Auktion 210 by Fritz Rudolf Kuenker GmbH & Co. KG

Titelfoto (Nr. 1021) TÜRKEI Mahmûd I. 1143-1168 H./1730-1754 AD. 5 Altin (cedid Istanbul beshlik) 1143 H., Islâmbûl (Istanbul). Artuk 1779, Pere 543; YKB 596; KM 242.

AUKTION 210 THE SULTAN COLLECTION An Old Private Collection of Ottoman Coins, Part 2 Münzen des Ottomanischen Reiches, Teil 2 ZEIT

Montag, 18. Juni 2012 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr: Nr. 909 - Nr. 1582 14.00 Uhr - 15.30 Uhr: Nr. 1583 - Nr. 1970

ORT

Steigenberger Hotel Remarque Osnabrück, Natruper-Tor-Wall 1

AUKTIONS-TELEFON

+49 (0)541 60 96 633

AUKTIONS-FAX

+49 (0)541 60 96 634 in Zusammenarbeit mit:

NUMISART Roland Michel 18, place du Manoir CH - 1223 Cologny - Genève Schweiz Telefon +41 (0)22 73 67 593 Fax +41 (0)22 73 50 210 numisart@bluewin.ch www.numisart.ch

Auktionen 210-215, Juni 2012 18. JUNI 2012 18./19. JUNI 2012 19. JUNI 2012

Auktion 210 The Sultan Collection, Part 2 Auktion 211 Münzen und Medaillen aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit Auktion 212 Die Haussammlung der Fürsten zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich

20./21. JUNI 2012

Auktion 213 Sammlung Vogel, Hamburg, Teil 2

21./22. JUNI 2012

Auktion 214 Geprägtes Gold aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit Russische Münzen und Medaillen

22. JUNI 2012

Auktion 215 Orden und Ehrenzeichen

Zeitplan/Timetable Auktion 210 The Sultan Collection Münzen des Ottomanischen Reiches, Teil 2

Montag, 18. Juni 2012 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 909 bis Nr. 1582 Sulaymân II. ibn Ibrâhîm - Selîm III. 14.00 Uhr - 15.30 Uhr Nr. 1583 bis Nr. 1970 Mustafâ IV. - Mahmûd II.

Auktion 211 Münzen und Medaillen aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit

15.30 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr Nr. 2001 bis Nr. 2587

Europa, Übersee Dienstag, 19. Juni 2012 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 2588 bis Nr. 3197 Habsburg, Deutschland: Anhalt - Jülich-Kleve-Berg 14.00 Uhr - 16.30 Uhr Nr. 3198 bis Nr. 3656 Deutschland: Kempten - Würzburg, Spezialsammlungen, Medaillen, Papiergeld, Münzenlots, Literatur

Auktion 212 Die Haussammlung der Fürsten zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich

Auktion 213 Sammlung Vogel, Hamburg, Teil 2 Die Goldmünzen der deutschen Staaten ab 1800

16.30 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr Nr. 4001 bis Nr. 4328

Mittwoch, 20. Juni 2012 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 4501 bis Nr. 4931 Deutsche Staaten: Anhalt - Hannover 14.00 Uhr - 17.30 Uhr Nr. 4932 bis Nr. 5357 Deutsche Staaten: Hessen - Wuppertal

Sammlung Vogel, Hamburg, Teil 2 Deutsche Münzen ab 1871 - mit einer kompletten Typensammlung Kaiserreich in Gold und Silber

Donnerstag, 21. Juni 2012 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 5358 bis Nr. 6077 Deutsche Münzen ab 1871: Reichsgoldmünzen, Reichskleinmünzen, Reichssilbermünzen: Anhalt - Sachsen 14.00 Uhr - 15.00 Uhr Nr. 6078 bis Nr. 6359 Reichssilbermünzen: Sachsen-Altenburg - Württemberg, Weltkrieg und Inflation, Weimarer Republik, Drittes Reich, BRD, DDR, Kolonien, Notmünzen, Danzig, Litzmannstadt, Proben, Lots

Auktion 214 Geprägtes Gold aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit Russische Münzen und Medaillen

15.00 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr Nr. 7001 bis Nr. 7764

Freitag, 22. Juni 2012 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 8001 bis Nr. 8368

Auktion 215 Orden und Ehrenzeichen 2

14.00 Uhr - 18.00 Uhr Nr. 9001 bis Nr. 9761

Sehr geehrte Münzfreunde/Dear Coin Collectors, Ich wünsche Ihnen viel Freude mit unseren neuen Auktionskatalogen und hoffe, Sie finden einige schöne Stücke für Ihre Sammlung. Als Europas führendes Auktionshaus für Münzen, Medaillen und Orden hat sich unser Dienstleistungsspektrum für Sie als unsere Kunden stetig verbessert und erweitert. Einen kleinen Überblick über unsere Angebote finden Sie hier. I wish you a lot of pleasure with our new auction catalogues and I hope you will find a few additonal items for your collection. As Europe´s leading auction company for coins, medals and decorations our range of services for our customers has been steadily improving and expanding. Following is a short overview of our offers. Mit herzlichen Grüßen/With warm regards

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AUKTIONEN/AUCTIONS Besuchen Sie unsere international bedeutenden Auktionen, die Ihnen viermal jährlich zahlreiche Raritäten bieten. Profitieren Sie als Bieter oder Einlieferer von unserer Erfahrung und Kompetenz. Visit our internationally recognized auctions which take place four times a year and offer many rarities. Benefit from our experience and competence while being a bidder or consigner. GOLDHANDEL/GOLD COIN TRADING Wir bieten Ihnen ein ständiges Angebot sowie den Ankauf von Anlagemünzen aus Deutschland, Europa und aller Welt zu fairen tagesaktuellen Preisen. We are constantly offering as well as purchasing a vast range of German, European and World bullion coins. We buy and sell gold assets at a fair, daily updated market price. ONLINE-SHOP Wir bieten Ihnen in unserem Online-Shop auf www.kuenker.de ein täglich aktualisiertes Münz-Angebot von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit. Kaufen Sie hier unkompliziert zum Festpreis und ohne Risiko. We offer you an exclusive daily updated selection of coins from ancient to modern times. You can order at www.kuenker.com without hassle or risk. eLIVE AUCTION Mit unseren eLive Auctions können Sie über das Internet an regelmäßigen Auktionen mit einem virtuellen Auktionator teilnehmen. Sie können Vorgebote bequem online abgeben und abschließend die Auktion live am Bildschirm für sich entscheiden. With our eLive Auctions, we offer you an opportunity to participate in regular auctions live over the Internet. You can submit preliminary bids online, and up to the last moment of the sale you can win auctions live on your computer screen. ORDEN UND EHRENZEICHEN/ORDERS AND DECORATIONS Einmal im Jahr findet unsere besondere Ordensauktion statt, die sich ganz den dekorativen Ehrenzeichen widmet. Profitieren Sie als Bieter oder Einlieferer von unserer Erfahrung und Kompetenz im Bereich Phaleristik. Once a year there is a special auction dedicated to medals and decorations. Benefit from our experience in the field of phaleristik becoming our bidder or consigner.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Besichtigung/On View Die Besichtigung des Auktionsgutes kann nach vorheriger telefonischer Absprache erfolgen. Auction lots may be viewed by appointment only.

Online-Katalog/Online Catalogue

KUENKER.DE

Betrachten Sie unsere Auktionskataloge im Internet! Unter www.kuenker.de und www.sixbid.com haben Sie die Möglichkeit, Abbildungen zu vergrößern, Ihre Gebote direkt abzugeben und die Ergebnisse der Auktionen abzurufen. Please browse our auction catalogues at www.kuenker.com or at www.sixbid.com! You will have the possibility to zoom all images, to place your bids and to view all auction results online.

Künker-Service Wir sind mittlerweile mit neun eigenen Standorten in Deutschland und Europa vertreten. So können wir Ihnen unseren beliebten Künker-Service auch in Ihrer Nähe anbieten. Unsere Leistungen vor Ort: • Persönliche Beratung und Betreuung in Ihrer Nähe. • Sie können Ihre Münzen direkt einliefern oder verkaufen, ersteigerte Münzen abholen und sich nach Vereinbarung Einlieferungen auszahlen lassen. • Sie können sich von unserem Kooperationspartner auf den Künker-Auktionen vertreten lassen. We are now represented with nine locations in Germany and Europe so that we can also provide you the best service in your vicinity. Our local services: • You always have a point of contact nearby. • You can directly consign or sell your coins, collect purchases and receive by appointment payment for consignments. • You can have our cooperation partner represent you at our auctions. OSNABRÜCK Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Gutenbergstraße 23, 49076 Osnabrück Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20, E-Mail: service@kuenker.de USt-IdNr./VAT-No: DE256270181 Haupptstsititz Ha ititz in in Osn s abbrüückk

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Standorte/Locations

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MÜNCHEN Künker Numismatik AG Löwengrube 12, 80333 München Dr. Hubert Ruß Tel. +49 (0)89 242 198 38, service@kuenker-numismatik.de Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Maximiliansplatz 12a, 80333 München Frank Richardsen Tel. +49 (0)89 242 16 990, frank.richardsen@kuenker.de BERLIN Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Poststraße 22, 10178 Berlin-Mitte Wollankstraße 117, 13187 Berlin-Pankow Michael Otto Tel. +49 (0)30 247 248 91, michael.otto@kuenker.de

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HAMBURG Künker Hamburg, c/o Roland Trampe Roland Trampe Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20, roland.trampe@kuenker.de KONSTANZ Künker Konstanz, c/o Michael Autengruber Schulthaißstraße 10, 78462 Konstanz Michael Autengruber Tel. +49 (0)7531 28 44 69, michael.autengruber@kuenker.de

Michaeel Autengruubeer

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ZNOJMO Künker Znojmo, c/o Petr Kovaljov 17. Listopadu 18, 66902 Znojmo, Tschechische Republik Petr Kovaljov Tel. +42 (0)603 81 10 31, petr.kovaljov@kuenker.de ZÜRICH Künker Zürich, c/o Hess-Divo AG Löwenstraße 55, 8001 Zürich, Schweiz Ulf Künker Tel. +41 (0)44 225 40 90, zuerich@kuenker.de

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MOSKAU Künker Moskau, c/o Russian Coin Co. Ltd. Lyalin pereulok dom 9, str. 1, of. 3, 105062 Moskau, Russland Aleksey Onchukov Tel. +7 (495) 589 56 10, aleksey.onchukov@kuenker.de

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Was ist für Ihre schriftliche Auktionsteilnahme besonders wichtig?

DEUTSCH

• Bitte senden Sie uns Ihre Aufträge möglichst frühzeitig zu. Wenn uns Ihr Auftrag erst kurz vor der Auktion erreicht, können sich bei der Bearbeitung Fehler einschleichen. Das beiliegende Formular erleichtert Ihnen die Abgabe eines schriftlichen Gebots. Gerne nehmen wir Ihre Gebote per Post, Fax oder Email entgegen. • Wenn Sie noch nicht bei uns gekauft haben, bitten wir Sie, uns als Referenz eine Münzhandlung anzugeben, mit der Sie bereits in Geschäftsverbindung stehen. • Wir gewährleisten die Echtheit aller verkauften Objekte auch über die gesetzliche Frist hinaus.

Sie möchten telefonisch an der Auktion teilnehmen? Die telefonische Teilnahme an der Auktion ist bei uns selbstverständlich möglich. Wir rufen Sie während der Auktion gerne an und helfen Ihnen, die gewünschten Stücke zu ersteigern. Aus organisatorischen Gründen bitten wir Sie, die folgenden Punkte zu beachten:

Ulrich Künker Leiter Kundenbetreuung

• Telefonisches Bieten ist nur bei Losen mit einer Taxe von mind. € 500,– möglich. • Bitte teilen Sie uns mindestens 48 Stunden vor der Auktion mit, zu welchen Stücken Sie angerufen werden möchten. • Bitte achten Sie darauf, dass Sie erreichbar sind, wenn Ihre Stücke versteigert werden. Der Zeitplan in diesem Katalog hilft Ihnen dabei, den Zeitpunkt der Versteigerung abzuschätzen. • Wir empfehlen, zusätzlich zu Ihrem Anrufwunsch auch ein Gebotslimit abzugeben, damit wir für Sie auch dann bieten können, falls die Verbindung nicht zustande kommt. • Bitte beachten Sie, dass telefonisches Bieten eine unsichere Variante der Auktionsteilnahme sein kann. Wir können keine Garantie für das Zustandekommen der telefonischen Verbindung übernehmen. Wenn Sie sicher gehen wollen, besuchen Sie bitte unsere Auktion persönlich oder geben Sie uns ein schriftliches Gebot.

Was passiert nach der Auktion? Barbara Westmeyer deutschsprachige Kundenbetreuung

Telefon: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 Gebührenfrei: 0800 58 36 537 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Internet: www.kuenker.de Montag – Donnerstag 8.30 – 17.00 Uhr Freitag 8.00 – 15.30 Uhr

• Der Versand der Auktionsware startet sofort nach Beendigung der Auktion und dauert in der Regel 8 Tage. • Alle Kunden, die an unserer Auktion schriftlich teilgenommen haben, erhalten innerhalb von 2 Wochen nach der Auktion unsere Ergebnisliste gratis. • Alle Ergebnisse sind spätestens einen Tag nach Auktionsende auf unserer Internetseite verfügbar.

Sie möchten Ihre Münzen in unsere Auktion einliefern? Sollten Sie sich zum Verkauf Ihrer Münzen entschlossen haben, kommen Sie zu uns. Seit 1985 beweisen wir mit derzeit 4 Auktionsterminen und ca. 15 Katalogen pro Jahr unsere Kompetenz und Zuverlässigkeit. Wichtige Informationen für Sie im Überblick: • Ihre Münzen werden von unseren Experten nach neuestem numismatischem Standard bestimmt und in hochwertigen Farbkatalogen präsentiert. • Wir verfügen mit mehr als 10.000 Kunden über eine der besten Kundendateien weltweit. Im Durchschnitt verkaufen wir mehr als 95 % der Stücke einer Auktion, nicht selten erzielen wir dabei Rekordzuschläge. Für nicht verkaufte Objekte werden keine Gebühren erhoben. • Ab der Übergabe an uns sind Ihre Münzen mit dem doppelten Schätzwert versichert. Unsere Kundenbetreuung bespricht gerne mit Ihnen wie Ihre Stücke sicher zu uns gelangen können. • Ihre Einlieferung wird Ihnen sofort nach der Übernahme quittiert. Spätestens 5 Wochen vor der Auktion erhalten Sie eine Auflistung Ihrer Stücke inkl. Katalognummern und Schätzpreisen. • Unmittelbar nach der Auktion erhalten Sie die Ergebnisliste und können dann alle erzielten Preise feststellen. Den Auktionserlös erhalten Sie innerhalb von 45 Tagen nach der Auktion.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Important facts for a written participation in the auction • Please send us your instructions as early as possible. The likelihood of errors occurring increases if we receive your instructions only shortly before the auction. The enclosed form should make it simple for you to submit a written bid, you may send your bids by mail, fax or e-mail. • If you are a new customer who has not yet purchased from us, we do request references. Please name a coin dealer with whom you have already done business. • The genuineness of all objects sold is warranted beyond the statutory length of time.

ENGLISH

Do you wish to participate by telephone? You are welcome to participate in our auction by telephone. We are glad to call you during the auction and to assist you in bidding for your items. Please take notice of the following conditions: • Telephone bidding is accepted exclusively on lot numbers with estimates at 500 Euro or above. • Please inform us at least 48 hours in advance if you wish to register for telephone bidding, even for single lots. We do need 48 hours to schedule all incoming requests. • Please be available, when your lots will be sold. The time schedule in the catalogue will help you to estimate the approximate time when your items are going to be sold. • When you register for telephone bidding, we recommend to leave a written bid in addition. This bid will only be executed, should the telephone bidding be interrupted or not be achieved. • Please be aware that telephone bidding is a risky way of participation in our auction. We do not assume liability should the telephone line be interrupted or not be achieved. We advise you to attend the auction in person or to send written bids.

Nadine Zuber English, Deutsch

What occurs after the auction? • The shipment of all auction goods starts immediately after the completion of the entire auction week and it usually takes 8 days to be completed. • All auction results are available on our website one day after the end of the auction week. • All clients who submitted bids for the auction will automatically receive the list of auction results free of charge within two weeks after the end of auction.

Do you wish to consign your coins to our auction? Should you decide to sell your coins, we are ready to assist you. Since 1985 we have earned our bona fides in conducting over 4 auctions and in publishing 15 catalogues per year. In the following you will find the most important information on consigning: • We guarantee the professional handling of your consignment following the latest numismatic level of expertise including its presentation in colour catalogues of outstanding quality. • We possess one of the best customer lists worldwide. On average we sell more than 95 % of all items in our auction, and it is not unusual for us to achieve record hammer prices for lots submitted. Unsold items incur no fees. • Once the coins are consigned they are covered by our insurance at double the estimate. Upon consultation with our customer service we try to advise you on the safest way of shipping for your coins. • Your delivery will be confirmed in writing immediately on receipt. At least five weeks before the auction, you will receive an exact list of your objects with the relevant catalogue numbers and descriptions. • Within a week of the end of auction, you will receive a list of auction results in order to see what prices were reached for each individual lot. As a consignor, you will receive the auction proceeds within 45 days after the end of auction.

Marion Künker English, Deutsch

Phone: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Website: www.kuenker.com Monday –Thursday 8.30 AM – 5 PM Friday 8 AM – 3.30 PM

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Votre participation par écrit – Les points essentiels

FRANCAIS

• Veuillez nous faire parvenir vos ordres le plus tôt possible. Si vos ordres nous parviennent juste avant la vente aux enchères, des erreurs risquent d’être commises lors de leur traitement. Le formulaire ci-joint vous aidera à rédiger facilement votre offre. Vous pouvez nous envoyer vos ordres par la poste, par fax ou par e-mail. • Si vous n’avez encore fait aucune acquisition chez nous, nous vous prions de nous indiquer une ou deux références d’autres maisons numismatiques où vous avez déjà acheté. • L’authenticité des pièces vendues est garantie même au-delà des délais légaux.

Vous voulez participer par téléphone? La participation par téléphone est bien sûr possible. Nous vous appelons volontiers pour vous aider à acquérir les pièces voulues. Pour des raisons d´organisation veuillez noter les points suivants:

Alexandra Elflein, M. A. Français, Deutsch, English, Italiano

• La participation par téléphone est possible seulement pour les lots estimé à plus de 500 Euros chacun. • Veuillez nous informer au moins 48 heures avant la vente de la liste des pièces pour lesquelles vous voudriez être appelé. • Veuillez prendre soin d´être joignable quand vos pièces seront mises en vente. L’ordre de vente dans ce catalogue vous aidera à estimer l´heure de la vente. • Vue les risques de la participation téléphonique, nous vous recommandons néanmoins d’indiquer une limite maximale pour chaque lot, pour que nous puissions enchérir pour vous, même si la communication téléphonique serait interrompue ou ne pourrait pas être établie. • La participation par téléphone présente des risques, et nous déclinons toute responsabilité dans le cas où la communication téléphonique serait interrompue, ou bien ne pourrait être établie.

Ce qui se passe après la vente Kmar Chachoua Français, Deutsch, English, Arabic

Tél. +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Facs. +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Site: www.kuenker.de Lundi à Jeudi de 8h30 à 17h00 Vendredi de 8h00 à 15h30

• L´expédition des biens va commencer immédiatement après la fin de la vente complète, et prend généralement 8 jours. • Tous les clients qui ont participé à l’une de nos ventes aux enchères recevront gratuitement une liste de résultats dans les deux semaines qui suivent. • Les résultats seront disponibles sur notre site internet, au plus tard un jour après la fin de la vente.

Vous voulez confier vos monnaies pour nos ventes aux enchères? Contactez nous si vous envisagez de vendre vos pièces. Notre compétence et fiabilité est prouvée depuis 1985 par actuellement 4 ventes aux enchères et environ 15 catalogues par an. Le plus important pour vous est que: • Vos pièces seront décrites par notre équipe d’experts selon les standards numismatiques les plus récents, et elles seront présentées dans des catalogues de haute qualité en couleurs. • Nous avons un des meilleurs fichiers-clientèle du monde avec plus de 10.000 clients. Nous vendons en moyenne plus de 95% de la vente aux enchères, et obtenons souvent des prix records. Les monnaies invendues n’encourent aucun frais. • Notre service clientèle est disponible pour vous conseiller pour l’envoi de vos pièces, et dès leur réception vos pièces seront assurées pour le double de la valeur d´estimation. • Vous recevrez une liste détaillée des pièces fournies au moment de la prise en charge puis, au plus tard cinq semaines avant la vente aux enchères, vous recevrez leur liste exacte avec les numéros de catalogue correspondants. • Immédiatement après la vente aux enchères, vous recevrez la liste des résultats et pourrez prendre connaissance des prix obtenus. Vous recevrez le produit de la vente dans les 45 jours après les enchères.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

I punti piú importanti per la Sua partecipazione per iscritto • La preghiamo di farci pervenire i Suoi ordini al piú presto possibile. Se i Suoi ordini ci arrivano poco prima dellínizio dellásta possono verificarsi errori. Il formulario allegato Le faciliterá línvio dei Suoi ordini per iscritto. Ci puó far pervenire i Suoi ordini per posta, per fax o per email. • Se non ha mai acquistato presso di noi, La preghiamo di volerci indicare a titolo di referenza il nome di uno o due commercianti numismatici presso i quali è giá cliente. • L’autenticità di tutti gli oggetti venduti viene garantita anche oltre i termini previsti dalla legge.

ITALIANO

Desidera partecipare telefonicamente alla nostra asta? La partecipazione telefonica è naturalmente da noi possibile. La chiameremo durante lásta e La assisteremo volentieri per ottenere lággiudicazione dei pezzi desiderati. Per motivi di organizzazione La preghiamo di voler tenere conto dei seguenti punti: • La partecipazione telefonica è possibile solo per lotti stimati con almeno 500,– € lúno. • La preghiamo di volerci comunicare almeno 48 ore prima dellínizio dellásta per quali pezzi desidera essere chiamato. • La preghiamo di aver cura di essere raggiungibile telefonicamente al momento in cui vengono messi allásta i pezzi che Le interessano. Lo schema orario in catalogo La aiuterá a stimare a che ora verranno messi allásta i pezzi che Le interessano. • Consigliamo di indicare sempre assieme alla richiesta di partecipazione telefonica anche un´ importo massimo, per permetterci di fare per Lei lófferta anche nel caso in cui la telefonata non fosse possibile. • La partecipazione telefonica è un modo incerto di partecipare alle aste. Non assumiamo nessuna responsabilità se per esempio la linea telefonica è occupata o interrotta o se Lei non sará raggiungibile per altri motivi.

Sonia Russo, M. A. Italiano, Deutsch, English, Español

Cosa succede dopo lásta? • La spedizione del materiale dásta comincia subito dopo la fine dellíntera asta e termina normalmente entro 8 giorni. • Tutti i clienti che hanno partecipato allásta ricevono entro 2 settimane dopo lásta la lista dei prezzi di realizzo. • I prezzi di realizzo sono visionabili sul nostro sito internet al piú tardi un giorno dopo la fine dellíntera asta.

Vuole consegnarci le Sue monete per una nostra asta? Ci contatti se ha deciso di vendere le Sue monete. Dal 1985 la nostra competenza ed affidabilità è dimostrata da attualmente 4 aste e circa 15 cataloghi all´anno. Quali sono i punti di maggior importanza per Lei:

Cristina Welzel Italiano, Deutsch, English, Français

Tel.: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Internet: www.kuenker.de Lunedì a giovedì dalle 8.30 alle 17.00 Venerdì dalle 8.00 alle 15.30

• Le Sue monete vengono valutate dal nostro staff di esperti secondo i piú attuali standard numismatici e vengono presentati in cataloghi di alto valore a colori. • Con piú di 10.000 clienti disponiamo di una delle migliori banca dati clienti del mondo. In media vendiamo oltre il 95% del materiale dásta realizzando spesso prezzi da record. Per i pezzi invenduti non ci sono nessune spese da pagare. • Dal momento della consegna le Sue monete sono assicurate per il doppio del valore di stima. Il nostro servizio clientela Le consiglierá volentieri come farci avere le Sue monete nel modo piú sicuro. • La Sua consegna Le verrá immediatamente quietanzata al momento della resa dei pezzi. Al piú tardi 5 settimane prima dellásta riceverá una lista dettagliata dei Suoi pezzi con i numeri di catalogo ed i prezzi di stima. • Subito dopo lásta riceverá la lista con i risultati dásta dalla quale potrá subito controllare i prezzi realizzati. Riceverá límporto di realizzo entro 45 giorni dopo la fine dellásta.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Что особенно важно при заочном участии на аукционе?

RUSSKIJ

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Vortrag von Michael Autengruber anlässlich unserer Sommer-Auktionen 210 – 215

Das Mysterium um die Beute von Waterloo – Die verschlungenen Pfade der Orden Napoléons von Belle-Alliance bis Paris Napoléon I., Kaiser der Franzosen (1769 – 1821), war Inhaber der höchsten Orden der meisten europäischen Staaten seiner Zeit. Am Abend der Schlacht von Belle-Alliance/Waterloo, am 18. Juni 1815, fiel preußischen Soldaten die gesamte Equipage des Korsen in die Hände, und mit ihr unzählige Juwelen, Gold- und Silbermünzen, silberne Tafelservice, Kleider und Gebrauchsgegenstände, darunter auch seine persönlichen Ordensinsignien. Teile davon gelangten durch Feldmarschall Gebhard Leberecht Fürst Blücher in die Königlichen Kunstsammlungen in Berlin und schließlich ins Zeughaus, aus dessen Beständen sie zu Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges verschwanden und erst wieder in den 1990er Jahren im Historischen Museum in Moskau wieder auftauchten. Derzeit sind sie (bis zum 8. Juli 2012) als Leihgabe der Russischen Föderation im Museum der Ehrenlegion und der Ritterorden in Paris zusammen mit weiteren Ordensinsignien und Preziosen aus der »Waterloo-Beute« zu sehen. Der Vortragende beabsichtigt, anhand von zahlreichen Bildern, zeitgenössischen Berichten und Darstellungen die verschlungenen und spannenden Pfade der »Waterloo-Beute« wie auch dieser wohl einzigartigen »Sammlung« von Ordensinsignien nachzuzeichnen.

Donnerstag, 21. Juni 2012 um 19:00 Uhr, Steigenberger Hotel Remarque, Osnabrück

INHALT AUKTION 210 Nr. THE SULTAN COLLECTION, PART 2

909

1970

183

Sulaymân II. ibn Ibrâhîm, 1099-1102 H. (1687-1691 AD.)

909

926

909 912 916

911 915 917 918

919

926

927 927 932

935 931 933 934 935

26 25 26 26 26

936 936 944 957 959

961 943 956 958 960 961

26 27 28

31 28 31 31 31 31

962 962 977 985 987

32 33 35

991

997 999 1001

1013

1019 976 984 986 989 990 995 996 998 1000 1009 1010 1011 1012 1019

41 34 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 40 40 40 40 41

1020 1020 1045

42 43 46

Türkei, Silberprägungen Türkei und Bosnien, Kupfermünzen Ägypten, Goldprägungen Libyen, Goldprägung Osmanische Gegenstempel auf venezianischen Zecchini und deren Imitationen Ahmad II. ibn Ibrâhîm, 1102-1106 H. (1691-1695 AD.) Türkei, Silberprägungen Türkei, Kupfermünzen Ägypten, Goldmünze Ägypten, Silbermünze Mustafâ II. ibn Muhammad, 1106-1115 H. (1695-1703 AD.) Türkei, Goldmünzen Türkei, Silbermünzen Ägypten, Goldmünzen Libyen, Silbermünzen Tunesien, Kupfermünze Ahmad III. ibn Muhammad, 1115-1143 H. (1703-1730 AD.) Türkei, Goldmünzen Türkei, Silbermünzen Türkei, Kupfermünzen Armenien, Silbermünzen Azerbaidschan, Iran, Goldmünze Azerbaidschan, Iran, Silbermünzen Azerbaischan, Silbermünze Georgien, Goldmünzen Georgien, Silbermünzen Ägypten, Goldmünzen Ägypten, Silbermünze Ägypten, Kupfermünze Libyen, Kupfermünze Tunesien, Silbermünzen Mahmûd I. 1143-1168 H. (1730-1754 AD.) Türkei, Goldmünzen Türkei, Silbermünzen Türkei, Kupfermünze Iraq, Silbermünze

Seite

1119 1044 1058 1059 1060

21 22 22 22

56 46 48 49 49

Nr. Azerbaidschan, Silbermünzen Georgien, Silbermünzen Ägypten, Goldmünzen Ägypten, Silbermünzen Tunesien, Goldmünze Tunesien, Silbermünzen Algerien, Goldmünzen 'Uthmân III., 1168-1171 H. (1754-1757 AD.) Türkei, Goldmünzen Türkei, Silbermünzen Saudi Arabien (Ostarabien), Kupfermünzen Ägypten, Goldmünzen Ägypten, Silbermünzen Algerien, Goldmünzen Mustafâ III., 1171-1187 H. (1757-1774 AD.) Türkei, Goldmünzen Türkei, Silbermünzen Irak, Kupfermünze Saudi Arabien, Kupfermünzen Syrien, Kupfermünze Ägypten, Goldmünzen Ägypten, Silbermünzen Tunesien, Goldmünzen Tunesien, Silber- und Kupfermünzen Algerien, Goldmünzen Algerien, Silbermünzen 'Abd al-Hamîd I., 1187-1203 H. (1774-1789 AD.) Türkei, Goldmünzen Türkei, Silber- und Kupfermünzen Ägypten, Goldmünzen Ägypten, Silbermünzen Libyen, Goldmünzen Libyen, Silber- und Kupfermünzen Tunesien, Goldmünze Tunesien, Silber- und Kupfermünzen Algerien, Goldmünzen Algerien, Silbermünzen Selîm III., 1203-1222 H. (1789-1807 AD.) Türkei, Goldmünzen Türkei, Silbermünzen Türkei, Kupfermünzen Ägypten, Goldmünzen Ägypten, Silbermünzen

Seite

1061 1064 1066

1103 1111

1063 1065 1100 1101 1102 1110 1119

1120 1120 1125 1133 1135 1137 1139

1143 1143 1187

1223

1227 1253 1256 1261 1267 1271

1280 1280 1316 1356

1381 1383

1388 1402 1405

49 49 54 54 55 55 56

1142 1124 1132 1134 1136 1138 1142

57 57 58

1279 1186 1221 1222 1225 1226 1252 1255 1260 1266 1270 1279

62 63 68

83 84 89 95

1412 1315 1355 1379 1380 1382 1386 1387 1401 1404 1412

100

102

103 88 95 99 99 99 100 100 102 102 103

1413

1582

103

127

1413 1456 1500 1502 1526

1455 1499 1501 1525 1534

104 109

117 120

108 116 116 120 121

61 58 59 60 60 61 61 82 68 74 74 74 74 78 79 80 80 81 82

Nr. Libyen, Goldmünze Libyen, Silbermünzen Tunesien, Silbermünzen Algerien, Goldmünzen Algerien, Silbermünzen Mustafâ IV., 1222-1223 H. (1807-1808 AD.) Türkei, Goldmünzen Türkei, Silber- und Kupfermünzen Ägypten, Goldmünzen Ägypten, Silbermünze Libyen, Silbermünze Tunesien, Silbermünze Algerien, Goldmünze Algerien, Silbermünze Mahmûd II., 1223-1255 H. (1808-1839 AD.) Türkei, Goldmünzen Türkei, Silbermünzen Cihadiye-Ausgaben, Jahre 3-11 IV. und V. Serie VI.-VII. Serie VIII.-IX. Serie Paraprägungen Irak, Goldmünze Irak, Silber- und Kupfermünzen Saudi Arabien, Kupfermünze Ägypten, Goldmünzen Ägypten, Silber- und Kupfermünzen Libyen, Silber- und Billonmünzen Libyen, Kupfermünzen Tunesien, Silber- und Billonmünzen Algerien, Goldmünzen Algerien, Silbermünzen Türkei, Lot

1536 1540 1550 1566

1583 1583 1591 1605

1612 1612 1675 1685 1701 1717 1722 1741

1754

1771 1801 1841 1866 1885 1908 1924

Seite 1535 1539 1549 1565 1582

122 123 124 126

1611 1590 1604 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611

128 128 129

132 129 131 132 132 132 132 132 132

1969 1674 1684 1700 1716 1721 1740 1752 1753 1769 1770 1800 1840 1865 1884 1907 1923 1969 1970

133 134 142 144 147

149 152

154

156 161 165 170 171 175 177

183 142 143 146 148 149 152 153 154 156 156 160 165 169 171 174 176 183 183

Ein Stichwortverzeichnis finden Sie am Ende des Auktionskataloges 214.

122 123 124 126 127

VORWORT

Allgemeines Vorwort zur Sammlung Die hier zur Versteigerung kommende Sammlung osmanischer Münzen kann ohne Übertreibung als die umfassendste gegenwärtig existierende Sammlung ihrer Art bezeichnet werden. Sie ist das Ergebnis von über dreißig Jahren hingabevoller Sammeltätigkeit, tiefen Verständnisses der Materie, sowie eines Netzwerks von befreundeten Händlern und Sammlern, die mit Hinweisen, Diskussionen und guten Diensten den Aufbau dieser einzigartigen Sammlung beförderten. Allen voran ist hier der im Jahr 2004 verstorbene Nestor der osmanischen Numismatik, Kenneth MacKenzie, zu nennen. Dieser hat auch nicht wenige bedeutende und bis dahin unbekannte ältere Münzen der vorliegenden Sammlung in Aufsätzen in türkischen, amerikanischen und britischen Zeitschriften veröffentlicht. Die Anfänge der Sammlung lagen in einer Gruppe wenig attraktiver, doch stets in Ehren gehaltener osmanischer Münzen des 19. Jahrhunderts, welche sich in der Familie des Sammlers vererbt hatten. Als Ende der 1970er Jahre das Auktionshaus Sotheby's begann, regelmäßig Auktionen mit islamischen Münzen zu veranstalten, erwachte das persönliche Interesse des Sammlers und von nun an erwarb er durch die Firma Spinck's regelmäßig einige Goldstücke der Osmanen. Mächtigen Schub bekam das Interesse, als er zu Beginn des Jahres 1990 die Gelegenheit bekam und wahrnahm, Teile einer bedeutenden älteren Sammlung mit weitgehend vollständigen Jahrgangs- und Münzzeichenreihen von Kleinmünzen in überdurchschnittlichen Erhaltungen zu kaufen. Gegen Ende der 90er Jahre zählte der Bestand mit damals etwas über 3000 Stücken bereits zu den großen Sammlungen osmanischer Münzen. Doch das war nur der Ansporn durch das folgende Jahrzehnt, nochmals eine Verdoppelung der Zahl bei qualitativer Vervielfachung zu erreichen. An einem Punkt größter Vollständigkeit angelangt, an dem weitere Ergänzungen zu einem seltenen Ereignis werden, hat sich der Sammler entschlossen, diesen Schatz unter Dokumentation eines detaillierten Kataloges wieder anderen Sammlern zur Verfügung zu stellen. Er folgt damit vielen großen Sammler des 19. Jahrhunderts, die mehr als eine Sammlung aufbauten. Der zweite hier vorliegende Teil dieser Sammlung umfasst einen klar umrissenen Zeitraum der osmanischen Münzgeschichte vom Beginn der Großsilberprägung und zugleich der technischen Innovation auf gängige europäische Standards bis zum Ende der Regierungszeit des Mahmûd II., der die fundamentale Modernisierung des osmanischen Staatsapparates vorbereitete, der dann nach seinem Tod der Anschluss an die wichtigsten europäischen Währungssysteme folgte, an das britische Pfund Sterling im Feingehalt des Goldes und an den Konventionstaler für das Silber. Diese Periode ist in politischer Hinsicht geprägt durch die defensive Abwehr seiner recht aggressiven christlichen europäischen Nachbarstaaten. Auf der einen Seite ist hier das Deutsche Reich zu nennen, das die Türkenkriege als Reichskrieg institutionalisiert hat. In der osmanistischen Geschichtsliteratur wird hier sehr häufig indifferent Österreich oder das Haus Habsburg als Kriegsgegner, seltener als Bündnispartner, der Osmanen angesprochen. Das ist verständlich, wenn man berücksichtigt, in welch hohem Maße bis heute die Kenntnis der osmanischen Geschichte auf Joseph von Hammer-Purgstalls Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, 10 Bände, Pest 1827-1833, basiert, verfasst von einem orientalistisch ausgebildeten österreichischen Diplomaten, der die neue Eigenständigkeit seines Landes ebenso zu begründen hatte wie die historische Legitimität der habsburgischen Donaumonarchie, die sich weitgehend außerhalb des Deutschen Reiches etabliert hatte. Tatsächlich wurden aber die Türkenkriege bis weit in das 18. Jahrhundert hinein als Reichskriege geführt mit militärischen wie finanziellen Ressourcen aus dem ganzen Reich, die in Frankfurt zusammenliefen und über die nicht in Wien, sondern in Regensburg auf dem Reichstag entschieden wurde. Auf der anderen Seite ist der Gang der osmanischen Geschichte von Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Russischen Reich bestimmt. Im Russischen Reich wächst in diesem Zeitraum zunehmend das Selbstverständnis als Nachfolger des Byzantinischen Reiches. Anders als Deutsche und Österreicher, die Territorialgewinne oder sichere Grenzen suchen, haben die Russen ein großes Interesse, im Inneren des Osmanischen Reiches Einfluss auf die Führung der Orthodoxen Kirche zu nehmen. Auf der anderen Seite stellt Frankreich einen fast konstanten Bündnispartner in der großen Politik, in der Militärentwicklung, in allen technischen und kulturellen Bereichen, das aber seine angestrebte Vormacht im Außenhandel des Osmanischen Reiches mit England, den Niederlanden und der Republik Venedig zu teilen hat. Die Zeit um das 18. Jahrhundert ist oft als Periode des staatlichen Niedergangs und der Auflösung beschrieben worden. Darin spiegeln sich grundlegende Vorstellungen des simplen Modells von Aufstieg, Blüte, Stagnation und Fall von Dynastien, die unter Orientalisten mit Bezug auf die theoretischen Ausführungen eines Ibn Khaldun weit verbreitet waren, andererseits aber auch die Propaganda der europäischen Kriegsgegner des 18. Jahrhunderts. Gerne wird dabei auf den Einfluss des Harîm auf den Sultan, das hohe Ausmaß der Korruption und Vetternwirtschaft in osmanischen Verwaltungen wie auch auf die Inflation der osmanischen Währung verwiesen. Vergleicht man aber das Osmanische Reich mit Frankreich im 18. Jahrhundert, so finden wir auch dort Maitressenwesen, massive Klagen über Korruption und einen gleich zweifachen Zusammenbruch der Währung. Auch Deutschland konnte zwischen dem Ende des 30jährigen Krieges und der Durchsetzung der Aufklärung mit dem internationalen Korruptionsniveau und in anderen Hinsichten mithalten. Die Gesamtentwertung der osmanischen Währung von 1687 bis 1800 lag bei zwei Dritteln, was auf die Dauer der Zeit bezogen nicht dramatisch ist. Unter heutigen Osmanisten ist daher weitgehend anerkannt, dass das Osmanische Reich in der fraglichen Zeit als durchaus vitaler Staat gelten darf, der seine größeren Krisen in der Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts meistern und sein Territorium im Großen und Ganzen halten konnte. Politiker, Militärs und Rechtsgelehrsamkeit verschlossen ihre Augen nicht vor den sich stellenden Problemen. In Kunst, Architektur und traditionellen Wissenschaften wurden immer wieder neue Leistungen erbracht, welche heute hochgeschätzt sind. Lediglich die Frage, ob man so weit gehen kann, von einer osmanischen Aufklärung zu sprechen, ist kontrovers. Die vielfältigen Formen der Modernisierung können wir auch im osmanischen Münzwesen verfolgen. Sie betreffen keineswegs nur die rein technischen Aspekte der Münzprägung, welche von der reinen Handprägung, zur Benutzung von Spindelpressen, vom Ausschneiden oder Ausschmieden der Schrötlinge über Ausstanzen zur Rändelung zeitgemäß vorangetrieben wurde. Auch die Entwicklung eines differenzierten Nominalsystems zählt zu den grundlegenden Neuerungen 15

VORWORT im Osmanischen Reich. Die Einführung von Jahresdatierungen und von Münzzeichen, welche die Verantwortlichkeit für angehaltene schlechte Münzen nachvollziehen lassen, stellen systematische Verbesserungen dar. Der Vergleich mit dem Münzwesen des zeitgenössischen Iran oder dem indischen Moghulreich in diesen Hinsichten zeigt schnell, dass die Münzprägung des Osmanischen Reichs sich an gesamteuropäischen Normen orientiert, während der Iran ganz andere eigene Traditionen verfolgt, in der es das differenzierte Nominalsystem und Jahresdatierungen seit der Mongolenzeit schon gibt, während die Tradition der Münzzeichen offenbar aufgegeben wird und eine technische Entwicklung nicht stattfindet. Es ist eine der besonderen Meriten der hier vorliegenden Sammlung, dass die Verschiedenheit der Münzzeichen des 18. Jahrhunderts im Aufbau der Sammlung gleichrangig berücksichtigt worden ist mit der Verschiedenheit der Regierungsjahre auf den späteren Münzen. Über Kurz oder Lang wird der Code entschlüsselt sein und es steht zu hoffen, dass dieser Katalog, wie schon der der Jem-Sultan-Sammlung, seinen Beitrag dazu leisten kann. Noch eine abschließende Bemerkung zu den Eigenheiten des osmanischen Münzwesens im 18. Jahrhundert, nämlich zur Frage der Entwicklung von Zentralität und Dezentralität. Hier geht die am Anfang unserer Periode stehende Münzreform unter Sulaymân II. einher mit verstärkter Zentralisierung. Für Rumelien , Anatolien, Nordmesopotamien und Syrien bleibt Konstantinopel die einzige zentrale Münzstätte. Zeitweilige Zusatzmünzstätten sind pragmatisch mit der Ausmünzung von Bergbauausbeute und Residenzverlagerung des Sultans begründet. Nur die weit entfernten Provinzen, die auch zumeist ein abweichendes Nominalsystem fortsetzen, verfügen über eigene Münzstätten. Vergleichbare zentrale Strukturen der Münzprägung sind in Europa nur im zeitgenössischen Russland, Skandinavien, England und Spanien zu finden, nicht aber in den wirtschaftlich benachbarten Regionen, wie Frankreich, die Niederlande, Italien oder dem Deutschen Reich. Auch die zeitgenössischen islamischen Großreiche in Iran und Indien kennen keine solche Zentralität. Bevor man sich hier für Beziehungen zwischen nordeuropäischen und osmanischen Modellen entscheidet, fällt innerhalb der historischen Dimension jedoch die große Ähnlichkeit der Münzstätten und der Währungsstruktur des 18. Jahrhunderts mit den Gegebenheiten des Byzantinischen Reiches im 6. und 7. Jahrhundert auf. Da hier absolut keine Kontinuität besteht und die theoretische Möglichkeit wiederbelebbarer Verwaltungstraditionen aus Handbüchern ebenso unwahrscheinlich ist, mag eher eine innerhalb der naturräumlichen und logistischen Bedingungen zu findende Idealstruktur mehrfach realisiert worden sein. Auch diese Interpretation spricht für einen vitalen osmanischen Staat.

General Introduction to the Collection The collection of Ottoman coins coming here to be auctioned can, without exaggeration, be called the most comprehensive of its type currently in existence. It is the product of thirty years of devoted, discriminating collecting, a deep understanding of the subject matter, as well as a network of associated dealers and collectors who supported the building of this unique collection with advice, discussion and invaluable assistance. Especially noteworthy among them is the late “Nestor” of Ottoman numismatics, Kenneth MacKenzie, who died in 2004. Mr. MacKenzie published a number of articles on important, and previously unknown, older coins from the present collection in Turkish, American and British journals. The origin of the collection is to be found with a group of - if not particularly attractive - still treasured Ottoman coins of the 19th century, which had become heirlooms in the collector’s family. When the auction house Sotheby’s began in the late 1970s to hold regular auctions of Islamic coins, the collector’s interest was aroused, and from then on he began to acquire Ottoman gold pieces regularly through the firm Spinck’s. This growing interest received a powerful boost when, in early 1990, he saw and seized the opportunity to buy parts of an important older collection, with largely complete year- and mint mark series of small coins in unusually good states of preservation. By the late 1990s, with over 3000 pieces, the portfolio could be counted among the largest collections of Ottoman coins. But even that growth was just an incentive leading to a further doubling of the number, with an exponential increase in quality and value, over the next decade. Having reached a level of satisfying wholeness at which further additions become rarities, the collector has decided to make this treasure, documented in a detailed catalogue, available once again to other collectors. In doing so he follows the example of many great collectors of the 19th century who built more than a single collection. The second part of the present collection represents a clearly defined period of Ottoman coin history from the beginning of major silver embossing, and concurrent technical innovations reaching the contemporary European standard, up to the end of the rule of Mahmûd II who engineered the fundamental modernization of the Ottoman machinery of state, which then pursued a policy of affiliation with the leading European monetary systems following his death: with the British pound sterling in the alloy of gold and with the Konventionstaler in that of silver. In political retrospect this period is characterized by the empire’s defensive struggle with its aggressive Christian European neighboring states. In particular the German Empire must be cited, which institutionalized the wars with the Turks as imperial war. Ottoman historians refer often with an unfortunate inexactitude to Austria or the House of Habsburg as the enemy in war; the Austrians are referred to less often as an Ottoman ally. That is understandable when one considers the extent to which our knowledge of Ottoman history is based upon Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall’s ten-volume history of the Ottoman empire (Pest, 1827-1833), the work of an orient-educated Austrian diplomat who sought to justify both the new autonomy of his country and the historic legitimacy of the Habsburg Donau monarchy - which had established itself largely outside the German Empire. 16

VORWORT In point of fact the Turkish wars were fought well into the 18th century as imperial wars with military and financial resources from the entire empire, resources which were amassed in Frankfurt based on decisions made not in Vienna but in the Reichstag in Regensburg.

On another frontier, Ottoman history is defined by conflict with the Russian empire, an empire motivated in this period by a growing perception of itself as the successor to the Byzantine empire. Unlike the Germans and Austrians who seek territorial gains or secure borders, the Russians have a strong interest in exerting influence on the leadership of the Orthodox Church within the boundaries of the Ottoman sphere. France on the other hand plays the role of an almost constant ally on the world stage, in military matters and in all technical and cultural areas, but must compete, for its sought-after leadership in foreign trade with the Ottoman empire, among the likes of England, the Netherlands and the Republic of Venice. The larger epoch of which the 18th century is the center has often been described as a period of national deterioration and dissolution. This reflects fundamental ideas of a simple model of the rise, flowering, stagnation and decline of dynasties: ideas which enjoyed wide acceptance under the orientalists in connection with the theoretical deliberations of the Ibn Khaldun school, but ironically also in the propaganda of the 18th-century European wartime enemies. The influence of the harem on the Sultan, the high level of corruption and nepotism in the Ottoman bureaucracy, and the inflation of the Ottoman currency are repeatedly cited. However when one draws the comparison with France in the 18th century we find there as well an establishment of mistresses, widespread complaints regarding corruption and a currency collapse of nearly twice the magnitude. Germany was also well in the running as regards the level of corruption, and in other respects, between the end of the Thirty Years’ War and the onset of the Enlightenment. The total devaluation of the Ottoman currency from 1687 to 1800 amounted to two-thirds, not a dramatic fall in the context of the time-frame involved. It is widely accepted among contemporary scholars that during the period in question the Ottoman Empire can be considered a quite valid and vital state, which succeeded in mastering its major crises around the middle of the 17th century and was able, on the whole, to preserve its territorial integrity. Politicians, the military and the judiciary did not avert their eyes from the approaching problems. In the arts, architecture and the traditional sciences new achievements were produced regularly that are accorded great respect today. Controversy is limited to the question of whether it is going too far to speak of an Ottoman “enlightenment”. These diverse forms of modernization can be traced in Ottoman coinage. This is by no means limited to the purely technical aspects of coin embossing, which progressed over time from hand embossing, to the use of screw presses, from cutting out or forging the blanks, to punching them out, to knurling. The development of a differentiated nominal system too can be counted among the fundamental innovations in the Ottoman empire. The introduction of annual dating and of mint marks, which point to responsibility assumed for discontinued bad coins, represent systematic improvements. A comparison with the coinage of contemporary Iran or the Indian Moghul empire in this area quickly shows that coin embossing in the Ottoman Empire is oriented to Europe-wide norms, while Iran follows quite a different tradition of its own in which a differentiated nominal system and annual dating have existed since the time of the Mongols—whereby the mint mark tradition has apparently been abandoned and no technical development takes place. It is one of the hallmarks of the present collection that the diversity of mint marks in the 18th century has been given careful attention, equal to the attention shown to diversity in the range of regnal years on the later coins, as considerations in the building of the collection. Sooner or later the code will be deciphered and it is to be hoped that this catalogue, like that of the Jem-Sultan Collection before it, can make an important contribution toward that end. Some final remarks on the idiosyncrasies of Ottoman coinage in the 18th century, in particular the development of centralization and decentralization. In this connection the coinage reform already in place under Sulâyman II at the beginning of the period progresses in tandem with growing centralization. For Rumelia, Anatolia, northern Mesopotamia and Syria, Constantinople remains the lone and central mint. Temporary auxiliary mints are justified in practical terms with the coining of mined wealth and with residential migration by the sultan. Only the most distant provinces, which also generally continue a divergent nominal system, have their own mints. Comparable centrally structured minting in this period can only be found in Russia, Scandinavia, England and Spain: not in economically neighboring regions, such as France, the Netherlands, Italy or the German Empire. Nor do the contemporary great Islamic powers in Iran and India know any such centrality. Before one opts too decisively for a correspondence between northern European and Ottoman models, it is worth taking note of the great similarity between mints and currency structures in the 18th century, and the related circumstances in 6th- and 7th-century Byzantium. Since there is an absence of historical continuity, and hypotheses regarding revivable administrative traditions from manuals have an equally improbable ring, it may be that an ideal structure dictated by logic and natural factors was simply arrived at repeatedly. This interpretation too supports the notion of a vital Ottoman state.

VORWORT

Koleksiyon ile ilgili Önsöz Müzayedede yer alacak Osmanlı sikkeleri koleksiyonu türünün günümüzdeki en kapsamlı koleksiyonlarındandır. 30 yılı aşkın bir sürede büyük bir gayretle bir araya getirilen bu koleksiyon, gerçek bir uzmanlık çalışmasının ve samimi dostluk ilişkileri içinde bulunan tüccarların ve koleksiyonerlerin desteği, yorumları, öneri ve yardımları sonucunda tamamlanabilmiştir. Bu vesileyle de, özellikle Osmanlı Nümismatiğinin rahmetli duayeni Sayın Kenneth MacKenzie’yi anmak gerekir. MacKenzie bu koleksiyona ait ve camiada daha önce bilinmeyen parçalar ile ilgili Türk, Amerikan ve İngiliz dergilerinde çok sayıda makale yayınlamıştır. Koleksiyonerin ailesinden kalan ve nesilden nesile geçen, çok dikkat çekici olmasalar da her zaman büyük bir özenle saklanan 19. Yüzyıl Osmanlı sikkeleri bu nadide koleksiyonun ilk parçaları olmuştur. 70li yılların sonunda, Sotheby’s Müzayede Evi’nde İslam Dünyası Sikkeleri müzayedeleri yapılmaya başlamasından sonra koleksiyonerin de ilgisi bu konuya karşı artmıştır ve Spinck’s şirketi aracılığıyla Osmanlı dönemi altın paralar satın almaya başlamıştır. 1990 senesinin ilk aylarında çok daha eski ve neredeyse eksiksiz yıllık sikkeler ve sikke serilerini satınalma fırsatı bulduğunda ilgisi ve merakı daha da artmıştır. 90lı yılların sonunda ise koleksiyondaki parça sayısı 3000i aşmıştı ve artık camiadaki büyük Osmanlı Sikkeleri koleksiyonlarından sayılıyordu. Ancak, bu sadece bir başlangıçtı. Daha sonraki yıllar boyunca çok daha kıymetli parçaların da dahil edilmesiyle bu sayı ikiyi katlamıştır. Artık neredeyse eksiği kalmayan bu koleksiyona yeni parçalar katmak pek mümkün olmadığından, koleksiyoner bu hazineyi detaylı bir katalog ile belgeleyerek diğer koleksiyonlara dahil etmeye karar vermiştir. Bu kararıyla birden fazla koleksiyon oluşturan 19. Yüzyılın büyük koleksiyonerlerinin izinden gitmiştir. Kolleksiyonun burada gördüğümüz ikinci yarısı ise Osmanlı Sikkecilik tarihinin büyük gümüş sikke basımı ve dolayısıyla yeni teknolojilerin ve Avrupa standartlarında çalışmaların başladığı zamandan II. Mahmud döneminin sonuna kadar uzanan bir dönemi yansıtmaktadır. II. Mahmud Osmanlı Devlet yönetim şeklini temelden modernize etmeye çalışmıştır ve ölümünden sonra Osmanlı’nın birim ölçüleri Avrupa birimlerine, altın saflık dereceleri İngiliz Pound Sterling’e ve gümüş standart Taler’e adapte edilmiştir. Siyasi açıdan bu yıllara sert tutumlu hıristiyan komşu ülkelerinin savunmacı mesafeli tutumu damgasını vurmuştur. Diğer taraftan ise Türk-Savaşları’nı bir devlet meselesi haline getiren Alman İmparatorluğu’nu unutmamak gerekir. Osmanlı tarih literatüründe yer yer Avusturya ve Habsburg Hanedanı ayırdedilmeksizin müttefik değil de düşman olarak gösterilmektedir. Osmanlı tarihi bilgisinin büyük ölçüde Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall’in 10 ciltlik Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Tarihi isimli eserine (Peşte 1827-183) dayandığı düşünülürse bu bakış açısı daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Oriyentalizm eğitimi alan Avusturya’lı bir diplomat olan bu yazar bir yandan kendi ülkesinin yeni bağımsızlığını savunması gerekirken Alman İmparatorluğu’nun dışında gelişen Habsburg Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu’nun tarih içindeki haklılığını da göstermesi gerekmekteydi. Gerçekten de Türk Savaşları, 18. yüzyıla kadar İmparatorluk savaşları olarak sürdürülmekteydi ve tüm İmparatorlukta toplanıp Frankfurt’ta biriken paralar ile finanse edilmekteydi, savaş kararları da Viyana’da değil, Regensburg’da İmparatorluk Meclisinde alınırdı. Diğer yandan Osmanlı tarihi, Rus İmparatorluğu ile olan çekişmelerden de çok etkilenmiştir. Rus İmparatorluğu’nda o dönemlerde Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun bir çeşit devamı oldukları algısı yaygındı. Topraklarını genişletme veya kesin devlet sınırları çizme derdinde olan Alman ve Avusturyalılardan farklı olarak Ruslar Osmanlı İmparatorluğu bünyesindeki Ortodoks Kilisesi Yönetimi’nde söz sahibi olmaya çalışıyorlardı. Bir diğer yandan ise Fransa, büyük politika, askeri, teknik ve kültürel konularda sabit bir müttefik haline gelmişti. Dış ticaret konusunda ise önderliğini İngiltere, Hollanda ve Venedig Cumhuriyeti ile paylaşmaktaydı. 18. yüzyıl çoğu zaman Imparatorluğun gerileme ve dağılma dönemi olarak tanımlanırdı. O yıllarda İmparatorlukların kuruluş, yükselme, duraklama, gerileme, dağılma dönemlerinden oluşan basit bir modele göre geliştikleri düşüncesi Ibn Khaldun’un teorik çalışmalarından da etkilenen oriyentalistler arasında çok yaygındı. Öte taraftan da 18. yüzyıldaki düşmanların yürüttükleri karşıt propaganda da etkilerini gösteriyordu. Çalışmalarda özellikle de Sultan’ın dış etkilerden etkilendiği, devlet yönetimindeki rüşvetçilik ve akraba kayırıcılığı ve Osmanlı parasının enflasyon nedeniyle erimesine değinilmiştir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu 18. yüzyılın Fransası ile kıyaslandığında her iki devlette metres alışkanlığı, rüşvetçilik nedeniyle yoğun şikayetler ve paranın değer kaybetmesi izlenmekte. Aynı şekilde Almanya’da da 30-yıl-savaşları ve Aydınlanma dönemi arasındaki yıllarda diğer ülkeler gibi rüşvetçilik çok yaygın olduğu görülmektedir. 1687 ve 1800 yılları arasında Osmanlı parasının toplam değer kaybı üçte iki oranındaydı. Değer kaybının yüz yılı aşkın bir dönemde oluştuğu düşünülürse değer kaybının çok da fazla olmadığı denilebilir. Günümüz Osmanizmciler arasında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun o dönemde çok sağlıklı ve güçlü bir Devlet olduğu ve 17. yüzyıl ortasında yaşanan büyük krizleri atlattıkları ve topraklarını büyük ölçüde korumayı başardıkları şeklinde yorumlanmaktadır. Devlet adamları, askerler ve hukukçular gözlerini oluşan sorunlar karşısında kapatmamıştır. Sanat, mimarlık ve geleneksel bilim konularında yenilikler devam etmekteydi. Ancak bir Osmanlı Aydınlanma Dönemi’nden bahsetmek tartışılabilir bir konudur. Çok çeşitli modernizasyon şekillerini Osmanlı sikkeciliğinde de gözlemlemek mümkündür. Bu yenilikler sadece sikke basımı, kullanılan aletler, pulların kesimi, kenarlarının işlenmesi gibi işlemleri etkilememiştir. Aynı zamanda detaylı bir nominal sisteme geçilmesini de Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda yaşanan yenilenme hareketleri arasında saymak mümkün. 18

VORWORT Sikkelere yıl yazılması ve sikke işaretlerinin kullanılması yeniliklerin ve iyileştirmelerin belli bir sistematik içinde yapıldığını gösterir. Aynı dönemde İran veya Hint Moğol İmparatorluğu ile kıyaslandığında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun sikke basımında Avrupa normları örnek alındığı görülür. Buna karşılık İran’da Moğol zamanlarından kalma detaylı nominal sisteminin ve yıl tarihlendirmesinin zaten kullanıldığı çok farklı bir gelenek sürdürülmekteydi. Ancak İran’da sikkelerin işaretlenmesinden vazgeçildiği ve teknik bir gelişmenin olmadığı da bilinmektedir. Buradaki koleksiyonun göze çarpan özelliklerinden en önemlisi ise 18. yüzyılda kullanılan sikke işaretlerinin çeşitliliğini yansıtmasıdır ve daha geç tarihli sikkelerde hükümdarlık yıllarının bulunmasıdır. Uzun vadede şiftrenin çözüleceğine inanılıp daha önce Cem-Sultan-Koleksiyonu’nun yaptığı gibi bu koleksiyonun da bu konuya ışık tutacağı umulmaktadır. Son olarak Osmanlı Sikkeciliği özelliklerinin önemli bir konusuna değinmek gerekir; Merkezi yönetim ve merkezi olmayan yönetim şekli. II Süleyman dönemindeki para reformu ve yönetimin daha da merkezileşmesi konusu bu açıdan büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Rumeli, Anadolu, Kuzey Mezopotamya ve Suriye için Konstantinopolis’in tek merkezi darphane olmaya devam etmekteydi. Bunun dışında dönem dönem devreye giren bazı yardımcı darphaneler sultanın farklı şehirlerdeki saraylarda kalması sırasında meydana gelen ihtiyaç ve maden ocaklarından çıkarılan madenlerin işlenmesi için kurulmuştu. Sadece uzak vilayetler kendi darphanelerini işletir ve farklı nominal sistemlerini kullanırlardı. Sikke basımı ve darphanelerde benzer bir merkezi yapıya Avrupa’da sadece Rusya, İskandinav ülkelerinde, İngiltere ve İspanya’da rastlanılmaktaydı. Fransa, Hollanda, İtalya veya Alman İmparatorluğu’nda bu merkezi darphane sistemi görülmemiştir. O dönemlerde İran veya Hindistan İmparatorlukları gibi diğer islam devletler de merkezi bir darphane kullanmamışlardır. Kuzey Avrupa ve Osmanlı modeli arasındaki benzerlikleri incelemeden önce 18. yüzyıldaki sikke basımı, darphane ve para yapısı ile 6. ve 7. yüzyıllarda Bizans İmparatorluğu’ndaki olgular arasındaki yakın benzerlikler dikkati çekmektedir. Herhangi bir devamlılık söz konusu olmadığı için ve eski el kitaplarındaki yönetim geleneklerini tekrar canlandırma imkanı da bulunmadığına göre yöresel ve lojistik imkanlar çerçevesinde ideal bir yapı oluştuğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu yorum da Osmanlı Devleti’nin ne kadar canlı, güçlü ve yapıcı olduğunun bir işareti olarak kabul edilmektedir.

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6ÒTMGK 5KNDGTRT·IWPIGP

<QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P KDP CU UWNV³P I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ )WVG INGKEJO·KIG #WURT·IWPI GVYCU HNGEMKI UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

&CU 0QOKPCN FGT GTUVGP QUOCPKUEJGP VCNGTCTVKIGP 2T·IWPI FKG KO ,CJT * #& GKPIGHÒJTV YQTFGP YCT GTUEJGKPV KP FGT ·NVGTGP .KVGTCVWT CNU -WTWUJ 5CJKNNKQINW JCVVG UEJQP IG\GKIV FCUU GU UKEJ WO FGP <QNQVC WPF PKEJV FGP -WTWUJ JCPFGNVG YCU CDGT GTUV KPHQNIG XQP 2COWMU /QPGVCT[ *KUVQT[ %CODTKFIG 5 KP FGT PWOKUOCVKUEJGP .KVGTCVWT \WT -GPPVPKU IGPQOOGP YWTFG 2COWM YKTF CDGT FWTEJ FGP RQNPKUEJGP 0COGP FGU 0QOK PCNU KTTGIGNGKVGV WPF INCWDVG FCUU GU GKPG 'PVURTGEJWPI RQNPKUEJGT /ÒP\GP UGK 4KEJVKI KUV FCUU <QNQVC CNU <NQV[ FKG RQNPKUEJG $G\GKEJPWPI FGU )WNFGPU PKEJV CWH FKG RQNPKUEJGP )WNFGP YGNEJG PWT 6CNGT ICNVGP UQPFGTP CWH FGP FGWVUEJGP )WNFGP \W 6CNGT \W DG\KGJGP KUV &CIGIGP YWTFG FGT $GITKHH -WTWUJ YQJN UEJQP KO ,CJTJWP FGTV XQO )WNFGPITQUEJGP ÒDGTPQOOGP WPF DG\GKEJPGVG FCPP CNNIGOGKP 6CNGT &KG 4KEJVKIMGKV FGT \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP 0QOKPCNDG\GKEJPWPIGP YKTF FWTEJ GKP &QMWOGPV XQO ,CJT * 'PFGT 5 0T MNCTIGUVGNNV KP FGO XQP 5WNC[OCPKUEJGP <QNQVC WPF &TKVVGN -WTWUJ FKG 4GFG KUV +UV FGT <QNQVC -WTWUJ UQ KUV GKP &TKVVGN -WTWUJ GKP JCNDGT <QNQVC

910

<QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P KDP CU UWNV³P I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ ªDNKEJG MN 2T·IGUEJY·EJG WPF MN 5EJTÌVNKPIUTK HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

911

1,5:1

#MEG * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP 5TGEMQXKE 5 -/ 44 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

SULAYMÂN II. IBN IBRÂHÎM

ex 914

913

ex 912

ex 915

6ÒTMGK WPF $QUPKGP -WRHGTOÒP\GP

-WRHGT 0QV #MEG * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I WPF I 2GTG -CDCMNCTNK 3QU -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

-WRHGT 0QV #MEG * $ÑUPC $QUPKGP HÒT 5CTCKGXQ 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I 2GTG -CDCMNCTNK $U -/ 5VÒEM 44 5EJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

-WRHGT 0QV #MEG * 5CT³[ 5CTCKGXQ 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT XKGT 8CTKCPVGP I WPF I 2GTG -CDCMNCTNK 3QU5T[ -/ 5VÒEM 4 #NNG UGJT UEJÌP WPF ÒDGTFWTEJUEJPKVVNKEJ GTJCNVGP

-WRHGT 0QV #MEG * 9³P 8CP 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I 2GTG -CDCMNCTNK 9P -/ 44 5EJÌP UGJT UEJÌP

916

917

I[RVGP )QNFRT·IWPIGP

5WNVCPK #NVKP * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP KP FGT #X <GKNG 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPU YWPUEJ WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P KDP CU UWNV³P I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ¤N¼GT #XTWRC /Ò\GNGTK 2 )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

918

1,5:1

.KD[GP )QNFRT·IWPI

5WNVCPK #NVKP * 6CTCDNÑU )JCTD 6TKRQNKU /\\ FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP KP FGT /KVVG FGU #XGTUHGNFGU 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT U³JKD CN K\\ YC P PCUT HÄ N DCTT YC N DCJT I #TVWM 2GTG )1.& 5GNVGP DGUQPFGTU KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI )NGKEJO·KIG #WURT·IWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ + #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP 0T

SULAYMÂN II. IBN IBRÂHÎM 1UOCPKUEJG )GIGPUVGORGN CWH XGPG\KCPKUEJGP <GEEJKPK WPF FGTGP +OKVCVKQPGP

Typ 1

Typ 3

Typ 2

+P FGT QUOCPKUEJGP %JTQPKM FGU 5KNCJFCT (KPFKMNK /GJOGFCIC HKPFGV UKEJ FGT *KPYGKU FCUU KO ,CJT * FGT $GHGJN GTIKPI FKG XGPG\KCPKUEJGP )QNFOÒP\GP [CNFK\ #NVKP \W RTÒHGP WO FKG )QNFOÒP\GP FGU +DTCJKO %GNGDK 5VCPFCTFU WPF FGU 3GTKHK 5VCPFCTFU \W FKHHGTGP\KGTGP 'TUVGTG UQNNVGP OKV GKPGO GKPHCEJGP )GIGPUVGORGN UCJJ OCTMKGTV YGTFGP YQHÒT CNU )GDÒJT LGYGKNU GKP #MEG \W GPVTKEJVGP YCT &KG 2T·IWPIGP XQO QHHGPDCT IGTKPIGTGP 3GTKHK 5VCPFCTF YCTGP FCIGIGP OKV \YGKHCEJGO 5VGORGN UCJJ \W MGPP\GKEJPGP YQHÒT \YGK #MEG H·NNKI YCTGP #D ,WO³F³ ++ * /·T\ UQNNVGP PWT PQEJ IGUVGORGNVG )QNFUVÒEMG MWTUH·JKI UGKP &C GPVURTGEJGPFG )GIGPUVGORGN PWT CWH XGPG\K CPKUEJGP <GEJKPGP WPF FGTGP +OKVCVKQPGP CPIGVTQHHGP YQTFGP UKPF OWUU GU FCTWO IGICPIGP UGKP NGKEJV IGTKPIYGTVKIG +OKVCVKQPGP XQP FGP 1TKIKPCNGP QFGT FGTGP (GKPIGJCNV GPVURTGEJGPFGP +OKVCVKQPGP WPVGT UEJGKFDCT \W OCEJGP +P FGT 6CV KUV GKPG FGT JGWVG UGNVGPGP FQRRGNVGP )GIGPUVGORGNWPIGP KP FGT 6ÒDKP IGT 7PKXGTUKV·VUUCOONWPI CWH GKPG MCWO WPVGTUEJGKFDCTG +OKVCVKQP GKPGU &WMCVGP FGU &QOGPKEQ %QPVC TKPK IGUEJNCIGP *CPU 9KNUMK JCV UKEJ KP GKPGO URG\KGNNGP #WHUCV\ )GNFIGUEJKEJVNKEJG 0CEJTKEJVGP 5 CWUHÒJTNKEJ OKV FKGUGO 2J·PQOGP DGHCUUV UKEJ FCDGK LGFQEJ PKEJV GPVUEJNKGGP MÌPPGP FKG 6GZVSWGNNG CWH FKG &WMCVGPUVGORGNWPI \W DG\KGJGP WPF CWEJ KP UGKPGT WOHCUUGPFGP &CTUVGNNWPI FGT QUOCPKUEJGP )GIGPUVGORGN XQP GTMN·TV GT CWH 5 FKG %JTQPKM FGU 5KNCJFCT \WT 3WGNNG XQP \YGKHGNJCHVGT <WXGTN·UUKIMGKV &CIGIGP JCVVG 5COWGN .CEJOCP DGTGKVU KP UGKPGO #WHUCV\ 6JG +DTC JKOK 0WOKUOCVKE %KTEWNCT ,WN[ 5 IGMN·TV FCUU FGT +DTCJKOK KO ,CJTJWPFGTV GKP 6ÒTMK UEJGT 0COG FGU XGPG\KCPKUEJGP &WMCVGP YCT YQDGK GT CNNGTFKPIU PKEJV CWH FKG )GIGPUVGORGNWPI GKPIG ICPIGP YCT &GT )GIGPUVGORGN MQOOV KP FTGK XQP 9KNUMK PKEJV FKHHGTGP\KGTVGP 8CTKCPVGP XQT FKG OÌINKEJGTYGKUG CWH XGTUEJKGFGPG )GIGPUVGORGNWPIUQTVG \W DG\KGJGP UKPF WPF \YCT QJPG (ÒNNWPI FGU $WEJUVCDGP J³ 6[R OKV GKPGO 2WPMV FCTKP 6[R WPF OKV GKPGT RHGKNCTVKIGP 8GT\KGTWPI 6[R

919

4GRWDNKM 8GPGFKI (TCPEGUEQ 'TK\\Q <GEEJKPQ Q , OKV )GIGPUVGORGN UCJJ TKEJVKI 6[R PGDGP FGO -QRH FGU &QIGP I (D 9KNUMK 6CHGN QJPG 0CEJYGKU XQP <GEEJKPGP FKGUGU &QIGP )1.& /ÒP\G WPF )GIGPUVGORGN 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 4CWEJ 9KGP 0T

920

921

922

923

4GRWDNKM 8GPGFKI (TCPEGUEQ /QNKP <GEEJKPQ Q , OKV )GIGPUVGORGN UCJJ TKEJVKI 6[R PGDGP FGO -QRH FGU &QIGP I (D 9KNUMK 6CHGN )1.& -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUTK /ÒP\G WPF )GIGPUVGORGN 8QT\ÒINKEJ

4GRWDNKM 8GPGFKI %CTNQ %QPVCTKPK <GEEJKPQ Q , OKV )GIGPUVGORGN UCJJ TKEJVKI 6[R PGDGP FGO -QRH FGU &QIGP I (D 9KNUMK 6CHGN )1.& 4 /ÒP\G WPF )GIGPUVGORGN 5GJT UEJÌP

4GRWDNKM 8GPGFKI $GTVWEEK 8CNKGT <GEEJKPQ Q , OKV )GIGPUVGORGN UCJJ TKEJVKI 6[R PGDGP FGO -QRH FGU &QIGP I (D 9KNUMK 6CHGN )1.& /ÒP\G WPF )GIGPUVGORGN XQT\ÒINKEJ

4GRWDNKM 8GPGFKI &QOGPKEQ %QPVCTKPK <GEEJKPQ Q , OKV )GIGPUVGORGN UCJJ TKEJVKI 6[R PGDGP FGO -QRH FGU &QIGP I (D 9KNUMK 6CHGN )1.& 5GNVGPG 8CTKCPVG FGU )GIGPUVGORGNU )GNQEJV NGKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP )GIGPUVGORGN 8QT\ÒINKEJ

AHMAD II. IBN IBRÂHÎM

924

925

926

4GRWDNKM 8GPGFKI #NXKUG %QPVCTKPK <GEEJKPQ Q , OKV )GIGPUVGORGN UCJJ TKEJVKI 6[R PGDGP FGO -QRH FGU &QIGP I (D 9KNUMK 6CHGN )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP )GIGPUVGORGN 8QT\ÒINKEJ

4GRWDNKM 8GPGFKI /CTECPVQPKQ )KWUVKPKCPK <GEEJKPQ Q , OKV )GIGPUVGORGN UCJJ

TKEJVKI 6[R PGDGP FGO -QRH FGU &QIGP I (D 9KNUMK 6CHGN )1.& /ÒP\G 5GJT UEJÌP )GIGPUVGORGN 8QT\ÒINKEJ

4GRWDNKM 8GPGFKI +OKVCVKQP GKPGU <GEEJKPQ Q , FGU $GTVWEEK 8CNKGT OKV )GIGPUVGORGN UCJJ

TKEJVKI 6[R PGDGP FGO -QRH FGU &QIGP I \W (D 9KNUMK 6CHGN QJPG 0CEJYGKU CWH KOKVCVKXGP <GEEJKPK )1.& 44 )GNQEJV /ÒP\G 5GJT UEJÌP )GIGPUVGORGN 8QT\ÒINKEJ

#JOCF ++ KDP +DT³JÄO * #&

5WNC[O³PU $TWFGT #JOCF YCT FGT IGDQTGPG FTKVVG 5QJP +DT³JÄOU WPF PQEJ YGPKIGT CNU 5WNC[O³P CWH GKP 4GIKGTWPIUCOV XQTDGTGKVGV +OOGTJKP UVCPF KJO CNU )TQYGUKT CPHCPIU (³FKN /WUVCH³ \WT 8GTHÒ IWPI FGT LGFQEJ DGKO 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV IGTCFG \W GKPGO \YGKVGP (GNF\WI IGIGP FKG -CKUGTNKEJGP CWH DTCEJ $GKO 8GTUWEJ XQP $GNITCF CWU FCU MCKUGTNKEJG *GGT PQEJ XQT FGT GTYCTVGVGP #PMWPHV MTKOVCVCTK UEJGT 6TWRRGP \W ÒDGTTCUEJGP IGTKGV GT UGNDUV OKV UGKPGO *GGT DGK 5NCPMCOGP KP GKPG (CNNG FGU CNU ō6ÒTMGPNQWKUŋ DGMCPPVGP /CTMITCH .WFYKI XQP $CFGP WPF FGT GTHQNITGKEJG +PPGPRQNKVKMGT XGTNQT FWTEJ GKPGP 5EJWUU KP FKG 5VKTP IGVTQHHGP UGKP .GDGP KO (GNFG &GT (GNF\WI YCT IGUEJGKVGTV QJPG FCUU FGT 6ÒTMGPNQWKU FGT IGUEJNCIGPGP 1UOCPGPCTOGG J·VVG PCEJUGV\GP MÌPPGP &KG &QPCW DNKGD GKPG XQP FCWGTPFGP 5EJCTOÒV\GNP XQP DGKFGP 5GKVGP DGFTQJVG )TGP\G +O +PPGTP FGU 4GKEJGU HGJNVG FGT FWTEJITGKHGPFG )TQYGUKT WPF #JOCF YCT CPFGTU CNU UGKP $TWFGT 5WNC[OCP MGKP 5WNVCP FGT CP UGKPGP #WHICDGP YWEJU &KG \GPVTCNGP .GKVWPIUHWPMVKQPGP \GTHKGNGP \WUG JGPFU CP CWVQPQO CIKGTGPFG TGIKQPCNG (ÒTUVGP KPUDGUQPFGTG KO CTCDKUEJGP 4CWO +P FGT #WGPRQNKVKM JCVVG #JOCF DGUVGPHCNNU )NÒEM 5Q MQPPVGP FKG 8GPG\KCPGT FGP 1UOCPGP YQJN %JKQU CDPGJOGP FQEJ UEJGKVGTVGP FKG 'TQDGTGT CP FGT +PUGNDGXÌNMGTWPI YGNEJG FKG 8GPG\KCPGT YKGFGT XGTVTKGDGP WO \WT CNVGP *GTTUEJCHV \WTÒEM\WMGJTGP #WH FKRNQOCVKUEJGO )GDKGV IGNCPI MGKPG #PP·JGTWPI CP FGT &QPCW FC FGT 5WNVCP PKEJV DGTGKV YCT CWH 7PICTP \W XGT\KEJVGP &GT CNU FGRTGUUKX WPF EJQNGTKUEJ DGUEJTKGDGPG 5WNVCP UVCTD PCEJ MWT\GT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV CO (GDTWCT 24

AHMAD II. IBN IBRÂHÎM

929

928

927

6ÒTMGK 5KNDGTRT·IWPIGP

<QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5G IGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P KDP CU UWNV³P OKV FGO /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5RKPM <ÒTKEJ 0T

<QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5G IGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P KDP CU UWNV³P OKV FGO /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP 5VGORGNXCTKCPVG \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM OKV GVYCU ITÌGTGO /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOGP I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

<QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPU YWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P KDP CU UWNV³P OKV FGO /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP 'KPG YGKVGTG 5VGORGNXCTKCPVG \W FGP DGKFGP XQTKIGP 5VÒEMGP OKV YKGFGTWO MNGKPGTGO /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOGP I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG

930

*CNDGT <QNQVC QFGT &TKVVGNMWTWUJ * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCT TC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P KDP CU UWNV³P OKV FGO /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJ UVCDGP I 2GTG 5WNVCP XCT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

ex 931

1,5:1

#MEG * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG 5WNVCP 5TGEMQXKE ::: -/ &TGK UKEJ GTI·P\GPFG 5VÒEMG 44 &CU GTUVG UVCTM FG\GPVTKGTV OKV UKEJVDCTGO ,CJT FCU \YGKVG WPF FTKVVG QJPG UKEJVDCTGU ,CJT UGJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ II. IBN MUHAMMAD

ex 932

933

6ÒTMGK -WRHGTOÒP\GP

-WRHGT 0QV #MEG * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU \YGK 8CTKCPVGP WPF I 2GTG -CDCMNCTNK 3QU -/ 5VÒEM 44 <CKPGPFG WPF \YGK -QTTQUKQPUXGTNGV\WPIGP KO #XGTUHGNF UGJT UEJÌP FCU \YGKVG 5VÒEM KPHQNIG UEJYCEJGT #WURT·IWPI UEJÌP

-WRHGT 0QV #MEG * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 2GTG -CDCMNCTNK 3QU -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

935 934

934

I[RVGP )QNFOÒP\G

I[RVGP 5KNDGTOÒP\G

#MEG * /KUT -CKTQ (GJNRT·IWPI 4GXGTUKPEWUWO /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPVTKVVU I -/ 44 5EJÌP UGJT UEJÌP

/WUVCH³ ++ KDP /WJCOOCF * #&

&GT IGDQTGPG /WUVCH³ YCT CNU 5QJP GKPGU 1PMGNU UGKPGT WPOKVVGNDCTGP 8QTI·PIGT HTGKGT CWHIG YCEJUGP CNU FKGUG 5GKP .GJTGT WPF YKEJVKIUVGT $GTCVGT YCT FGT 5C[[KF (C[F CNN³J GKP #PIGJÌTKIGT FGT 2TQRJGVGPHCOKNKG WPF QTVJQFQZGT /WUNKO FGP GT \WO 5JC[MJ CN +UN³O OCEJVG WPF FGT UGKPGTUGKVU CNNG 5EJNÒUUGNRQUKVKQPGP OKV UGKPGP (COKNKGPCPIGJÌTKIGP DGUGV\VG /WUVCH³ NKGDVG 4GKVGTURKGNG WPF FKG ,CIF WPF YCT FCJGT NGKEJV HÒT FCU /KNKV·T \W DGIGKUVGTP 6CVU·EJNKEJ NGKVGVG GT RGTUÌPNKEJ OKV ITQGO 'KPUCV\ KP UGKPGP GTUVGP FTGK 4GIKGTWPIULCJTGP FTGK (GNF\ÒIG IGIGP FKG 6TWRRGP FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJU IGTKGV JKGTDGK CDGT UEJNKGNKEJ CP FGP 2TKP\GP 'WIGP XQP 5CXQ[GP WPVGT FGUUGP $GHGJN /WUVCHCU 6TWRRGP CO 5GRVGODGT DGK <GPVC GKPG YGKVGTG XGTPKEJVGPFG 0KGFGTNCIG JKPPGJOGP OWUUVGP +P FKGUGT RTGM·TGP 5KVWCVKQP HCPF /WUVCHC YKGFGTWO IWVG *GNHGT P·ONKEJ FGP )TQYGUKT *WUC[P #OEC \³FG *ÒUG[KP CWU FGO *CWUG -ÌRTÒNÒ WPF FGP 4C KU CN MWVV³D 4³OÄ FGT KP 2CFWC UVWFKGTV WPF RTQOQ XKGTV JCVVG &KGUG DGUVKOOVGP PWP FKG #WGPRQNKVKM WPF 8GTYCNVWPI UQYGKV 5C[[KF (C[F CNN³J FKGU \WNKG 26

MUSTAFÂ II. IBN MUHAMMAD 7PCDJ·PIKI XQP 5KGIGP WPF 0KGFGTNCIGP YCTGP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF FCU &GWVUEJG YKG FCU 1UOCPKUEJG 4GKEJ INGKEJGTOCGP OKNKV·TKUEJ XQT CNNGO CDGT YKTVUEJCHVNKEJ GTUEJÌRHV 5Q UEJNWI FKG 5VWPFG FGT &K RNQOCVKG KP 4KLUYKEM GDGPUQ YKG KP -CTNQYKV\ &GT (TKGFG XQP -CTNQYKV\ UCJ FKG 'KPUGV\WPI XQP -QOOKUUKQPGP HÒT FKG )TGP\\KGJWPI IGIGPÒDGT FGP MCKUGTNKEJGP XGPG\KCPKUEJGP WPF RQNPKUEJGP )GDKGVGP \WO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ JKP XQT FKG KP HÒPHL·JTK IGT #TDGKV GKPGP XQTÒDGTIGJGPFGP (TKGFGP UKEJGTVGP 'U HQNIVG KO ,CJT FGT #WUVCWUEJ XQP $QVUEJCHVGTP OKV FGO -CKUGT FGO RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKI WPF FGO 4WUUKUEJGP 4GKEJ #WEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG WPF DTKVKUEJG $QVUEJCHVGT UQYKG UCHCYKFKUEJG WPF L³PKFKUEJG )G UCPFVG UWEJVGP FGP 5WNVCP CWH &GT PCEJ CWGP JKP IGHGUVKIVG (TKGFG YWTFG PWP \WT &WTEJUGV\WPI QUOCPKUEJGT *GTTUEJCHV KO CTCDKUEJGP $GTGKEJ FGU )QNHGU IGPWV\V * #& HÒJTVG FGT 9³NÄ XQP $CIFCF GKPGP CNNG 4GUUQWTEGP FGU 1UVGPU PWV\GPFGP (GNF\WI IGIGP FKG DGFWKPKUEJGP $CPÑ /WPVCHKM WPF FGP UCHCYKFKUEJGP 5VCVVJCNVGT XQP $CUTC &KG $GFWKPGP YWTFGP IGUEJNCIGP WPF $CUTC QJPG YGKVGTG $GNCIGTWPI ÒDGTIGDGP +O +PPGTP FGU 4GKEJGU YWTFGP 5VGWGTTGHQTOGP FWTEJIGHÒJTV KP FGTGP <WUCOOGPJCPI FKG 5KNDGTOKPGP XQP )ÒOÒUJJCPG DGK 'T\WTWO WPF XQP 5KFTG 3CRU³ DGK 5CNQPKMK WPVGT UV·TMGTG UVCCVNKEJG -QPVTQNNG IGTKGVGP &KG #WUDGWVG FGU 5KNDGTU XQP )ÒOÒUJJCPG YWTFG CWUUEJNKGNKEJ HÒT FKG FGUJCND PGW GKPIGTKEJVGVG /ÒP\ UV·VVG 'T\WTWO D\Y FCU -WRHGT HÒT FKG )GUEJÒV\IKGGTGK XGTYGPFGV &CUU FCPGDGP CWEJ 'FKTPG YKGFGT GKPG CMVKXG /ÒP\UV·VVG GTJKGNV NCI CO 9WPUEJ FGU 5WNVCPU JKGT UGKPGP *QH \W JCNVGP *WUC[P -ÌRTÒNÒ IGNCPI GU PQEJ FKG QUOCPKUEJG (NQVVG KO 5EJKHHDCW XQP )CNGGTGP CWH OQFGTPG WPF FGT <GKV IGO·G 5GIGNUEJKHHG WO\WTÒUVGP WPF KJTGP KPPGTGP RGTUQPGNNGP #WHDCW GHHK\KGPV \W UVTWMVWTKGTGP LGFQEJ YWTFGP XKGNG UGKPGT +PKVKCVKXGP XQP FGO 5JC[MJ CN +UN³O VQTRGFKGTV $GXQT * #& *WUC[P -ÌRTÒNÒ UVCTD YWTFG PCEJ GKPGO MWT\GP +PVGTOG\\Q FGU OKNKV·TKUEJ CWUIGYKGUGPGP 9³NÄ XQP $CIFCF PWPOGJT 4³OÄ \W UGKPGO 0CEJHQNIGT DGUVKOOV &GT YCT \YCT GKP IWVGT <KXKNXGTYCNVGT JCVVG CDGT YGPKI 4ÒEMJCNV KP FGT #TOGG 5EJNKGNKEJ MCO GU \W GKPGT /KNKV·TTGDGNNKQP KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN &KG 4GDGNNGP OCTUEJKGTVGP PCEJ 'FKTPG YQ FKG UWNVCPKUEJG #TOGG \W KJPGP ÒDGTNKGH &GT )TQYGUKT GTITKHH FKG (NWEJV WPF FGT 5WNVCP FCPMVG \WIWPUVGP UGKPGU $TWFGTU #JOCF CD /WUVCHC YKTF CNU JQEJIGDKNFGVGT WPF \WINGKEJ IÒVKIGT /CPP DGUEJTKGDGP OKV FGP VTCFKVKQPGNN IGUEJ·V\VGP 3WCNKV·VGP GKPGU KUNCOKUEJGP 5QWXGT·PU CNU 2CVTQP XQP &KEJVGTP WPF )GNGJTVGP IGNQDV &GO GPVURTKEJV FKG #WUYCJN ÒDGTYKGIGPF IWVGT 2QNKVKMGT UGKPGU 5VCCVGU #NNGPVJCNDGP UGKP HÒTUVNKEJGP 'KIGPUEJCHVGP IGO·GT *CPI \WT ,CIF WPF \WO ,CTÄFURKGN HKPFGP -TKVKM 'T UVCTD CO 5JC D³P * &G\GODGT #&

1,5:1

936

1,5:1

6ÒTMGK )QNFOÒP\GP

0GWGT #UJTCHK * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KPKVKCNGU U³F WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KO 4GX 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM 2GTG )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 5EJKOMC #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

938 937

0GWGT #UJTCHK * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KPKVKCNGU U³F ÒDGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KO 4GX 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM 2GTG )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

0GWGT #UJTCHK * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KUQNKGTVGU UÄP WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KO 4GX 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM 2GTG )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

0GWGT #UJTCHK * +\OKT QJPG /\\ 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM XCT <K[PGVRT·IWPI OKV /\\ OKO F³N 2GTG )1.& 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP 0T

939

MUSTAFÂ II. IBN MUHAMMAD

940

0GWGT #UJTCHK * +\OKT <K[PGVRT·IWPI XQP 5VGORGNP HÒT GKPGP FQRRGNVGP #UJTCHK QJPG /\\ 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I +UOCKN )JCNKD XIN ;-$ H WPF #TVWM XCT CNNG OKV /\\ OKO F³N 2GTG -/ XCT )1.& 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KG KOOGT IGNQEJV WPF IGJGPMGNV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

1,5:1

941

1,5:1

0GWGT #UJTCHK * 'FKTPG /\\ D³ J³ ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP 4X <GKNG 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

942

0GWGT #UJTCHK * 'FKTPG QJPG /\\ 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1,5:1

943

1,5:1

0GWGT #UJTCHK * 1TFÑ [K JQO³[ÑP FKG *GGTGUOÒP\UV·VVG /\\ KPKVKCNGU OÄO WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KO 4X 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[BU .QPFQP 0T

ex 944

6ÒTMGK 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

<QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KPKVKCNGU C[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT 4X <GKNG WPF F³N WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP FGU 4X 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P KDP CU UWNV³P 2WPMVXCTKCPVGP DGKFG XQP MNGKPGO &WTEJOGUUGT WPF I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM &CU \YGKVG OKV 4CPFHGJNGT UQPUV DGKFG UGJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ II. IBN MUHAMMAD

945

946

947

<QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KPKVKCNGU C[P KP -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT 4X <GKNG WPF UÄP WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP FGU 4X 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPU YWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P MNGKPGT &WTEJOGU UGT I #TVWM 2GTG XCT 5WNVCP -/ 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

<QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ PKEJVU ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT 4X <GKNG WPF OÄO JC WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP D\Y 8 ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF T³ WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP FGU 4X 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P 2WPMVXCTKCPVGP DGKFG XQP ITQGO &WTEJOGUUGT WPF I #TVWM 2GTG XCT 5WNVCP WPF -/ 5VÒEM -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT <QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN QJPG /\\ WPF 'ZGORNCT OKV /\\ KPKVKCNGU OÄO ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT 4X <GKNG WPF F³N XQT FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG FGU 4X 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P KDP CU UWNV³P OKV FGO /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP 2WPMVXCTKCPVGP DGKFG XQP MNGKPGO &WTEJOGUUGT WPF I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP

OCTM -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

948

948 1,5:1

2CTC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF OÄO J³ WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVVU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ªDGTRT·IWPI CWH GKPGP RQNPKUEJGP 1TVUVCNGT CWU FGP GTP FGU -ÌPKIU 5KIKUOWPF +++ CO 4CPFG PQEJ GTMGPPDCT 6GKNG FGT 4GXGTUWO UEJTKHV OKV FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIUVKVWNCVWT 58 -CTVWUEJG OKV $NÒVG ÒDGT *CNDOQPF CNU /\\ )16 I +UOC KN )JCNKD &CTRJCPG /Ò\GUK UQPUV WPRWDNK\KGTV CWEJ -/ 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV -NGKPGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[BU .QPFQP 0T &GT KP FKGUGT 5COONWPI PKEJV DGNGIVG -WTWUJ .ÌYGPVCNGT YKG CWEJ FKGUG 2CTCUVÒEMG 8KGTVGNVCNGT UEJGKPGP TGIGNO·KI CWH GPVURTGEJGPFG YGUVNKEJG /ÒP\GP ÒDGTRT·IV YQTFGP \W UGKP &KG RQNPKUEJGP 8KGTVGNVCNGT KPUDGUQPFGTG CWU &CP\KI CDGT CWEJ RTGWUUKUEJG 1TVG FGT GT YCTGP WPVGT FGO JQNN·PFKUEJGP 0COGP +UGNQVVGP KP ITQGP 3WCPVKV·VGP KP FCU 1UOCPKUEJG 4GKEJ KORQTVKGTV YQTFGP WPF \KTMWNKGTVGP FQTV DKU KP FKG <GKV WO

MUSTAFÂ II. IBN MUHAMMAD

ex 950 949

949

<QNQVC * 'FKTPG /\\ KPKVKCNGU DC J³ ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT 4X <GKNG FGU 4X 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ITQGT &WTEJOGUUGT I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT <QNQVC * 'FKTPG /\\ KPKVKCNGU DC J³ ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT 4X <GKNG FGU 4X GKPOCN MNGKP GKPOCN ITQ 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P MNGKPGT WPF ITQGT &WTEJOGUUGT FGT 5VGORGN WPF I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

952 951

951

<QNQVC * #TF 4ÑO 'T\WTWO QJPG /\\ 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ITQGT &WTEJOGUUGT I #TVWM 2GTG #POGTMWPI 5WNVCP -/ 4 9KG ÒDNKEJ OKV 2T·IGUEJY·EJGP UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT <QNQVC * #TF 4ÑO 'T\WTWO QJPG /\\ 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 44 -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

954

953

<QNQVC * +\OKT QJPG /\\ 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ITQGT &WTEJOGUUGT I #TVWM 2GTG #POGTMWPI 5WNVCP -/ 4 )NGKEJO·KIG #WURT·IWPI UGJT UEJÌP

<QNQVC * +\OKT /\\ OÄO F³N WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KO 4X 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WN VCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P MNGKPGTGT &WTEJOGUUGT I #TVWM 2GTG #POGTMWPI XIN 5WNVCP MGPPV FCU /\\ PKEJV -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ II. IBN MUHAMMAD

955

956

*CNDGT <QNQVC * +\OKT QJPG /\\ 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM 2GTG #POGT MWPI 5WNVCP -/ 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

*CNDGT <QNQVC * +\OKT /\\ OÄO F³N WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KO 4X 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM 2GTG #POGTMWPI XIN 5WNVCP MGPPV FCU /\\ PKEJV -/ 4 'VYCU MQTTQFKGTV XQT\ÒINKEJ

958

957 1,5:1

I[RVGP )QNFOÒP\GP

5WNVCPK #NVKP * IGRT·IV * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P KDP CU UWNV³P I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& (CUV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP GZ 0T

0GWGT #UJTCHK KP I[RVGP LCFÄF 6WIJTCNÄ IGPCPPV * IGRT·IV * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP 4X <GKNG 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

961 959

ex 960

.KD[GP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

2CTC * 6CTCDNÄU IJCTD UKE 6TKRQNKU UWNV³P /WUVCH³ KDP /WJCOOCF MJ³P 4X FCTD 6CTCDNÄU IJCTD UCPC I -/ $TGKVGU 'ZGORNCT OKV XQNNGT 2T·IWPI UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC * 6CTCDNÄU IJCTD UKE 6TKRQNKU .QV XQP 'ZGORNCTGP OGKUV YKG XQTJGT 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO Z WPF I -/ 5VÒEM 4 )TQDG 2T·IWPIGP VGKNU FG\GPVTKGTV UEJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

6WPGUKGP GKPG -WRHGTOÒP\G

(CNU * 6ÑPKU 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I -/ 5EJÌP

AHMAD III. IBN MUHAMMAD

#JOCF +++ KDP /WJCOOCF * #&

#JOCF YCT ,CJTG CNV CNU KJO XQP FGT #TOGG IGJWNFKIV YWTFG /KV UGKPGO \WTÒEMIGVTGVGPGP $TWFGT /WUVCH³ XGTDCPF KJP FKG IGOGKPUCOG TGNCVKX HTGKG 2TKP\GPGT\KGJWPI KO *CTÄO WPF KO 2CNCUV UQ FCUU GT UKEJGT PKEJV HÒT FGP DCNFKIGP 6QF FGU CDIGUGV\VGP ·NVGTGP $TWFGTU XGTCPVYQTVNKEJ \W OCEJGP KUV <W P·EJUV DGUV·VKIVG GT CNNG XQP FGP -QPUVCPVKPQRNGT 4GDGNNGP GKPIGUGV\VGP 9ÒTFGPVT·IGT KO #OV &KG OKNK V·TKUEJGP #PHÒJTGT FGT 4GDGNNGP YWTFGP CDGT PCEJ YGPKIGP /QPCVGP FWTEJ FKG 'WPWEJGP WPF FKG 2C NCUVYCEJG FGU 6QRMCRý 5CTCK WOIGDTCEJV #WH FKG &CWGT YWTFGP CNNG 4GDGNNGP CWU FGO ,CJT * #& CWU KJTGP (WPMVKQPGP DGUGKVKIV #JOCF UEJGKPV ÒDGT UGJT MNCTG RQNKVKUEJ UVTCVGIKUEJG 8QTUVGNNWPIGP WPF ÒDGT &WTEJUGV\WPIUYKNNGP XGT HÒIV \W JCDGP MGKPGUYGIU PWT \WO GKIGPGP /CEJVGTJCNV UQPFGTP WO FCU 4GHQTORTQITCOO FGT NGV\VGP -ÌRTÒNÒ )TQYGUKTG HÒT GKPGP NGDGPUH·JKIGP UVCTMGP 5VCCV \W XGTYKTMNKEJGP 5Q GPVGKIPGVG GT RTKXCVK UKGTVGU .GJGPUNCPF WO GU CNU 5VCCVURCEJVNCPF HKUMCNKUEJ IGYKPPDTKPIGPF \W PWV\GP #WEJ UGV\VG GT FKG (NQVVGPTGHQTO HQTV &CU 5GNDUVXGTVTCWGP FGT QUOCPKUEJGP 'NKVGP YWEJU OKV FGO YKTVUEJCHVNKEJGP 'THQNI WPF OCP UWEJVG FCPCEJ CP YGNEJGT 5VGNNG FKG )GDKGVUXGTNWUVG FGU 8GTVTCIU XQP -CTNQYKV\ GTHQNITGKEJ \WTÒEM IGYQPPGP YGTFGP MQPPVGP &GT 0QTFKUEJG -TKGI OKV FGT (NWEJV FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIU -CTNU :++ PCEJ -QPUVCPVKPQRGN YKGU FKG 4KEJVWPI IGIGP 4WUUNCPF #WEJ <CT 2GVGT FGT )TQG RNCPVG YGIGP FGT HQTVIGUGV\VGP #WHPCJOG FGU 5EJYGFGPMÌPKIU GKPGP TWUUKUEJGP 8QTUVQ KP 4KEJVWPI CWH -QPUVCPVKPQRGN FGT \W GKPGT 'KPMGUUG NWPI FGT TWUUKUEJGP #TOGG OKV KJTGO -CKUGT CP FGT 2TWVJ HÒJTVG FKG FWTEJ GKPGP (TKGFGPUUEJNWUU OKV FGO CWU FGT 2QUKVKQP FGT 5V·TMG XGTJCPFNWPIUDGTGKVGP )TQYGUKT IGNÌUV YWTFG &KGUGT 'THQNI UV·TMVG FKGLGPKIGP YGNEJG YGKVGTG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPIGP YQNNVGP WPF UQ YWTFG PCEJ ªDGTITKHHGP 8GPGFKIU CWH \KXKNG QUOCPKUEJG 5EJKHHG KO /KVVGNOGGT FKG /QTGC KP )TKGEJGPNCPF UEJPGNN GKPIGPQOOGP &CFWTEJ IGYCPP FKG -TKGIURCTVGK CP &[PCOKM \WO #PITKHH CWH 7PICTP YQ CO #WIWUV DGK 2GVGTYCTFGKP FCU QUOCPKUEJG *CWRVJGGT GTPGWV FWTEJ FKG -CKUGTNKEJGP WPVGT FGO 2TKP\GP 'WIGP IGUEJNCIGP YWTFG YQT CWH $GNITCF XGTNQTGP IKPI 'KPG (QTVUGV\WPI FGU -TKGIGU YCT HÒT FKG QUOCPKUEJG 5GKVG WPOÌINKEJ /KV &CO³F +DT³JÄO 2³UJ³ GTJKGNV FCU 4GKEJ GKPGP PGWGP )TQYGUKT WPVGT FGO GKPG ,CJTG Y·JTGPFG (TKGFGPURGTKQFG \WT #PGKI PWPI FGT VGEJPKUEJGP WPF YKUUGPUEJCHVNKEJGP 'TTWPIGPUEJCHVGP FGU ÒDTKIGP 'WTQRC WPF \W PGWGT MWNVW TGNNGT $NÒVG HÒJTVG &GT $CTQEM JKGNV 'KP\WI KO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ OKV FGT 6WNRGP\GKV WPF GWTQR·KUEJGP /CNGTP +DTCJKO /ÒVGHGTTKMC ITÒPFGVG FKG GTUVG WPF HÒT NCPIG <GKV GKP\KIG $WEJFTWEMGTGK KP -QPUVCP VKPQRGN FKG FGO $KDNKQVJGMUYGUGP FGT $KNFWPIUGNKVG GKPGP YGUGPVNKEJGP 5EJWD XGTUGV\VG &GT 0WV\GP UQNN XQT CNNGO FGO *QH FGU 5WNVCPU WPF GKPGT MNGKPGP 'NKVG \WIGHNQUUGP UGKP Y·JTGPF FKG OKV 'HHK\KGP\ GTJQ DGPGP 5VGWGTP DTGKVGP $GXÌNMGTWPIUUEJKEJVGP /ÒJG OCEJVG &KGU KUV CDGT CWEJ GKP )GOGKPRNCV\ FGU UR·VDCTQEMGP /KVVGNGWTQRC UQ FCUU UQNEJG #PCN[UGP OKV 8QTUKEJV \W DGVTCEJVGP UKPF &KG NCPIG (TKGFGPURJCUG MCO FWTEJ KPVGTPG 8QTI·PIG KO ÌUVNKEJGP 0CEJDCTNCPF \WO 'PFG FGPP FGT <WUCOOGPDTWEJ FGU UEJKKVKUEJGP 5CHCYKFGPUVCCVGU FWTEJ FKG /CEJVÒDGTPCJOG CHIJCPKUEJGT 5ÌNFPGTHÒJ TGT NKGGP &CO³F +DT³JÄO 2³UJ³ FKG UKEJ DKGVGPFGP %JCPEGP KO VWTMURTCEJKIGP #\GTDCKLCP #TOGPKGP WPF )GQTIKGP GTITGKHGP PCEJFGO 4WUUNCPF DGTGKVU &GTDCPF WPF $CMW DGUGV\V JCVVG &KG #DYGUGPJGKV ITQGT 6TWRRGPXGTD·PFG CWU -QPUVCPVKPQRGN KP #\GTDCKLCP GTOÌINKEJVG PCEJ 0KGFGTNC IGP CP FGT KTCPKUEJGP (TQPV FGP 'THQNI GKPGT )TWRRG #NDCPKUEJGT ,CPKVUEJCTGP WPVGT 2CVTQPC *CNÄN DGK FGT (QTFGTWPI PCEJ #DUGV\WPI WPF 6QF FGU )TQYGUKTU FGO XQTIGYQTHGP YWTFG GT JCDG OKV &GT DGPF WPF $CMW KUNCOKUEJG )GDKGVG CP FCU EJTKUVNKEJG 4WUUNCPF CDIGVTGVGP VCVU·EJNKEJ CDGT FWTEJ UGKPG *GGTGU WPF (NQVVGPTGHQTO FGP 'KPHNWUU FGT ,CPKVUEJCTGP DGITGP\V JCVVG #JOCF +++ ICD FGP #WHUV·PFK UEJGP \WP·EJUV PCEJ WPF NKG &CO³F +DT³JÄO 2³UJ³ GTYÒTIGP MQPPVG UKEJ UGNDGT CDGT PKEJV JCNVGP UQPFGTP VTCV \WIWPUVGP FGU ·NVGUVGP 1UOCPGP CO *QHG \WTÒEM /CJOWF + #JOCF UVCTD CO 5CHCT * ,WPK #& \W GKPGO <GKVRWPMV CP FGO UQYQJN IGIGP FGP +TCP CNU CWEJ 4WUUNCPF -TKGI IGHÒJTV YWTFGP YCU \W YGPKI YCJTUEJGKPNKEJGP 5RGMWNCVKQPGP ÒDGT GKPG OÌINKEJG 8GTIKHVWPI #PNCUU ICD 32

AHMAD III. IBN MUHAMMAD

962

963

6ÒTMGK )QNFOÒP\GP

<GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ Y³Y QFGT S³H KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

<GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ Y³Y QFGT S³H WOIGUEJPKVVGP \W [³ KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

964

966

965

967

<GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ [³ KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

<GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ [³ KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 6TGOQNKGTUVKEJ KO #X UGJT UEJÌP

<GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ PÑP KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCT ÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ UÄP KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCT ÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

1,5:1

<GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCT ÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

969

968

970

<GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO F³N KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

<GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO F³N KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

AHMAD III. IBN MUHAMMAD

971

<GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ HKPCNGU C[P KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1,5:1

972

1,5:1

*CNDGT <GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

973

*CNDGT <GT K +UVCPDÑN * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ -PQVGP QJPG -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

974

(ÒPHHCEJGT #UJTCHK * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ [³ KP -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF D³ WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KO 4GX 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I 8IN #TVWM WPF 2GTG /\\ KPKVKCNGU JC -/ MGPPV FKGUGU /\\ PKEJV )1.& WGTUV UGNVGPG 8CTKCPVG FKGUGU UGJT UGNVGPGP /ÒP\V[RU &TGK UCWDGT IGUVQRHVG .ÌEJGT UGJT UEJÌP

976

975

#UJTCHK * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN <K[PGV #DUEJNCI CWH ITQGO DTGKVGP 5EJTÌV NKPI /\\ J³ WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KO 4GX 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM /\\ Y³Y QFGT S³H 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 <YGKOCN IGNQEJV CO 4CPF UEJYCEJ CWUIGRT·IV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

976

#UJTCHK * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KPKVKCNGU C[P KP -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF F³N WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KO 4GX 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P I 8IN #TVWM WPF 2GTG DGKFG /\\ UÄP -/ )1.& -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

AHMAD III. IBN MUHAMMAD

ex 977

6ÒTMGK 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

-WTWUJ * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO F³N KP -CTVWUEJG 5VGORGNXCTKCP VGP *CNDMWTWUJ QFGT ;KTOKNKM OKV FGOUGNDGP /ÒP\\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPF I #TVWM XCT WPF 2GTG WPF 5WNVCP WPF -/ WPF 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 978

ex 979

1PNWM * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ OGFKCNGU C[P KP -CTVWUEJG D\Y OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG $GUJNKM OKV /\\ OÄO F³N KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPF I #TVWM XCT WPF 2GTG WPF 5WNVCP XCT WPF -/ WPF 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

<QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN FTGK 8CTKCPVGP CNNG OKV /\\ -PQVGP OKV WP FGWVNKEJGO /QPQITCOO OÄO F³N! ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT 4X <GKNG WPF C[P WPF JC \W #PHCPI WPF 'PFG FGT NGV\VGP <GKNG D\Y KPKVKCNGU UCF WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP D\Y PÑP WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP FGU 4X 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P WPF I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT 5WNVCP WPF OCTMU -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ UGJT UEJÌP WPF WP\KTMWNKGTV

ex 980

ex 981 ex 980

<QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN \YGK 8CTKCPVGP DGKFG OKV /\\ D³ J³ KP &TGK RCUU ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT 4X <GKNG WPF F³N D\Y KPKVKCNGU J³ WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KO 4X 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P WPF I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT 5WNVCP WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

*CNDG <QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN XKGT 8CTKCPVGP CNNG OKV /\\ -PQVGP OKV WPFGWVNKEJGO /QPQITCOO ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT 4X <GKNG WPF KPKVKCNGU JC C[P F³N D³ J³ D\Y F³N WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP FGU 4X 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P WPF I #TVWM 2GTG XCT 5WNVCP XCT XCT WPF -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF WP\KTMWNKGTV

AHMAD III. IBN MUHAMMAD

ex 982

2CTC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN )TQGT 6[R OKV $GK\GKEJGP -PQVGP D\Y 2WPMVG QDGP KO 4X WPF GKP CWH #MEGITÌG DGUEJPKVVGPGT 2CTC OKV /\\ OÄO NKPMU PGDGP FGT ,CJTGU\CJN UQYKG 2CTC MNGKPGP 6[RU OKV /ÒP\UV·VVGPDG\GKEJPWPI +UN³ODÑN OKV /\\ KPKVKCNGU C[P T³ D\Y [³ NKPMU PGDGP FGT ,CJTGU\CJN WPF I #TVWM WPF 2GTG WPF XCT 5WNVCP WPF -/ WPF 5VÒEM 4 /KV #WUPCJOG FGU DGUEJPKVVGPGP 5VÒEMU XQT\ÒINKEJ WPF WP\KTMWNKGTV

ex 983

1,5:1

ex 984

1,5:1

2:1

#MEG * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU /\\ PGDGP FGO ,CJT OÄO OÄO T³ XCT PÑP V³ WPF T³ PKEJV IGYQIGP WPF I #TVWM XCT 2GTG 5WNVCP WPF XCT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WP\KTMWNKGTV

#MEG * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QJPG /\\ 8CTKCPVGP WPF I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP WP\KTMWNKGTV

985

986

6ÒTMGK -WRHGTOÒP\GP

4GEJVGEMKIGT /CPIKT :: * $KVNÄU I -CDCMNCTNK $VN

4GEJVGEMKIGT /CPIKT * 9³P 8CP 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IG LCJT I -CDCMNCTNK 9P 44 5GJT UEJÌP

987

ex 988

44 5GJT UEJÌP

989

#TOGPKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * IGRT·IV * 4GY³P ;GTGXCP /\\ -PQVGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM 2GTG -/ #TOGPKC 4 5GJT UEJÌP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * IGRT·IV * 4GY³P ;GTGXCP /\\ -PQVGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP &TGK UVGO RGNINGKEJG 5VÒEMG 2WPMVXCTKCPVGP KO 8GTJ·NVPKU \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM WPF I #TVWM 2GTG -/ #TOGPKC 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * IGRT·IV * 4GY³P ;GTGXCP /\\ -PQVGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP -NGKPGT 4GXGTUUVGORGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ #TOGPKC 4 5GJT UEJÌP

AHMAD III. IBN MUHAMMAD

990

1,5:1

#\GTDCKFUEJCP +TCP )QNFOÒP\G

0GWGT <KPLKTNK #NVKP * IGRT·IV * 6CDTÄ\ /\\ [³ KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 444 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

991

992

#\GTDCKFUEJCP +TCP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * IGRT·IV * 6CDTÄ\ /\\ F³N ! KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 (NGEMKI UGJT UEJÌP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * IGRT·IV * 6CDTÄ\ /\\ F³N ! KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP ªDGTRT· IWPI CWH GKPGP #DDCUK FGU 5CHCYKFGP *WUC[P CWU 0CMJLKY³P I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 (NGEMKI UGJT UEJÌP

993

#DDCUK XQP TGFW\KGTVGO )GYKEJV 1PNWM * IGRT·IV * 6CDTÄ\ /\\ [³ ! KP -CT VWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT QDGP FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP ªDGTRT·IWPI CWH GKPGP #DDCUK FGU *QVCMK #HIJCPGP #UJTCH * CWU +UHCJ³P XQO 6[R % I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT #DDCUK $GUJNKM * IGRT·IV * 6CDTÄ\ /\\ [³ KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT QDGP FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 -QTTQFKGTV WPF CO 4CPF DGUVQGP UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP

995

994

996

*CNDGT #DDCUK $GUJNKM * IGRT·IV * 6CDTÄ\ /\\ [³ KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT QDGP FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 4CPFHGJNGT *GPMGNURWT! UGJT UEJÌP

#\GTDCKFUEJCP 5KNDGTOÒP\G

#DDCUK 1PNWM * IGRT·IV * )CPLC /\\ J³ KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT QDGP FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ #\GTDCKLCP 44 5GJT UEJÌP

AHMAD III. IBN MUHAMMAD

1,5:1

997

1,5:1

)GQTIKGP )QNFOÒP\GP

0GWGT <KPLKTNK #NVKP * IGRT·IV * 6KHNÄU 6DKNKUK /\\ OGFKCNGU C[P KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )GQTIKC )1.& 444 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI )CTTGVV #WMVKQP 0WOKUOCVKE (KPG #TVU $CPM .GW $GXGTN[ *KNNU /CK 0T

1,5:1

998

1,5:1

0GWGT <KPLKTNK #NVKP * IGRT·IV * 6KHNÄU 6DKNKUK /\\ KPKVKCNGU OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FCTÒDGT FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )GQTIKC )1.& 444 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T &KG +FGPVKHK\KGTWPI FGU /ÒP\\GKEJGPU KUV PKEJV GKPFGWVKI FC FGT $WEJUVCDG UGJT GPI KP FKG -CTVWUEJG GKPIG\Y·PIV KUV YCU FKG -QPVWT WPFGWVNKEJ OCEJV #WH FGP GTUVGP $NKEM ·JPGNV FGT $WEJUVCDG UGJT FGOLGPKIGP CWH FGO XQTJGT IGJGPFGP 5VÒEM #WEJ GKP KPKVKCNGU J³ Y·TG NGUDCT WPF KUV OKV FGO CWH 2GTG J³ IGNGUGP UKEJGT KFGPVKUEJ &GT $WEJUVCDG JCV CDGT KO 7PVGTUEJKGF \WO /ÒP\\GKEJGP FGU XQTKIGP 5VÒEMU FGWVNKEJ MGKPG 8GTDKPFWPI PCEJ TGEJVU

ex 999

ex 1000

)GQTIKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * IGRT·IV * 6KHNÄU 6DKNKUK /\\ J³ KP DNÒVGPHÌTOKIGT -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\ \GKEJGP &TGK 8CTKCPVGP OKV WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGO #TTCPIGOGPV FGT $GK\GKEJGP TGEJVU FGT 6WIJTC WPF I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM &CU NGV\VG 5VÒEM HNGEMKI WPF OKV XGTUWEJVGT .QEJWPI UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * IGRT·IV * 6KHNÄU 6DKNKUK /\\ J³ KP FTGKGEMKIKIGT -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\ \GKEJGP GKP \YGKVGU 5VÒEM OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP KP DNÒVGPHÌTOKIGT -CTVWUEJG OKV MNGKPGO 4GXGTUUVGORGN GKP FTKVVGU OKV INGKEJGO /ÒP\\GKEJGP DGKFGTUGKVU ITQGP 5VGORGNP LGFQEJ MNGKPGO 5EJTÌVNKPI WPF I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM &CU \YGKVG 5VÒEM OKV &QRRGNUEJNCI UQPUV CNNG UGJT UEJÌP

I[RVGP )QNFOÒP\GP

1001

#UJTCHK * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP KO 4GX WPF CPFGTG /ÒP\\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5G IGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P 0KEJV IGT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM XIN 2GTG 9CNK\GKEJGP GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

AHMAD III. IBN MUHAMMAD

1002

1003

#UJTCHK * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP KO 4GX WPF CNKH ÒDGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP FGU /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOGPU KO #X 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P 0KEJV IGT·PFGNV I #TVWM XIN 2GTG 9CNK\GKEJGP GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

&KG 2T·IWPI FGT JKGT CNU #UJTCHK DG\GKEJPGVGP )QNFOÒP\GP H·NNV QHHGPDCT KP \YGK IGVTGPPVG 2GTKQFGP CO #PHCPI WPF CO 'PFG FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV FGU 5WNVCPU #JOCF +++ &KG HGJNGPFG 4·PFGNWPI FKGUGT 5VÒEMG FCTH CNU *KPYGKU FCTCWH IGFGWVGV YGTFGP FCUU GU UKEJ WO HTÒJG 5VÒEMG XQT FGT 'KPHÒJTWPI FGU <KPLKTNK JCPFGNV &CU (GJNGP XQP 9CNK\GKEJGP OCI FCTCP NKGIGP FCUU GU UKEJ JKGT WO /WUVGTUVGORGN JCPFGNV FKG CWU -QPUVCPVKPQRGN IGUEJKEMV YQTFGP YCTGP &GT \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJG 0COG FKGUGT ·NVGTGP /ÒP\GP YCT KP I[RVGP YKG \WXQT 6WIJTCNÄ QFGT #DÑ 6WTC 5R·VGUVGPU CD * WPF DKU * YWTFGP FCPP PWT PQEJ <KPLKTNK )QNFOÒP\GP XQP PGWGO 6[R OKV FGT 6WIJTC KO -TGKU WPF JÌJG TGO (GKPIGJCNV IGRT·IV &KG PCEJHQNIGPFGP IGT·PFGNVGP #UJTCHK IGJÌTGP FCPP KP FKG 2GTKQFG PCEJ * KP FGT PCEJ FGT TGNCVKX IWVGP ·I[RVKUEJGP 3WGNNGPÒDGTNKGHGTWPI (KPFKSNK )QNFOÒP\GP IGRT·IV YWTFGP &GT PGWG 0COG GTMN·TV UKEJ CO DGUVGP TÒEMY·TVU DGVTCEJVGV FC GU UKEJ PWP YKGFGT WO /ÒP\GP XQO 6[R FGT UR·VGTGP <GT K OCJDWF JCPFGNVG LGFQEJ KO YGUGPVNKEJ JÌJGTGP )GYKEJV FGT 8GPG\KCPKUEJGP &WMCVGP

#UJTCHK * /KUT -CKTQ 9CNK\GKEJGP C[P KP -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG KO 4GX 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P )GT·PFGNV I 8IN #TVWM 9CNK\GKEJGP UCF [³ XIN 2GTG 9CNK\GKEJGP GKPHC EJGT -PQVGP -/ )1.& 'VYCU $GNCI XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T &CU 9CNK\GKEJGP KUV GPVYGFGT FGO 3CKOCSCO #NK /QTCN[ \W\WQTFPGP FGT FGP ITÌGTGP 6GKN FGU ,CJTGU * FKG *GTTUEJCHV \YKUEJGP #DUGV\WPI WPF 9KGFGTGKPUGV\WPI FGU 0KUJCPLK /WJCOOCF CNU 9CNK XQP I[RVGP XGTVTCV QFGT FGO #DFÄ FGT * \WO \YGKVGP /CN FCU 9CNKCOV DGMNGKFGVG

1004 1,5:1

1,5:1

#UJTCHK * /KUT -CKTQ 9CNK\GKEJGP U³F [³ ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG KO 4GX WPF F³N ÒDGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP FGU /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOGPU KO #X 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGP CPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XIN 2GTG 9CNK\GKEJGP GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

&CU \YGKVG /ÒP\\GKEJGP F³N CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG MCPP OKV FGO 5³JKD CN K[³T FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG CN /W CNNKO &³ ÑF KP 8GTDKPFWPI IGDTCEJV YGTFGP &GT NKG KO ,CJT * HÒT FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT (KPFKSNK )QNFOÒP\GP GKPGP 0GWDCW FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG CWH FGT <KVCFGNNG GTTKEJVGP 'PVIGIGP FGT #PYGKUWPIGP CWU -QPUVCPVKPQRGN XGTNCPIVGP FKG )QNFNKGHG TCPVGP FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG CDGT YGKVGTJKP FKG UGKV * IGRT·IVGP <KPLKTNK )QNFOÒP\GP \W -CTCV 0CEJ FGT #DDGTW HWPI FGU 9CNK 0KUJCPLK /WJCOOCF * NKG &C WF GKPG \YGKVG /ÒP\UV·VVG HÒT FKG <KPLKTNK 2T·IWPI KP UGKPGO *CWUG KP )K\G GKPTKEJVGP KP FGT KO 8GTNCWH XQP \YGK /QPCVGP 5JCTÄHÄ <KPLKTNK IGRT·IV YWTFGP YGNEJG PWT -CTCV )QNF JKGNVGP WPF UR·VGTJKP CNU 2T·IWPIGP XQP )K\G DGMCPPV YCTGP WPF 0KUH HKFFC 2CTC IGTKPIGT VCTKHKGTV YWTFG U CU 5³YÄ 5 &KG XQTJGT IGPCPPVGP (KPFKSNK )QNFOÒP\GP UKPF QHHGPDCT KFGPVKUEJ OKV FGP JKGT #UJTCHK IGPCPPVGP 2T·IWPIGP

1,5:1

1005

1,5:1

#UJTCHK * /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG KO 4GX 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XIN 2GTG 9CNK\GKEJGP GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&C FGT FQRRGNVG -PQVGP CWEJ CWH GPVURTGEJGPFGP /ÒP\GP FGU 0CEJHQNIGTU /CJOWF + \W HKPFGP KUV YKTF FKGUGU 9CNK\GKEJGP FGO WPVGT #JOCF +++ WPF /CJOÑF + COVKGTGPFGP -ÌRTÒNÒ\CFG #DF CNN³J 9CNK * \W\WQTFPGP UGKP &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /ÒP\G KUV FGOPCEJ * \W FCVKGTGP

AHMAD III. IBN MUHAMMAD

1007

1006

<KPLKTNK #NVKP * IGRT·IV * CWH ITQGO 5EJTÌVNKPI /KUT -CKTQ OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP XGTFQRRGNVGU OÄO 6WIJTC KP -TGKU WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

<KPLKTNK #NVKP * /KUT -CKTQ CWH MNGKPGO 5EJTÌVNKPI OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP XGTFQRRGNVGU OÄO 6WIJTC KP -TGKU WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4WFKOGPV·TG 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

1008

1,5:1

<KPLKTNK #NVKP * IGRT·IV * CWH ITQGO 5EJTÌVNKPI /KUT -CKTQ OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP XGTFQRRGNVGU OÄO \W GKPGO -PQVGP WOIGUEJPKVVGP 6WIJTC KP -TGKU WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1009

*CNDGT <KPLKTNK #NVKP * IGRT·IV * CWH ITQGO 5EJTÌVNKPI /KUT -CKTQ OKV /ÒP\ \GKEJGP XGTFQRRGNVGU OÄO \W GKPGP -PQVGP GTYGKVGTV 6WIJTC KP -TGKU WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 -N &TWEMUVGNNGP UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 0T

ex 1010

1011 ex 1012

I[RVGP 5KNDGTOÒP\G

/C[FKP * /KUT -CKTQ XQP VTCFKVKQPGNNGT 2T·IWPI 6KVGN WPF 0COG FGU 5WNVCPU 4X 5GIGPU YWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 'OKUUKQPULCJT 8CTKCPVGP +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5EJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

I[RVGP -WRHGTOÒP\G

(CNU * /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I -CDCMNCTNK /UT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

.KD[GP -WRHGTOÒP\G

(CNU * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 8CTKCPVGP (CNU * 6CTCDNÑU 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG KO &TGKRCUU WPF I -CDCMNCTNK 6TDI WPF 6TDI -/ WPF 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF UEJÌP

AHMAD III. IBN MUHAMMAD

1013

1014

1015

6WPGUKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

1PNWM * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P #JOCF 4X KDP /WJCOOCF MJ³P C\\C PCUTCJW FWTKDC HÄ 6ÑPKU \W FGP 5GKVGP FGU 0COGPU #JOCF LG GKP 5VGTP I #TVWM * 2GTG * 5WNVCP * -/ 5GJT UGNVGPGU GTUVGU ,CJT 5GJT IWV CWUIGRT·IVGU UVGORGNIN·P\GPFGU 'ZGORNCT OKV NGKEJVGT 6ÌPWPI

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 8KMVQT 5EJKOMC #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

$GK FGO 5VÒEM MCPP GU UKEJ CWEJ WO GKPGP 2TQDGCDUEJNCI JCPFGNP

1PNWM * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P #JOCF 4X KDP /WJCOOCF MJ³P C\\C PCUTCJW FWTKDC HÄ 6ÑPKU I #TVWM * 2GTG 5WNVCP * -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

1PNWM * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P #JOCF 4X KDP /WJCOOCF MJ³P C\\C PCUTCJW FWTKDC HÄ 6ÑPKU \W FGP 5GKVGP FGU 0COGPU #JOCF LG GKP 5VGTP I #TVWM * 2GTG 5WNVCP * -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1016

3WCFTCVKUEJGT 0CUTK Q , 6ÑPKU [³ S³FÄ N J³L³V [³ M³HÄ N OWJKOO³V 4X 6KVGN 0COG WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG 8CTKCPVGP WPF I #TVWM ,CJT -/ CNNG OKV &CVWO 5VÒEM 'KP 5VÒEM IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

3WCFTCVKUEJGT 0CUTK 8CT WPF * 6ÑPKU [³ S³FÄ N J³L³V [³ M³HÄ N OWJKOO³V 4X 6KVGN 0COG WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG 8CTKCPVGP WPF I #TVWM ,CJT -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1018

ex 1017

ex 1019

3WCFTCVKUEJGT 0CUTK 8CT WPF * 6ÑPKU [³ S³FÄ N J³L³V [³ M³HÄ N OWJKOO³V 4X 6KVGN 0COG WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT -/ CNNG OKV &CVWO 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP

MAHMÛD I.

/CJOÑF + * #&

/CJOÑF IGDQTGP YCT CPHCPIU GKP )GUEJÌRH FGT 2CVTQPC 4GDGNNKQP WPF FGT ,CPKVUEJCTGP &CJGT OWUUVG GT \WP·EJUV FGTGP (QTFGTWPI PCEJ <GTUVÌTWPI FGT CPIGDNKEJ DCTQEMGP 2CTM WPF -ÌUEJMCPNC IGP KP FGT 7OIGDWPI -QPUVCPVKPQRGNU PCEJMQOOGP #WEJ RGTUQPGNN ICD GU GKP ōTQNN DCEMŋ KPFGO FKG WPVGT #JOCF +++ KP 8GTDCPPWPI NGDGPFG (COKNKG (C[F CNN³JU GTPGWV FKG YKEJVKIUVGP OVGT HÒT 4GEJVU IGNGJTVG GKPPCJO &GP 4GDGNNGP GTYWEJU CDGT KP FGT 2CNCUVICTFG GKPG UVCTMG -QPMWTTGP\ 0CEJ YGPKIGT CNU \YGK /QPCVGP YWTFGP FKG 2N·PG FGU UEJYCT\GP -K\NCT #IJC $CUJÄT WPF FGU )TQYGUKTU OKV *KNHG FGU -JCPU FGT -TKO CWUIGHÒJTV $GK GKPGO 'ORHCPI KO 6QRMCRK 5CTCK UQNNVG FGO 2CVTQPC -JCNÄN WPF UGKPGP (ÒJTGTP XQTIGDNKEJ PGWG OVGT XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP VCVU·EJNKEJ YWTFGP FKGUG CDGT GKPGT PCEJ FGO CPFGTGP GTOQTFGV &GT -K\NCT #IJC YWTFG PWP FGT UVCTMG /CPP CO *QHG /CJOÑFU FGT FKG $GUGV\WPIGP FGU )TQYGUKTCVU QTICPKUKGTVG &KG DNWVKIG 8GTHQNIWPI FGT #NDCPGT WPF CPFGTGT 4GDGNNGP JKGNV YGKVGT CP 5Q JCVVG FGT #WHUVCPF VTQV\ FGT #WUYGEJUGNWPI FGU 5WNVCPU MGKPG FCWGTJCHVGP #WUYKTMWPIGP CWH FGP )CPI FGT QUOC PKUEJGP )GUEJKEJVG &KG MQPUGSWGPVG #PGKIPWPI YGUVNKEJGT /KNKV·TVGEJPQNQIKG VTWI KP FGP UR·VGP GT ,CJTGP (TÒEJVG KP YGKVGTGP #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP OKV FGO &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJ 8GTUWEJG FKG /QNFCW WPVGT JCDUDWTIKUEJG -QPVTQNNG \W DTKPIGP UEJGKVGTVGP WPF 0QTFUGTDKGP OKV $GNITCF YWTFG GTPGWV QUOC PKUEJ #PFGTGTUGKVU IKPIGP #\GTDC[LCP WPF FKG 0CEJDCTTGIKQPGP * #& CP FGP #HIJCPGP 0CFKT 5JCJ XGTNQTGP )NGKEJ\GKVKI YWTFG FKG JKUVQTKUEJG %JCPEG FKG GT 5JK C WPF FGP UWPPKVKUEJGP +UNCO FWTEJ GKP $ÒPFPKU \YKUEJGP FGP +TCP DGJGTTUEJGPFGP UWPPKVKUEJGP #HIJCPGP WPF FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ CWU\WUÌJPGP XGTRCUUV &KG -QPUQNKFKGTWPI QUOCPKUEJGT *GTTUEJCHV KO 1UVGP FGT #TCDKUEJGP *CNDKPUGN KUV FWTEJ FKG GTUV LÒPIUV DGMCPPV IGYQTFGPGP /ÒP\GP IWV DGNGIV &KG \YGKVG *·NHVG FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV /CJOÑFU YCT XQP (TKGFGP OKV FGP 0CEJDCTUVCCVGP IGRT·IV -WNVW TGNN YKG JGTTUEJCHVUIGUEJKEJVNKEJ MQPPVGP KP FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV /CJOWFU + FKG GTHQNITGKEJGP 'PVYKEM NWPIGP #JOCFU +++ HQTVIGUGV\V YGTFGP &KG &TWEMGTGK /ÒVGHGTTKMCU WPF FKG $KDNKQVJGMGP -QPUVCP VKPQRGNU HNQTKGTVGP FKG 9CUUGTXGTUQTIWPI FGT 5VCFV YWTFG GTPGWGTV /CJOÑF + UVCTD #& PCEJ GKPGO KPUIGUCOV GTHQNITGKEJGP 5WNVCPCV 'KPG JGWVG QHHGPG (TCIG KUV KPYKGYGKV FKG #WHMN·TWPI KO EJTKUVNKEJGP 'WTQRC CWEJ FCU QUOCPKUEJG 4GKEJ GTHCUUVG 5KEJGT KUV FCIGIGP FCUU FKG CWU FGT #WHMN·TWPI KO EJTKUVNKEJGP 'WTQRC HQNIGPFG (TGKJGKV \W TGNKIKÌUGT 'PVUEJGKFWPI OGJTGTGP OKNKV·TKUEJ DGFGWVUCOGP 4GPGICVGP FGP ªDGTVTKVV \WO +UNCO GTNGKEJVGTVG YKG FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP )TCHGP WPF )GPGTCN %NCWFG #NGZCPFTG FG $QPPGXCN CNKCU *WODCTCLÄ #JOCF 2³UJ³

MAHMÛD I.

1020

6ÒTMGK )QNFOÒP\GP

#NVKP EGFKF +UVCPDWN DGUJNKM * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI W C HNQTCN 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI (GKPG 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG ;-$ -/ )1.& 4 /KPKOCNG (CUUWPIUURWT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP 0T

1021

#NVKP EGFKF +UVCPDWN DGUJNKM * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO OÄO 0C\KT FGT /\UV /GJOGF 'OKPK WO KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI W C HNQTCN 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI )TQDG 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG ;-$ -/ )1.& 4 1JPG 5RWTGP XQP *GPMGNWPI .QEJWPI QFGT (CUUWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

1022

#NVKP ÒE CNVKPNKM * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ KPKVKCNGU yCKP KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI W C #TCDGUMGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM 2GTG 8CT ;-$ 8CT -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1023

#NVKP ÒE CNVKPNKM * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yCKP D³ KP -CTVWUEJG y#DF CNNCJ 'HGPFK 0C\KT FGT /\UV WO * ! 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI W C #TCDGUMGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM 2GTG ;-$ -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

MAHMÛD I.

1024

#NVKP ÒE CNVKPNKM * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yCKP D³ KP -CTVWUEJG y#DF CNNCJ 'HGPFK 0C\KT FGT /\UV WO * ! 6WIJTC KP UGEJUHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI FC\YKUEJGP GKP DTGKVGT HTGKGT 4CWO 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

1026

1025

#NVKP DKT DWEWM CNVKPNKM * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ KPKVKCNGU yCKP KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI W C )CDGNDNCVVTCPMGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& (CUUWPIUURWTGP IGUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

#NVKP DKT DWEWM CNVKPNKM * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO! KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP $NÒVGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ;-$ -/ )1.& )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

1028

ex 1027

#NVKP VGM CNVKP * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ U³F KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP $NÒVGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP FGT +PVGTRWPMVKQP KO 4GXGTU )GT·PFGNV WPF I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

#NVKP VGM CNVKP * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP $NÒVGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 'VYCU $GNCI UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP GZ 0T

1029 1030

1031

#NVKP PKUHK[G [CTKO CNVKP * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP $NÒVGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yC[P 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKP MNGKPGT -PQVGP 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yC[P 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG 4QUG ÒDGT GKPGO WPFGWVNKEJGP CTCD /QPQITCOO 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

MAHMÛD I.

1032

1033

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yCKP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG 4QUG KP ITÌGTGO #X 5VGORGN 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yCKP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT MGKP <GKEJGP WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC ITQGT #X 5VGORGN 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yCKP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT MGKP <GKEJGP WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC MNGKPGT #X 5VGORGN 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1037

1038

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG KP (QTO GKPGU ÒDGTFCEJVGP 9 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT MGKP <GKEJGP WPVGP TGEJVU WPF NKPMU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN /\\ OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG KP (QTO GKPGU ÒDGTFCEJVGP 9 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT MGKP <GKEJGP WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC FCIGIGP NKPMU GKP 8 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG KP (QTO \YGKGT GKP 1XCN GTIG DGPFG <YGKIG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT GKPG 4QUGVVG WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

1041

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG KP WOIGMGJTVGT *GT\HQTO 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT GKPG 4QUGVVG WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ U³F 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT GKPG 4QUGVVG WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC MNGKPGT #X 5VGORGN 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP

1039

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yC[P 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT MGKP <GKEJGP WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC PQEJ MNGKPGTGT #X 5VGORGN 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1040

1035

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yCKP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG 4QUG KP MNGKPGO #X 5VGORGN 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

1036

1034

MAHMÛD I.

1043

1044 1042

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ ±[P D³ 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT QJPG <GKEJGP WPVGP TGEJVU WPF NKPMU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC ITQGT #X 5VGORGN 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 'VYCU $GNCI XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yC[P 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT QJPG <GKEJGP WPVGP TGEJVU WPF NKPMU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC MNGKPGT #X 5VGORGN 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 -NGKPG 2TÒHURWT CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ yC[P 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT QJPG <GKEJGP WPVGP TGEJVU WPF NKPMU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC ITQGT #X 5VGORGN 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

1045

ex 1046

ex 1047

6ÒTMGK 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

-WTWUJ * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP 8CTKCPVGP OKV WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP $GK\GKEJGP ÒDGT FGT 6WIJTC WPF I #TVWM XCT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

&KG GTUVGP DGKFGP 5VÒEMG 'ZGORNCTG FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP 0T FCU FTKVVG 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 5EJKOMC #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

-WTWUJ * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ U³F KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP UQYKG \YGK -WTWUJ QJPG $NÒVG PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC OKV FGO /ÒP\\GKEJGP C[P D³ KP -CTVWUEJG WPF QJPG -CTVWUEJG PKEJV IGYQIGP WPF I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT WPF 5WNVCP -/ WPF 5VÒEM &CU GTUVG 5VÒEM OKV 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UQPUV CNNG UGJT UEJÌP

-WTWUJ * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ C[P CNKH D\Y S³H 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPF I #TVWM 2GTG WPF XIN 5WNVCP WPF -/ 5VÒEM $GKFG UGJT UEJÌP

MAHMÛD I.

ex 1049

ex 1048

*CNDG -WTWUJ ;KTOKNKM * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ OÄO KP -CTVWUEJG C[P CNKH 8CTKCPVGP D\Y S³H 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPF I #TVWM WPF XCT 2GTG 5WNVCP WPF XCT -/ 5VÒEM #NNG UGJT UEJÌP

1PNWM * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ C[P CNKH 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG /\\ C[P D³ 8CTKCPVGP OKV WPF QJPG -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC QJPG $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPF I #TVWM WPF XCT 2GTG XCT -/ 5VÒEM -TCV\GT UEJÌP UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1051

ex 1050

ex 1052

$GUJNKM * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ U³F KP -CTVWUEJG WPF U³F F³N 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPF I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN (WPFDGUVCPF XQP VGKNU OGJTHCEJ IGNQEJVGP 5VÒEMGP OKV /\\ C[P CNKH C[P D³ F³N C[P UQYKG \YGK 2CTC CWU CNVGO 5COONWPIUDGUVCPF OKV /\\ C[P CNKH WPF PÑP 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU #TVWM 2GTG -/ WPF 5VÒEM <YGK 5VÒEM UGJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ FGT 4GUV IGNQEJV WPF IGTKPI GTJCNVGP

#MEG * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ C[P CNKH C[P D³ WPF S³H 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCPGDGP FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPF I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 5VÒEM 5EJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

1053

1053 1,5:1

-WTWUJ * )ÒOÒqJ³PG /\\ V³ KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM XCT /\\ C[P 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5RKPM <ÒTKEJ 0T

MAHMÛD I.

1057

1056

1054

1055

-WTWUJ * )ÒOÒqJ³PG /\\ C[P QJPG -CTVWUEJG /QPQITCOO FGU 0COGPU 7OCT! 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM 2GTG XCT 5WNVCP -/ 44 2T·IGUEJY·EJG WPF NGKEJVGT &QRRGNUEJNCI <CKPGPFG WPF 4CPFHGJNGT UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP

&CU /ÒP\\GKEJGP \GKIV FGP WPVGTGP $QIGP FGU $WEJUVCDGP C[P UVGVU WPVGT $GTÒJTWPI FGU \WO $WEJUVCDGP PÑP XQP KDP IGJÌTKIGP FKEMGP 2WPMVGU KP GKPG 5EJNGKHG HQTVIGUGV\V &CU MCPP CNU OÄO T³ TGCNKUKGTV YGTFGP WPF GTI·DG FCPP FGP 0COGP 7OCT

-WTWUJ * )ÒOÒqJ³PG /\\ C[P QJPG -CTVWUEJG /QPQITCOO FGU 0COGPU 7OCT! 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU XCTKKGTGPFG $GK\GKEJGP \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM 2GTG XCT 5WNVCP -/ 44 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT -WTWUJ ;KTOKNKM * )ÒOÒqJ³PG /\\ C[P QJPG -CTVWUEJG /QPQITCOO FGU 0COGPU 7OCT! 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCT TC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM XCT /\\ U³F 2GTG XCT /\\ V³ 5WNVCP -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP 0T

*CNDGT -WTWUJ ;KTOKNKM * )ÒOÒqJ³PG /\\ C[P QJPG -CTVWUEJG /QPQITCOO FGU 0COGPU 7OCT! 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCT TC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP 5VGORGNXCTKCPVG \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM I #TVWM XCT /\\ U³F 2GTG XCT /\\ V³ 5WNVCP -/ 4 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1058

1,5:1

8KGTVGN -WTWUJ 1PNWM * )ÒOÒqJ³PG /\\ C[P QJPG -CTVWUEJG /QPQITCOO FGU 0COGPU 7OCT! 6WIJTC OKV ITQGT $NÒVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCT TC[P ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ WGTUV UGNVGPGU 0QOKPCN 5GJT UEJÌP

MAHMÛD I.

1060

1059

6ÒTMGK -WRHGTOÒP\G

/CPIKT * $KVNÄU 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KO #X )GIGPUVGORGN OKV 6WIJTC FGUUGNDGP 5WNVCPU I -CDCMNCTNK $VN 44 /ÒP\G UEJÌP )GIGPUVGORGN GVYCU WPINGKEJO·KI WPF UGJT UEJÌP

+TCS 5KNDGTOÒP\G

$GUJNKM * $CIJF³F /\\ GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU QDGP /\\ I +UO³ ÄN )JCNKD #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ FKGUGU 'Z CDIGDKNFGV 44 -N &TWEMUVGNNG UGJT UEJÌP

1061

1,5:1

#\GTDCKFUEJCP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * )CPLC /\\ GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP 6WIJTC KP UGJT MNGKPGO 5VGORGN HÒT *CNDCD DCUK 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT QDGP FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP I #TVWM 2GTG XCT 5WNVCP XCT -/ #\GTDCKLCP 5GJT UGNVGPG 8CTKCPVG 5EJÌPG 5COONWPIURCVKPC UGJT UEJÌP

1063

1062

#DDCUK 1PNWM * )CPLC /\\ GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT QDGP FCU /ÒP\ \GKEJGP I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ #\GTDCKLCP 4 7PTGIGNO·KIGT 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * )CPLC /\\ GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT QDGP FCU /ÒP\ \GKEJGP $GKFGTUGKVU ITÌGTG 5VGORGN I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ #\GTDCKLCP 4 (NCWG 5VGNNG KP FGT /KVVG UGJT UEJÌP

1064

1065

1,5:1

)GQTIKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * 6KHNÄU 6DKNKUK /\\ GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4G IKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP #XGTUUVGORGN XQP OKVVNGTGT )TÌG I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 'VYCU FG\GPVTKGTV UGJT UEJÌP

#DDCUK 1PNWM * 6KHNÄU 6DKNKUK /\\ GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4G IKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP ITQGT #XGTUUVGORGN I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM 1MVQDGT 0T

MAHMÛD I.

1067

1066

I[RVGP )QNFOÒP\GP

#NVKP <KPLKTNK #NVKP * ÒDGT * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO OÄO URKGIGNU[OOGVTKUEJ IGMTGW\V QDGP KO 4GX J³ NKPMU PGDGP FGO &CVWO 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&GT 4GXGTUUVGORGN UVGNNV \YGKHGNUQJPG FKG ªDGTPCJOG GKPGU CNVGP 5VGORGNU FGU #JOCF +++ FCT YQDGK PKEJV PWT FKG ,CJTGU\CJN IG·PFGTV UQPFGTP CWEJ FCU /ÒP\\GKEJGP J³ PCEJVT·INKEJ KP FGP 5VGORGN IGUEJPKVVGP YWTFG &KGUGU UGNVGPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP KUV CNUQ CP FGP #PHCPI FGT -CKTKPGT )QNFRT·IWPI /CJOÑFU + \W UGV\GP

#NVKP <KPLKTNK #NVKP * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO OÄO URKGIGNU[OOGVTKUEJ IGMTGW\V QDGP KO 4GX 1JPG <GKEJGP PGDGP FGO &CVWO 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV I 5NI (QPTQDGTV +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1069

1068

1070

#NVKP <KPLKTNK #NVKP * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO OÄO URKGIGNU[OOGVTKUEJ IGMTGW\V KP (QTO XQP FTGK 4KPIGNP QDGP KO 4GX PÑP NKPMU PGDGP FGO &CVWO 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

#NVKP <KPLKTNK #NVKP * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO OÄO URKGIGNU[OOGVTKUEJ IGMTGW\V QDGP KO 4GX 9CNK <GKEJGP UÄP TGEJVU PGDGP FGO &CVWO HÒT 5WNC[OCP 2³UJ³ CN #\O 9CNK * 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV I 5NI (QPTQDGTV +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 'VYCU FG\GPVTKGTV HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

CU 5CYK 5 JCV WPVGT 8GTYGKU CWH FKG XQP FGO -CKTKPGT /ÒP\OGKUVGT WPVGT 0CRQNGQP 5COWGN $GTPCTF KP FGT &GUETKRVKQP F 'I[RVG ÒDGTNKGHGTVG #WHNÌUWPI FGU /ÒP\\GKEJGPU UÄP GTUVOCNU GKPG &CVKGTWPI FKGUGT 2T·IWPIGP IGNKGHGTV

#NVKP <KPLKTNK #NVKP * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO OÄO URKGIGNU[OOGVTKUEJ IGMTGW\V QDGP KO 4GX UÄP TGEJVU PGDGP FGO &CVWO HÒT 5WNC[O³P 2³UJ³ CN #\O 9CNK * 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT -NGKPGTG 5VGORGN IGT·PFGNV I 5NI (QPTQDGTV +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& &TGK 5EJÒTHUVGNNGP CO 4CPF MNGKPGT -TCV\GT UQPUV 5VGORGNINCP\ WPF DGUQPFGTU IWVG #WURT·IWPI

1,5:1

*CNDGT #NVKP 0KUHK[[G QFGT ;CTKO <KPLKTNK #NVKP * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO OÄO URKGIGNU[O OGVTKUEJ IGMTGW\V QDGP KO 4GX QJPG <GKEJGP PGDGP FGO &CVWO 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·P FGNV ITQGT 5EJTÌVNKPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1073

1071

1072

1073

*CNDGT #NVKP 0KUHK[[G QFGT ;CTKO <KPLKTNK #NVKP * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO OÄO URKGIGNU[O OGVTKUEJ IGMTGW\V KP (QTO XQP FTGK 4KPIGNP QDGP KO 4GX PÑP NKPMU PGDGP FGO &CVWO 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV MNGKPGT 5EJTÌVNKPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX J³ ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

MAHMÛD I.

1074

1076

1077

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ IJC[P NKPMU PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX J³ ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM 2GTG XCT )QTP[ #WMVKQP 0T -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ [³ CNKH TGEJVU PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX yC[P KP -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ [³ CNKH TGEJVU PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX YKG XQTJGT yCKP KP -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP LGFQEJ FKG -CTVWUEJG CU[OOGVTKUEJ 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT )QTP[ #WMVKQP 0T -/ )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO TGEJVU PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1078

1075

1079

1080

1081

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO TGEJVU PGDGP HÄ WPF F³N TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&KGUGP WPF FKG HQNIGPFGP <GT K OCJDÑD MÌPPGP YKT CP FGP $GIKPP FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV FGU /CJOÑF + NGIGP FC FCU 9CNK\GKEJGP UEJQP WPVGT FGO XQTJGTKIGP 5WNVCP DGNGIV KUV WPF FCJGT FGO -ÌRTÒNÒ\CFG #DF CNN³J \WIGQTFPGV YGT FGP MCPP &GO GPVURTKEJV CWEJ FKG +PHQTOCVKQP DGK CU 5³YÄ 5 PCEJ FGO %JTQPKUVGP #JOCF -GVMJQFC YQPCEJ FKG 8GTTKPIGTWPI FGU )GYKEJVU FGT 6WITCNK XQO (KPFKSNK 5VCPFCTF CWH FGP 5VCPFCTF FGU <GT K OCJDÑD F J 8QP CWH I )GYKEJV WPVGT FGO 9CNK #DF CNN³J WPOKVVGNDCT \W #PHCPI FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV FGU PGWGP 5WNVCPU XQNN\Q IGP YWTFG

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO TGEJVU PGDGP HÄ WPF F³N TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP QHHGPDCT IG·PFGTV CWU CPFGTGO /ÒP\\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT #XGTUUVGORGN KFGPVKUEJ OKV FGO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& -CWO UKEJVDCTG *GPMGNURWT XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO TGEJVU PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP KP GKPGT -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·P FGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ OÄO TGEJVU PGDGP HÄ WPF F³N CNKH TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP KP GKPGT -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

MAHMÛD I.

1083

1082

1084

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ MJ³ CNKH TGEJVU PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ XCT )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ KPKVKCNGU J³ TGEJVU PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ XCT )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP GKPHC EJGT -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV MNGKPGTGT 5VGORGN WPF 5EJTÌVNKPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1086

1085

1087

1088

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ YKG XQTJGT 5VGORGNXCTKCPVG QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV MNGKPGTGT 5VGORGN WPF 5EJTÌVNKPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP GKPHC EJGT -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT QJPG DGINGKVGPFG -PQVGP 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV ITÌGTGT 5VGORGN WPF 5EJTÌVNKPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 9KP\ 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ KO #X TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG UGEJU DN·VVTKIG $NÒVG <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX C[P KP KUQNKGTVGT (QTO QJPG -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV MNGKPGTGT 5VGORGN WPF 5EJTÌVNKPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& (CUUWPIUURWT UGJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX C[P KP KUQNKGTVGT (QTO QJPG -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV ITÌGTGT 5VGORGN WPF 5EJTÌVNKPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1089

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX C[P KP KUQNKGTVGT (QTO QJPG -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV ITÌGTGT 5VGORGN I +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 <K[PGV 2T·IWPI CWH DGUQPFGTU ITQGO 5EJTÌVNKPI FCJGT IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

MAHMÛD I.

1090

1092

1091

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX T³ CNKH ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ F³N NKPMU PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX T³ CNKH ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ C[P NKPMU PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX T³ CNKH ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 9KP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ C[P NKPMU PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX T³ CNKH ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 6TGOQNKGTUVKEJ \WT )QNFRTÒHWPI KO #X UQPUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

1094

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX T³IJKD OKV HGJNGPFGO 2WPMV CWH FGO $WEJUVCDGP IJCKP HÒT 4CIJKD /WJCOOCF 9CNK * ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG -/ )1.& 9KP\ 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF 5VGORGNINCP\

1096

1,5:1

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ WPF QJPG 9GTVDG\GKEJPWPI PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX GKP GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ # )1.& 44 'VYCU IGYGNNV HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

1,5:1

1095

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX T³IJKD HÒT 4CIJKD /WJCOOCF 9CNK * ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG -/ )1.& 4GXGTU OKPKOCN FG\GPVTKGTV HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

1,5:1

1093

1097

1,5:1

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ CKP NKPMU PGDGP HÄ WPF QJPG 9GTVDG\GKEJPWPI PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX J³ KP KUQNKGTVGT (QTO ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 44 5VGORGNINCP\

MAHMÛD I.

1098

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ WPF OKV 9GTVDG\GKEJPWPI PKUHÄ[C PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX T³IJKD HÒT 4CIJKD /WJCOOCF 9CNK * ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 4 'VYCU IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP

&GT #XGTUUVGORGN FKGUGT WPF FGT PCEJHQNIGPFGP KPVGTGUUCPVGP 2T·IWPI OKV FGO XQNNGP 0COGP FGU 9CNK KUV XQP DGUQPFGTGO +PVGTGUUG YGKN FKG 0QOKPCNDG\GKEJPWPI FGU *CNDUVÒEMU PKUHÄ[C XQP GKPGO WPIGÒDVGP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT PCEJVT·INKEJ KP FGP 5VGORGN GKPIGUEJPKVVGP YQTFGP KUV 'U KUV NGKEJV PCEJXQNN\KGJDCT FCUU FGT WP\WTGKEJGPFG )TÌ GPWPVGTUEJKGF \YKUEJGP FGP ICP\GP WPF JCNDGP <GT K OCJDÑD \W CDUKEJVNKEJGP YKG WPCDUKEJVNKEJGP 8GTYGEJUGNWP IGP HÒJTGP MQPPVG &WTEJ *KP\WUGV\WPI FGU 9GTVGU MQPPVG UKEJ FKG FCU 2TQDNGO XGTWTUCEJGPFG /ÒP\UV·VVG \WOKP FGUV \GKEJGPJCHV GZMWNRKGTGP (ÒT FKG 4GMQPUVTWMVKQP FGT <WQTFPWPI FGT 9CNK\GKEJGP CWH FGP ·I[RVKUEJGP /ÒP\GP KUV GU XQP $GNCPI FCUU YKT JKGT FGP <GKVRWPMV FGT 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT 9GTVDG\GKEJPWPI \WOKPFGUV ITQD FCVKGTGP MÌPPGP FC FKG $WEJUVCDGP J³ )JCNKD WPF CKP KP -CTVWUEJG U WPVGP FGOPCEJ QHHGPDCT XQP 0CEJHQNIGTP FGU 4³IJKD /WJCOOCF P·ONKEJ #JOCF 2CUJC * WPF FGUUGP 0CEJHQNIGT #DF CNNCJ 2³UJ³ DGPWV\V YWTFGP &GT XQTNKGIGPFG 5VGORGN KUV HÒT FKG #WHNÌUWPI FGT /ÒP\\GKEJGP CWEJ PQEJ KPUQHGTP XQP $GNCPI CNU FCUU GKP CPFGTGU \WXQT KO 5VGORGN DGHKPFNKEJGU <GKEJGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC KO 5VGORGN GPVHGTPV YQTFGP KUV &KGUGU XGTOWVNKEJ 8 HÌTOKIG <GKEJGP Y·TG FGOPCEJ CWEJ OKV KTIGPFGKPGT CFOKPKUVTCVKXGP $GFGWVWPI DGUGV\V IGYGUGP

1099

1,5:1

<K[PGV #DUEJNCI KP )GYKEJV WPF )TÌG GKPGU FQRRGNVGP <GT K OCJDÑD OKV LGYGKNU \YGK PGDGPGKPCPFGT NKGIGPFGP 2T·IWPIGP XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU XQTJGTIGJGPFGP *CNDGP <GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT

-CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ WPF OKV 9GTVDG\GKEJPWPI PKUHÄ[C PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX T³IJKD HÒT 4CIJKD /WJCOOCF 9CNK * ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV 6JQOCU 0WOKUOCVKE %KTEWNCT #RTKN WPF 5GXIK )ÌPÒN *CVKTC 5C[iUi 5 LGYGKNU FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT I #TVWM \W )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 444 #O 4CPFG GVYCU IGYGNNV IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP <K[PGVRT·IWPIGP YWTFGP KO QUOCPKUEJGP I[RVGP KO ,CJTJWPFGTV UVGVU CWH ÒDGTITQGP 5EJTÌVNKPIGP OKV PQT OCNGP /ÒP\UVGORGNP IGRT·IV KO )GIGPUCV\ \W -QPUVCPVKPQRGN YQ JKGTHÒT DGUQPFGTG 5VGORGN XGTYGPFGV YWTFGP 'KP YGKVGTGU INGKEJCTVKIGU 'ZGORNCT FGTUGNDGP 5VGORGN DGHCPF UKEJ KP FGT DGK 5EJWNOCP #OUVGTFCO XGTUVGK IGTVGP 5COONWPI .QTF )TCPVNG[ 0T 'U YWTFG FQTV CNU 2TQDGRT·IWPI HÒT FGP PGWGP 5VCPFCTF FGU <GT K OCJ DÑD DG\GKEJPGV YCU YQJN MCWO TKEJVKI UGKP MCPP \WOCN FKG INGKEJCTVKIG .QEJWPI FKG <K[PGVXGTYGPFWPI PCEJYGKUV

1100

ex 1101

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ PGDGP HÄ WPF OKV 9GTVDG\GKEJPWPI PKUHÄ[C PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX C[P KP -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 4 5GJT UEJÌP

.QV XQP /C[FKP * /KUT -CKTQ CNNG OKV #WUPCJOG XQP \YGK DGUUGTGP 5VÒEMGP IGNQEJV QHV OGJTHCEJ 'KPU FGT DGKFGP DGUUGTGP 5VÒEMG CWH #MEGIGYKEJV DGUEJPKVVGP 5VÒEM )GTKPI GTJCNVGP DKU UGJT UEJÌP

I[RVGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

MAHMÛD I.

1102

1,5:1

6WPGUKGP )QNFOÒP\G

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I +UOC ÄN )J³NKD 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 'VYCU IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ + #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP

1104

ex 1105

ex 1103

6WPGUKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

1PNWM 4K[³N 8CTKCPVGP WPF * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P YC MJ³S³P CN DCJTC[P CU UWNV³P /CJOÑF KDP 4X /WUVCH³ MJ³P C\\C PCUTCJW FWTKDC HÄ 2T·IGLCJT 6ÑPKU \W FGP 5GKVGP FGU 0COGPU #JOCF LG GKP 5VGTP WPF I #TVWM 2GTG

* 5WNVCP WPF * (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P /CJOÑF 4U 2T·IGLCJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG I #TVWM 2GTG (GPKPC -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P /CJOÑF 4U 2T·IGLCJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF I #TVWM 2GTG (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

ex 1108

ex 1107

ex 1106

-JCTTÑDC 8CTKCPVGP WPF 6ÑPKU UWNV³P /CJOÑF 4U 2T·IGLCJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF I #TVWM 2GTG (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

-JCTTÑDC 8CTKCPVGP WPF 6ÑPKU UWNV³P /CJOÑF 4U 2T·IGLCJT WPF /ÒP\ UV·VVG FCU 2T·IGLCJT WPVGP WPF I #TVWM 2GTG (GPKPC -/ WPF 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

-JCTTÑDC 8CTKCPVGP 6ÑPKU UWNV³P /CJOÑF 4U /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT WPF I #TVWM 2GTG (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

1109

1,5:1

1110

1,5:1

-JCTTÑDC * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P /CJOÑF 4U /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM 2GTG (GPKPC -/ # WGTUV UGNVGP 5GJT UEJÌP

-WRHGT $WTDKP 3CHUÄ * 6ÑPKU FCTD UCPC 4X HÄ 6ÑPKU I (GPKPC -/ 4 &TKVVGN UEJNGEJV CWUIGRT·IV UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP

MAHMÛD I.

1111

1113

1112

1,5:1

#NIGTKGP )QNFOÒP\GP

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X (QTVUGV\WPI FGU 5GIGPUYWPUEJGU /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO ÒDGT FGO 9QTV HÄ GKP GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP I 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 4 <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV DTGKVGT 5EJTÌVNKPI UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

1114

1116

1115

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X (QTVUGV\WPI FGU 5GIGPUYWPUEJGU /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO ÒDGT FGO 9QTV HÄ GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I +UOC ÄN )J³NKD 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 4 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X (QTVUGV\WPI FGU 5GIGPUYWPUEJGU /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO ÒDGT FGO 9QTV HÄ GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I +UOC ÄN )J³NKD #TVWM 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP *CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X (QTVUGV\WPI FGU 5GIGPUYWPUEJGU /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO ÒDGT FGO 9QTV HÄ GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

8KGTVGN 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I +UOC ÄN )J³NKD 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 44 )GNQEJV RCTVKGNNG 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 44 <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

1118

1,5:1

1117

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

1119

1,5:1

8KGTVGN 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 44 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

UTHMÂN III.

7VJO³P +++ * #&

&GT CWHITWPF FGT #PEKGPPVK·V PCEJ /CJOÑF + OKV ,CJTGP FCU 5WNVCPCV GTNCPIGPFG $TWFGT 7VJO³P +++ YCT KO 7PVGTUEJKGF \W UGKPGP 8QTI·PIGTP CP FGT &WTEJUGV\WPI GKPGU QTVJQFQZGP +UNCOU KPVGTGUUKGTV KP FGO FKG VTCFKVKQPGNN UVCTMGP 4GEJVG FGT #PIGJÌTKIGP XQP 5EJWV\TGNKIKQPGP \WTÒEMIGUVGNNV YWTFGP 0CEJ FGO 8QTDKNF FGU #DDCUKFGPMCNKHGP CN /WVCYCMMKN QFGT FGU (CVKOKFGP CN *CMKO XGTUWEJVG GT PKEJV PWT GKPG -NGKFGTQTFPWPI HÒT %JTKUVGP WPF ,WFGP FWTEJ\WUGV\GP UQPFGTP XGTDQV CWEJ FGP 9GKPCWUUEJCPM KP 6CXGTPGP WPF GTNCWDVG FCU #WHVTGVGP XQP (TCWGP KP FGT ¤HHGPVNKEJMGKV PWT KP XÌNNKIGT 8GTOWOOWPI +O ªDTKIGP VTCV GT RGTUÌPNKEJ YGPKI KP FGT RQNKVKUEJGP ¤HHGPVNKEJMGKV JGTXQT UQPFGTP NGDVG YKG KP UGKPGT 2TKP\GP\GKV TGEJV \WTÒEMIG\QIGP KO *CTGO &QEJ OKV GKPGT YGUGPVNKEJGP 'PVUEJGKFWPI GTJCPFGNVG UKEJ FGT 5WNVCP FCU WPGKPIGUEJT·PMVG .QD FGT *KUVQTKMGT PCEJHQNIGPFGT ,CJTJWPFGTVG P·ONKEJ OKV FGT 'TPGP PWPI FGU 4³IJKD /WJCOOCF \WO )TQYGUKT KO NGV\VGP ,CJT UGKPGT PWT MWT\GP FTGKL·JTKIGP 4GIKGTWPIU \GKV &GT JQEJIGDKNFGVG WPF FGO 5VCCV IGIGPÒDGT NQ[CNG 4³IJKD /WJCOOCF JCVVG \WP·EJUV CNU ō1TKGPV WPF (KPCP\URG\KCNKUVŋ KP FGP 8GTYCNVWPIGP $CIJFCFU #\GTDC[LCPU WPF #NGRRQU 'THCJTWPIGP UCOOGNP MÌPPGP WPF YCT FCPP CNU 9³NÄ XQP #NGRRQ WPF -CKTQ FCFWTEJ CWHIGHCNNGP FCUU GT UKEJ DGK GTHQNITGKEJGT 8GTYCNVWPI MGKPG (GKPFG UQPFGTP PWT (TGWPFG OCEJVG ªDGT KJP YKTF DGTKEJVGV FCUU GT IGTPG KP -CKTQ IGDNKGDGP Y·TG YGPP PKEJV FKG 0QVYGPFKIMGKV FKGUGP KOOGT O·EJVKIGT YGTFGPFGP /CPP \W MQPVTQNNKGTGP KJO FGP $GHGJN CWH FCU JÌEJUVG #OV FGT 8GTYCN VWPI GKPIGDTCEJV J·VVG &KG QUOCPKUEJG 0WOKUOCVKM XGTFCPMV FGO )TQYGUKT FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT ,CJTGU FCVKGTWPI FGT QUOCPKUEJGP /ÒP\GP YGNEJG KP -TCHV VTCV CNU 7VJO³P +++ CO 1MVQDGT UVCTD

1120

6ÒTMGK )QNFOÒP\GP

#NVKP DGq CNVKPNKM * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ KPKVKCNGU J³ KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI W C #TCDGUMGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 )GJGPMGNV WPF IGUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP 57

UTHMÂN III.

1121

NVGTG $CUCT QFGT 5COONGTKOKVCVKQP FGU #NVKP ÒE CNVKPNKM * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ KPKVKC NGU J³ KP -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI W C #TCDGUMGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I <W #TVWM \W 2GTG ;-$ -/ )1.& 1JPG .QEJWPI *GPMGNURWT QFGT (CUUWPIUURWT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

1DYQJN FKG 2T·IWPI WPF 4·PFGNWPI VGEJPKUEJ FGP 1TKIKPCNGP GPVURTKEJV YGKUV FKG 6WIJTC KP FGT 9KGFGTICDG FGU 8CVGTUPCOGPU /WUVCHC GKPG CWH 7PXGTUV·PFPKU DCUKGTGPFG (GFGTHÒJTWPI CWH 5Q YKTF FKGUGU 5VÒEM JKGT VTQV\ UGKPGT 2TQXGPKGP\ PKEJV CNU 1TKIKPCN CPIGDQVGP

1,5:1

1122

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ D³ CNKH 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5GJT UGNVGPGU /ÒP\\GKEJGP HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

1123

1124

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ J³ KP KUQNKGTVGT (QTO 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 5VGORGNINCP\

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ J³ KP KUQNKGTVGT (QTO 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN I +UOC KN )J³NKD #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 <YGKOCN IGNQEJV NGKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

1125

1,5:1

1125

6ÒTMGK 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

-WTWUJ * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KUQNKGTVGU J³ QJPG -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU /\\ ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 444 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ .QPFQP 0T

UTHMÂN III.

1126

1,5:1

*CNDMWTWUJ ;KTOKNKM * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KUQNKGTVGU J³ QJPG -CTVW UEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU /\\ ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 444 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1127

1129

8KGTVGNMWTWUJ 1PNWM * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KUQNKGTVGU J³ QJPG -CTVW UEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU /\\ ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT /\\ D³ 5WNVCP -/ 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGNMWTWUJ 1PNWM * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KUQNKGTVGU D³ QJPG -CTVW UEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU /\\ ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM XCT 2GTG 5WNVCP XCT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGNMWTWUJ 1PNWM * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ D³ CNKH QJPG -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU /\\ ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM XCT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP

1130

1128

ex 1131

ex 1132

$GUJNKM * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KUQNKGTVGU J³ QJPG -CTVWUEJG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU /\\ ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG XCT /\\ D³ 5WNVCP -/ 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KUQNKGTVGU J³ D³ D³ CNKH U³F 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCU /\\ NKPMU PGDGP FGO ,CJT WPF I #TVWM 2GTG /\\ D³ CNKH 5WNVCP HH -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

#MEG * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN /\\ KUQNKGTVGU J³ D³ WPF D³ CNKH 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCU /\\ NKPMU PGDGP FGO ,CJT WPF I #TVWM 2GTG /\\ D³ 5WNVCP WPF -/ 5VÒEM 'KPOCN IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

UTHMÂN III.

1133

1134

2:1

5CWFK #TCDKGP 1UVCTCDKGP -WRHGTOÒP\GP

(CNU * #T CT CU UWNV³P WVJO³P XQP WPVGP PCEJ QDGP \W NGUGP 4X C\\C PCUTCJW! CT CT I 7PRWDNK\KGTV 444 5GJT UEJÌP

1135

1,5:1

I[RVGP )QNFOÒP\GP

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /\\ KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX UÄP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 'XGPVWGNN HÒT FGP /CONWMGPDGI *WUCKP $GI CU 5³DÑPLÄ WPVGT #NÄ 2³UJ³ *CMÄO\³FG * 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I )JCNKD XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5GJT UGNVGPGU /ÒP\\GKEJGP 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ .QPFQP 0T

1136

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ OKV /\\ C[P \YKUEJGP FGO 9QTV HÄ WPF FGT 6WIJTC KO #X <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX UCF ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP (ÒT /WUVCH³ 2³UJ³ * 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I )JCNKD 2GTG #TVWM -/ )1.& 4 5VGORGNINCP\

<WT #WHNÌUWPI FGU 9CNK\GKEJGPU UKGJG FKG CWUHÒJTNKEJG &KUMWUUKQP FGT <GKEJGP WPVGT 7VJO³P +++ DGK CU 5CYK 5 H

1,5:1

1137

1,5:1

I[RVGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

2CTC! QFGT \GKVIGP (·NUEJWPI GKPGU JCNDGP <GT K OCJDÑD * KP 5KNDGT /KUT -CKTQ <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK KO 4GX U³F ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN I #NU 5KNDGTOÒP\G WPGFKGTV &QRRGNV IGNQEJV UEJÌP

UTHMÂN III.

ex 1138

2CTC * /KUT -CKTQ /\\ C[P VGKNU XCTKKGTGPFG 'ZGORNCTG 6WIJTC 4X /\\ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ FC\W \YGK 2CTC FGT /\UV 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C 5VÒEM /GKUV IGNQEJV UEJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

1139

#NIGTKGP )QNFOÒP\GP

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO PCEJ FGO 0COGP CNU /ÒP\\GKEJGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP 4X 6KVGN /ÒP\\GKEJGP GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP I 2GTG XCT ;-$ * -/ )1.& 4 )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

1140

1,5:1

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO PCEJ FGO 0COGP CNU /ÒP\\GKEJGP GKP 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU 4X 6KVGN /ÒP\\GKEJGP YKG KO #X I 2GTG XCT #TVWM -/ )1.& 4 <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1141

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X (QTVUGV\WPI FGU 5G IGPUYWPUEJGU /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO /ÒP\\GKEJGP 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU I +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG * -/ )1.& 4 5GJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

1142

1,5:1

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X (QTVUGV\WPI FGU 5G IGPUYWPUEJGU /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO /ÒP\\GKEJGP 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU I 2GTG * -/ )1.& 44 <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ III.

/WUVCH³ +++ * #&

#NU /WUVCH³ +++ \WT 4GIKGTWPI MCO DNKGDGP FKG $GFKPIWPIGP Y·JTGPF FGU GTUVGP ,CJT\GJPVU IÒPUVKI &KG CWH -QPHNKMVXGTOGKFWPI WPF KPPGTG 'PVYKEMNWPI \KGNGPFG 8GTYCNVWPI /WJCOOCF 4³IJKDU MQPPVG DKU \W FGUUGP 6QF HQTVIGUGV\V YGTFGP +PUDGUQPFGTG IGNCPI GU KJO UKEJ CWU FGO GTUVGP KPVGTMQPVK PGPVCN KP -CPCFC +PFKGP WPF &GWVUEJNCPF CWUIGVTCIGPGP -QPHNKMV FGT 9GNVIGUEJKEJVG FGO 5KGDGPL·JTK IGP -TKGI JGTCWU\WJCNVGP QDYQJN 'PINCPF WPF FCU CWHUVTGDGPFG 2TGWGP FCU 1UOCPKUEJG 4GKEJ IGTPG CP KJTGT 5GKVG IGIGP FKG *CDUDWTIGT WPF (TCPMTGKEJ IGUGJGP J·VVGP 'KP 'TIGDPKU FKGUGU -TKGIGU CDGT MQPPVG FCU 1UOCPKUEJG 4GKEJ PKEJV WPDGVTQHHGP NCUUGP &KG RQNKVKUEJG #PP·JGTWPI 2TGWGPU WPF 4WUU NCPFU YGNEJG FKG 9CJN GKPGU )GNKGDVGP FGT TWUUKUEJGP <CTKP -CVJCTKPC 5VCPKUNCWU #WIWUV 2QPKC VQYUMK \WO -ÌPKI KP 2QNGP GTOÌINKEJVG &CFWTEJ YWTFG 4WUUNCPFU 2QUKVKQP IGIGPÒDGT FGO 1UOCPK UEJGP 4GKEJ OCUUKX IGUV·TMV )NGKEJ\GKVKI UWEJVGP 8GTVTGVGT FGU RQNPKUEJGP #FGNU WO QUOCPKUEJG 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI WPF )TGP\\YKUEJGP H·NNG HÒJTVGP \WT -TKGIUGTMN·TWPI IGIGP 4WUUNCPF &GP 4WUUGP IGNCPI GU XKGT UGRCTCVG (TQPVGP CWH\WDCWGP +O -CWMCUWU CWH FGT -TKO CP FGT /QNFCW WPF FGT 9CNCEJGK UQYKG GTUVOCNU FWTEJ FKG 8GTNGIWPI GKPGT (NQVVG WPVGT FGO #FOKTCN 1TNQHH XQP FGT 1UVUGG KPU /KVVGNOGGT &GT CWH QUOCPKUEJGT 5GKVG FKNGVVCPVKUEJ IGHÒJTVG (GNF\WI GTYKGU UKEJ CNU TGKPGU &GUCUVGT &CU TWUUKUEJG 8QTIGJGP YCT \WFGO CP CNNGP (TQPVGP XQP IGUEJKEMVGP FKRNQOCVKUEJGP $GOÒJWPIGP DGINGKVGV KP FGP TGIKQPCNGP *GTT UEJCHVUUVTWMVWTGP 8GTDÒPFGVG \W HKPFGP 5Q UCJ UKEJ FGT QUOCPKUEJG MTKOVCVCTKUEJG 8CUCNN -CRN³P )KT³[ RNÌV\NKEJ GKPGO (COKNKGPOKVINKGF 5³JKD )KT³[ IGIGPÒDGT FGT OKV TWUUKUEJGT *KNHG FKG IGUCOVG -TKO MQPVTQNNKGTVG &KG (NQVVG KO /KVVGNOGGT JCVVG KP FGO CDVTÒPPKIGP VUEJGTMGUUKUEJGP /CONWMGPGOKT #NÄ $GI GKPGP 8GTDÒPFGVGP KP I[RVGP WPF 2CN·UVKPC 1TNQHH IGNCPI GU \YCT FKG QUOCPKUEJG /KVVGNOGGT HNQVVG KP $TCPF \W UEJKGGP FQEJ VGTTKVQTKCNG 'THQNIG YCTGP HÒT 4WUUNCPF KP FGT I·KU GDGPUQ YGPKI \W GTTGKEJGP YKG GKP 8QTUVQ ÒDGT FKG &CTFCPGNNGP IGIGP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN 5Q YWTFG FKG TWUUKUEJG (NQVVG UEJNKGNKEJ FWTEJ FKG KPVCMVGP (NQVVGP FGT QUOCPKUEJGP /CIJTGDN·PFGT CWU FGO /KVVGNOGGT XGTVTKGDGP &KG 'THQNIG 4WUUNCPFU IGH·JTFGVGP CDGT FCU GWTQR·KUEJG )NGKEJIGYKEJV FGT /·EJVG UQ FCUU YKT GTUVOCNU JCDUDWTIKUEJG 6TWRRGP CNU 8GTDÒPFGVG FGU 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJU HKPFGP Y·JTGPF 2TGWGP WPF *CDUDWTI OKV FGT GTUVGP 6GKNWPI 2QNGPU 8GTUWEJG \WT 9KGFGTJGTUVGNNWPI FGU )NGKEJIGYKEJVU CWH -QUVGP 2QNGPU OCEJVGP 4WUUNCPF XGTUWEJVG WPVGT FKGUGP 7OUV·PFGP PKEJV YGKVGT IGIGP FCU <GPVTWO FGU 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJGU XQT\WFTKPIGP 'TUV ICD GU YGKVGTG TWUUKUEJG 8QTUVÌG KO -CWMCUWU WPF /WUVCH³ +++ UQNN UGNDGT FKG #DUKEJV IGJCDV JCDGP GKPGP (GNF\WI \W HÒJTGP 'T YWTFG CDGT MTCPM WPF UVCTD GPVYGFGT CO &G\GODGT QFGT ,CPWCT 62

MUSTAFÂ III.

1143

1144

1145

6ÒTMGK )QNFOÒP\GP

#NVKP Ò¼ (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKUHCU UWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT -CWO UKEJVDCTGU IGUVQRHVGU .QEJ (CUUWPIUURWTGP CO ·WGTGP 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP

#NVKP Ò¼ (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKUHCU UWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& $GUEJPKVVGP IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

#NVKP Ò¼ (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKUHCU UWPI /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT )GNQEJV WPF 4CPFUEJNCI UGJT UEJÌP

1146

1148

1147

#NVKP Ò¼ (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKUHCU UWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT )GNQEJV WPF *GPMGNURWT NGKEJV IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP

#NVKP Ò¼ (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKUHCU UWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& -CWO UKEJVDCTGU IGUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

#NVKP DKTDW¼WM (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKUHCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ III.

1149

1150

#NVKP DKTDW¼WM (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKUHCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

#NVKP DKTDW¼WM (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKUHCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

1,5:1

1151

#NVKP DKTDW¼WM (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKUHCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

1153

1152

#NVKP DKTDW¼WM (KPFKM QFGT FQRRGNVGT #NVKP * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKUHCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 )GNQEJV WPF IGYGNNV UGJT UEJÌP

&CU 0QOKPCN FKGUGU 5VÒEMU KUV CPIGUKEJVU FGT 6[RGPINGKEJJGKV FGT XGTUEJKGFGPGP 0QOKPCNG UEJYGT \W DGUVKOOGP FC FCU )GYKEJV \YKUEJGP FGO FGU HCEJGP WPF FQRRGNVGP #NVKP NKGIV &GT &WTEJOGUUGT NKGIV OKV OO FGWVNKEJ ÒDGT FGO FGT HCEJGP 5VÒEMG XQP OO ,GFQEJ YGTFGP CWEJ &QRRGNCNVKPU XQP I DGK +UOC KN )JCNKD WPF XQP 0WTK 2GTG OKV OO CPIGIGDGP &C HÒT FCU XQTNKGIGPFG 5VÒEM YGFGT GKP )GYKEJVUXGTNWUV FWTEJ FKG .QEJWPI VCVU·EJNKEJ &WTEJDQJTWPI CP\WPGJOGP KUV PQEJ GKPG )GYKEJVU\WPCJOG FKG GVYC FWTEJ .QV DGK (CU UWPIUURWTGP HGUVIGUVGNNV YGTFGP MCPP WPF CWEJ MGKPG +TTGIWNCTKV·V FGT *GTMWPHV FWTEJ UVKNKUVKUEJG #DYGKEJWPI DGITÒPFDCT Y·TG MCPP FCU PWT DGFGWVGP FCUU FKGUG /GJTHCEJCNVKPU CNU <K[PGVOÒP\GP PCEJ )GYKEJV IGPQOOGP YWTFGP $GNKGDKIG <YKUEJGPUVWHGP FGU ÒDGTYKGIGPF MNCT PQTOKGTVGP )GYKEJVU Y·TGP FCPP FGPMDCT

#NVKP DKTDW¼WM (KPFKM * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU HCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

1154

1,5:1

#NVKP (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

MUSTAFÂ III.

1155

1157

1156

1158

#NVKP (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP 8QT\ÒINKEJ

#NVKP (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ! DGTKGDGP UGJT UEJÌP

#NVKP (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ .QPFQP 0T

1159

1160

1161

#NVKP (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

#NVKP (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5RKPM <ÒTKEJ 0T

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U .QPFQP 0T

#NVKP (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

1162

1,5:1

#NVKP (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UGNVGPGU WPF DKUNCPI WPDGNGIVGU ,CJT )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ WPF (GNF GVYCU DGCTDGKVGV UQPUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

MUSTAFÂ III.

1163

1,5:1

1164

1,5:1

*CNDGT #NVKP 0KUHK[G * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ WPF GVYCU DGTKGDGP UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT #NVKP 0KUHK[G * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 5GJT UEJÌP

1165

1,5:1

1166

1167

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKG TWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 4 'VYCU HNCW UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKG TWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

1169

1171

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKG TWPIULCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ;-$ -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN XGTMÒT\VGU 2T·IGLCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

1170

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKG TWPIULCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& $TGKVGU 'ZGORNCT XQP INGKEJO·KIGT #WURT·IWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT .KUVG 5VGRJGP #NDWO 5CPVC 4QUC 0T

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKG TWPIULCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& /KPKOCN IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ

1168

MUSTAFÂ III.

1172

1173

1174

1175

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN XGTMÒT\VGU 2T·IGLCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& *GPMGNURWT IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN XGTMÒT\VGU 2T·IGLCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN XGTMÒT\VGU 2T·IGLCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& )GNQEJV XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN XGTMÒT\VGU 2T·IGLCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT .KUVG 5VGRJGP #NDWO 5CPVC 4QUC 0T

1176

1177

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN XGTMÒT\VGU 2T·IGLCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1178

1179

1180

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

MUSTAFÂ III.

1181

1183

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1184

1182

1186

1185

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN XGTMÒT\VGU 2T·IGLCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& $TGKVGT 5EJTÌVNKPI OKV MN 4CPFHGJNGT 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN XGTMÒT\VGU 2T·IGLCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1188

ex 1187

6ÒTMGK 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

&QRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPU YWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP ,CJT XQT\ÒINKEJ

&QRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP WPF = ? * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

MUSTAFÂ III.

ex 1190

ex 1189

ex 1191

&QRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJTG = ? 8CTKCPVGP * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPU PCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGT OKPFGTGP ,CJTGU\CJN ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM

,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM #NNG IWV CWUIGRT·IV XQT\ÒINKEJ WPF DGUUGT

<QNQVC * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP ,CJT -/ 5VÒEM &KG GTUVGP DGKFGP XQT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\ FCU FTKVVG 5VÒEM UGJT UEJÌP

<QNQVC * ,CJTG = ? 8CTKCPVGP KP FGT (QTO FGT WPF * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGT OKPFGTGP ,CJTGU\CJN ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV XQT\ÒINKEJ FCU GTUVG 5VÒEM FGU ,CJTGU XQT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

1192

ex 1193

*CNDGT <QNQVC * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKV VGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 44 *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP

-WTWUJ * ,CJT WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP GTUVGT <GKEJPWPI OKV MNGKPGO 5VGTP CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP WPF -/ 5VÒEM &CU GTUVG OKV 2T·IGUEJY·EJG WPF UGJT UEJÌP FCU \YGKVG XQP UEJCTHGT #WURT·IWPI WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

MUSTAFÂ III.

ex 1194

ex 1195

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT <GKEJPWPI KP \YGK 8CTKCP VGP QJPG $GK\GKEJGP KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU LG GKPOCN ÒDGTITQ WPF PQTOCN KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT ,CJT 5WNVCP OKV ITQGT ,CJTGU\CJN -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1196

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG = ? 5VGORGNXCTKCPVGP WPF UVGORGNINGKEJG 5VÒEMG KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGT )TÌG +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKG TWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG = ? <GKEJPWPIUXCTKCPVGP FGT 6WIJTC WPF 8CTKCPVGP OKV ITQGT WPF MNGKPGT 4X #WHUEJTKHV +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPK GPMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1198

1199 ex 1198

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG = ? 5VGORGNXCTKCPVGP 5VGORGNXCTKCPVGP WPF 5VGORGNXCTKCP VGP +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKG TWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM #NNG IWV CWUIGRT·IV WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

*CNDGT -WTWUJ ;KTOKNKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI QJPG $GK\GK EJGP KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 44 5EJÌP UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG

ex 1197

MUSTAFÂ III.

1200

1201

'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI /CE-GP\KG

1202

1,5:1

1202

1203

1204

1,5:1

*CNDGT -WTWUJ ;KTOKNKM * ,CJT = ? * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI QJPG $GK\GKEJGP KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X 2T·IGLCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG XCT ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ ,CJT PKEJV PCEJIGYKGUGP 44 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 5EJKOMC #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH /ÒPEJGP 0T

*CNDGT -WTWUJ ;KTOKNKM * ,CJT = ? * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI KP \YGK 8CTKCPVGP QJPG $GK\GKEJGP KP .KPKGP 2GTN WPF .KPKGPMTGKU 4X 2T·IGLCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ III.

1206

1205

1207

1208

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG

1210

1209

8KGTVGN -WTWUJ 1PNWM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP GTUVGT <GKEJPWPI QJPG $GK\GKEJGP KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCU UWPI I #TVWM XCT ,CJT 2GTG XCT ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5GNVGPGT GTUVGT 6[R )GNQEJV UEJÌP UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG

1209

MUSTAFÂ III.

ex 1211

8KGTVGN -WTWUJ 1PNWM * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP GTUVGT <GKEJPWPI OKV $GK\GKEJGP KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM XCT ,CJT 2GTG XCT ,CJT 5WNVCP WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN -WTWUJ 1PNWM * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI QJPG $GK\GKEJGP KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM XCT ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN -WTWUJ 1PNWM * ,CJTG = ? WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI QJPG $GK\GKEJGP KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X 2T·IGLCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM Z WPF XCT Z 2GTG XCT

,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 6GKNYGKUG GVYCU DGTKGDGP UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1214

ex 1213

ex 1212

ex 1215

ex 1214

,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM &CU <YGKVG XQT\ÒINKEJ FKG CPFGTGP IGNQEJV QFGT *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP

$GUJNKM * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI DGKO ,CJT OKV -PQVGP WPVGP NKPMU KP FGT 6WIJTC QJPG $GK\GKEJGP KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM XCT ,CJT 2GTG XCT ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 4 &KG GTUVGP DGKFGP UGJT UEJÌP FCDGK FCU GTUVG IGNQEJV FCU FTKVVG XQT\ÒINKEJ

&CU GTUVG WPF FTKVVG 5VÒEM 'ZGORNCTG FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG

ex 1216

ex 1217

ex 1216

$GUJNKM * ,CJTG = ? WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP FTKVVGT <GKEJPWPI QJPG $GK\GKEJGP KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X 2T·IGLCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP = ? WPF +UN³ODÑN

+UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT D\Y 2T·IGLCJT ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU IGNQEJV IGNQEJV IGNQEJV IGNQEJV WPF I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ WPF 5VÒEM 'KPKIG 5VÒEMG IGNQEJV OGKUV UGJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ III.

1218

1,5:1

1219

#MEG * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ D³ CNKH UWNV³P /WUVCH³ KDP #JOCF MJ³P D³ CNKH QFGT ! 4X C\\C PCUTCJW FWTKDC HÄ +UN³ODÑN I +UO³ ÄN )JCNKD 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 5VGORGNINCP\

#MEG * +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN /\\ D³ CNKH UWNV³P /WUVCH³ KDP #JOCF MJ³P D³ CNKH QFGT ! 4X C\\C PCUTCJW FWTKDC HÄ +UN³ODÑN I +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 5VGORGNINCP\

$GK -TCWUG /KUJNGT YKTF FKGUGT UGNVGPG #MEGV[R CNU OKV FGP ,CJTGP WPF XQTMQOOGPF IGHÒJTV +UO³ ÄN )JCNKD NCU ,CJT YQIGIGP 0WTK 2GTG MGKP 4GIKGTWPIU QFGT 2T·IGLCJT CPICD &CUU FKG &CVKGTWPI KP FCU ,CJT GKPG V[RQNQ IKUEJG 7PVGTDTGEJWPI FGU 6WIJTCV[RU KP FGT #MEGRT·IWPI FCTUVGNNGP YÒTFG YCT )JCNKD PQEJ PKEJV DGYWUUV FC GT FKG #MEG OKV FGT 6WIJTC GTUV CD ,CJT PCEJYGKUGP MQPPVG #WEJ YGPP CWH FGO QDKIGP 5VÒEM VCVU·EJNKEJ WPVGP KO #XGTU GKP FGT <KHHGT UGJT PCJG MQOOGPFGU <GKEJGP \W HKPFGP KUV UQ JCNVG KEJ GU HÒT YCJTUEJGKPNKEJGT FCUU FKGUGU <GKEJGP CNU D³ CNKH \W NGUGP KUV LGPGU /ÒP\\GKEJGP FCU CWEJ CO 'PFG FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV FGU 7VJO³P +++ KP -QP UVCPVKPQRGN 8GTYGPFWPI HCPF 5QOKV Y·TGP FKGUG #MEG CP FGP #PHCPI FGT 4GIKGTWPI /WUVCHCU \W FCVKGTGP 6CVU·EJ NKEJ ·JPGNV FCU <GKEJGP CWH FGO PCEJHQNIGPFGP 'ZGORNCT CWEJ OGJT FGP DGKFGP IGPCPPVGP $WEJUVCDGP CNU GKPGT <KHHGT 1D FKG <CJN VCVU·EJNKEJ GZKUVKGTV GTUEJGKPV \YGKHGNJCHV WPF UQNEJG /ÒP\GP UKPF QHHGPDCT DKUNCPI PKEJV CDIGDKNFGV YQTFGP

ex 1220

ex 1221

1222

#MEG * ,CJTG 'Z = ? WPF 'Z +UN³ODÑN

+UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT HÄ +UN³ODÑN WPF I UQYKG DGUEJPKVVGPG 2CTC I 2GTG

,CJT -/ UQYKG CWH #MEGIGYKEJV DGUEJPKVVGPG 2CTC ,CJTG ! 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP

1XCNGT /CPIKT * 8CP GKP ITQGU WPF GKP MNGKPGU 'ZGORNCT UWNV³P /WUVCH³ 4X FWTKDC HÄ 9³P WPF I 2GTG FQTV KTTVÒONKEJ CNU /\UV -JK\³P -CDCMNCTNK 9P -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP WPF UEJÌP

+TCM -WRHGTOÒP\G

(CNU Q , $CIJFCF 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG I -CDCMNCTNK $ IF -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

1223 1,5:1

1224 1,5:1

1,5:1

1225 1,5:1

1,5:1

5CWFK #TCDKGP -WRHGTOÒP\GP

4GEJVGEMKIGT (CNU ! * #T CT C\\C PCUTCJW KP 2GTNMTGKU 4X #T CT WPF ,CJT KP 2GTNMTGKU I 7PRWDNK\KGTV ! 44 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

4GEJVGEMKIGT (CNU * #T CT C\\C PCUTCJW KP 2GTNMTGKU 4X #T CT WPF ,CJT KP 2GTNMTGKU I 7PRWDNK\KGTV ! 44 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

1226

5[TKGP -WRHGTOÒP\G 74

(CNU /CPIKT * *CNCD 6WIJTC 4X FWTKDC HÄ *CNCD I 2GTG 5WNVCP H -CDCMNCTNK *ND -/ 4 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ III.

1227

1228

I[RVGP )QNFOÒP\GP

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ KO 4GX UÄP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK /WJCOOCF 5C ÄF * 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM \W 2GTG <K[PGV 2T·IWPI FKGUGU 6[RU -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ KO 4GX UÄP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK /WJCOOCF 5C ÄF * 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ OKV HGJNGPFGO JW KO 9QTV PCUTCJW /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM \W 2GTG <K[PGV 2T·IWPI FKGUGU 6[RU -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1230

1231

1229

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ IGPCW YKG XQTJGT LGFQEJ CPFGTG 5VGORGN QJPG /\\ KO #X KO 4GX UÄP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK /WJCOOCF 5C ÄF * 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPU YWPUEJ OKV HGJNGPFGO JW KO 9QTV PCUTCJW /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 4 <K[PGVRT·IWPI OKV DTGKVGO 4CPF YKG KOOGT IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ KO 4GX OÄO UCF ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK $³JKT -ÌUG /WUVCH³ * 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U .QPFQP 0T

1233

1232

1234

1232

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ KO 4GX OÄO UCF ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK $³JKT -ÌUG /WUVCH³ * WPF \WU·V\NKEJGU /ÒP\\GKEJGP UÄP OÄO CNKH CWEJ CNU D³ OÄO CNKH NGUDCT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 7P\KTMWNKGTV

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ KO 4GX PWT 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF MGKP <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN WPF 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT PWT OKV ,CJT #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

MUSTAFÂ III.

1235

1236

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ KO 4GX OKV 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK UÄP OÄO CNKH 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN WPF 4GIKGTWPIULCJT OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1238

1237

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ KO #X /ÒP\\GKEJGP D³ WPVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC WPF 4GX OKV 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK UÄP OÄO CNKH 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN WPF 4GIKGTWPIULCJT OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ KO 4GX OÄO UCF ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK $³JKT -ÌUG /WUVCH³ * 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP WPF 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG N )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& *GPMGNURWT XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1240 1239

1241

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ KO 4GX OÄO F³N ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK #JOCF 2³UJ³ -³OKN * 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN OKV 9CNK \GKEJGP WPF 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG N )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&KG +FGPVKHKMCVKQP FGU 9CNK\GKEJGPU HKPFGV UKEJ UQ KP FGT PGWGP 5VWFKG XQP #JOCF CU 5CYK 5 YQDGK GT FKG .GUWPI FGU 4GIKGTWPIULCJTGU CNU CNKH CPPCJO CNUQ CNKH OÄO F³N CNU -ÒT\GN HÒT #JOCF PWV\VG 'T FCVKGTVG FKG 2T· IWPI KP FCU ,CJT FC #JOCF 2³UJ³ IGIGP 'PFG FGU ,CJTGU GTPCPPV YQTFGP YCT WPF UEJQP DCNF FCTCWH YKGFGT CDIGUGV\V YWTFG <CODCWT FCVKGTV #JOCF FCIGIGP KP FCU ,CJT *

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ KO 4GX OÄO UCF CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK $³JKT -ÌUG /WUVCH³ * 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP WPF 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG N )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG XCT QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT -/ )1.& 4 &QRRGNV IGNQEJV MWT\GT 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

<GT K OCJDÑD /KUT -CKTQ KO 4GX OÄO UCF ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CNU <GKEJGP FGU 9CNK $³JKT -ÌUG /WUVCH³ * 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV KDP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF FGO XGTMÒT\VGP 2T·IGLCJT CO #PHCPI FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& -NGKPGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP &CU 2T·IGLCJT KUV KP CWHH·NNKI DTGKVGT .KPKGPHÒJTWPI IGUEJPKVVGP WPF FÒTHVG CWH GKPGO 7OUEJPKVV FGU YQJN ·NVGTGP 5VGORGNU DCUKGTGP 1D FCU 9CNK\GKEJGP PQEJ QFGT YKGFGT )ÒNVKIMGKV JCVVG OWUU PQEJ P·JGT WPVGTUWEJV YGTFGP

MUSTAFÂ III.

1242

1244

1243

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT GVE FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT GVE FCU XGTMÒT\VG 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT )1.& $TGKVGT 5EJTÌVNKPI 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT GVE FCU XGTMÒT\VG 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG 5VGORGNINGKEJ OKV FGO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT )1.& -NGKPGT 5EJTÌVNKPI 5VGORGNINCP\

&KG <GT K OCJDÑD 5VGORGN FGU PGWGP 6[RU YGKUGP GKPG UGJT XKGN XCTKCDNGTG 5EJTKHVUV·TMG CWU FKG FGWVNKEJ GKPG *GTMWPHV CWU -QPUVCPVKPQRGN XGTT·V

1,5:1

1245

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP CKP CNKH FGU 9CNK #NÄ $GI 5WNVCP UVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT GVE FCU XGTMÒT\VG 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG )GT·PFGNV OKV XÌNNKI CDIGPWV\VGP 'KUGP I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5GJT UGNVGPGU ,CJT -PCRRGT 5EJTÌVNKPI HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT .KUVG 5VGRJGP #NDWO 0T

&CU /ÒP\\GKEJGP KUV JKGT UKEJGT GTUV PCEJVT·INKEJ KP FGP XGTOWVNKEJ CWU -QPUVCPVKPQRGN IGNKGHGTVGP 5VGORGN ITCXKGTV QDYQJN FCHÒT MGKP CWUTGKEJGPFGT 4CWO \WT 8GTHÒIWPI UVCPF CU 5CYK MQOOGPVKGTV CWH 5 FKGUGU HTÒJG 8QTMQO OGP FGU /ÒP\\GKEJGPU FGU #NÄ $GI CNU 5VGNNXGTVTGVWPI FGU 9CNK FWTEJ KJP #NÄ YCT FCOCNU 3³ KOCS³O KP -CKTQ CNU FGT 9CNK /WJCOOCF 2³UJ³ 'PFG 5JC D³P * CDIGUGV\V YWTFG WPF FKG 2HQTVG HÒT FKG P·EJUVGP XKGT ,CJTG MGKPGP 0CEJHQNIGT DGPCPPVG #NÄ $GI HÒJTVG \WP·EJUV FGP 6KVGN /KT K .KYC WPF 3³ KOCS³O XQP I[RVGP

1247 1246

1248

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP C[P CNKH FGU #NÄ $GI *GTT XQP I[RVGP * 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT GVE FCU XGTMÒT\VG 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP 9QTV CN DCJT GKP 2WPMV WPF GKP -PQVGP )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP C[P CNKH FGU #NÄ $GI *GTT XQP I[RVGP * 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT GVE FCU XGTMÒT\VG 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP 9QTV CN DCJT GKP -PQVGP WPF TGEJVU GKP 2WPMV $GKFGTUGKVU 5VGORGNXCTKCPVG \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP C[P CNKH FGU #NÄ $GI *GTT XQP I[RVGP * 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT GVE FCU XGTMÒT\VG 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP 9QTV CN DCJT GKP <YGKI OKV \YGK $N·VVGTP )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM XCT 2GTG -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

MUSTAFÂ III.

1250

1249

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP GKPGU 9CNK 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT GVE FCU XGTMÒT\VG 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP 9QTV CN DCJT GKP *CNDMTGKU )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 4 -NGKPGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

&C MGKPG ·I[RVKUEJGP )QNFOÒP\GP OKV FGP &CVGP WPF * DGMCPPV UKPF FCTH CPIGPQOOGP YGTFGP FCUU FKG ,CJTGU\CJN Y·JTGPF FGU -TKGIGU FGU #NK $GI CNU #NNKKGTVGO 4WUUNCPFU IGIGP FCU 4GKEJ OKV WPXGT·PFGTVGO &CVWO KP FGP DGKFGP 0CEJHQNIGLCJTGP YGKVGTIGRT·IV YWTFG 1D FCU <GKEJGP FGU #NÄ $GI JKGT HQTVIGNCUUGP YWTFG YGKN FGT #WHUV·PFKUEJG YGIGP FGT -TKGIHÒJTWPI KP 2CN·UVKPC PKEJV OGJT FKG #WHUKEJV ÒDGT FKG /ÒP\UV·VVG KP -CKTQ HÒJTGP MQPPVG QFGT YGKN UGKPG *GTTUEJCHV KP I[RVGP FWTEJ UGKPGP 5EJYCIGT /WJCOOCF #DÑ &JCJCD PKEJV OGJT CPGTMCPPV YWTFG KUV GKPG QHHGPG (TCIG +P LGFGO (CNN KUV * CNU VCVU·EJNKEJGU 2T·IGLCJT YCJTUEJGKPNKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP GKPGU 9CNK 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCF T GVE FCU XGTMÒT\VG 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP 9QTV CN DCJT GKP MNGKPGU )CDGNDNCVV )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1251

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP GKPGU 9CNK 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT GVE FCU XGTMÒT\VG 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP 9QTV CN DCJT GKP MNGKPGU )CDGNDNCVV )GT·PFGNV I +UOC KN )JCNKD XCT #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5GJT UGNVGPGU ,CJT 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1,5:1

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP C[P CNKH FGU #NÄ $GI *GTT XQP I[RVGP * 5WNVCPUVKVGN WPF 0COG /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN F³TKD CP PCFT GVE FCU XGTMÒT\VG 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG WPVGT FGO NGV\VGP 9QTV CN DCJT GKP 2WPMV WPF GKP -PQVGP )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ .QPFQP 0T

1252

MUSTAFÂ III.

1253

I[RVGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

-WTWUJ * /KUT -CKTQ OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP C[P CNKH FGU #NÄ $GI *GTT XQP I[RVGP * 6WIJTC OKV 5VGTP 4X /ÒP\\GKEJGP FCPGDGP GKP -PQVGP /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF FCU ,CJT FGT 7PCDJ·P IKIMGKV FGU #NÄ $GI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 444 5GJT UEJÌP

1254

-WTWUJ * = ? /KUT -CKTQ OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP C[P CNKH FGU #NÄ $GI *GTT XQP I[RVGP * 6WIJTC QJPG 5VGTP 4X /ÒP\\GKEJGP FCPGDGP FCU 2T·IGLCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF FCU ,CJT FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV FGU #NÄ $GI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 444 5EJÌP UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1255

2CTC 0KUH HKFFC QFGT /C[FKP * /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP J³ CNKH ! CNKH WPF C[P CNKH 6WIJTC CWH FGP GTUVGP DGKFGP 5VÒEMGP OKV 5VGTP 4X /\\ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I WPF WPIGYQIGP 2GTG 5WNVCP WPF 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

1256

1,5:1

6WPGUKGP )QNFOÒP\GP

5WNVCPK * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN FCDGK FGT 6KVGN CU UWNV³P HGJNGTJCHV CNU CU UWV³P YKGFGTIGIGDGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM * 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1257

1258

1259

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I #TVWM * 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 )GNQEJV WPF RQNKGTV UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM * 2GTG -/ XCT )1.& 44 -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ III.

1260

1,5:1

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I +UOC KN )JCNKD #TVWM * 2GTG -/ XCT )1.& 44 )GNQEJV WPF RQNKGTV UGJT UEJÌP

1261

1263

ex 1262

6WPGUKGP 5KNDGT WPF -WRHGTOÒP\GP

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO WPF I 2GTG * (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG (GPKPC -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP ,GCP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

ex 1264

ex 1266

ex 1265

ex 1266

-JCTTÑDC WPF * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P /WUVCH³ 4X FWTKDC HÄ 6ÑPKU 2T·IGLCJT WPF I 2GTG (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

-JCTTÑDC 8CTKCPVGP WPF * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P /WUVCH³ 4X FWTKDC HÄ 6ÑPKU 2T·IGLCJT WPF I 2GTG (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM &KG GTUVGP DGKFGP UGJT UEJÌP FCU 5VÒEM XQP 5VGORGNINCP\

(CNU $WTDG 8CTKCPVGP WPF * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P /WUVCH³ MJ³P 4X FWTKDC HÄ 6ÑPKU 2T·IGLCJT FCTWPVGT QFGT FCTÒDGT WPF I 2GTG (GPKPC WPF -/ WPF 5VÒEM 5EJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ III.

1267

1,5:1

#NIGTKGP )QNFOÒP\GP

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P GVE I +UOC KN )JCNKD * #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5RKPM <ÒTKEJ 0T

1268

1,5:1

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &C VWO I 2GTG * -/ )1.& 44 5GJT UEJÌP

1269

2:1

8KGTVGN 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT I 2GTG XIN -/

6KVGN WPF 0COG CPUVGNNG FGT 6WIJTC )1.& 444 <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1,5:1

1270

1,5:1

8KGTVGN 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT I +UOC KN )JCNKD 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

MUSTAFÂ III.

1271

#NIGTKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

8KGTVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I 2GTG -/ $GUEJPKVVGP ! UGJT UEJÌP

1272

1,5:1

8KGTVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I 2GTG -/ FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV PCEJIGYKGUGP 4 5GJT UEJÌP

1274 1273

1275

8KGTVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I 2GTG -/ $GUEJPKVVGP ! UGJT UEJÌP

1276

1278

1277

1279

8KGTVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I 2GTG -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

#EJVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I 2GTG -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

#DF CN *COÄF + * #&

#NU 2TKP\ UQNN FGT IGDQTGPG #DF CN *COÄF + YGPKI XQO RQNKVKUEJGP .GDGP UGKPGT <GKV OKVGTNGDV JCDGP &QEJ CNU 5WNVCP GTYKGU GT UKEJ ÒDGTTCUEJGPF UEJPGNN KP FGT .CIG CWH FKG *GTCWUHQTFGTWPIGP UGKPGT <GKV CPIGOGUUGP \W TGCIKGTGP #WU FGT HCUV XQNNUV·PFKIGP 0KGFGTNCIG IGIGP 4WUUNCPF GTYWEJU FGT (TKGFGPUXGTVTCI XQP -Ò¼ÒM -C[PCTEC YGNEJGT WPVGT FGP IGIGDGPGP 7OUV·PFGP FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ FGP HCMVKUEJGP 8GTNWUV FGT *QJGKV ÒDGT FCU -TKOMJCPCV CNU 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV FGU -JCPCVU DGK HQTVFCWGTP FGT MCNKHKUEJGT *QJGKV KP 4GNKIKQPUHTCIGP XGTUÒVG Y·JTGPF 4WUUNCPF UKEJ GKP 2TQVGMVKQPUXGTJ·NVPKU ÒDGT FKG QTVJQFQZGP EJTKUVNKEJGP 7PVGTVCPGP FGU QUOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJGU CWUJCPFGNVG &CU JCVVG HÒT OGJT CNU GKP ,CJTJWPFGTV YGKV TGKEJGPFG (QNIGP &KG MTKOVCVCTKUEJG 4GKVGTGK JCVVG KP CNNGP QUOCPKUEJGP (GNF\ÒIGP KP 'WTQRC GKPG IGYKEJVKIG 4QNNG IG URKGNV UQ FCUU FGTGP 9GIHCNN GKPG 5VTWMVWTTGHQTO FGT QUOCPKUEJGP 5VTGKVMT·HVG PQVYGPFKI OCEJVG &KGUG UEJNQUU CWEJ FGP 9KGFGTCWHDCW GKPGT GKIGPGP CWH 5GIGNUEJKHHG IGUVÒV\VGP /CTKPG GKP FKG PWPOGJT KP UV·TMGTGO 7OHCPI MNGKPGTG 5EJKHHG XQP IGTKPIGTGO 6KGHICPI WPF DGUUGTGT 9GPFKIMGKV GKPUEJNQUU FKG DGUUGT HÒT FKG $GFÒTHPKUUG FGT CPCVQNKUEJGP -ÒUVGP FGU /KVVGNOGGTGU IGGKIPGV YCTGP 9·JTGPF FGT -GTP FGT #TOGG CWH ,CPKVUEJCTGP WPF 5KRCJK DCUKGTVG YWTFG OKV PQEJ UV·TMGTGT *KNHG HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT WPF DTKVKUEJGT 2NCPGT WPF #WUDKNFGT FKG #TVKNNGTKG CWUIGDCWV WPF GPVURTGEJGPFG #WUDKN FWPIUUV·VVGP GKPIGTKEJVGV ªDGT GKPG TGNCVKX NCPIG (TKGFGPURJCUG JKPYGI MQPPVGP FKG 4GHQTOGP FWTEJIG HÒJTV YGTFGP 'KP ITWPFNGIGPFGU 2TQDNGO DNKGD CDGT FCTKP DGUVGJGP FCUU UEJQP WPVGT /WUVCH³ +++ CWH FGT CUKCVKUEJGP WPF PQTFCHTKMCPKUEJGP 5GKVG FGU 4GKEJGU FKG TGIKQPCNG *GTTUEJCHV HCUV ÒDGTCNN CP OKNKV·TC TKUVQMTCVKUEJG /CONWMGP ÒDGTIGICPIGP YCT YGNEJG FGT <GPVTCNG PWT PQEJ \GKEJGPJCHV 6GKNG FGU 5VGWG TGTVTCIU \WMQOOGP NKGGP &CU JQJG #WUOC CP #WVQPQOKG FGT 2TQXKP\GP XQP #NIKGT DKU $CIFCF N·V UKEJ CWEJ CP FGT \WPGJOGP FGP 4GIKQPCNKUKGTWPI FGT 9·JTWPIGP IWV CDNGUGP 5Q ICNV CO 'PFG FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV #DF CN *COÄF + FGT IQNFGPG <GT K OCJDÑD CWU +UVCPDWN FQTV -WTWUJ FGT CWU -CKTQ UVCOOGPFG LGFQEJ KPHQNIG IGTKP IGTGP (GKPIGJCNVU PWT -WTWUJ &KG 9³NÄU XQP $CIFCF TGIGNVGP YGKVIGJGPF UGNDUV·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ÒNVKIG 'KPINKGFGTWPI FGT -TKO KP FGP TWUUKUEJGP 5VCCV WPF FKG #DUEJCHHWPI FGU -JCPCVU YWTFGP WPVGT FGO XQT CNNGO CP KPPGTGP 4GHQT OGP KPVGTGUUKGTVGP )TQYGUKT -JCNÄN *COÄF JKPIGPQOOGP FQEJ HKGN FKGUGT KO (QNIGLCJT FGP +PVTKIGP UGKPGT )GIPGT \WO 1RHGT &KG 2CTVGK FGT -TKGIUDGHÒTYQTVGT YWTFG CO QUOCPKUEJGP *QHG KOOGT UV·TMGT DKU /KVVG #WIWUV GKP 7NVKOCVWO CP 4WUUNCPF IGUVGNNV YWTFG UKEJ CWU FGT -TKO WPF FGO -CWMCUWU \WTÒEM\W\KGJGP QFGT UKEJ KO -TKGI OKV FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ \W UGJGP 6CVU·EJNKEJ DGICPP FGT -TKGI GTUV KO (TÒJLCJT OKV GKPGT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI $QUPKGPU Y·JTGPF FGT )TQYGUKT CNU (ÒJTGT FGT QUOCPKUEJGP 6TWRRGP WPIGJKPFGTV KP 5KGDGPDÒTIGP GKPOCTUEJKGTGP MQPPVG &QTV GTTGKEJVG KJP FKG 0CEJTKEJV XQO 6QF #DF CN *COKFU + &CU HÒJTVG \WO <WUCOOGPDTWEJ FGU QUOCPKUEJGP 8QTUVQGU WPF FGT 8GTVGKFKIWPI KP $QUPKGP 83

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1281

1280

6ÒTMGK )QNFOÒP\GP

#NVKP $GqNKM #NVKP (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI W C HNQTCN 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI (GKPG 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& )GNQEJV WPF GKP YGKVGTGU IGUVQRHVGU .QEJ HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

#NVKP ÒE CNVKPNKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI W C #TC DGUMGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM 2GTG ;-$ -/ )1.& )GNQEJV XQT\ÒINKEJ

1282

1283

1284

#NVKP KMKDWEWM CNVKPNKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI FC\YKUEJGP HNQTCNGU )GDKPFG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

&KG 7PVGTUEJGKFWPI XQP WPF (KPFKM KUV CPIGUKEJVU MNGKPGT )GYKEJVUWPVGTUEJKGFG DGK 6[RGPINGKEJJGKV WPF INGKEJGT )TÌG RTQDNGOCVKUEJ +P FGT 2TCZKU YCTGP UQNEJG /ÒP\GP PWT OKV FGT 9CCIG XGTJCPFGNDCT WPF FKG 0QOK PCNDG\GKEJPWPI UVGNNV DGK FKGUGP <K[PGVOÒP\GP OKVVNGTGT )TÌG PWT GKPG )GYKEJVUTKEJVNKPKG FCT

#NVKP KMKDWEWM CNVKPNKM XQP IGPCWGO )GYKEJV * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI FC\YKUEJGP HNQTCNGU )GDKPFG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4·P FGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 1DGP WPF WPVGP LGYGKNU GKP IGUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1285

1,5:1

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& -CDKPGVVUVÒEM 5VGORGNINCP\

1286

1287

1288

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI OKV FC\YKUEJGPIG NGIVGO $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ

1289

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1291

1290

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI OKV FC\YKUEJGP IGNGIVGO $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& )GNQEJV XQT\ÒINKEJ

1293

1292

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI OKV FC\YKUEJGP IGNGIVGO $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& )GNQEJV WPF IGUVQRHVGU .QEJ NGKEJVG (CUUWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI OKV FC\YKUEJGP IGNGIVGO $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ RQNKGTV UGJT UEJÌP

1294

1,5:1

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 7ONCWHOÒP\G! 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT OKV FGP 5VGORGNP GKPGU (KPFKM 5VÒEMU CWH MNGKPGTGO 5EJTÌVNKPI IGRT·IV 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 444 5GJT UEJÌP

1295

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT GVYCU ITÌGTGT 4X 5VGORGN 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U .QPFQP 0T

1296

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1298

1299

1297

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ .QPFQP 0T

*CNDGT (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT 4·PFGNWPI PKEJV OGJT UKEJVDCT I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 5GJT UEJÌP

1300

2:1

#EJVGN ! (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 5GJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO #DF CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 444 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1302

1303

1304

1305

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG

,CJT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGTORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

1301

1,5:1

2:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& )GYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1306

1307

1308

1309

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP +UNCOKE %QKP #WEVKQP .QPFQP 0T

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 9KP\ (CUUWPIUURWTGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

1311

1312

1313

1315

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT ! 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

1314

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 5GJT UGNVGPGU ,CJT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U .QPFQP 0T

1310

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1316

1317

ex 1318

6ÒTMGK 5KNDGT WPF -WRHGTOÒP\GP

&QRRGNVGT -WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC TGEJVU WPF NKPMU LG GKP -PQVGP 4X /\UV FCTÒDGT 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCTWPVGT ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

&QRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM #NNG IWV CWUIGRT·IV WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ ,CJT OKV 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGTP

ex 1319

ex 1320

&QRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP WPF 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG OKV -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV CDF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM #NNG IWV CWUIGRT·IV OGKUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

&QRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPU PCOG OKV -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV CDF DGK GKPGO 5VÒEM JKPVGT FGO 9QTV OWNMCJW KP FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKG TWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1323

ex 1321

&QRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP WPF 8CTKCPVGP OKV ITQGO WPF MNGKPGO &WTEJOGUUGT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU -PQVGP JKPVGT FGO 9QTV OWNMCJW KP FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG DGK GKPGO 5VÒEM FGU ,CJTG ÒDGT FGO 9QTV CDF 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

&QRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP WPF 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCP VKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU -PQVGP JKPVGT FGO 9QTV OWNMCJW KP FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP GTUVGT (QTO FCU 9QTV CDF \WWPVGTUV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC -PQVGP \YKUEJGP \YGK 2HGKNGP FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1324

ex 1322

ex 1325

-WTWUJ * ,CJT WPF 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGK VGT (QTO FCU 9QTV MJ³P \WWPVGTUV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC -PQVGP \YKUEJGP \YGK 2HGKNGP FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP

-WTWUJ * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC -PQVGP \YKUEJGP \YGK 2HGKNGP FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

ex 1326

1328

ex 1327

-WTWUJ TGFW\KGTVGP )GYKEJVU * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCP VKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG $NWOG FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG PKEJV IGYQIGP WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ OKV HCNUEJGT 0QOKPCNDG\GKEJPWPI 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP

-WTWUJ TGFW\KGTVGP )GYKEJVU * ,CJT WPF 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG $NWOG FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ OKV HCNUEJGT 0QOKPCNDG\GKEJPWPI 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP

-WTWUJ TGFW\KGTVGP )GYKEJVU * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGK VGT (QTO TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG $NWOG FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ OKV HCNUEJGT 0QOKPCNDG\GKEJPWPI 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG 1MVQDGT

1329

ex 1330

<QNQVC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP OKV ITQGO WPF MNGKPGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C

-QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1331

1332

1333

<QNQVC * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ FKGUGU ,CJT TGRQTVGF PQV EQPHKTOGF 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP .QV 0T

<QNQVC * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UQPUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP .QV 0T

<QNQVC * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 8QT\ÒINKEJ UVGORGNIN·P\GPFGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI -GPPGVJ /CE-GP\KG 1MVQDGT

ex 1335

1334

*CNDGT -WTWUJ ;KTOKNKM * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO FCU 9QTV MJ³P \WWPVGTUV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC -PQVGP \YKUEJGP \YGK 2HGKNGP FCTWP VGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1336

1337

*CNDGT -WTWUJ ;KTOKNKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC -PQVGP \YKUEJGP \YGK 2HGKNGP FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 44 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI -GPPGVJ /CE-GP\KG 1MVQDGT

ex 1339

1338

ex 1340

1341

*CNDGT -WTWUJ ;KTOKNKM TGFW\KGTVGP )GYKEJVU * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG $NWOG FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP ,CJT -/ 5VÒEM 4 &CU GTUVG 5VÒEM IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP *CNDGT -WTWUJ ;KTOKNKM TGFW\KGTVGP )GYKEJVU * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG $NWOG FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ FKGUGU ,CJT TGRQTVGF PQV EQPHKTOGF 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1342

1PNWM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP GTUVGT (QTO FCU 9QTV CDF \W WPVGTUV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC -PQVGP \YKUEJGP \YGK 2HGKNGP FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM ,CJT OKV 6WIJTC XIN 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG 1MVQDGT

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

ex 1344

ex 1343

ex 1345

ex 1346

1PNWM * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO FCU 9QTV MJ³P \WWPVGTUV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC -PQVGP \YKUEJGP \YGK 2HGKNGP FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

1PNWM * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC -PQVGP \YKUEJGP \YGK 2HGKNGP FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I WPF ,CJT PKEJV IGYQIGP #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

1PNWM * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG $NÒVG FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

1PNWM * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG $NÒVG FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG PKEJV IGYQIGP WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM ,CJT IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

&GT 9GEJUGN FGT $GK\GKEJGP PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC KO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT YCT PCEJ )GYKEJVU WPH (GKPIGJCNVUWPVGTUW EJWPIGP XQP 2CP\CE 2COWM 5 OKV GKPGT 4GFWMVKQP FGU 5KNDGTHGKPIGYKEJVU WO XGTDWPFGP &C KP FGT 1PNWMRT·IWPI \WINGKEJ CPHCPIU GKPG 'TJÌJWPI FGU 4CWJIGYKEJVU \W MQPUVCVKGTGP KUV UVGJV \W GTYCTVGP FCUU JKGT GKPG UV·TMGTG 8GTTKPIGTWPI FGU (GKPIGJCNVU CNU DGK FGP ITQDGP 5QTVGP GKPUGV\VG

1347 1,5:1

1,5:1

$GUJNKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP GTUVGT (QTO QJPG $GK\GKEJGP 4X /\UV FCTÒDGT 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCTWPVGT ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG 1MVQDGT

ex 1348

$GUJNKM * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO FCU 9QTV MJ³P \WWPVGTUV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKP MNGKPGT -PQVGP ,CJTG WPF FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I 8IN #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM &CU GTUVG 5VÒEM IGNQEJV FCU \YGKVG OKV *GPMGNURWT FKGUG DGKFGP UGJT UEJÌP FCU FTKVVG WP\KTMWNKGTV

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

ex 1350

ex 1349

$GUJNKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO FCU 9QTV MJ³P \WWPVGTUV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG $NÒVG KP \YGK 8CTKCPVGP FGT <GKEJPWPI FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT XIN 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GNVGPGU ,CJT $GKFG XQT\ÒINKEJ

$GUJNKM * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO FCU 9QTV MJ³P \WWPVGTUV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG $NÒVG KP \YGK 8CTKCPVGP FGT <GKEJPWPI FCTWPVGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKG TWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT XIN 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

1351

ex 1352

1,5:1

ex 1353

1,5:1

2CTC * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP GTUVGT (QTO QJPG $GK\GKEJGP 4X /\UV FCTÒDGT 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCTWPVGT ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM ! 2GTG XCT 5WNVCP -/ 4 <CKPGPFG UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO OKV MNGKPGO -PQVGP TGEJVU 4X /\UV FCTÒDGT 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCTWPVGT ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM ! 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5VÒEMG FGT ,CJTG WPF IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO OKV $NWOG TGEJVU 4X /\UV FCTÒDGT 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCTWPVGT ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM XCT ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5EJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1354

ex 1355

#MEG * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP \YGKVGT (QTO QJPG $GK\GKEJGP 4X /\UV FCTÒDGT 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCTWPVGT ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FC\W GKP CWH #MEGIGYKEJV DGUEJPKVVGPGT 2CTC ,CJT WPF I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP

/CPIKT * 8CP UKEJ GTI·P\GPFG 'ZGORNCTG 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT WPF I -CDCMNCTNK 9P -/ 5VÒEM 44 5EJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

1356 1,5:1

1,5:1

I[RVGP )QNFOÒP\GP

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC KP (QTO #DF CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 -WT\GT 6TGOQNKGTUVKEJ PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC UGJT UEJÌP #DIGUGJGP XQP FGT ITQGP 5GNVGPJGKV KUV FKGUGU 5VÒEM \WUCOOGP OKV FGO HQNIGPFGP CWGTQTFGPVNKEJ YKEJVKI HÒT FGP 0CEJYGKU FCUU FKG DGK -TCWUG WPF /KUJNGT XQTIGPQOOGPG )NGKEJUGV\WPI FGT 4GIKGTWPIULCJTG OKV XGTMÒT\VGP 'PFLCJTGP FGT GT PKEJV VT·IV

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1357

1358

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT -/ PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT )1.& 4 .GKEJVG 2TÒHURWTGP CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG

,CJT YQJN (GJNNGUWPI HÒT -/ )1.& -WT\GT 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU XQT\ÒINKEJ

1,5:1

1359

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG

,CJT -/ PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT )1.& <K[PGVRT·IWPI CWH DTGKVGO 5EJTÌVNKPI YKG KOOGT IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1360

1,5:1

<K[PGVCDUEJNCI \W <GT K OCJDÑD XQO 5VGORGN FGU GKPHCEJGP <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT

-CKTQ 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM XIN 2GTG FQRRGNIGYKEJVKI WPF -/ )1.& 4 <K[PGVRT·IWPI CWH DTGKVGO 5EJTÌVNKPI YKG KOOGT IGNQEJV CO HNCEJGP 4CPF GVYCU IGYGNNV KP FGT 2T·IWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

1361

1362

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP [³ M³H PÑP GKPFGWVKI OKV &KCMTKVKMC HÒT ;GICP 2³UJ³ CPUVGNNG FGU 4GIKGTWPIULCJTGU 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG XCT -/ XIN )1.& 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP #DF QFGT ÄF CPUVGNNG FGU 4GIKGTWPIULCJTGU 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GK EJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM <GT K OCJDÑD OKV FKGUGO 9CNK\GKEJGP 2GTG XCT -/ XIN )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1364

1363

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP #DF QFGT ÄF CPUVGNNG FGU 4GIKGTWPIULCJTGU 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GK EJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 5VGORGNXCTKCPVG FGU XQTKIGP OKV NCPIGT &GJPWPI FGU 9QTVGU UCPC KO #XGTU I 8IN #TVWM <GT K OCJDÑD OKV FKGUGO 9CNK\GKEJGP 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * ! /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP #DF QFGT ÄF QFGT ÄN HÒT +UO³ ÄN 2³UJ³ ÒDGT FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP ÒDGT FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU UGJT UEJÌP

&CU JKGT YKG CWEJ DGK -TCWUG /KUJNGT CNU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT IGFGWVGVG <GKEJGP GPVURTKEJV FGP <KHHGTP WPF KUV CDGT FWTEJ GKPG 8GTDKPFWPIUNKPKG OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGP YCU FKG .GUWPI WPUKEJGT OCEJV (ÒT GKPG &CVKGTWPI KP FCU 'PFG FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV FGU #DF CN *COÄF + URTKEJV CWEJ FKG 6CVUCEJG FCUU \W $GIKPP FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV 5GNKOU +++ CD * PWT )QNFOÒP\GP FGU VTCFKVKQPGNNGP 6[RU FGT <GT K OCJDÑD IGRT·IV YGTFGP WPF PKEJV FGT PGWG 6[R $GK FGT .GUWPI CNU Y·TG FCU 9CNK\GKEJGP CNU FKG FTGK 'PFDWEJUVCDGP FGU 0COGPU FGU +UO³ ÄN 2³UJ³ \W KPVGTRTGVKGTGP YGNEJGT CO ,WO³F³ + * FCU #OV GTJKGNV &CU HKPCNG N³O MCPP FWTEJCWU CWH FGT )TWPFNKPKG GPFGP WPF KUV FCPP NGKEJV XGTYGEJUGNDCT OKV FGO F³N &CU 9CNK\GKEJGP YKTF DGK -TCWUG /KUJNGT CNU #DF OKV FGO FKCMTKVKUEJGP 2WPMV YKGFGTIGIGDGP &CU KUV CDGT HCNUEJ &CU <GKEJGP UGNDUV KUV UVGVU WPRWPMVKGTV WPF FGT \WO $WEJ UVCDGP PÑP KO 9QTV KDP IGJÌTKIG 2WPMV TÒEMV IGNGIGPVNKEJ WPVGT FKG /KVVG FGU 9CNK\GKEJGPU YQFWTEJ UKEJ FCU /KUUXGTUV·PFPKU GTMN·TV

1,5:1

1365

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MGKP 9CNK\GKEJGP 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU (GNF PKEJV FWTEJ .KPKGP IGVTGPPV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPG 8CTKCPVG 5VGORGNINCP\

ex 1367

1366

1,5:1

.QV XQP <GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MGKP 9CNK\GKEJGP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJG $GK\GKEJGP ÒDGT FGO 9QTV #DF KO 5WNVCPUPCOGP WPF WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJG 2QUKVKQPGP FGT ,CJTGU\CJN 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU (GNF FWTEJ .KPKGP IGVTGPPV WPF I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 'KP 5VÒEM IGNQEJV WPF UGJT UEJÌP FKG CPFGTGP FTGK XQT\ÒINKEJ

1368

<K[PGVCDUEJNCI FGU <GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * ,CJT CWH DTGKVGO 5EJTÌVNKPI /KUT -CKTQ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MGKP 9CNK\GKEJGP 4X 6KVGN 4G IKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU (GNF FWTEJ .KPKGP IGVTGPPV I #TVWM 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 9KG KOOGT IGNQEJV XQT\ÒINKEJ

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1370

1369

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP F³N ÒDGT FGO 9QTV #JOCF KO 5WNVCPUCOGP 4X 6KVGN 4GIKG TWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU (GNF FWTEJ .KPKGP IGVTGPPV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG

CNU <K[PGVCDUEJNCI OKV FGOUGNDGP <GKEJGP -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MGKP 9CNK\GKEJGP 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU (GNF FWTEJ .KPKGP IGVTGPPV MNGKPGTG 5VGORGN I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 5VGORGNINCP\

1372

1371

1374

1373

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MGKP 9CNK\GKEJGP 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU (GNF FWTEJ .KPKGP IGVTGPPV DGKFGTUGKVU ITÌGTG 5VGORGN I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 2T·IGUEJY·EJG XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5VGRJGP #NDWO &G\GODGT 0T

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MGKP 9CNK\GKEJGP 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU (GNF FWTEJ .KPKGP IGVTGPPV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ FCU ,CJT PKEJV DGNGIV )1.& 5GJT UGNVGPGU ,CJT -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUTK HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

1375

1376

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * /KUT -CKTQ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MGKP 9CNK\GKEJGP 4X 6KVGN XGTMÒT\VGU 2T·IGLCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU (GNF FWTEJ .KPKGP IGVTGPPV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP /KUT -CKTQ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN FCU (GNF FWTEJ .KPKGP IG VTGPPV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ )1.& 44 7PGFKGTV -NGKPGT 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP +UNCOKE %QKP #WEVKQP .QPFQP 0T

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1,5:1

1377

1,5:1

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP #DF QFGT ÄN CP UVGNNG FGU 4GIKGTWPIULCJTGU 6WIJTC KP (QTO -J³P CNU WPVGTUVG <GKNG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 7P\KTMWNKGTV 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

ex 1380

1378

1379

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD PGWGP 6[RU * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FCU (GNF FWTEJ .KPKGP IGVTGPPV I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 7PTGIGNO·KIGT 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP

I[RVGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

2CTC * ,CJTG * LGYGKNU XKGNG 5VÒEMG /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC 4X ,CJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG 5WNVCP HH EC 5VÒEM 8KGNG IGNQEJV OGKUV UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

1,5:1

1381

1,5:1

.KD[GP )QNFOÒP\GP

<GT K OCJDÑD * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X 6KVGN

UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P OKV FGT <KHHGT XQT FGO $GIKPP FGT WPVGTUVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ &KG $GFGWVWPI FGT <KHHGT KO 4GXGTU KP GKPGT 2QUKVKQP YGNEJG KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN HÒT 2T·IGLCJTG XGTYGPFGV YWTFG KUV JKGT WPIGYKUU FC UKG CWEJ CWH FGT HQNIGPFGP /ÒP\G OKV FGT &CVKGTWPI * XQTMQOOV #NU #NVGTPCVKXG \WT &CVKGTWPI MCPP CWEJ GKPG (GKPIGJCNVUCPICDG GTYQIGP YGTFGP +P FGT ·I[RVKUEJGP /ÒP\RT·IWPI UCPM FGT (GKPIGJCNV FGU <GT K OCJDWD WPVGT #DF CN *COÄF + XQP CWH U CU 5CYK 5 WPF FKG #PICDGP XQP (GKPIG JCNVGP KP <GJPVGNP WPF $TÒEJGP YCT \WOKPFGUV KO KUNCOKUEJGP /KVVGNCNVGT IGDT·WEJNKEJ

1382 1383

1383

<GT K OCJDÑD * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X 6KVGN

UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P OKV FGT <KHHGT XQT FGO $GIKPP FGT WPVGTUVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

.KD[GP 5KNDGT WPF -WRHGTOÒP\GP

-WTWUJ * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 44 <CKPGPFG WPF MNGKPG 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1384

1386

1385

$GUJNKM OKV 6WIJTC * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 5EJKOMC #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

$GUJNKM QJPG 6WIJTC * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM 2GTG -/ &TWEMUVGNNG UGJT UEJÌP

/CPIKT * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6KVGN WPF 5WNVCPUPCOG KP 3WCFTCV 4X /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOG KP &TGKGEM KP &TGKRCUU FKG <KHHGTP FGU 2T·IGLCJTGU KP FGP $ÒIGP FGU &TGKRCUU I 2GTG -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

1387

1,5:1

6WPGUKGP )QNFOÒP\G

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * 6ÑPKU 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM 2GTG -/ FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV )1.& 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1388

1389

6WPGUKGP 5KNDGT WPF -WRHGTOÒP\GP

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG (GPKPC -/ 5EJÌP UGJT UEJÌP

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG 5WNVCP (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

1390

1391

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG (GPKPC -/ #O 4CPF HNCW UGJT UEJÌP

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO WPF I 2GTG (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

100

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1393

1392

1394

1395

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG (GPKPC -/ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG (GPKPC -/ 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT 4K[³N ;KTOKNKM * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG (GPKPC -/ )GRWV\V UGJT UEJÌP

1396

1397

*CNDGT 4K[³N ;KTOKNKM * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

*CNDGT 4K[³N ;KTOKNKM * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG 5WNVCP (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

1398

1399

*CNDGT 4K[³N ;KTOKNKM * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG 5WNVCP (GPKPC -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

%GO 5WNVCP $KNN *QNDGTVQP J·NV UGKP 'ZGORNCT XQO KFGPVKUEJGP #XGTUUVGORGN DGK CDYGKEJGPFGO 4GXGTUUVGORGN HÒT GKPG \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJG (·NUEJWPI CWHITWPF FGU WPIGYÌJPNKEJ HGKPGP WPF UEJYWPINQUGP 5VGORGNUEJPKVVU (GPKPC CM\GR VKGTV FCU 5VÒEM CDGT QJPG DGUQPFGTG 'KPUEJT·PMWPIGP XGTOWVNKEJ YGKN GU MGKPG 5VÒEMG FGU HTÒJGT WPF UR·VGT IG DT·WEJNKEJGP 5VKNU IKDV

*CNDGT 4K[³N ;KTOKNKM * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO I 2GTG (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UGNVGPGU ,CJT 5GJT UEJÌP

101

ABD AL-HAMÎD I.

1401 1400

1400

1,5:1

(CNU $WTDG WPF :: * 6ÑPKU UWNVCP CDF CN JCOÄF MJ³P 4X 2T·IGLCJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG I 2GTG * (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP 3CHUÄ $WTDKP * 6ÑPKU &WTKDC 4X HÄ 6ÑPKU I (GPKPC XIN -/ 44 FCU ,CJT QHHGPDCT WPRWDNK\KGTV 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

#NIGTKGP )QNFOÒP\GP

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X 6KVGN OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP UKIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU ÒDGT FGO 9QTV CU UWNV³P KP FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM * 2GTG * -/ )1.& 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1404

1403

1402

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP /CKUQP 2CNQODQ /CTUGKNNG /CK 0T

1405

1406

1407

1408

1409

#NIGTKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

8KGTVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM * 2GTG -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

102

SELÎM III.

1411

1410

1412

8KGTVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM * -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

#EJVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I 2GTG * -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

5GNÄO +++ * #&

&GT OKVVGP KO -TKGI \WT 0CEJHQNIG MQOOGPFG LWPIG 5WNVCP 5GNÄO +++ IGDQTGP CO &G\GODGT YCT TGHQTOQTKGPVKGTV UCJ UKEJ CDGT IGPÌVKIV FGP WPIÒPUVKI XGTNCWHGPFGP -TKGI HQTV\WUGV\GP 6CVU·EJNKEJ MCO KJO FKG (TCP\ÌUKUEJG 4GXQNWVKQP \W *KNHG FC FGT #WHUVCPF FGT UÒFNKEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG FCU JCDUDWT IKUEJG +PVGTGUUG KO 0QTFGP DCPF WPF GKP 5GRCTCVHTKGFG \WUVCPFG MCO FGT FKG JCDUDWTIKUEJGP 'T QDGTWPIGP CWH FGO $CNMCP CWHICD &GT IGIGP 4WUUNCPF HQTVIGUGV\VG -TKGI YWTFG GTUV #PHCPI OKV FGO (TKGFGP XQP ,CUU[ DGGPFGV FWTEJ FGP FGT &PLGUVT CNU )TGP\G HGUVIGNGIV YWTFG &GT 4GHQTOGKHGT 5GNÄOU DG\QI UKEJ KP GTUVGT .KPKG CWH FKG HQTVIGUGV\VG /QFGTPKUKGTWPI FGT #TOGG WPF FGT (NQVVG WPF CWH FKG 8GTDGUUGTWPI KJTGT #MCFGOKGP +P FGT <KXKNXGTYCNVWPI ICD GU YGPKIGT UVTWMVWTGNNG 8GT·PFGTWPIGP CNU XKGNOGJT GKPG GHHGMVKXG $GM·ORHWPI FGT -QTTWRVKQP WPF 4GFWMVKQP FGU 7OHCPIU FGT 8GTYCNVWPI CWH FCU 0ÌVKIUVG &GO UQ\KCNGP 'NGPF WPF FGT \WPGJOGPFGP .CPFHNWEJV JCVVG GT CNNGTFKPIU YGPKI GPVIGIGP \WUGV\GP &GT -TKGI XQP JCVVG FKG 4GEJVG FGT 4GIKQPCNHÒTUVGP IGIGPÒDGT FGT <GPVTCNG YGKVGT IGUV·TMV #WH MWNVWTGNNGO )GDKGV YCT FKG ¤HHPWPI HÒT GWTQR·KUEJG -WPUV #TEJKVGMVWT WPF /WUKM CNU (QTVUGV\WPI FGT 6WNRGP\GKV ÒDGTCNN URÒTDCT &KG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG $GUGV\WPI I[RVGPU HÒJTVG GKPGTUGKVU \W GKPGO XÌNNKIGP $TWEJ FGT LCJTJWPFGTVG CNVGP -QQRGTCVKQP \YKUEJGP FGP DGKFGP 5VCCVGP #PFGTGTUGKVU JKPVGTNKG FKG 0KGFGTNCIG FGT (TCP\QUGP FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ GKPG 2TQXKP\ FGTGP (KPCP\XGTYCNVWPI OQFGTPGT CNU FKG CPFGTGT 2TQXKP\GP YCT <WFGO YCT FGT RQNKVKUEJG 'KPHNWUU FGT ·I[RVKUEJGP /CONWMGP FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP\GKV OCUUKX IGUEJY·EJV UQ FCUU FGT 8GTVTGVGT FGT <GPVTCNTGIKGTWPI FGT #NDCPGT /WJCOOCF #NÄ FKGUG RJ[ UKUEJ CWU FGO 9GIG UEJCHHGP MQPPVG CNU UKG FTQJVGP OKV DTKVKUEJGT *KNHG YKGFGT CP FKG /CEJV \W MQO OGP #PFGTG 2TQXKP\GP GPVINKVVGP FGT <GPVTCNXGTYCNVWPI LGFQEJ XQNNGPFU WPF \YCT UQYQJN CWH FGO $CNMCP CNU CWEJ KP FGP CTCDKUEJGP 4GKEJUVGKNGP &GT 4GHQTORQNKVKM 5GNÄOU GTYWEJUGP YKG DGK HTÒJGTGP 5WNVCPGP KP FGT <GPVTCNG (GKPFG KP FGP OKNKV·TKUEJ \WPGJOGPF CP FGP 4CPF IGFT·PIVGP ,CPKVUEJCTGP YGNEJG KP FGT GKPG MWNVWTGNNG ªDGTHTGOFWPI HÒTEJVGP FGP 4GEJVUIGNGJTUCOMGKV 8GTDÒPFGVG HCPFGP +O /CK HQTOKGTVGP FKGUG -T·HVG UKEJ \W GKPGO QHHGPGP #WHUVCPF 5GNÄO XGTUWEJVG GTUV \W XGTJCPFGNP VTCV FCPP CDGT CNU 5WNVCP \WTÒEM &GT )TQYGUKT 5GNÄOU YWTFG XQP FGP ,CPKVUEJCTGP GTOQTFGV 5GKP TGCMVKQP·TGT 0CEJHQNIGT /WUVCH³ +8 UGV\VG FKG 8GTHQNIWPI FGT #PJ·PIGT 5GNÄOU HQTV FKG UKEJ PWP WO $C[TCSF³T /WUVCH³ ITWRRKGTVGP FGT KP FGT UÒFNKEJGP /QNFCW FGP 9KFGTUVCPF IGIGP FKG 4WUUGP HQTVIGUGV\V JCVVG #NU FKGUG UKEJ PCEJ GVYCU OGJT CNU GKPGO ,CJT IGIGP /WUVCH³ +8 KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN FWTEJUGV\GP MQPPVGP WPF FKG 4GEJVUIGNGJTVGP DGTGKVU FKG 4ÒEMICDG FGU 5WNVCPCVU CP FGP 8QTI·PIGT IWVIGJGKGP JCVVGP YWTFG 5GNKO +++ CO ,WNK GTOQTFGV Y·JTGPF FGO 2TKP\GP /CJOÑF FKG (NWEJV ÒDGT FKG &·EJGT FGU 2CNCUVGU \W $C[TCSF³T /WUVCHC IGNCPI 103

SELÎM III.

1413

1,5:1

6ÒTMGK )QNFOÒP\GP

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP XKGNHCEJGT -TGKUHCUUWPI OKV FC\YKUEJGPIG NGIVGO $N·VVGTMTCP\ 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GNVGP WPF WPIGYÌJPNKEJ KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI -CWO UKEJVDCTG *GPMGNURWT XQT\ÒINKEJ

1414

1415

1416

1417

(KPFKM * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP TWPFGT <KGTHCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT (CUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI WPF I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 5VÒEM )1.& -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP TWPFGT <KGTHCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGK EJGT (CUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP TWPFGT <KGTHCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGK EJGT (CUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 5VGORGNINCP\

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT OKV ITQGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT KP INGKEJGT (CUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 7$5 <ÒTKEJ 0T

1418

1419

1420

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT OKV MNGKPGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT KP INGKEJGT (CUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT (CUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

(KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT (CUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT CWU FGT #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

104

SELÎM III.

1421

1,5:1

*CNDGT (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP TWPFGT <KGTHCUUWPI 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT KP INGKEJGT (CUUWPI 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 444 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1423

1422

1425

1424

8KGTVGN (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV I 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT I 2GTG -/ )1.& )GYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV I 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& )GNQEJV XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

ex 1427 ex 1428

1426

8KGTVGN (KPFKM * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV I 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN (KPFKM * ,CJT WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT )GT·PFGNV WPF I 2GTG ,CJT -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

1,5:1

1429

1,5:1

(KPFKM ! * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT I 6JQOCU 5RKPM U 0WOKUOCVKE %KTEWNCT #RTKN WPF 5GXIK )ÌPÒN *CVKTC 5C[KUK 5 LGYGKNU FKGUGU 'ZGO RNCT UQPUV WPRWDNK\KGTV )1.& 444 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T &CU 0QOKPCN FKGUGT MNGKPGP /ÒP\G KUV WPMNCT 'XGPVWGNN JCPFGNV GU UKEJ WO GKPGP 2TQDGCDUEJNCI KP )QNF XQP #MEGUVGORGNP KO )GYKEJV GKPGU 8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD YGNEJG LGFQEJ GTUV XQO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CP \WT #WURT·IWPI MCOGP &KG )TÌG GPVURTKEJV IGPCW FGP UKNDGTPGP #MEG XQP I )GYKEJV FQEJ WPVGTUEJGKFGV UKEJ FCU XQTNKGIGPFG 5VÒEM FWTEJ FCU (GJNGP GKPGU 7OHCUUWPIUMTGKUGU &CU )GYKEJV UEJNKGV CWEJ FKG /ÌINKEJMGKV CWU FCUU GU UKEJ JKGT WO GKPGP XGTIQNFGVGP #MEG JCPFGNP MÌPPVG 'U KUV CDGT RNCWUKDGN FCUU GKPG UQNEJG 2TQDG PKEJV \WT #WUHÒJTWPI MQOOGP MQPPVG YGKN FKG #WUICDG UQNEJGT /ÒP\GP GKPG 'KPNCFWPI CP $GVTÒIGT FCTIGUVGNNV J·VVG FWTEJ FCU 8GTIQNFGP XQP #MEG OKV IGTKPIGO #WHYCPF HCNUEJG )QNFOÒP\GP \W RTQFW\KGTGP

105

SELÎM III.

ex 1431

1430

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ 5VÒEM )1.& &CU GTUVG 5VÒEM DGUEJPKVVGP FCU \YGKVG OKV IGUVQRHVGO .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

1432

1433

1435

1434

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 'VYCU DGTKGDGP XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT .KUVG $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U .QPFQP 0T

106

ex 1437

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM 1MVQDGT 0T

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1436

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ 5VÒEM )1.& &CU GTUVG 5VÒEM OKV IGUVQRHVGO .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP FCU \YGKVG IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ

SELÎM III.

1438

1440

1439

1441

1442

1443

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 5VGORGNXCTKCPVG \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1445 1444

1446

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF 5VGORGNINCP\

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ )TÌGTGT &WTEJOGUUGT OO )1.& )TÌGTGT &WTEJOGUUGT OO HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U .QPFQP 0T

107

SELÎM III.

1447

1448

1449

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ -NGKPGTGT &WTEJOGUUGT OO )1.& -NGKPGTGT &WTEJOGUUGT OO HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM

,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP 0T

ex 1451

1450

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 4 &CU GTUVG IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP FCU \YGKVG XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1452

1453

ex 1454

ex 1455

8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ 5VÒEM )1.& &CU GTUVG 5VÒEM IGNQEJV DGKFG XQT\ÒINKEJ

<YGK 8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ 5VÒEMG XQP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 5VGORGNP KO #XGTU WPF INGKEJGO 5VGORGN KO 4GXGTU FCU \YGKVG 'ZGORNCT CWH VGEJPKUEJ WPIGYÌJPNKEJGO 5EJTÌVNKPI CWU \YGK )QNFNCOGNNGP IGRT·IV 5VÒEM )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&CU \YGKVG 5VÒEM CWU #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ 1MVQDGT .QV FQTV H·NUEJNKEJ CNU (KPFKM 6TQV\ FGT WPIGYQJPNKEJGP 2TQFWMVKQPUVGEJPKM FGU 5EJTÌVNKPIU FGU \YGKVGP 5VÒEMU YKTF FKGUGU PKEJV CNU \GKVIGPÌUUK UEJG (·NUEJWPI \W DG\GKEJPGP UGKP UQPFGTP GTYGKUV UKEJ CWHITWPF FGT 5VGORGNINGKEJMGKV OKV FGO GTUVGP 5VÒEM CNU \YGKHGNUHTGK CWU FGT -QPUVCPVKPQRNGT /ÒP\UV·VVG UVCOOGPFG 2T·IWPI &KG <WUCOOGPHÒIWPI XQP \YGK UGRCTCV IG RT·IVGP )QNFDNGEJGP YCT GKPG PQTOCNG 6GEJPKM DGK FGT 2TQFWMVKQP XQP TGNKIKÒUGP /GFCKNNGP QFGT #OWNGVVGP FKGUGT <GKV 8KGNNGKEJV YCT FGT 5EJTÌVNKPI CWU UQNEJGO /CVGTKCN CWUIGUEJPKVVGP YQTFGP $GK FKGUGO 5VÒEM YCTGP CDGT DGKFG 5GKVGP KP GKPGO 2T·IGXQTICPI IGRT·IV YKG CWU FGP PWT UQ GPVUVGJGPFGP DNKPFGP (NGEMGP DGK JQJGO 4GNKGH FGT )G IGPUGKVG IGUEJINQUUGP YGTFGP MCPP

108

8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ 5VÒEM )1.& &CU GTUVG XQT\ÒINKEJ FCU \YGKVG IGNQEJV WPF UGJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

SELÎM III.

ex 1456

6ÒTMGK 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

;Ò\NÒM -WTWUJ * ,CJT WPF GKPG KOKVCVKXG 2T·IWPI OKV &CVWO UKE * ,CJT +U N³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

&C FCU 5KNDGT KO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ KO 8GTJ·NVPKU \WO )QNF OKV GVYC JÌJGT DGYGTVGV YWTFG CNU KO &GWV UEJGP 4GKEJ WPF KP (TCPMTGKEJ YQ KPHQNIG FGT 4GXQNWVKQPUMTKGIG CO 4JGKP ITQG /GPIGP XQP -KTEJGPUKNDGT XGTOÒP\V YWTFGP PWV\VG FGT KPVGTPCVKQPCNG *CPFGN FKG )GYKPPOÌINKEJMGKV FWTEJ FKG 2CEJV XQP /ÒP\ UV·VVGP KP FGPGP QUOCPKUEJG 5KNDGTOÒP\GP PCEJIGRT·IV YWTFGP FKG FCPP KO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ KP )QNF QFGT 'ZRQTVYCTGP HÒT 'WTQRC IGYGEJUGNV YWTFGP #O DGUVGP FQMWOGPVKGTV KUV FGT XQP (TKGFTKEJ 9KGNCPFV WPVGTUWEJVG (CNN FGT OCTMIT·HNKEJ DCFKUEJGP /ÒP\UV·VVG &WTNCEJ YQ FCU ITKGEJKUEJG *CPFGNJCWU &QO\Q KP FGP ,CJTGP ;Ò\NÒM OKV FGO GTUVGP WPF FTKVVGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 5GNKOU +++ WPF -WTWUJ OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT HÒT /CTM 5KNDGT RT·IGP NKG &KG JKGT XQTNKGIGPFG +OKVCVKQP UVCOOV YQJN PKEJV CWU &WTNCEJ YQ FGT 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT $ÒEMNG JGWVG PKEJV WPVGTUEJGKFDCTG VGEJPKUEJ RGTHGMVG +OKVCVKQPGP RTQFW\KGTVG &QEJ CWEJ CPFGTG /ÒP\UV·VVGP KP +VCNKGP WPF OÌINKEJGTYGKUG 9KGP JCVVGP #PVGKN CP FKGUGO )GUEJ·HV

ex 1457

ex 1458

ex 1459

;Ò\NÒM -WTWUJ * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP WPF 8CTKCPVGP +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP

;Ò\NÒM -WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV XQT\ÒINKEJ OKV MNGKPGTGP 2T·IGUEJY·EJGP

109

SELÎM III.

ex 1460

ex 1461

ex 1462

;Ò\NÒM -WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG XIN 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV XQT\ÒINKEJ OKV MNGKPGTGP 2T·IGUEJY·EJGP

+MKNKM -WTWUJ * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP GKPGO 8 HÌTOKIGP WPF GKPGO NKNKGPHÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV XQT\ÒINKEJ OKV MNGKPGTGP 2T·IGUEJY·EJGP

&KG UEJYGTGP +MKNKM OÒUUGP XQT FGT 'KPHÒJTWPI FGU ;Ò\NÒM CO /WJCTTCO * IGRT·IV YQTFGP UGKP FC UKG OKV FKGUGO CPP·JGTPF IGYKEJVUINGKEJ UKPF

ex 1463

110

ex 1464

+MKNKM -WTWUJ XQP TGFW\KGTVGO )GYKEJV * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP \YGK NKNKGPHÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ OKV MNGKPGTGP 2T·IGUEJY·EJGP

+MKNKM -WTWUJ XQP TGFW\KGTVGO )GYKEJV * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP \YGK NKNKGPHÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

SELÎM III.

ex 1465

ex 1466

+MKNKM -WTWUJ XQP TGFW\KGTVGO )GYKEJV * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP \YGK NKNKGPHÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM <YGK 5VÒEMG XGTH·TDV UGJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

+MKNKM -WTWUJ XQP TGFW\KGTVGO )GYKEJV * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP WPF +UN³ODÑN

+UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP \YGK NKNKGPHÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 6GKNU HNGEMKI GKPOCN <CKPGPFG UQPUV OGKUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1468

ex 1467

1469

+MKNKM -WTWUJ XQP TGFW\KGTVGO )GYKEJV * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YK UEJGP \YGK NKNKGPHÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GNVGPGTG ,CJTG $GKO GTUVGP 5VÒEM GKP 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF DGKFG UGJT UEJÌP

+MKNKM -WTWUJ XQP TGFW\KGTVGO )GYKEJV * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP \YGK NKNKGPHÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT XIN 5WNVCP ,CJT -/ 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 5GJT UEJÌP

111

SELÎM III.

1470

5EJYGTGT FQRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM ,CJT TGFW\KGTVGU )GYKEJV XIN 2GTG ,CJT XIN 5WNVCP TGFW\KGTVGU )GYKEJV -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U .QPFQP 0T

1471

1472

112

1473

5EJYGTGT FQRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 'KP \YGKVGU UVGORGNINGKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM ,CJT TGFW \KGTVGU )GYKEJV XIN 2GTG ,CJT XIN 5WNVCP TGFW\KGTVGU )GYKEJV -/ 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

4GFW\KGTVGT FQRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 5WNVCP 4 <CKPGPFG XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT 6WTCVJ 5COONWPI #WMVKQP 5RKPM ,CPWCT GZ 0T

SELÎM III.

1474

1,5:1

5EJYGTGT -WTWUJ * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP HTÒJGT (QTO OKV FGO 9QTV MJ³P WPVGP TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I .CEJOCPP 0WOKU OCVKE %KTEWNCT /C[ 0T -/ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌP

1475

ex 1476

5EJYGTGT -WTWUJ * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VGTGT (QTO OKV FGO 9QTV UGNÄO WPVGP TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

4GFW\KGTVGT -WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP GKPGO NKNKGPHÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP NKPMU WPF GKPGT $NWOG TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT XIN 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP

ex 1477

ex 1478

4GFW\KGTVGT -WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP GKPGO NKNKGPHÌT OKIGP <GKEJGP NKPMU WPF GKPGT $NWOG TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ

113

SELÎM III.

1480

ex 1479

4GFW\KGTVGT -WTWUJ * ,CJTG ! IGNQEJV WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP GKPGO NKNKGPHÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP NKPMU WPF GKPGT $NWOG TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU PKEJV IGYQIGP WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5EJÌP ,CJT UGJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

4GFW\KGTVGT -WTWUJ * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP GKPGO NKNKGPHÌTOKIGP <GK EJGP NKPMU WPF GKPGT $NWOG TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 5GJT UEJÌP

;KTOKNKM 2CTC * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC T NKNKGPHÌTOKIGU <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKG TWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ 4 'VYCU HNGEMKI XQT\ÒINKEJ

1482

114

1483

;KTOKNKM 2CTC * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC T NKNKGPHÌTOKIGU <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKG TWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 4 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

;KTOKNKM 2CTC * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC T NKNKGPHÌTOKIGU <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKG TWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 4 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1484

1481

1485

;KTOKNKM 2CTC * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC T NKNKGPHÌTOKIGU <GKEJGP 4X 4GIKG TWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT XIN 5WNVCP -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

SELÎM III.

1486 1,5:1

1,5:1

5EJYGTGT 1PNWM 2CTC * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP HTÒJGT (QTO OKV FGO 9QTV MJ³P WPVGP TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 8IN 5WNVCP 6WIJTC -/ XIN 5WNVCP 6WIJTC -/ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -NGKPG #PDQJTWPI UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U .QPFQP 0T

1487

ex 1488

5EJYGTGT 1PNWM 2CTC * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VGTGT (QTO OKV FGO 9QTV UGNÄO WPVGP TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 8IN 2GTG TGFW\KGTVGU )GYKEJV -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP .QV

ex 1490

4GFW\KGTVGT 1PNWM 2CTC * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VGTGT (QTO OKV .KNKG QDGP TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM &CU XKGTVG IGNQEJV FCU \YGKVG OKV *GPMGNURWT FKGUG UGJT UEJÌP FKG CPFGTGP FTGK XQT\ÒINKEJ

4GFW\KGTVGT 1PNWM 2CTC * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VG TGT (QTO OKV .KNKG CWH FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU WPF I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM /KV #WUPCJOG XQP ,CJT CNNG OKV *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1491

4GFW\KGTVGT 1PNWM 2CTC * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VGTGT (QTO OKV .KNKG QDGP TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM &CU GTUVG IGNQEJV FCU FTKVVG OKV *GPMGNURWT UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1489

ex 1492

4GFW\KGTVGT 1PNWM 2CTC * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VG TGT (QTO OKV .KNKG QDGP TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM &CU NGV\VG ,CJT UGNVGP &CU GTUVG OKV *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

&KG ,CJTG CWU 5COONWPI 5EJKOMC #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

4GFW\KGTVGT $GUJNKM 2CTC * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VGTGT (QTO OKV MNGKPGO -PQVGP QDGP TGEJVU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM ,CJT OKV IGUVQRHVGO .QEJ WPF UEJÌP UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

115

SELÎM III.

1493

1494

1496

1495

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CT 8CT WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VGTGT (QTO 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU PKEJV IGYQIGP WPF I 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 'KP 5VÒEM XQO ,CJT IGNQEJV OGKUV UGJT UEJÌP GKPKIG XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJTG +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VGTGT (QTO 4X 4GIKG TWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

#MEG * ,CJT +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP GTUVGT (QTO 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 8IN 2GTG 6WIJTC -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

ex 1498

1497

ex 1499

1500

#MEG * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VGTGT (QTO 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I 2GTG -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

#MEG * ,CJTG WPF +UN³ODÑN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC KP UR·VGTGT (QTO 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FC\W GKPG CWH #MEGITÌG DGUEJPKVVGPGT 2CTC ,CJT WPF I 2GTG -/ 5VÒEM &KG GTUVGP FTGK UGNVGP 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

6ÒTMGK -WRHGTOÒP\GP

/CPIKT * $KVNÄU 6WIJTC 4X ,CJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG I #TVWM FQTV FGT 4GDGNNKQP FGU %CPDWNCV 2CUJC WPF FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG $GNGP \WIGUEJTKGDGP 4 5GJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

116

1501

1,5:1

/CPIKT * 9³P 8CP 6WIJTC /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I -CDCMNCTNK 444 5GJT UEJÌP

SELÎM III.

1503

1502

I[RVGP )QNFOÒP\GP

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT ! /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP UÄP HÒT +UO³ ÄN 2³UJ³ JKPVGT FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKP JCNDKGTVGT -PQVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP PGDGP FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM <K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ $TGKVGT 5EJTÌVNKPI )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

1505

1504

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT ! /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP UÄP HÒT +UO³ ÄN 2³UJ³ JKPVGT FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKP ICP\GT -PQVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP PGDGP FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM <K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ )1.& )TQDG 2T·IWPI OKV MNGKPGO 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4G IKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKP JCNDKGTVGT -PQVGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM <K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

1506

1507

1508

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP OÄO HÒT /WJCOOCF 2³UJ³ * 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QJPG <GKEJGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM <K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP OÄO HÒT /WJCOOCF 2³UJ³ * 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKPG MNGKPG MTGW\HÌTOKIG $NÒVG TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM <K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 'VYCU FG\GPVTKGTV XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP OÄO HÒT /WJCOOCF 2³UJ³ * QFGT LÄO 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MNGKPGT HÒPH\CEMK IGT 5VGTP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM <K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

&CU 9CNK\GKEJGP KUV TGEJVU UQ URKV\ FCUU FKG $WEJUVCDGP LÄO J³ WPF MJ³ NGUDCT Y·TGP &QEJ CWEJ FCU KUQNKGTVG OÄO UQNNVG GVYCU URKV\ UGKP UQ FCUU GU UKEJ YCJTUEJGKPNKEJ PWT WO GKPG <GKEJPWPIUXCTKCPVG FGU XQTKIGP <GKEJGPU JCPFGNV

117

SELÎM III.

1509

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP U³F HÒT 5³NKJ 2³UJ³ * 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MNGKPGT HÒPH\CEMKIGT 5VGTP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP U³F HÒT 5³NKJ 2³UJ³ * 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU .KNKG PCEJ #TV FGT $QWTDQPGPNKNKG TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 -NGKPGT 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

1511

1512

118

1513

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 8 HÌTOKIGO 5[ODQN CNU 9CNK\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU XKGN\CEMKIGT 5VGTP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG -NGKPGT 5VGORGN I 8IN #TVWM <K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ )1.& -NGKPGT 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU 2T·IGUEJY·EJG XQT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 8 HÌTOKIGO 5[ODQN CNU 9CNK\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MNGKPGT UGEJU\CEMKIGT 5VGTP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WI JTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG )TQGT 5VGORGN I 8IN #TVWM

<K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ )1.& 2T·IGUEJY·EJG KP FGT /KVVG UGJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV NKNKGPHÌTOKIGO 5[ODQN CNU 9CNK\GK EJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 2WPMV XGTOWVNKEJ ÒDGT 5VGTP ITCXKGTV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM

<K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ )1.& -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG XQT\ÒINKEJ

1514

1510

1515

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV NKNKGPHÌTOKIGO 5[ODQN CNU 9CNK\GK EJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 2WPMV XGTOWVNKEJ ÒDGT 5VGTP ITCXKGTV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC #X UVGORGNINGKEJ OKV FGO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKV VGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM <K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV WPFGWVNKEJGO GVYC W HÌTOKIGO 5[O DQN CNU 9CNK\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU UGEJU\CEMKIGT 5VGTP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM

<K[PGVRT·IWPI \W <GT K OCJDÑD 2GTG -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

SELÎM III.

1516

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP D³ HÒT $QPCRCTVG IGRT·IV \W $GIKPP FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI I[RVGPU #& 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU MNGKPGT 2WPMV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I FG /G[ 2QKPFGUUCWNV 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG XQT\ÒINKEJ

1HHGPDCT YCT GU PCEJ FGT 'TQDGTWPI I[RVGPU FWTEJ 0CRQNGQP CPHCPIU PKEJV OÌINKEJ GKPGP SWCNKHK\KGTVGP 5VGORGN UEJPGKFGT \W HKPFGP FGPP UQYQJN FCU JCPFYGTMNKEJG )GUEJKEM CNU CWEJ FKG MCNNKITCRJKUEJGP (·JKIMGKVGP NCUUGP CWH FGP 4GXGTUUVGORGNP \W YÒPUEJGP ÒDTKI $GKO XQTNKGIGPFGP 5VGORGN DNGKDGP FKG KUQNKGTVGP CNKH QJPG 5GTKHG WPF FCU VCUJFÄF CWH FGO $WEJUVCDGP UÄP UKGJV CWU YKG GKP 7 (ÒT FGP #XGTU OKV FGT MQORNK\KGTVGTGP 6WIJTC ITKHH OCP QHHGP DCT CWH CNVG 5VGORGN \WTÒEM YCU DKUNCPI \YCT PKEJV FWTEJ 5VGORGNXGTINGKEJ PCEJIGYKGUGP KUV FQEJ CWHITWPF FGWVNK EJGT 4QUVOCTMGP CWH FGT 5VGORGNQDGTHN·EJG GTUEJNQUUGP YGTFGP MCPP

1518

1517 1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP D³ HÒT $QPCRCTVG IGRT·IV \W $GIKPP FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI I[RVGPU #& 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKP \W GKPGO MNGKPGP 3WCFTCV WOIGUEJPKVVGPGT 5VGTP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG UVKNKUVKUEJ KO 8GTJ·NVPKU \WO XQTKIGP GVYCU DGUUGTGT 4G XGTUUVGORGN I FG /G[ 2QKPFGUUCWNV 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP D³ HÒT $QPCRCTVG IGRT·IV \W $GIKPP FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI I[RVGPU #& 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKP \W FGKPGO MNGKPGP 3WCFTCV WOIGUEJPKVVGPGT 5VGTP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG DGKFGTUGKVU UVGORGNINGKEJ OKV FGO XQTJGTIGJGPFGP 5VÒEM I FG /G[ 2QKPFGUUCWNV 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 #XGTU FG\GPVTKGTV OKV TQUVKIGP 5VGORGNP IGRT·IV XQT\ÒINKEJ

1519

1520

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT KO 5VGORGN WOIGUEJPKVVGP CWU /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP IGRT·IV Y·JTGPF FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI I[RVGPU #& WPVGT -NGDGT PCEJ FGT #DTGKUG 0CRQNGQPU 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKP MNGKPGU &TGKGEM TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I FG /G[ 2QKPFGUUCWNV 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU IWVG #WURT·IWPI CWH DTGKVGO 5EJTÌVNKPI WPF 5VGORGNINCP\

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP IGRT·IV Y·JTGPF FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI I[RVGPU #& WPVGT -NGDGT PCEJ FGT #DTGKUG 0CRQNGQPU 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKP MNGKPGU CNKH TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I FG /G[ 2QKPFGUUCWNV 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 9KP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU MCWO 7ONCWHURWTGP WPF IWVG #WURT·IWPI UGJT UEJÌP

119

SELÎM III.

1521

1522

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP U³F HÒT 5³NKJ 2³UJ³ * 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 5VGTP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 9CNK\GKEJGP CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG DGKFGTUGKVU ITQDGT 5VGORGNUEJPKVV I #TVWM -/ )1.& 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP IGRT·IV Y·JTGPF FGT HTCP\ÌUK UEJGP $GUGV\WPI I[RVGPU #& WPVGT -NGDGT PCEJ FGT #DTGKUG 0CRQNGQPU 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKP MNGKPGU MNGKPGU &TGKGEM TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I FG /G[ 2QKPFGUUCWNV -/ )1.& 44 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

1,5:1

1523

1,5:1

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP IGRT·IV Y·JTGPF FGT HTCP\ÌUK UEJGP $GUGV\WPI I[RVGPU #& WPVGT -NGDGT PCEJ FGT #DTGKUG 0CRQNGQPU 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKP MNGKPGU MNGKPGU 6TCRG\ XGTOWVNKEJ 5VGORGNXGT·PFGTWPI ÒDGT 5VGTP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I FG /G[ 2QKPFGUUCWNV -/ )1.& 44 $GUUGTG #WURT·IWPI CWH DTGKVGO 5EJTÌVNKPI CO 4CPF GKP MN #WUDTWEJ TQUVKIG 5VGORGN UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

1524

1525

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU $GK\GKEJGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC PKEJV UKEJVDCT 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I -/ )1.& #WH FCU )GYKEJV GKPGU (KPFKM DGUEJPKVVGP 5GJT UEJÌP

1526

I[RVGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

)GTKPIJCNVKIGT 3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ IGRT·IV Y·JTGPF FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI I[RVGPU #& 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP .KNKG WPF $NWOG 4X 2T·IGLCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM FG /G[ 2QKPFGUUCWNV -/ 44 2T·IGUEJY·EJG KP FGT /KVVG UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

120

SELÎM III.

1527

1529

1528

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP 5VGTP KO -TGKU NKPMU WPF .KNKG TGEJVU 4X 2T·IGLCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP 5VGTP KO -TGKU NKPMU WPF UEJYGTV HÌTOKIGT .KNKG TGEJVU 4X 2T·IGLCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ $TGKVGT 5EJTÌVNKPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP 5VGTP KO -TGKU NKPMU WPF .KNKG XQP CDYGKEJGPFGT <GKEJPWPI \YKUEJGP 2WPMVGP TGEJVU 4X 2T·IGLCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 'VYCU )TÒPURCP UGJT UEJÌP

1530

1531

*CNDGT 3KTUJ 2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ IGRT·IV Y·JTGPF FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI I[RVGPU #& 6WIJTC OKV -PQVGP CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 2T·IGLCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I FG /G[ 2QKPFGUUCWNV -/ 44 -N -TCV\GT UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT 3KTUJ 2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV 5VGTP KO -TGKU CP FGT NKPMGP 5GKVG 4X 2T·IGLCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I +UO³ ÄN )JCNKD 2GTG -/ 44 -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUNQEJ UQPUV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

1532

1533

ex 1534

2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC XQO 6[R 4X ,CJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG I 2GTG XCT 5WNVCP XCT -/ # 4 5GJT UEJÌP

.QV XQP 2CTC /ÒP\GP * ,CJTG * LGYGKNU XKGNG 5VÒEMG /KUT

-CKTQ 6WIJTC 4X ,CJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG 5WNVCP HH 5VÒEM 9GPKIG IGNQEJV OGKUV UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ IGRT·IV Y·JTGPF FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI I[R VGPU #& 6WIJTC XQO 6[R 4X ,CJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF I FG /G[ 2QKPFGUUCWNV -/ 5VÒEM 44 5GJT UEJÌP

121

SELÎM III.

1535 1,5:1

1,5:1

.KD[GP )QNFOÒP\G

5WNVCPK * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIULCJT 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT )1.& 44 5GJT UEJÌP

1536

1537

1538

.KD[GP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

;Ò\NÒM -WTWUJ * QHHGPDCT 2T·IGLCJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP \YGK .KNKGP WPF FTGK 8 HÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P \YGK .KNKGP ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 2GTG UVGORGNINGKEJ -/

MGPPV FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV 44 5GJT UEJÌP

;Ò\NÒM -WTWUJ * QHHGPDCT 2T·IGLCJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP \YGK .KNKGP WPF GKPGO 8 HÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P \YGK .KNKGP ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 4X UVGORGNINGKEJ OKV FGO XQTJGTIGJGP FGP 5VÒEM I 2GTG 4GX UVGORGNINGKEJ -/ MGPPV FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV 44 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF OKV ,WUVKGTURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP

;Ò\NÒM -WTWUJ * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP \YGK .KNKGP WPF \YGK 8 HÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 2GTG * -/ MGPPV FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV 444 5GJT UEJÌP <W FGP &CVGP FGT 6TKRQNKVCPKUEJGP ;Ò\NÒM WPF URG\KGNN \W FKGUGO 5VÒ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

122

SELÎM III.

ex 1540

1539

ex 1540

1PNWM * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM -/ *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP <WT 2T·IGJQJGKV UKGJG FKG #POGTMWPI \WT XQTKIGP /ÒP\G

6WPGUKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO -TGKU D\Y KO 8KGTRCUU WPF I (GPKPC WPF -/ WPF 5VÒEM 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1541

1542

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU WPF I (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1543

ex 1544

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I 8IN (GPKPC PKEJV PCEJIGYKGUGP -/ 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP WPF I (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

ex 1545

ex 1546

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP WPF I (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP WPF I (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

123

SELÎM III.

ex 1548

1547

*CNDGT 4K[³N -JCTTÑDC * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG I (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT 4K[³N -JCTTÑDC WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG WPF I (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN 4K[³N -JCTTÑDC * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KP 5GEJURCUU I (GPKPC -/ 44 -TCV\GT IGUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

#NIGTKGP )QNFOÒP\GP

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO /\\ 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU ÒDGT FGO $WEJUVCDGP UÄP KP CU 5WNV³P CO #PHCPI FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM * 2GTG * -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1551

124

1550

1552

1553

SELÎM III.

1555

1554

1,5:1

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP /QTVQP 'FGP .QPFQP 0T

1556

1557

1558

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO /\\ 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU ÒDGT FGO $WEJUVCDGP UÄP KP CU 5WNV³P CO #PHCPI FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM * 2GTG * -/ )1.& <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P QJPG /ÒP\\GKEJGP I 8IN #TVWM FKGUGU ,CJT LGFQEJ OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 2GTG * -/ )1.& 44 <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1559

1560

5WNVCPK ! * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP UVGTPHÌT OKIGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO /\\ 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU ÒDGT FGO $WEJUVC DGP UÄP KP CU 5WNV³P CO #PHCPI FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM * 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UEJÌP

125

SELÎM III.

1562

1561

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP UVGTPHÌTOK IGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO /\\ 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU ÒDGT FGO $WEJUVCDGP UÄP KP CU 5WNV³P CO #PHCPI FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN WPF 0COG QJPG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I 8IN #TVWM * OKV 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KO #XGTU 2GTG OKV 5GIGPU YWPUEJ ;-$ OKV 5GIGPUYWPUEJ -/ XCT )1.& 44 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT CWU FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

1563

1564

1565

8KGTVGN 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP UVGTPHÌTOK IGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

#EJVGN 5WNVCPK XQO 5VGORGN FGT 8KGTVGN * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP UVGTPHÌTOKIGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ YKG )1.& <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1567

1566

1568

1569

#NIGTKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

*CNDGT $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT UWNVCP UGNÄO MJ³P 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I -/ -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT UWNVCP UGNÄO MJ³P 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT UWNVCP UGNÄO MJ³P 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I -/ -NGKPG #PDQJTWPI KO #XGTUHGNF UGJT UEJÌP

1570

1571

*CNDGT $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT UWNVCP UGNÄO MJ³P 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I -/ ªDNKEJG 2T·IGUEJY·EJG XQT\ÒINKEJ

*CNDGT $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT UWNVCP UGNÄO MJ³P 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM 5WNVCP -/ ªDNKEJG 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

126

SELÎM III.

1573

1572

*CNDGT $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT UWNVCP UGNÄO MJ³P 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

ex 1576

ex 1575

ex 1574

ex 1577

8KGTVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT ,GYGKNU I #TVWM * 5WNVCP * -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT WPF I #TVWM * 5WNVCP * -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT WPF I #TVWM * 5WNVCP * -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

1578

1579

ex 1580

ex 1581

ex 1582

8KGTVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP CEJV\CEMKIGO 5VGTP I -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

#EJVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I 2GTG 5WNVCP * -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

#EJVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT WPF I 2GTG * 5WNVCP * WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

#EJVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT WPF I 2GTG * 5WNVCP * -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

#EJVGN $WLW * 8CTKCPVGP OKV ITQGO WPF MNGKPGO 4GXGTUUVGORGN ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT WPF I 2GTG * 5WNVCP -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

127

MUSTAFÂ IV.

/WUVCH³ +8 * #&

/KV /WUVCH³ +8 UQNNVGP CNNG 4GHQTOGP 5GNÄOU +++ TÒEMI·PIKI IGOCEJV FGUUGP PGWG 5VGWGTP YKG CWEJ FKG PGWGP /KNKV·TMQTRU CDIGUEJCHHV YWTFGP &CUU FKG 5QNFCVGP FGT PGWGP -QTRU PKEJV PWT GPVNCUUGP UQPFGTP CWEJ RGTUÌPNKEJ XGTHQNIV YWTFGP UQ FCUU UKG UKEJ UQYGKV GU KJPGP OÌINKEJ YCT DGK )GIPGTP FGU PGWGP 5WNVCPU UCOOGNVGP HÒJTVG NGV\VNKEJ FGP 7PVGTICPI FGT MQPUGTXCVKXGP 4GCMVKQP JGTDGK 5EJQP DCNF JCVVGP UKEJ FGT 5JC[MJ CN +UN³O WPF FKG 8GTYCNVWPIUURKV\G GPV\YGKV #WEJ CWGPRQNKVKUEJ ICD GU MGKPG 'THQNIG DTCEJ 0CRQNGQP KO (TKGFGP XQP 6KNUKV GKPG XQTÒDGTIG JGPFG #NNKCP\ \YKUEJGP FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ WPF 4WUUNCPF CWH -QUVGP FGT *QJGP 2HQTVG QJPG FKGUG ÒDGTJCWRV KP FKG 8GTJCPFNWPIGP GKPDG\QIGP \W JCDGP &KRNQOCVKUEJG 4GVVWPIUXGTUWEJG DNKGDGP GTHQNI NQU 0CEJ FGT 'TOQTFWPI FGU )TQYGUKTU YCT $C[TCSF³T /WUVCH³ \WT 4GQTICPKUCVKQP FGT #TOGG XQP FGT TWUUKUEJGP )TGP\G IGMQOOGP 5GKPG 'TYCTVWPIGP CWH FCU )TQYGUKTCV YWTFGP CDGT PKEJV GTHÒNNV YGU JCND GT UKEJ KP UGKPGP 5VÒV\RWPMV 4WUVUEJWM \WTÒEM\QI WPF FQTV FKG #PJ·PIGT 5GNÄOU HQTOKGTVG &CDGK YCT $C[TCSF³T /WUVCH³ MGKP 8GTVTGVGT FGT 4GHQTORQNKVKM UQPFGTP FGT CWVQPQOGP 4GIKQPCNJGTTUEJCHV FKG WPVGT 5GNÄO +++ IGUV·TMV YQTFGP YCT &KG (ÒJTGT FGU 9KFGTUVCPFGU KP 4WUVUEJWM XGTUEJYQTGP UKEJ KP FGT 9GKUG FCUU UKG KJTG #NNKCP\ PCEJ CWGP JKP \GTDTGEJGP NKGGP UQ FCUU GKPKIG XQP KJPGP KP -QPUVCP VKPQRGN #WHPCJOG KO *GTTUEJCHVUCRRCTCV HKPFGP MQPPVGP WO FGP IGHCPIGPGP 5GNÄO +++ WPF FGP 2TKP\GP /CJOÑF UEJÒV\GP \W MÌPPGP 'U IGNCPI KJPGP /WUVCH³ +8 FCXQP \W ÒDGT\GWIGP FCUU $C[TCSF³T /W UVCH³ PWT FCTCP IGNGIGP UGK FKG /CEJV FGT ,CPKVUEJCTGP FGPGP UKEJ CWEJ FGT PGWG 5WNVCP CWUIGUGV\V UCJ \W DTGEJGP 5Q ICD GU GKP IGJGKOGU 'KPXGTUV·PFPKU \YKUEJGP /WUVCH³ +8 UGKPGO )TQYGUKT WPF $C[ TCSF³T /WUVCH³ NGV\VGTGP OKV UGKPGT #TOGG PCEJ -QPUVCPVKPQRGN GKP\WNCFGP QHHK\KGNN WO FGO PGWGP 5WNVCP \W JWNFKIGP KPQHHK\KGNN WO FKG ,CPKVUEJCTGP CWU\WUEJCNVGP WPF FGP 5JC[MJ CN +UN³O FWTEJ GKPGP CPFGTGP \W GTUGV\GP &GT 2NCP IGNCPI PWT KP UGKPGO GTUVGP 6GKN FCPP GTHWJT FGT )TQYGUKT XQP FGP YCJTGP 2N·PGP $C[TCSF³T /WUVCH³U WPF XGTUV·PFKIVG FGP 5WNVCP +PHQNIGFGUUGP DNKGD FGP 8GTUEJYÌTGTP PWT FKG 9CJN KP QHHGPGT 4GDGNNKQP XQT FGP 2CNCUV \W \KGJGP WPF FWTEJ FKG 4GEJVUIGNGJTVGP FKG #DFCP MWPI /WUVCH³U WPF 9KGFGTGKPUGV\WPI 5GNÂOU HQTFGTP \W NCUUGP YQOKV \WXKGN <GKV XGTUVTKEJ FKG 5GNÄO FCU .GDGP MQUVGVG /WUVCH³ +8 YWTFG CWH $GHGJN UGKPGU LÒPIGTGP $TWFGTU /CJOÑF CO 0QXGODGT KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV GKPGO GTPGWVGP ,CPKVUEJCTGPCWHUVCPF WOIGDTCEJV

1583

1584

6ÒTMGK )QNFOÒP\GP

128

(KPFKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN )TQG 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF #PHCPIULCJT FGT 4GIKGTWPI QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 5RWTGP GKPGT KPGHHGMVKXGP 4·PFGNWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

(KPFKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN -NGKPG 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF #PHCPIULCJT FGT 4GIKGTWPI QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

MUSTAFÂ IV.

1586

1585

1,5:1

(KPFKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN -NGKPG 6WIJTC KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF #PHCPIULCJT FGT 4GIKGTWPI QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG

,CJT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT -TCV\GT KO #XGTUHGNF XQT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN (KPFKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN )TQG 6WIJTC OKV MNGKPGO 5VGTP KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF #PHCPIULCJT FGT 4GIKGTWPI QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I #TVWM XCT 2GTG XCT -/ XCT )1.& 5GJT UGNVGPG 8CTKCPVG QJPG $NWOG KO #XGTU .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ

1587

1588

8KGTVGN (KPFKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN )TQG 6WIJTC OKV $WOG KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF #PHCPIULCJT FGT 4GIKGTWPI QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU XQT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN (KPFKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN )TQG 6WIJTC OKV $WOG KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF #PHCPIULCJT FGT 4GIKGTWPI QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1589

1585

1,5:1

1590

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT -/ )1.& 4 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1591

6ÒTMGK 5KNDGT WPF -WRHGTOÒP\GP

;Ò\NÒM -WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP .CP\ /ÒPEJGP 0T

129

MUSTAFÂ IV.

1592

+MKNKM -WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP \YGK -PQVGP 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT KP -CTVWUEJG /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP -CTVWUEJG I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ WGTUV UGNVGP -N -TCV\GT WPF 5EJTÌVNKPIUTK XQT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

1593

1594

1595

#NVOKUJNKM <QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT KP -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 44 5VGORGNINCP\

#NVOKUJNKM <QNQVC * 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT \YKUEJGP U[OOGVTKUEJGP 5 HÌTOKIGP 1TPCOGPVGP ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5RKPM <ÒTKEJ 0T

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1596

130

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 5VGORGNXCTKCPVG \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 5VGORGNINCP\

MUSTAFÂ IV.

1598

1597

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN GKPG YGKVGTG 5VGORGNXCTKCPVG 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP #) $CUGN $CUGN 0T 'ZGORNCT FGT .KUVG 5VGRJGP #NDWO 5CPVC 4QUC 0T

1599

1PNWM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 'VYCU HNGEMKI XQT\ÒINKEJ

1603

1601

$GUJNKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ )NGKEJO·KIG #WURT·IWPI UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 2GTG ,CJT 5WNVCP -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1,5:1

1600

1602

1604

1,5:1

/CPIKT * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 444 )TÒPURCPHNGEM UGJT UEJÌP

131

MUSTAFÂ IV.

1605

1606 1,5:1

I[RVGP )QNFOÒP\GP

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ OKV 9CNK\GKEJGP ! 8 XQT FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKPG $NCVVTCPMG TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF UQPUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

<K[PGVRT·IWPI FGU <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP XQT FGO 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU GKP 2WPMV TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 8IN #TVWM 2GTG -/ )1.& 44 9KG KOOGT IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ 1MVQDGT 0T

1607

1609

1608

I[RVGP 5KNDGTOÒP\G

2CTC 0KUH HKFFC /C[FKP * /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 2GTG 5WNVCP -/ 5EJÌP

<QNQVC * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT KP -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I -/ FKGUGU 5VÒEM CDIGDKNFGV 444 5VGORGNINCP\

.KD[GP 5KNDGTOÒP\G

6WPGUKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\G

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I 8IN (GPKPC -/ 44 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

1611

1610 1,5:1

#NIGTKGP )QNFOÒP\G

#NIGTKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\G

8KGTVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP UVGTPHÌTOKIGT 'KPHCUUWPI I #TVWM 2GTG -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

132

MAHMÛD II.

/CJOÑF ++ * #&

/KV /CJOÑF ++ YWTFG GKP 1UOCPG 5WNVCP FGT CPFGTU CNU UGKPG 8QTI·PIGT FCU 4GHQTORTQLGMV PKEJV KO 4CJOGP FGT 6TCFKVKQP FGU QUOCPKUEJGP 5VCCVGU CPIKPI UQPFGTP FCU (WPFCOGPV FGU 5VCCVGU OQFGTPKUKG TGP YQNNVG WO UGKP ªDGTNGDGP \W UKEJGTP &CUU GT $C[TCSF³T /WUVCH³ \W UGKPGO GTUVGP )TQYGUKT OCEJVG YCT PKEJV PWT RGTUÌPNKEJGT &CPMDCTMGKV UGKPGO 4GVVGT IGIGPÒDGT IGUEJWNFGV UQPFGTP FKGU DQV CWEJ FKG /ÌINKEJMGKV FCU 8GTJ·NVPKU FGT PGWGP 2TQXKP\HÒTUVGPMNCUUG C [³P \WO 5VCCV \W TGIGNP &KG TWOGNKUEJGP WPF CPCVQNKUEJGP #PIGJÌTKIGP FKGUGU 5VCPFGU YWTFGP WOIGJGPF \W GKPGT 4GKEJUXGTUCOO NWPI GKPIGNCFGP KP FGT KJPGP FKG 'TDNKEJMGKV KJTGT 4GEJVG DGUV·VKIV YWTFG Y·JTGPF KO )GIGP\WI FGT QUOCPKUEJG 5VCCV YKGFGT <WITKHH CWH HKUMCNKUEJG .GKUVWPIGP WPF FKG 1DGTJQJGKV ÒDGT KJTG RTKXCVGP 6TWR RGP YKG CWEJ FKG <WUVKOOWPI \WT 4GQTICPKUCVKQP FGT ,CPKVUEJCTGP GTJKGNV <WT WPOKVVGNDCTGP 7OUGV \WPI MCO GU PKEJV FC FKG ,CPKVUEJCTGP YKGFGTWO TGXQNVKGTVGP WPF $C[TCSF³T /WUVCH³ WODTCEJVGP YCU FKG 6ÌVWPI /WUVCHCU +8 CWH $GHGJN /CJOÑFU \WT (QNIG JCVVG 9KEJVKI YCT FKG KP FGO $GUEJNWUU FGT 4GKEJUXGTUCOONWPI \WO #WUFTWEM MQOOGPFG UVTWMVWTGNNG #NVGTPCVKXG FKG CNNGPVJCNDGP CWHIGUEJQDGP YCT &GT UGKV DGUVGJGPFG -TKGIU\WUVCPF OKV 4WUUNCPF YWTFG GTUV FWTEJ GKPGP \W $WMCTGUV IGUEJNQU UGPGP (TKGFGP DGGPFGV KP FGO 4WUUNCPF $GUUCTCDKGP FCU .CPF \YKUEJGP &PLGUVT WPF 2TWVJ \WIGUVCPFGP YWTFG &GP GZVGTPGP (TKGFGP DGPWV\VG /CJOÑF ++ WO YKEJVKIG C [³P FKG FGO <GPVTCNUVCCV PKEJV FKG IGDÒJTGPFGP <WITKHHUTGEJVG ICDGP OKNKV·TKUEJ CWU\WUEJCNVGP 9GPKIGT NGKEJV \W NÌUGP YCT FCU 2TQDNGO FGU CWHMQOOGPFGP 0CVKQPCNKUOWU FGT )TKGEJGP FCU OKV FGO CNVGP YKG PGWGP 5VCCVUMQP\GRV FGU 1UOCPK UEJGP 4GKEJGU KPMQORCVKDGN YCT &KG XQP 4WUUNCPF WPF GWTQR·KUEJGP RJKNJGNNGPKUEJGP (TGWPFGUMTGKUGP IGUEJÒTVGP #WHUV·PFG FGT )TKGEJGP GZRQTVKGTVGP GKP 'NGOGPV FGU CPVKPCRQNGQPKUEJGP ō(TGKJGKVUMCORHGUŋ CWU /KVVGN WPF 0QTFGWTQRC KP GKPG 4GIKQP KP FGT FCU HTKGFNKEJG 0GDGPGKPCPFGT XKGNGT 0CVKQPCNKV·VGP KO UQ IGPCPPVGP /KNNGV 5[UVGO GKP JCNDGU ,CJTVCWUGPF NCPI HÒT GKP JCNDYGIU HTKGFNKEJGU #WUMQOOGP WPF HÒT FCU ªDGTNGDGP XQP /KPFGTJGKVGP IGUQTIV JCVVG &KG )TKGEJGP DGMCOGP PCEJ GKPKIGO OKNKV·TKUEJGP JKP WPF JGT KJTGP GKIGPGP 5VCCV CDGT FGT +PHGMV UQNNVG CWH 6ÒTMGP -WTFGP #TCDGT #TOGPKGT 5GTDGP WPF $WNICTGP ÒDGTIGJGP +O -CORH IGIGP FKG )TKGEJGP \GKIVG UKEJ FCUU FCU PCEJ FGT #WUUEJCNVWPI FGT /CONWMGP KP I[RVGP XQP /WJCOOCF #NK CWHIGDCWVG /KNKV·T GHHK\KGPVGT YCT CNU FCU FGT QUOCPKUEJGP 5WNVCPUTGIKGTWPI /CJOÑF RTGUUVG FKG ,CPKVUEJCTGP KP GKPG 4GQTICPKUCVKQP YGNEJG \WO #WHUVCPF HÒJTVG FGP GT PWP UQ YKG /WJCOOCF #NÄ OKV FGP /CONWMGP FWTEJ RJ[UKUEJG 8GTPKEJVWPI FGT ,CPKVUEJCTGP WPF FWTEJ 8GTHQN IWPI KJTGU TGNKIKÌUGP 4ÒEMJCNVU FGU UÑHKUEJGP $GMVCUEJÄ 1TFGPU KO ,CJT NÌUVG &CU OCEJVG FGP 9GI HÒT ITWPFNGIGPFG 4GHQTOGP FGT /KNKV·TQTICPKUCVKQP HTGK &QEJ MWT\HTKUVKI HGJNVG FCOKV GKP YKEJVKIGU 'NGOGPV FGT QUOCPKUEJGP 9GJTH·JKIMGKV &KG GWTQR·KUEJGP /·EJVG PWV\VGP FKGUG 5EJY·EJG UQHQTV XGTPKEJVGVGP UKG GKPOCN OGJT FKG QUOCPKUEJG (NQVVG WO UQ FGP ITKGEJKUEJGP #WHUVCPF \W TGVVGP WPF KO HQNIGPFGP ,CJT UVKGGP FKG 4WUUGP DKU PCEJ 'FKTPG XQT 9·JTGPF 4WUUNCPF UKEJ OKV TGNCVKX MNGKPGP )GDKGVUIGYKPPGP DGIPÒIVG YCT FKG 5GNDUV·PFKIMGKV )TKGEJGPNCPFU HQTOCN CP\WGTMGPPGP WPF KO INGKEJGP ,CJT QMMWRKGTVG (TCPMTGKEJ #NIKGT (TCPMTGKEJ JCVVG \W FKGUGT <GKV KP /WJCOOCF #NÄ KP I[RVGP GKPGP YKEJVKIGTGP 8GTDÒPFGVGP IGHWPFGP WPF WPVGTUVÒV\VG FKGUGP KP UGKPGO 8QTIGJGP UKEJ GKPGP KOOGT ITÌGTGP 6GKN FGU 1UOCPKUEJGP 5VCCVGU \W UKEJGTP DGUGV\VGP FKG I[RVGT 5[TKGP WPF FTCPIGP DKU PCEJ 0QTFOGUQRQVCOKGP XQT Y·JTGPF FKG QUOCPKUEJG #DYGJT XGTUCIVG 133

MAHMÛD II. $GK CNNGFGO XGTNQT /CJOÑF ++ UGKP 4GHQTORTQITCOO PKEJV CWU FGP #WIGP 'T HÒJTVG GKPG <GPVTCNDG JÌTFG HÒT FKG TGNKIKÌUGP 5VKHVWPIGP CYS³H GKP UQ FCUU FGTGP 'KPPCJOGP HQTVCP PKEJV FGT UVGWGTHTGKGP 0WV\WPI FWTEJ FKG 5VKHVGTHCOKNKGP UQPFGTP FGT TGNKIKÌUGP 5VKHVWPIUCDUKEJV \WIWVG MCOGP #WEJ FKG NGV\V NKEJ KP D[\CPVKPKUEJG 5VCCVUQTICPKUCVKQP \WTÒEMTGKEJGPFGP /KNKV·TNGJGP FGT UKRCJK 6TWRRGP YWTFGP MQP UGSWGPV GKPIG\QIGP &CFWTEJ GTICDGP UKEJ GPQTOG UVCCVNKEJG #ITCTHN·EJGP FKG YKGFGTWO KP 2CEJVNCPF XGTYCPFGNV YWTFGP Y·JTGPF CPFGTG .GJGP KP FCU RTKXCVG 'KIGPVWO FGT PGWGP #ICMNCUUG ÒDGTIKPIGP (ÒT FKG 5KEJGTUVGNNWPI GKPGT DGUUGTGP 5VCCVUXGTYCNVWPI YWTFGP \YGK 9GIG DGUEJTKVVGP GKPGTUGKVU FGT #WUDCW XQP *QEJUEJWNGP PCEJ FGO /WUVGT FGT UEJQP KO ,CJTJWPFGTV IGITÒPFGVGP OKNKV·TKUEJGP *QEJUEJWNGP CPFGTGTUGKVU FKG #WUDKNFWPI XQP 5RG\KCNKUVGP KO GWTQR·KUEJGP #WUNCPF #NU -TÌPWPI FGU 4GHQTOYGTMGU YCT GKPG MQPUVKVWVKQPGNNG 4GHQTO IGRNCPV KP FGT FKG 5VCCVUDÒTIGTUEJCHV WPF FGT 5VCCVUCWHDCW TCFKMCN PGW IGTGIGNV YGTFGP UQNNVG FKG 6CP\KO³V YGNEJG FWTEJ GKPG -QOOKUUKQP WPVGT FGO 5RKV\GPFKRNQOCVGP WPF FCPP #WGPOKPKUVGT /WUVCH³ 4CUJÄF 2³UJ³ CD CWUIGCTDGKVGV YWTFGP $GK CNN FKGUGP (QTVUEJTKVVGP \WT 4GQTICPKUCVKQP FGU 5VCCVGU DNKGD FKG OKNKV·TKUEJG .CIG PCEJ CWGP RTGM·T UKGIVGP FKG I[RVGT ÒDGT FCU QUOCPKUEJG *GGT DGK 0KUKD CO 'WRJTCV Y·JTGPF /CJOÑF ++ CO ,WNK KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN UVCTD &QEJ UGKP 4GHQTORTQITCOO YWTFG XQP UGKPGO 5QJP #DF CN /CLÄF HQTVIGUGV\V

1612 1,5:1

1,5:1

6ÒTMGK )QNFOÒP\GP

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV -PQVGP CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 4 5VGORGNINCP\

1613

134

1614

1615

1616

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV <YGKI CP FGT TGEJ VGP 5GKVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCTWO GKP <KGTMTGKU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG CWH <YGKIGP )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV <YGKI CP FGT TGEJ VGP 5GKVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCTWO GKP <KGTMTGKU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ,CJT ;-$ ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV <YGKI CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCTWO GKP <KGTMTGKU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& -NGKPG 2T·IGUEJY·EJG KP FGT /KVVG UGJT UEJÌP

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV <YGKI CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCTWO GKP <KGTMTGKU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ ,CJT CNU TGRQTVGF PQV EQPHKTOGF )1.& 44 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FGWVNKEJ NGUDCT 5VGORGNINCP\

MAHMÛD II.

1617

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV <YGKI CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCTWO GKP <KGTMTGKU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ ,CJT CNU TGRQTVGF PQV EQPHKTOGF )1.& 44 5VGORGNINCP\

&KG DGKFGP XQTJGTIGJGPFGP /ÒP\GP UKPF UVGORGNINGKEJ ,GFQEJ YCTGP FKG 5VGORGN FGU UR·VGT IGRT·IVGP \YGKVGP 5VÒEMU FWTEJ NGKEJVGP 4QUV DGGKPVT·EJVKIV &KGU YKTMVG UKEJ DGKO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FGTCTV CWU FCUU FKG <KHHGT YKG GKPG CWUUKGJV 9CJTUEJGKPNKEJ GTMN·TV UKEJ FCFWTEJ FKG 6CVUCEJG FCUU PWT 2T·IWPIGP XQP ICP\ HTKUEJGP 5VGORGNP FCU ,CJT GKPFGWVKI GTMGPPGP NCUUGP YGUJCND 2T·IWPIGP FKGUGU ,CJTGU HÒT FKG $GCTDGKVWPI FGU -/ -CVCNQIU CNU PKEJV PCEJIGYKGUGP ICNVGP

1618

1,5:1

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV -PQVGP CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM XCT 2GTG ¤N¼GT XIN -/ )1.& 44 5VGORGNINCP\

ex 1619

1,5:1

ex 1620

ex 1621

ex 1622

8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN -NGKPGTG 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN -NGKPGTG 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT WPF I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

135

MAHMÃ&#x203A;D II.

ex 1623

ex 1624

8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÃ&#x2018;D * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN -NGKPGTG 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF I 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT WPF -/ 5VÃ&#x2019;EM )1.& 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ WPF 5VGORGNINCP\

8KGTVGN #NVKP * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 5GIGPUHQTOGN /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF I 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT WPF -/ 5VÃ&#x2019;EM )1.& 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

1625

1626

&QRRGNVGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KO <KGTTCPF 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #X I 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

&QRRGNVGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KO <KGTTCPF 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #X I 2GTG Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT .KUVG 5VGRJGP #NDWO 5CPVC 4QUC 0T

1627

1628

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /Ã&#x2019;PEJGP 0T

1630 1629

*CNDGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KO <KGTTCPF 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #X I 2GTG Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& /KPKOCN IGYGNNV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

*CNDGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KO <KGTTCPF 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #X I 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /Ã&#x2019;PEJGP 0T

136

1631

MAHMÃ&#x203A;D II.

1633

1632

&QRRGNVGT PGWGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG WOIGDGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT WOIGDGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /Ã&#x2019;PEJGP 0T

1634

1635

0GWGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG WOIGDGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WOIG DGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

0GWGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG WOIGDGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WOIG DGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

1636

1637

0GWGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG WOIGDGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WOIG DGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

0GWGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG WOIGDGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WOIG DGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1638

1639

0GWGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG WOIGDGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WOIG DGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

0GWGT 4Ã&#x2018;OÃ&#x201E; #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG WOIGDGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WOIG DGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ )GTÂ·PFGNV I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP /Ã&#x2019;P\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP #) $CUGN 0T

137

MAHMÛD II.

1640

1642

1641

1643

#NVGT #FNÄ #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV OQPQITCOOKGT VGO 5EJTKHV\WI CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCTWO GKP <KGT MTGKU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 4 )GUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT #NVGT #FNÄ #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV OQPQ ITCOOKGTVGO 5EJTKHV\WI CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCTWO GKP <KGTMTGKU 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

5ÒTTG #NVKP * ,CJT &³T CN MJKN³HC CN CNÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG WOIGDGP XQP 5VTGWDNWOGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4G IKGTWPIULCJT )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

1,5:1

138

1,5:1

5ÒTTG #NVKP * ,CJT OKV CDYGKEJGPFGO /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOGP &³T CN MJKN³HC CN UCPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKP QRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG WOIGDGP XQP 5VTGWDNWOGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1645

1644

1646

1647

*CNDGT 5ÒTTG #NVKP * ,CJT &³T CN MJKN³HC CN CNÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG WOIGDGP XQP 5VTGWDNWOGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN 5ÒTTG #NVKP * ,CJT &³T CN MJKN³HC CN CNÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG WOIGDGP XQP 5VTGWDNWOGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FKG FKCMTKVKUEJGP 2WPMVG ÒDGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KP CN MJKN³HC JQTK\QPVCN )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

MAHMÛD II.

1648 ex 1649

1650

8KGTVGN 5ÒTTG #NVKP * ,CJT &³T CN MJKN³HC CN CNÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG WOIGDGP XQP 5VTGWDNWOGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FKG FKCMTKVKUEJGP 2WPMVG ÒDGT FGO NGV\VGP $WEJUVCDGP KP CN MJKN³HC XGTVKMCN WPF CPFGTG #DYGKEJWPIGP DGK FGP $NWOGP KO 4GXGTU )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM 2GTG ¤N¼GT XCT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

0GWGT #FNÄ #NVKP * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV OQPQ ITCOOKGTVGO 5EJTKHV\WI CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG FCTWO 7OUEJTKHV OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN 4X /\UV OKV 5GIGPUYWPUEJ CN OCJTÑUC HÒT FKG 5VCFV ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCTWO GKP -TGKU WPF 7OUEJTKHV OKV CWUHÒJTNKEJGO 5GIGPUYWPUEJ HÒT FGP *GTTUEJGT )GT·PFGNV WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

0GWGT #FNÄ #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV OQPQITCOOKGT VGO 5EJTKHV\WI CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG FCTWO 7OUEJTKHV OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN 4X /\UV OKV 5G IGPUYWPUEJ CN OCJTÑUC HÒT FKG 5VCFV ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCTWO GKP -TGKU WPF 7OUEJTKHV OKV CWUHÒJTNKEJGO 5GIGPUYWPUEJ HÒT FGP *GTTUEJGT )GT·PFGNV I #TVWM

,CJT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

1652

1651

,CJT 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

ex 1653

ex 1654

ex 1655

*CNDGT PGWGT #FNÄ #NVKP * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV OQPQITCOOKGTVGO 5EJTKHV\WI CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG FCTWO 7OUEJTKHV OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN 4X /\UV OKV 5GIGPUYWPUEJ CN OCJTÑUC HÒT FKG 5VCFV ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT FCTWO GKP -TGKU WPF 7OUEJTKHV OKV CWUHÒJTNKEJGO 5GIGPUYWPUEJ HÒT FGP *GTTUEJGT )GT·PFGNV WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& &CU \YGKVG 5VÒEM NGKEJV IGYGNNV DGKFG XQT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN PGWGT #FNÄ #NVKP * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV OQPQITCOOKGTVGO 5EJTKHV\WI CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG FCTWO 7OUEJTKHV OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN 4X /\UV OKV 5GIGPUYWPUEJ CN OCJTÑUC HÒT FKG 5VCFV ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4GIKG TWPIULCJT FCTWO GKP -TGKU WPF 7OUEJTKHV OKV CWUHÒJTNKEJGO 5GIGPUYWPUEJ HÒT FGP *GTTUEJGT )GT·P FGNV WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& &CU \YGKVG 5VÒEM OKV *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

139

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1657

ex 1656

0GWGT 4WD Ä[C #NVKP * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV OQPQITCOOKGTVGO 5EJTKHV\WI CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG KP FQRRGNVGT <KEM\CEMHCUUWPI 4X /\UV ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCTWO FQRRGNVGT <KEM\CEMGKPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU )GT·PFGNV WPF I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

0GWGT 4WD Ä[C #NVKP * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV OQPQ ITCOOKGTVGO 5EJTKHV\WI CFNÄ CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG KP FQRRGNVGT <KEM\CEMHCUUWPI 4X /\UV ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCTWO FQRRGNVGT <KEM\CEMGKPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU )GT·PFGNV WPF I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1660

1659

ex 1658

&QRRGNVGT *C[TÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP -TGKU FCTWO CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 4CPF CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& /KP IGYGNNV HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

*C[TÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP -TGKU FCTWO CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 4CPF CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\ WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1663 ex 1661

140

1662

*C[TÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP -TGKU FCTWO CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 4CPF CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& -NGKPGT 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

*CNDGT *C[TÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP -TGKU FCTWO CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 4CPF CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN I

\GKVIGPÌUUKEJG (·NUEJWPI! WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF 5VGORGNINCP\

MAHMÃ&#x203A;D II.

ex 1664

ex 1665

ex 1667

ex 1666

1668

*CNDGT *C[TÃ&#x201E;[C #NVKP * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÃ&#x201E; KP -TGKU FCTWO CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 4CPF CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT WPF -/ 5VÃ&#x2019;EM )1.& 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

0GWGT /CJOÃ&#x2018;FÃ&#x201E;[C #NVKP * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÃ&#x201E; WPF 5VTGWDNWOGP KP $NÂ·VVGTMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT OKV 5VTGWDNWOGP KO $NÂ·VVGTMTGKU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT WPF -/ 5VÃ&#x2019;EM )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

&CU GTUVG 5VÃ&#x2019;EM 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÃ&#x2019;UUGN 0T FCU \YGKVG 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /Ã&#x2019;PEJGP 0T

0GWGT /CJOÃ&#x2018;FÃ&#x201E;[C #NVKP * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÃ&#x201E; WPF 5VTGWDNWOGP KP $NÂ·VVGTMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT OKV 5VTGW DNWOGP KO $NÂ·VVGTMTGKU I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /Ã&#x2019;PEJGP 0T

ex 1669

ex 1670

ex 1671

1672

*CNDGT PGWGT /CJOÃ&#x2018;FÃ&#x201E;[C #NVKP * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÃ&#x201E; WPF 5VTGWDNWOGP KP $NÂ·VVGTMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT OKV 5VTGWDNWOGP KO $NÂ·VVGTMTGKU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG

,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT WPF -/ 5VÃ&#x2019;EM )1.& &CU GTUVG OKV $KGIGURWT CO 4CPF UQPUV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ WPF WP\KTMWNKGTV

8KGTVGN PGWGT /CJOÃ&#x2018;FÃ&#x201E;[C #NVKP * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP WPF 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKP QRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÃ&#x201E; KP $NÂ·VVGTMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT KO $NÂ·VVGTMTGKU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT WPF -/ 5VÃ&#x2019;EM )1.& <WO 6GKN NGKEJV IGYGNNV UQPUV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ QFGT DGUUGT

8KGTVGN PGWGT /CJOÃ&#x2018;FÃ&#x201E;[C #NVKP * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP OKV ITQÂGT WPF MNGKPGT 6WIJTC WPF 3WUVCPVÃ&#x201E;PÃ&#x201E;[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÃ&#x201E; KP $NÂ·VVGTMTGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT KO $NÂ·VVGTMTGKU WPF I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT Â¤NÂ¼GT WPF -/ 5VÃ&#x2019;EM )1.& 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

141

MAHMÛD II.

1673 1,5:1

&QRRGNVGT *C[TÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT 'FKTPG 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP -TGKU FCTWO CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 4CPF CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG ¤N¼GT # -/ )1.& 44 5VGORGNINCP\

1,5:1

1674

1,5:1

*C[TÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT 'FKTPG 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP -TGKU FCTWO CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 4CPF CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN I 2GTG ¤N¼GT $ -/ )1.& 4 5VGORGNIN·P\GPFGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT

1675

1676

1677

6ÒTMGK 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I ¤N¼GT -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 5VGORGNXCTKCPVG CWH DTGKVGTGO 5EJTÌV NKPI 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I ¤N¼GT -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

142

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1678

ex 1679

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1680

ex 1681

ex 1682

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG 5VGORGNXCTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKG TWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1683

ex 1684

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I ¤N¼GT -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 4·PFGT DGKFGTUGKVU OKV $NÒVGP IG\KGTV WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM $GKFG XQT\ÒINKEJ

143

MAHMÛD II.

1685

1686

1687

%+*#&+;' #75)#$'0 ,#*4'

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 6WIJTC OKV ITQGO )NÒEMUMPQVGP KP GPIGO +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGT TCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV MNGKPGO )NÒEMUMPQVGP KP GPIGO +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV ITQGO )NÒEMUMPQVGP KP DTGKVGO +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1688

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF 8CTKCPVGP CWH ITQGO WPF MNGKPGO 5EJTÌVNKPI 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C

-QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV )NÒEMUMPQVGP KP YGKVGO ,CJT D\Y GPIGO ,CJT +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVK IGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 2T·IGUEJY·EJGP KP 4CPFRCTVKGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1689

144

-WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF 8CTKCPVGP CWH ITQGO WPF MNGKPGO 5EJTÌVNKPI 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C

-QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV )NÒEMUMPQVGP KP YGKVGO +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 2T·IGUEJY·EJGP KP 4CPFRCTVKGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1690

1692

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV )NÒEMUMPQ VGP KP YGKVGO D\Y GPIGO +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV )NÒEMUMPQVGP KP +PPGP MTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT KO #XGTU UGJT UEJÌP

1693

1691

1694

1695

2CTC -WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV )NÒEMU MPQVGP KP +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

145

MAHMÛD II.

1696

1697

1698

1699

1700 1,5:1

1,5:1

2CTC -WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV )NÒEMUMPQ VGP KP +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 5EJKOMC #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

146

MAHMÛD II.

1701

1702

1703

+8 WPF 8 5GTKG

+MKNKM -WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP -PQVGP 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT KP -CTVWUEJG ÒDGT FGT /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF FGO ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP -CTVWUEJG I ¤N¼GT -/ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

+MKNKM -WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP +PPGP MTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ (NGEMKI XQT\ÒINKEJ

1705 ex 1704

ex 1704

+MKNKM -WTWUJ * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP OKV ITQGO WPF MNGKPGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C

-QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I ¤N¼GT -/ (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

1706

ex 1707

2CTC * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

147

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1708

ex 1709

ex 1710

1711

2CTC * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKG TWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ WPF DGUUGT

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 5EJKOMC #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

1712

148

ex 1713

ex 1714

ex 1715

ex 1716

2CTC * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF -/ WPF # 5VÒEM ,CJT 44 UGJT UEJÌP FKG CPFGTGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1718

ex 1717

8+ 8++ 5GTKG

2CTC FQRRGNVGT <QNQVC * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPUCPHCPIU KP <KGTTCPF 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF 5VGORGNINCP\

ex 1721 1720

ex 1719

2CTC <QNQVC * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPUCPHCPIU KP <KGTTCPF 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF 5VGORGNINCP\

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP OKV 4QUGVVGP DGNGIVGO (NGEJVDCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4CPF\KGT YKG #XGTU I ¤N¼GT -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP OKV 4Q UGVVGP DGNGIVGO (NGEJVDCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4CPF\KGT YKG #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM &CU ,CJT UGNVGP UGJT UEJÌP

8+++ +: 5GTKG

1722

0GWGT $GUJNKM * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH 'KEJGP WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU CWH 'KEJGP WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ I ¤N¼GT -/ 444 2GTHGMVG INGKEJO·KIG #WURT·IWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ &KGUG DKUNCPI WPRWDNK\KGTVG 8CTKCPVG UVGJV QHHGPUKEJVNKEJ CO #PHCPI FGT 2T·IWPI FGU J·WHKIGP %GFKF $GUJNKM &KG OKV GKPGT 5EJNGKHG XGTDWPFGPGP <YGKIG WO 6WIJTC WPF #WHUEJTKHV XGTTCVGP UEJQP FGWVNKEJ OKVVGNGWTQR·KUEJGP 'KP HNWUU FGT MWT\G <GKV FCTCWH FWTEJ /QPFUKEJGNP QUOCPKUKGTV YWTFG 'KEJG WPF .QTDGGT HKPFGP UKEJ GTUVOCNU CWH FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP WPVGT .WFYKI :8 'TUV HÒPH\GJP ,CJTG PCEJ FKGUGO ªDGTPCJOGXGTUWEJ KO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ MCO GU OKV FGP 4GHQTOOÒP\GP #DF CN /GLÄFU \WT &WTEJUGV\WPI FGT KP 'WTQRC CNNIGOGKP XGTDTGKVGVGP <YGKIG OKV 5EJNGKHGP LGFQEJ CWEJ FC MGKPGT 'KEJGP UQPFGTP PWT .QTDGGT\YGKIG #WEJ YGPP FCU XQTNKGIGPFG 5VÒEM MGKPG FGWVNKEJGP 7ONCWHURWTGP \GKIV UQ FGWVGV FGT NGKEJVG #DTKGD FGU 5KNDGTUWFU CWH JQEJIGNGIGPGP (N·EJGP FQEJ CP FCUU FKGUGU 5VÒEM PKEJV CNU 2TQDG UQPFGTP CWU FGO 7ONCWH KP GKPG HTÒJG 5COONWPI IGNCPIV UGKP FÒTHVG

149

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1724

ex 1723

0GWGT $GUJNKM * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP OKV 5EJNGKHG FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM ,CJT UGJT UEJÌP FKG CPFGTGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

0GWGT $GUJNKM OKV 2WPMV * ,CJT WPF 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP OKV 5EJNGKHG FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU DGKFGTUGKVU GKP 5VGTP WPVGT FGP 5EJNGKHGP FGT /QPFG WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM &KG GTUVGP DGKFGP 5VÒEMG UGJT UEJÌP FCU FTKVVG XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1725

ex 1726

;Ò\NÒM * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP OKV 5EJNGKHG FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM ,CJT UGJT UEJÌP FKG CPFGTGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

;Ò\NÒM OKV 2WPMV * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP OKV 5EJNGKHG FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU DGKFGTUGKVU LG YGKNU GKP 5VGTP WPVGT FGP 5EJNGKHGP WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

1727

1,5:1

150

1,5:1

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH 'KEJGP WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU CWH 'KEJGP WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ I ¤N¼GT C -/ 444 5VGORGNINCP\

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1728

ex 1729

-WTWUJ * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP OKV 5EJNGKHG FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

-WTWUJ OKV 2WPMV * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP OKV 5EJNGKHG FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU DGKFGTUGKVU LGYGKNU GKP 5VGTP WPVGT FGP 5EJNGKHGP WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

1730

ex 1731

ex 1732

-WRHGT 2CTC * ,CJT 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN XGTOWVNKEJ GKPG \GKVIGPÌUUK UEJG (·NUEJWPI 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP OKV 5EJNGKHG FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU DGKFGTUGKVU LGYGKNU GKP 5VGTP WPVGT FGP 5EJNGKHGP I \W ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP OKV 5EJNGKHG FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU DGKFGTUGKVU LG YGKNU GKP 5VGTP WPVGT FGP 5EJNGKHGP WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC OKV 2WPMV * ,CJT 8CT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C

-QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP OKV 5EJNGKHG FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU DGKFGTUGKVU LGYGKNU GKP 5VGTP WPVGT FGP 5EJNGKHGP WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM ,CJTG WPF UGJT UEJÌP FKG CPFGTGP XQT\ÒINKEJ QFGT DGUUGT

ex 1733

ex 1734

ex 1735

2CTC OKV 2WPMV * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ CWH \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP OKV 5EJNGKHG FCTWO GKP $N·VVGT WPF $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU DGKFGTUGKVU LGYGKNU GKP 5VGTP WPVGT FGP 5EJNGKHGP PKEJV IGYQIGP WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

#NVKNKM -WTWUJ * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ WOIGDGP XQP 5VTGWDNWOGP KP 2GTN WPF $NÒVGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

151

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1737

ex 1736

#NVKNKM -WTWUJ * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ WOIGDGP XQP 5VTGWDNWOGP KP 2GTN WPF $NÒVGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU KP 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM &CU GTUVG 5VGORGNINCP\ FKG CPFGTGP UGJT UEJÌP

ª¼NÒM -WTWUJ * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ WOIGDGP XQP 5VTGWDNWOGP KP 2GTN WPF $NÒVGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ª¼NÒM -WTWUJ * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ WOIGDGP XQP 5VTGWDNWOGP KP 2GTN WPF $NÒVGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU KP 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM &KG GTUVGP DGKFGP XQT\ÒINKEJ FCU FTKVVG UGJT UEJÌP OKV )TÒPURCPHNGEM

ex 1739

ex 1738

ex 1740

#NVOiqNiM 2CTC -WTWUJ * ,CJT WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ WOIGDGP XQP 5VTGWDNWOGP KP 2GTN WPF $NÒVGPMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP 'KPHCUUWPI YKG KO #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1741

ex 1742

2CTCRT·IWPIGP

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP WPF 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKP QRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ WPF 5VÒEM 9GPKIG UGJT UEJÌP OGKUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKP QRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

152

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1743

ex 1745

ex 1744

ex 1746

ex 1747

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU PKEJV IGYQIGP WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C

-QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ WPF 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP WPF 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ WPF 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP 5VÒEM WPF 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ WPF 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP WPF 8CTKCPVGP 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKP QRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1748

1750

ex 1749

ex 1751

1,5:1

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP 8CTKCPVGP WPF 8CTKCPVGP UQYKG \YGK 5VÒEMG OKV WPUKEJGTGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJTGP WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKG TWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

#M¼G * ,CJTG WPF 3WUVCPVÄPÄ[C -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT WPVGT 2CTC -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

4WPFGT -WRHGT #M¼G * 9³P 8CP 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

4WPFGT -WRHGT #M¼G * 9³P 8CP 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT WPF I -/ 5VÒEM 44 5GJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

1752

1,5:1

1XCNGT -WRHGT #M¼G * 9³P 8CP 6WIJTC 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I 8IN -/

MGPPV FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV 44 7PINGKEJO·KIG #WURT·IWPI UGJT UEJÌP

153

MAHMÛD II.

1,5:1

1753

1,5:1

+TCM )QNFOÒP\G

*C[TÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP -TGKU FCTWO CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 4CPF CNVGTPKG TGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT MGPPV PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT -/ )1.& 5GJT UGNVGPGU ,CJT )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

&KG 0QOKPCNG FGT $CIJFCFGT /ÒP\RT·IWPI UKPF KP FGT I·PIKIGP $GUVKOOWPIUNKVGTCVWT WPUKEJGT WPF KP FGT 4GIGN CWU ªDGTVTCIWPIGP CWU FGT LGYGKNU \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP /ÒP\RT·IWPI -QPUVCPVKPQRGNU GTUEJNQUUGP XQP FGT UKG UKEJ CDGT FGWVNKEJ WPVGTUEJGKFGP

1754

1755

1756

+TCM 5KNDGT WPF -WRHGTOÒP\GP

,CFKF $GUJNKM * ,CJT $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X 6[RGPÒDGTPCJOG XQO -QPUVCPVKPQRNGT +MKNKM FGT ,CJTG I (QPTQDGTV CNU ;Ò\NÒM 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

,CFKF $GUJNKM * ,CJT ! $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X 6[RGPÒDGTPCJOG XQO -QPUVCPVKPQRNGT +MKNKM FGT ,CJTG I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ .GKEJVGT &QRRGNUEJNCI KO 4X FCFWTEJ 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPMNCT UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

1757

154

-WTWUJ * ,CJT $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG WOIGDGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WOIGDGP XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 6[RGPÒDGTPCJOG XQO -QPUVCPVKPQRNGT 4WOK #NVKP I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ 6GKNU UEJYCEJ CWUIGRT·IV UGJT UEJÌP

MAHMÛD II.

1758

1,5:1

-WTWUJ ! * ,CJT $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV -PQVGP KP OGJTHCEJGO <KGTMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 7OTCPFWPI I WPRWDNK\KGTV! 444 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

1759

1760

4GFW\KGTVGT -WTWUJ ! * ,CJT $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV -PQVGP KP GKPHCEJGO 2GTNMTGKU \YKUEJGP (CFGPMTGKUGP 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJGT 7OTCPFWPI I -/ FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT CDIGDKNFGV 44 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC <QNQVC * ,CJTG $CIJFCF 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

1761

ex 1762

2CTC ! * ,CJT $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP OKV 2WPMVGP DGNGIVGO (NGEJVDCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4CPF\KGT YKG #XGTU I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

2CTC ! * ,CJT $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P OKV FGO 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG <YGK 8CTKCPVGP WPF I ¤N¼GT D -/ CNU -WTWUJ 5VÒEM $GKO GTUVGP 5VÒEM UGJT UEJÌP FCU \YGKVG UEJÌP QJPG GTMGPPDCTGU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT

1763

1764

2CTC ! * ,CJT $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ CNU 2CTC )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC ! * ,CJT $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP +PPGPMTGKU FCTWO HNQTCNGT <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP INGKEJCTVKIGT (CUUWPI YKG KO #X 6[RGP ÒDGTPCJOG XQO -QPUVCPVKPQRNGT +MKNKM FGT ,CJTG I ¤N¼GT -/ 5EJÌP

155

MAHMÛD II.

1766

1765

2CTC * $CIJFCF +O 0COGP FGU 9CNK 5C ÄF 2³UJ³ UC ÄF R³UJ³ KP CEJVURKVKIGO 5VGTP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I ¤N¼GT -/ 4 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP &T $WUUQ 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

&KG KP FGP NGV\VGP ,CJT\GJPVGP OGJTHCEJ DKU \WT #WHPCJOG KP FGP -TCWUG /KUJNGT -CVCNQI YKGFGTJQNVG )GUEJKEJVG FCUU FKG 'KIGPO·EJVKIMGKV FGU 5C KF 2³UJ³ -WRHGTOÒP\GP KO GKIGPGP 0COGP \W RT·IGP FKGUGP FCU .GDGP IGMQUVGV JCDG IGJÌTV KP FGP $GTGKEJ OQFGTPGT .GIGPFGPDKNFWPI &KG 2T·IWPI GTHQNIVG OKV $KNNKIWPI FGT QUOCPKUEJGP <GPVTCNTGIKGTWPI

2CTC * $CIJFCF /KV -PQVGP CPUVGNNG FGU 0COGPU FGU 9CNK 5C ÄF 2³UJ³ KP CEJVURKVKIGO 5VGTP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP +UNCOKE %QKPU #WEVKKQP .QPFQP 0T

ex 1768

1767

2CTC * $CIJFCF *CNDOQPF OKV 5VGTP KP 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT I ¤N¼GT D XCT -/ XCT 5EJYCEJ CWUIGRT·IV UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT $CIJFCF 6WIJTC KP GKPGO CWTEJ GKPG 9GNNGPNKPKG OKV 2WPMVGP IGDKNFGVGP <KGT TCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 8CTKCPVGP WPF I ¤N¼GT C -/ 5VÒEM 5EJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

1769

1770

2CTC! * $CIJFCF 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP <KGTTCPF 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I ¤N¼GT -/ -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *WUPK

5CWFK #TCDKGP -WRHGTOÒP\G

(CNU QFGT *CNDOCJOWFK * /CMMC /GMMC /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPCICDG KP \YGK <GKNGP FC\YKUEJGP GKP 8QIGN NKPMUJKP 4X &QRRGNVGU XGTYKNFGTVGU &CVWO FC\YKUEJGP GKP (KUEJ (QPTQDGTV ¤N¼GT C -/

1771

1,5:1

I[RVGP )QNFOÒP\GP

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU $GK\GKEJGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKP 2WPMV NKPMU WPVGP GKP 2WPMV 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I #TVWM ,CJT 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 44 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

156

MAHMÛD II.

1772

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU $GK\GKEJGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKP -PQVGP NKPMU WPVGP FTGK 2WPMVG 4X 6KVGN 4GIKG TWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 44 5GJT UEJÌP 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVOGDGT 0T

1773

1,5:1

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU $GK\GKEJGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG $NWOG NKPMU WPVGP XKGT 2WPMVG 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/

LGFQEJ QJPG C\\C PCUTCJW )1.& 44 -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUTK 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

1775

1774

<GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU $GK\GKEJGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG -PQVGP NKPMU WPVGP \YGK 2WPMVG 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/

LGFQEJ QJPG C\\C PCUTCJW )1.& 4 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

*CNDGT <GT K OCJDÑD * /KUT -CKTQ QJPG 9CNK\GKEJGP 6WIJTC ÒDGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU $GK\GKEJGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKP 2WPMV NKPMU WPVGP GKP 2WPMV 4X 6KVGN 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 5NI (QPTQDGTV #TVWM !

,CJT FQTV CNU OKV C\\C PCUTCJW DGUEJTKGDGP 2GTG XCT ¤N¼GT -/ LGFQEJ OKV C\\C PCUTCJW )1.& 44 5VCTMG -PKEMURWT UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ 1MVQDGT 0T

&KG (QTVNCUUWPI FGU 5GIGPUYWPUEJGU C\\C PCUTCJW WPVGT FGT 6WIJTC KP FGT )QNFRT·IWPI GTHQNIVG QHHGPDCT \YKUEJGP FGO FTKVVGP WPF HÒPHVGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT FCWGTJCHV WPF PKEJV YKG DGK -TCWUG /KUJNGT CPIGPQOOGP PWT KUQNKGTV KO HÒPHVGP ,CJT 7TUCEJG YCT FGT CPJCNVGPFG -TKGIU\WUVCPF \YKUEJGP FGO -JGFKXGP /WJCOOCF #NK WPF FGT 2HQTVG KP FGT GKP 5KGIGUYWPUEJ HÒT FGP -TKGIUIGIPGT WPRCUUGPF UGKP OWUUVG &CUU FGT JCNDG <GT K OCJDWD XQO 4GIKG TWPIULCJT KO #TMGQNQLK /Ò\G FKGUGP 5GIGPUYWPUEJ VTCIGP UQNNVG DGFCTH FGT ªDGTRTÒHWPI \WOCN FCU *CNDUVÒEM KP FGT 5COONWPI FGT ;CRK -TGFK $CPM 2GTG XQO UGNDGP ,CJT FGP 5GIGPUYWPUEJ PKEJV \GKIV

1,5:1

1776

1,5:1

8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT YQJN ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP FGT /KVVG ÒDGT FGO $WEJUVCDGP DC XQP FWTKDC GKP 5VGTP I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 44 -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ YQJN CWU 0T FQTV PKEJV TKEJVKI DGUEJTKGDGP

157

MAHMÛD II.

1777

ex 1779

ex 1780

8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT ! /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X

QJPG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 4 -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUTKUU WPF FG\GPVTKGTV UGJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN <GT K OCJDÑD * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG KP FQRRGNVGO -TGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& &CU \YGKVG 5VÒEM IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN 4ÑOÄ #NVKP * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG KP <KGTMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP <KGTMTGKU WPF I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN 4ÑOÄ #NVKP * ,CJT WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CP FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG KP <KGTMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP <KGTMTGKU WPF I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM )1.& &CU FTKVVG 5VÒEM OKV UVCTMGT -PKEMURWT UQPUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

1781

ex 1778

1782

1783

1784

*CNDGT *C[TÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP -TGKU FCTWO CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 6KVWNCVWT 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 4CPF CNVGTPKGTGPF <YGKIG WPF 1XCNG OKV 0COG WPF 6KVGN I #TVWM 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

&CU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT UKGJV YKG CWU YCU CPIGUKEJVU FGU 5VÒEMGU FGT ;CRK -TGFK $CPM 2GTG CWH FGO FCU ,CJT IGNGUGP YWTFG UKPPXQNN GTUEJGKPV &KG #DDKNFWPI DGK 2GTG OCEJV FKG .GUWPI LGFQEJ WPUKEJGT WPF KO XQTNKG IGPFGP (CNN UEJGKPV GU CWEJ OÌINKEJ \W UGKP FCUU 4QUVHTC KO 5VGORGN FKG <KHHGT FGU <GJPGTU KP GKPG XGTYCP FGNVG

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

158

MAHMÛD II.

1,5:1

1787

1786

1785

/CJOÑFÄ[C 1PNWM QFGT JCNDGT PGWGT /CJOÑFÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP 9GNNGPDCPF OKV 8 HÌTOKIGP (ÒNNQTPCOGPVGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKG TWPIULCJT KO 9GNNGPDCPF YKG KO #XGTU I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 5VGORGNINCP\

/CJOÑFÄ[C 1PNWM QFGT JCNDGT PGWGT /CJOÑFÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP 9GNNGPDCPF OKV 2WPMVGP CNU (ÒNNQTPCOGPVGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKG TWPIULCJT KO 9GNNGPDCPF YKG KO #XGTU I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 44 5VGORGNINCP\

/CJOÑFÄ[C 1PNWM QFGT JCNDGT PGWGT /CJOÑFÄ[C #NVKP * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP 9GNNGPDCPF OKV IGUVKGNVGP $N·VVGTP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT KO 9GNNGPDCPF YKG KO #XGTU I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 8QP NGKEJV MQTTQFKGTVGP 5VGORGNP 5VGORGNINCP\

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

1,5:1

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 44 .GKEJVG (CUUWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

1788

1789

1,5:1

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 44 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 7$5 <ÒTKEJ 0T

1790

1791

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ,CJT XIN ¤N¼GT

PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

159

MAHMÛD II.

1793

1792

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT .KUVG 5VGRJGP #NDWO 5CPVC 4QUC 0T

1,5:1

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG CO 4CPF 5VTGWDNWOGP 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT CO 4CPF 5VTGWDNWOGP I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

1796

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJTG /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJTG /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ¤N¼GT FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP 0T

1797

1,5:1

1798

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJTG /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP FQRRGNVGO -TGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 4 .GKEJV YGNNKI XQT\ÒINKEJ

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJTG /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& -CWO UKEJVDCTG (CUUWPIUURWTGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJTG /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 4 .GKEJV IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

160

1800

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

1799

4GHQTOKGTVGT 3WTÑUJ * ,CJTG /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KP FQRRGNVGO -TGKU 4X /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU QDGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT I 2GTG ¤N¼GT XIN -/ )1.& 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP 0T

1,5:1

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 6WTCVJ ++ #WMVKQP 5RKPM .QPFQP 0T

1795

1794

1,5:1

MAHMÛD II.

1801

I[RVGP 5KNDGT WPF -WRHGTOÒP\GP

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC ÒDGT /\UV WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU $GK\GKEJGP TGEJVU PGDGP FGT 6WIJTC GKPG FTGKDN·VVTKIG $NWOG NKPMU WPVGP FTGK 2WPMVG 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I ¤N¼GT C -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG

1802

1803

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGO &TGKDNCVV CWH FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT ! -/ 44 5EJÌP UGJT UEJÌP

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGO &TGKDNCVV CWH FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT ! -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 5RKPM <ÒTKEJ 0T

1804

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 8CTKCPVG \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM 6WIJTC OKV GKPGO -PQVGP CWH FGT TGEJVGP WPF GKPGO 5VGTP CWH FGT NKPMGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 4 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1807

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGO -PQVGP CWH FGT TGEJVGP WPF GKPGO 5VGTP CWH FGT NKPMGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC 8CTKCPVGP OKV GKPGO -PQVGP CWH FGT TGEJVGP WPF GKPGO 5VGTP CWH FGT NKPMGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM )TQDG 2T·IWPI UGJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG

1805

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGO -PQVGP CWH FGT TGEJVGP WPF GKPGO MCWO UKEJVDCTGP 5VGTP CWH FGT NKPMGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 4 5EJÌP UGJT UEJÌP

1806

161

MAHMÛD II.

1808

1809

1810

ex 1811

2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGT FTGKDN·VVTKIGP $NWOG CWH FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGO -PQVGP CWH FGT TGEJVGP WPF 5VGTP CWH FGT NKPMGP! 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT ! -/ 5EJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGT FTGKDN·VVTKIGP $NWOG CWH FGT TGEJVGP WPF GKPGO 5VGTP CWH FGT NKPMGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 5EJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGT FTGKDN·VVTKIGP $NWOG KO ,CJT WPF GKPGO -PQVGP KO ,CJT CWH FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5EJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

1812

ex 1813

2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGT FTGKDN·VVTKIGP $NWOG CWH FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG CWH FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG KP DTGKVGO <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM ,CJT OKV IGUVQRHVGO .QEJ UGJT ITQDG 2T·IWPI UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1815 ex 1814

2CTC * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGT $NWOG CWH FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM )TQDG 2T·IWPIGP OKV 2T·IGUEJY·EJGP UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

162

2CTC * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGT $NWOG CWH FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 4G IKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM $GKO GTUVGP 5VÒEM <CKPGPFG UGJT UEJÌP FCU \YGKVG UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

ex 1816

2CTC * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV GKPGT $NWOG CWH FGT TGEJVGP 5GKVG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU DGKO ,CJT OKV DTGKVGO <KGTTCPF WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF -/ WPF # 5VÒEM &CU GTUVG 5VÒEM XQT\ÒINKEJ FCU \YGKVG UEJÌP FCU FTKVVG <CKPGPFG UGJT UEJÌP

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1818

ex 1817

2CTC * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 'KP 5VÒEM IGNQEJV UEJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP GKPOCN ,CJT WPUKEJGT 5VÒEM 8CTKCPVGP WPF 5VÒEM /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM /GKUV UGJT UEJÌP

&KG DGK -TCWUG /KUJNGT WPVGT FGT 0T # KP 'PVURTGEJWPI \W ¤N¼GT CWU FGT 2CTC 4GKJG CWUIGINKGFGTVGP #M¼G CD ,CJT FÒTHVGP OKV ITQGT 9CJTUEJGKPNKEJMGKV GDGPHCNNU 2CTC QFGT 0KUH HKFFC IGYGUGP UGKP

ex 1820

ex 1819

0GWGT 3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP OKV 4QUGVVGP DGNGIVGO (NGEJVDCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4CPF\KGT YKG #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

0GWGT 3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP OKV 4QUGVVGP DG NGIVGO (NGEJVDCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4CPF\KGT YKG #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF 5VGORGNINCP\

ex 1821

ex 1822

0GWGT 2CTC * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP OKV 4QUGVVGP DGNGIVGO (NGEJVDCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4CPF\KGT YKG #XGTU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1823

ex 1824

ex 1825

1826

2CTC * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

163

MAHMÛD II.

1828

1827

4GHQTO 3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP OKV WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGT <GKEJPWPI FGT -T·P\G WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KO $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU KO $NÒVGPMTCP\ WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM ,CJT 5VGORGNINCP\ FKG CPFGTGP UGJT UEJÌP ,CJT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP U +UNCOKE %QKPU #WEVKQP .QPFQP 0T

4GHQTO 2CTC * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ KO $NÒVGPMTCP\ 4X 4GIKG TWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KO $NÒVGPMTCP\ WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ WPF 5VGORGNINCP\ ,CJT 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI /CE-GP\KG

1829

-WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM # ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ 44 .GKEJVG -TCV\GT UQPUV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ OKV EJCTCMVGTKUVKUEJGT ITQDGT 1DGTHN·EJG FGU 5EJTÌVNKPIU

1830

-WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM # ¤N¼GT -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1833 1831

164

1832

-WTWUJ * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I #TVWM $ ,CJT ¤N¼GT -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

3KTUJ -WTWUJ * ,CJTG 8CTKCPVGP WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM ,CJT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ FKG CPFGTGP UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM ,CJT UGJT UEJÌP ,CJT UEJÌP ,CJT XQT\ÒINKEJ

MAHMÛD II.

1834

1835

1836

1,5:1

2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP ,GCP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ WGTUV UGNVGPGU ,CJT 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

1838

2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ ÒDGT 9GTVCPICDG 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

1837

1839

ex 1840

-WRHGT 2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC KP YGNNGPHÌTOKIGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4X 4GIKGTWPIU LCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

-WRHGT 2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC KP YGNNGPHÌTOKIGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VGORGNINCP\

9KEJVKIG GTUVG 2T·IWPI FGT PGWGP /ÒP\UV·VVG 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GTKVCIG 5GRVGODGT 0T

-WRHGT 2CTC * ,CJT /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC KP YGNNGPHÌTOKIGT 'KPHCUUWPI 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT -/ -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP +UNCOKE %QKP #WEVKQP .QPFQP 0T

-WRHGT 2CTC * ,CJT 8CTKCPVGP OKV WPF QJPG 4CPFMTGKU 8CTKCPVGP 2CTC * ,CJTG WPF /KUT -CKTQ 6WIJTC ÒDGT 9GTV 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT # WPF $ C -/ 5VÒEM 5EJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

1841

.KD[GP 5KNDGT WPF $KNNQPOÒP\GP

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV 5 HÌTOKIGT $NWOG KP -TGKU WPF <KGT TCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP <KGTTCPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP ,GCP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

165

MAHMÛD II.

1842

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV 5 HÌTOKIGT $NWOG KP <KGTTCPF 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP <KGTTCPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 4 (CUV UGJT UEJÌP

1843

1844

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

-WTWUJ * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P CPUVGNNG GKPGU 4GIKGTWPIULCJTGU GKP -PQVGP ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

1845

1846

1847

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV FTGKDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG WPF \YGK 5VGTPGP ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV -PQVGP WPF \YGK 5VGTPGP ÒDGT /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG LG GKP 5VGTP KP FGT /KVVG FGT GTHUVGP FTGK <GKNGP I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV -PQVGP WPF FTGK 8 HÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5VCTMG ,WUVKGTURWTGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 5EJKOMC #WMVKQP 2GWU 0CEJH (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T

166

MAHMÛD II.

1848

1849

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV 5 HÒTOKIGT $NWOG WPF \YGK 5VGTPGP ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT C -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

1850

1,5:1

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV *CNDOQPF ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP -TGKU FCTWO HTGKGT 4CWO WPF ·WGTGT -TGKU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 4CPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT E -/ 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJ OKV XQNNGO 5KNDGTUWF

1851

1852

-WTWUJ * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV *CNDOQPF ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU FCTWO HTGKGT 4CWO WPF GKP -TGKU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 4CPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

167

MAHMÛD II.

1853

1854

1855

<QNQVC * ,CJT HÒT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6KVGN 0COG /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKG TWPIUCPHCPIU KO <KGTTCPF 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 4CPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

<QNQVC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6KVGN 0COG /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCP HCPIU KO <KGTTCPF 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 4CPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

1856

1,5:1

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP -TGKU FCTWO HTGKGT 4CWO WPF GKP <KGTMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4CPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\

1857

1858

2CTC * ,CJT ! 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KP -TGKU FCTWO HTGKGT 4CWO WPF GKP <KGTMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4CPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT ! -/ 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV 5 HÒTOKIGT $NWOG WPF \YGK 5VGTPGP ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P CPUVGNNG GKPGU 4GIKGTWPIULCJTGU ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG FGT $WEJUVCDG PÑP I ¤N¼GT C -/ 44 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

168

MAHMÛD II.

1859

1860

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6KVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ FCTWPVGT FCU 4G IKGTWPIULCJT 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT C -/ 4 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV *CNDOQPF ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 4CPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP ,GCP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

1861

1862

1863

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV 2WPMV KP -TGKU FCTWO HTGKGT 4CWO WPF GKP <KGTMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 4CPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT .KUVG $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV -PQVGP ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 4CPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP ,GCP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV -PQVGP ÒDGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KP .KPKGP WPF 2GTNMTGKU 4X 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P FCU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT ÒDGT FGO 'PFG FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG 4CPF YKG KO #X 8CTKCPVG \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM OKV CPFGTGT #WHVGKNWPI FGU 4GIKG TWPIULCJTGU I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

1864

1865

2CTC ! QFGT 2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV TWFKOGPV·TGT $NWOG KP -TGKU FCTWO HTGKGT 4CWO WPF GKP <KGTMTGKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4CPF YKG KO #X I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 )GNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

169

MAHMÛD II.

1866

1867

.KD[GP -WRHGTOÒP\GP

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV $NWOG KO 8KGTRCUU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I (QPTQDGTV -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

1868

ex 1869

2CTC * ,CJT ! 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV FTGKDM·VVTKIGT $NÒVG KO 8KGTRCUU 4X WPMNCTGU 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I 8IN (QPTQDGTV -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

2CTC QJPG ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU UWNV³P OCJOÑF MJ³P 4X /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG 8CTKCP VGP WPF I ¤N¼GT C XCT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1870

ex 1871

2CTC * WPF QJPG 4GIKGTWPIULCJT 8CTKCPVGP 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU UWNV³P OCJOÑF MJ³P 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT C WPF E -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC QJPG ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU &WTKDC 4X HÄ VCT³DNWU 8CTKCPVGP WPF I ¤N¼GT D XCT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF DGUUGT

ex 1872

2CTC * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC QJPG $GK\GKEJGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 8CTKCPVGP FCXQP GKP 5VÒEM OKV FGWVNKEJGP ªDGTRT·IWPIUURWTGP CWH FGP 6[R ¤N¼GT C FKG ,CJTGU\CJN VGKNYGKUG KTTVÒONKEJ IGUEJTKGDGP WPF I ¤N¼GT F -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6WIJTC VGKNU OKV $GK\GKEJGP 2WPMVG WPF $NWOG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 8CTKCPVGP WPF I ¤N¼GT F -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1874

170

ex 1873

1875

2CTC ! * 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC QJPG $GK\GKEJGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU 8CTKCPVGP 6[R YKG XQTJGT LGFQEJ FGWVNKEJ MNGKPGTGT &WTEJOGUUGT WPF IGTKP IGTGU )GYKEJV FC\W GKP IGTKPI GTJCNVGPGT 2CTC OKV 8KGTRCUUGKPHCUUWPI DGKFGTUGKVU WPF I ¤N¼GT D WPF F -/ WPF 5VÒEM 5EJÌP WPF UGJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU UWNV³P OCJOÑF MJ³P C\\C PCUTCJW 4X 4GIKG TWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVGPCPICDG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT C -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1876

1877

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU FWTKDC HÄ 6CT³DNWU 4X IJCTD 8CTKCP VGP OKV XGTUEJKGFGPGP 2WPMVKGTWPIGP FGU 9QTVGU IJCTD WPF I ¤N¼GT C -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU +P 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU FWTKDC HÄ 6CT³DNWU 4X KP INGKEJGT 'KPHCUUWPI IJCTD I ¤N¼GT C -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

1878

1879

1880

1881

ex 1882

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 5VGTP FWTKDC HÄ 4X 6CT³DNWU HÄ I ¤N¼GT D -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJT =6CT³DNWU IJCTD? 6TKRQNKU UWNV³P 4X OCJOÑF I ¤N¼GT C -/ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU I ¤N¼GT G -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU -PQVGP FCTWO 6KVGN 0COG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG I ¤N¼GT C XCT -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU -PQVGP FCTWO 6KVGN 0COG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIU CPHCPIU 4X 4GIKGTWPIULCJT WPF /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF I ¤N¼GT C XCT -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1883

ex 1884

2CTC * ,CJT 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 6WIJTC OKV CFNÄ! TGEJVU WPF NKPMU KO -TCP\ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU KO -TCP\ WPF I ¤N¼GT D -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP

2CTC * ,CJT WPDGMCPPV 6CT³DNWU IJCTD 6TKRQNKU 5KIKNNWO 5CNQOQPKU OKV XKGT 2WPMVGP KP FGT /KVVG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF ,CJT FGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPHCPIU WPF I ¤N¼GT C -/ 5VÒEM 5EJÌP UGJT UEJÌP

1885

6WPGUKGP 5KNDGT WPF $KNNQPOÒP\GP

&QRRGNVGT 4K[CN * 6ÑPKU #WH WONCWHGPFGO $CPF 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FGT /KVVG #PICDG FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X CWH WONCWHGPFGO $CPF 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P KP FGT /KVVG GKP )NÒEMUMPQVGP KO 9QTV MJ³P FCTWPVGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ I 2GTG ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP QJPG GTJCNVGPGO 5KNDGTUWF

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 0WOKUOCVKEC )GPGXGPUKU )GPH 0T

171

MAHMÛD II.

1886

1887

1888

&QRRGNVGT 4K[CN * 6ÑPKU #WH WONCWHGPFGO $CPF 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FGT /KVVG #PICDG FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X CWH WONCWHGPFGO $CPF 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P KP FGT /KVVG GKP )NÒEMUMPQVGP KO 9QTV MJ³P FCTWPVGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ OKV YGKVIGJGPF GTJCNVGPGO 5KNDGTUWF

&QRRGNVGT 4K[CN * 6ÑPKU #WH WONCWHGPFGO $CPF 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FGT /KVVG #PICDG FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X CWH WONCWHGPFGO $CPF 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P KP FGT /KVVG GKP )NÒEMUMPQVGP KO 9QTV MJ³P FCTWPVGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 8CTKCPVG \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM W C OKV ITÌGTGT ,CJTGU\CJN CWH MNGKPGTGO 5EJTÌVNKPI I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP OKV YGKVIGJGPF GTJCNVGPGO 5KNDGTUWF

&QRRGNVGT 4K[³N * 6ÑPKU #WH WONCWHGPFGO $CPF 6KVGN 5WNVCPUPCOG WPF 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FGT /KVVG #PICDG FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X CWH WONCWHGPFGO $CPF 6KVGN UWNV³P CN DCTTC[P KP FGT /KVVG GKP )NÒEMUMPQVGP KO 9QTV MJ³P FCTWPVGT 5GIGPUYWPUEJ I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 44 <CKPGPFG UGJT UEJÌP QJPG 5KNDGTUWF

1889

1890

1891

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UEJÌP

172

MAHMÛD II.

1892

1893

ex 1894

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG XQT\ÒINKEJ

4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 5GJT UGNVGPGU ,CJT -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP KP GKPGP 4JQODWU GKPIGUEJTKGDGPGT -PQVGP WPF I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1895

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP QTPCOGPVKGTVGT -PQVGP WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP &TGK\CEM WPF I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1897

ex 1896

ex 1898

4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP &TGK\CEM WPF I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

4K[³N 8CTKCPVGP WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP &TGK\CEM WPF I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

173

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1900

ex 1899

4K[³N 5VÒEM WPF 8CTKCPVGP * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KO 8KGTRCUU QDGP GKP &TGK\CEM WPF I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT 4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KP GKPGO -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP

ex 1901

ex 1902

*CNDGT 4K[³N 8CTKCPVGP WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KP GKPGO -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG QDGP GKP HNQTCN XGT\KGTVGT GKPHCEJGT -PQVGP WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT 4K[³N WPF * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KP GKPGO -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP WPF I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC WPF -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP

1904

1903

8KGTVGN 4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO KP 5GEJ URCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC XIN -/ PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV *GPMGNURWT <CKPGPFG UGJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN 4K[³N * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN 0COG WPF 5GIGPUHQTOGN 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF &CVWO 5GEJ URCUU QDGP GKP FQRRGNVGT -PQVGP I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 44 (NGEM XQT\ÒINKEJ

1906

ex 1905 1,5:1

1907 1,5:1

1,5:1

-JCTTÑDC 5VÒEM WPF * 6ÑPKU UWNV³P OCJOÑF 4X 2T·IGLCJT /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF /ÒP\\GKEJGP WPF I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP YGPKIG DGUUGT

3WCFTCVKUEJGT 0³UKTÄ * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN UWNV³P OCJOÑF 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I ¤N¼GT (GPKPC -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

3WCFTCVKUEJGT 0³UKTÄ * 6ÑPKU 5WNVCPUVKVGN UWNV³P OCJOÑF 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I XIN ¤N¼GT MGPPV FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV (GPKPC XIN -/ PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT 444 8QT\ÒINKEJ

174

MAHMÛD II.

1909

1908

#NIGTKGP )QNFOÒP\GP

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT OKV FQRRGNVGO -PQVGP \YKUEJGP FGP 9ÌTVGTP /CJOÑF WPF -J³P 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM

* 2GTG * -/ PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT )1.& 5GNVGPGT ,CJTICPI <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM * 2GTG * -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&KG ,CJTGU\CJN RCUUV PKEJV \WO 6[R OKV -PQVGP WPF ,CJTGU\CJN KP FGT FTKVVGP <GKNG #WEJ CO 'PFG FGT GT ,CJTG UQNNVG FGT -PQVGP HGJNGP WPF FKG &CVKGTWPI CO 'PFG FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG \W HKPFGP UGKP #WEJ FCU NGKEJVG )GYKEJV URTKEJV GJGT HÒT GKPG UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI 8KGNNGKEJV JCPFGNV GU UKEJ WO GKPG 2T·IWPI XQP * DGK FGT FGT 5VGORGN UEJPGKFGT HÒT FKG <KHHGT FKG (QTO FGT ·I[RVKUEJGP 4WS C 5EJTKHV Y·JNVG YGNEJG FGT FGT &TWEMV[RGP GPVURTKEJV

1911

1910

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG FKG /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF KP FGT FTKVVGP FCU 2T·IGLCJT OKV FQRRGNVGO -PQVGP \YKUEJGP FGP 9ÌTVGTP /CJOÑF WPF -J³P KP FGT \YGK VGP <GKNG 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P I #TVWM * 2GTG * -/ )1.& 'VYCU DGTKGDGP MN 5EJTÌVNKPIUTK XQT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 7$5 <ÒTKEJ 0T

1912

1913

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP /CKUQP 2CNQODQ /CTUGKNNG 0T

1914

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP )QTP[ /QUEJ /ÒPEJGP 0T

175

MAHMÛD II.

1915

1916

5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FGT XKGTVGP <GKNG FKG /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF KP FGT FTKVVGP FCU 2T·IGLCJT OKV FQRRGNVGO -PQVGP \YKUEJGP FGP 9ÌTVGTP /CJOÑF WPF -J³P KP FGT \YGK VGP <GKNG 4X 6KVGN UWNVCP CN DCTTC[P 2WPVXCTKCPVG KO 4GX \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM I #TVWM 2GTG * ¤N¼GT # -/ )1.& <YGKHCEJ IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT .KUVG 5VGRJGP #NDWO 5CPVC 4QUC 0T

1917

1918

1919

1920

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM * 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 8QT\ÒINKEJ

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM * 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 5GJT UEJÌP

*CNDGT 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM * 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 4·PFGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

1922 1921

8KGTVGN 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM * 2GTG * XIN ¤N¼GT PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

8KGTVGN 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM 2GTG * XIN ¤N¼GT -/ )1.& 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'ZGORNCT FGT .KUVG 5VGRJGP #NDWO 5CPVC 4QUC 0T

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP $CNFYKP .QPFQP 0T

176

1923

8KGTVGN 5WNVCPK * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN WPF 0COG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I #TVWM * 2GTG * XIN ¤N¼GT PKEJV FKGUGU ,CJT -/ )1.& 5GNVGPGU ,CJT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1924

#NIGTKGP 5KNDGTOÒP\GP

&QRRGNVGT $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG WPF I #TVWM * 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

ex 1925

1927

1926

&QRRGNVGT $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG WPF I #TVWM * 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM &CU \YGKVG 5VÒEM OKV 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP

&QRRGNVGT $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG I #TVWM * 2GTG * XIN ¤N¼GT

MGPPV FKGUGU ,CJT PKEJV -/ 5VGORGNINCP\

&QRRGNVGT $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG WPF I #TVWM * 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1928

ex 1929

$WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 8CTKCPVGP OKV MNGKPGO WPF ITQGO /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOGP 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG WPF I 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP

$WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG WPF I 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

177

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1930

$WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T· IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG WPF I 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

$WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6WIJTC KP \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG I (QPTQDGTV 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5VGORGNINCP\

ex 1932

1931

ex 1934

ex 1933

1935

&TKVVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP CEJV\CEMKIGO 5VGTP WPF I ¤N¼GT QJPG 0CEJYGKU HÒT FCU ,CJT * -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP

&TKVVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF YQJN KTTVÒONKEJ FGO 5VGTPV[R \WIGQTFPGV -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP

&TKVVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF YQJN KTTVÒONKEJ FGO 5VGTPV[R \WIGQTFPGV -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

&TKVVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU I ¤N¼GT -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 'NUGP $TÒUUGN 0T

ex 1936

1937

&TKVVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I ¤N¼GT * PKEJV PCEJIGYKGUGP -/ 5VÒEM 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF UGJT UEJÌP

&TKVVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU I ¤N¼GT -/ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

$GKFG 'ZGORNCTG FGT 5COONWPI *WUPK

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *WUPK

1938

178

&TKVVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOG KP MWTUKXGO &WMVWU 6WIJTC WOIGDGP XQP -PQVGP WPF <YGKI WPVGP 8 WPF $NÒVG QDGP FCTWO \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG I (QPTQDGTV 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ 44 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

MAHMÛD II.

1939

&TKVVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOG KP 0CUMJ 6WIJTC WOIGDGP XQP -PQVGP WPF <YGKI WPVGP 8 WPF $NÒVG QDGP LGYGKNU XQP XCTKKGTGPFGT <GKEJPWPI \WO XQTKIGP 5VÒEM FCTWO \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG I (QPTQDGTV 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&TKVVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOG KP 0CUMJ 6WIJTC WOIGDGP XQP \YGK -PQVGP WPVGP \YGK $NÒVGP QDGP FCTWO \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG I (QPTQDGTV 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5VGORGNINCP\

1942

1,5:1

&TKVVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT CWH FCU )GYKEJV GKPGU 8KGTVGN $WLW DGUEJPKVVGP 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 -NGKPG 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

ex 1943

1941

&TKVVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOG KP 0CUMJ 6WIJTC WOIGDGP XQP -PQVGP WPF <YGKI WPVGP 8 WPF $NÒVG QDGP FCTWO \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG I (QPTQDGTV 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5VGORGNINCP\

1,5:1

1940

ex 1944

ex 1945

8KGTVGN $WLW 8CTKCPVGP OKV WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGO &WMVWU KO /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOGP * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GK NGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

8KGTVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I 2GTG * ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP WPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

179

MAHMÛD II.

1946

1,5:1

ex 1947

1,5:1

#EJVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP CEJV\CEMKIGO 5VGTP I 8IN 6[R ¤N¼GT -/ # 44 5GJT UEJÌP

#EJVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I ¤N¼GT DGKFG -/ 5VÒEM 4 5GJT UEJÌP

1948

ex 1949

ex 1950

1,5:1

#EJVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU I ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5VGORGNINCP\

#EJVGN $WLW WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I ¤N¼GT PKEJV PCEJIGYKGUGP -/ 5VÒEM 44 5GJT UEJÌP

#EJVGN $WLW WPF * OKV 8CTKCPVGP FGU ,CJTGU OKV WPVGT UEJKGFNKEJGO &WMVWU FGU /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOGPU ,C\³ KT #NIKGT 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GK NGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I ¤N¼GT WPF -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

5GEJUVGN $WLW * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOG KP MWTUKXGO &WMVWU 6WIJTC WOIGDGP XQP FTGK 8 HÌTOKIGP <GKEJGP FCTWO \YGK CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP IGDKNFGVGP /QPFUKEJGNP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU KP UGEJUDN·VVTKIGT $NÒVG I (QPTQDGTV 2GTG ¤N¼GT -/ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ex 1952

1951

ex 1953

ex 1954

-JCTTÑDC WPF * ,C\³ KT #NIKGT UWNV³P OCJOÑF 4X FWTKDC HÄ ,C\³ KT FCTWPVGT FCU 2T·IGLCJT WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

-WRHGT #URGT 8CTKCPVGP FGU /ÒP\UV·VVGPPCOGPU WPF * 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPU YWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

180

MAHMÛD II.

ex 1957 1956

ex 1955

-WRHGT #URGT 8CTKCPVGP WPF * 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\ UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM &CU GTUVG XQT\ÒINKEJ FKG CPFGTGP UGJT UEJÌP -WRHGT #URGT * 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU I 'VYCU &QRRGNUEJNCI KO #XGTU XQP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV UGJT UEJÌP 7PKMWO ! 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *WUPK &CU 5VÒEM GPURTKEJV KP UVKNKUVKUEJGT *KPUKEJV FGP \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP 2T·IWPIGP FGU #DF CN 3³FKT CWU 6CSKFCOV

-WRHGT #URGT 8CTKCPVGP WPF * UWNV³P OCJOÑF 4X FWTKDC HÄ ,C\³ KT FCTWPVGT FCU 2T·IGLCJT WPF I ¤N¼GT -/ 5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP

1958

1,5:1

4K[CN $WLW * 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP GKPGT .KNKG NKPMU WPF GKPGT $NWOG OKV MPQVGPHÌTOKIGT $NÒVG TGEJVU ÒDGT GKPGT #TCDGUMG KP XKGNHCEJGO -TGKU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP <KGTMTGKUGP YKG KO #XGTU I (QPTQDGTV XIN ¤N¼GT E MGPPV FCU ,CJT * PKEJV -/ MGPPV FCU ,CJT * PKEJV 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5EJYCEJG CDGT MNCTG 2T·IWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *WUPK

0CEJFGO FKG (TCP\QUGP FGP &CK XQP #NIKGT CDIGUGV\V JCVVGP WPF FGT )GPGTCN %NCWUGN OKV GKPGT #TOGG XQP /CPP FCPCEJ VTCEJVGVG ICP\ #NIGTKGP WPVGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG -QPVTQNNG \W DTKPIGP JCVVG GT \WP·EJUV PWT GKPG XQP XKGT 2TQXKP\GP KP UGKPGT )GYCNV +P FGP 2TQXKP\GP 1TCP OKV FGT YKEJVKIGP 5VCFV /GFGC KO 9GUVGP KP FGT 2TQXKP\ 6KVGT[ 6CJGTV KO 5ÒFGP WPF KP FGT 2TQXKP\ %QPUVCPVKPG KO 1UVGP ÒDGTPCJOGP NQMCNG -T·HVG FKG *GTTUEJCHV +P FGT (GUVWPIUUVCFV %QPUVCPVKPG YWTFGP FKGUG XQP *CLK #JOCF IGHÒJTV &GT DKUNCPI WPRWDNK\KGTVG 4K[CN XQP * DGNGIV PGDGP UEJQP N·PIGT DGMCPPVGP 6GKNUVÒEMGP FCUU FKG /ÒP\UV·VVG #NIKGT KPPGTJCND FGU ,CJTGU * ,WPK ,WPK XQP #NIKGT \WP·EJUV PCEJ /GFGC WPF FCPP YGKVGT PCEJ 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG XGTNGIV YWTFG *CLK #JOCF FGT FGP 8QT\WI FGT NQIKUVKUEJGP 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI XQP 6WPKU JGT JCVVG YWTFG XQP FGP NCPIHTKUVKI RNCPGP FGP (TCP\QUGP \WP·EJUV KP 4WJG IGNCUUGP CWEJ YGPP FGT -CORH WO FKG -QPVTQNNG FGT *CHGPUVCFV $QPG WPF CPUEJNKGGPF WO /GFGC FKTGMVG OKNKV·TKUEJG #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP DTCEJVG YGNEJG FKG (TCP\QUGP HÒT UKEJ GPVUEJGK FGP MQPPVGP +O 0QXGODGT ICD GU FCPP GKPGP TGIWN·TGP (GNF\WI WPF $GNCIGTWPI XQP %QPVCPVKPG FGT PCEJ GKPKIGP /QPCVGP GTHQNINQU CDIGDTQEJGP YGTFGP OWUUVG 'TUV DGK GKPGT PGWGTNKEJGP $GNCIGTWPI HKGN %QPUVCPVKPG CO 1MVQDGT *CLK #JOCF UGV\VG FGP 9KFGTUVCPF KP FGT 4GIKQP DKU HQTV

1959

4K[CN $WLW * 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP GKPGT .KNKG NKPMU WPF GKPGT $NWOG OKV MPQVGPHÌTOKIGT $NÒVG TGEJVU ÒDGT GKPGT #TCDGUMG KP XKGNHCEJGO -TGKU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP <KGTMTGKUGP YKG KO #XGTU I (QPTQDGTV XIN ¤N¼GT E MGPPV CWEJ FCU ,CJT * PKEJV -/ 44 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP

181

MAHMÛD II.

1960

1,5:1

4K[CN $WLW * 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP GKPGT .KNKG NKPMU WPF GKPGT $NWOG OKV MPQVGPHÌTOKIGT $NÒVG TGEJVU ÒDGT GKPGT #TCDGUMG KP XKGNHCEJGO -TGKU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP <KGTMTGKUGP YKG KO #XGTU I (QPTQDGTV ¤N¼GT E -/ 5GJT UGNVGP DGUQPFGTU KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UQPUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *WUPK

1961

1962

182

1963

4K[CN $WLW * 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP GKPGT .KNKG NKPMU WPF GKPGT $NWOG OKV MPQVGPHÌTOKIGT $NÒVG TGEJVU ÒDGT GKPGT #TCDGUMG KP XKGNHCEJGO -TGKU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP <KGTMTGKUGP YKG KO #XGTU I (QPTQDGTV XIN ¤N¼GT E MGPPV CWEJ FCU ,CJT * PKEJV -/ 44 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF WPF FG\GPVTKGTV UGJT UEJÌP

4K[CN $WLW * 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP GKPGT .KNKG NKPMU WPF GKPGT $NWOG OKV MPQVGPHÌTOKIGT $NÒVG TGEJVU ÒDGT GKPGT #TCDGUMG KP XKGNHCEJGO -TGKU 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP <KGTMTGKUGP YKG KO #XGTU I (QPTQDGTV ¤N¼GT J -/ 44 -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJG CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

1964

1,5:1

5GEJUVGN 4K[CN $WLW * 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP $NÒVGP ÒDGT GKPGT .KNKG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I (QPTQDGTV ¤N¼GT D -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

MAHMÛD II.

1965

1,5:1

5GEJUVGN 4K[CN $WLW * 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG 6WIJTC \YKUEJGP $NÒVGP ÒDGT GKPGT .KNKG 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I (QPTQDGTV ¤N¼GT I -/ 44 2T·IGUEJY·EJG WPF GVYCU FG\GPVTKGTV UGJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

1966

1967

1,5:1

-JCTTÑDC * 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG UWNV³P OCJOÑF 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I (QPTQDGTV ¤N¼GT I -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

-WRHGT #URGT CWU KO 5VGORGN WOIGUEJPKVVGP * 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG UWNV³P OCJOÑF OKV 6TGPPWPIUNKPG \YKUEJGP FGP DGKFGP 9ÌTVGTP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT I (QPTQDGTV ! ¤N¼GT -/ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *WUPK &KG 0QOKPCN\WYGKUWPI FKGUGT /ÒP\G WPF FGT FGT HQNIGPFGP 0WOOGT GTUEJGKPV WPUKEJGT &KG 6[RGPINGKEJJGKV OKV FGT $KNNQPMJCTTÑDC NCUUGP DGK FKGUGP -WRHGTOÒP\GP CWEJ CP KPHNCVKQP·T CDIGYGTVGVG -JCTTÑDC FGPMGP

1968

-WRHGT #URGT 3WUCPVÄPC %QPUVCPVKPG UWNV³P OCJOÑF OKV 6TGPPWPIUNKPG \YKUEJGP FGP DGKFGP 9ÌTVGTP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT WPF I (QPTQDGTV ! ¤N¼GT -/ P 5VÒEM 44 5GJT UEJÌP

1,5:1

1969

1,5:1

8KGTVGN $WLW * /CFÄ[C /GFGC 6KVGN 0COG 5GIGPUYWPUEJ KP FTGK <GKNGP 4X /ÒP\UV·VVG WPF 2T·IGLCJT KP -TGKU I ¤N¼GT -/ 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌP

/GFGC YWTFG \WP·EJUV XQP $QW /G\TCI IGIGP FKG (TCP\QUGP IGJCNVGP YGNEJGT PCEJ CPH·PINKEJGT 7PVGTYGT HWPI WPVGT FKG (TCP\QUGP 9KFGTUVCPF QTICPKUKGTVG 0QEJ KO *GTDUV HÒJTVG FGT GTUVG (GNF\WI FGU )GPGTCNU %NCWUGN IGIGP /GFGC FCU GT GTQDGTP WPF $QW /G\TCI IGHCPIGP PGJOGP MQPPVG &COKV FÒTHVG FKG CWU #NIKGT CWU IGNCIGTVG /ÒP\RT·IWPI KP /GFGC YQJN CWH YGPKIG 9QEJGP DGUEJT·PMV IGDNKGDGP UGKP WO FCPP KP FCU UKEJGTG %QPUVCPVKPG CWU\WYGKEJGP $QW /G\TCI YWTFG XQP FGP (TCP\QUGP FWTEJ /WUVCHC KDP 7OCT GTUGV\V FGT YKGFGTWO KO ,WPK \WUCOOGP OKV FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP )CTPKUQP IGIGP FGP 5QJP FGU XQTJGTKIGP 5VCFVJGTTP WPVGTNCI /GFGC DNKGD LCJTGNCPI WOM·ORHV LGFQEJ QJPG 4ÒEMMGJT FGT /ÒP\RT·IWPI

'+0 .16 6ª4-+5%*'4 /ª0<'0

&KXGTUG VÒTMKUEJG 2T·IWPIGP FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU

5VÒEM 5GJT UEJÌP XQT\ÒINKEJ

183

LITERATURVERZEICHNIS Artuk IAM as-Sâwî BMC Cag. Ender Fb. Fenina

= = = = = = =

Ismâ'îl Ghâlib Jem Sultan

= =

Kabaklarlı

KM. Nicol e.a.

= =

Ölcer

Pamuk Pere Slg. Fonrobert

= = = =

Wilski

= =

Wilski, New Table Yapı Kredi

184

= =

Artuk, I. und C.: Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri teşhirdeki Islâmî sikkeler kataloğu, Bd. II. Istanbul 1974. Ahmad as-Sayyid as-Sâwî: an-Nuqûd al-mutadâwala fî Misr al-'uthmânîya, Kairo 2001 Catalogue of Oriental Coins in the British Museum. London 1875 ff. ÇAĞLAR, O. N. Son 7 Padişah zamanında basılan bütün Osmanlı madeni paraları. (İzmir 1983). Celil Ender: Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Osmanlı Arşivi'ndeki nümismatik ile ilgili belgeler kataloğu, Istanbul 1996 Friedberg, R.: Gold Coins of the World. 7. Auflage. U.S.A. 2003. Fenina, A. Les monnaies de la régence de Tunis sous les H'usaynides: études de numismatique et d’histoire monétaire (1705-1891). Tunis 2003. Ismâ'îl Ghâlib Edhem, Taqvîm-i maskûkât-i 'Uthmânîye, Qustantînîya 1307 H. Jem Sultan (i.e. William Holberton), Coins of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic, a detailed catalogue of the Jem Sultan collection. 2 Bde., Thousand Oaks 1977 Necdet Kabaklarlı: "Mangır" Osmanli Imperatorluğu bakır paraları / Copper Coins of the Ottoman Empire, 1299-1808, Istanbul 1998 Krause, C. L./Mishler, C.: Standard Catalogue of World Coins. Aktuelle Auflage. Norman D. Nicol, Raafat el-Nabarawy, Jere L. Bacharach: Catalog of the Islamic Coins, Glass Weights, Dies and Medals in the Egyptian National Library, Cairo, Malibu 1982 Ölcer, C.: Sultan Mahmud II Zamaninda Darp Edilen Osmanli Madeni Paralari, Istanbul 1970. Ders.: Sovyet Rusya Müzelerindeki (Moskva ve Leningrad) Nâdir Osmanlı Madeni Paraları / Rare Ottoman Coins at Sovyet Russian Museums (Moscow and Leningrad), Istanbul 1972 Ders.: Sultan Abdülmecid devri Osmanlı madenî paraları, Istanbul 1978. Ders.: Sultan Abdülaziz Han devri Osmanlı madenî paraları. Istanbul 1979. Ders.: Sultan Murad V ve Sultan Abdülhamid II dönemi Osmanlı madeni paraları. Istanbul 1986. Ders.: Sultan Mehmed Reşad ve Sultan Mehmed Vahdettin Dönemi Osmanlımadeni paraları. Istanbul 1987. Pamuk, Ş.: A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge 2000. Pere, N. (und Tözen, I.): Osmanlı Madeni Paraları. Istanbul 1968. Verzeichnis der Münzen und Denkmünzen der Erdtheile Australien, Asien, Afrika der Jules Fonrobert'schen Sammlung, Auktion A. Weyl. Berlin 1878. Wilski, H.: Gegenstempel auf Münzen des Osmanischen Reiches, in Geldgeschichtliche Nachrichten 54, Juni 1976, S. 195-209 Ders.: Der Osmanische Gegenstempel "sahh" auf venezianischen Dukaten, in Geldgeschichtliche Nachrichten 100, S. 71-74 Ders.: Countermarks on Ottoman Coins. Gütersloh 1995. Ders.: A New Table of Countermarks on Ottoman Coins. Mainz 200X. Şentürk, Ş. und Özpalabıyıklar, S. (Hrsg.): Power of Gold, Golds (sic) of Power: Yapı Kredi Gold Coins Collection. Istanbul o.J. (1994).

Auktion 215 Baden, Markgrafschaft (bis 1803), Kurfürstentum (1803 – 1806) und Großherzogtum (1806 – 1918) Großherzoglicher Hausorden der Treue. Juweliers-Anfertigung des Bruststerns von Biennais in Paris, 86,3 x 87,4 mm, 49,2 g, Silber, Auflagen Gold graviert, emailliert, Emaillemalerei, kleine Bläschen-Abplatzungen in der weißen Emaille der Buchstaben des Medaillons, ohne sichtbare Punzierungen, auf der Rückseite grünes Lederetikett mit gold-farbener Aufschrift »BIENNAI(S ORF)ÉVRE_/DE L'EMP(EREUR) ET ROI/A (PAR)IS«, mit eisernem Broschierungssystem, die Nadel fehlt. II-. RRRR. Abbildung vergrößert

Schätzung: € 10.000,–

Wir versteigern auch Orden und Ehrenzeichen! Selbstverständlich sind für uns: • • • • • •

Jährlich ein bis zwei Auktionen von Orden und Ehrenzeichen Versierte Beschreibung und Bewertung der eingelieferten Objekte durch unsere Experten Farbige Abbildung der Lose in unseren Auktionskatalogen Weltweite Werbung für unsere Auktionen Auktionen in angenehmer und kundenfreundlicher Atmosphäre Kompetente Betreuung von Verkäufern, Käufern und Interessenten durch unseren Kundenservice • Schneller, sachgerechter und versicherter Versand der ersteigerten Objekte • Garantiert pünktliche und unkomplizierte Abrechnung innerhalb von 42 Tagen nach der Auktion

Profitieren Sie von unserem Service – Liefern auch Sie bei uns ein!

Bei uns sind Sie goldrichtig!

• Über 35 Jahre Erfahrung im Gold- und Münzenhandel • Faire und objektive Bewertung Ihrer Goldmünzen • Barankauf von Goldmünzen zu tagesaktuellen Preisen • Große Auswahl interessanter Goldmünzen • Vertrauen Sie Europas führendem Auktionshaus für Münzen und Medaillen

Sie möchten Ihre Münzen veräußern? 0800 5836537 (gebührenfrei) Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Gutenbergstraße 23 · 49076 Osnabrück · Germany Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20 · Fax +49 (0)541 96 20 222 www.kuenker.de · service@kuenker.de Osnabrück · Berlin · München · Zürich · Moskau

eLive Auction NEU Mit unseren eLive Auctions bieten wir Ihnen die Möglichkeit, direkt und unkompliziert über das Internet an regelmäßigen Auktionen mit einem virtuellen Auktionator live teilzunehmen.

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Leitfaden zur erfolgreichen schriftlichen Auktionsteilnahme • • • • •

Studieren Sie den Katalog sorgfältig und notieren Sie alle Lose, die interessant für Sie sind. Legen Sie für jedes Los Ihr persönliches Limit fest, das Sie maximal zu zahlen bereit sind. Füllen Sie das beiliegende Formular aus (siehe unten) und tragen Sie für jedes Los Ihr Höchstgebot ein. Schicken Sie uns Ihren Auftrag frühzeitig. Bei gleich hohen Geboten erhält das zuerst eingegangene Gebot den Zuschlag. Sie haben interessante Lose für insgesamt € 10.000,– gefunden, möchten jedoch nur € 2.000,– ausgeben. Kein Problem: Sie geben als Gesamtlimit (ohne Aufgeld) € 2.000,– an. • Wenn Sie Fragen haben: Die MitarbeiterInnen unserer Kundenbetreuung sind für Sie da: Telefon 0800 583 65 37 (gebührenfrei). • Wenn Sie telefonisch an unseren Auktionen teilnehmen möchten, ist das ab einer Schätzung von € 500,– pro Los möglich. Bitte teilen Sie uns diesen Wunsch mindestens einen Werktag vor Beginn der Versteigerung schriftlich mit.

Musterauftrag für schriftliche Gebote Name, Adresse, Telefon Ihre vollständige Anschrift ist wichtig, damit wir Ihren Auktionsauftrag annehmen und bearbeiten können. Ihre Telefonnummer brauchen wir, um Sie bei Rückfragen zu Ihren Geboten schnell erreichen zu können.

Ihre Kundennummer Die Angabe Ihrer Kundennummer unterstützt uns bei der Bearbeitung Ihres Auktionsauftrages. Viele Vorarbeiten für die Auktion werden dadurch einfacher und es werden Fehler vermieden.

Losnummern und Gebote Listen Sie alle Lose, für die Sie sich interessieren, mit ihrer Katalognummer auf und legen Sie für sich selbst fest, wie viel Sie bereit sind, für jedes einzelne Los zu bieten.

Ihr Limit pro Einzellos An dieser Stelle geben Sie an, was Sie für jedes einzelne Stück maximal bereit sind auszugeben.

„Oder“-Gebote Wenn Sie sich für mehrere Münzen interessieren, aber nur ein Stück davon erwerben wollen, können Sie Ihre Gebote einfach mit einem „Oder“ verbinden. Wichtig: bei den „Oder“Geboten können Sie nicht auf frühere Katalognummern zurückgreifen (z. B. 2890 oder 1558), da die Nr. 1558 dann bereits versteigert ist. Unterschreiben Sie Ihren Auktionsauftrag ... ... nachdem Sie Ihre Angaben noch einmal überprüft haben. Ihre Unterschrift ist wichtig, denn damit bestätigen Sie uns, dass sie tatsächlich teilnehmen wollen.

Überschreitung Ihrer Limits pro Einzellos In der Praxis zeigt sich, dass oft mehrere Bieter mit ihren Geboten dicht beieinander liegen. Deshalb empfiehlt es sich, an dieser Stelle einer geringfügigen Überschreitung Ihrer Gebote zuzustimmen. Dadurch erhöhen sich Ihre Chancen, im Wettbewerb mit anderen den Zuschlag zu erhalten.

Begrenzung Ihres Gesamtlimits Hier können sie die Gesamtsumme Ihrer Gebote begrenzen und festlegen, was Sie insgesamt maximal bereit sind auszugeben. Aufgeld und Mehrwertsteuer kommen später noch hinzu.

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Wie entsteht der Preis einer Auktion? Der im Auktionskatalog angegebene Preis ist ein Schätzpreis, der durch unsere Experten festgelegt wurde. Das Mindestgebot liegt bei 80 % dieses Wertes. Die Zuschlagpreise sind oft deutlich höher als die Schätzpreise. Als Auktionshaus müssen wir bereits vor der Auktion alle schriftlichen Gebote koordinieren. Folgende Beispiele sind im Bietverfahren möglich: Beispiel 1 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegt kein schriftlicher Auftrag vor: Der Auktionator ruft das Los in der Auktion mit € 800,– aus. Wenn im Saal nur ein Bieter darauf ein Gebot abgibt, erhält der Saalbieter den Zuschlag für € 800,–.

Beispiel 3 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegt dem Auktionator nur ein schriftliches Gebot von € 850,– vor: Das Los wird in der Auktion mit € 800,– ausgerufen. Falls kein Bieter im Saal ein Gegenangebot abgibt, erhält der schriftliche Bieter den Zuschlag bei € 800,–.

Beispiel 2 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegen dem Auktionator drei schriftliche Gebote vor:

Beispiel 4 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegt dem Auktionator nur ein schriftliches Gebot von € 1.200,– vor: Der Auktionator ruft das Los mit € 800,– aus. Gibt es im Saal keinen Gegenbieter, erhält der schriftliche Bieter den Zuschlag bei € 800,–. Falls es im Saal Gegenbieter gibt, bietet der Auktionator für seinen schriftlichen Bieter bis maximal € 1.200,– und erteilt einem Gegenbieter im Saal erst bei mehr als € 1.200,– den Zuschlag.

Bieter 1: Limit € 2.900,– Bieter 2: Limit € 1.800,– Bieter 3: Limit € 800,– Nach der Versteigerungsordnung muss der Auktionator im Interesse von Bieter 1 und 2 angemessen überbieten (um ca. 5 bis 10 %). Der Ausrufpreis in der Auktion beträgt daher im Interesse von Bieter 1 € 1.900,– (obwohl die Schätzung € 1.000,– beträgt). Falls keine höheren Gebote aus dem Saal erfolgen, erhält Bieter 1 den Zuschlag für € 1.900,–. Das Höchstangebot von € 2.900,– musste nicht ausgeschöpft werden.

Beispiel 5 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegen drei Gebote von je € 975,– vor: Um Missverständnisse zu vermeiden, überzieht der Auktionator das zuerst eingegangene Gebot geringfügig und erteilt den Zuschlag bei € 1.000,–.

Antworten auf Fragen, die uns oft gestellt werden • Zuschlagpreis/Aufgeld: Wir berechnen als Auktionshaus ein Aufgeld von 15 % auf den Zuschlagpreis, dazu kommt die gesetzliche Mehrwertsteuer. Beispiel 1

Zuschlagpreis Aufgeld 15 % Versandkosten, z. B. * MwSt. 7 % Rechnungs-Betrag

€ € € € €

100,00 15,00 5,90 8,46 129,36

Beispiel 2

Zuschlagpreis Aufgeld 15 % Versandkosten, z. B. * MwSt. 7 % Rechnungs-Betrag

€ 1.000,00 € 150,00 € 5,90 € 80,91 € 1.236,81

• Mehrwertsteuer: üblicherweise in Deutschland 7 %, seit dem 01.01.2000 sind viele Goldmünzen, die nach 1800 geprägt wurden, steuerfrei. Bei Fragen zu der MwSt.-Berechnung rufen Sie uns an, gebührenfrei unter: 0800 583 65 37. • Rücklosverkauf: Alle Lose, die in der Auktion nicht verkauft wurden, können Sie innerhalb von vier Wochen nach der Versteigerung zu 80 % des Schätzpreises (zzgl. Aufgeld und Mehrwertsteuer) erwerben. Achtung: Viele Rücklose sind schnell vergriffen. • Unser Spezialservice: Alle Bieter erhalten gratis die Ergebnisliste innerhalb von zwei Wochen nach der Auktion. Im Internet können Sie die Ergebnisliste der Auktion sofort nach der Auktion unter www.kuenker.de einsehen. * Die Kosten für Versand und Versicherung werden nach Aufwand berechnet.

Besuchen Sie uns doch einmal persönlich auf der Auktion! • Wir freuen uns sehr, wenn Sie persönlich nach Osnabrück kommen möchten. Das Flair einer Auktion und die Stimmung im Auktionssaal sind ein besonderes Erlebnis für Sie als Sammler. Osnabrück ist außerdem immer eine Reise wert und die persönliche Betreuung durch unsere Mitarbeiter wissen immer mehr Kunden zu schätzen. • Bitte rufen Sie uns rechtzeitig an, damit wir Ihnen Tipps für die Anreise geben und Ihnen ein Hotelzimmer reservieren können. Sie erreichen uns gebührenfrei unter: 0800 583 65 37. • Als erfolgreicher Bieter können Sie Ihre neu erworbenen Stücke gleich persönlich mit nach Hause nehmen. Als guter Kunde unseres Hauses haben Sie 20 Tage Zahlungsziel nach der Auktion.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Важная информация об участии на аукционе • Наши аукционные правила и условия Вы можете найти в конце каталога. • Мы просим Вас присылать Ваши ставки заранее. В противном случае вероятность ошибки при обработке заказа, присланного перед самым аукционом, возрастает. • Приложенный образец заполнения письменного заказа поможет Вам при отправлении Ваших письменных ставок. Ставки можно отправить как по почте, так и по факсу : +49 (0)541–96 20 222 круглосуточно. • Успешные заказы будут обрабатываться в порядке их поступления к нам. Все участники, которым не удалось что-либо купить на аукционе, будут также проинформированы после аукциона. • Если Вы впервые принимаете участие в нашем аукционе, то мы рекомендуем Вам сообщить нам Ваш референц – аукционные дома, с которыми Вы уже сотрудничали. Или свяжитесь с нами по телефону. • Мы гарантируем подлинность всех предметов, проданных на нашем аукционе, в течении неограниченного времени. • Все участники нашего аукциона получают в течении 2-ух недель результаты торгов бесплатно. • У Вас есть вопросы по определенной монете? Вы хотели бы лично принять участие в аукционе? У Вас возникли другие вопросы? Звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268, и мы будем рады Вам помочь.

Мое заочное участие на аукционе • • • •

Тщательно изучите наш каталог и запишите те лоты, которые Вас заинтересовали. Определите для Себя ту максимальную сумму, которую Вы готовы заплатить за каждый лот. Заполните приложенный формуляр. Отправьте нам Ваш заказ заранее. При 2-ух и более равных ставок на один и тот же лот преимущество получает ставка, пришедшая к нам первой ( ранее других ). • Если стоимость выбранных Вами лотов составляет например 10.000 евро, а Вы могли бы потратить только 2.000 евро, то в этом случае укажите Ваш общий лимит в размере 2.000 евро. • Если у Вас возникли вопросы по заполнению формуляра, звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268. Наши сотрудники будут рады Вам помочь.

Мое личное участие в Оснабрюке • Мы будем рады Вашему личному присутствию в Оснабрюке. Атмосфера, которая стоит во время аукционных торгов в зале, особенная и непередаваемая. • Для получения более подробной информации по Вашей поездке в Оснабрюк, в частности, бронирования номеров в гостинице, мы просим Вас заранее связаться с нами по телефону: +49 (0)541-96 20 268. • Приобретенные на аукционе лоты Вы можете лично забрать после окончания торгов. Наши постоянные клиенты осуществляют оплату в течение 20 дней после получения счета. Участвующие в аукционе впервые осуществляют 100%-ую предоплату.

Участие по интернету Все каталоги доступны для просмотра на нашем сайте в интернете по адресу www.kuenker.de. На сайте Вы можете выбрать интересующие Вас лоты и отправить Ваши ставки на нашу электронную почту service@kuenker.de. Если у Вас возникнут дополнительные вопросы, мы просим Вас связаться с нами по телефону +49 (0)5 41-96 20 268.

Участие по телефону Для участия в торгах по телефону просим Вас связаться с нами не позднее 48 часов до начала аукциона. Условием проведения телефонных торгов является письменное подтверждение ставки, равной как минимум стартовой цене. Участие в телефонных торгах возможно только для лотов со стартовой ценой свыше 500 евро. Для получения дополнительной информации и регистрации на аукционе звоните Анастасии Кепселль до аукциона по телефону +49 (0)5 41-96 20 268 и во время аукциона по телефону, указанному на первой странице каталога.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Как образовывается цена на аукционе? • Все лоты в нашем каталоге были предварительно оценены нашими экпертами. Минимальная ставка составляет 80 % от оценочной стоимости лота. Конечные цены зачастую намного превышают оценочные. • Ваши письменные ( заочные ) ставки должны быть обязательно обработаны нашими сотрудниками до начала аукциона. Рассмотрим несколько возможных примеров: Пример 1 ( Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) Заочных ставок нет. Аукционатор начинает торги с € 800,–. Если в зале только один человек, желающий приобрести этот лот, то соответственно он получит его за € 800,–. Пример 2 ( Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеются 3 заочные ставки: Заочный участник 1 : Лимит € 2.900,– Заочный участник 2 : Лимит € 1.800,– Заочный участник 3 : Лимит € 800,– По правилам аукциона аукционатор в интересах заочного участника 1 и 2 должен повышать ставку равномерно ( приблизительно на 5 – 10 % ). Поэтому в нашем случае в интересах заочного участника 1 аукционатор начнет торги с € 1.900,– ( хотя оценочная стоимость составляет € 1.000,–). Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник 1 получит этот лот за € 1.900,–. Его лимит в € 2.900,– ни в коем случае не будет исчерпан.

Пример 4 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеется только 1 заочная ставка в размере € 1.200,–. Аукционатор начнет торги с € 800,–. Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник получит этот лот за € 800,–. Если же в зале очный участник согласен на более высокую ставку ( больше € 800,– ), то в этом случае аукционатор в интересах заочного участника имеет право тоговаться до € 1.200,–. Следовательно только при ставке, превышающей € 1.200,–, данный лот получит очный участник в зале. Пример 5 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеются 3 заочные ставки, каждая в размере € 975,–. Среди очных участников интереса к лоту не имеется. В этом случае чтобы избежать недоразумений, аукционатор имеет право ненамного повысить лимит и сделать ставку равной € 1.000,–. Данный лот за € 1.000,– получит тот заочный участник, чей письменный формуляр мы получили раньше всего.

Пример 3 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеется только 1 заочная ставка в размере € 850,–. Аукционатор начнет торги с € 800,–. Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник получит этот лот за € 800,–.

Как я могу получить приобретенные лоты? Вывоз приобретенных на аукционе предметов осуществляется одним из следующих способов по Вашему выбору: • Вы можете лично забрать Ваши лоты. По окончании торгов мы готовим все необходимые документы на вывоз из Германии. При вывозе за пределы Евросоюза, НДС Вам возвращается. • Почтовые отправки в Россию ( Беларусь, Украину ) приобретенных Вами лотов осуществляются по предварительной договоренности. Для связи с нами звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268. С 1971 года имя Кюнкер является гарантией надежности и компетентности. Мы не станем изменять нашим принципам и в будущем. Спасибо Вам за Ваше доверие, которое является не только самым сильным стимулом в нашей работе, но и наилучшей ее оценкой. Я желаю Вам успехов на нашем аукционе!

Фриц-Рудольф Кюнкер

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Versteigerungsbedingungen Die Versteigerung erfolgt im Auftrag und für Rechnung der Eigentümer unter Einhaltung der sich aus der Versteigerungsordnung (BGB1 I 1976, 1346) ergebenden und für Kommissionäre geltenden gesetzlichen Bestimmungen des BGB und HGB gegen Barzahlung des Kaufpreises in €-Währung. Durch Abgabe eines Gebotes werden die Versteigerungsbedingungen anerkannt, dies gilt auch für die schriftlichen Gebote. Der Zuschlagpreis ist Nettopreis im Sinne des Umsatzsteuergesetzes und bildet die Berechnungsgrundlage für das vom Käufer zu zahlende Aufgeld in Höhe von 15 %. Auf den daraus entstehenden Gesamtpreis (Zuschlag + Aufgeld) wird die jeweils gültige Umsatzsteuer erhoben, soweit dies gesetzlich vorgeschrieben ist. Ausländischen Käufern aus Ländern der europäischen Gemeinschaft wird die in Deutschland gültige Umsatzsteuer berechnet. Anderen ausländischen Käufern (aus Drittländern) wird, sofern die Münzen durch uns exportiert werden, ein Aufgeld von 15 % netto auf den Zuschlagpreis berechnet; sie erhalten die Lieferung nur gegen Zahlung des Kaufpreises in €-Währung, bankspesenfrei. Ausländischen Münzhändlern aus Ländern der europäischen Gemeinschaft wird bei Nachweis der Umsatzsteuer-Identifi kationsnummer (§ 27 a USTG) und der sonstigen Voraussetzungen gemäß § 4 Nr. 1 b USTG in Verbindung mit § 6 a USTG die Lieferung ohne Umsatzsteuer berechnet. Sofern nichts anderes vereinbart wird, ist die Zahlung der Auktionsrechnung bei anwesenden Käufern sofort, bei schriftlichen Bietern spätestens 20 Tage nach Erhalt fällig. Bei Zahlungsverzug werden Zinsen von 1 % pro Monat berechnet. Wird die Zahlung nicht sofort an den Versteigerer geleistet oder die Abnahme der zugeschlagenen Sache verweigert, so findet die Übergabe der Sache an den Ersteigerer nicht statt. Der Ersteigerer verliert vielmehr seine Rechte aus dem Zuschlag, und die Sache kann auf seine Kosten erneut versteigert werden. In diesem Fall haftet der Ersteigerer für den Ausfall, dagegen hat er auf den Mehrerlös keinen Anspruch. Der Zuschlag erfolgt nach dreimaligem Ausruf des höchsten Gebotes und verpflichtet zur Abnahme und Zahlung. Bei Meinungsverschiedenheiten über den Zuschlag wird die Nummer noch einmal ausgerufen. Der Versteigerer ist berechtigt, Nummern zu vereinigen oder zu trennen. Eine Vorausnahme von Nummern erfolgt nicht. Der Zutritt zur Versteigerung ist nur Interessenten gestattet, die einen Katalog besitzen. Die Mindeststeigerungsstufen für das Bietungsverfahren betragen: Gebote

Mindeststeigerungsstufe

Schriftliche Aufträge werden von uns ohne Auftragsprovision gewissenhaft ausgeführt. Aufträge von uns unbekannten Sammlern können nur ausgeführt werden, wenn ein Depot hinterlegt wird oder Referenzen benannt werden. Schriftliche Gebote können nur bis 24 Stunden vor Auktionsbeginn verbindlich berücksichtigt werden. Im Bedarfsfall ist der Auktionator berechtigt, die Limits um 3 – 5 % zu überschreiten. Bei mehreren gleichhohen Geboten erhält das zuerst eingegangene den Zuschlag. Unlimitierte Aufträge haben keinen Anspruch auf unbedingte Ausführung. Telefonisches Bieten ist nur in Ausnahmefällen möglich. Telefonische Bieter müssen sich mindestens einen Werktag vor der Auktion voranmelden. Der Versand geht zu Lasten und auf Risiko des Ersteigerers bzw. Empfängers. Das Auktionsgut bleibt bis zur vollständigen Bezahlung aller Forderungen aus Anlass der Versteigerung Eigentum des Verkäufers. Ist der Käufer Vollkaufmann, so ist Osnabrück als Gerichtsstand vereinbart. Für das Mahnverfahren gilt die Zuständigkeit des Amtsgerichts Osnabrück auch in allen anderen Fällen als vereinbart. Ansonsten ist es Osnabrück nur, wenn nur die Firma Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG ihren allgemeinen Gerichtsstand in der BRD hat, oder wenn alle Ansprüche im Wege des Mahnverfahrens geltend gemacht werden, oder wenn die im Klageweg in Anspruch zu nehmende Vertragspartei nach Vertragsabschluss ihren gewöhnlichen Aufenthaltsort aus dem Geltungsbereich der BRD verlegt hat, oder ihr Wohnsitz oder gewöhnlicher Aufenthaltsort zum Zeitpunkt der Klage nicht bekannt ist. Die Beschreibung im Katalog ist gewissenhaft durchgeführt. Sie begründet jedoch keine Rechts- oder Sachmängelhaftung gemäß §§ 434, 459 ff BGB. Die Angabe der Erhaltung ist streng nach den im deutschen Münzhandel üblichen Erhaltungseinstufungen vorgenommen und gilt als persönliche Beurteilung. Bei der Auktion anwesende Käufer kaufen grundsätzlich „wie besehen“. Da durch Vorbesichtigung Gelegenheit gegeben ist, sich vom Erhaltungszustand des Versteigerungsgutes zu überzeugen, können nach erfolgtem Zuschlag Reklamationen nur bei irrtümlich übersehener Henkel- oder Fassungsspur oder gestopftem Loch berücksichtigt werden. Bei Losen mit mehreren Stücken sind die Stückzahlen nur Circa-Angaben, irrtümliche Zuschreibungen sind im Einzelfall nicht ausgeschlossen. Diese Lose sind nach erfolgtem Zuschlag von jeder Reklamation ausgeschlossen. Der Versteigerer kann bei eventuellen Meinungsverschiedenheiten bzw. Beanstandungen einen vereidigten Sachverständigen seiner Wahl (die Kosten trägt der unterliegende Teil) beauftragen. Eventuelle Beanstandungen können nur innerhalb von 8 Tagen nach der Auktion bzw. nach Erhalt der ersteigerten Stücke berücksichtigt werden. Die Echtheit der Stücke wird bis zur Höhe des Kaufpreises garantiert. Die beigedruckten Preise sind Schätzpreise, die unter- oder überschritten werden können. Aufträge, die unter 80 % des Schätzpreises liegen, können nicht bearbeitet werden.

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€ 100,–

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Soweit nicht anders vermerkt, gelten im übrigen die allgemeinen Versteigerungsbestimmungen und – auch im Verhältnis zu ausländischen Kunden – gilt Deutsches Recht.

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€ 5.000,–

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Die Ergebnisliste erscheint sofort nach der Auktion.

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€ 10.000,–

€ 500,–

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€ 20.000,–

€ 1.000,–

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€ 50.000,–

€ 2.000,–

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€ 100.000,–

€ 5.000,–

€ 100.000,–

€ 10.000,–

Ausländische Kunden kaufen nach den Devisen-, Zoll- und Steuerbestimmungen ihres Landes. Versandformalitäten werden vom Versteigerer erledigt.

Die Versteigerer:

Fritz Rudolf Künker Dr. Andreas Kaiser Arne Kirsch Oliver Köpp

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Terms and Conditions of Auction The auction is conducted on behalf and for the account of the appropriate proprietors of the goods and is subject to the federal Auction Regulation (Versteigerungsordnung, BGB1 I 1976, 1346) published in the Federal Law Gazette Vol. I, 1976, 1346 and the relevant provisions for factors in accordance with the German Civil Code (BGB) and Commercial Code (HGB). Payment of the hammer-price has to be made in cash and in Euro. The submission of an offer implies the express acknowledgement of these Terms and Conditions of Auction; the same applies to the submission of an offer in writing. The hammer-price is exclusive of applicable German VAT according to the prevailing VAT-legislation and represents the basis for calculating the surcharge of 15 percent payable by the purchaser. The total price so calculated (hammer-price plus surcharge) is subject to the VAT (value added tax = Mehrwertsteuer), which is payable additionally. Purchasers from abroad will be charged a surcharge of 15 percent net on the hammerprice, provided the export of the coins is undertaken by the auctioneer. Buyers in European Community (EEC) countries (other than Germany) will be charged value added tax at the rates prevailing in Germany. Dealers from EEC countries (other than Germany) will receive goods free of tax upon presentation of their VAT ID number, and upon fulfillment of the other conditions set forth in Paragraph 4, Nr. 1 b, and Paragraph 6 a of the German Turnover Tax Law Buyers from other countries are not charged value added tax. Delivery will be made against payment in Euro with no bank charges to the auctioneer. Unless mutually agreed otherwise, payment of the auction bill from purchasers present at the auction is due immediately. From purchasers who have submitted a bid in writing, payment is due within 20 days after receipt of the goods. Defaulted payments shall bear an interest charge of 1 % per month in the amount in default. Should payment to the auctioneer not be made immediately or should the acceptance of the awarded item be refused, such item shall not be handed over to the purchaser. Instead the purchaser shall forfeit all right and title in and to such item from the award and the item may again be put to auction at this buyer’s cost. In this event the buyer shall be liable for any shortfall, while he shall have no right or claim towards any excess proceeds. An item will be knocked down after the highest bid has been called three times. The award shall be a binding commitment and liability on the part of the bidder to take acceptance and delivery of the item or items so awarded. In the event of any dispute with regard to the award the lot will be put up again for bidding. The auctioneer reserves the right to combine or to separate lots. Lots will not be called out of sequence. Access to the auction will only be permitted to interested persons who are in possession of the catalogue.

lot, the bid first received by the auctioneer shall be given the award. Unlimited bids shall not oblige the auctioneer to consider, accept or carry out such order. Telephone bidding is generally an option for lots of substantial value only. The registration is required at the latest a day before auction. Shipment (by mail or otherwise) of the goods shall be for the sole cost and risk of the purchaser or recipient, respectively. The auctioned goods remain the sole and exclusive property of the vendor until full payment and settlement of any and all dues and claims in connection with the auction. In the event the purchaser is a merchant (in the sense of the German commercial laws) Osnabrück shall be the agreed and exclusive place of jurisdiction. The competence of the District Court (Amtsgericht) of Osnabrück is agreed in respect of summary proceedings for the collection of defaulted payments (Mahnverfahren) as well as in any and all other cases. Should the purchaser not be a merchant Osnabrück shall be the place of jurisdiction with the District Court of Osnabrück’s competence, if only the auctioneer has his ordinary legal domicile in the Federal Republic of Germany or if claims are made by way of summary proceedings of collection (Mahnverfahren) or if the defendant has moved his ordinary legal domicile outside the jurisdiction of the Federal Republic of Germany or if the legal domicile of the defendant is unknown to the auctioneer at the time of filing a suit. To the exclusion of any other legislation German law, as in force at the time, shall be applied for the settlement of any and all legal or judicial matters. The specifications and descriptions in the catalogue have been prepared diligently and in good faith, however, do not constitute the acceptance by the auctioneer of any warranty or liability in respect of defect in material or title. The state of preservation of items is strictly assessed in accordance with the grades accepted by the German coin trade and only represents an individual and personal assessment. Purchasers present at the auction acquire items strictly on the basis of “as is where is” and “as inspected”. In view of the opportunity of prior inspection to ascertain the state and condition of the auction lots, complaints and objections made after the sale will only be considered, if by obvious error or mistake loop or traces or mountings, traces of trimmings or settings, or the plugging of a hole (eyelet) have remained unnoticed. If and when auctioned in lots, the quantities of individual pieces given, only represent an approximate figure. An error in the allocation of individual pieces to a certain lot cannot be excluded. Such lots are, therefore, excluded from any complaints or objections after the lot is knocked down. In the event of disputes or complaints as to the quality of an item the auctioneer may call upon a generally sworn expert of the trade, which the auctioneer may choose at his sole discretion, for assessment and the rendering of a decision as to the justification of such dispute or complaint. The costs of such expert shall be borne by the party loosing the dispute according to the expert’s decision. Complaints or objections, if justified, will only be considered if made and received by the auctioneer within 8 days after the auction or after receiving the lots, respectively.

The minimum rates of increase for the bidding procedure are: offers up to up to up to up to up to up to up to up to up to up to above

€ 100.– € 200.– € 500.– € 1,000.– € 2,000.– € 5,000.– € 10,000.– € 20,000.– € 50,000.– € 100,000.– € 100,000.–

minimum increase rate € 5.– € 10.– € 20.– € 50.– € 100.– € 200.– € 500.– € 1,000.– € 2,000.– € 5,000.– € 10,000.–

Orders submitted in writing will be carried out diligently and without charge of an extra commission. Orders from collectors unknown to the auctioneer can only be accepted and carried out if a deposit or references to the satisfaction on the auctioneer are given. To be bindingly accepted, written bids need to be received at least 24 hours before auction. If necessary, the auctioneer is allowed to increase the bids by 3 – 5 %. Should several bids be obtained in writing bidding the same price or prices for a given

The authenticity of the coins is warranted up to the total purchase price. The prices set out in the catalogue are estimates only, which may be exceeded or undercut. Orders for less than 80 per cent of the estimated price cannot be accepted. Purchasers from abroad will have to observe all applicable laws and regulations in respect of foreign exchange, customs duties and taxation of their country. The auctioneer will only discharge such formalities, which have to be observed, in the Federal Republic of Germany in connection with the export of the purchased item(s). Unless stipulated otherwise herein, the general rules regulations for auctions applicable in Germany shall govern any transaction in respect of the auction; German Law shall also be applicable in relation to purchasers from abroad. Only the German text has legal force. The prices realized will be published in the form of a list immediately after the auction. The auctioneers:

Fritz Rudolf Künker Dr. Andreas Kaiser Arne Kirsch Oliver Köpp

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Numismatische Ausdrücke/Numismatic Terms/Expressions Numismatiques/ Termini di Numismatica/Нумизматические Термины DEUTSCH

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Abschlag Am Rand Berieben Blei Dezentriert Doppelschlag Einfassung Einseitig Emailliert Erhaltung Etwas Exemplar Fassungsspuren Fehlprägung

struck at the rim/border slightly polished lead uncentered double struck frame uniface enamelled condition/preservation slightly specimen, copy trace of mounting mis-strike

frappe en tranche frotté plomb décentré double frappe encadrement uniface émaillé conservation un peu exemplaire traces de monture défaut de frappe

coniazione al bordo trattato piombo non centrato ribattitura cornice uniface smaltato conservazione un poco esemplare tracce di montatura difetto di coniazione

Feld(er) Fundexemplar Gedenkmünze Geglättet Gelocht Geprägt Gewellt Goldpatina Henkelspur Hübsch Jahrh. = Jahrhundert Kl. = klein Korrosionsspuren Kratzer Kupfer Legierung Leicht(e) l. = links Min. = minimal Nachahmung Prachtexemplar Prägeschwäche Randdelle Randfehler Randschrift r. = rechts Rückseite

field(s) specimen from a hoard commemorative coin tooled holed minted bent golden patina mount mark attractive century small traces of corrosion scratch(es) copper alloy slightly left minimal imitation attractive, perfect piece weakly struck edge nick edge faults lettered edge to right reverse

champ exemplaire de trouvaille monnaie commémorative retouché troué frappé ondulé patine dorée trace de monture joli siècle petit traces de corrosion rayure cuivre alliage légèrement gauche minime imitation pièce magnifique de frappe faible défaut sur la tranche erreur sur la tranche tranche inscrite droite revers

campo da tesoretto moneta commemorativa liscio bucato coniato ondolato patina d´oro tracce di appicagnolo carino secolo piccolo segni di corrosione graffio(i) rame lega leggero sinistra minimamente contraffazione esemplare magnifico conio stanco ammaccatura al bordo errore nel bordo inscrizione sul bordo destra rovescio

оттиск на гурте потертая свинец ассиметричный двойной чекан кайма односторонняя эмалированная сохранность слегка экземпляр следы обработки ошибка в процессе чеканки поле экземпляр памятная монета отглаженная проколатая отчеканенная волнистая золотая патина следы от ушка красивая столетие маленький следы коррозии царапина медь сплав легкий слева минимальный имитация превосходный экземпляр издержкн при чеканкe вмятина на гурте ошибка на гурте гуртовая надпись справа реверс

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

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Schriftspuren

traces of inscription

traces de légende

tracce di leggenda

Schrötling Schrötlingsfehler Schwach ausgeprägt Selten in dieser Erhaltung

flan flan defect weakly struck rare in this condition

flan flan défectueux de frappe faible rare en cet état

tondello errore di tondello conio stanco conservazione rara

Seltener Jahrgang Stempel Stempelfehler Überdurchschnittlich erhalten Überprägt Unediert Unikum Vergoldet Von allergrößter Seltenheit Vorderseite Winz.= winzig Zain Zierrand Zinn ziseliert

rare year die(s) mistake in the die extraordinary condition

année rare coin erreur de frappe conservation extraordinaire

overstruck unpublished unique specimen gilt extremely rare averse tiny flan ornamental border tin chased

surfrappé inédit unique doré de toute rareté en face petit flan tranche ornée étain ciselé

annata rara conio errore di conio conservazione estraordinaria ribattuto inedito pezzo unico dorato di estrema raritá diritto veramente piccolo tondello taglio ornato stagno cesellato

следы предыдущей надписи заготовка брак заготовки слабо отчеканeна редкая в такой сохранности редкий год штамп ошибка штампа сохранность выше среднего перечекан неопубликованная монета уникальная позолоченная наиредчайшая аверс незначительный заготовка декоративный гурт цинк гравированный

Erhaltungsgrade/Grading Terms/Degrès de Conservation/Gradi di Conservazione/ Шкала сохранности DEUTSCH

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Polierte Platte Stempelglanz Vorzüglich Sehr schön Schön Gering erhalten

Proof Uncirculated Extremely fine Very fine Fine Very good

Flan bruni Fleur de coin Superbe Très beau Beau Très bien conservé

Fondo specchio Fior di conio Splendido Bellissimo Molto Bello Bello

полированная превосходная отличная очень хорошая хорошая удовлетворительная

Seltenheitsgrade/Rarity Terms/Degrés de Rareté/Grado di Raritá/ Шкала редкости DEUTSCH

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R = Selten RR = Sehr selten Von großer Seltenheit Von größter Seltenheit Von allergrößter Seltenheit Uneditiert

R = Rare RR = Very rare Very rare Extremely rare Extremely rare Unpublished

Rare Très rare De grande rareté Extrêmement rare De la plus extrême rareté Inédit

raro molto raro di grande raritá di grandissima raritá di estrema raritá inedito

редкая очень редкая большой редкости наибольшей редкости наиредчайшая ранее не описанная

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

IMPRESSUM NUMISMATISCHE BEARBEITUNG FOTOS LAYOUT DRUCK

Dr. Lutz Ilisch, Dr. Sebastian Steinbach, Jens Ulrich Thormann M. A. Lübke & Wiedemann, Stuttgart danner pc - gesteuerte systeme waiblingen meister print und media, Kassel, Mai 2012 Jeglicher Nachdruck, auch auszugsweise, bedarf der Genehmigung des Auktionshauses

ZAHLUNGEN AUS DEM INLAND Deutsche Bank Osnabrück Commerzbank Osnabrück Sparkasse Osnabrück Volksbank eG Bad Laer-Borgloh-Hilter-Melle Bankhaus Lampe KG, Bielefeld Postbank Hannover HypoVereinsbank München WestLB Dortmund Oldenburgische Landesbank AG Oldenburg Paypal

(BLZ 265 700 90) Konto-Nummer 0 177 006 (BLZ 265 800 70) Konto-Nummer 780 520 200 (BLZ 265 501 05) Konto-Nummer 247 320 (BLZ 265 624 90) Konto-Nummer 1 200 222 400 (BLZ 480 201 51) Konto-Nummer 174 076 (BLZ 250 100 30) Konto-Nummer 2900 60-308 (BLZ 700 202 70) Konto-Nummer 24 17 952 (BLZ 440 500 00) Konto-Nummer 1128 842 (BLZ 280 200 50) Konto-Nummer 508 50338 00 paypal@kuenker.de, Service charge: 3,5 %

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