·EJNKEJG %JKRU KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG KP FGT ¤UG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō(4ŋ FGT (KTOC (TKGFTKEJ 4QVJG KP 9KGP WPF ō 9KPFJWPFMQRH #ŋ 2WP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- <- ++p+++
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ FGU &GWVUEJGP 1TFGPU 5EJWNVGTDCPF \WO )TQMTGW\ WPMQPHGMVKQPKGTV EO NCPI
CWUTGKEJGPF \WT -QPHGMVKQPKGTWPI 4 ++
&CU XKGTMNCUUKIG 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ DGUVCPF PWT XQP DKU YQDGK XQP DKU MGKPG 8GTNGKJWPIGP GTHQNIV UKPF YQOKV CNNG -NCUUGP CNU UGJT UGNVGP CP\WUGJGP UKPF
'456' 4'27$.+-
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 4GRWDNKM ¤UVGTTGKEJ D\Y ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGT 8GT FKGPUVQTFGP /QFGNN DKU D\Y $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP OKV FGO 5VGTP D\Y -QOVWTMTGW\ OKV FGO 5VGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGT EKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNG VNY GVYCU XGTH·TDV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC #PVQP 4GKVVGTGT KP 9KGP CP 0CFGN $9- <- ++
129
POLEN
8597 8596
8596
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 4GRWDNKM ¤UVGTTGKEJ D\Y ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGT 8GT FKGPUVQTFGP 'TUVGU /QFGNN DKU D\Y )TQGU 5KNDGTPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP #WUICDG #PHGTVKIWPI PCEJ \W 5COONGT\YGEMGP OKV INCVVGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN ++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO 1MVQDGT 0T
<9'+6' 4'27$.+- UGKV
&CPM 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU -·TPVPGT .CPFGUJCWRVOCPPU &T ,ÌTI *CKFGT 5QIGPCPPVGT *CKFGT 1TFGP $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN KO 'VWK 44 ++
&GT CO 1MVQDGT DGK GKPGO 8GTMGJTUWPHCNN WOU .GDGP IGMQOOGPG -·TPVPGT .CPFGUJCWRVOCPP &T ,ÌTI *CKFGT GJGOCNU (2¤ FCPP $<¤ XGTICD FKGUGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP FCU PWT KP YGPKIGP (·NNGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV HÒT FKG KJO CNU .CPFGUJCWRVOCPP /KPKUVGTRT·UKFGPV FGU ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP $WPFGUNCPF -·TPVGP IGNGKUVG VGP &KGPUVG
8599
8600
ex 8598 8601
21.'0
-QPXQNWV XQP HÒPH XGTUEJKGFGPGP RQNPKUEJGP 1TFGP 'JTGP WPF #D\GKEJGP &CTWPVGT $TWUVUVGTP FGU 1TFGPU 2QNQPKC 4GUVKVWVC FGT (KTOC 5RKPM 5QP KP .QPFQP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU CP 0CFGN $·PFEJGP QFGT 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG ++
4755+5%*'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 21.'0
1TFGP 8KTVWVK /KNKVCTK /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN 5KNDGTPGU -TGW\ 5KNDGT QJPG $CPF <- ++
4WUUKUEJG /GFCKNNG ō(ÒT FKG RQNPKUEJGP $TÒFGT ŋ 6TCIDCTG &WTEJOGUUGT OO WPF PKEJV VTCIDCTG &WTEJOGUUGT OO #WUHÒJTWPI $TQP\G GKPG CO $·FEJGP 5VÒEM 4 ++
'456' 4'27$.+- 21.'0
130
1TFGP 2QNQPKC 4GUVKVWVC /QFGNN OKV ,CJTGU\CJN -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK <- ++
POLEN
8602 8604
8603
1TFGP 2QNQPKC 4GUVKVWVC /QFGNN OKV ,CJTGU\CJN 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQN FGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG MNGKPG 'OCKNNGEJKRU CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 9CDKPUMK CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF &C\W 5KNDGTPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ /QFGNN XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF <- 4 ++p+++
6CRHGTMGKVUMTGW\ FGU )GPGTCNU $WNCM $CNCEJQYKVUEJ 5R·VGTG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG MNGKPG 'OCKNNGHNGEMGP CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5 <[ICFNG YKE\ &TGKGEMUDCPF ++
81.-54'27$.+- 21.'0
1TFGP 2QNQPKC 4GUVKVWC /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ QJPG $CPFTKPI QJPG *CNUDCPF WPF \YGK 4KVVGTMTGW\G &C\W ,CP -TCUKEMK -TGW\ KP )QNF ,GYGKNU $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FKG NGV\VGP FTGK CP $·PFGTP <- 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
8606
8606
8605
#OVUMGVVG FGT 4KEJVGT $TQP\G FCU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV
4 ++
&4+66' 4'27$.+- 21.'0 5'+6
1TFGP XQO 9GKÂGP #FNGT /QFGNN UGKV 1TFGPUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VGKNYGKUG XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN <- XIN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
131
PORTUGAL
8607
21467)#. -¤0+)4'+%* 21467)#. $+5
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP 7PUGTGU *GTTP ,GUWU %JTKUVWU DKU D\Y /KNKV·TKUEJGT %JTKUVWU 1TFGP =1TFGO /KNKVCT FG %TKUVQ? UGKV /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV #WHNCIGP VNY )QNF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK OKP QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGEJKRU KO -TGW\ FGU /GFCKNNQPU WPF KP FGP (NCOOGP WPF KO -TGW\ FGT *GT\ ,GUW &GMQTCVKQP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTITCXWT ō*WPV 4QUMGNN NCVG 5VQTT /QTVKOGT CPF *WPV ,GYGNNGTU VQ VJG 3WGGP 0GY $QPF 5VTGGV .QPFQPŋ WPF 2WP\G ō90ŋ CP GEJV IQNFGPGT 0CFGN 4 ++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO 1MVQDGT 0T WGTUV SWCNKV·VUXQNNG DTKVKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO FTKVVGP 8KGTVGN FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU &KG (KTOC *WPV 4QUMGNN \QI IGO· ,CEQD KP ,% 5 WPF EC KP FKG 0GY $QPF 5VTGGV WPF HGTVKIVG FQTV DKU CNU FKG (KTOC XQP , 9 $GPUQP ÒDGTPQOOGP YWTFG
8608 1:1
4'27$.+- 21467)#. UGKV
132
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP ,CMQDWU XQO 5EJYGTV DKU D\Y 1TFGP FGU JN ,CMQDWU HÒT 8GTFKGPUV KP 9KUUGPUEJCHV .KVGTCVWT WPF -WPUV /QFGNN UGKV -QNNCPG \WO )TQMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV MNGKPGTGP -GVVGPINKGFGTP DGUVGJGPF CWU -TGW\ WPF .QTDGGTMTCP\INKGFGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 8GTUEJNWINKGF *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC (TGFGTKEQ FC %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP OKV -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GKPUGKVKI GOCKNNKGTV OKV $TWUVUVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI EC KP DGUQPFGTGT #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV FWTEJDTQEJGP IGCTDGKVGV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FGT /GFCKNNQPTCPF DGUGV\V OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC FC %QUVC CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō5EJYC PGPRWP\Gŋ \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC (TGFGTKEQ %QUVC OKV /GVCNN DGUEJN·IGP <- 44 ++
PORTUGAL
8608 1:1,5
8608 Detail 1:1
133
RUMÄNIEN
8609
8610
47/ 0+'0 -¤0+)4'+%* 47/ 0+'0
1TFGP ō/KEJCGN FGT 6CRHGTGŋ /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (GTFKPCPFU -TGW\ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNG YGNNKI GXVN PCEJGOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF <- ++
1TFGP ō5VGTP 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP MCWO UKEJVDCTG 'OCKNNG UEJ·FGP WPF TGRCTCVWTGP KO 6TCIGUVGI HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō9KNF UEJYGKPMQRHŋ CO MWT\GP VNY GVYCU CWUIGDNKEJGPGP QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF <- ++
8612 8611
1TFGP ō5VGTP 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN $TWUV UVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK 5GKVGP JCMGP <- 4 +p++
#WHITWPF FGU XGTYCPFVGP /GVCNNU $TQP\G UVCVV 5KNDGT FÒTHVG GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG OWVOCNKEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO <GKVTCWO \YKUEJGP 'PFG WPF #PHCPI JCPFGNP CNU 5KNDGT MTKGIUYKTVUEJCHVUDGFKPIV UGNVGP IGYQTFGP YCT
134
1TFGP ō5VGTP 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN 1HHK \KGTUMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG OKP #WUDTÒEJG KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP $CPF TWO·PKUEJGT 0·JCTV <- ++
RUMÄNIEN
8615
8614 8613
1TFGP ō5VGTP 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN 1HHK\KGTU MTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV XCTKCPVGT -TQPG FGU ōURCPKUEJGP 6[RUŋ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF TWO·PKUEJGT 0·JCTV OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO DGUEJ·FKIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ) .GOCKVTG KP 2CTKU OKV XGTDNCUUVGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (GTFKPCPFU + <- ++
1TFGP ō5VGTP 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN 1HHK \KGTUMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG %JKRU KP FGT DNCWGP 'OCKNNG XQP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG #WHJ·PIWPI KP FGT -TQPG TGRCTKGTV CO $CPF QJPG 4QUGVVG <- ++p
1TFGP ō5VGTP 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN 1HHK \KGTUMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV XCTKCPVGT UGJT RNCUVKUEJ CWUIGHÒJTVGT -TQPG WPF UGRCTCV CWHIGNGIVGP 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT VNY \KUGNKGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV GKPKIG #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGT ITÒPGP 'OCKNNG XQTFGT WPF TÒEMUGKVKIGP 'KEJGPNCWDMTCP\GU UQYKG OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU KO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI WPF KP \YGK -TGW\CTOGP OKV MWT\GO $CPFUVÒEM KO QTKIKPCNGP DQTFDGCWNGFGTPGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,QUGRJ 4GUEJ KP $WMCTGUV OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %CTQNU + <- 4 ++
+P FKGUGT DGUQPFGTGP #WUHÒJTWPI PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
8616
8617
1TFGP ō5VGTP 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG -TQPG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC *GKPTKEJ 9GKUU KP $WMCTGUV CP 0C FGN FKGUG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C *GTUVGNNWPIUPWOOGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō*9ŋ FGT (KTOC 9GKUU WPF ,CJTGURWP\G ō ŋ HÒT <'+ ++
1TFGP ō5VGTP 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN 1HHK \KGTUMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV TWO·PK UEJGT 0·JCTV OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG FCTCWH IGMTGW\VG 5EJYGTVGT KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ) .GOCKVTG KP 2CTKU OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (GTFKPCPFU + <- ++
&C NCWV 9GDGT KP 1 ', FKG -NCUUG GTUV OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO (GDTWCT IGUVKHVGV FKG -TQPG CWH FGO QDGTGP -TGW\CTO FGU $TWUVUVGTPU GTUV OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO &G\GODGT D\Y OKV FGUUGP PFGTWPIUFGMTGV XQO (GDTWCT IGUEJCHHGP YQTFGP YCT UKPF FKG 5VGTPG QJPG FKGUG -TQPG PWT EC \YGK ,CJTG NCPI XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP WPF FGOGPVURTGEJGPF UGJT UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
135
RUMÄNIEN
8619
8618
8620
1TFGP ō5VGTP 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN 4KVVGT MTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF HÒT 6CRHGT MGKV TWO·PKUEJGT 0·JCTV KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ) .GOCKVTG KP 2CTKU OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQ ITCOO -ÌPKI (GTFKPCPFU + <- ++
1TFGP ō-TQPG 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN #WU ICDG OKV -TQPG CWU 5KNDGT KP FGP /GFCKNNQPU 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT #ITCHHG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU
ō9KNFUEJYGKPMQRHŋ CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG &C\W 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG HÒT /CPP JCHVKIMGKV WPF 6TGWG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV QJPG $CPF <- 5VÒEM ++
0CEJFGO FCU UKEJ FCU (ÒTUVGPVWO 4WO·PKGP CO /·T\ \WO UQWXGT·PGP -ÌPKITGKEJ RTQMNCOKGTV WPF (ÒTUV %CTQN CWU FGO *CWUG *QJGP\QNNGTP 5KIOCTKPIGP \WO -ÌPKI CWUIGTWHGP JCVVG UVKHVGVG FKGUGT CO /CK FGO 6CIG UGKPGT -TÌPWPI FGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP OKV FGP -ÌPKINKEJGP &GMTGVGP 0T 8 WPF 8 $KU EC YCT FKG -TQPG KO /GFCKNNQP XQP -TGW\ WPF $TWUVUVGTP KP #PNGJPWPI CP FKG ō5V·JNGTPG -TQPG 4WO·PKGPŋ CWU 'KUGP
/QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FCPCEJ CWU 5KNDGT QFGT XGTUKNDGTVGT $TQP\G /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI #O #WIWUV VTCV 4WO·PKGP CWH FGT 5GKVG FGT 'PVGPVG KP FGP 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI GKP YQTCWH -ÌPKI (GTFKPCPF OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T +: XQO 5GRVGODGT HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KO -TKGI 5EJYGTVGT HÒT CNNG -NCUUGP UVKHVGVG /KV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T +8 XQO #RTKN YWTFG HÒT FKG FTGK WPVGTGP -NCUUGP -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT HÒT DGUQPFGTU VCRHGTGP 'KPUCV\ FKG /ÌINKEJMGKV FGT 8GTNGKJWPI CO $CPFG HÒT ō/KNKV·TKUEJG 6WIGPFŋ 6CRHGTMGKVUDCPF IGUEJCHHGP #O /CK TGQTICPKUKGTVG -ÌPKI %CTQN ++ FGP 1TFGP XQNNUV·PFKI OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T 8 WPF ICD FGP +PUKIPKGP GKP PGWGU #WUUGJGP /QFGNN YQDGK FKG $TWUV UVGTPG CPHCPIU PQEJ KJTG WTURTÒPINKEJG )TÌG DGJKGNVGP CDGT DCNF YGUGPVNKEJ MNGKPGT YWTFGP UQYKG GKP PGWGU 1TFGPUDCPF #O (GDTWCT UVKHVGVG GT OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T ++ GTI·P\V FWTEJ FCU -ÌPKI NKEJG &GMTGV 0T 8+++ XQO #WIWUV FKG ō/KNKV·TCDVGKNWPI KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGPŋ IGUVKHVGV FGTGP +PUKIPKGP GKPG -ÌPKIUMTQPG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI GTJKGNVGP WPF CO &G\GODGT YWTFG OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T :++ FKG ō#DVGKNWPI HÒT -TKGIU\GKVGPŋ FWTEJ *KP\WHÒIWPI XQP IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP HÒT FKG +PUKIPKGP FGT /KNKV·TCDVGKNWPI WPF FCU UQIGP ō-TKGIUDCPFŋ IGUEJCHHGP /KV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T :++ XQO &G\GODGT IGUVCVVGVG -ÌPKI %CTQN ++ CWEJ FKG 8GTNGKJWPI CNNGT -NCUUGP FGT \KXKNGP #DVGKNWPI CP (TCWGP YQDGK GKPG DGUQPFGTG &GMQTCVKQP FGT -QOOCPFGWTG UVCVV FGU *CNUMTGW\GU IGUEJCHHGP YWTFG /KV -ÌPKINK EJGO &GMTGV 0T 8+ XQO ,WPK YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI /KJCK + HÒT CNNG -NCUUGP FGT #DVGKNWPI HÒT -TKGIU\GKVGP HÒT DGUQPFGTU VCRHGTGP 'KPUCV\ FKG /ÌINKEJMGKV FGT 8GTNGKJWPI CO $CPFG HÒT ō/KNKV·TKUEJG 6WIGPFŋ
6CRHGTMGKVUDCPF IGUEJCHHGP #O ,WPK UVKHVGVG GT OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T 8+ HÒT FKG FTGK WPVGTGP -NCUUGP ō'KEJGPDN·VVGTŋ CNU DGUQPFGTG 6CRHGTMGKVUCWU\GKEJPWPI FKG QFGT $N·VVGT CWH FGO 6CRHGT MGKVUDCPF FGU 4KVVGT QFGT 1HHK\KGTMTGW\GU D\Y CNU IGMTGW\VGU 'KEJGPNCWD CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI ÒDGT FGT -TQPG FGU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\GU CPIGDTCEJV YCTGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ PQEJ OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T : XQO 1MVQDGT HÒT FKG 1HHK\KGTUMNCUUG FGT -TKGIUCDVGKNWPI CO 6CRHGTMGKVUDCPF CNU DGUQPFGTG #WU\GKEJPWPI GKPGP XKGTUVTCJNKIGP /GVCNNUVGTP FGT CWH FCU $CPF CWHIGNGIV YWTFG /KV FGT #DFCPMWPI -ÌPKI /KJCKU + CO &G\GODGT YWTFG CWEJ FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 1TFGPU ō-TQPG 4WO·PKGPUŋ KP 4WO·PKGP GKPIGUVGNNV #NNGTFKPIU JCV KP -ÌPKI /KJCK IGNGIGPVNKEJ KO 'ZKN CNU *CWUQTFGP YGKVGTJKP XGTNKGJGP 8IN CWEJ 9GDGT 9KNJGNO -ÌPKI -CTN + 5EJÌR HGT FGU OQFGTPGP 4WO·PKGPU )TÒPFGT FGU TWO·PKUEJGP 1TFGPUYGUGPU WPF 5VKHVGT FGU 1TFGPU ō-TQPG 4WO·PKGPUŋ +P 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP ,CJTICPI 0T 5
136
1TFGP ō-TQPG 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN #WU ICDG OKV -TQPG CWU 5KNDGT KP FGP /GFCKNNQPU 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU KO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI KO $CPFTKPI TWO·PK UEJG (KUEJRWP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT XQP DKU CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP DNCWNGFGTPGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,QUGRJ 4GUEJ KP $WMCTGUV OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQ ITCOO -ÌPKI %CTQNU + <- ++
RUMÄNIEN
8622 8623
8621
8626 8625
1TFGP ō-TQPG 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN #WU ICDG OKV -TQPG CWU 5KNDGT KP FGP /GFCKNNQPU $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ,QUGRJ 4GUEJ (KNU KP $WMCTGUV CP 0CFGN <- ++
1TFGP ō-TQPG 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN #WU HÒJTWPI HÒT -TKGIU\GKVGP OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTVGTP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO 6TCIGTKPI OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō%(<ŋ FGT (KTOC %CTN (TKGFTKEJ <KOOGTOCPP KP 2HQT\JGKO *GTUVGNNWPIUPWOOGT ō ŋ WPF ,CJTGURWP\G ō ŋ HÒT CO QTKIKPCNGP WPIGVTCIGPGP *CNUDCPF HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV KO QTKIKPCNGP OKP DGUEJ·FKIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT /QPGVCTKC 0CVKQPCNC OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI /KJCKU + <- ++
1TFGP ō-TQPG 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN #WUHÒJ TWPI HÒT (TKGFGPU\GKVGP 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGP IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP <- ++
/WVOCNKEJG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP ,CJTGP DKU
1TFGP ō-TQPG 4WO·PKGPUŋ CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN NGGTGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WO 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI /KJCKU + ++
1TFGP ō.CPFYKTVUEJCHVU 8GTFKGPUVŋ /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %CTQNU ++ 1HHK \KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō*9ŋ FGT (KTOC *GKPTKEJ 9GKUU KP $WMCTGUV WPF /CVTKMGNPWOOGT ō ŋ CO $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG <- ++
51<+#.+56+5%*' 4'27$.+- 47/ 0+'0
6KVGN ō*GNF FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 4WO·PKGPŋ /GFCKNNG \WO 'JTGPVKVGN $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV DGUGV\V OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP CP 6TCIURCPIG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV OKV 5KOKNKUVGKP DGUGV\V 54 <- 4 ++
)GUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET % 5 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T &GT 6KVGN YWTFG HÒT CWGTIG YÌJPNKEJG RGTUÌPNKEJG 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG TWO·PKUEJG -QOOWPKUVKUEJG 2CTVGK WO FGP 5VCCV WPF FKG TGXQNWVKQP·TG TWO·PKUEJG $GYGIWPI DGK FGP #WHICDGP FGU #WHDCWGU FGU 5Q\KCNKUOWU WPF HÒT DGUQPFGTG 8GTFKGPUVG KO $GTGKEJ FGT +PPGP WPF #WGPRQNKVKM XGTNKGJGP #NU UKEJVDCTGU <GKEJGP FGU 'JTGPVKVGNU YWTFG GKPG IQNFGPG /GFCKNNG XGTNKGJGP /KV FKGUGT #WU\GKEJPWPI YWTFG CWEJ FGT 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCNUGMTGV·T FGT -QOOWPKUVKUEJGP 2CTVGK WPF 8QTUKV \GPFGT FGU 5VCCVUTCVGU FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 4WO·PKGP 0KEQNCG %GCWUGUEW CWUIG\GKEJPGV 'U JCPFGNVG UKEJ WO FKG JÌEJUVG #WU\GKEJPWPI FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 4WO·PKGPU
137
RUMÄNIEN
8627 8629
8628
6KVGN ō*GNF FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP #TDGKVŋ /QFGNN OKV ō454ŋ )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG ō5KEJGN WPF *COOGTŋ \WO 'JTGPVKVGN $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CP 6TCIGURCPIG 54 <- ++
)GUVKHVGV CO CPN·NKEJ FGU L·JTKIGP $GUVGJGPU FGT -QOOWPKUVKUEJGP 2CTVGK 4WO·PKGPU &GT 6KVGN YWTFG HÒT RGTUÌPNKEJG 8GTFKGPUVG KO 4CJOGP FGT #TDGKVGP DGKO #WHDCW FGU 5Q\KCNKUOWU KP 4WO·PKGP HÒT JGTCWUTC IGPFG .GKUVWPIGP XGTNKGJGP /KV FGT 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 6KVGNU YCT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGT )QNFGPGP /GFCKNNG ō5KEJGN WPF *COOGTŋ UGKV FGTGP 5VKHVWPI XGTDWPFGP &KG /GFCKNNG YWTFG IGUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET 2 /#0 WPF KO $ 1H 0T XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV /QFGNN WPF IG·PFGTV FWTEJ &ET % 5 XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI &KG \YGKVG #WUHÒJ TWPI YWTFG RGT &GMTGV XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T CO GKPIGHÒJTV #D YWTFG FKG #WU\GKEJ PWPI PKEJV OGJT CWU (GKPIQNF UQPFGTP CWU $WPVOGVCNN JGTIGUVGNNV 5GKV FKGUGT <GKV KUV CWEJ FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT 6TCIGURCPIG GPVHCNNGP
'JTGPVKVGN ō*GNFGP /WVVGTŋ WPF 1TFGP ō*GNFGP /WVVGTŋ /QFGNN OKV ō454ŋ #WUHÒJTWPI $WPVOGVCNN XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV CP 6TCIGURCPIG XGTIQNFGV WPF NCEMKGTV 54 <- ++
)GUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET 2 /#0 WPF CO KO $ 1H 0T XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV 6KVGN WPF 1TFGP YWTFG CP (TCWGP XGTNKGJGP FKG \GJP WPF OGJT -KPFGT IGDQTGP WPF CWHIG\QIGP JCVVGP $GKO \YGKVGP /QFGNN YWTFG FKG +PUEJTKHV ō424ŋ FWTEJ ō454ŋ GTUGV\V <W GKPGO PKEJV DGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV YWTFG FCU 1TFGPU\GKEJGP PKEJV OGJT CWU 'FGNOGVCNNGP UQPFGTP CWU $WPVOGVCNN IGHGTVKIV 5GKV FKGUGT <GKV KUV CWEJ FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GPVHCNNGP
1TFGP ō*GNF FGT 0GWGP .CPFYKTVUEJCHVNKEJGP 4GXQNWVKQPŋ 1TFGPU\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CP 6TCIGURCPIG 45 <- 4 ++
)GUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET % 5 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T CO &GT 1TFGP YWTFG CP .CPFYKTVUEJCHVNKEJG 2TQFWMVKQPUIGPQUUGPUEJCHVGP WPF -QNNGMVKXG XGTNKGJGP 8QTCWUUGV\WPI HÒT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FKGUGT #WU\GKEJPWPI YCT FKG )TÌG FGU 'TVTCIGU RTQ *GMVCT DGK DGUVKOOVGP 2HNCP\GPCTVGP \ $ 9GK\GP /CKU WPF )GTUVG 'KPG 8GTNGKJWPI CP 'KP\GNRGTUQPGP KUV PKEJV GTHQNIV
8630
8631
1TFGP 5KGI FGU 5Q\KCNKUOWU $TWUVUVGTP $WPVOGVCNN XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN 54 <'+ ++
)GUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET % 5 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T &GT 1TFGP YWTFG FGP *GNFGP FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 4WO·PKGP XGTNKGJGP MQPPVG CDGT CWEJ CP CPFGTG XGTFKGPVG 2GTUQPGP HÒT CWGTQTFGPVNKEJG 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP #WHDCW FGU 5Q\KCNKUOWU CDGT CWEJ HÒT DGUQPFGTG 8GTFKGPUVG DGK FGT 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGU 8CVGTNCPFGU XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP &GT 1TFGP JCV GKPG -NCUUG WPF YWTFG CNU $TWUVUVGTP IGVTCIGP &GT 1TFGP 5KGI FGU 5Q\KCNKUOWU YWTFG KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP JGTIGUVGNNV 5Q IKDV GU 5VÒEMG CWU 5KNDGT WPF (GKPIQNF CWU XGTUKNDGTVGT $TQP\G WPF 6QODCMUVÒEMG
138
1TFGP 5KGI FGU 5Q\KCNKUOWU $TWUVUVGTP XGTEJTQOV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN 54 <'+ ++
RUMÄNIEN
8634
8633
8632
1TFGP ō5VGTP FGT 8QNMUTGRWDNKM 4WO·PKGP D\Y 1TFGP ō5VGTP FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 4WO·PKGPŋ =1TFKPWN 5VGCWC 4GRWDNKEKK 5QEKCNKUVG 4QO³PG? /QFGNN 9CR RGP OKV +PUEJTKHV ō454ŋ $TWUVUVGTP -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP DGUGV\V CP 0CFGN 54 <- ++
1TFGP ō5VGTP FGT 8QNMUTGRWDNKM 4WO·PKGP D\Y 1TFGP ō5VGTP FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 4WO·PKGPŋ =1TFKPWN 5VGCWC 4GRWDNKEKK 5QEKCNKUVG 4QO³PG? /QFGNN 9CR RGP OKV +PUEJTKHV ō454ŋ $TWUVUVGTP -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP DGUGV\V CP 0CFGN 54 <- ++
1TFGP ō5VGTP FGT 8QNMUTGRWDNKM 4WO·PKGP D\Y 1TFGP ō5VGTP FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 4WO·PKGPŋ =1TFKPWN 5VGCWC 4GRWDNKEKK 5QEKCNKUVG 4QO³PG? /QFGNN 9CR RGP OKV +PUEJTKHV ō454ŋ $TWUVUVGTP -NCUUG 5KNDGT IGRTÒHV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP DGUGV\V CP 0CFGN 54 <- 4 ++
)GUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET 2 424 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV CO KO / 1H 0T &GT 1TFGP JCV CNNIGOGKPGP %JCTCMVGT 'T MQPPVG <KXKN WPF /KNKV·TRGTUQPGP UQYQJN 4WO·PGP CNU CWEJ #WUN·PFGTP \WT $GNQJPWPI HÒT RQNKVKUEJGP MWNVWTGNNGP UQ\KCNGP QFGT YKUUGPUEJCHVNKEJGP 'KPUCV\ WPF HÒT 8GTYKTMNKEJWPI FGT (TGKJGKV FGT &GOQMTCVKG WPF FGU #WHDCWU FGT TWO·PKUEJGP 8QNMUTGRWDNKM XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP &KG 8GTNGKJWPI IGUEJCJ CWH 8GTCP NCUUWPI FGU 5VCCVUTCVGU FGT 8QNMUTGRWDNKM &GT 1TFGP JCV HÒPH -NCUUGP &GT 1TFGP YWTFG IG·PFGTV FWTEJ &ET % 5 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV CO KO $ 1H 0T /QFGNN &GT 1TFGP JCV PCEJ YKG XQT HÒPH -NCUUGP &GT 7PVGTUEJKGF FGT LGYGKNKIGP -NCUUGP YKTF FWTEJ FKG (CTDG FGU 5VGTPGU FGU /GFCKNNQPU WPF FWTEJ #WHNCIGP XQP 5KOKNKDTKNNCPVGP IGMGPP\GKEJPGV &GT 1TFGP YWTFG GTPGWV IG·PFGTV FWTEJ &ET % 5 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV CO KO $ 1H 0T /QFGNN &GT 1TFGP YWTFG CP 2GTUQPGP XGTNKGJGP FKG FWTEJ KJTG 6·VKIMGKV WPF FWTEJ KJTGP -CORH KO RQNKVKUEJGP UQ\KCNGP MWNVWTGNNGP WPF YKUUGPUEJCHVNKEJGP $GTGKEJ \WT (QTVGPVYKEMNWPI FGT UQ\KCNKUVKUEJGP 1TFPWPI WPF \WT 'TNCP IWPI FGT PCVKQPCNGP (TGKJGKV WPF 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV DGKIGVTCIGP JCDGP <W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV YWTFG \W FGP HÒPH -NCUUGP GKPG 5QPFGTUVWHG KP (QTO GKPGT 5EJ·TRGPFGMQTCVKQP JKP\WIGHÒIV $GK FGO 1TFGPUMNGKPQF JCPFGNV GU UKEJ WO GKPG HGWGTXGTIQNFGVG /KPKCVWTFGMQTCVKQP FKG IGJGPMGNV WPF OKV GKPGT 6TCIGCITCHHG XGTUGJGP KUV &CU <GPVTWO KUV QTCPIGHCTDKI GOCKNNKGTV &KGUG 5QPFGTUVWHG YCT CWUN·PFKUEJGP 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGTP XQTDGJCNVGP
8635
8636
1TFGP ō5VGTP FGT 8QNMUTGRWDNKM 4WO·PKGP D\Y 1TFGP ō5VGTP FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 4WO·PKGPŋ =1TFKPWN 5VGCWC 4GRWDNKEKK 5QEKCNKUVG 4QO³PG? /QFGNN 9CR RGP OKV +PUEJTKHV ō454ŋ $TWUVUVGTPG WPF -NCUUG LGYGKNU $TQP\G XGTEJTQOV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGNP 54 <- 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP ō #WIWUVŋ /QFGNN OKV ō454ŋ KO /GFCKNNQP $TWUVUVGTP -NCUUG $WPV OGVCNN XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP DGUGV\V GVYCU CPIGNCWHGP CP 0CFGN 54 <- ++
)GUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET 2 /#0 WPF XGTÌHH CO KO $ 1H 0T &GT 1TFGP YWTFG \WT $GNQJPWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KP 8GTDKPFWPI OKV FGT 4GXQNWVKQP XQO IGUVKHVGV +P (QNIG YWTFGP CDGT CWEJ <KXKN WPF /KNKV·TRGTUQPGP UQYQJN 4WO·PGP CNU CWEJ #WUN·PFGT HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG CWH RQNKVKUEJGO QFGT YKUUGPUEJCHVNK EJGO )GDKGV HÒT OKNKV·TKUEJG +PUVTWMVKQP 1TICPKUCVKQP WPF .GKVWPI WPF HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV KO -CORH UQYKG WO 8GT FKGPVG WO FKG #TDGKVGTMNCUUG OKV FGO 1TFGP CWUIG\GKEJPGV &KG 8GTNGKJWPI IGUEJCJ CWH 8GTCPNCUUWPI FGU 5VCCVUTC VGU &GT 1TFGP JCV HÒPH -NCUUGP &CU /QFGNN WPVGTUEJGKFGV UKEJ PWT FWTEJ FKG WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJG +PUEJTKHV KO .CPFGUYCRRGP YQ UKEJ PWPOGJT FKG /CLWU MGNP ō454ŋ DGHKPFGP &KG GKP\GNPGP 'NGOGPVG FGT -NCUUGP GKPU WPF \YGK UKPF PWP PKEJV OGJT IGPKGVGV UQPFGTP IGMNGDV <W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV YWTFG FGP HÒPH -NCUUGP GKPG 5EJ·TRGPFGMQTCVKQP CNU 5QPFGTUVWHG JKP\WIGHÒIV 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG IQNFHCTDGP GNQZKGTVG IGJGPMGNVG /KPKCVWT FKG OKV GKPGT 6TCIGCITCHHG XGTUGJGP KUV &KG 8GTNGKJWPI FKGUGT 5VWHG YCT CWUN·PFKUEJGP 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGTP XQTDGJCNVGP 1D CNNGTFKPIU 'ZGORNCTG FKGUGT -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP YWTFGP KUV PKEJV DGMCPPV
139
RUMÄNIEN
8637
8638 8639
1TFGP ō #WIWUVŋ /QFGNN OKV ō454ŋ KO /GFCKNNQP $TWUVUVGTP -NCUUG $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP DGUGV\V GVYCU CPIGNCWHGP CP 0CFGN 54 <- ++
1TFGP ō #WIWUVŋ /QFGNN OKV ō454ŋ KO /GFCKNNQP &GMQTCVKQPGP WPF -NCUUG $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV D\Y XGTUKNDGTV D\Y DTQP\KGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCNDCPFURCPIG 54 <- 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP ō6WFQT 8NCFKOKTGUEWŋ 8QNNUV·PFKIGT 5CV\ FGT $TWUVUVGTPG DKU -NCUUG WPF FGT DGKFGP /G FCKNNGP XGTIQNFGV D\Y XGTEJTQOV D\Y DTQP\GHCTDGP VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV FKG -NCUUG DGUGV\V ¯ LQWT OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP LGYGKNU CP 0CFGNP D\Y FKG DGKFGP /GFCKNNGP CP $·PFGTP TWO·PKUEJGT 0·JCTV OKV #WHNC IGP 54 <- 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP WPF /GFCKNNG YWTFGP IGUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET % 5 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T &GT 1TFGP YWTFG CP 2GTUQPGP XGTNKGJGP FKG FWTEJ 6GKNPCJOG CO TGXQNWVKQP·TGP -CORH GKPGP DGFGWVGPFGP $GKVTCI \WT 'TNCPIWPI FGT FGOQMTCVKUEJGP (TGKJGKVGP WPF \WT )TÒPFWPI FGU 5Q\KCNKUOWU IGNGKUVGV JCDGP &GUYGKVGTGP YWTFG GT CP +P WPF #WUN·PFGT XGTNKGJGP FKG KO KPVGTPCVKQPCNGP RQNKVKUEJGP .GDGP GKPGP DGUQPFGTGP $GKVTCI \WT (ÌTFGTWPI FGT 2TKP\KRKGP FGT KPVGTPCVKQPCNGP <WUCOOGPCTDGKV \WT 'TJCNVWPI FGT KPVGTPCVKQPCNGP 5KEJGTJGKV WPF FGU (TKGFGPU UQYKG HÒT FKG 'PVYKEMNWPI FGT $G\KGJWPIGP FGT (TGWPFUEJCHV WPF <WUCOOGPCTDGKV OKV FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 4WO·PKGP IGNGKUVGV JCDGP &GT 1TFGP JCV HÒPH -NCUUGP <W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGO <GKVRWPMV YWTFG FGP HÒPH -NCUUGP GKPG 5QPFGTUVWHG KP (QTO GKPGT 5EJ·TRGPFGMQTCVKQP JKP\WIGHÒIV 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG IGJGPMGNVG &COGPFGMQTCVKQP FGT \YGKVGP -NCUUG FKG OKV GKPGT 6TC IGCITCHHG XGTUGJGP KUV &KGUG 1TFGPUMNCUUG YCT CWUN·PFKUEJGP 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGTP XQTDGJCNVGP
8640
8641
1TFGP HÒT DGUQPFGTG IGNGKUVGVG &KGPUVG \WT 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT UQ\KCNGP 1TFPWPI WPF FGU 5VCCVGU 8QNNUV·PFKIGT 5CV\ FGT $TWUVUVGTPG FGT DKU -NCUUG $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV D\Y XGTUKNDGTV D\Y DTQP \KGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV LGYGKNU OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP DGUGV\V LGYGKNU CP 0CFGN WPF /GFCKNNG XGTUKNDGTV CP $CPFURCPIG 54 <- 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP WPF /GFCKNNG YWTFGP IGUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET % 5 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T &GT 1TFGP YWTFG CP YGJTFKGPUVNGKUVGPFG 5GTIGCPVGP 1HHK\KGTG WPF <KXKNRGTUQPGP CWU FGO +PPGPOKPKUVGTKWO XGTNKGJGP FKG KP FGT 8QTDGWIWPI #WHFGEMWPI WPF $GGPFKIWPI HGKPFNKEJGT #MVKXKV·VGP IGIGP FKG UVCCVNKEJG 1TFPWPI WPF FGP 5Q\KCNKUOWU KP DGUQPFGTGO /CG OKVIGYKTMV JCDGP $GKURKGNUYGKUG HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV WPF 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV KO -CORH HÒT OWVKIG QFGT IWV IGHÒJTVG 1RGTCVKQPGP KO $GTGKEJ FGT 8QTDGWIWPI QFGT FGT #WHFGEMWPI XQP 8GTDTGEJGP HÒT JGTXQT TCIGPFG (ÒJTWPI DGK FGT 'TITGKHWPI XQP 8GTDTGEJGTP HÒT IWVG 1TICPKUCVKQP FGT 5KEJGTJGKVU WPF /KNK\QTICPG KO -CORH IGIGP 8GTDTGEJGT WPF UWDXGTUKXG 'NGOGPVG HÒT FKG 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT 5VCCVUQTFPWPI WPF FGU 5Q\KCNKUOWU UQYKG HÒT OCMGNNQUGP &KGPUV DGK FGP 5GEWTKVCVG WPF /KNK\QTICPGP &KGUGT 1TFGP NÌUVG FGP CO IGUVKHVG VGP 1TFGP HÒT DGUQPFGTG IGNGKUVGVG 8GTFKGPUVG \WT 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT 1TFPWPI FGU 5VCCVGU =1TFKPWN RGPVTW 5GTXKEKK &GQUGDKVG #FWUG ÄP #RCTCTGC 1TÄPFWKTKK FG 5VCV? CD &GT 1TFGP JCV FTGK -NCUUGP &KGUG #WU\GKEJPWPI FKG URCTUCO WPF OGKUV CP /KVINKGFGT FGT 5GEWTKVCVG XGTNKGJGP YWTFG KUV YKG FKG 8QTI·PIGTCWU\GKEJPWPI TGNCVKX UGNVGP
140
1TFGP ō8GTVGKFKIWPI FGU 8CVGTNCPFGUŋ /QFGNN OKV ō454ŋ KO /GFCKNNQP XQNNUV·PFKIGT 5CV\ FGT DKU -NCUUG $WPVOGVCNN VNY XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN D\Y CP 2GPVCIQPCNDCPFURCPIG 54 <- 5VÒEM ++
RUMÄNIEN )GUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET 2 /#0 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T &GT 1TFGP MQPPVG /KNKV·T WPF <KXKNRGTUQPGP TWO·PKUEJGT UQYKG CWUN·PFKUEJGT 5VCCVU\WIGJÌTKIMGKV XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP 'T DGNQJPVG GKP\KICTVKIG .GKUVWPIGP CWH RQNKVKUEJGO WPF YKUUGPUEJCHVNKEJGO )GDKGV \GKEJPGVG OKNKV·TKUEJG .GKUVWPIGP KP 1TICPKUCVKQP WPF 6TWRRGPHÒJTWPI CWU WPF YWTFG CNNIGOGKP \WT $GNQJPWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KO 4CJOGP FGT 8GTVGKFKIWPI 4WO·PKGPU XGTNKGJGP &KG 8GTNGKJWPI GTHQNIVG CWH 8GTCPNCUUWPI FGU 5VCCVUTCVGU &GT 1TFGP JCV FTGK -NCUUGP $GKO \YGKVGP /QFGNN KUV PWP KP FGT QDGTGP ¤HHPWPI FGU JTGPMTCP\GU KO .CPFGUYCRRGP GKP HÒPH\CEMKIGT 5VGTP #PUQPUVGP JCV UKEJ FCU #WUUGJGP FGT &GMQTCVKQP PKEJV XGT·PFGTV 0CEJ PFGTWPI FGT 5VCCVUHQTO YWTFG FKG +PUEJTKHV ō424ŋ KO .CPFGUYCRRGP FWTEJ ō454ŋ HÒT 4GRWDNKEC 5QEKCNKUVC 4QO³PKC GTUGV\V
8642 8643
8645
1TFGP ō9KUUGPUEJCHVU 8GTFKGPUVŋ 8QNNUV·PFKIGT 5CV\ FGT $TWUVUVGTPG DKU -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV D\Y XGTUKNDGTV D\Y DTQP\GHCTDGP LGYGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGNP UQYKG FGT /GFCKNNG XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF 54 <- ++
1TFGP WPF /GFCKNNG YWTFGP IGUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET % 5 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T &GT 1TFGP YWTFG CP 2GTUQPGP XGTNKGJGP FKG FWTEJ YGTVXQNNG 4GCNKUKGTWPIGP KP FGP 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP GKPGP DGUQPFGTGP $GKVTCI \WO YKTVUEJCHVNKEJGP WPF VGEJPKUEJ YKTVUEJCHVNKEJGP (QTVUEJTKVV IGNGKUVGV JCDGP &GT 1TFGP JCV FTGK -NCUUGP
1TFGP ō5CPKV·VU 8GTFKGPUVŋ 8QNNUV·PFKIGT 5CV\ FGT $TWUVUVGTPG DKU -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV D\Y XGTUKNDGTV D\Y DTQP\GHCTDGP LGYGKNU VNY GOCKNNKGTV WPF OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP DGUGV\V CP 0CFGNP UQYKG FGT /GFCKNNG XGTIQNFGV CP $CPFURCPIG 54 <- 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP WPF /GFCKNNG YWTFGP IGUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET % 5 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T XQO &GT 1TFGP YWTFG XGTNKGJGP HÒT XGTFKGPUVXQNNG .GKUVWPIGP CWH CNNGP )GDKGVGP FGT /GFK\KP WPF FGT UCPKV·TGP 'KPTKEJVWPIGP FGU 5VCCVGU UQYKG CP 2GTUQPGP FKG FCU #PUGJGP WPF 9CEJUVWO FGT OGFK\KPKUEJGP 9KUUGP UEJCHVGP IGHÌTFGTV JCDGP &GT 1TFGP JCV FTGK -NCUUGP &KG /GFCKNNG YWTFG XGTNKGJGP CP 2GTUQPGP CWU FGO OGFK\KPKUEJ UCPVKV·TGP 2GTUQPCN UQYKG CP 2GTUQPGP FKG DGUQP FGTG 8GTFKGPUVG KO 5EJWV\ FGT )GUWPFJGKV FGU TWO·PKUEJGP 8QNMGU WPF KO 9CEJUVWO FGU 2TGUVKIGU FGT OGFK\KPK UEJGP 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP IGNGKUVGV JCDGP
1TFGP ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVŋ /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP FGT FGT WPF -NCUUG XGTIQNFGV D\Y XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV LGYGKNU CP 2GPVCIQPCNDCPFURCPIG WPF KO 'VWK &C\W /GFCKNNG \WO ,CJTGU VCI FGT 2TQMNCOCVKQP FGT 4GRWDNKM CP $CPFURCPIG 45 <- 5VÒEM ++
)GUVKHVGV CO FWTEJ &ET 2 /#0 WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $ 1H 0T &GT 1TFGP YWTFG HÒT VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGP DGYCHHPGVGP 1TICPGP #TOGG WPF +PPGPOKPKUVGTKWO XGTNKGJGP &KG -NCUUG HÒT FKG HÒT WPF FKG HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG $GK &KGPUV\GKVGP ÒDGT ,CJTGP YWTFG FKG + -NCUUG LGYGKNU PCEJ HÒPH YGKVGTGP ,CJTGP YKGFGT XGTNKGJGP &KG &KGPUVLCJTG YWTFGP CD #WIWUV D\Y HÒT (TGKYKNNKIG FGT &KXKUKQP 6WFQT 8NCFKOKTG UEW &GDTGVKP CD 1MVQDGT FGO 6CI FGT )TÒPFWPI FGT &KXKUKQP KP FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP IGTGEJPGV &CU 8GTVGKFK IWPIU D\Y FCU +PPGPOKPKUVGTKWO MQPPVG GKP HTÒJGTGU &CVWO CNU FCU &KGPUVGKPVTKVVUFCVWO GKPGT 2GTUQP CNU $GTGEJ PWPIUITWPFNCIG HÒT FKG &KGPUV\GKV XQTUEJNCIGP &GT 1TFGP JCV FTGK -NCUUGP 9GIGP PFGTWPI FGT 5VCCVUHQTO YWTFGP FKG $WEJUVCDGP ō424ŋ FWTEJ ō454ŋ GTUGV\V &CU 1TFGPUDCPF CNNGT -NCU UGP KUV PWP INGKEJ GU DGHKPFGV UKEJ PWT PQEJ GKP TQVGT /KVVGNUVTGKHGP CWH FGP $·PFGTP &KG FWPMGNDNCWGP 5GKVGPUVTGK HGP UKPF PWP GKPG 0WCPEG JGNNGT WPF GTUEJGKPGP PWP PKEJV OGJT UEJYCT\ &KG +PVGTKOURCPIGP JCDGP LGFQEJ FKG #P\CJN FGT /KVVGNUVTGKHGP GPVURTGEJGPF KJTGT -NCUUG
2CCT 5EJWNVGTUVÒEMG GKPGU &TGKUVGTPG )GPGTCNU WPF -TCIGPURKGIGN 5VKEMGTGKGP
5VÒEM ++
141
RUSSLAND
8646 1:1
Rv.-Punze
8646 1:1
4755.#0& <#4'067/ 4755.#0& $+5
1TFGP FGU JN #RQUVGNU #PFTGCU FGU 'TUVDGTWHGPGP $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEM UGKVG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV Ô? WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G ō ## ŋ CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG FKGUG OKV GK PGT -QMQUJPKM 2WP\G XQP DKU RWP\KGTV -.' 10 447 80 <- ++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP CO ,WPK 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 'KPG PQTFCOGTKMCPKUEJG 2TKXCV UCOONWPI 0T $GK FGO \YGKVGP $WEJUVCDGP FGT /GKUVGTRWP\G FGT PWT VNY GTMGPPDCT KUV JCPFGNV GU UKEJ GPVYGFGT WO GKP ō$ŋ QFGT WO GKP ō2ŋ UQ FC FKGUG GPVYGFGT ōÔ$ŋ QFGT ōÔ2ŋ NCWVGV
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO 9GKGP #FNGT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV <CT 0KMQNCWU + 444 ++
8648
8651 8649
8650 1:1
1TFGP XQO JN )GQTI -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQPTKPIG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOC NGTGK QJPG LGINKEJG 2WP\KGTWPI QJPG $CPF <- +p++
5GJT SWCNKV·VUXQNNG PKEJV TWUUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI KP DGUVGT 'TJCNVWPI
1TFGP XQO JN )GQTI -TGW\ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG $CPF <- ++
1TFGP XQO JN )GQTI 4GFWMVKQP FGU -TGW\GU +8 -NCUUG &WTEJOGUUGT OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG 2WP\KGTWPI CP MWT\GO )QNFMGVVEJGP ++
5V )GQTIU 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ FGU 1TFGPU XQO JN )GQTI 5V )GQTIU 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ + -NCUUG $TQP\G CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG PWOOGTKGTV ō ŋ WPF ōÆŋ WPF ō/ŋ <GKEJGP HÒT WPGFNGU /GVCNN CO PGWGP $CPF +++
142
RUSSLAND
Rv.-Punze 8652 8652
1TFGP FGU #RQUVGNINGKEJGP JGKNKIGP (ÒTUVGP 9NCFKOKT $TWUVUVGTP \WT WPF -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP
FKG YQJN PCEJOQPVKGTV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FGT 5EJTKHVTKPI MQORNGVV NCEMKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G "ÝÄÓÀÐÄÚ" FGT (KTOC 'FWCTF KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI /GKUVGTOCTMG "ÂÄ" HÒT 8CTXCTC 2GVTQXPC &KGVYCNF <QNQVPKMK -QMQUJPKM 5KNDGTRWP\G XQP DKU WPF FTGK FCXQP \YGK KP FGP 5VGTPURKV\GP -QMQUJPKM 2WP\GP XQP DKU CP 0CFGN <- +++
8653
1TFGP FGU #RQUVGNINGKEJGP JGKNKIGP (ÒTUVGP 9NCFKOKT 4GFWMVKQP FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG LGINKEJG 2WP\KGTWPI CO CNVGP 2GPVC IQPCNDCPF ++
8654
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP #PPC /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP KPQHHK\KGNNG /GVCNNCWUHÒJTWPI DKU OKV -TQPG 5KNDGTIW DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG OKP #WUDTÒEJG KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG FGU /GFCKNNQPTKPIU GKP $WEJUVCDG HGJNV FKG -TQPG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV YWTFG UR·VGT JKP\WIGHÒIV QJPG LGINKEJG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\GP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN <- ++ &C DKU QHHK\KGNN PWT IGUVKEMVG $TWUVUVGTPG XGTNKGJGP YWTFGP UKPF OWVGP UKEJ FKG $GNKGJGPGP UGNDUV FKG $TWUV UVGTPG KP /GVCNN DGUEJCHHGP UQ UKG UQNEJG YÒPUEJVGP &KG -TQPG FÒTHVG GTUV PCEJ KP FGT \YGKVGP *·NHVG FGU <YCP\KIUVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU CPIGDTCEJV YQTFGP UGKP FGPP DGK 'ZGORNCTGP OKV -TQPG HGJNV FKGUG PQTOCNGTYGKUG KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI
143
RUSSLAND
8655 1:1
8655 1:1 Rv.-Punze
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP #PPC /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP QHHK\KGNNG /GVCNNCWUHÒJTWPI UGKV 5KNDGTIW VNY GOCKNNKGTV /GFCKNNQP WO u XGTFTGJV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC -GKDGN &QRRGNCFNGT HÒT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU WPF 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT 5KNDGTRWP\G <QNQVPKMK XQP DKU CP 0CFGN <- ++
Punze in der Öse
8656 1:1
8656 1:1
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP #PPC /QFGNN -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG WPVGT FGT 'OCKNNG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G "ÝÄÓÀÐÄÚ" FGT (KTOC 'FWCTF KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI WPF /GKUVGTOCTMG "ÂÄ" HÒT 8CTXCTC 2GVTQXPC &KGVYCNF KP FGT ¤UG <QNQVPKMK -QMQUEJPKM )QNFRWP\G XQP DKU OKV FGP $WEJUVCDGP ō#2ŋ HÒT # 4KEJVGT 2TQDKGTOGKUVGT KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI FKG TÒEMUGKVKIG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK GVYCU \GTMTCV\V OKV WPMQPHGMVKQPKGTVGO UR·VGTGO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO <CTGPCFNGT <- ++ #WHITWPF FGT 2WP\G "ÂÄ" N·V UKEJ FKG *GTUVGNNWPIU\GKV FGU 5VÒEMGU CWH DKU GKPITGP\GP 6COOCPP HÒJTV KP 642 5 CWU FCU 8CTXCTC 2GVTQXPC &KGVYCNF 9KVYG XQP 'FWCTF (GTPCFQYKEJ &KGVYCNF FKG (KTOC PCEJ FGUUGP 6QF ÒDGTPQOOGP JCV 0CEJ 7OYCPFNWPI FGT (KTOC KP GKPG #MVKGPIGUGNNUEJCHV ÒDGTPCJO &KOKVTK +XCPQXKEJ 1UKRQX FKG /CLQTKV·V FGT (KTOC FKG CDGT YGKVGTJKP WPVGT FGO 0COGP 'FWCTF HKTOKGTVG
144
RUSSLAND
8659
8658 1:1 8657
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP #PPC /QFGNN -TGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG WPVGT FGT 'OCKNNG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G "ÝÄÓÀÐÄÚ" FGT (KTOC 'FWCTF KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI FKG /GKUVGTOCTMG FWTEJ FCU HGUVIGP·JVG $CPF CDIGFGEMV GKPG 8GT\KGTWPI \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP JGTCWUIGDTQEJGP KP FGT ¤UG \GKVNKEJ PKEJV \W\WQTFPGPFG <QNQVPKMK )QNFRWP\G CO QTKIK PCNGP CNVGP $QIGPDCPF UEJYGFKUEJGT 0·JCTV <- +++
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP #PPC /QFGNN /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /G FCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV DGKFUGKVKI 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG CO $·PFEJGP ++
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP #PPC /QFGNN #D\GKEJGP HÒT FGP 5CPMV #PPGP 5·DGN HÒT 0KEJVEJTK UVGP $TQP\G PGW GOCKNNKGTV &C\W $TQP\GOGFCKNNG HÒT FGP -TKGI OKV $CPF 5VÒEM ++
Punzen
8660 1:1
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU /QFGNN #WUICDG EC -TGW\ FGT -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV ō#-ŋ HÒT #NDGTV -GKDGN WPF &QRRGNCFNGT FGT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU KP FGT ¤UG 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT <QNQVPKMK )QNFRWP\G XQP DKU KO $CPFTKPI 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT 5VCFVRWP\G QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF <- ++
#PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP ,CJTGP DKU 8QP DKU JCVVG #NDGTV -GKDGN CNU QHHK\KGNNGT 1TFGPULWYGNKGT GKPGP 'ZMNWUKXXGTVTCI OKV FGO 1TFGPUMCRKVGN &GT XQP -ÌPKI 5VCPKUNCY ++ #WIWUV 2QPKC VQYUMK IGUVKHVGVG MÌPKINKEJ RQNPKUEJG 1TFGP XQO JN 5VCPKUNCWU YWTFG FWTEJ FKG 5VCVWVGP XQO ,WPK WPVGT FKG MCKUGTNKEJ TWUUKUEJGP 1TFGP CWHIGPQOOGP &KG WTURTÒPINKEJG -NCUUG YWTFG CDIGUEJCHHV +P FGP ,CJTGP JCVVG FGT 1TFGP PWT FKG -NCUUG +P FGT *KGTCTEJKG FGT TWUUKUEJGP 1TFGP UVCPF GT CP WPVGTUVGT 5VGNNG CDGT UGKPG -NCUUG +: 6UEJKP TCPIKGTVG JÌJGT CNU FKG -NCUUG FGU 5V #PPC 1TFGPU WPF UGKPG -NCUUG +8 6UEJKP JÌJGT CNU FKG -NCUUG FGU 5V #PPC 1TFGPU WPF FKG -NCUUG FGU 5V 9NCFKOKT 1TFGPU #NU DGUQPFGTGT )PCFGPGT YGKU MQPPVGP FKG WPF -NCUUG XQP DKU OKV MCKUGTNKEJGT -TQPG XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP
145
RUSSLAND
8663 1:1
8663 1:1 8661 1:1
Punzen 8662 1:1
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP QHHK\KGNNG /GVCNN CWUHÒJTWPI UGKV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT XGTIQNFGVGP 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG \GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC -GKDGN &QRRGNCFNGT HÒT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU WPF 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT 5KNDGTRWP\G <QNQVPKMK XQP DKU CP 0CFGN FKGUG GDGPHCNNU OKV &QRRGNCFNGT -GKDGN /CTMG WPF 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT 5KNDGTRWP\G <QNQVPKMK XQP DKU UQYKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ NGV\VGTG GDGPUQ CO 0CFGNJCMGP <- ++
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU /QFGNN #WUICDG EC -TGW\ FGT -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV ō#-ŋ HÒT #NDGTV -GKDGN WPF &QRRGNCFNGT FGT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU KP FGT ¤UG <QNQVPKMK -QMQUJPKM )QNF RWP\G XQP DKU OKV FGO 2TQDKGTOGKUVGT\GKEJGP "ßË" HÒT ;CMQX .[CRWPQX 2TQDKGTOGKUVGT KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CO CNVGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV <- ++
&C ;CMQX .[CRWPQX NCWV 6COOCP KP 642 5 PWT XQP DKU CNU 2TQDKGTOGKUVGT V·VKI YCT JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FKGUGO <GKVTCWO
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU /QFGNN #WUICDG #FNGT OKV CWU IGDTGKVGVGP (NÒIGNP EC -TGW\ FGT -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP DGTKGDGP 'OCKNNGUEJCFGP KO TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNGP QJPG 2WP\KGTWPI KO -TGW\ ¤UG HGJNV QJPG $CPF <- XCT ++ 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJG PKEJV QHHK\KGNNG #PHGTVKIWPI \YKUEJGP WPF EC 0CEJ FGO 6QF 'OOCPWGN )GQTIU XQP 2CPPCUEJ HÒJTVGP FKG KJO PCEJHQNIGPFGP QHHK\KGNNGP 1TFGPULWYGNKGTG -GKDGN -·OOGTGT EC FKG PCEJ QDGP IGTKEJVGVGP #FNGT (NÒIGN GKP 'KPKIG RTKXCVG *GTUVGNNGT LGFQEJ DGJKGNVGP FKG YGKV CWUIGDTGKVGVGP 5EJYKPIGP FGT #FNGT DKU WO DGK
146
RUSSLAND
8664
8665
8666 8669
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU /QFGNN #WUICDG EC -TGW\ FGT -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG $CPF <- ++
/GFCKNNG HÒT 'KHGT /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT #NGZCPFGT +++ #WUHÒJTWPI )TQG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT\GKEJGP "#Ã" HÒT #XGPKT )TKGIQTKGYKVEJ )TKNKEJGU 5T KO *CNUCDUEJPKVV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP *CNUDCPF 447 $ ++
/GFCKNNG HÒT 'KHGT /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV <CT 0KMQNCWU ++ -NGKPG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF 4147 # ++
/GFCKNNG HÒT FGP 4WUUKUEJ 6ÒTMKUEJGP -TKGI /GFCKNNG KP JGNNGT $TQP\G HÒT FKG 6GKNPGJOGT CP FGP 5EJNCEJVGP WPF )GHGEJVGP FGT -CWMCUKUEJGP (TQPV QFGT KO 5EJYCT\OGGT CO PGWGP $CPF &C\W /GFCKNNG HÒT FKG $GHTGKWPI XQP $WNICTKGP $TQP\GIW CO PGWGP $CPF 447 5VÒEM ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG 4GIKGTWPI <CT #NGZCPFGTU +++ 5KNDGT QJPG $CPF
+PQHHK\KGNNG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 'KPJWPFGTVLCJTHGKGT FGU 5KGIGU <CT #NGZCPFGTU + ÒDGT 0CRQN¾QP $TQP\G CO $CPF ++
++
8670 1:1
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU TWUUKUEJGP 1HHK\KGTU OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 1TFGT FGT JN #PPC -TGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG WPVGT FGT 'OCKNNG RWP\KGTV ō#-ŋ HÒT #NDGTV -GKDGN WPF &QRRGNCFNGT FGT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU KP FGT ¤UG <QNQVPKMK -QMQUEJPKM )QNFRWP\G XQP DKU OKV FGO 2TQDKGTOGKUVGT\GKEJGP "ßË" HÒT ;CMQX .[CRWPQX 2TQDKGTOGKUVGT KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI 1TFGP XQO JN 5VCPKUNCWU -TGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV ō#-ŋ HÒT #NDGTV -GKDGN WPF &QRRGNCFNGT FGT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU KP FGT ¤UG <QNQVPKMK -QMQUEJPKM )QNFRWP\G XQP DKU 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG 4GIKGTWPI <CT #NGZCPFGT +++ 5KNDGT 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT &[PCUVKG 4QOCPQY $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV /QDKNKUCVKQPU /GFCKNNG ++ ;CMQX .[CRWPQX YCT NCWV 6COOCP KP 642 5 CNU 2TQDKGTOGKUVGT PWT XQP DKU V·VKI
147
RUSSLAND
8671 1:1
<#4'067/ 4755.#0& #$<'+%*'0
7PDGMCPPVGU #D\GKEJGP CWH <CTKP -CVJCTKPC ++ )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV "KÔ" YQJN HÒT -CTN (CDGTI¾ WPF /QUMCWGT 2WP\G HÒT <QNQVPKMK )QNF XQP DKU CP 0CFGN +p++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP CO ,WPK 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 'KPG PQTFCOGTKMCPKUEJG 2TKXCV UCOONWPI 0T
8674 1:1 8677
8672
8673 1:1
8675 8676
8678
4GIKOGPVUCD\GKEJGP FGU .GVVKUEJGP 5EJÒV\GP 4GIKOGPVU #WUICDG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV 8GTUKNDGTWPI VNY XGTICPIGP CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG FCTCWH *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ō!$#0-ŋ KP 4KIC 2$ ++
)TCFWKGTWPIU #D\GKEJGP FGU 2QN[VGEJPKUEJGP +PUVKVWVU "ÐÏÈ" KP 4KIC 4GFW\KGTVG #WUHÒJTWPI Z OO )QNF I QJPG 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG 44 ++
&CU #D\GKEJGP KUV DGK 2CVTKMGGX WPF $QLPQXKEJ 2$ 2$ 2$ UQ PKEJV CDIGDKNFGV
#D\GKEJGP FGU /QUMCWGT 4GIKOGPVU FGT .GKDICTFG /KPKCVWT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG CWH FKGUGT *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 9KNJGNO &GWOGT KP .ÒFGP UEJGKF ++
#D\GKEJGP FGT 5VCCVNKEJGP /KNK\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV /QPQITCOO <CT 0KMQNCWU ++ $TQP\G 0CFGN CDIG DTQEJGP 2$ +++
#OVUMGVVG OKV #D\GKEJGP HÒT 4KEJVGT &CVKGTV 0QXGODGT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV
#OVUCD\GKEJGP 9QJN HÒT #PY·NVG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV OKV 5EJTCWDG WPF 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG OKV CPJ·PIGP FGT MWT\GT -GVVG ++
#OVUCD\GKEJGP /KV ITQGO <CTGPCFNGT OKV 9CRRGP CWH FGP (NÒIGNP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV OKV 5EJTCWDG WPF 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG OKV CPJ·PIGPFGT MWT\GT -GVVG ++
148
++
SCHWEDEN
8680
8679
70+10 &'4 51<+#.+56+5%*'0 519,'64'27$.+-'0 519,'670+10
#D\GKEJGP FGT TWUUKUEJGP /KNKV·TOKUUKQP DGK FGP 0ÒTPDGTIGT 2TQ\GUUGP DKU ! $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG WPFGWVNKEJ RWP\KGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG 4 ++
#D\GKEJGP Î.Ã.Ï.Ó. $TQP\G FKG 'OCKNNG ITÌVGPVGKNU CDIGRNCV\V CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG +++
-QPXQNWV XQP FTGK UQYLGVKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 1TFGP ō<GKEJGP FGT 'JTGŋ 1TFGP FGU 4QVGP #TDGKVUDCPPGTU 1TFGP XQO 4QVGP 5VGTP LGYGKNU 5KNDGT VGKNU VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV LGYGKNU CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG PWOOGTKGTV FKG GTUVGP DGKFGP CP 2GPVCIPQPCNDCPFURCPIG FKG FTKVVG OKV 5EJTCWDG WPF 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG &C\W (TCP\ÌUKUEJG /GFCKNNG /¾TKVG %KXKSWG XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF OKV 4QUGVVG 5VÒEM ++
.+6'4#674
1TFGPUNKVGTCVWT -QPXQNWV XQP /QPQITCHKGP \W TWUUKUEJGP 1TFGP W C XQP $GTIJOCP &WTQX Z )NCFMQX /QNNQ WPF 5KOQPQX <CMCVQX )CP\NGKPGP Z -CTVQPKGTV Z $TQUEJKGTV Z 5VÒEM ++
8683 1:1
-¤0+)4'+%* 5%*9'&'0
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN FGU 1TFGPU UGKV )TQMTGW\ Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FGU NKPMGP WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU UQYKG KP \YGK -TGW\URKV\GP CNVG 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWTGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OGJTGTG #WUDTÒEJG %JKRU WPF $GUEJ·FKIWPIGP KP FGT YGKGP WPF DNCWGP 'OCKNNG CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF <- 44 ++ 'ZVTGO UGNVGPG HTÒJG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO GTUVGP 8KGTVGN FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU KP GKPGT HÒT FCU JQJG #NVGT FGU 'ZGORNCTU QTFGPVNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPI
149
SCHWEDEN
8685 1:1
8684 1:1
8684 1:1
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN FGU 1TFGPU UGKV )TQMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I KO 8QTFGTUGKVGP /GFCKNNQP \YGK QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGMTCV\GT QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF <- ++
5GJT SWCNKV·VUXQNNG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO \YGKVGP &TKVVGN FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 'TJCNVWPI #O (GDTWCT UVKHVGVG -ÌPKI (TGFTKM + XQP 5EJYGFGP CWU FGO *CWUG *GUUGP -CUUGN FGP \WP·EJUV \YGKMNCUUKIGP -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP \WUCOOGP OKV FGO -ÌPKINKEJGP 5GTCRJKO 1TFGP WPF FGO -ÌPKINK EJGP 5EJYGTVQTFGP TGQTICPKUKGTVG -ÌPKI )WUVCX +++ FGP 1TFGP KPFGO GT GKP )TQMTGW\ UVKHVGVG YQDGK FKG +PJCDGT FKGUGT -NCUUG ō-QOOCPFGWT OKV )TQMTGW\ŋ IGPCPPV YWTFGP UVKHVGVG GT HÒT -TKGIU\GKVGP FKG -NCUUG FGT 4KVVGT OKV FGO )TQGP -TGW\ -NCUUG FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU 4KVVGTMTGW\ CO *CNU OKV CWHTGEJV UVGJGPFGO 5EJYGTV CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUV FKG FWTEJ -ÌPKI -CTN :+++ WO FKG -NCUUG FGT 4KVVGT OKV FGO )TQGP -TGW\ FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU 4KVVGTMTGW\ CO *CNU OKV IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUV GTYGKVGTV YWTFG #O ,WPK UVKHVGVG -ÌPKI 1UECT + FCU CHHKNKKGTVG 5EJYGTV\GKEJGP WPF FKG CHHKNKKGTVG 5EJYGTVOGFCKNNG HÒT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP +O /CK YWTFG -CKUGT 9KNJGNO + XQP -ÌPKI 1UECT ++ GKPG IQNFGPG 5EJYGTVOGFCKNNG XGTNKGJGP FKG \YCT GDGPHCNNU IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP YCT CDGT PWT GKP OCN XGTNKGJGP YWTFG GDGP CP -CKUGT 9KNJGNO + XIN '8 5 H -ÌPKI %CTN :8 UVKHVGVG GKPGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT WPF -ÌPKI 1UECT ++ WPVGTVGKNVG CWU #PNC UGKPGT -TÌPWPI FKG -QOOCPFGWTG KP -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG OKV $TWUVUVGTP WPF -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG
QJPG $TWUVUVGTP CD ō-QOOCPFGWTŋ IGPCPPV YQDGK NGV\VGTG DKU \WO 5GRVGODGT #WUN·PFGTP XQTDG JCNVGP YCT $GTGKVU YCTGP FKG DKU FCJKP IGUVKEMVGP $TWUVUVGTPG QHHK\KGNN KP /GVCNNUVGTPG WOIGYCPFGNV YQTFGP FGTGP #TOHN·EJGP DKU DTKNNCPVKGTV XQP DKU IGUEJWRRV WPF UGKV FKGUGO <GKVRWPMV INCVV YCTGP /KV FGP PGWGP 5VCWVGP XQO 0QXGODGT YWTFG CWEJ FKG 4KVVGTMNCUUG KP 4KVVGT -NCUUG WPF 4KVVGT -NCUUG CD ō4KVVGTŋ IGPCPPV WPVGTVGKNV YQDGK NGV\VGTG \WP·EJUV GDGPHCNNU PWT #WUN·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP YCT YWTFG FCU 5EJYGTV\GKEJGP QJPG 5EJYGTVGT XQP -ÌPKI 1UECT ++ IGUVKHVGV #O /·T\ GTNKG -ÌPKI )WUVCX 8+ #FQNH PGWG 5VCVWVGP OKV FGPGP HÒT -TKGIU\GKVGP GKP FTGKMNCUUKIGU CHHKNKKGTVGU -TKGIUMTGW\ FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU IGUVKHVGV YWTFG #WH $GUEJNW FGU 5EJYGFKUEJGP 4GKEJUVCIGU XQO ,WPK YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU OKV 9KTMWPI XQO ,CPWCT IGPGTGNN GKPIGUVGNNV
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN FGU 1TFGPU UGKV $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ #WUICDG
QHHK\KGNN PWT KP IGUVKEMVGT #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT #WHNCIGP )QNF HGKPUV ITCXKGTV WPF \KUGNKGTV VNY GOCKN NKGTV \YGK CNVG 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWTGP KO /GFCKNNQP CP 0CFGN <- ++ 5GJT SWCNKV·VUXQNNG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO \YGKVGP &TKVVGN FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU $KU YWTFGP KP 5EJYGFGP QHHK\KGNN PWT IGUVKEMVG $TWUVUVGTPG DGK FGT 8GTNGKJWPI XGTIGDGP /GVCNNCWUHÒJTWPIGP NKGGP UKEJ FKG $GNKGJGPGP CNU <YGKVUVÒEMG CPHGTVKIGP
150
SCHWEDEN
8687
8688
8686
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ CD 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF CWH FGO 4CPF FGU TGEJVGP WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō%(%ŋ HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO ō -ŋ HÒT EV QJPG ,CJTGURWP\G CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU %CTNOCP <- +p++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ CD 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF WPF 6TCIGURCPIG CWH FGO 4CPF FGU TGEJVGP WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō%(%ŋ HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO ō -ŋ HÒT EV QJPG ,CJTGURWP\G CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU %CTNOCP <- ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ CD 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF CWH FGO 4CPF FGU TGEJVGP QDGTGP -TGW\CTOU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō%(%ŋ HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO ō -ŋ HÒT EV OKV ,CJTGURWP\G ō7 ŋ HÒT CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF <- ++
8690
8689
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ CD 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO 1TKIKPCNDCPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG <- ++
'ZGORNCTG KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV UKPF YGKVCWU UGNVGPGT \W HKPFGP CNU 'ZGORNCTG KP )QNF
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV 5EJYGTVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP UGKV #WU ICDG OKV IQNFGPGO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP 5KNDGT 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT #MCPVJWU #ITCHHG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō%(%ŋ HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT %CTNOCP WPF ō5ŋ HÒT 5KNDGT CO CNVGP $QIGPDCPF UEJYGFKUEJGT 0·JCTV OKV 0CFGN <- ++
151
SCHWEDEN
8691
8693
8692
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV 5EJYGTVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP UGKV #WU ICDG OKV IQNFGPGO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP 5KNDGT 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 2WP \KGTWPI CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO <- ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV 5EJYGTVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP UGKV #WU ICDG OKV IQNFGPGO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP 5KNDGT 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 2WP \KGTWPI CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO <- ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 0QTFUVGTPQTFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF CWH FGO 4CPF FGU GEJVGP -TGW\CTOU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō%(%ŋ HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO ō -ŋ HÒT EV WPF ,CJTGURWP\G ō) ŋ HÒT CO UEJYCT\GP $CPF KO GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU %CTNOCP <- +p++
#O (GDTWCT UVKHVGVG -ÌPKI (TGFTKM + XQP 5EJYGFGP CWU FGO *CWUG *GUUGP -CUUGN FGP \WP·EJUV \YGKMNCUUKIGP -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP \WUCOOGP OKV FGO -ÌPKINKEJGP 5GTCRJKO 1TFGP WPF FGO -ÌPKINK EJGP 5EJYGTVQTFGP UVKHVGVG -ÌPKI )WUVCX +++ -QNNCPGP HÒT FKG -QOOCPFGWTG -ÌPKI 1UECT + UVKHVGVG FKG )TQMTGW\MNCUUG IGPCPPV ō-QOOCPFGWT OKV )TQMTGW\ŋ -ÌPKI %CTN :8 UVKHVGVG GKPGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT WPF -ÌPKI 1UECT ++ WPVGTVGKNVG CWU #PNC UGKPGT -TÌPWPI FKG -QOOCPFGWTG KP -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG OKV $TWUVUVGTP WPF -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG QJPG $TWUVUVGTP CD ō-QOOCPFGWTŋ IGPCPPV YQDGK NGV\VGTG DKU #WUN·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP YCT $GTGKVU YCTGP FKG DKU FCJKP IGUVKEMVGP $TWUVUVGTPG QHHK\KGNN KP /GVCNNUVGTPG WOIGYCPFGNV YQTFGP FGTGP #TOHN·EJGP DKU DTKNNCPVKGTV XQP DKU IGUEJWRRV WPF UGKV FKGUGO <GKVRWPMV INCVV YCTGP +P DGUQPFGTGP (·NNGP MQPPVGP FKG +PUKIPKGP CNNGT -NCUUGP CWEJ ōOKV $TKNNCPVGPŋ XGT NKGJGP YGTFGP #WH $GUEJNW FGU 5EJYGFKUEJGP 4GKEJUVCIGU XQO ,WPK YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 0QTFUVGT PQTFGPU CP UEJYGFKUEJG 5VCCVUDÒTIGT OKV 9KTMWPI XQO ,CPWCT GKPIGUVGNNV /KV FGT 4GHQTO FGU UEJYGFK UEJGP 1TFGPUYGUGPU XQP YWTFG CWEJ FKG 4KVVGTMNCUUG KP 4KVVGT -NCUUG WPF 4KVVGT CWHIGVGKNV UQYKG GKPG PGWG $CPFHCTDG DNCW OKV IGNDGP 4CPFUVTGKHGP GKPIGHÒJTV YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI %CTN :8+ )WUVCX FKG FGO 1TFGP CHHKNKKGTVG 0QTFUVGTPOGFCKNNG IGUVKHVGV /KV &CVWO XQO #WIWUV GTJKGNV FGT 1TFGP PGWG 5VCVWVGP
8694
152
8695
-ÌPKINKEJGT 0QTFUVGTPQTFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF WPF 6TCIGURCPIG CWH FGO 4CPF FGU GEJVGP -TGW\CTOU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō%(%ŋ HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO ō -ŋ HÒT EV WPF ,CJTGURWP\G ō+ ŋ HÒT CO UEJYCT\GP $CPF KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU %CTNOCP <- +p++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 0QTFUVGTPQTFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /GFCKN NQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO UEJYCT\GP $CPF KO GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO <- ++
SCHWEDEN
8696 1:1
8697 1:1
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP Z OO )QNF HGKPUV ITCXKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I QJPG $CPF KO PKEJV \WIGJÌTKIGP 'VWK FGU ,WYGNKGTU ' , 'TKMUUQP KP *·TPÌUCPF <- 44 +p++ *GTXQTTCIGPFG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGT /KVVG FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU )GUVKHVGV CO /CK XQP -ÌPKI )WUVCX +++ CNU \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIGT -QOOCPFGWT OKV )TQMTGW\ -QOOCPFGWT 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG .CPFYKTVUEJCHV *CPFGN )GYGTDG WPF +PFWUVTKG -WPUV WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHV &WTEJ -ÌPKI 1UECT + GTJKGNVGP FCU -NGKPQF FGU )TQMTGW\GU WPF FKG -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP LGYGKNU GKPG MÌPKINKEJG -TQPG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI #O #RTKN TGQTICPKUKGTVG -ÌPKI %CTN :8 FGP 1TFGP ICD FGP +PUKIPKGP GKPG )GUVCNV WPF HÒJTVG GKPGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT GKP #WU #PNC UGKPGT -TÌPWPI VGKNVG -ÌPKI 1UECT ++ FKG -QOOCPFGWTMNCUUG KP -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG OKV $TWUVUVGTP WPF -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG QJPG $TWUVUVGTP CD ō-QOOCPFGWTŋ IGPCPPV YQDGK NGV\VGTG DKU \WO 5GRVGODGT #WUN·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP YCT $GTGKVU YCTGP FKG DKU FCJKP IGUVKEMVGP $TWUVUVGTPG QHHK\KGNN KP /GVCNNUVGTPG WOIGYCPFGNV YQTFGP FGTGP #TOHN·EJGP DKU DTKNNCPVKGTV XQP DKU IGUEJWRRV WPF UGKV FKGUGO <GKVRWPMV INCVV YCTGP /KV FGP PGWGP 5VCWVGP XQO 0QXGODGT YWTFG CWEJ FKG 4KVVGTMNCUUG KP 4KVVGT -NCUUG WPF 4KVVGT -NCUUG CD ō4KVVGTŋ IGPCPPV WPVGTVGKNV YQDGK NGV\VGTG \WP·EJUV GDGPHCNNU PWT #WUN·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP YCT #O 0QXGODGT UVKHVGVG 1UECT ++ FCU 9CUC\GKEJGP WPF FKG OGJTUVWHKIG 9CUC /GFCKNNG KP )QNF WPF 5KNDGT #O ,WPK DGUEJNQ FGT 4GKEJUVCI FCU UEJYGFKUEJG 2CTCNOGPV FC FKG UEJYGFKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF UQOKV CWEJ FGT 9CUC 1TFGP MÒPHVKI PWT PQEJ #WUN·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP UGK WPF OKV FGP PGWGP 5VCVWVGP FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP 1TFGP XQO #WIWUV YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 9CUC 1TFGPU YKG CWEJ FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU IGPGTGNN GKPIGUVGNNV
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP Z OO )QNF HGKPUV ITCXKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I CO PGWGP $CPF <- 44 ++ *GTXQTTCIGPFG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGT /KVVG FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU
8698
8699
8700
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CO NCPIGP CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF KO \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO <- ++p+++
#PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO NGV\VGP &TKVVGN FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 'TJCNVWPI
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CO PGWGP $CPFCDUEJPKVV KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEM JQNO <- ++
#PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO NGV\VGP &TKVVGN FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4CPF FGU NKPMGP -TGW\CTOU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō%(%ŋ HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO ō -ŋ HÒT EV QJPG ,CJTGURWP\G CO $CPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU %CTNOCP <- ++
153
SCHWEDEN
8701
8702
8703
8704
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō%(%ŋ HÒT FGP *GTUVGN NGT % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO ō - HÒT EV WPF ō6 ŋ HÒT CO $CPF KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU %CTNOCP <- +p++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I QJPG 2WP\KGTWPIGP CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $CPF <- ++
#FNKIGU ,WPIHTCWGPUVKHV \W 8CFUVGPC .QXKUC 7NTKMC 'JTGP\GKEJGP ·NVGTG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV TQV YGKGP (NCOOGP \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 5EJWNVGT DCPF ++
*GTXQTTCIGPFG #PHGTVKIWPI YQJN CWU FGT \YGKVGP *·NHVG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU #O /CK GTJKGNVGP FKG GTUVGP 5VKHVUHT·WNGKP FGU DGTGKVU IGITÒPFGVGP CDGT PQEJ PKEJV GTTKEJVGVGP ,WPI HTCWGPUVKHVGU 1VVKNKCPC )T·HKP .CIGTDGTI IGD 8GNNKPIM CNU GTUVG DVKUUKP IGUV %JCTNQVVC *COKNVQP CH *C IGD[ WPF /CTKC (CNMGPDGTI CH 6T[UVQTR CWU FGT *CPF XQP -ÌPKIKP .QXKUC 7NTKMC XQP 5EJYGFGP FGT IGDQTGPGP 2TKP\GUUKP .QWKUG 7NTKMG XQP $TCPFGPDWTI 2TGWGP WPF 5EJYGUVGT (TKGFTKEJU FGU )TQGP FKG PGW IG UVKHVGVGP +PUKIPKGP (ÒT IKDV )TKV\PGT KP )& GKPG <CJN XQP 5VKHVUFCOGP CP
#FNKIGU ,WPIHTCWGPUVKHV \W 8CFUVGPC .QXKUC 7NTKMC 'JTGP\GKEJGP ·NVGTG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV TQV YGKGP (NCOOGP \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV 5EJNGKHG HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK OGJ TGTG MCWO UKEJVDCTG 'OCKNNGEJKRU KP FGT FWPMGNDNCWGP 'OCKNNG FGU 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQPU CP CNVGT &COGPUEJNGKHG ++
*GTXQTTCIGPFG #PHGTVKIWPI YQJN CWU FGT \YGKVGP *·NHVG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU
#FNKIGU ,WPIHTCWGPUVKHV \W 8CFUVGPC .QXKUC 7NTKMC 'JTGP\GKEJGP ·NVGTG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV TQV YGKGP (NCOOGP \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ CWH FGT 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU -TÌPEJGP FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG HGJNV QJPG $CPF ++
8706
8708
#FNKIGU ,WPIHTCWGPUVKHV \W 8CFUVGPC .QXKUC 7NTKMC 'JTGP\GKEJGP LÒPIGTG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV IQNF YGK GP (NCOOGP \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO CNVGP *CNU DCPF ++
*GTXQTTCIGPFG #PHGTVKIWPI YQJN WO &KG UR·VGTGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP UKPF YGKVCWU UGNVGPGT \W HKPFGP CNU FKG ·NVGTGP
#OCTCPVJGP 1TFGP -QPXQNWV XQP \YGK 1TFGPUMTGW\GP \YGK /KPKCVWTGP WPF GKPGT /GFCKNNG LGYGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU CP $·PFEJGP 5VÒEM ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO L·JTKIGP 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO -ÌPKI 1UMCTU ++ KO ,CJTG )QNFGPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP OKV JGNNDNCWGT 'OCKNNG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VGKNYGKUG GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF 4 ++
6JQTPKV HÒJTV KP 6*1 5 CWU FC FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO L·JTKIGP 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO -ÌPKI 1UMCTU ++ KO ,CJTG KP FGT #WUHÒJTWPI KP XGTIQNFGVGO 5KNDGT OKV JGNNDNCWGT 'OCKNNG CWUUEJNKGNKEJ CP /KVINKGFGT FGT MÌPKINK EJGP (COKNKG WPF CP MÌPKINKEJG WPF HÒTUVNKEJG )·UVG FGT (GKGTNKEJMGKVGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV +PUIGUCOV KUV FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP FKGUGT (QTO OCN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP
154
SCHWEDEN
8709
8711
8710
8712
'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO L·JTKIGP 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO -ÌPKI 1UMCTU ++ KO ,CJTG 5KNDGTPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP OKV FWPMGNDNCWGT 'OCKNNG 5KNDGT VGKNYGKUG GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF 4 ++
6JQTPKV HÒJTV KP 6*1 5 CWU FC FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP FKGUGT #WUHÒJTWPI CP /KVINKGFGT FGU MÌPKINKEJGP *CWU JCNVU XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV +PUIGUCOV KUV FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP FKGUGT (QTO OCN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP
'JTGP\GKEJGP \WT )QNFGPGP *QEJ\GKV -ÌPKI 1UECTU ++ WPF -ÌPKIKP 5QRJKCU CO ,WPK 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF ++
6JQTPKV IKDV KP 6*1 5 CP FC XQP FKGUGO 'JTGP\GKEJGP PWT 5VÒEM CPIGHGTVKIV YQTFGP UKPF
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP 2CVTKQVKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV /QFGNN OKV FGO LÒPIGTGP 2QTVTCKV XQP -ÌPKI %CTN :8+ )WUVCX ! -NGKPG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG I OKV $CPF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T· IGTPCOG ō)'<# (+00#ŋ WPF 8GTNGKJWPIULCJT KO 4CPF OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ō/8ŋ )QNFRWP\G ō -ŋ WPF ,CJTGURWP\G ō) ŋ HÒT CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK 4 +p++
/KNKV·TKUEJGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP ō-1070) 1%* ( &'40'5.#0&ŋ )QNFGPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T·IGTPCOG ō% , 2'45510ŋ WPF &CVWO CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP 5VÒEM ++
8713
8716 1:1
8717 1:1
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO )GDWTVUVCI -ÌPKI )WUVCXU 8 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV 9CUC 1TFGP -NGKPG )QNFGPG 9CUC /GFCKNNG )TÌG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV -NGKPG )QNFGPG *QH 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG #WUHÒJTWPI )WUVCX 8+ #FQNH 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV 5KNDGTPG *QH 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG #WUHÒJTWPI )WUVCX 8+ #FQNH 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T·IGTPCOG / /GNCP FGT /GFCKNNG HÒT 'KHGT WPF 4GFNKEJMGKV KO 4GKEJUFKGPUV #WUHÒJTWPI )WUVCX 8 CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T·IGTPCOG ō/CTVKP ,WNKWU /GNCPFGTŋ #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF \YGK \WIGJÌTKIGP /KPKCVWTGP &CTWPVGT )QNFGPG WPF 5KNDGTPG -ÌPKIKP 8KEVQTKC /GFCKNNG )QNFGPG 2TKP\GUUKP 'WIGPKG /GFCKNNG )GF·EJVPKU 'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO )GDWTVUVCI -ÌPKI )WUVCXU 8 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG HÒT 'KHGT WPF 4GFNKEJMGKV KO 4GKEJUFKGPUV #WUICDG -ÌPKI )WUVCX 8 5KNDGTPG $GNQJPWPIUOGFCKNNG -NCUUG FGT -ÌPKINKEJ 2CVTKQVKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV #WUICDGP -ÌPKI 1UECT ++ WPF )WUVCX 8 Z 7PVGTUEJKGFNKEJG /GVCNNG CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV GKPG GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU OKV 6T·IGTPCOGP KP XQTYKGIGPF QTFGPVNKEJGT 'TJCNVWPI ITÌVGPVGKNU CP $·PFGTP UGEJU KP 'VWKU 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP CEJV UEJYGFKUEJGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP &CTWPVGT 'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO Z WPF \WO )GDWTVUVCI )WUVCXU 8 UQYKG )TQG )QNFGPG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV *QH 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG %CTNU :8+ )WUVCX WPF 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG )WUVCXU ++ #FQNH 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VNY XGTIQNFGV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
/+0+#674'0
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6TCIGMPQRH ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 0QTFUVGTPQTFGP /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PF EJGP ++
155
SCHWEDEN
8718 1:1
8719 1:1
8720 1:1
8724 1:1
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN /KPKCVWT FGT 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OGJTGTG MNGKPG 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG CWH 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG CO MWT\GP CNVGP $CPF 4 +++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV 6TCIGMPQRH ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO GVYCU \GTUEJNKUUGPGP $·PFEJGP OKV 6TCIGMPQRH ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV 6TCIGMPQRH ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV 6TCIGMPQRH ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP ++
/GFCKNNG .+66'4+5 '6 #46+$75 HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO .KVGTCVWT WPF -WPUV #WUICDG -ÌPKI 1UECTU ++ /KPKCVWT FGT )QNFGPGP /GFCKNNG )QNF \WUCOOGP OKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 9CUCQTFGPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CP <YGKGT /KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG CP 6TCIGMPQRH 5VÒEM 4 ++
8725 1:1
8726 1:1
/GFCKNNG ō.+66'4+5 '6 #46+$75ŋ HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO .KVGTCVWT WPF -WPUV #WUICDG -ÌPKI )WUVCX 8 /KPKCVWT FGT )QNFGPGP /GFCKNNG )QNF I QJPG $·PFEJGP 4 ++
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT -ÌPKINKEJ 2CVTKQVKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV /KPKCVWT FGT )QNFGPGP /GFCKNNG )QNF CO $·PFEJGP OKV 6TCIGMPQRH 4 ++
8727 1:1
156
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GKPGU UEJYGFKUEJGP /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIGP OKV UEJYGFKUEJGP WPF HKPPKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
SCHWEDEN
8728 1:1
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GKPGU UEJYGFKUEJGP 1HHK\KGTU OKV UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 5EJYGTVQT FGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 9CUCQTFGP /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV /GFCKNNG HÒT FKG 1N[ORKUEJGP 5RKGNG KP 5VQEMJQNO 5KNDGT 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGU .CPFUVWTOXGTDCPFGU XQP 8·UVOCPNCPF 5KNDGT 4WNCPF 5V #PPGPQTFGP -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK )TKGEJGPNCPF 'TNÌUGTQTFGP /QFGNN 5KNDGTPGU 4KVVGT -TGW\ 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK #P 6TCIGMPQRH ++
8729 1:1
8734 1:1
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP (NQVVKNNGPEJGHU -CRKV·P ,QJP 1NUGP OKV UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIU OKPKCVWTGP 5EJYGTVQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 5GGHCJTV #WUHÒJTWPI )WUVCX 8 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV )QNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT -ÌPKINKEJ 2CVTKQVKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV #WUHÒJTWPI )WUVCX 8+ #FQNH )QNF 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT /CTKPGDCUKU -CTNUMTQPC 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV 6T·IGTPCOGP 5VQEMJQNOGT /CTKPG 'JTGP\GKEJGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN ++
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGT MTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FTGK UEJYGFKUEJG 'JTGP\GKEJGP (KPPNCPF 2TQ $GPKIPKVCVG *WOCPC /GFCKNNG FGU (KPPKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP &CTWPVGT \YGK 4QV -TGW\ /GFCKNNGP LGYGKNU 5KNDGT QFGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV #P 6TCIGMPQRH 5VÒEM ++
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP CP &COGPUEJNGKHEJGP 8KGT UEJYGFKUEJG GKPG HKPPKUEJG WPF GKPG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #WU\GKEJPWPI FKG GTUVGP XKGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV #P 0CFGN ++
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO )GDWTVUVCI -ÌPKI )WUVCXU 8 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 5VCFV 5VQEMJQNO (KPPNCPF (TGKJGKVUMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV FGO 4QVGP -TGW\ (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5VÒEM ++
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV \YGK #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 0QTFUVGTP 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ 9CUC 1TFGP /QFGNN DKU 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP DGKFG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP /KPKCVWTGP &CTWPVGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU Z 9CUCQTFGP /QFGNN /KPKCVWT FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU Z XGTUEJKGFGPG UEJYGFKUEJG 'JTGP\GKEJGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG CWEJ )QNF WPF 5KNDGT VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV GKPG OKV 'OCKNNGUEJ·FGP LGYGKNU CP $·PFEJGP QFGT OKV 5EJNGKHG UKGDGP 5VÒEM CP FTGK /KPKCVWTURCPIGP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP UEJYGFKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP &CTWPVGT )QNFGPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO -ÌPKI 1UECTU OKV JGNNDNCWGT 'OCKNNG WPF HTÒJGU 5EJYGTVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGT VGTP FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU &C\W \YGK YGKVGTG /KPKCVWTGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG OGKUV 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU CP $·PFEJGP ++
157
SERBIEN UND JUGOSLAWIEN
8738 1:1
8740 1:1
8739 1:1
8737
5'4$+'0 70& ,7)15.#9+'0 (ª456'067/ 70& -¤0+)4'+%* 5'4$+'0
1TFGP XQO 9GKGP #FNGT =1ðäåí ÁGëî³ Îðëà? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG UGKV &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGP -TQPGP 2GPFKNKGP OKP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ KO 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF %/- 9'++ 8 <- ++p .CWV %CT WPF /WJKE KP %#/ 5 CJPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU
1TFGP XQO 9GKGP #FNGT =1päeí ÁGëî³ Îðëà? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG UGKV /KPKCVWT FGT &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP ++ 1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN FGT *GKNKIG KO TQVGP )GYCPF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG /QPQITCOO /KNCPU + /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU +8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG $·PFEJGP ++
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO TQVGP )G YCPF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU +8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG $·PFEJGP ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG + DKU 8 -NCUUG 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG $KNFWPI WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHV .KVGTCVWT WPF 5EJÌPGP -ÒPUVG )NCWDGP WPF -KTEJG YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI /KNCP + 1DTGPQXKE OKV FGO )GUGV\ ÒDGT 1TFGP WPF /GFCKNNGP XQP ,CPWCT IGUVKHVGV /QFGNN 'T YWTFG DGPCPPV PCEJ 4CUVMQ 0GOCPLKE LÒPIUVGT 5QJP FGU 5GTDKUEJGP )TQHÒTUVGP 5VGHCP 0GOCPLC FGT WPVGT FGO 0COGP 5CXC GTUVGT 'T\DKUEJQH FGT CWVQMG RJCNGP WPCDJ·PIKIGP UGTDKUEJ QTVJQFQZGP -KTEJG WPF FCOKV \W FGTGP )TÒPFGT IGYQTFGP YCT 'T YKTF XQP KJT CNU *GKNKIGT XGTGJTV &KG +PUKIPKGP FGU /QFGNNU YWTFGP XQP FGP (KTOGP 4QVJG 0GHHG -CTN (NGKUEJJCEMGT #PVQP (ÒTUV WPF ) # 5EJGKF LGYGKNU KP 9KGP UQYKG XQP ,CEQD .GUGT KP 5VTCWDKPI JGTIGUVGNNV
0CEJ FGT 'TOQTFWPI -ÌPKI #NGZCPFGTU + 1DTGPQXKE WPF FGT 4GIKGTWPIUÒDGTPCJOG FWTEJ -ÌPKI 2GVGT + -CTCIGQTIGXKE GTUGV\VG FKGUGT OKV 8GTQTFPWPI XQO 0QXGODGT FCU /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI /KNCPU CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FWTEJ FCU 5VKHVWPIULCJT /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI /KV GKPGO &GMTGV XQO 0QXGODGT YWTFG DGUVKOOV FCUU FGT 1TFGP CWEJ HÒT OKNKV·TKUEJG 8GTFKGPUV XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP MQPPVG &KG +PUKIPKGP FKGUGT #WUHÒJTWPI UVGNNVGP FKG (KTOGP )GQTI #FCO 5EJGKF KP 9KGP WPF #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU JGT
8741
158
8742
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO TQVGP )G YCPF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV MCWO UKEJVDCTG 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWTGP KP \YGK -TGW\URKV\GP 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK KO 4KPI OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō) # 5 ŋ HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT )GQTI #FCO 5EJGKF KP 9KGP QJPG $CPF %/- 55++C 8 <- ++ 1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN FGT *GKNKIG KO TQVGP )GYCPF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG /QPQITCOO /KNCPU + -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU QDGTGP -TGW\CTOU 'OCKNNGEJKR 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK KO 4KPI OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C ō) # 5 ŋ HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT )GQTI #FCO 5EJGKF KP 9KGP CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF %/- 55+ 8 <- ++p+++
SERBIEN UND JUGOSLAWIEN
8743 1:1
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âeòoã %aâe? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO TQVGP )G YCPF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO $·PFEJGP +p++
$GUQPFGTU HGKP IGCTDGKVGVG /KPKCVWT OKV RNCUVKUEJ IGUVCNVGVGT -TQPG
8744 1:1
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âeòoã %aâe? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )GYCPF UGKV 5GV FGT + -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNG OCNGTGK CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP UVCTM IGYÌNDVG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\ %/- 55++D + <- 5VÒEM ++
ÒDGTPCJO FKG (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\ FKG *GTUVGNNWPI FGT 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP 5KG ·PFGTVG
QJPG UVCCVNKEJG 8GTQTFPWPI FKG (CTDG FGU /CPVGNU FGU JN 5CXC KO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP XQP TQV KP ITÒP
/QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI &KG CPFGTGP UR·VGTGP *GTUVGNNGT (TCP 5QTNKPK KP 8CTC\FKP )TKGUDCEJ -PCWUG KP <CIGD WPF % ( <KOOGTOCPP KP 2HQT\JGKO HQNIVGP FKGUGO /WUVGT &GT 1TFGP YWTFG CWEJ PCEJ FGT )TÒPFWPI FGU -ÌPKI TGKEJU FGT 5GTDGP -TQCVGP WPF 5NQYGPGP WPF PCEJ FGUUGP 7ODGPGPPWPI KP ,WIQUNCYKGP DKU \WO 'ZKN -ÌPKI 2GVGTU ++ -CTCIGQTIGXKE D\Y DKU \W UGKPGT #DUGV\WPI CO 0QXGODGT WPF FGT FCOKV GKPJGTIG JGPFGP #DUEJCHHWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG WPF FGT OQPCTEJKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP QHHK\KGNN YGKVGT XGTNKGJGP -ÌPKI 2GVGT ++ XGTNKGJ KJP CNU *CWUQTFGP KP WPXGT·PFGTVGT (QTO CWEJ KO 'ZKN YGKVGT YCU XQP UGKPGO 5QJP -TQP RTKP\ #NGZCPFGT -CTCIGQTIGXKE IGD HQTVIGHÒJTV YWTFG 5Q GTJKGNV \ $ FGT COGTKMCPKUEJG 2JCNGTKUVKMGT 4QDGTV 9GTNKEJ FKG +++ -NCUUG FGU 1TFGPU XQP -ÌPKI 2GVGT ++ &KGUG +PUKIPKGP UKPF CWUUEJNKGNKEJ XQP FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\ CPIGHGTVKIV YQTFGP )GTOCP 2CVTKCTEJ FGT 5GTDKUEJ 1TVJQFQZGP -KTEJG UVKHVGVG GKPGP FTGKMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC FGUUGP +PUKIPKGP GKPG IGYKUUG JPNKEJMGKV OKV FGO MÌPKINKEJGP 1TFGP CWHYGKUGP WPF FGT HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 5GTDKUEJ 1TVJQFQZG -KTEJG XGTNKGJGP YKTF
159
SERBIEN UND JUGOSLAWIEN
8745
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )GYCPF UGKV 5GV FGT ++ -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QDGT HN·EJNKEJGT 'OCKNNGEJKR CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FGU QDGTGP -TGW\CTOU 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK FKGUG GVYCU DGTKG DGP CO UR·VGTGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN NKGTV MCWO UKEJVDCTGT 'OCKNNGEJKR KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIU GVWK FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\ %/- 55++D ++ <- ++
8746
8748
8749
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )GYCPF UGKV -TGW\ +++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP #DURNKVVGTWPI KP GKPGT -TGW\CTOURKV\G FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\ %/- 55++D +++ <- ++
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI UGKV NGGTGU 8GTNGK JWPIUGVWK \WT +++ -NCUUG FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\ ++
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )GYCPF UGKV -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\ %/- 55++D +8 <- ++
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )GYCPF UGKV -TGW\ +8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP QDGTHN·EJNKEJGT 'OCKNNG EJKR KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CP WPMQTTGMVGT &COGPUEJNGKHG %/- 55++D +8 <- ++
.CWV %CT WPF /WJKE KP %#/ 5 JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\
160
SERBIEN UND JUGOSLAWIEN
8750
8751
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )GYCPF UGKV -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 4GRCTCVWT KO TÒEMUGK VKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO QTKIKPCNGP \GTUEJNKUUGPGP &TGKGEMUDCPF %/- 55++D 8 <- ++
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )GYCPF UGKV -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG %JKRU KP FGT DNCWGP 'OCKNNG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO &TGKGEMUDCPF %/- 55++D 8 <- ++
.CWV %CT WPF /WJKE KP %#/ 5 JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\
.CWV %CT WPF /WJKE KP %#/ 5 JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\
8752
8753
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )GYCPF UGKV -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG %JKRU KO XQTFGT UGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG $CPF %/- 55++D 8 <- ++
.CWV %CT WPF /WJKE KP %#/ 5 JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )GYCPF UGKV -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG %JKRU KO XQTFGT UGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG $CPF %/- 55++D 8 <- ++
.CWV %CT WPF /WJKE KP %#/ 5 JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI UGKV NGGTGU QDGT HN·EJNKEJ DGUEJ·FKIVGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WT 8 -NCUUG FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5EJYGK\ ++
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1päeí %âGòQã %CâG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI UGKV NGGTGU 8GTNGK JWPIUGVWK \WT 8 -NCUUG FGT (KTOC (TCP 5QTNKPK KP 8CTCĻFKP ++
161
SERBIEN UND JUGOSLAWIEN
8757
8758 8756
-¤0+)4'+%* &'4 5'4$'0 -41#6'0 70& 5.19'0'0 $<9 -¤0+)4'+%* ,7)15.#9+'0
1TFGP FGT ,WIQUNCYKUEJGP -TQPG =1ðäåí ßó³îñëîâåíñêå Êðóíå? -NGKPQF FGT + -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP %JKRU KP FGT ITÒPGP 'OCKNNG FGT ªDGTJÌJWPI CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF %/- ;%+ <- ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO #RTKN XQP -ÌPKI #NGZCPFGT + IGUVKHVGV WPF DKU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG KP ,WIQUNCYKGP XGTNKGJGP
1TFGP FGT ,WIQUNCYKUEJGP -TQPG =1ðäåí ßó³îñëîâåíñêå Êðóíå? -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU CO &TGKGEMUDCPF %/- ;%8 <- ++
(GWGTYGJT 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG 'OCKNNGUEJ·FGP WPF URTÒPIG CO &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC (TCPLQ (TKECM KP 8KTQXKVKEC OKV ÒDGTMNGDVGO #WHFTWEM +++
8761
8759 8760
(CNNUEJKTOURTKPIGT #D\GKEJGP FGT LWIQUNCYKUEJGP .WHVYCHHG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG PWOOGTKGTV ō ŋ CP \YGK 5EJTCWDGP OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDGP FKGUG OKV $G\GKEJPWPI $'1)4#& ++
(¤&'4#.+56+5%*' 81.-54'27$.+- ,7)15.#9+'0
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP FGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN <- ++
&GT $TWUVUVGTP YKTF CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF IGVTCIGP
162
1TFGP FGT #TDGKV &GMQTCVKQP +++ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV CP XGTDQIGPGT 0CFGN FCTCWH *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ō<+0 -180+%#ŋ <- ++
SPANIEN
8762 1:1
52#0+'0
&4+66'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 52#0+'0 4')+'470) +5#$'..#5 ++
$TWUVUVGTP FGT QDGTUVGP /KNKV·TTKEJVGT FGU -ÌPKITGKEJGU )QNF OCUUKX FWTEJDTQEJGP IGCTDGKVGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK \YGK 4GRCTCVWTGP KP FGT DNCWGP 'OCKNNG OKP $GUEJ·FKIWPIGP KO 9CRRGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ) ;CTCDWTQ KP /CFTKF CP UKNDGTPGT 0CFGN OKV \YGK 5GKVGPJCMGP 44 ++p+++ 'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO 1MVQDGT 0T 5GJT NWZWTKÌU CWUIG HÒJTVGT $TWUVUVGTP OKV CNNGTHGKPUVGT 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK FGUUGP *GTUVGNNWPI W C CWHITWPF FGT )GUVCNVWPI FGT -TQPG GKPFGWVKI KP FKG 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV -ÌPKIKP +UCDGNNCU ++ FCVKGTV YGTFGP MCPP
8763
8764
8765
(ª0(6'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 52#0+'0
-ÌPKINKEJ #OGTKMCPKUEJGT 1TFGP +UCDGNNCU FGT -CVJQNKUEJGP D\Y -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP +UCDGNNCU FGT -CVJQNKUEJGP UGKV /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO ō(41 ŋ -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO OQFGTPGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF &C\W -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ QJPG ªDGTJÌJWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGUEJ·FGP HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK OKV TÒEMUGKVKI CPIGDTCEJVGT $TQUEJKGTWPI <'+ 5VÒEM ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ <YGKVGU /QFGNN /GFCKNNG -NCUUG CD 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF KO RCUUGPFGP QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 6CPHCPK $GTVCTGNNK KP 4QO OKV FGO 9CRRGP 2CRUV $GPGFKMV :8 UKE <- ++
6TQV\ FGU WPRCUUGPF GTUEJGKPGPFGP R·RUVNKEJGP 9CRRGPU KUV FCU 'VWK FWTEJ FKG T·WONKEJGP #WUURCTWPIGP FGT 'KP NCIG GKPFGWVKI CNU FGO 'JTGP\GKEJGP \WIGJÌTKI \W KFGPVKHK\KGTGP
52#0+5%*'4 56##6 4')+'470) 810 (4#0%+5%1 (4#0%1
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /QFGNN OKV UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG YGKG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP 5VGTP -NCUUG OKV TQVGP 5VTGKHGP HÒT 2GPUKQPUDGTGEJVKIVG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK 5GKVGPJCMGP <- ++
163
TSCHECHOSLOWAKEI
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /QFGNN OKV UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG YGKG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP -QPXQNWV XQP FTGK -TGW\GP &C\W /CTKPG WPF .WHVYCHHGP 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP LGYGKNU /QFGNN OKV UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG LGYGKNU YGKG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KP (TKGFGPU \GKVGP LG GKP -TGW\ ,GYGKNU $TQP\G GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU OKV 'OCKNNGEJKRU DGK GKPGO HGJNV FCU 4ÒEMUGKVGP OGFCKNNQP CP $·PFGTP OKV 6TCIGURCPIGP 5VÒEM ++
8768
8767
-TKGIUMTGW\ /QFGNN XKGTMNCUUKI 5VGTP OKV 2CNOGP HÒT HÒJTGPFG 1HHK\KGTG =LGHGU? $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK 5GKVGPJCMGP 2) XCT 4 ++
52#0+'0 +01((+<+'..' #75<'+%*070)'0
1TFGP XQO *QURKVCN FG JGKNKIGP ,QJCPPGU $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV *CCTTKUUG CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK 5GKVGPJCMGP ++
8772 1:1 8771
8770
8769
65%*'%*15.19#-'+
'456' 65%*'%*15.19#-+5%*' 4'27$.+-
6UEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO 9GKGP .ÌYGP /QFGNN 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO 6TCIGTKPI OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV ō--ŋ HÒT FGP *GT UVGNNGT (KTOC -CTPGV -[UGNÓ KP 2TCI GT 5KNDGTRWP\G WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG $9- <- ++
6UEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO 9GKGP .ÌYGP /QFGNN 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG $9- <- ++
6UEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO 9GKGP .ÌYGP /QFGNN /KPKCVWT FGT 4KVVGTFGMQTC VKQP HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $·PFEJGP ++
6UEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO 9GKGP .ÌYGP /QFGNN .ÌYG OKV /CWGTMTQPG 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō9KNFUEJYGKPMQRHŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF 44 ++
164
UNGARN
8773
8776
8777
8775
5QMQN (CNMGP 1TFGP 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #WUICDG FGT (KTOC -CTPGV -[UGNÓ
$TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO PCEJ WPVGP XGTTWVUEJVGP TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQP 'OCKNNG URTÒPIG WPF EJKRU CO $CPF $9- <- ++
&GT HTÒJG VUEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJG 1TFGP YWTFG XQO -TKGIUOKPKUVGT KO RTQXKUQTKUEJGP VUEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGP 0CVKQPCN TCV KP 2CTKU &T /KNCP ĥVGRCPKM GKPGO #UVTQPQOGP FGT KP (TCPMTGKEJ \WO (NKGIGTIGPGTCN CWHIGUVKGIGP YCT GPV YQTHGP KP 6QMKQ JGTIGUVGNNV WPF UGKV 0QXGODGT XQP FKGUGO CP FKG VUEJGUNQYCMKUEJGP .GIKQP·TG KP 5KDKTKGP XGTNKGJGP &KG 5VCVWVGP HQNIVGP FWTEJ FGP 0CVKQPCNTCV 5KG UCJGP HÒPH -NCUUGP XQT VCVU·EJNKEJ MCO CDGT PWT GKPG -NCUUG OKV WPF QJPG 5EJYGTVGT \WT #WUHÒJTWPI /GTKEMC WPVGTUEJGKFGV FTGK XGTUEJKGFGPG #WUICDGP FKG GTUVG KP 6QMKQ JGTIGUVGNNVG #WUICDG OKV FWPMGNDNCWGO 'OCKN FKG \YGKVG XQP -CTPGV -[UGNÓ KP 2TCI JGTIG UVGNNVG #WUICDG OKV OKVVGNDNCWGO 'OCKN WPF FKG FTKVVG XQP -CTPGV -[UGNÓ KP 2TCI JGTIGUVGNNVG #WUICDG OKV JGNNDNCWGO 'OCKN 8IN /GTKEMC 8±ENCX &GT 6GUEJQUNQYCMKUEJG (CNMGP 1TFGP +P 1TFGPUMWPFG 0T $GTNKP &GTU .GU RTGOKGTU 1TFTGU GV &¾EQTCVKQPU /KNKVCKTGU FG 6EJ¾EQENQXCSWKG +P 5QEK¾V¾ 5WKUUG FG 2JCN¾TKUVKSWG $WNNGVKP 5 'Z #WMVKQP *KTUEJ KP /ÒPEJGP XQO DKU 0QXGODGT 0T /GTKEMC WPVGTUEJGKFGV FTGK XGTUEJKG FGPG #WUICDGP FKG GTUVG KP 6QMKQ JGTIGUVGNNVG #WUICDG OKV FWPMGNDNCWGO 'OCKN FKG \YGKVG XQP -CTPGV -[UGNÓ KP 2TCI JGTIGUVGNNVG #WUICDG OKV OKVVGNDNCWGO 'OCKN WPF FKG FTKVVG XQP -CTPGV -[UGNÓ KP 2TCI JGTIGUVGNNVG #WUICDG OKV JGNNDNCWGO 'OCKN =8IN /GTKEMC 8CENCX &GT VUEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJG (CNMGP 1TFGP +P 1TFGPUMWPFG 0T $GTNKP 7PF GTKEMC 8CENCX .GU 2TGOKGTU 1TFTGU GV &¾EQTCVKQPU /KNKVCKTGU FG 6EJ¾EQUNQXCSWKG +P 5QEK¾V¾ 5WKUUG FG 2JCN¾TKUVKSWG $WNNGVKP ? 5QOKV FÒTHVG GU UKEJ DGK FKGUGO 'ZGO RNCT WO FKG \YGKVG #WUICDG JCPFGNP
-QPXQNWV XQP XKGT XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT +PVGTCNNKKGTVG 5KGIGUOGFCKNNG (TGKYKNNK IGP -TGW\ OKV 'VWK WPF /GFCKNNG WPF ō2TCXFC 8KVG\Kŋ /GFCKNNG LGYGKNU CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
65%*'%*15.19#-+5%*' 81.-54'27$.+-
#DUQNXGPVGP #D\GKEJGP FGT VUEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGP /KNKV·T #MCFGOKG /QFGNN #WU ICDG 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG /CVTKMGNPWOOGT ō ŋ WPF OGJTGTG 2WP\GP CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGDGT\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC <WMQX KP 2TCI ++
#DUQNXGPVGP #D\GKEJGP FGT /KNKV·T #MCFGOKG - )QVVYCNF 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG /CVTKMGNPWOOGT ō ŋ WPF OGJTGTG 2WP\GP CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGDGT \GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC <WMQX &C\W $TQP\GOGFCKNNG (ÒT &KGPUV FGO 8CVGTNCPF /QFGNN CO $CPF 5VÒEM ++
70)#40
6+67.#4 -¤0+)4'+%* 70)#40
7PICTKUEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ D\Y 7PICTKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =/CI[CT TFGOTGPF? /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ D\Y #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG IQNFGPG 5VTCJNGP \YK UEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP WPF 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN <- ++
.CWV (GNU\GIJ[ (GNU\GIJ[ ( W C # 4GPFLGNGM ¾U -KVÒPVGV¾UGM 6ÌTV¾PGNOÒPDMGP $WFCRGUV 5 KUV FKGUG 5VWHG XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV OCN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP FCXQP OCN CP 7PICTP WPF XQP DKU #RTKN KPUIGUCOV OCN FCXQP OCN CP 7PICTP
165
KICHENSTAAT UND VATIKAN
8779
8778
8780
7PICTKUEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ D\Y 7PICTKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =/CI[CT TFGOTGPF? /QFGNN -QOVWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG $CPFTKPI CO RGPVCIQPCN IGHCNVGVGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV <- ++ )QNFGPGU 7PICTKUEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 5KGJG -CV 0T 2KNQVGPCD\GKEJGP $TQP\G CP 0CFGN
++
$ª4)'4.+%*' 4'27$.+-
'JTGPOGFCKNNG \WT 'KPJWPFGTVLCJTHGKGT FGU #WHUVCPFGU XQP $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF ++
8781
8782
8785
8786
':+.
5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP &C\W <YGK #D\GKEJGP FGU -CPCFKUEJ 7PICTKUEJGP 1TFGPU XQO JN .±U\NÉ XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGNP 5VÒEM ++
70)#4+5%*' 81.-54'27$.+-
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 7PICTKUEJGP 8QNMUTGRWDNKM )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN NKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV 7PKHQTODCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO 5VCCVUYCRRGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 7PICTKUEJGP 8QNMUTGRWDNKM )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN NKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO 5VCCVUYCRRGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 7PICTKUEJGP 8QNMUTGRWDNKM 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKN NKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO 5VCCVUYCRRGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
7PICTKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT #TDGKV /QFGNN 8QNNUV·PFKIGT 5CV\ FGU 1TFGPU KP )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV D\Y XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP &TGKGEMD·PFGTP LGYGKNU OKV 7PKHQTOD·PFGTP KP QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWKU 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &KGPUV 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG /QFGNN 8GTFKGPUVOG FCKNNG HÒT CWGTQTFGPVNKEJG &KGPUVG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HÒT CWGTQTFGPVNKEJG &KGPUVG )QNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG HÒT FKG 2QNK\GK 8GTIQNFGV D\Y XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV LGYGKNU CP &TGK GEMUD·PFGTP KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK ++
-QPXQNWV XQP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG HÒT FKG 9CHHGPDTÒFGTUEJCHV KP )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT FKG #TDGKVGTYCEJG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG FGT 7PICTKUEJGP 4·VGTGRWDNKM 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG HÒT $GTINGWVG KP )QNF WPF 5KNDGT &C\W -TGW\G ō2 ' - ŋ FGT LGV\KIGP 4GRWDNKM 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP &TGKGEMUD·PFGTP ++
-+4%*'056##6 *'+.+)'4 567*. 70& 8#6+-#0
166
-+4%*'056##6 *'+.+)'4 567*. 70& 8#6+-#0 14&'0
-QPXQNWV XQP UGEJU XGTUEJKGFGPGP 'VWKU \W 1TFGP WPF 'JTG\GKEJGP FGU *GKNKIGP 5VWJNU &CTWPVGT )TQQHHK\KGT UQYKG 4KVVGTMTGW\ CO &TGKGEMUDCPF FGU 4KVVGTQTFGPU XQO *GKNKIGP )TCDG WPF -QOOCP FGWTMTGW\ GKPGU R·RUVNKEJGP 1TFGPU +P WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ ++p+++
KICHENSTAAT UND VATIKAN
8789 Detail 1:1
8789 1:1,5
4+66'414&'0 81/ *'+.+)'0 )4#$ 810 ,'475#.'/
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP /QFGNN URCPKUEJG #WUICDG OKV MNGKPGT -TQPG 1TFGPUMQNNCPG FGT 5VCVVJCNVGTGK XQP #TCIQPKGP WPF -CVCNQPKGP DGUVGJGPF CWU *GKNKI )TCD -TGW\ )NKGFGTP WPF CEJV %JTKUVWU /QPQITCOO )NKGFGTP UQYKG \YGK 8GTUEJNWÂINKGFGTP WPF GKPGO 6TCIGINKGF OKV -NGKPQF LG YGKNU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV GKP %JTKUVWUOQPQITCOO )NKGF OKV OKP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP UQYKG \YGKVG -GVVG DGUVGJGPF CWU UGEJU 6TQRJ·GPINKGFGTP OKV CPJ·PIGPFGO -TGW\ FGT 'JTGP -CPQPKMGT XQP %CNCVC[WF LGYGKNU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC %GLCNXQ KP /CFTKF )55 0T 44 ++ &KG +PJCDGT FGT -QNNCPG FGT 5VCVVJCNVGTGK XQP #TCIQPKGP WPF -CVCNQPKGP YCTGP CWEJ 'JTGP -CPQPKMGT XQP %CNCVC[WF WPF VTWIGP FGTGP -CPQPKMGT -TGW\ CP GKPGT -GVVG FKG OKV FGT -QNNCPG FGU 1TFGPU XQO *GKNKIGP )TCD MQODKPKGTV YCT
167
KICHENSTAAT UND VATIKAN
8790 1:1
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP /QFGNN URCPKUEJG #WUICDG OKV MNGKPGT -TQPG )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVG JGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV #WHNCIGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ' *GTTGTQU KP /CFTKF 5VÒEM +p++
8791 1:1
8792
8793
8795 1:1
8794
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP /QFGNN QJPG -TQPG WPF QJPG 6TQRJ·G /KPKCVWT FGU -QOOCPFGWT MTGW\GU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG 4 ++
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP /QFGNN HTCP\ÌUKUEJG KPQHHK\KGNNG #WUICDG OKV ITQGT -TQPG -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō9KNFUEJYGKPMQRHŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\GP $CPF OKV TQVGP 5GKVGPUVTGKHGP ++
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP /QFGNN QJPG -TQPG WPF QJPG 6TQRJ·G 4KVVGTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQN FGV MQORNGVV PCEJGOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF ++
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP WPF /QFGNN OKV 6TQRJ·G UGKV -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP #DRNCV\WPIGP CWH FGO -TGW\EJGP FGU $TWUVRCP\GTU FGT 6TQRJ·G CWH FGO $CPFTKPI HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP *CNUDCPF <- ++p
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP WPF /QFGNN OKV 6TQRJ·G UGKV /KPKCVWT FGU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\GU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP ++
168
ÄTHIOPIEN
8796 1:1
8798
8797
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQO *GKNKIGP )TCD /KPKCVWT \WO 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5KNDGTPGO 5VGTP )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO UEJYCT\GP $·PFEJGP ++
8#6+-#0 '*4'0<'+%*'0
$GPGOGTGPVKMTGW\ HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU #WGTQTFGPVNKEJG *GKNKIG ,CJT FGT 'TNÌUWPI )QNFG PGU $GPGOGTGPVKMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO 2CRUVYCRRGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
$GPGOGTGPVKMTGW\ HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU #WGTQTFGPVNKEJG *GKNKIG ,CJT FGT 'TNÌUWPI 5KNDGT PGU $GPGOGTGPVKMTGW\ 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF ++
8802 8800
8799
8801
);26'0 -¤0+)4'+%* );26'0
1TFGP FGU 0KNU /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCDURNKVVGTWPIGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC .CVVGU OGJTHCEJ IG RWP\V WPVGT CPFGTGO ,CJTGRWP\G ō'ŋ HÒT CO $CPF &C\W 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT 4GRWDNKM &GMQTC VKQP FGT 8 -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG ªDGTJÌJWPI WPF $CPF ++
0CVKQPCNGT 5RQTV %NWD ( ' # # 0KEJV VTCIDCTG 2TGKUOGFCKNNG FGU VÒTMKUEJ ·I[RVKUEJGP 5RQTVNGT VTGHHGPU 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV WPF PKEJV VTCIDCTG /GFCKNNG CWH FCU +PVGTPCVKQPCNG #VJNGVGP 6TGHHGP KO ,WPK $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV DGKFG &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5VÒEM ++
6*+12+'0 -#+5'44'+%* 6*+12+'0 $+5
1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP VJKQRKGP 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP ·NVGTG HKNKITCPG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV )NCUECDQEJQP CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP $CPF &C\W 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGU 1TFGPU ·NVGTG MNGKPGTG #WUHÒJTWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV 5VÒEM ++
4'27$.+- %*+.'
/GFCKNNG \WT 'KPJWPFGTVLCJTHGKGT FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV %JKNGU 5KNDGT CO $CPF
++
169
KAISERREICH JAPAN
8805
8804 8803 1:1
%*+0# -#+5'44'+%* %*+0# $+5
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP XQO &QRRGNVGP &TCEJGP /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP FGT -NCUUG )TCF &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV DNCWGO 5VGKP KP FGT /KVVG WPF MNGKPGT -QTCNNG QDGP QJPG *CNUDCPF OKV /GVCNNUEJNKGG .+ 5 1#0 5 H 6# 81.2' 5 H ++ (ÒT $QVUEJCHVU 5GMTGV·T WPF -NCUUG -QPUWNG ªDGTUGV\WPIU 5GMTGV·TG #VVCEJ¾U JÌJGTG 1HHK\KGTG FGT /CTKPG 1DGTUVG WPF 2TQHGUUQTGP KP %JKPC
81.-54'27$.+- 5'+6
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG (ÌTFGTWPI FGT 'KPVTCEJV FGU 8QNMGU 8GTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN
++
4'27$.+- '%7#&14
0CVKQPCNGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /QFGNN CD 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO IGNDGP $CPF $7 H 4 ++
+P FGP WPVGTGP -NCUUGP PWT UGJT UGNVGP \W HKPFGP &GT 1TFGP KUV CO 1MVQDGT YQJN KO *KPDNKEM CWH FGP ,CJTGUVCI FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 2KPEJKPEJC CO /CK XQP 2T·UKFGPV ,QU¾ .WKU 6COC[Q IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP &KG )GUVCNVWPI FGU GTUVGP /QFGNNU FGU \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIGP 1TFGPU GTUVG -NCUUG KP )QNF \YGKVG -NCUUG KP 5KNDGT WPF FTKVVG -NCUUG KP $TQP\G KUV FGT 2KPEJKPEJC /GFCKNNG XQP PCEJGORHWPFGP YWTFG GT OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO ,WPK CWH UGEJU -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV WPF FKG +PUKIPKGP PGW IGUVCNVGV
8807
-#+5'44'+%* ,#2#0
170
1TFGP FGT #WHIGJGPFGP 5QPPG &GMQTCVKQPGP FGT WPF FGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV D\Y 5KNDGT LGYGKNU CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF LCRCPKUEJGT 0·JCTV WPF KP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGP 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK &C\W /GFCKNNG XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF LCRCPKUEJGT 0·JCTV OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGP 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK 5VÒEM ++
KAISERREICH JAPAN
8809
8808
1TFGP FGT )QNFGPGP 9GKJG 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPI =EQR[ ? FGU -NGKPQFU FGT -NCUUG XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG $CPF ++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO 1MVQDGT 0T *GTXQTTCIGPF IGCT DGKVGVGU 'TUCV\UVÒEM HÒT GKPG UGJT VGWGTGU WPF PWT UGJT UEJYGT \W DGUEJCHHGPFGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT
/GFCKNNG HÒT FGP EJKPGUKUEJ LCRCPKUEJGP -TKGI &WPMNG $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF LCRCPK UEJGT 0·JCTV ++
-QPXQNWV XQP FTGK -TKGIUOGFCKNNGP /GFCKNNG HÒT FGP -TKGI XQP /GFCKNNG HÒT FGP -TKGI XQP /GFCKNNG HÒT FGP -TKGI XQP LGYGKNU CP $·PFGTP LCRCPKUEJGT 0·JCTV &C\W )WMQRKG FGT 0CXCN )GPGTCN 5GTXKEG /GFCN XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP 5VÒEM ++
8810
8812 8811 8813
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU ,CRCPKUEJGP 4QVGU -TGW\GU )QNFGPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN NKGTV OKP #DURNKVVGTWPI KP GKPGT -TGW\CTOGEMG CO $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
/QFGTPG #PHGTVKIWPI
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU ,CRCPKUEJGP 4QVGU -TGW\GU 5KNDGTPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF &C\W 'JTGPOGFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF OKV 4QUGVVG 5VÒEM ++
/QFGTPG #PHGTVKIWPI
4GVVWPIUOGFCKNNG FGT -CKUGTNKEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV \WT 4GVVWPI CWU 5GGPQV 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG -NGDUVQHHTGUVG CO $CPF &C\W 'JTGPOGFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV 4ÒEMUGKVG OKV -NGD UVQHHTGUVGP WPF /KVINKGFUEJCHVUOGFCKNNG + -NCUUG #NWOKPKWO LGYGKNU CO $CPF OKV 4QUGVVGP 5VÒEM ++
#WU\GKEJPWPI HÒT .GDGPUTGVVWPI 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OKV /CVTKMGNPWOOGT ō ŋ WPF ITCXKGTVGP 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP CO $CPF LCRCPKUEJGT 0·JCTV &C\W FKG /KPKCVWT CP &TGKGT /KPKCVWTGP UEJPCNNG CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM 4 ++
-QPXQNWV XQP HÒPH XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP /GFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG +PVJTQPKUCVKQP -CKUGT 5JQYCU *KTQJKVQ CO DKU 0QXGODGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNG HÒT FGP 4WUUKUEJ ,CRCPKUEJGP -TKGI /GFCKNNG HÒT FGP EJKPGUKUEJ LCRCPKUEJGP -TKGI /GFCKNNG HÒT FGP %JKPC <YKUEJGPHCNN -TKGI 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG FGU ,CRCPKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU HÒT FGP 4WUUUKUEJ ,CRCPKUEJGP -TKGI ,GYGKNU CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF LCRCPKUEJGT 0·JCTV 5VÒEM ++
171
KOREA
8816
8815
-¤0+)4'+%* -#0#&#
9GKVGTG MCPCFKUEJG #WU\GKEJPWPIGP UKGJG WPVGT )TQDTKVCPPKGP
-CPCFKUEJG ,CJTJWPFGTVHGKGT /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO $CPF
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV \GJP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 1TFGT QH %CPCFC OGODGT 1TFGT QH 5V ,QJP 1HHKEGT 5VCT #KT %TGY 'WTQRG 5VCT &GHGPEG /GFCN %CPCFKCP 8Q NWPVGGT /GFCN OKV $CPFURCPIG 9CT /GFCN %CPCFC %GPVGPKCN /GFCN 3WGGP 'NK\CDGVJ 5KNXGT ,WDKNGG /GFCN [GCTU %CPCFC /GFCN #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
+p++
8817
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV PGWP XQTYKGIGPF MCPCFKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHVU #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT 1TFGT QH 2QNCTKU 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 5VCFV 'FOQPVQP 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 4Q[CN .KHG 5CXKPI 5QEKGV[ #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP YQJN OGKUV MCPCFKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHVUQTFGP WPF CWU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT 'J TGPDÒTIGTUEJNÒUUGN FGT 5VCFV 9JKVGJQTUG KP ;WMQP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 5V·FVG 6QTQPVQ WPF 'FOQP VQP /GFCKNNGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 4Q[CN .KHG 5CXKPI 5QEKGV[ 6JG .KHG QH #NDGTVC #YCTF 7PVGTUEJKGFNKEJG /GVCNNG VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP 'TJCNVWPIGP OGKUV CP $·PFGTP FTGK CP *CNUD·PFGTP \YGK KP $KNFGTTCJOGP 5VÒEM ++
8819
-14'#
172
-#+5'44'+%* -14'#
6CGIWM 1TFGP CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -QTGCPKUEJGP .CPFGUHNCIIG IGPCPPV &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO MWT\GP QTKIKPCNGP $CPFCDUEJPKVV OKV 'KPMPÌRHNÌEJGTP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GT NGKJWPIUGVWK OKV \GTUEJNKUUGPGT &GEMGNGKPNCIG WPF FGHGMVGO 8GTUEJNW 10 ++
UNION MYANMAR 'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP 'KPG PQTFCOGTKMCPKUEJG 2TKXCVUCOONWPI W C CO ,WPK 0T 9KG CNNG 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP FGU WPVGT LCRCPKUEJGO 2TQVGMVQTCV UVGJGPFGP -CKUGTTGKEJGU -QTGC GZVTGO UGNVGP FC FGUUGP 1TFGP KO ,CJTG IGUVKHVGV WPF PWT DKU FGO ,CJT FGT GPFIÒNVKIGP #PPGZKQP -QTGCU FWTEJ ,CRCP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP UKPF )GKNG PGPPV KP 5# PWT GKPGP GKP\KIGP FGWVUEJGP 6T·IGT FGU 1TFGPU WPF \YCT FGT -NCUUG FGT KO &GWVUEJGP 1TFGPUCNOCPCEJ CWHIGHÒJTV KUV &T )QVVHTKGF 0G[ 8K\G -QPUWN KP 5GQWN 'KPG INGKEJG &GMQTC VKQP KO XGTINGKEJDCTGP <WUVCPF LGFQEJ QJPG 'VWK CWU FGT 5COONWPI FGT #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ YWTFG CO #RTKN DGK /QTVQP 'FGP KP .QPFQP CPIGDQVGP
8820
8822
8823
8824
8826
-7$#
$ª4)'4.+%*' 4'27$.+- -7$# $+5
1TFGP FGT 'JTG WPF FGU 8GTFKGPUVGU CWEJ 1TFGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV /G FCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV ō+06'4 +0+/+%15 %*#4+6#5ŋ -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO $CPF $9- ++
-QPXQNWV XQP FTGK #WU\GKEJPWPIGP /GFCKNNG +PVGTPCVKQPCNKUVKUEJGT -·ORHGT /GFCKNNG HÒT 8GT FKGPUVG WO FKG #NRJCDGVKUKGTWPI FGU 8QNGU /GFCKNNG %CTNQU $CNKÇQ ,GYGKNU CP 2GPVCIQPCNDCPFURCP IGP &C\W &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIUOGFCKNNG WPF 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 5VTGKVMT·HVG DGKFG FGT $ÒTIGTNKEJGP 4GRWDNKM QJPG $·PFGT ++
/10)1.'+ /10)1.+5%*' 81.-54'27$.+-
1TFGP XQO 2QNCTUVGTP /QFGNN 1TFGPUUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 0CFGNU[UVGO WPF 6T·IGTPWOOGT ō ŋ $6 *( / 5/1 1/ ++
'JTGPOGFCKNNG HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KO -CORH /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQN FGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T·IGTPWOOGT ō ŋ CP FTGKGEMKIGT $CPFURCPIG OKV 5EJTCWDG WPF DTQP\GPG 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG FCTCWH /QUMCWGT *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI $6 *( / 5/1 1/ ++
'JTGPOGFCKNNG FGT #TDGKV /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI OKV M[TKNNKUEJGT +PUEJTKHV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T·IGTPWOOGT ō ŋ CP FTGKGEMKIGT $CPFURCPIG OKV 0CFGN $6 *( / 5/1 1/ ++
-QPXQNWV XQP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT 1TFGP FGU /WVVGTTWJOGU -NCUUG /GFCKNNG \WO ,CJTGUVCI FGT OQPIQNKUEJGP 8QNMUTGXQNWVKQP /GFCKNNG \WO ,CJTGUVCI FGUUGNDGP #PNCUUGU /G FCKNNG \WO ,CJTGUVCI FGUUGNDGP #PNCUUGU /GFCKNNG \WO ,CJTGUVCI FGUUGNDGP #PNCUUGU /GFCKNNG \WO ,CJTGUVCI FGUUGNDGP #PNCUUGU /GFCKNNG HÒT FGP ,CJTGUVCI FGU 5KGIGU XQP %JCNEJKP )QN /GFCKNNG \WO ,CJTGUVCI FGT )TÒPFWPI FGT /QPIQNKUEJGP 5VTGKVMT·HVG /GFCKNNG \WO ,CJ TGUVCI FGU 5KGIGU ÒDGT ,CRCP \YGK #DUQNXGPVGPCD\GKEJGP ,GYGKNU XGTIQNFGV D\Y XGTUKNDGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV D\Y NCEMKGTV CP GOCKNNKGTVGP D\Y NCEMKGTVGP 6TCIGURCPIGP QFGT 5EJTCWDGP OKV 5EJTCWD UEJGKDG 5VÒEM ++
70+10 /;#0/#4 $74/#
1TFGP 5VGTP FGT 4GXQNWVKQP 5VGTP -NCUUG XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $7 5 ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG 1TFGP YWTFG CO 0QXGODGT IGUVKHVGV 'T YWTFG CP FKG 6GKNPGJOGT FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVU M·ORHG XGTNKGJGP &KGUG YWTFGP FCDGK KP FTGK 2GTKQFGP WPVGTVGKNV 2GTKQFG DKU 2GTKQFG DKU 2GTKQFG DKU &KG 6GKNPGJOGT CNNGT Y·JTGPF CNNGT FTGK 2GTKQFGP GTJKGNVGP FKG -NCUUG FKG 6GKNPGJOGT Y·JTGPF GKPGT QFGT \YGK 2GTKQFGP FKG \YGKVG WPF FKG 6GKNPGJOGT CP OKPFG UVGPU GKPGT 2GTKQFG FKG FTKVVG -NCUUG $GOGTMGPUYGTV CP FKGUGO 1TFGP KUV FGT 7OUVCPF FC KJP CWEJ FKTGMVG 0CEJ MQOOGP FGT $GNKGJGPGP DGK QHHK\KGNNGP 8GTCPUVCNVWPIGP VTCIGP MQPPVGP 5GKV KUV FGT 1TFGP PKEJV OGJT XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP
173
KÃ&#x2013;NIGREICH THAILAND
8831 8827
8828
-¤0+)4'+%* 6*#+.#0&
&GT UGJT JQJG 1TFGP FGU 9GKÂGP 'NGRJCPVGP /QFGNN UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÃ&#x2019;T *GTTGP -QOOCP FGWTFGMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG FGT -TQPG VJCKN·P FKUEJ RWP\KGTV CO *CNUDCPF ++
&GT UGJT JQJG 1TFGP FGU 9GKÂGP 'NGRJCPVGP /QFGNN UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÃ&#x2019;T &COGP &GMQTC VKQP FGT )GHQNIUNGWVG -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG FGT -TQPG VJCKN·PFKUEJ RWP\KGTV CP &COGPUEJNGKHG OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
&GT UGJT JQJG 1TFGP FGU 9GKÂGP 'NGRJCPVGP /QFGNN UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÃ&#x2019;T *GTTGP &GMQTC VKQP FGT /KVINKGFGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF ++
&GT UGJT JQJG 1TFGP FGU 9GKÂGP 'NGRJCPVGP /QFGNN UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÃ&#x2019;T &COGP 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG -NCUUG 5KNDG CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG FGT -TQPG VJCKN·PFKUEJ RWP\KGTV CP &COGPUEJNGKHG ++
&KG /GFCKNNG KP GEJV 5KNDGT KUV PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
&GT UGJT XQTPGJOG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 6JCKNCPF /QFGNN UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÃ&#x2019;T *GTTGP 5GV FGT 4KVVGT -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG FGT -TQPG WPF FGT &GMQTCVKQP OGJTHCEJ VJCKN·PFKUEJ RWP\KGTV CO *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG VJCKN·PFKUEJ RWP\KGTV 5VÃ&#x2019;EM +p++
8832
174
8833
&GT UGJT XQTPGJOG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 6JCKNCPF /QFGNN UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÃ&#x2019;T *GTTGP -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG FGT -TQPG VJCKN·PFKUEJ RWP\KGTV CO *CNUDCPF ++
&GT UGJT XQTPGJOG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 6JCKNCPF /QFGNN UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÃ&#x2019;T &COGP -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG FGT -TQPG VJCKN·PFKUEJ RWP\KGTV CP &COGPUEJNGKHG ++
&GT UGJT XQTPGJOG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 6JCKNCPF /QFGNN UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÃ&#x2019;T &COGP &GMQTCVKQP FGT )GHQNIUNGWVG -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG FGT -TQPG WPF FGT &GMQTCVKQP VJCKN·PFKUEJ RWP\KGTV CP &COGPUEJNGKHG OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
TÜRKEI
&GT UGJT XQTPGJOG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 6JCKNCPF /QFGNN UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÒT *GTTGP &GMQTCVKQP FGT /KVINKGFGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT -TQPG VJCKN·PFKUEJ RWP\KGTV CO $CPF ++
&GT UGJT XQTPGJOG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 6JCKNCPF /QFGNN UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÒT *GTTGP )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV UVCTM CPIGNCWHGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT -TQPG RWP\KGTV CO $CPF ++
8838
8837
6ª4-'+ 6ª4-'+ 15/#0+5%*'5 4'+%* $+5
1UOCPKLG 1TFGP $TWUVUVGTP FGT -NCUUG &WTEJOGUUGT OO GWTQR·KUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FKG ITÒPG 'OCKNNG XQNNUV·PFKI FWTEJ HCTDKIGP .CEM GTUGV\V QJPG 2WP\KGTWPIGP CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK 5GKVGPJCMGP +++
1UOCPKLG 1TFGP $TWUVUVGTP FGT -NCUUG &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG QUOCPKUEJG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT /ÒP\G KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ OKV \YGK 5GKVGPJCMGP ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG PCEJ 5WNVCP 1UOCP + FGO )TÒPFGT FGU 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJGU DGPCPPVG <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO ,CPWCT XQP 5WNVCP #DFÒN #\K\ IGUVKHVGV WPF DKU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG XGTNKGJGP
8840 1:1 8839
8841
1UOCPKLG 1TFGP &GMQTCVKQP FGT WPF -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKN NKGTV FCU *CNUDCPF KP 2GPVCIQPCNHQTO IGHCNVGV +p++
+P UGNVGP IWVGT 'TJCNVWPI
1UOCPKLG 1TFGP /KPKCVWT FGT 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP ++
/GFLKFLKG 1TFGP &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV /GFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV #ITCHHG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG QUOCPKUEJG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT /ÒP\G KP -QPUVCP VKPQRGN KO $CPFTKPI HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\GP XQP DKU ō5EJYCPGPRWP\Gŋ WPF ō7JWRWP\Gŋ CO MWT\GP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++
175
USA
8846
8842
8848 8847 8845
/GFLKFLKG 1TFGP &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV /GFCKNNQP WPF #ITCHHG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWTGP KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI WPF KO *CNDOQPF CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF ++
(TÒJG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO \YGKVGP &TKVVGN FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU OKV UKNDGTPGO /GFCKNNQPHGNF &GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG PCEJ UGKPGO 5VKHVGT DGPCPPVG <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG KO #WIWUV XQP 5WNVCP #DFÒN /GLKF + IGUVKHVGV WPF DKU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG XGTNKGJGP
5JGHMCV 1TFGP 'VWK \WT -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP OKV IQNFDGFTWEMVGO *CND OQPF WPF 5VGTP WPF $G\GKEJPWPI ++
.GGTGU 'VWK #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP KP TQVGO 5COV OKV CWHIGNGIVGO .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF 5VGTP ++
670'5+'0 (ª456'067/ 670+5 $+5
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI OKV FGO /QPQITCOO XQP /QJCOGF GN *CDKD &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 1HHK\KGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG KP \YGK 5VTCJNGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU 6TCIGUVTCJNU HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G HÒT 5KNDGT XQP DKU ō9KNFUEJYGKPMQRHŋ CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG ++p+++
0CEJ FGO 8QTDKNF FGU QUOCPKUEJGP 0KUJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGPU YWTFG FGT 1TFGP XQP /WUVCRJC $G[ XQP 6WPKU IGUVKHVGV 5GKP 0CEJHQNIGT #JOGF $G[ GTYGKVGTVG KJP CWH HÒPH 5VWHGP WPF HÒIVG UGKP GKIGPGU /QPQITCOO GKP GKPG 2TCZKU FKG CNNG UGKPG 0CEJHQNIGT DKU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG DGKDGJKGNVGP /QJCOGF GU 5CFQM $G[ XQP 6WPKU ICD FGP +PUKIPKGP OKV &GMTGV XQO (GDTWCT /·T\ GKPG PGWG )GUVCNVWPI WPF GTYGKVGTVG KJP CWH PWPOGJT UGEJU -NCU UGP )TQMQTFQP DKU -NCUUG /KV FGT #DUGV\WPI FGU NGV\VGP $G[U /QJCOGF 'N #OKP FWTEJ 2T·UKFGPV $QWTIWKDC JÌTVG FGT 1TFGP CWH \W DGUVGJGP #WITWPF FGT \YGK /QFGNNG OKV UKGDGP XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP FGU /QFGNNU KP \WFGO LGYGKNU \CJNTGKEJGP 8CTKCPVGP IGJÌTV FKGUGT 1TFGP \W FGP XKGNUGKVKIUVGP WPF KPVGTGUUCPVGUVGP ÒDGTJCWRV
8'4'+0+)6' 56##6'0 810 #/'4+-# 7 5 #
.GIKQP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG -QOOCPFGWT &GMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPFCD UEJPKVV ++
.GIKQP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG .GIKQP·TU &GMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T· IGTITCXWT ō41$'46 * /15'4ŋ \WUCOOGP OKV (GNFUEJPCNNG WPF 4GXGTUCD\GKEJGP UQYKG GKPGO $KNF FGU 6T·IGTU KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
/CLQT &T 4QDGTV * /QUGT / & / % YCT #T\V FGT COGTKMCPKUEJGP 5VTGKVMT·HVG WPF OGFK\KPKUEJGT (CEJCWVQT
(TKGFGPUOGFCKNNG FGU COGTKMCPKUEJGP 2T·UKFGPVGP /CTVKP 8CP $WTGP HÒT *·WRVNKPIG XQP +PFKC PGTUV·OOGP &CVKGTV &WTEJOGUUGT OO $TQP\G IGUEJY·T\V OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT ō(7456 ( ŋ IGNQEJV OGJTGTG 4CPFFGNNGP WPF -TCV\GT CP 6TCIGUEJPWT 44 ++ /CTVKP XCP $WTGP TGIKGTVG FKG 8GTGKPKIVGP 5VCCVGP XQP #OGTKMC CNU FGTGP 2T·UKFGPV XQP DKU
176
ORDENSSCHNALLEN INTERNATIONAL
8850
8849
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG #NCUMC ;WMQP 2C\KHKM #WUUVGNNWPI KP 5GCVVNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CP 6TCIGURCPIG ++
5KGIGUOGFCKNNG FGT +PFGRGPFGPEG &C[ %GNGDTCVKQP $CVJ $GCEJ $GPUQPJWTUV CO DKU ,WNK &WTEJOGUUGT OO )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV EC I CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG ITCXKGTV ō&/( 9QTNFU )TGCVGUV #VJNGVGŋ CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGT WPF )QNFRWP\GP CO NCPIGP *CNUDCPF &C\W 2TGKUOG FCKNNG HÒT FKG .GKEJVIGYKEJV /GKUVGTUEJCHV KO $QZGP CO ,WN[ HÒT 9O )TGGP $TQP\G TÒEMUGK VKI 9KFOWPIUITCXWT CO $CPF 7PF #D\GKEJGP FGU +PFGRGPFGPV 1TFGT FGT 1FF (GNNQYU )QNF GOCKN NKGTV I CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &CTWPVGT .GIKQP QH /GTKV 1HHKEGT 5KNXGT 5VCT $TQP\G 5VCT WPF #TO[ &KUVKPIWKUJGF 5GTXKEG %TQUU 6GKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP $·PFGTP FTGK \WUCOOGP OKV (GNFUEJPCNNGP WPF 4GXGTUCD\GKEJGP KP CNVGP 'VWKU 5VÒEM ++
8852
14&'055%*0#..'0 +06'40#6+10#.
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV HÒPH XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 5EJYGFGP $CPF FGT /GFCKNNG HÒT 'KHGT WPF 4GFNKEJMGKV KO 4GKEJUFKGPUV QJPG /GFCKNNG &·PGOCTM &CPGDTQIQTFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO XQP -ÌPKIKP /CTICTGVJG ++ UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ ++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV 0QTYGIGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ ++ -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV +UNCPF (CNMGPQTFGP /QFGNN QJPG -TQPG UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV $GNIKGP -TQPGPQTFGP 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG UVCTMG -NGDUVQHHURWTGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP 1TFGP FGU $TKVKUEJGP 'ORKTGU /QFGNN OKV *GTTUEJGTRCCT KO /GFCKNNQP UGKV -TGW\ FGT /KVINKGFGT /GODGT / $ ' 5KNDGT CO OKNKV·TKUEJGP $CPF #P 0CFGN /KV PCJG\W RCUUGPFGT /KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GDGPHCNNU OKV NGGTGO $CPF FGT /GFCKNNG HÒT 'KHGT WPF 4GFNKEJMGKV KO 4GKEJUFKGPUV WPF 1HHK\KGTU UVCVV 4KVVGTMTGW\GP FGU PQTYGIKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU WPF FGU 1TFGPU FGU $TKVKUEJGP 'ORKTGU #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
177
MINIATURENSCHNALLEN INTERNATIONAL
8853
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV FTGK #WU\GKEJPWPIGP &·PGOCTM (TGKJGKVU /GFCKNNG -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU : 5KNDGT (KPNCPF 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGU (KPPKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU 5KNDGT (KPPNCPF /GFCKNNG 241 $'0+0)#6' *7/#0# FGU (KPPKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU #P 0CFGN /KV FC\W RCUUGPFGT /KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG ++
8854
8855
/+0+#674'05%*0#..'0 70& -'66%*'0 +06'40#6+10#.
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP OKV XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 1UOCPKUEJGU 4GKEJ /GFLKFLKG 1TFGP 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQP WPF #ITCHHG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV (TCPMTGKEJ 'JTGP\GKEJGP GKPGU 1HHK\GTU FG #MCFGOKG UQIGP ō5KNDGTPG #MCFGOKUEJG 2CNOGPŋ 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV 2QTVWICN 1T FGP 7PUGTGT .KGDGP (TCW XQP 8KNC 8KEQUC 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 5QWXGT·PGT /CNVGUGT 4KVVGTQTFGP 1TFGPUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV #O GEJV IQNFGPGP /KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP OKV \YGK 0CFGNP KO 'VWK XQP $CSWGXKNNG KP 2CTKU 5VÒEM ++
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP OKV XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP /Q FGNN 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 5EJYGFGP 9CUCQTFGP /QFGNN
UGKV 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 4WO·PKGP 1TFGP ō-TQPG 4WO·PKGPUŋ /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG .CPFYKTVUEJCHV 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV /KP 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG DGK \YGK /KPKCVWTGP CO -GVVEJGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CP \YGK 0CFGNP 5VÒEM ++ +++
8856
8857
/KPKCVWTGPURCPIG OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP /Q FGNN 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGP UVG WO FKG .CPFYKTVUEJCHV 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP HGJNV 5EJYGFGP 9CUCQTFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV 4WO·PKGP 1TFGP ō-TQPG 4WO·PKGPUŋ /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 4WO·PKGP 1TFGP ō.CPFYKTVUEJCHVU 8GTFKGPUVŋ /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %CTQNU ++ 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV #P 5KNDGTURCPIG OKV 0CFGN KO 'VWK 5VÒEM ++
/KPKCVWTGPURCPIG OKV #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP /QFGNN 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 5QWXGT·PGT /CNVGUGT 4KVVGTQTFGP 1TFGPUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV *GKNKIGT 5VWJN 4KVVGTQTFGP XQO *GKNKIGP )TCD )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ .WZGODWTI /KNKV·T WPF <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP #FQNRJU XQP 0CUUCW -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 6UEJGEJQUNQYCMGK 6UEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO 9GKGP .ÌYGP /QFGNN -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV *GKNKIGT 5VWJN 5KNDGTPGU $GPGOGTGPVKMTGW\ HÒT 8GFKGPUVG WO FCU #WUGTQTFGPVNKEJG *GKNKIG ,CJT FGT 'TNÌUWPI 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV (TCPMTGKEJ -QODCVVCPVGPMTGW\ (TCPMTGKEJ -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG (TCPMTGKEJ /GFCKNNG HÒT GPVHNQJGPG -TKGIUIGHCPIGPG (TCPMTGKEJ 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUV OGFCKNNG FGT 0CVKQPCNGP )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT FGP #PURQTP \WO )WVGP 5KNDGT ,GYGKNU CP $·PFEJGP VGKNU OKV .KV\GP WPF 4QUGVVGP CP -GVEEJGP KO 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU 5VÒEM ++
7OHCPITGKEJGU /KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP GKPGU JQJGP MCVJQNKUEJGP \KXKNGP 9ÒTFGPVT·IGTU YQJN FGT -CVJQNKUEJGP #MVKQP WPF 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU
178
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
-1081.76' +06'40#6+10#.
-QXQNWV XQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP #WU (TCPMTGKEJ FGO +TCM -COGTWP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 2CMKUVCP FGT 6UEJGEJQUNQYCMGK WPF <KODCDYG 8GTUEJKGFGP /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKN NKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU CP $·PFGTP ++
-QPXQNWV XQP 'JTGP #D\GKEJGP WPF $CPFURCPIGP /GKUV HTCP\ÌUKUEJ KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCN NGP VGKN GOCKNNKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU CP $·PFGTP UQYKG GKPG PKEJV VTCIDCTG $TQP \GOGFCKNNG 5VÒEM ++ +++ +8
-QPXQNWV XQP \GJP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 7 C CWU FGO UQIGP &TKVVGP 4GKEJ (TCPMTGKEJ 2TGWGP 4WO· PKGP 5GTDKGP WPF 7PICTP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP OGKUV QJPG $·PFGT 5VÒEM ++ ++p+++
-QPXQNWV XQP 1TFGP 'JTGP WPF #D\GKEJGP 7 C CWU +VCNKGP -CPCFC /CNVGUGTQTFGP /GZKMQ 5QYLGVWPKQP WPF FGO 8CVKMCP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /CVGTKCNKGP CWEJ IGUVKEMV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGF NKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU CP 0CFGNP QFGT $·PFGTP RNWU GKP NGGTGU 'VWK 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP 'VWKU +P WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP )TÌGP W C FTGK )TQMTGW\ WPF FTGK -QOOCPFGWTMTGW \GVWKU KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU OKV 'VKMGVVGP DGMNGDV 5VÒEM ++ +++
5#//.70) 8'4.'+*70)574-70&'0 70& &1-7/'06' &'765%*' 56##6'0 +O (QNIGPFGP IGNCPIV GKPG 5COONWPI XQP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP \W 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CWU &GWVUEJNCPF ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF CPFGTGP GWTQR·KUEJGP 5VCCVGP \WO #WHTWH VGKNU OKV #WVQITCRJGP DGFGWVGPFGT 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKVGP FGT )GUEJKEJVG QFGT CP FKGUG IGTKEJVGV &KG CNNGTOGKUVGP &QMWOGPVG FKG UKEJ XQTYKGIGPF KP GKPGO QTFGPVNKEJGP <WUVCPF DGHKPFGP MÌPPGP FGPPQEJ GKP QFGT OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV UGKP MNGKPG 'KPTKUUG JCDGP QFGT GVYCU UVQEMHNGEMKI UGKP &KGUG CNVGTUDGFKPIVGP )GDTCWEJU URWTGP YGTFGP UQHGTP UKG PKEJV FCU PQTOCNG WPF \WOWVDCTG /C FGWVNKEJ ÒDGTUUVGKIGP KP FGT $GUEJTGKDWPI FGT LGYGKNKIGP &QMWOGPVG PKEJV IGUQPFGTV GTY·JPV FKGUG 'TJCNVWPI OKV FGO <WUVCPF ++ MCVGIQTKUKGTV NVGTG CWUN·PFKUEJG 7TMWPFGP MÌPPGP \WFGO GVYCU DGUEJPKVVGP UGKP YCU YKT LGFQEJ CWHITWPF HGJNGPFGT 8GTINGKEJUOÌINKEJMGKVGP PKEJV HGUVUVGNNGP MÌPGP $KVVG JCDGP 5KG 8GTUV·PFPKU FCHÒT FC YKT WPU NGKFGT IGPGTGNN PKEJV KP FGT .CIG UGJGP &QMWOGPVG PCEJ 9WPUEJ \W RJQVQMQRKGTGP QFGT GKP\WUECPPGP WPF +JPGP FKGUG -QRKGP QFGT &CVGP \WMQOOGP \W NCUUGP FC FGTGP (QTOCV OGKUV FCU (CUUWPIUXGTOÌIGP PQTOCNGT -QRKGTGT WPF 5ECPPGT ÒDGTUVGKIV 9KT YGKUGP CWEJ CP FKGUGT 5VGNNG PQEJ GKPOCN CWUFTÒEMNKEJ CWH FKG IGIGDGPGP WOHCPITGKEJGP /ÌINKEJMGKVGP \WT 8QTDGUKEJVKIWPI FGT &QMWOGPVG KO 8QTHGNF FGT #WMVKQP JKP
-74(ª456'067/ 70& -¤0+)4'+%* $#;'40
/KNKV·T /CZ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT /CLQT #PVQP $CTQP 4GEJDGTI FGU %JGXCWZ NGIGTU 4GIKOGPVU -QGPKI FCVKGTV /ÒPEJGP CO /·T\ OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIK PCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI /CZ + ,QUGRJ 7PF 'TPGPPWPIUFGMTGV \WO 1DGTUVNGWVPCPV HÒT FGP -·OOGTGT WPF /CLQT (TGKJGTTP XQP 4GEJDGTI 1DGTJQHOGKUVGT FGU 2TKP\GP %CTN 6JGQFQT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIK PCNWPVGTUEJTKHVGP XQP -ÌPKI /CZ + ,QUGRJ WPF FGU )TCHGP /QPVIGNCU &C\W XKGT YGKVGTG &QMWOGPVG FGU )GPGTCN /CLQTU )TCH XQP 4GEJDGTI \YKUEJGP WPF UQYKG GKP IGUKGIGNVGT 7OUEJNCI ,GYGKNU OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV WPF VGKNYGKUG OKP GKPIGTKUUGP UQPUV KP IWVGO <WUVCPF 5VÒEM ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG OKV FGT -TQPG HÒT FGP M W M ÌUVGTTGK EJKUEJ WPICTKUEJ *CWRVOCPP 8KMVQT (KUEJGT XQO 5CN\DWTI 1DGTÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIK OGPV FCVKGTV /ÒPEJGP CO ,WPK OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 1TFGPU )TQMCP\NGTU ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV FGT -TQPG WPF OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CO $CPFG HÒT -TKGIUXGTFKGPUV HÒT FGP UVGNNXGTVTGVGPFGP (GNFNC\CTGVV +PURGMVQT 'TPUV 5GKFN XQO (GNFNC\CTGVV 0T FCVKGTV /ÒPEJGP CO ,WNK ++
6JGTGUKGP 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1TFGPUMTGW\ WPF GKPGT 2T·DGPFG XQP HN HÒT #OCNKG .WKUG )GQTIKPG (TG[KP XQP 2QGNNPKV\ FCVKGTV /ÒPEJGP CO ,CPWCT OKV .CEMUKGIGN WPF 1TKIK PCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKIKP 6JGTGUGU XQP $C[GTP 4 ++
179
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
8867
*'4<1)67/ $4#705%*9'+)
*GT\QINKEJ $TCWPUEJYGKIKUEJGT 1TFGP *GKPTKEJ FGU .ÌYGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ ++ -NCUUG HÒT FGP 1DGTCOVUTKEJVGT XQP 4QUGPUVGTP FCVKGTV -KUUKPIGP CO /CK OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKG IGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP 2TKP\ #NDTGEJV XQP 2TGWGP 4GIGPVGP FGU *GT\QIVWOU $TCWPUEJYGKI ++
(4'+' 70& *#05'56#&6 $4'/'0
&KGPUVGJTGP\GKEJGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 5KNDGTPGP -TGW\ HÒT L·JTKIGP /KNKV·TFKGPUV HÒT FGP (ÒUKNKGT %CTN &CXKF (GTFKPCPF *KTUEJ XQO $TGOKUEJGP (ÒUKNKGTDCVCKNNQP FCVKGTV $TGOGP CO ,WPK OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV 4 ++
(ª456'067/ *1*'0<1..'40
(ÒTUVNKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒT 4CNH .CUUGT KP 5KIOCTKPIGP FCVKGTV 5KIOCTKPIGP CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIK PCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP (ÒTUV -CTN #PVQP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP ++
(ª456'067/ .+22'
(ÒTUVNKEJ .KRRKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒT FGP .GWVPCPV #FQNH 5CTVQTKWU XQP $CEJ #FLWVCPVGP FGU 9GUVH·NKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPVU )TCH $ÒNQY XQP &GOOGYKV\ 0T FCVKGTV &GVOQNF CO ,WPK OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU )TCH 4GIGPVGP .GQRQNF XQP .KRRG $KGUVGTHGNF ++
-TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ *CPFUEJTKHVNKEJGU $GUKV\\GWIPKU CWH GKPGO $TKGHDQIGP FGU )GJGKOGP -CDKPGVVU \WO -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ CO YGKGP $CPFG HÒT FGP 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT /CZKOKNKCP 4CMGVVG KP (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP FCVKGTV &GVOQNF CO 0QXGODGT OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU -CDKPGVVUEJGHU CWH -CTVQP CWHIGMNGDV FKG DGKFGP WPVGTGP 'EMGP CDIGTKUUGP LGFQEJ DGKNKGIGPF OKV 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO $CPF +++
5GJT UR·VGU WPF KPVGTGUUCPVGU &QMWOGPV FGPP PWT GKPGP 6CI PCEJ FGUUGP #WUUVGNNWPI CNUQ CO 0QXGODGT FCPMVG (ÒTUV .GQRQNF +8 CD WPF .KRRG YWTFG (TGKUVCCV
180
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE )4155*'4<1)67/ /'%-.'0$74) 5%*9'4+0
5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG UKE $GUKV\WTMWPFG HÒT FGP 5EJNQFKGPGT *KNNLG FGU 'TDITQJGT\QIU XQP 1NFGPDWTI FCVKGTV 5EJYGTKP CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP )TQJGT\QI (TKGFTKEJ (TCP\ +++ ++
/KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ $GUKV\WTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP -CRKV·P \WT 5GG XQP -CTRH -QO OCPFCPVGP XQP 5 / 5 /QNVMG (NÒIGNCFLWVCPV 5 / FGU -CKUGTU WPF -ÌPKIU FCVKGTV 5EJYGTKP CO ,WPK OKV &TWEMUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++
-CTRH YCT WO FKG ,CJTJWPFGTVYGPFG CNU -CRKV·PNGWVPCPV 5GIGNQHHK\KGT FGT 5/; +FWPC FGT ;CEJV -CKUGTKP #WIWUVG 8KMVQTKCU
-¤0+)4'+%* 5#%*5'0
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOVWTMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒT FGP )TQJGT\QINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGP -CDKPGVVUUGMTGV·T WPF -COOGTJGTTP (TGKJGTTP XQP 'INQHHUVGKP FCVKGTV &TGUFGP CO ,WPK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI )GQTIU XQP 5CEJUGP 4 ++ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP -ÌPKI )GQTIU XQP 5CEJUGP UKPF CWHITWPF UGKPGT MWT\GP 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV XQP YGPKI OGJT CNU \YGK ,CJTGP PWT TGNCVKX UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
-¤0+)4'+%* 24'755'0
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP 1DGTUVNGWVPCPV 8KEVQT )TCH 5EJCHHIQVUEJ (NÒIGNCFLWVCPVGP 5 / FGU -CKUGTU WPF -ÌPKIU FCVKGTV )ÒPU CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -CKUGT WPF -ÌPKI 9KNJGNOU ++ ++
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FGU M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP 'KUGPDCJPOKPKUVGTU \WO 2TGWKUEJGP 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGP ++ -NCUUG HÒT &T (TCP\ 5EJQPMC KP 9KGP FCVKGTV 9KGP CO ,WPK OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU /KPKUVGTU ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV \WT &KURQUKVKQP #FCNDGTV XQP 6C[UGP FCVKGTV 2QVUFCO CO /CK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV
-CKUGT WPF -ÌPKI 9KNJGNOU ++ ++
'TKPPGTWPIU\GKEJGP \WT 5KNDGTPGP *QEJ\GKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FKG MÌPKINKEJG -COOGTU·PIGTKP .KNNK .GJOCPP FCVKGTV CO (GDTWCT OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 2TKP\GP 5CNO *QTUVOCT &C\W CP FKG 'ORH·PIGTKP CFTGUUKGTVGT $TKGHWOUEJNCI WPF -ÌPKINKEJG #PPCJOGIGPGJOKIWPI HÒT FKG UEJYGFK UEJG /GFCKNNG HÒT -WPUV WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHV FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO 5GRVGODGT 5VÒEM ++
(TCP\ÌUKUEJG 5V *GNGPC /GFCKNNG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CP FGP RTGWKUEJGP 5VCCVUCPIGJÌTKIGP .GQP JCTF 9KNF OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV #WH -CTVQP CWHIGMNGDV 4 +++
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WUICDG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT + -NCUUG FCVKGTV 5V *KNCKTG NG 2GVKV CO /CK WPF \WT ++ -NCUUG FCVKGTV ÌUVN /QTQPXKNNKGTU CO 5GRVGODGT DGKFG HÒT FGP U·EJUKUEJGP /CLQT WPF $CVCKNNQPU -QOOCPFGWT 'FWCTF *GKPTKEJ 5EJQNN FC\W GKPG YGKVGTG \WT ++ -NCUUG HÒT FGP .GICVKQPUTCV &T (TCP\ 1NUJCWUGP FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO ,WNK 5VÒEM ++
)4155*'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0 9'+/#4
)TQJGT\QINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP FGT 9CEJUCOMGKV QFGT XQO 9GKGP (CNMGP ªDGTUGPFWPIU UEJTGKDGP \WO 8GTNGKJWPIUFKRNQO PGDUV FGP 1TFGPUUVCVWVGP FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU ++ #DVGKNWPI HÒT FGP -CRKV·PNGWVPCPV -CTRH 5GIGNQHHK\KGTU FGT 5/; +FWPC FCVKGTV CO ,WNK 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU )TQJGT\QINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGP 5VCCVOKPKUVGTU WPF 1TFGPUMCP\NGTU 4QVJG ++ -CTRH YCT 5GIGNQHHK\KGT FGT 5/; +FWPC FGT ;CEJV -CKUGTKP #WIWUVG 8KMVQTKCU
(ª456'067/ 9#.&'%-
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT ++ -NCUUG HÒT FGP 2TGOKGT .GWVPCPV #NHTGF 'FOWPF #WIWUVKP XQO *GUUKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPV 0T FCVKGTV #TQNUGP CO ,CPWCT OKV .CEM UKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP (ÒTUV )GQTI 8KMVQT 4 ++
-¤0+)4'+%* 9ª466'/$'4)
&KGPUVGJTGP\GKEJGP $GINCWDKIWPIUUEJGKP \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP *CWRVOCPP \ & -ÌNNG $G\KTMUQHHK\KGT DGKO .CPFYGJTDG\KTM 7NO FCVKGTV 5VWVVICTV CO ,WPK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP ō/CTEJVCNGTŋ ++
ō&'765%*'ŋ 56##6'0
-QPXQNWV XQP XKGT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP \W 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGWVUEJGT 5VCCVGP #WU $CFGP *CODWTI *GUUGP WPF 2TGWGP FC\W UGEJU YGKVGTG &QMWOGPVG WPF 7OUEJN·IG +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ ++p+++ +++
181
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
&'765%*'5 4'+%* 51)'0 9'+/#4'4 4'27$.+-
-QNQPKCNCD\GKEJGP $GUKV\\GWIPKU HÒT &T 1NUJCWUGP FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO /CK OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN FGU #WUY·TVKIGP #OVGU WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV ō$TÒEMPGTŋ ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU &GWVUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP $QVUEJCHVGT &T 1NUJCWUGP FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO #RTKN OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP FGU 4QVGP -TGW\GU ++
8887
&'765%*'5 4'+%* 51)'0 &4+66'5 4'+%*
182
&GWVUEJGU 5RCPKGP -TGW\ )TQG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -TGW\ KP 5KNDGT OKV 5EJYGTVGTP HÒT FGP 1DGTIGHTGKVGP 5KGIHTKGF )ÒPVJGT FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO ,WPK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF (CMUKOKNG 7PVGT UEJTKHV ō#FQNH *KVNGTŋ ++
-TKGIUQTFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU )TQG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU HÒT FGP 1DGTHGNFYGDGN *GTOCPP %QPTCF FCVKGTV CO ,WNK OKV 1TKIKPCN ! 7PVGTUEJTKHV ō#FQNH *KVNGTŋ 2GTICOGPV OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV UEJNGEJVGT <WUVCPF 4 +++p+8
-TKGIUQTFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU -NGKPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 'KUGTPGP -TGW\ -NCUUG HÒT FGP .GWVPCPV *GTDGTV 5EJWN\ FCVKGTV ,WNK OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV )GPG TCNOCLQT ++
-TKGIUQTFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU -NGKPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 'KUGTPGP -TGW\ -NCUUG HÒT FGP 7PVGTQHHK\KGT #PVQP 4WUU FCVKGTV /·T\ OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV ++
-TKGIUQTFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU -NGKPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT 5RCPIG \WO 'KUGTPGP -TGW\ -NCUUG HÒT FGP -CRKV·P \WT 5GG +PI 5VKGIGN FCVKGTV 9KNJGNOUJCXGP CO &G\GODGT OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP 8K\GCFOKTCN WPF (NQVVGPEJGH /CTUEJCNN ++
-TKGIUQTFGP FGU -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\GU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒT FGP &KTGMVQT *CPU .KPFGOCPP KP *CODWTI FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF (CMUKOKNG 7PVGTUEJTKHV ō#FQNH *KVNGTŋ ++
-TKGIUQTFGP FGU -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\GU -NGKPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒT FGP -CRKV·P \WT 5GG 8 /CZ (NGKUEJJCWGT XQO (NQVVGPMQOOCPFQ FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -CRKV·P \WT 5GG ++
-QPXQNWV XQP PGWP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP WPF $GUKV\\GWIPKUUGP 7 C \WO 'KUGTPGP -TGW\ -NCUUG
\WO -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP \WO UEJYCT\GP 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP WPF \WT /GFCKNNG 9KPVGTUEJNCEJV KO 1UVGP UQYKG *GNFGPVQF 7TMWPFG +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP 'TJCNVWP IGP 5VÒEM ++ ++p+++ +++
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
8895
$70&'54'27$.+- &'765%*.#0& 5'+6
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ CO $CPF HÒT /CVVJKCU 1GTHHNKPI FCVKGTV $QPP CO /CK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP $WPFGURT·UKFGPV 6JGQFQT *GWUU ++
&'765%*.#0& )4722'0
7TMWPFGP 6GKN 0CEJNC FGU 1DGTOCUEJKPKUVGP *GTOCPP $QEM /GV\PGT XQP 5/; *QJGP\QNNGTP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG FCVKGTV 9KNJGNOUJCXGP CO #WIWUV &·PKUEJGT &CPGDTQI 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ FCVKGTV #WIWUV OKV +PHQTOCVKQPUDNCVV ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGT 'KUGTPGP -TQPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT +++ -NCUUG FCVKGTV 9KGP CO ,WNK 5EJYGFKUEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ FCVKGTV 5VQEMJQNO CO #WIWUV 8QTN·WHKIGU $GUKV\\GWIPKU HÒT FCU 'KUGTPG -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG FCVKGTV 5 / 5 &GWVUEJNCPF CO (GDTWCT 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -QPVGTCFOKTCN 'JTGPMTGW\ HÒT (TQPV M·ORHGT FCVKGTV -KGN CO 0QXGODGT .GGTGT CP $QEM /GV\PGT CFTGUUKGTVGT 7OUEJNCI FGT -CP\NGK FGU MCKUGTNKEJ ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP (TCP\ ,QUGRJ 1TFGPU 'ORHCPIUDGUEJGKPKIWPI HÒT 4/ HÒT FGP M·WHNKEJ GTYQTDGPGP -TQPGPQTFGP -NCUUG FCVKGTV -KGN CO /·T\ +P WPVGTUEJKGFNK EJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ ++p+++
&GT \WO 1DGTUVCDUKPIGPKGWT CWHIGUVKGIGPG XQTOCNKIG 1DGTOCUEJKPKUV FGT MCKUGTNKEJ ;CEJV 5/; *QJGP\QNNGTP *GTOCP $QEM /GV\PGT KUV IGUVQTDGP #WU FGP 7TMWPFGP KUV GTUKEJVNKEJ FC GT +PJCDGT GKPGT ICP\GP 4GKJG XQP KP WPF CWUN·PFKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP IGYGUGP KUV
-¤0+)4'+%* $'.)+'0
-QPXQNWV XQP PGWP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP 7 C \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU .GQRQNF 1TFGPU \WO 1HHK\KGTMTGW\ FGU .GQRQNF 1TFGPU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ FGU -TQPGPQTFGPU WPF \WT 'TKPPG TWPIUOGFCKNNG UQYKG GKPG )GHCNNGPGP 7TMWPFG CWU FGO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI +P WPVGTUEJKGFNK EJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ ++p+++ +++
$7.)#4+'0 (ª456'067/ $7.)#4+'0
/GFCKNNG ō(ÒT 8GTFKGPUV =Ìåäàë „ÇC Çàñëóãà“? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT $TQP\GPGP /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG HÒT FGP .CKDNCMCKGP .QTGP\ 5VÌJT FCVKGTV 5QHKC CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIK PCNWPVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
1TFGP (ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „Ça Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\
UKE HÒT FGP -CKUGTNKEJGP 4CV ,QJCPP -TGP\GT KP 9KGP FCVKGTV 5QHKC CO 0QXGODGT OKV 2T· IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV OÌINKEJGTYGKUG XQP (ÒTUV (GTFKPCPF + ! 4 ++
183
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE <#4'067/ $7.)#4+'0
1TFGP (ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\
UKE HÒT )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV FCVKGTV 5QHKC CO /CK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP &C\W QHHK\KGNNG ªDGTUGV\WPI GKPGT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FGT +++ -NCUUG FGU 1UOCPKLKG 1TFGPU FCVKGTV 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí „ÇC Âîåííà Çàñëóãà“? CWEJ ō/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ UKE OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP HÒT FGP M W M ÌUVGTTGK EJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP *CWRVOCPP 2CWN 9GE\GTGM FCVKGTV 5QHKC CO ,WPK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7P VGTUEJTKHVGP ++
.¾QP )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV YCT %JGH FGT &KXKUKQP FGT 2QNK\GKRT·HGMVWT KP 2CTKU
4'27$.+- (+00.#0&
1TFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT FGP 4GIKGTWPIU FKTGMVQT 1VVQ $ -QEJ FCVKGTV *GNUKPMK CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHVGP XQP 1TFGPUMCP\NGT WPF UGMTGV·T <WUCOOGP OKV ªDGTUGV\WPI WPF +PHQTOCVKQPUDNCVV 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP XKGT XGTUEJKGFGPGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP XQP HKPPKUEJGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP +P WPVGT UEJKGFNKEJGT 'TJCNVWPI 5VÒEM ++
(4#0-4'+%* -¤0+)4'+%* (4#0-4'+%* #0%+'0 4')+/' $+5
-ÌPKINKEJGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO JN .WFYKI *CPFUEJTKHVNKEJG 8GTNGKJWPIU #PMÒPFKIWPI \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT 5 FG $GNDG\G XQP FGT )CTFG FW EQTRU FGU -ÌPKIU FCVKGTV /CTN[ CO ,CPWCT OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV \WUCOOGP OKV IGFTWEMVGO +PHQTOCVKQPUDNCVV 5VÒEM ++
(4#0-4'+%* -1056+676+10'..' /10#4%*+'
-ÌPKINKEJGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO JN .WFYKI 8GTNGKJWPIU #PMÒPFKIWPI \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT GKPGP GJGOCNKIGP &TCIQPGT 1HHK\KGT FCVKGTV 2CTKU CO #RTKN OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIK PCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI .WFYKIU :8+ UQYKG YGKVGTGP 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP 4 ++
8907 8906
(4#0<¤5+5%*' 41;#.+56'0 +/ ':+.
-ÌPKINKEJGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO JN .WFYKI 8GTNGKJWPIU #PMÒPFKIWPI \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT -CXCNGTKG 1DGTUV $CTQP FG /QPVCNGODGTV FCVKGTV 9KODWTI CO 1MVQDGT OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGT UEJTKHV %JCTNGU 2JKNKRRG )TCH XQP #TVQKU WPF \WMÒPHVKIGT -ÌPKI %JCTNGU : 4 ++
%JCTNGU 2JKNKRRG %QOVG F #TVQKU LÒPIGTGT $TWFGT FGT -ÌPKIG .WFYKI :8+ WPF .WFYKI :8+++ DGHCPF UKEJ CD KO 'ZKN KP &GWVUEJNCPF WPF YWTFG XQP UGKPGO $TWFGT FGO -ÌPKI KO 'ZKN .WFYKI :8+++ \WO )GPGTCN 5VCVVJCNVGT FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU (TCPMTGKEJ GTPCPPV 0CEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGU $TWFGTU DGUVKGI GT CNU -ÌPKI -CTN : FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6JTQP YWTFG HGKGTNKEJ IGMTÌPV OWVG CDGT CDFCPMGP &GT NGV\VG HTCP \ÌUKUEJG -ÌPKI FGT $QWTDQPGP &[PCUVKG UVCTD KO 'ZKN KP )ÌT\
-¤0+)4'+%* (4#0-4'+%* <9'+6' 4'56#74#6+10
184
-ÌPKINKEJGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO JN .WFYKI -CUUGP 3WKVVWPI ÒDGT GKPG 5KGIGNIGDÒJT XQP (T HÒT FKG 'TVGKNWPI FGU 5KGIGNU CWH FGT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT FGP $CTQP )WGVCTG FG NC RQTVG FCVKGTV 2CTKU CO /·T\ ++
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP HÒT ,GCP 4¾P¾ %JC VGNCKP FCVKGTV 6WKNGTKGP CO /CK OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 1TFGPU )TQMCP\NGTU /CE&QPCNF GKPG 'EMG DGUEJPKVVGP ++p+++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP HÒT ,GCP 4¾P¾ %JCVG NCKP FCVKGTV 6WKNGTKGP CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 1TFGPU )TQMCP\NGTU /CE&QPCNF #WH -CTVQP CWHIGMNGDV QDGP VNY UV·TMGT DGUEJ·FKIV JCPFUEJTKHVNKEJG 'KPVTC IWPIGP VNY UVCTM XGTDNCUUV /KV DGHGUVKIVGT 1TKIKPCN &GMQTCVKQP CO $CPF VNY DGUEJ·FKIV 5VÒEM ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 0CVKQPCNICTFG XQP 2CTKU )TQG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP /WUKM 1HHK\KGT / /GUUCN FCVKGTV 2CTKU CO /CK OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP /GJTHCEJ XGTHNGEMV 4 ++p+++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT .KNKG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 'JTGP\GKEJGP CO YGKGP $CPF OKV ITÒPGP 4·PFGTP HÒT FGP )TGPCFKGT .QWKU ,QUGRJ ,QDGTV FCVKGTV 2CTKU CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP /GJTHCEJ JKPVGTMNGDV +++
8912
(4#0<¤5+5%*'5 -¤0+)4'+%* $ª4)'4-¤0+)67/
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP 8GTNGKJWPIU /KVVGKNWPI \WO 4KVVGT HÒT / 5Q[GT KP 2CTKU FCVKGTV CO #WIWUV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++
,WNK 'JTGP\GKEJGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP $ÒTIGT 2CEQV F [GPPG FCVKGTV CO #WIWUV OKV OGJTGTGP 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP /GJTHCEJ JKPVGTMNGDV WPF FGWVNKEJ UVQEMHNGEMKI ++p+++
<9'+6'5 (4#0<¤5+5%*'5 -#+5'44'+%*
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT 1HHK\KGTU &GMQTCVKQP HÒT FGP $CVCKNNQP UEJGH 2KGTTG .CPPGDKV XQO .KPKGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPV FCVKGTV 6WKNGTKGP CO #RTKN OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++p
/KNKV·T /GFCKNNG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT %JCTNGU ,COGU XQO .KPKGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPV FCVKGTV 2CTKU CO 5GRVGODGT OKV PWT VNY CWUIGRT·IVGP 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP 5EJTKHVGP VNY XGTDNCUUV ++p+++
5V *GNGPC /GFCKNNG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP GJGOCNKIGP 5GTIGCPVGP 3WGNCKP OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++p+++
$TKVKUEJG -TKO /GFCKNNG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT /GFCKNNG OKV FGT )GHGEJVUURCPIG 5'$#56121. HÒT FGP (WUKNKGT 2KGTTG )CNDKV XQO .KPKGP 4GIKOGPV FCVKGTV CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP 5VCTM XGTIKNDV +++
&4+66' 8+'46' 70& (ª0(6' (4#0<¤5+5%*' 4'27$.+- 5'+6
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQQHHK\KGT HÒT FGP MÌPKINKEJ U·EJUK UEJGP #WGPOKPKUVGT XQP /GVUEJ FCVKGTV 2CTKU CO ,WNK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP -QPXQNWV XQP XKGT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP \YGK \WO 4KVVGT WPF \YGK \WO 1HHK\KGT CWU FGP ,CJTGP DKU &CDGK GKPG GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVG 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP KP .WZWU #WUHÒJTWPI CP FGT DGVTGHHGPFGP 7TMWPFG DGHGUVKIV &C\W 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ FGU 1TFGPU XQO 5EJYCT\GP 5VGTP XQP $¾PKP FCVKGTV 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP WPF &QMWOGPVGP &CXQP FTGK OKV FGT FCTCWH DGHGUVKIVGP LGYGKNU \WIGJÌTKIGP #WU\GKEJPWPI /KNKV·T /GFCKNNG 8GTFWP /GFCKNNG WPF 'JTGPOGFCKNNG FGT 2QNK\GK FKGUG CWEJ OKV /KPKCVWT UQYKG W C -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG WPF )GHCNNGPGP 7TMWPFG CWU FGO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI +P WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ +++ +8
185
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
)4+'%*'0.#0&
<9'+6'5 -¤0+)4'+%* )4+'%*'0.#0&
-ÌPKINKEJGT 'TNÌUGT 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT GKPGP *GTTP -CTRH OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI )GQTIU + ++
-CTRH YCT WO FKG ,CJTJWPFGTVYGPFG CNU -CRKV·PNGWVPCPV 5GIGNQHHK\KGT FGT 5/; +FWPC FGT ;CEJV -CKUGTKP #WIWUVG 8KMVQTKCU
-ÌPKINKEJGT 'TNÌUGT 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )QNFGP -TGW\ 1HHK\KGT HÒT GKPGP &T 9KFG OCPP OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI )GQTIU + ++
8'4'+0+)6'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 810 )4155$4+6#00+'0 70& 014&+4.#0&
&GT UGJT #WUIG\GKEJPGVG 1TFGP XQO JN /KEJCGN WPF XQO JN )GQTI 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KV VGT -QOOCPFGWT -PKIJV %QOOCPFGT - % / ) HÒT FGP $QVUEJCHVGT KP $WMCTGUV 9KNNKCO #TVJWT 9JKVG FCVKGTV 9KPFUQT CO /·T\ OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHVGP FGT -ÌPK IKP 8KMVQTKC WPF FGU )TQOGKUVGTU 2TKP\ )GQTIG 4 ++
&GT UGJT *GTXQTTCIGPFG 1TFGP FGU +PFKUEJGP 'ORKTGU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )GHQNIUOCPP
%QORCPKQP % + ' HÒT FGP 1DGTUVNGWVPCPV *WIJ #NCP %COGTQP XQP FGP 4Q[CN 'PIKPGGTU FCVKGTV 5V ,COGU U CO ,CPWCT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP -ÌPKI )GQTI 8 WPF XQP #WUVGP %JCODGTNCKP ++
&GT -ÌPKINKEJG 8KMVQTKC 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWT HÒT (TGFGTKE ,GWPG 9KNNCPU FCVKGTV 5V ,COGU U CO 0QXGODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP -ÌPKI )GQTI
8 <WUCOOGP OKV ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJGKDGP \WT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG 5VÒEM ++
&GT -ÌPKINKEJG 8KMVQTKC 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO /KVINKGF -NCUUG /GODGT VJ ENCUU HÒT FGP M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP *CWRVOCPP 8KEVQT (KUEJGT XQO +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPV 'T\JGT \QI 4CKPGT FCVKGTV 5V ,COGU U CO #WIWUV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP -ÌPKI 'FWCTF 8++ <WUCOOGP OKV ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJGKDGP \WT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG 5VÒEM ++
&GT -ÌPKINKEJG 8KMVQTKC 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO /KVINKGF -NCUUG /GODGT VJ ENCUU HÒT (GTFKPCPF &GKVGPJQHGP 'FNGT XQP 0GWGPUVCOO XQP FGT 9KGPGT *QHDWTI FCVKGTV $WEMKPIJCO 2CNCEG CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP -ÌPKI 'FWCTF 8++ <WUCOOGP OKV ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJGKDGP \WT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG 5VÒEM ++
+06'40#6+10#.' 70& )'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0
/GNWUKPGP 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ HÒT 2GVGT %CLGVCP $QWXKGT KP )TC\ FCVKGTV 0GWKNN[ 2CTKU CO 0QXGODGT OKV DGUEJ·FKIVGO 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU )TQOGKUVGT )W[ FG .WUKIPCP 6NY \GTMPKVVGTV WPF DGUEJ·FKIV 44 ++
8929
4'27$.+- +6#.+'0 5'+6 186
+6#.+'0
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT +VCNKGPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT 1VVQ .GJPGT FCVKGTV 4QO CO #WIWUV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE +6#.+'0 )4155*'4<1)67/ 615-#0#
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP WPVGT FGO 6KVGN FGU JN ,QUGRJ 8GTNGKJWPIU #PMÒPFKIWPI \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT %JCTNGU ,GCP 5CNNCPFTQW\G FG .COQTPCKZ FCVKGTV (NQTGP\ CO /·T\ <WUCOOGP OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 6TCIGIGPGJOKIWPI FCVKGTV 2CTKU CO &GODGT OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP )GPGTCN %QOVG & 1TPCPQ )TQMCP\NGTU FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP UQYKG \YGK YGKVGTGP FKGUDG\ÒINKEJGP &QMWOGPVGP 5VÒEM ++
-¤0+)4'+%* +6#.+'0
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQMTGW\ HÒT FGP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV #FQNH XQP &GKPGU -QOOCPFGWT FGT /KNKV·T &KXKUKQP KP (TCPMHWTV FCVKGTV 4QO CO ,CPWCT OKV 2T· IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT 8KP\GP\ 4KVVGT WPF 'FNGT XQP /QTCYKV\ FCVKGTV 4QO CO /·T\ OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP <WUCOOGP OKV QHHK\KGNNGT ªDGTUGV\WPI ++
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT )KQXCPPK &G )TGIQTKQ FCVKGTV 4QO CO &G\GODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
)4155*'4<1)67/ .7:'/$74)
1TFGP FGT 'KEJGPMTQPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV FCVKGTV *QJGPDQWTI CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
.¾QP )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV YCT %JGH FGT &KXKUKQP FGT 2QNK\GKRT·HGMVWT KP 2CTKU
1TFGP FGT 'KEJGPMTQPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT GKPGP *GTTP 5Q[GT FCVKGTV &GP *CCI CO 0QXGODGT OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++p+++
1TFGP FGT 'KEJGPMTQPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT FGP *CWRV OCPP FG (TCPEQKU #FLWVCPV FGU /KNKV·T )QWXGTPGWTU FGT (GUVWPI .WZGODWTI FCVKGTV 9CNHGTFCPIG CO ,WPK OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
/KNKV·T WPF <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP #FQNRJU XQP 0CUUCW 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG KP FGWVUEJGT 5RTCEJG \WO )TQMTGW\ HÒT FGP MÌPKINKEJ RTGWKUEJGP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV \WT &KURQUKVKQP (TKGFTKEJ XQP #TPQNFK FCVKGTV 5EJNQ 9CNHGTFKPIGP CO ,WNK OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV )TQJGT \QI #FQNRJU *GT\QIU XQP 0CUUCW ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT FKG .WZGODWTIKUEJGP (TGKYKNNKIGP FGU -TKGIGU 8GTNGKJWPIUWT MWPFG HÒT FKG 7PCDJ·PIKIG )TWRRKGTWPI FGT /CSWKUCTFU FCVKGTV .WZGODWTI CO 0QXGODGT OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHVGP FGT )TQJGT\QIKP %JCTNQVVG WPF FGU /KPKUVGTU HÒT FKG DGYCHHPGVG /CEJV 4 ++
&KG 7PCDJ·PIKIG )TWRRKGTWPI FGT /CSWKUCTFU )TQWRG +PF¾RGPFGPVG FGU /CSWKUCTFU YCTGP GKPG NWZGODWTIKUEJG 9KGFGTUVCPFUITWRRG FGTGP /KVINKGFGT Y·JTGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU CNU (TGKYKNNKIG KP FGP #TOGGP FGT #NNKKGTVGP IGFKGPV JCDGP
5178'4 0'4 /#.6'5'4 4+66'414&'0 5178'4 0'4 4+66'4 70& *152+6#.14&'0 81/ *. ,1*#00'5 <7 ,'475#.'/ 810 4*1&15 70& 810 /#.6#
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO *CNUMTGW\ HÒT FGP 1DGTUVNGWVPCPV ,QJCPP XQP -QUVKCN <KXCPQ XKE FCVKGTV 9KGP CO ,WNK OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV <WUCOOGP OKV \YGK 5VCVWVGPDN·VVGTP ++
(ª456'067/ /10#%1
1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP -CTN 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT FGP HÒTUVNKEJ JQJGP\QNNGTPUEJGP 4CV .CUUGT FCVKGTV /QPCEQ CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
/106'0')41 (ª456'067/ 70& -¤0+)4'+%* /106'0')41
1TFGP FGU (ÒTUVGP &CPKNQ + =1ðäåí Êíüàçà Äàíèëà +? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT )WUVCX )TCH -±NPQM[ FCVKGTV CO (GDTWCT OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP (ÒTUV 0KMQNCK 4 ++
)WUVCX 5KIOWPF )TCH -±NPQM[ (TGKJGTT XQP -ÌTÌURCVCM M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGT #WGPOKPK UVGT XQP DKU
1TFGP FGU (ÒTUVGP &CPKNQ + =1ðäåí Êíüàçà Äàíèëà +? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT )GPGTCN ,GCP &GIQWVVG %JGH FGU )GPGTCNUVCDU FGT #TOGG FCVKGTV 2CTKU CO #WIWUV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP -ÌPKI 0KMQNCK <WUCOOGP OKV QHHK\KGNNGT ªDGTUGV\WPI KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG ++
187
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
-¤0+)4'+%* &'4 0+'&'4.#0&'
/KNKV·T 9KNJGNO 1TFGP (TCP\ÌUKUEJG #PPCJOG WPF 6TCIGIGPGJOKIWPI \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP 8K\G #FOKTCN %JCTNGU *GPTK %QOVG 8GT *WGNN 2CKT FG (TCPEG FCVKGTV 2CTKU CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2T·IG UKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU )TQMCP\NGTU FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP /CTUEJCNN )¾TCTF ++
1TFGP XQO 0KGFGTN·PFKUEJGP .ÌYGP 8GTNGKJWPIU #PMÒPFKIWPI ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP WPF ÌUVGTTGK EJKUEJG #PPCJOG WPF 6TCIGIGPGJOKIWPI \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT &T -QPUVCPVKP 9WT\DCEJ XQO MM +P PGPOKPKUVGTKWO CWU FGO ,CJTG LGYGKNU OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV 5VÒEM ++
1TCPKGP 0CUUCW 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1HHK\KGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP HÒT FGP FGWVUEJGP *CWRVOCPP *GNOWVJ )TKRR FCVKGTV *GV .QQ CO /CK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV <W UCOOGP OKV FGT FGWVUEJGP #PPCJOGIGPGJOKIWPI XQO #RTKN OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF (CMUKOKNG 7PVGTUEJTKHV ō#FQNH *KVNGTŋ ++
1TCPKGP 0CUUCW 1TFGP )TQG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1HHK\KGTMTGW\ HÒT %QTPGNKU 1XGTYCVGT FCVKGTV CO &G\GODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
1TCPKGP 0CUUCW 1TFGP )TQG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1HHK\KGTMTGW\ HÒT #TGPF ,QPMGT FCVKGTV U )TCXGPJCIG CO #WIWUV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP /GJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV <WUCOOGP OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUCPMÒPFKIWPI XQO ,WNK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP 5VÒEM ++
0149')'0 -¤0+)4'+%* 0149')'0 2'4510#.70+10 /+6 5%*9'&'0 $+5
-ÌPKINKEJ 0QTYGIKUEJGT 5CPMV 1NCXU 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒT /CLQT XQP 2HWGN (NÒIGNCFLWVCPV FGU &GWVUEJGP -CKUGTU FCVKGTV 5VQEMJQNO CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI 1UECTU ++ 4 ++
¤56'44'+%*
-#+5'44'+%* ¤56'44'+%*
1TFGP XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU 2GTUÌPNKEJGU ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP /QP %QWUKP -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJU + KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG CP )WUVCX )TCH -±NPQM[ XQP -ÌTÌURCVCM \WT 1TFGPUMQNNCPG FCVKGTV 9KGP CO #RTKN OKV ITQGO 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN FGU 1TFGPU WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJU \WUCOOGP OKV YGKVGTGO $GINGKVUEJTGKDGP 44 ++
$GFGWVGPFGU &QMWOGPV OKV GKPGO RTCEJVXQNNGP 5KGIGN KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 'TJCNVWPI )WUVCX 5KIOWPF )TCH -±NPQM[ (TGKJGTT XQP -ÌTÌURCVCM M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGT #WGPOKPK UVGT XQP DKU 'T YWTFG CNU 4KVVGT KP FGP 1TFGP CWHIGPQOOGP &C FGT 1TFGP WTURTÒPINKEJ CWU $WTIWPF UVCOOV KUV (TCP\ÌUKUEJ UGKPG QHHK\KGNNG 5RTCEJG &KG 1TFGPUTKVVGT YGTFGP XQO 5QWXGT·P FGU 1TFGPU CNU 8GVVGTP =EQWUKP? CPIGTGFGV
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT .GQRQNF 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUOKVVGKNWPI FGT 1TFGPMCP\NGK \WO )TQMTGW\ HÒT (GNFOCTUEJCNN .GWVPCPV ,QUGH .CVQWT XQP 6JWTPDWTI FCVKGTV 9KGP CO ,WNK OKV 7PVGT UEJTKHV ++
<W FKGUGO <GKVRWPMV YCT GT CWEJ M M YKTMNKEJGT IGJGKOGT 4CV WPF W C -QOOCPFGWT FGU 5V 5VGHCP 1TFGPU
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT .GQRQNF 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUOKVVGKNWPI \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT FGP )GPGTCN /CLQT WPF $TKICFKGT XQP 5EJÒVVG FCVKGTV 9KGP CO 0QXGODGT OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT .GQRQNF 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUOKVVGKNWPI FGT 1TFGPMCP\NGK \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT 1DGTUV ,QUGH .CVQWT XQP 6JWTPDWTI FCVKGTV 9KGP CO ,WPK OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV <WUCOOGP OKV IGUKGIGNVGO 8GTUCPFEQWXGTV ++
1DGTUV ,QUGH .CVQWT XQP 6JWTPDWTI YCT \W FKGUGT <GKV (NÒIGNCFLWVCPV FGU -CKUGTU WPF FGO -TQPRTKP\GP 4WFQNRJ \WT &KGPUVNGKUVWPI \WIGVGKNV
188
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT .GQRQNF 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUOKVVGKNWPI FGT 1TFGPMCP\NGK \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT &T 9NCFKOKT )NQDQEPKM 'FNGT XQP 5QTQFQNUMK /KPKUVGTKCNTCV KO M M (KPCP\OKPKUVGTKWO FCVKGTV 9KGP CO &G\GODGT OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV \WUCOOGP OKV FGT <CJNWPIUCWHHQTFGTWPI HÒT FKG 5EJTGKD WPF 5KGIKNNKGTWPIUIGDÒJT HÒT FKG 'TUVGNNWPI FGU 1TFGPUFKRNQOU KP *ÌJG XQP -TQPGP 5VÒEM ++
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT .GQRQNF 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQ TCVKQP HÒT FGP )GPGTCNOCLQT (TCP\ 4KVVGT 9GKUU XQP /CKPRTWII -QOOCPFCPV FGT +PHCPVGTKGDTKICFG FCVKGTV 9KGP CO #RTKN OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 1TFGPUMCP\NGTU 4 ++
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGT 'KUGTPGP -TQPG )TQG OGJTUGKVKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT ,QUGRJ (TGKJGTT XQP $TWMGPVJCN FCVKGTV 9KGP CO #RTKN OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJU 2GTICOGPV CEJV 5GKVGP RTCEJVXQNN XQTYKGIGPF KP )QNF KNNWOKPKGTV OKV <YKUEJGP DN·VVGTP KP TQVGO 5COV IGDWPFGP GVYCU DGUVQGP OKV CPJ·PIGPFGO ITQGP 9CEJU 1TFGPUUKGIGN KP /GUUKPIMCRUGN &GEMGN HGJNV ++
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGT 'KUGTPGP -TQPG 8GTNGKJWPIUOKVVGKNWPI FGT 1TFGPMCP\NGK \WT +++ -NCUUG HÒT FGP $WTIJCWRVOCPP #PVQP 0KEMNCU KP 9KGP FCVKGTV 9KGP CO ,CPWCT OKV 7PVGT UEJTKHV ++
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJ -CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGT 'KUGTPGP -TQPG 1TFGPUUVCVWVGP GKPUEJNKGNKEJ FGU 0CEJ VTCIU XQO #RTKN KP FGWVUEJGT WPF KVCNKGPKUEJGT 5RTCEJG 5GKVGP WPF CEJV $KNFVCHGNP KO DNCWGP 'KPDCPF ++
-CKUGTNKEJ ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP )TQG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOVWTMTGW\ OKV 5VGTP HÒT FGP *QHTCV &T -CTN 2GNUGT XQP (ÒTPDGTI FCVKGTV 9KGP CO /·T\ OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJU 8GTUEJOWV\V WPF VNY CP FGP (CNVUVGNNGP GKPIGTKUUGP +++
-CKUGTNKEJ ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FGU EJKPGUKUEJGP )GPGTCN <QNNKPURGMVQTU KP 2GMKPI HÒT GKP 4KVVGTMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP CP FGP DGNIKUEJGP -QPUWN 6JQOCU 6 (GTIWUUQP KP %JGHQQ %JKPC FCVKGTV 2GPMKPI CO (GDTWCT OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++
-CKUGTNKEJ ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP 1TFGPUUVCVWVGP GKPUEJNKGNKEJ FGU 0CEJVTCIU XQO /·T\ 5GKVGP WPF XKGT (CTDVCHGNP KO DNCWGP 'KPDCPF ++
*QEJCFGNKIGT 5VGTPMTGW\ 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT 'NGQPQTG 4GKEJUIT·HKP XQP WPF \W *QGPU DTQGEJ IGD 2TKP\GUUKP \W 9KPFKUEJ )T·V\ FCVKGTV 9KGP CO #RTKN OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -CKUGTKP 'NKUCDGVJU 4 ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT ++ -NCUUG OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP ++ -NCUUG HÒT FGP )GPGTCNOCLQT 4CP\ 4KVVGT 9GKUU 6KJCP[K XQP /CKPRTWII FCVKGTV 9KGP CO ,WNK OKV 2T·IGUKG IGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT ++ -NCUUG OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP ++ -NCUUG HÒT FGP (GNF\GWIOGKUVGT (GTFKPCPF 4KVVGT )QINKC XQP <NQVC .KRC FCVKGTV 9KGP CO ,CPWCT OKV 2T·IG UKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP 1DGTUVNGWVPCPV (GTFKPCPF )QINKC FCVKGTV 9KGP CO ,WPK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP *CWRVOCPP (TCP\ 4KVVGT XQP 9GKUU FCVKGTV 9KGP CO #RTKN OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP HÒT FGP .GWVPCPV *GKPTKEJ &GF[ FCVKGTV 9KGP CO #WIWUV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
8GTNGKJWPI CWU FGP GTUVGP 6CIGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP HÒT 'FWCTF .KPFPGT X $KGPGPYCNF KP #PGTMGPPWPI JGTXQTTCIGPF VCRHGTGT WPF XQT\ÒINKEJGT UQPUV XGTFKGPUVNKEJGT .GKUVWPIGP KO FKGUL·JTK IGP (GNF\WIG IGIGP 2TGWGP FCVKGTV 9KGP CO 1MVQDGT OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP 4 ++
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )QNFGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV FGT -TQPG CO $CPFG FGT 6CRHGT MGKVUOGFCKNNG HÒT FGP $CJP 1DGT 4GXKFGPVGP #NQKU ,ÌDUVN 5VCVKQPUXQTUVCPF KP 0KGFGTFQTH FCVKGTV 9KGP CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++
-QPXQNWV XQP CEJV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP 7 C HÒT FKG 5KNDGTPG WPF $TQP\GPG /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVOG FCKNNG CO $CPF FGU /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVMTGW\GU WPF HÒT FKG /KNKV·TFKGPUV\GKEJGP WPF -NCUUG HÒT 1HHK \KGTG &C\W #DUEJKGFUWTMWPFG FGU - - .GKDICTFG 4GKVGT 4GIKOGPVU XQO ,CPWCT +P WPVGT UEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ -QPXQNWV XQP \YGK ITQGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP \WO 1HHK\KGTU 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF \WT 5KNDGTPGP 'JTGPOGFCKNNG LGYGKNU OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP FTGK 8GTNGKJWPIU CPMÒPFKIWPIGP WPF GKP YGKVGTGU FKGUDG\ÒINKEJGU &QMWOGPV LGYGKNU OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP 5VÒEM ++
8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FGT -CKUGTKP 'NKUCDGVJ \WO )TQGP #PVTKVV (ÒT FGP M M YKTMNKEJGP IGJGKOGP 4CV WPF -·OOGTGT /KPKUVGT FGU MCKUGTNKEJGP *CWUGU WPF )GPGTCNOCLQT )WUVCX )TCH -±NPQM[ XQP -ÌTÌU 2CVCM FCVKGTV )ÌFÌNNÌ CO 0QXGODGT OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 1DGTJQHOGKUVGTU FGT -CKUGTKP 4 ++
)WUVCX 5KIOWPF )TCH -±NPQM[ (TGKJGTT XQP -ÌTÌURCVCM M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGT #WGPOKPK UVGT XQP DKU
189
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
8972
8973
/CTKCPGTMTGW\ FGU &GWVUEJGP 4KVVGTQTFGPU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO *CNUMTGW\ HÒT 4KEECTFQ 5CP\ FG 5CORGT FCVKGTV +PPUDTWEM CO &G\GODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU *QEJOGKUVGTU 'T\JGT\QI 'WIGP 4 ++
5CORGT YCT \W FKGUGT <GKV YKTMNKEJGT )GJGKOGT -·OOGTGT 2CRUV 2KWU : UR·VGT WPVGT 2CRUV 2KWU :+ /CLQTFQOWU WPF 2T·HGMV FGU #RQUVQNKUEJGP 2CNCUVGU KO 8CVKMCP
ō56 0&'56##6ŋ ¤56'44'+%*
¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ + -NCUUG HÒT $GTPJCTF *GT\ OCPUM[ FCVKGTV 9KGP CO #WIWUV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++
21.'0
'456' 4'27$.+- 21.'0
1TFGP 2QNQPKC 4GUVKVWVC 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQMTGW\ HÒT /QPUKIPQTG 4KEECTFQ FG 5CORGT /CLQTFQOWU WPF 2T·HGMV FGU #RQUVQNKUEJGP 2CNCUVGU KO 8CVKMCP FCVKGTV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP <WUCOOGP OKV )NÒEMYWPUEJUEJTGKDGP FGU RQNPKUEJGP $QVUEJCHVGTU DGKO *GKNKIGP 5VWJN 5VÒEM ++
21467)#. -¤0+)4'+%* 21467)#. $+5
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP 7PUGTGU *GTTP ,GUWU %JTKUVWU 'TPGPPWPIUUEJTGKDGP \WO 4KVVGT HÒT 4 .CUUGT KP 5KIOCTKPIGP FCVKGTV .KUUCDQP CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV ō4GKŋ XQP -ÌPKI .WKU + 4 ++
47/ 0+'0 -¤0+)4'+%* 47/ 0+'0
190
1TFGP 5VGTP 4WO·PKGPU CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQQH HK\KGT HÒT FGP &KXKUKQPUIGPGTCN *GNIG #TVJWT #WNGD FCVKGTV $WMCTGUV CO /·T\ OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI /KJCKU 4 ++
1TFGP 5VGTP 4WO·PKGPU CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QO OCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT * .CUUGT KP 5KIOCTKPIGP FCVKGTV 5KIOCTKPIGP CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2T·IGUKG IGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI %CTQNU + ++
1TFGP -TQPG 4WO·PKGPU CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·PKGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQQH HK\KGT HÒT *GTOCPP &CJNGP /KPKUVGTKCNTCV KO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 9KTVUEJCHVUOKPKUVGTKWO FCVKGTV $WMCTGUV CO /CK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI %CTQNU ++ 4 ++
1TFGP -TQPG 4WO·PKGPU CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·PKGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1HHK \KGTUMTGW\ HÒT FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -CRKV·P -CTN 8KMVQT XQP 5WRRCP XQP FGT &QPCW &CORHUEJKHHHCJTVU IGUGNNUEJCHV KP 9KGP FCVKGTV $WMCTGUV CO &G\GODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
8980
8981
/GFCKNNG $GPG /GTGPVK 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT /GFCKNNG -NCUUG HÒT FKG -ÌPKINKEJG RTGWKUEJG -COOGTU·PIGTKP .KNNK -CNKUEJ IGD .GJOCPP HÒT MÒPUVNGTKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG FCVKGTV $WMCTGUV CO (GDTWCT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI %CTQNU + <WUCOOGP OKV RTGWKUEJGT 6TCIGIGPGJOKIWPI XQO /·T\ 4 ++
4755.#0&
<#4'067/ 4755.#0& $+5
1TFGP FGU JN #RQUVGNU #PFTGCU FGU 'TUVDGTWHGPGP <GKVIGPÌUUKUEJG ªDGTUGV\WPI FGT 8GTNGKJWPIUWT MWPFG HÒT FGP M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP #WGPOKPKUVGT )TCH #PFT±UU[ FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO #WIWUV 5GRVGODGT 4 ++
)[WNC )TCH #PFT±UU[ FGT #TEJKVGMV FGU ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP #WUINGKEJU XQP DKU WPICTKUEJGT /KPKUVGTRT·UKFGPV WPF XQP DKU ÌUVTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGT /KPKUVGT FGU WGTGP WPF FGU MCK UGTNKEJGP *CWUGU
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP #PPC 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV FCVKGTV 5V 2GVGTU DWTI CO #WIWUV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN XGTNQTGP OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP OKV QHHK\KGNNGT ªDGTUGV\WPI KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG ++
.¾QP )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV YCT %JGH FGT &KXKUKQP FGT 2QNK\GKRT·HGMVWT KP 2CTKU
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP #PPC 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG FCVKGTV 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CO /·T\ 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN XGTNQTGP OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP #P FGP (CNVUVGNNGP VNY GKPIGTKUUGP WPF JKPVGTMNGDV +++
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP #PPC 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP RTGWKUEJGP /CTKPG 1DGTUVCDUKP IGPKGWT *GTOCPP $QEM /GV\PGT FCVKGTV 5V 2GVGTUDWTI OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP #P FGP (CNVUVGNNGP VNY GKPIGTKUUGP WPF JKPVGTMNGDV +++
&GT \WO 1DGTUVCDUKPIGPKGWT CWHIGUVKGIGPG XQTOCNKIG 1DGTOCUEJKPKUV FGT MCKUGTNKEJ ;CEJV 5/; *QJGP\QNNGTP *GTOCP $QEM /GV\PGT KUV IGUVQTDGP
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG OKV 5VGTP HÒT .¾QP )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV FCVKGTV 5V 2GVGTUDWTI OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP KP FGT TGEJVGP QDGTGP 'EMG DGUEJ·FKIV ++
.¾QP )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV YCT %JGH FGT &KXKUKQP FGT 2QNK\GKRT·HGMVWT KP 2CTKU
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT .¾QP )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV FCVKGTV 5V 2GVGTUDWTI OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
.¾QP )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV YCT %JGH FGT &KXKUKQP FGT 2QNK\GKRT·HGMVWT KP 2CTKU
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP 5VCCVUCPIGJÌTKIGP ,QJCPP -TGOUGT FCVKGTV 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CO /·T\ OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG FCVKGTV 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CO 1MVQDGT 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN XGTNQTGP OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP #P FGP (CNVUVGNNGP VNY GKPIGTKUUGP WPF JKPVGTMNGDV +++
191
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
-¤0+)4'+%* 5%*9'&'0
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5GTCRJKO 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP #WGPOKPKUVGT ,WNKWU #PFT±UU[ XQP %UKMU\GPVMKTCN[ WPF -TCU\PCJQTMC FCVKGTV 5VQEMJQNO CO /CK OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI 1UECTU ++ &GWVNKEJ IGHCNVGV WPF GVYCU GKPIGTKUUGP ++p+++
)[WNC )TCH #PFT±UU[ FGT #TEJKVGMV FGU ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP #WUINGKEJU XQP DKU WPICTKUEJGT /KPKUVGTRT·UKFGPV WPF XQP DKU ÌUVTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGT /KPKUVGT FGU WGTGP WPF FGU MCK UGTNKEJGP *CWUGU
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5GTCRJKO 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP #WGPOKPKUVGT )WUVCX )TCH -±NPQM[ XQP -ÌTÌU 2CVCM FCVKGTV 5VQEMJQNO CO #RTKN OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI 1UECTU ++ ++
)WUVCX 5KIOWPF )TCH -±NPQM[ (TGKJGTT XQP -ÌTÌURCVCM M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGT #WGPOKPK UVGT XQP DKU
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT FGP -COOGTJGTTP WPF *CWRVOCPP (TGFGTKE CH -NGTEMGT FCVKGTV 5VQEMJQNO CO #WIWUV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI %CTNU :+8 ,QJCPP 4 ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 0QTFUVGTPQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒT FGP FGWVUEJGP 4GIKGTWPIUFKTGMVQT 1VVQ -QEJ FCVKGTV 5VQEMJQNO CO /·T\ OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGT UEJTKHVGP ++
5%*9'+<
1HHK\KGNNG $GUV·VKIWPI FGU $ÒTIGTOGKUVGTU WPF FGT 5VCFV <ÒTKEJ FC ,CSWG $CWOICTPVGT IGDQTGP \W 9G[CEJ KO -CPVQP <ÒTKEJ %CRQTCN KO 5EJYGK\GT 4GIKOGPV 5VGKPGT \W MGKPGT <GKV CP GKPGO -QORNQVV IGIGP FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 4GRWDNKM DGVGKNKIV IGYGUGP KUV &CVKGTV <ÒTKEJ CO #WIWUV OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IG WPF .CEMUKGIGNP WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
)GFTWEMVG 2TQMNCOCVKQP 'T\JGT\QI -CTNU XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ CP FKG 5EJYGK\GT &CVKGTV /·T\ ++
5'4$+'0 70& ,7)15.#9+'0 (ª456'067/ 70& -¤0+)4'+%* 5'4$+'0
1TFGP FGU -TGW\GU XQP 6CMQXQ =1ðäåí Òàêîâñêî³ Êðñòà? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQMTGW\ HÒT FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP #WGPOKPKUVGT )WUVCX )TCH -±NPQM[ FCVKGTV $GNITCF CO #RTKN OKV .CEMUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++
)WUVCX 5KIOWPF )TCH -±NPQM[ (TGKJGTT XQP -ÌTÌURCVCM M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGT #WGPOKPK UVGT XQP DKU
1TFGP FGU -TGW\GU XQP 6CMQXQ =1ðäåí Òàêîâñêî³ Êðñòà? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ HÒT FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP *CWRVOCPP -ÌJPG FCVKGTV $GNITCF CO #RTKN OKV 5KGIGN UVGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++
1TFGP XQO 9GKGP #FNGT =1ðäåí ÁGëî³ Îðëà? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT + -NCUUG HÒT FGP ÌUVGTTGK EJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP #WGPOKPKUVGT )WUVCX )TCH -±NPQM[ FCVKGTV $GNITCF CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2C RKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI /KNCPU + 4 ++
)WUVCX 5KIOWPF )TCH -±NPQM[ (TGKJGTT XQP -ÌTÌURCVCM M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGT #WGPOKPK UVGT XQP DKU
1TFGP XQO 9GKGP #FNGT =1ðäåí ÁGëî³ Îðëà? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT ++ -NCUUG HÒT FGP HTCP\ÌUK UEJGP (KPCP\KPURGMVGWT 5CNNCPFTQW\G FG .COQTPCK FCVKGTV $GNITCF OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIK PCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI 2GVGTU + ++
1TFGP XQO 9GKGP #FNGT =1ðäåí ÁGëî³ Îðëà? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT ++ -NCUUG HÒT FGP HTCP\ÌUK UEJGP $TKICFG )GPGTCN ,GCP /CTKG &GIQWVVG FCVKGTV $GNITCF OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC =1Rääí %âGòQã %CâG? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT ++ -NCUUG FCVKGTV $GNITCF CO (GDTWCT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI 2GVGTU + 4 ++
-QPXQNWV XQP FTGK 7TMWPFGP FGU 5GTDKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU &CTWPVGT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FCU -TGW\ FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV CP FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 1DGTUVCDUCT\V &T ,QJCPP 5VGKPGT KP 9KGP FCVKGTV $GN ITCF CO #RTKN OKV ªDGTUGV\WPI &KG YGKVGTGP XQP WPF 5GJT HCTDGPRT·EJVKIG 7TMWPFGP KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP <WUVCPF 5VÒEM ++ +++
192
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE -¤0+)4'+%* &'4 5'4$'0 -41#6'0 705 5.19'0'0 $<9 -¤0+)4'+%* ,7)15.#9+'0
1TFGP XQO 9GKGP #FNGT =1ðäåí ÁGëî³ Îðëà? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT 8 -NCUUG FCVKGTV $GNITCF CO ,WPK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
1TFGP FGT ,WIQUNCYKUEJGP -TQPG =1ðäåí ßó³îñëîâåíñêå Êðóíå? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT ++ -NCUUG HÒT FGP FGWVUEJGP )GPGTCNOCLQT (TKV\ $TCPF FCVKGTV $GNITCF CO (GDTWCT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP <WUCOOGP OKV FGWVUEJGT #PPCJOGIGPGJOKIWPI FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO ,WNK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF (CMUKOKNG 7PVGTUEJTKHV ō#FQNH *KVNGTŋ 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP FGT ,WIQUNCYKUEJGP -TQPG =1ðäåí ßó³îñëîâåíñêå Êðóíå? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT 8 -NCUUG HÒT FGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GUGTXG *CWRVOCPP -NCUUG . 'TPGUV 2GNKMCP FCVKGTV $GNITCF CO #RTKN OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP 'VYCU GKPIGTKUUGP /KV OQFGTPGT ªDGTUGV\WPI ++p+++
1TFGP FGT ,WIQUNCYKUEJGP -TQPG =1ðäåí ßó³îñëîâåíñêå Êðóíå? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT 8 -NCUUG HÒT FGP FGWVUEJGP *CWRVOCPP *GNOWVJ )TKRR FCVKGTV $GNITCF CO ,WPK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP 'VYCU GKPIGTKUUGP <WUCOOGP OKV FGWVUEJGT #PPCJOGIGPGJOKIWPI FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO &G\GODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF (CMUKOKNG 7PVGTUEJTKHV ō#FQNH *KVNGTŋ WPF ªDGTUGV\WPI 5VÒEM ++p+++
52#0+'0
(ª0(6'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 52#0+'0
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQMTGW\ HÒT FGP FGWVUEJGP $TKICFG )GPGTCN XQP 5VTCPV\ FCVKGTV /CFTKF 2CNCEKQ CO ,CPWCT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
9007
/CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG FGT 9GKGP #DVGKNWPI HÒT FGP DGNIKUEJGP -QPUWN 6JQOCU 6 (GTIWUUQP KP %JGHQQ %JKPC FCVKGTV /CFTKF 2CNCEKQ CO /CK OKV 2T·IG UKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP ++
70)#40 -¤0+)4'+%* 70)#40 $+5
-ÌPKINKEJ WPICTKUEJGT 5V 5VGRJCPU 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUOKVVGKNWPI KP WPICTKUEJGT 5RTCEJG HÒT FCU -NGKPMTGW\ CP FGP M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP )GPGTCNOCLQT .CLQU 5ÒPFGTOCPP $GXQNN O·EJVKIVGT FGU M W M -TKGIUOKPKUVGTKWOU DGKO 2TGWKUEJGP -TKGIUOKPKUVGTKWO FCVKGTV $¾EU CO /·T\ OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV &C\W 7OUEJNCI WPF OQFGTPG ªDGTUGV\WPI ++
7PICTKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP WPF -TKGIUFG MQTCVKQP HÒT *GKP\ ,QCEJKO 5EJOKFV FCVKGTV $WFCRGUV CO /·T\ 4 ++
-+4%*'056##6 *'+.+)'4 567*. 70& 8#6+-#0
2·RUVNKEJGT %JTKUVWU 1TFGP ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJG 6TCIGIGPGJOKIWPI \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT FGP M W M ÌUVGT TGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP 1DGTUV KO #FLWVCPVGP %QTRU WPF )GPGTCN #FLWVCPVGP +IPC\ #TDVGT FCVKGTV 9KGP CO 0QXGODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ++
1TFGP FGU JN 2CRUVGU 5[NXGUVGT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT 3WKPVWU )TWRCNNK FCVKGTV 4QO DGK 5V 2GVGT CO /·T\ OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU R·RUVNKEJGP 2TQUGMTGV·TU )KQXCPPK $CVVKUVC /QPVKPK FGU \WMÒPHVKIGP 2CRUVGU 2CWN 8+ TGI XQP DKU ++
193
VERLEIHUNGSURKUNDEN UND DOKUMENTE
'JTGPMTGW\ 2TQ 'EENGUKC GV 2QPVKHKEG )TQG HCTDGPRT·EJVKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT 1VVQ 9GKPTKEJ VGT FCVKGTV 8CVKMCP CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU -CTFKPCN 5VCCVU UGMTGV·TU /GTT[ FGN 8CN ++
4+66'414&'0 81/ *'+.+)'0 )4#$ <7 ,'475#.'/
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQQHHK\KGT HÒT 1VVQ 9GKPTKEJVGT FCVKGTV 8CVKMCPUVCFV CO (GDTWCT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU )TQOGKUVGTU -CTFKPCN %CPCNK ++
1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP 'TPGPPWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGT HÒT &T *GKPTKEJ /QTCYKV\ FCVKGTV ,GTWUCNGO CO ,WPK 2GTICOGPV OKV CPJ·PIGPFGO IGDTQEJGPGO 9CEJUUKGIGN KP 5KGIGNMCRUGN WPF 1TKIKPCN WPVGTUEJTKHV FGU )TQOGKUVGTU .WFQXKEQ 2KCXK .CVGKPKUEJGT 2CVTKCTEJ XQP ,GTWUCNGO 4 ++
2CNOGP FGU 1TFGPU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT 1VVQ 9GKPTKEJVGT FCVKGTV 8CVKMCPUVCFV CO ,WPK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU )TQOGKUVGTU -CTFKPCN %CPCNK 4 ++
/#41--1 57.6#0#6 /#41--1
*CHKFKGP 1TFGP &CJKT \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $CVCKNNQPUEJGH ,GCP &GIQWVVG FCVKGTV (G\ CO 5CHCT OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN <WUCOOGP OKV QHHK\KGNNGT ªDGTUGV\WPI KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG 4 ++
#NCQWKVG %J¾TKHKGP 1TFGP &CJKT \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP 2QNK\GK +PURGMVQT DGKO (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2T·UKFGP VGP (QWTPKGT FCVKGTV /CTTCMGEJ CO 0QXGODGT OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN &C\W 1HHK\KGNNG ªDGTUGV \WPI KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG ++
-#+5'44'+%* 2'45+'0
.ÌYGP WPF 5QPPGP 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'KUGPDCJP +PURGMVQT ,QJCPP -TGOUGT FCVKGTV CO /CK OKV MCKUGTNKEJGO *CPFUKGIGNUVGORGN WPF $GUV·VK IWPIU 5KGIGNUVGORGN FGU )TQYGUKTU &C\W QHHK\KGNNG ªDGTUGV\WPI 4 ++
670'5+'0 (ª456'067/ 670+5 $+5
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG -QOOCPFGWT HÒT )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV KP 2CTKU FCVKGTV 6WPKU CO %JCQWCN OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN <WUCOOGP OKV QHHK\KGNNGT ªDGTUGV\WPI KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG WPF YGKVGTGP FTGK FKGUDG\ÒINKEJGP &QMWOGPVGP 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT #FQNH 2QVQEPKM XQP FGT M W M ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP /CTKPG FCVKGTV 6WPKU CO 0QXGODGT OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN <WUCOOGP OKV QHHK\KGNNGT ªDGTUGV\WPI KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG ++
.¾QP )GQTIGU *QPPQTCV YCT %JGH FGT &KXKUKQP FGT 2QNK\GKRT·HGMVWT KP 2CTKU
$1.+8#4+5%*' 4'27$.+- 8'0'<7'.#
1TFGP FGU $GHTGKGTU CWEJ 1TFGP FGT $ÒUVG $QNKXCTU IGPCPPV ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP \WT -NCUUG HÒT 4KECTFQ 5CORGT FCVKGTV %CTCECU CO #RTKN OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV 4 ++
5CORGT YCT UR·VGT YKTMNKEJGT )GJGKOGT -·OOGTGT 2CRUV 2KWU : WPF WPVGT 2CRUV 2KWU :+ /CLQTFQOWU WPF 2T· HGMV FGU #RQUVQNKUEJGP 2CNCUVGU KO 8CVKMCP
8'4'+0+)6' 56##6'0 810 #/'4+-# 7 5 #
.GIKQP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG =.GIKQP QH /GTKV? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO .GIKQP·T HÒT FGP 1DGTUV (CVKEJ 8CNKWNKP XQP FGT 4QVGP #TOGG FCVKGTV 9CUJKPIVQP CO #RTKN OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCN WPVGTUEJTKHVGP FGU -TKGIUOKPKUVGTU WPF FGU )GPGTCN #FLWVCPVGP &C\W FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUDGITÒPFWPI CWH GKPGO $TKGHDQIGP FGU 9GKGP *CWUGU 44 ++
-QPXQNWV XQP XKGT XGTUEJKGFGPGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP <WO $TQP\G 5VCT 2WTRNG *GCTV FGT #KT /GFCN WPF FGT #KT (QTEG %QOOGPFCVKQP /GFCN CWU FGP ,CJTGP DKU LGYGKNU OKV 7PVGTUEJTKH VGP +P WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP ++ +++
/CUEJKPGPIGUEJTKGDGPGT $TKGH XQP ,QJP , 2GTUJKPI )GTKEJVGV CP FGP 4GMVQT FGT 7PKXGTUKV·V FGT 5QTDQPPG 2QKPECT¾ FCVKGTV (TCPEG CO #RTKN <WUCOOGP OKV GKPGO 'EJVJGKVU <GTVKHKMCV FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM HÒT -WNVWTIWV FCVKGTV 2CTKU CO 1MVQDGT ++
-1081.76' +06'40#6+10#.
194
7OHCPITGKEJGU -QPXQNWV XQP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP CPMÒPFKIWPIGP WPF &QMWOGPVGP 7 C CWU $WNICTKGP &·PGOCTM (TCPMTGKEJ +VCNKGP ,CRCP ,WIQUNCYKGP .GVVNCPF .KVCWGP /QPVGPGITQ FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 2QNGP WPF 8KGVPCO CWU FGO WPF ,CJTJWPFGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ +++ +8
-QPXQNWV XQP CEJV QTFGPUTGNGXCPVGP 5VKEJGP 8QT CNNGO CWU ¤UVGTTGKEJ &C\W PQEJ YGKVGTG UGEJU 7PVGTNCIGP 5VÒEM ++
LITERATUR
.+6'4#674 #$ #4 $- $- $6 $7 $9- $; $;1 %#( %#/ %/- &' '(9 '1 )$ )$* *( *2 -&1 -*- -. -.' -ª -ª .0- /; 0+ 0/ 00 1'- 1//
5EJNQUU WPF 5RKGNMCTVGPOWUGWO #NVGPDWTI *I 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU *GT\QIVWOU 5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI &GMQTCVK QPGP FGU *GT\QINKEJ 5CEJUGP 'TPGUVKPKUEJGP *CWUQTFGPU -CVCNQI \WT #WUUVGNNWPI XQO 5GRVGO DGT DKU (GDTWCT #NVGPDWTI #TGGP 'TPUV ' &G 0QTFKUMC .·PFGTPCU 1HHKEKGNNC $GNÌPWPIUOGFCNLGT 5VQEMJQNO $TGV\GPFQTHGT 7YG WPF -WJP 6JQOCU $WNICTKGP /KNKV·TQTFGP HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV XQP DKU 2TGKUMCVC NQI .WFYKIUDWTI $TGV\GPFQTHGT 7YG WPF -WJP 6JQOCU $WNICTKGP 5V #NGZCPFGT 1TFGP XQP DKU 2TGKUMCVCNQI $CPF .WFYKIUDWTI WPF -QPUVCP\ $CVVWUJKI # /QPIQNKCP 1TFGTU /GFCNU $CFIGU 7NCCPDCCVCT 5VCKT 5CKPV[ )W[ WPF *G[FGN /CPMQQ 4CHCN *I $WTMG U 9QTNF 1TFGTU QH -PKIJVJQQF /GTKV 9KNOKPIVQP
&GNCYCTG 75# $CTCE $QTPC 4GHGTGPEG %CVCNQIWG 1TFGTU /GFCNU CPF &GEQTCVKQPU QH VJG 9QTNF KPUVKVWVGU WPVKN 2CTV + +TQP $QQM # & <CITGD /QTTKU QH $CNIQP[ 5VWCTV ) 6JG +PUKIPKC CPF &GEQTCVKQPU QH VJG /KNKVCT[ CPF *QURKVCNNGT 1TFGT QH 5CKPV .C\CTWU QH ,GTWUCNGO 1JPG 1TV $G[TGK (TKGFJGNO &GT *CWUQTFGP WPF FKG VTCIDCTGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU )TQJGT\QIVWOU 1NFGPDWTI 0QTFGTUVGFV %JCNKH &QP /KNKVCT[ 2KNQV #KTETGY $CFIGU QH VJG 9QTNF 2TGUGPV 8QNWOG 'WTQRG #NDCPKC *WPICT[ 5CP ,QU¾ %CT 2CXGN WPF /WJKE 6QOKUNCX 5GTDKUEJG WPF LWIQUNCYKUEJG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP XQP DKU 9KGP %CT 2CXGN WPF /WJKE 6QOKUNCX 2TGKUMCVCNQI HÒT 5GTDKUEJG WPF ,WIQUNCYKUEJG 1TFGP /GFCKNNG WPF #D\GK EJGP &GEQTCVKQPU CPF $CFIGU QH 5GTDKC CPF ;WIQUNCXKC 2TKEG )WKFG -CVCNQI QFNKMQXCPLC K \PCMQXNLC 5TDKLG K ,WIQUNCXKLG .LWDNLCPC WPF <CITGD &GPMQY 8GUGNKP $WNICTKUMK 1TFGPK K /GFCNK -CVCNQI 5QHKC 'HNGT )GTV &KG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU (ÒTUVGPVWOU 9CNFGEM WPF 2[TOQPV 5EJYCNOUVCFV 1JO *KGTQP[OWUUGP 2CWN *CPFDWEJ GWTQR·KUEJGT 1TFGP KP (CTDG $GTNKP #WHNCIG )GDCWGT 9QNHTCO &KG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP XQP 5CEJUGP GKPUEJNKGNKEJ FGT U·EJUKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUV 2T· OKGP 2TGKU WPF #WU\GKEJPWPIUOGFCKNNGP &TGUFGP #WHNCIG )GDJCTFV -NCWU #NQKU $ÌTUEJ -ÌPKINKEJ $C[GTKUEJGT /ÒP\ WPF *QHOGFCKNNGWT /ÒPEJGP *GTHWTVJ &KGVTKEJ 5QYLGVKUEJG #WU\GKEJPWPIGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP FGT /QPIQNKUEJGP 8QNMUTGRWDNKM 'KP -CVCNQI 8KGTVG #WUICDG $GTNKP #WHNCIG *ÒUMGP #PFT¾ -CVCNQI FGT 1TFGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF #WU\GKEJPWPIGP FGU -WTHÒTUVGPVWOU $TCPFGPDWTI FGT /CTMITCHUEJCHVGP $TCPFGPDWTI #PUDCEJ WPF $TCPFGPDWTI $C[TGWVJ FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU 2TGWGP FGT 4GRWDNKM 2TGWGP WPVGT $GTÒEMUKEJVKIWPI FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU $·PFG *CODWTI 0KOOGTIWV ,ÌTI (GFGT -NCWU WPF XQP FGT *G[FG 4WFQNH &GWVUEJG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP -CVCNQI &TKV VGU 4GKEJ &&4 WPF $WPFGUTGRWDNKM DKU JGWVG #WHNCIG 4GIGPUVCWH CMVWCNKUKGTVG #WHNCIG -NCW ,QEJGP *GTHWTVJ &KGVTKEJ WPF -NGG ,ÒTIGP 8KIKNCPFQ #UEGPFKOWU &KG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 5CEJ UGP 9GKOCTU DKU #TDGKVUGZGORNCT #NU /CPWUMTKRV XGTXKGNH·NVKIV 9GKOCT $GTNKP WPF -QDNGP\ -NKGVOCPP &T -WTV )GTJCTF &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ $GTNKP -NGPCW #TPJCTF )TCH 'WTQR·KUEJG 1TFGP CD -CVCNQI QJPG &GWVUEJNCPF 4QUGPJGKO #WVGPITWDGT /KEJCGN #WMVKQP ,WPK 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 'KPG PQTFCOGTKMCPKUEJG 2TKXCV UCOONWPI W C 1UPCDTÒEM #WVGPITWDGT /KEJCGN #WMVKQP 1MVQDGT 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 1UPCDTÒEM .KPM 'XC WPF )CWIIGN *GKP\ (ÒTUVNKEJ *QJGP\QNNGTUEJG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP (TKFKPIGP /WUUGNN ,QJP 9 *I /GFCN ;GCTDQQM *QPKVQP #WHNCIG 0KOOGTIWV ,ÌTI &GWVUEJG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP DKU )GUCOVCWUICDG KP HÒPH $·PFGP /ÒPEJGP DKU 0KGOCPP &GVNGX $GYGTVWPIU -CVCNQI &GWVUEJNCPF 2TKEG )WKFG )GTOCP[ -C!C!Q! 1TFGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP 8GTNGKJWPIU 7TMWPFGP /KPKCVWTGP WPF 'VWKU 1TFGTU &GEQTCVKQPU #YCTF &QEWOGPVU /KPK CVWTGU CPF %CUGU QH +UUWG *CODWTI #WHNCIG )KNNKPIJCO *CTQNF ' 'RJGOGTCN &GEQTCVKQPU 0GY ;QTM 0KOOGTIWV ,ÌTI DGCTDGKVGV XQP &T )GTF 5EJCTHGPDGTI &GWVUEJG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP #WU ICDG 4GIGPUVCWH MQORNGVV ÒDGTCTDGKVGVG WPF CMVWCNKUKGTVG #WHNCIG $WPF &GWVUEJGT 1TFGPUUCOONGT G 8 *I 1TFGP /KNKVCTKC /CIC\KP *GHV 5VGKPCW C F 5VTCG
195
LITERATUR
10
2# 2$ 2' 2'< 2) 24- 25 4$ 447 5$ 5. 5/1 51 54 568 6# 6*1 642 66 8. 80 9$ 9< <-
196
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• Über 35 Jahre Erfahrung im Gold- und Münzenhandel • Faire und objektive Bewertung Ihrer Goldmünzen • Barankauf von Goldmünzen zu tagesaktuellen Preisen • Große Auswahl interessanter Goldmünzen • Vertrauen Sie Europas führendem Auktionshaus für Münzen und Medaillen
Sie möchten Ihre Münzen veräußern? 0800 5836537 (gebührenfrei) Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Gutenbergstraße 23 · 49076 Osnabrück · Germany Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20 · Fax +49 (0)541 96 20 222 www.kuenker.de · service@kuenker.de Osnabrück · Berlin · München · Zürich · Moskau
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696 – 1770). Einsetzung des Rosenkranzes. Öl, 72 x 34 cm Modeletto für die Decke der Gesuati-Kirche in Venedig. Verkauft für: e 466.000,-
Einladung zu Einlieferungen für unsere Herbstauktionen 2010 Möbel, Porzellan, Fayence, Silber, Schmuck Gemälde, Zeichnungen, Skulpturen 15.–19. Jh. Photographie Zeitgenössische Kunst Moderne Kunst Asiatische Kunst Präkolumbische Kunst
LEMPERTZ gegründet 1845
Neumarkt 3 50667 Köln Poststraße 22 10178 Berlin St.-Anna-Platz 3 80538 München www.Lempertz.com
Tel. 02 21 ⁄ 92 57 29 - 0 Fax - 6 Tel. 030 ⁄ 27 87 60 8 - 0 Fax - 6 Tel. 089 ⁄ 98 10 77 67 Fax 21 01 96 95 info@Lempertz.com
MEINE TEILNAHME ALS SCHRIFTLICHER BIETER 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Studieren Sie den Katalog sorgfältig und notieren Sie alle Lose, die interessant für Sie sind. Legen Sie für jedes Los Ihr persönliches Limit fest, das Sie maximal zu zahlen bereit sind. Füllen Sie das beiliegende Formular aus (siehe rechte Seite) und tragen Sie für jedes Los Ihr Höchstgebot ein. Schicken Sie uns Ihren Auftrag frühzeitig. Bei gleich hohen Geboten erhält das zuerst eingegangene Gebot den Zuschlag. Sie haben interessante Lose für insgesamt € 10.000,-- gefunden, möchten jedoch nur € 2.000,-- ausgeben. Kein Problem: Sie geben als Gesamtlimit (ohne Aufgeld) € 2.000,-- an. Wenn Sie Fragen haben: Die MitarbeiterInnen unserer Kundenbetreuung sind für Sie da. Tel. 08 00-58 36 537 (gebührenfrei). Wenn Sie telefonisch an unseren Auktionen teilnehmen möchten, ist das ab einer Schätzung von € 500,- pro Los möglich. Bitte teilen Sie uns diesen Wunsch mindestens einen Werktag vor Beginn der Versteigerung schriftlich mit.
MEINE PERSÖNLICHE TEILNAHME IN OSNABRÜCK 1.
2. 3.
Wir freuen uns sehr, wenn Sie persönlich nach Osnabrück kommen möchten. Das Flair einer Auktion und die Stimmung im Auktionssaal sind ein besonderes Erlebnis für Sie als Sammler. Osnabrück ist außerdem immer eine Reise wert und die persönliche Betreuung durch unsere Mitarbeiter wissen immer mehr Kunden zu schätzen. Bitte rufen Sie uns rechtzeitig an, damit wir Ihnen Tipps für die Anreise geben und Ihnen ein Hotelzimmer reservieren können. Sie erreichen uns gebührenfrei unter: 08 00-58 36 537. Als erfolgreicher Bieter können Sie Ihre neu erworbenen Stücke gleich persönlich mit nach Hause nehmen. Als guter Kunde unseres Hauses haben Sie 20 Tage Zahlungsziel nach der Auktion.
WIE ENTSTEHT DER PREIS EINER AUKTION? 1. 2.
Der im Auktionskatalog angegebene Preis ist ein Schätzpreis, der durch unsere Experten festgelegt wurde. Das Mindestgebot liegt bei 80% dieses Wertes. Die Zuschlagpreise sind oft deutlich höher als die Schätzpreise. Als Auktionshaus müssen wir bereits vor der Auktion alle schriftlichen Gebote koordinieren. Folgende Beispiele sind im Bietverfahren möglich:
Beispiel 1 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,--) Es liegt kein schriftlicher Auftrag vor: der Auktionator ruft das Los in der Auktion mit € 800,-- aus. Wenn im Saal nur ein Bieter darauf ein Gebot abgibt, erhält der Saalbieter den Zuschlag für € 800,--.
Beispiel 3 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,--) Es liegt dem Auktionator nur ein schriftliches Gebot von € 850,-- vor: das Los wird in der Auktion mit € 800,-ausgerufen. Falls kein Bieter im Saal ein Gegenangebot abgibt, erhält der schriftliche Bieter den Zuschlag bei € 800,--.
Beispiel 2 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,--) Es liegen dem Auktionator drei schriftliche Gebote vor:
Beispiel 4: (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,--) Es liegt dem Auktionator nur ein schriftliches Gebot von € 1.200,-- vor: der Auktionator ruft das Los mit € 800,-- aus. Gibt es im Saal keinen Gegenbieter, erhält der schriftliche Bieter den Zuschlag bei € 800,--. Falls es im Saal Gegenbieter gibt, bietet der Auktionator für seinen schriftlichen Bieter bis maximal € 1.200,-- und erteilt einem Gegenbieter im Saal erst bei mehr als € 1.200,-- den Zuschlag.
Bieter 1: Limit € 2.900,-Bieter 2: Limit € 1.800,-Bieter 3: Limit: € 800,-Nach der Versteigerungsordnung muss der Auktionator im Interesse von Bieter 1 und 2 angemessen überbieten (um ca. 5 bis 10%). Der Ausrufpreis in der Auktion beträgt daher im Interesse von Bieter 1, € 1.900,-- (obwohl die Schätzung € 1.000,-- beträgt). Falls keine höheren Gebote aus dem Saal erfolgen, erhält Bieter 1 den Zuschlag für € 1.900,--. Das Höchstangebot von € 2.900,-- musste nicht ausgeschöpft werden.
Beispiel 5 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,--) Es liegen drei Gebote von je € 975,-- vor: um Missverständnisse zu vermeiden, überzieht der Auktionator das zuerst eingegangene Gebot geringfügig und erteilt den Zuschlag bei € 1.000,--.
MUSTERAUKTIONSAUFTRAG FÜR SCHRIFTLICHE BIETER 1. Name, Adresse, Telefon: Ihre vollständige Anschrift ist wichtig, damit wir Ihren Auktionsauftrag annehmen und bearbeiten können. Ihre Telefonnummer brauchen wir, um Sie bei Rückfragen zu Ihren Geboten schnell erreichen zu können.
5. Ihre Kundennummer Die Angabe Ihrer Kundennummer unterstützt uns bei der Bearbeitung Ihres Auktionsauftrages. Viele Vorarbeiten für die Auktion werden dadurch einfacher und es werden Fehler vermieden.
2. Losnummern und Gebote Listen Sie alle Lose, für die Sie sich interessieren, mit ihrer Katalognummer auf und legen Sie für sich selbst fest, wie viel Sie bereit sind für jedes einzelne Los zu bieten.
6. Ihr Limit pro Einzellos An dieser Stelle geben Sie an, was Sie für jedes einzelne Stück maximal bereit sind auszugeben.
3. „Oder“-Gebote Wenn Sie sich für mehrere Münzen interessieren, aber nur ein Stück davon erwerben wollen, können Sie Ihre Gebote einfach mit einem „oder“ verbinden. Wichtig: bei den „oder“-Geboten können Sie nicht auf frühere Katalognummern zurückgreifen (z.B. 2890 oder 1558), da die Nr. 1558 dann bereits versteigert ist. 4. Unterschreiben Sie Ihren Auktionsauftrag . . .nachdem Sie Ihre Angaben noch einmal überprüft haben. Ihre Unterschrift ist wichtig, denn damit bestätigen Sie uns, dass sie tatsächlich teilnehmen wollen.
7. Überschreitung Ihrer Limits pro Einzellos In der Praxis zeigt sich, daß oft mehrere Bieter mit ihren Geboten dicht beieinander liegen. Deshalb empfiehlt es sich, an dieser Stelle einer geringfügigen Überschreitung Ihrer Gebote zuzustimmen. Dadurch erhöhen sich Ihre Chancen, im Wettbewerb mit anderen den Zuschlag zu erhalten. 8. Begrenzung Ihres Gesamtlimits Hier können sie die Gesamtsumme Ihrer Gebote begrenzen und festlegen, was Sie insgesamt maximal bereit sind auszugeben. Aufgeld und Mehrwertsteuer kommen später noch hinzu.
ANTWORTEN AUF FRAGEN, DIE UNS OFT GESTELLT WERDEN 1.
Zuschlagpreis/Aufgeld: Wir berechnen als Auktionshaus ein Aufgeld von 15% auf den Zuschlagpreis, dazu kommt die gesetzliche Mehrwertsteuer. Beispiel 2: Zuschlagpreis: € 1.000,-€ 100,-Aufgeld 15% € 150,-€ 15,00 Versandkosten, z. B.* € 5,90 € 5,90 MwSt. 7% € 80,91 € 8,46 ______ ________ Rg.-Betrag € 1.236,81 Rg.-Betrag € 129,36 Mehrwertsteuer: üblicherweise in Deutschland 7%, seit dem 01.01.2000 sind viele Goldmünzen, die nach 1800 geprägt wurden, steuerfrei. Bei Fragen zu der MWSt-Berechnung rufen Sie uns an, gebührenfrei unter: 08 00-58 36 537. Rücklosverkauf: Alle Lose, die in der Auktion nicht verkauft wurden, können Sie innerhalb von vier Wochen nach der Versteigerung zu 80% des Schätzpreises (zzgl. Aufgeld und Mehrwertsteuer) erwerben. Achtung: Viele Rücklose sind schnell vergriffen. Unser Spezialservice: Alle Bieter erhalten gratis die Ergebnisliste innerhalb von zwei Wochen nach der Auktion. Im Internet können Sie die Ergebnisliste der Auktion sofort nach der Auktion unter www.kuenker.de einsehen. Beispiel 1:
2. 3.
4.
Zuschlagpreis Aufgeld 15%: Versandkosten, z. B.* MwSt. 7%
* Die Kosten für Versand und Versicherung werden nach Aufwand berechnet.
ВАЖНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ОБ УЧАСТИИ В АУКЦИОНЕ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Наши аукционные правила и условия Вы можете найти в конце каталога. Мы просим Вас присылать Ваши ставки заранее. В противном случае вероятность ошибки при обработке заказа, присланного перед самым аукционом, возрастает. Приложенный образец заполнения письменного заказа поможет Вам при отправлении Ваших письменных ставок. Ставки можно отправить как по почте, так и по факсу : +49 (0)541–96 20 222 круглосуточно. Успешные заказы будут обрабатываться в порядке их поступления к нам. Все участники, которым не удалось что-либо купить на аукционе, будут также проинформированы после аукциона. Если Вы впервые принимаете участие в нашем аукционе, то мы рекомендуем Вам сообщить нам Ваш референц – аукционные дома, с которыми Вы уже сотрудничали. Или свяжитесь с нами по телефону. Мы гарантируем подлинность всех предметов, проданных на нашем аукционе, в течении неограниченного времени. Все участники нашего аукциона получают в течении 2-ух недель результаты торгов бесплатно. У Вас есть вопросы по определенной монете? Вы хотели бы лично принять участие в аукционе? У Вас возникли другие вопросы? Звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268, и мы будем рады Вам помочь.
МОЕ ЗАОЧНОЕ УЧАСТИЕ В АУКЦИОНЕ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Тщательно изучите наш каталог и запишите те лоты, которые Вас заинтересовали. Определите для Себя ту максимальную сумму, которую Вы готовы заплатить за каждый лот. Заполните приложенный формуляр. Отправьте нам Ваш заказ заранее. При 2-ух и более равных ставок на один и тот же лот преимущество получает ставка, пришедшая к нам первой ( ранее других). Если стоимость выбранных Вами лотов составляет например 10000 евро, а Вы могли бы потратить только 2000 евро, то в этом случае укажите Ваш общий лимит в размере 2000 евро. Если у Вас возникли вопросы по заполнению формуляра, звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268. Наши сотрудники будут рады Вам помочь.
МОЕ ЛИЧНОЕ УЧАСТИЕ В ОСНАБРЮКЕ 1. 2. 3.
Мы будем рады Вашему личному присутствию в Оснабрюке. Атмосфера, которая стоит во время аукционных торгов в зале, особенная и непередаваемая. Для получения более подробной информации по Вашей поездке в Оснабрюк, в частности, бронирования номеров в гостинице, мы просим Вас заранее связаться с нами по телефону: +49 (0)541-96 20 268. Приобретенные на аукционе лоты Вы можете лично забрать после окончания торгов. Наши постоянные клиенты осуществляют оплату в течение 20 дней после получения счета. Участвующие в аукционе впервые осуществляют 100%-ую предоплату.
УЧАСТИЕ ПО ИНТЕРНЕТУ Все каталоги доступны для просмотра на нашем сайте в интернете по адресу www.kuenker.de. На сайте Вы можете выбрать интересующие Вас лоты и отправить Ваши ставки на нашу электронную почту service@kuenker.de. Если у Вас возникнут дополнительные вопросы, мы просим Вас связаться с нами по телефону +49 (0)5 41-96 20 268.
УЧАСТИЕ ПО ТЕЛЕФОНУ Для участия в торгах по телефону просим Вас связаться с нами не позднее 48 часов до начала аукциона. Условием проведения телефонных торгов является письменное подтверждение ставки, равной как минимум стартовой цене. Участие в телефонных торгах возможно только для лотов со стартовой ценой свыше 500 евро. Для получения дополнительной информации и регистрации на аукционе звоните Анастасии Кепселль до аукциона по телефону +49 (0)5 41-96 20 268 и во время аукциона по телефону, указанному на первой странице каталога.
КАК ОБРАЗОВЫВАЕТСЯ ЦЕНА НА АУКЦИОНЕ? 1. 2.
Все лоты в нашем каталоге были предварительно оценены нашими экпертами. Минимальная ставка составляет 80% от оценочной стоимости лота. Конечные цены зачастую намного превышают оценочные. Ваши письменные ( заочные ) ставки должны быть обязательно обработаны нашими сотрудниками до начала аукциона. Рассмотрим несколько возможных примеров: Пример 1 ( Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,-- ) Пример 3 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,-- ) Заочных ставок нет. Аукционатор начинает торги с У аукционатора имеется только 1 заочная ставка в €800,--. Если в зале только один человек, размере € 850,--. Аукционатор начнет торги с желающий приобрести этот лот, то соответственно € 800,--. Если среди очных участников никто не он получит его за €800,--. даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник получит этот лот за €800,-Пример 2 ( Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,-- ) У аукционатора имеются 3 заочные ставки: Заочный участник 1 : Лимит € 2.900,-Заочный участник 2 : Лимит € 1.800,-Заочный участник 3 : Лимит € 800,-По правилам аукциона аукционатор в интересах заочного участника 1 и 2 должен повышать ставку равномерно ( приблизительно на 5 – 10% ). Поэтому в нашем случае в интересах заочного участника 1 аукционатор начнет торги с € 1900,-( хотя оценочная стоимость составляет €1000,--). Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник 1 получит этот лот за €1900,--. Его лимит в €2900,-- ни в коем случае не будет исчерпан.
Пример 4 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,-- ) У аукционатора имеется только 1 заочная ставка в размере €1200,--. Аукционатор начнет торги с €800,--. Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник получит этот лот за €800,--. Если же в зале очный участник согласен на более высокую ставку ( больше €800,-- ), то в этом случае аукционатор в интересах заочного участника имеет право тоговаться до €1200,--. Следовательно только при ставке, превышающей €1200,--, данный лот получит очный участник в зале. Пример 5 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,-- ) У аукционатора имеются 3 заочные ставки, каждая в размере €975,--. Среди очных участников интереса к лоту не имеется. В этом случае чтобы избежать недоразумений, аукционатор имеет право ненамного повысить лимит и сделать ставку равной €1000,--. Данный лот за €1000,-- получит тот заочный участник, чей письменный формуляр мы получили раньше всего.
КАК Я МОГУ ПОЛУЧИТЬ ПРИОБРЕТЕННЫЕ ЛОТЫ? Вывоз приобретенных на аукционе предметов осуществляется одним из следующих способов по Вашему выбору: • Вы можете лично забрать Ваши лоты. По окончании торгов мы готовим все необходимые документы на вывоз из Германии. При вывозе за пределы Евросоюза, НДС Вам возвращается. • Почтовые отправки в Россию ( Беларусь, Украину ) приобретенных Вами лотов осуществляются по предварительной договоренности. Для связи с нами звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268.
С 1971 года имя Кюнкер является гарантией надежности и компетентности. Мы не станем изменять нашим принципам и в будущем. Спасибо Вам за Ваше доверие, которое является не только самым сильным стимулом в нашей работе, но и наилучшей ее оценкой. Я желаю Вам успехов на нашем аукционе!
Фриц-Рудольф Кюнкер
VERSTEIGERUNGSBEDINGUNGEN Die Versteigerung erfolgt im Auftrag und für Rechnung der Eigentümer unter Einhaltung der sich aus der Versteigerungsordnung (BGB1 I 1976, 1346) ergebenden und für Kommissionäre geltenden gesetzlichen Bestimmungen des BGB und HGB gegen Barzahlung des Kaufpreises in € - Währung. Durch Abgabe eines Gebotes werden die Versteigerungsbedingungen anerkannt, dies gilt auch für die schriftlichen Gebote. Der Zuschlagpreis ist Nettopreis im Sinne des Umsatzsteuergesetzes und bildet die Berechnungsgrundlage für das vom Käufer zu zahlende Aufgeld in Höhe von 15 %. Auf den daraus entstehenden Gesamtpreis (Zuschlag + Aufgeld) wird die jeweils gültige Umsatzsteuer erhoben, soweit dies gesetzlich vorgeschrieben ist. Ausländischen Käufern aus Ländern der europäischen Gemeinschaft wird die in Deutschlang gültige Umsatzsteuer berechnet. Anderen ausländischen Käufern (aus Drittländern) wird, sofern die Münzen durch uns exportiert werden, ein Aufgeld von 15 % netto auf den Zuschlagpreis berechnet; sie erhalten die Lieferung nur gegen Zahlung des Kaufpreises in € - Währung, bankspesenfrei. Ausländischen Münzhändlern aus Ländern der europäischen Gemeinschaft wird bei Nachweis der Umsatzsteuer-Identifikationsnummer (§ 27 a UStG) und der sonstigen Voraussetzungen gemäß § 4 Nr. 1 b UStG in Verbindung mit § 6 a UStG die Lieferung ohne Umsatzsteuer berechnet. Sofern nichts anderes vereinbart wird, ist die Zahlung der Auktionsrechnung bei anwesenden Käufern sofort, bei schriftlichen Bietern spätestens 20 Tage nach Erhalt fällig. Bei Zahlungsverzug werden Zinsen von 1 % pro Monat berechnet. Wird die Zahlung nicht sofort an den Versteigerer geleistet oder die Abnahme der zugeschlagenen Sache verweigert, so findet die Übergabe der Sache an den Ersteigerer nicht statt. Der Ersteigerer verliert vielmehr seine Rechte aus dem Zuschlag, und die Sache kann auf seine Kosten erneut versteigert werden. In diesem Fall haftet der Ersteigerer für den Ausfall, dagegen hat er auf den Mehrerlös keinen Anspruch. Der Zuschlag erfolgt nach dreimaligem Ausruf des höchsten Gebotes und verpflichtet zur Abnahme und Zahlung. Bei Meinungsverschiedenheiten über den Zuschlag wird die Nummer noch einmal ausgerufen. Der Versteigerer ist berechtigt, Nummern zu vereinigen oder zu trennen. Eine Vorausnahme von Nummern erfolgt nicht. Der Zutritt zur Versteigerung ist nur Interessenten gestattet, die einen Katalog besitzen.
Schriftliche Aufträge werden von uns ohne Auftragsprovision gewissenhaft ausgeführt. Aufträge von uns unbekannten Sammlern können nur ausgeführt werden, wenn ein Depot hinterlegt wird oder Referenzen benannt werden. Schriftliche Gebote können nur bis 24 Stunden vor Auktionsbeginn verbindlich berücksichtigt werden. Im Bedarfsfall ist der Auktionator berechtigt, die Limits um 3 – 5 % zu überschreiten. Bei mehreren gleichhohen Geboten erhält das zuerst eingegangene den Zuschlag. Unlimitierte Aufträge haben keinen Anspruch auf unbedingte Ausführung. Telefonisches Bieten ist nur in Ausnahmefällen möglich. Telefonische Bieter müssen sich mindestens einen Werktag vor der Auktion voranmelden. Der Versand geht zu Lasten und auf Risiko des Ersteigerers bzw. Empfängers. Das Auktionsgut bleibt bis zur vollständigen Bezahlung aller Forderungen aus Anlaß der Versteigerung Eigentum des Verkäufers. Ist der Käufer Vollkaufmann, so ist Osnabrück als Gerichtsstand vereinbart. Für das Mahnverfahren gilt die Zuständigkeit des Amtsgerichts Osnabrück auch in allen anderen Fällen als vereinbart. Ansonsten ist es Osnabrück nur, wenn nur die Firma Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG ihren allgemeinen Gerichtsstand in der BRD hat, oder wenn alle Ansprüche im Wege des Mahnverfahrens geltend gemacht werden, oder wenn die im Klageweg in Anspruch zu nehmende Vertragspartei nach Vertragsabschluß ihren gewöhnlichen Aufenthaltsort aus dem Geltungsbereich der BRD verlegt hat, oder ihr Wohnsitz oder gewöhnlicher Aufenthaltsort zum Zeitpunkt der Klage nicht bekannt ist. Die Beschreibung im Katalog ist gewissenhaft durchgeführt. Sie begründet jedoch keine Rechts- oder Sachmängelhaftung gemäß §§ 434, 459 ff BGB. Die Angabe der Erhaltung ist streng nach den im deutschen Münzhandel üblichen Erhaltungseinstufungen vorgenommen und gilt als persönliche Beurteilung. Bei der Auktion anwesende Käufer kaufen grundsätzlich „wie besehen“. Da durch Vorbesichtigung Gelegenheit gegeben ist, sich vom Erhaltungszustand des Versteigerungsgutes zu überzeugen, können nach erfolgtem Zuschlag Reklamationen nur bei irrtümlich übersehener Henkel- oder Fassungsspur oder gestopftem Loch berücksichtigt werden. Bei Losen mit mehreren Stücken sind die Stückzahlen nur Circa-Angaben, irrtümliche Zuschreibungen sind im Einzelfall nicht ausgeschlossen. Diese Lose sind nach erfolgtem Zuschlag von jeder Reklamation ausgeschlossen. Der Versteigerer kann bei eventuellen Meinungsverschiedenheiten bzw. Beanstandungen einen vereidigten Sachverständiger seiner Wahl (die Kosten trägt der unterliegende Teil) beauftragen. Eventuelle Beanstandungen können nur innerhalb von 8 Tagen nach der Auktion bzw. nach Erhalt der ersteigerten Stücke berücksichtigt werden.
Die Mindeststeigerungsstufen für das Bietungsverfahren betragen:
Mindestangebote
Mindeststeigerungsstufe
Wenn Sie in unserer Auktion erworbene Münzen an einen Grading Service in den USA verschicken möchten, übernehmen wir keine Garantie, daß die Münzen dort angenommen oder entsprechend unserer Bewertung eingestuft werden.
bis zu
€ 100,--
€ 5,--
bis zu
€ 200,--
€ 10,--
bis zu
€ 500,--
€ 20,--
bis zu
€ 1.000,--
€ 50,--
bis zu
€ 2.000,--
€ 100,--
bis zu
€ 5.000,--
€ 200,--
bis zu
€ 10.000,--
€ 500,--
Soweit nicht anders vermerkt, gelten im übrigen die allgemeinen Versteigerungsbestimmungen und – auch im Verhältnis zu ausländischen Kunden – gilt Deutsches Recht.
bis zu
€ 20.000,--
€ 1.000,--
Die Ergebnisliste erscheint sofort nach der Auktion.
bis zu
€ 50.000,--
€ 2.000,--
DIE VERSTEIGERER:
ab
€ 50.000,--
€ 5.000,--
Die Echtheit der Stücke wird bis zur Höhe des Kaufpreises garantiert. Die beigedruckten Preise sind Schätzpreise, die unter- oder überschritten werden können. Aufträge, die unter 80 % des Schätzpreises liegen, können nicht bearbeitet werden. Ausländische Kunden kaufen nach den Devisen-, Zoll- und Steuerbestimmungen ihres Landes. Versandformalitäten werden vom Versteigerer erledigt.
FRITZ RUDOLF KÜNKER DR. ANDREAS KAISER ARNE KIRSCH OLIVER KÖPP
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF AUCTION The auction is conducted on behalf and for the account of the appropiate proprietors of the goods and is subject to the federal Auction Regulation (Versteigerungsordnung, BGB1 I 1976, 1346) published in the Federal Law GazetteVol. I, 1976, 1346 and the relevant provisions for factors in accordance with the German Cicil Code (BGB) and Commercial Code (HGB). Payment of the hammer-price has to be made in cash and in Euro. The submission of an offer implies the express acknowledgement of these Terms and Conditions of Auction; the same applies to the submission of an offer in writing. The hammer-price is exclusive of applicable German VAT according to the prevailing VAT – legislation and represents the basis for calculating the surcharge of 15 percent payable by the puchaser. The total price so calculated (hammerprice plus surcharge) is subject to the VAT (value added tax=Mehrwertsteuer), which is payabel additionally. Purchasers from abroad will be charged a surcharge of 15 per cent net on the hammer-price, provided the export of the coins is undertaken by the auctioneer. Buyers in European Community (EEC) countries (other than Germany) will be charged Value Added Tax at the rates prevailing in Germany. Dealers from EEC countries (other than Germany) will receive goods free of tax upon presentation of their VAT I.D. number, and upon fulfillment of the other conditions set forth in Paragraph 4, Nr. 1 b, and Paragraph 6 a of the GermanTurnover Tax Law Buyers from other countries are not charged Value Added Tax. Delivery will be made against payment in Euro with no bank charges to the auctioneer. Unless mutually agreed otherwise, payment of the auction bill from purchasers present at the auction is due immediately. From purchaser who have submitted a bid in writing, payment is due within 20 days after receipt of the goods. Defaulted payments shall bear an interest charge of 1 % per month in the amount in default. Should payment to the auctioneer not be made immediately or should the acceptance of the awarded item be refused, such item shall not be handed overt to the purchaser. Instead the purchaser shall forfeit all right and title in and to such item from the award and the item may again be put to auction at this buyer’s cost. In this event the buyer shall be liable for any shortfall, while he shall have no right or claim towards any excess proceeds. An item will be knocked down after the highest bid has been called three times. The award shall be a binding commitment and liability on the part of the bidder to take acceptance and delivery of the item or items so awarded. In the event of any dispute with regard to the award the lot will be put up again for bidding. The auctioneer reserves the right to combine or to seperate lots. Lots will not be called out of sequence. Access to the auction will only be permitted to interested persons who are in possession of the catalogue.
same price or prices for a given lot, the bid first received by the auctioneer shall be given the award. Unlimited bids shall not oblige the auctioneer to consider, accept or carry out such order. Telephone bidding is generally an option for lots of substantial value only. The registration is required at the latest a day before auction. Shipment (by mail or otherwise) of the goods shall be for the sole cost and risk of the purchaser or receipient, resp. The auctioned goods remain the sole and exclusiv property of the vendor until full payment and settlement of any and all dues and claims in connection with the auction. In the event the purchaser is a merchant (in the sense of the German commercial laws) Osnabrück shall be the agreed and exclusive place of jurisdiction. The competence of the District Court (Amtsgericht) of Osnabrück is agreed in respect of summary proceedings for the collection of defaulted payments (Mahnverfahren) as well as in any and all other cases. Should the purchaser not be a merchant Osnabrück shall be the place of jurisdiction with the District Court of Osnabrück’s competence, if only the auctioneer has his ordinary legal domicil in the Federal Republic of Germany or if claims are made by way of summary proceedings of collection (Mahnverfahren) or if the defendant has moved his ordinary legal domicil outside the jurisdiction of the Federal Republik of Germany or if the legal domicil of the defendant is unknown to the auctioneer at the time of filing a suit. To the exclusion of any other legislation German law, as in force at the time, shall be applied for the settlement of any and all legal or judicial matters. The specifications and descriptions in the catalogue have been prepared diligently and in good faith do, however, not constitute the acceptance by the auctioneer of any warranty or liability in respect of defect in material or title. The state of preservation of items is strictly assessed in accordance with the grades accepted by the German coin trade and only represents an individual and personal assessment. Purchasers present at the auction acquire items strictly on the basis of “as is where is” and “as inspected”. In view of the opportunity of prior inspection to ascertain the state and condition of the auction lots, complaints and objections made after the sale will only be considered, if by obvious error or mistake loop or traces or moutings, traces of trimmings or settings, or the plugging of a hole (eyelet) have remained unnoticed. If and when auctioned in lots, the quantities of individual pieces given, only represent an approximate figure. An error in the allocation of indivdual pieces to a certain lot cannot be excluded. Such lots are, therefore, excluded from any complaintes or objections after the lot is knocked down. In the event of disputes or complaints as to the quality of an item the auctioneer may call upon a gernerally sworn expert of the trade, which the auctioneer may choose at his sole discretin, for assessment an the rendering of a decision as to the justification of such dispute or complaint. The costs of such expert shall be borne by the party loosing the dispute according to the expert’s decision. Complaints or objections, if justified, will only be considered if made and received by the auctioneer within 8 days after the auction or after receipt the lots, respectively.
The minimum rates of increase for the bidding procedure are: for minimum offers
minimum increase rate
up to
€ 100,--
€ 5,--
up to
€ 200,--
€ 10,--
up to
€ 500,--
€ 20,--
up to
€ 1.000,--
€ 50,--
up to
€ 2.000,--
€ 100,--
up to
€ 5.000,--
€ 200,--
up to
€ 10.000,--
€ 500,--
up to
€ 20.000,--
€ 1.000,--
up to
€ 50.000,--
€ 2.000,--
above
€ 50.000,--
€ 5.000,--
Orders submitted in writing will be carried out diligently and without charge of an extra commission. Orders from collectors unknown to the auctioneer can only be accepted and carried out if a deposit or references to the satisfaction on the auctioneer are given. To be bindingly accepted, written bids need to be received at least 24 hours before auction. If necessary, the auctioneer is allowed to increase the bids by 3-5%. Should several bids be obtained in writing bidding the
If a coin that is sold by us is sent to a grading service ("slabbing"), we do not guarantee that the coin will be slabbed (nor that it will be slapped at any particular grade or with any particular comments); however, we always warranty that each coin or numismatic item we sell will be genuine. The authenticity of the coins is warranted. Warranted up to the total purchase price. The prices set out in the catalogue are estimates only, which may bei exceeded or undercut. Orders for less than 80 per cent of the estimated price cannot accepted. Purchasers from abroad will have to observe all applicable laws and regulations in respect of foreign exchange, customs duties and taxation of their country. The auctioneer will only discharge such formalities, which have to be observed, in the Federal Republic of Germany in connection with the export of the purchased item(s). Unless stipulated otherwise herein, the general rules regulations for auctions applicable in Germany shall govern any transaction in respect of the auction; German Law shall also be applicable in relation to purchasers form abroad. Only the German text has legal forde. The prices realized will be published in the form of a list immediately after the auction.
THE AUCTIONEERS:
FRITZ RUDOLF KÜNKER DR. ANDREAS KAISER ARNE KIRSCH OLIVER KÖPP
NUMISMATISCHE AUSDRÜCKE EXPRESSIONS NUMISMATIQUES NUMISMATIC TERMS TERMINI DI NUMISMATICA НУМИЗМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕРМИНЫ
DEUTSCH
ENGLISCH
FRANÇAIS
ITALIANO
RUSSISCH
Abschlag Am Rand Berieben Blei Dezentriert Doppelschlag Einfassung Einseitig Emailliert Erhaltung Etwas Exemplar Fassungsspuren Fehlpr?gung
struck at the rim/border slightly polished lead uncentered double struck frame uniface enamelled condition/preservation slightly specimen, copy trace of mounting mis-strike
frappe en tranche frotté plomb décentré double frappe encadrement uniface émaillé conservation un peu exemplaire traces de monture défaut de frappe
coniazione al bordo trattato piombo non centrato ribattitura cornice uniface smaltato conservazione un poco esemplare tracce di montatura difetto di coniazione
Feld(er) Fundexemplar Gedenkmünze Gegl?ttet Gelocht Geprägt Gewellt Goldpatina Henkelspur Hübsch Jahrh. = Jahrhundert. Kl. = klein Korrosionsspuren Kratzer Kupfer Legierung Leicht(e) l. = links Min. = minimal Nachahmung Prachtexemplar
field(s) specimen from a hoard commemorative coin tooled holed minted bent golden patina mount mark attractive century small traces of corrosion scratch(es) copper alloy slightly left minimal imitation attractive, perfect piece
champ exemplaire de trouvaille monnaie commémorative retouch? trou? frappé ondulé patine dorée Trace de monture joli siècle petit traces de corrosion rayure cuivre alliage légèrement gauche minime imitation pièce magnifique
campo da tesoretto moneta commemorativa liscio bucato coniato ondolato patina d´oro Tracce di appicagnolo carino secolo piccolo segni di corrosione graffio(i) rame lega leggero sinistra minimamente contraffazzione esemplare magnifico
Prägeschwäche Randdelle Randfehler Randschrift r. = rechts Rückseite Schriftspuren
weakly struck edge nick edge faults lettered edge to right reverse traces of inscription
de frappe faible défaut sur la tranche erreur sur la tranche tranche inscrite droite revers traces de légende
conio stanco ammaccatura al bordo errore nel bordo inscrizione sul bordo destra rovescio tracce di leggenda
Schrötling Schrötlingsfehler Schwach ausgeprägt Selten in dieser Erhaltung
flan flan defect weakly struck rare in this condition
flan flan défectueux de frappe faible rare en cet état
tondello errore di tondello conio stanco conservazione rara
Seltener Jahrgang Stempel Stempelfehler Überdurchschnittlich erhalten Überprägt Unediert
rare year die(s) mistake in the die extraordinary condition
année rare coin erreur de frappe conservation extraordinaire
annata rara conio errore di conio conservazione estraordinaria
ОТТИСК НА ГУРТЕ ПОТЕРТАЯ СВИНЕЦ АССИМЕТРИЧНЫЙ ДВОЙНОЙ ЧЕКАН КАЙМА ОДНОСТОРОННЯЯ ЭМАЛИРОВАННАЯ СОХРАННОСТЬ СЛЕГКА ЭКЗЕМПЛЯР СЛЕДЫ ОБРАБОТКИ ОШИБКА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЧЕКАНКИ ПОЛЕ ЭКЗЕМПЛЯР ПАМЯТНАЯ МОНЕТА ОТГЛАЖЕННАЯ ПРОКОЛАТАЯ ОТЧЕКАНЕННАЯ ВОЛНИСТАЯ ЗОЛОТАЯ ПАТИНА СЛЕДЫ ОТ УШКА КРАСИВАЯ СТОЛЕТИЕ МАЛЕНЬКИЙ СЛЕДЫ КОРРОЗИИ ЦАРАПИНА МЕДЬ СПЛАВ ЛЕГКИЙ СЛЕВА МИНИМАЛЬНЫЙ ИМИТАЦИЯ ПРЕВОСХОДНЫЙ ЭКЗЕМПЛЯР ИЗДЕРЖКН ПРИ ЧЕКАНКE ВМЯТИНА НА ГУРТЕ ОШИБКА НА ГУРТЕ ГУРТОВАЯ НАДПИСЬ СПРАВА РЕВЕРС СЛЕДЫ ПРЕДЫДУЩЕЙ НАДПИСИ ЗАГОТОВКА БРАК ЗАГОТОВКИ СЛАБО ОТЧЕКАНEНА РЕДКАЯ В ТАКОЙ СОХРАННОСТИ РЕДКИЙ ГОД ШТАМП ОШИБКА ШТАМПА СОХРАННОСТЬ ВЫШЕ СРЕДНЕГО
overstruck unpublished
surfrappé in?dit
ribattuto inedito
Unikum Vergoldet Von allergrößter Seltenheit Vorderseite Winz.= winzig Zain Zierrand Zinn ziseliert
unique specimen gilt extremely rare head tiny flan ornamental border tin chased
unique doré de toute rareté en face petit flan tranche ornée ?tain ciselé
pezzo unico dorato di estrema raritá diritto veramente piccolo tondello taglio ornato stagno cesellato
ПЕРЕЧЕКАН НЕОПУБЛИКОВАННАЯ МОНЕТА УНИКАЛЬНАЯ ПОЗОЛОЧЕННАЯ НАИРЕДЧАЙШАЯ АВЕРС НЕЗНАЧИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАГОТОВКА ДЕКОРАТИВНЫЙ ГУРТ ЦИНК ГРАВИРОВАННЫЙ
Künker eAuctions
Künker eAuctions
Unsere eAuctions umfassen circa 250 Losnummern. In einem festgelegten Zeitraum von 14 Tagen haben Sie die Möglichkeit, online auf die für Sie interessanten Münzen und Medaillen zu bieten. Die einzelnen Losnummern laufen zeitlich versetzt aus. Selbstverständlich werden Sie über Ihren aktuellen Gebotsstatus laufend per Email informiert und können Ihre Gebote bei Bedarf bis zur letzten Sekunde erhöhen.
Our eAuctions contain 250 lots. During a fixed period of 14 days you have the opportunity to submit your bids online on your favourite coins and medals.
Weitere Informationen und die nächsten Termine zu den Künker eAuctions finden Sie unter:
You may find further information and the next dates of the Künker eAuctions here:
www.kuenker.de
www.kuenker.com
Each lot will expire at different times. Certainly you will be informed constantly by email about the current status of your bids so that you permanent have the possibility – if necessary – to raise your bids till the end of the eAuction.
Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Gutenbergstraße 23 · 49076 Osnabrück · Germany Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20 · Fax +49 (0)541 96 20 222 www.kuenker.de · service@kuenker.de Osnabrück · Berlin · München · Zürich
IMPRESSUM NUMISMATISCHE BEARBEITUNG FOTOS LAYOUT DRUCK
Michael Autengruber, Alexandra Spreu, Dr. Sebastian Steinbach, Jens Ulrich Thormann M. A., Eva Weber, Manuela Weiß Lübke & Wiedemann, Stuttgart danner pc - gesteuerte systeme waiblingen meister print und media, Kassel Jeglicher Nachdruck, auch auszugsweise, bedarf der Genehmigung des Auktionshauses
ZAHLUNGEN AUS DEM INLAND Deutsche Bank Osnabrück Dresdner Bank Osnabrück Sparkasse Osnabrück Volksbank eG Bad Laer-Borgloh-Hilter-Melle Bankhaus Lampe KG, Bielefeld Postbank Hannover HypoVereinsbank München WestLB Dortmund Paypal
(BLZ 265 700 90) Konto-Nummer 0 177 006 (BLZ 265 800 70) Konto-Nummer 780 520 200 (BLZ 265 501 05) Konto-Nummer 247 320 (BLZ 265 624 90) Konto-Nummer 1 200 222 400 (BLZ 480 201 51) Konto-Nummer 174 076 (BLZ 250 100 30) Konto-Nummer 2900 60-308 (BLZ 700 202 70) Konto-Nummer 24 17 952 (BLZ 440 500 00) Konto-Nummer 1128 842 paypal@kuenker.de, Service charge: 3,5 %
ZAHLUNGEN AUS DEM AUSLAND - FOREIGN PAYMENTS Deutsche Bank Osnabrück Sparkasse Osnabrück Postbank Hannover Credit Suisse-5288 Credit Cards Paypal
IBAN: DE11 2657 0090 0017 7006 00 Swift-Code: DEUTDE3B265 IBAN: DE50 2655 0105 0000 2473 20 Swift-Code: NOLADE22XXX IBAN: DE73 2501 0030 0290 0603 08 Swift-Code: PBNKDEFF IBAN: CH88 0483 5013 5494 4200 1 Swift-Code: CRESCHZZ81Z We do accept VISA and MASTERCARD, Service charge: 4,5 % paypal@kuenker.de, Service charge: 3,5 %
ZAHLUNGEN INNERHALB RUSSLANDS - PAYMENTS WITHIN RUSSIA Deutsche Bank Moskau ʽʽʽ Ηʪ̸̨̜̖ ʥ̡̦̌Η
ИНН 7728717332; КПП 772801001 Получатель: ЗАО "Кюнкер" счет №: 40702810500000000825; БИК: 044525101 корсчет №: 30101810100000000101
ERHALTUNGS- UND SELTENHEITSGRADE Orden, Ehrenzeichen und historische Sammlungsgegenstände sind Objekte, die zum Tragen bzw. zum Gebrauch bestimmt waren und somit einer naturgemäßen Abnutzung unterliegen. Besonders bei frühen Exemplaren berücksichtigt die Erhaltungseinstufung das Alter. Mängel oder Beschädigungen, die über das übliche Maß hinausgehen, werden in der Beschreibung ausdrücklich erwähnt. Wir weisen in diesem Zusammenhang auch ausdrücklich darauf hin, daß der Kunde die Möglichkeit zur Vorbesichtigung vor der Versteigerung hat. Erhaltungsangaben als Ergebnis subjektiver Betrachtung sind kein Bestandteil der Beschreibung. Der jeweilige Erhaltungszustand ist nach der Beschreibung wie folgt angegeben: I II III IV
= = = =
Prachtexemplar, neuwertig oder neu; vorzüglich erhalten, mit kleinen Gebrauchsspuren; gut erhalten, mit Gebrauchsspuren; mit sehr deutlichen Gebrauchsspuren