6KVGNHQVQ 0T Tร RKEI / OSMANISCHES REICH Osmanje-Orden. 2. Modell, Bruststern zur 1. Klasse mit Brillianten, Silber tlw. vergoldet, Medaillon Gold emailliert, besetzt รก jour mit 424 Diamanten in Altschliff.
AUKTION 240 Orden und Ehrenzeichen Der Nachlaß der Offiziersfamilie Balck, Osnabrück, u. a.
ZEIT
Dienstag, 19. November 2013 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr 14.00 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr
ORT
Steigenberger Hotel Remarque Osnabrück, Natruper-Tor-Wall 1
AUKTIONS-TELEFON
+49 (0)541 60 96 633
AUKTIONS-FAX
+49 (0)541 60 96 634
Auktionen 240-243, November 2013 19. NOVEMBER 2013
Auktion 240 Orden und Ehrenzeichen Der Nachlaß der Offiziersfamilie Balck, Osnabrück, u. a.
20. NOVEMBER 2013
Auktion 241 Goldprägungen Münzen aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit Deutsche Münzen ab 1871 Auktion 242 Historische Medaillen aus fünf Jahrhunderten
21. NOVEMBER 2013
Auktion 243 Münzen aus der Welt der Antike Spezialsammlung keltischer Münzen Griechen, Römer, Völkerwanderung Die Sammlung Dr. Gerhard Himmel, Graz, u. a.
Zeitplan/Timetable Auktion 240 Orden und Ehrenzeichen Der Nachlaß der Offiziersfamilie Balck, Osnabrück, u. a.
Dienstag, 19. November 2013
10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 1 bis Nr. 449 Deutsche Staaten, Nachlaß William Balck, Heiliges Römisches Reich deutscher Nation, Kaiserreich, Weimarer Republik, Danzig, Drittes Reich, DDR, BRD, Europa: Albanien - Frankreich (Teil 1) 14.00 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr Nr. 450 bis Nr. 1119 Europa: Frankreich (Teil 2) - Vatikan, Übersee
Auktion 241 Goldprägungen Münzen aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit Deutsche Münzen ab 1871
Mittwoch, 20. November 2013
10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 2001 bis Nr. 2639
Auktion 242 Historische Medaillen aus fünf Jahrhunderten
Auktion 243 Münzen aus der Welt der Antike Spezialsammlung keltischer Münzen Griechen, Römer, Völkerwanderung Die Sammlung Dr. Gerhard Himmel, Graz, u. a.
14.00 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr Nr. 3001 bis Nr. 3703 Donnerstag, 21. November 2013
10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 4001 bis Nr. 4671 Spezialsammlung keltischer Münzen, Griechische Münzen 14.00 Uhr - 18.30 Uhr Nr. 4672 bis Nr. 5365 Römische Münzen, Völkerwanderung, Byzantinische Münzen, Kreuzfahrer, Orientalische Münzen
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Sehr geehrte Münzfreunde/Dear Coin Collectors, Ich wünsche Ihnen viel Freude mit unseren neuen Auktionskatalogen und hoffe, Sie finden einige schöne Stücke für Ihre Sammlung. Als Europas führendes Auktionshaus für Münzen, Medaillen und Orden hat sich unser Dienstleistungsspektrum für Sie als unsere Kunden stetig verbessert und erweitert. Einen kleinen Überblick über unsere Angebote finden Sie hier. I wish you a lot of pleasure with our new auction catalogues and I hope you will find a few additonal items for your collection. As Europe´s leading auction company for coins, medals and decorations our range of services for our customers has been steadily improving and expanding. Following is a short overview of our offers. Mit herzlichen Grüßen/With warm regards
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AUKTIONEN/AUCTIONS Besuchen Sie unsere international bedeutenden Auktionen, die Ihnen viermal jährlich zahlreiche Raritäten bieten. Profitieren Sie als Bieter oder Einlieferer von unserer Erfahrung und Kompetenz. Visit our internationally recognized auctions which take place four times a year and offer many rarities. Benefit from our experience and competence while being a bidder or consigner. GOLDHANDEL/GOLD COIN TRADING Wir bieten Ihnen ein ständiges Angebot sowie den Ankauf von Anlagemünzen aus Deutschland, Europa und aller Welt zu fairen tagesaktuellen Preisen. We are constantly offering as well as purchasing a vast range of German, European and World bullion coins. We buy and sell gold assets at a fair, daily updated market price. ONLINE-SHOP Wir bieten Ihnen in unserem Online-Shop auf www.kuenker.de ein täglich aktualisiertes Münz-Angebot von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit. Kaufen Sie hier unkompliziert zum Festpreis und ohne Risiko. We offer you an exclusive daily updated selection of coins from ancient to modern times. You can order at www.kuenker.com without hassle or risk. eLIVE AUCTION Mit unseren eLive Auctions können Sie über das Internet an regelmäßigen Auktionen mit einem virtuellen Auktionator teilnehmen. Sie können Vorgebote bequem online abgeben und abschließend die Auktion live am Bildschirm für sich entscheiden. With our eLive Auctions, we offer you an opportunity to participate in regular auctions live over the Internet. You can submit preliminary bids online, and up to the last moment of the sale you can win auctions live on your computer screen. ORDEN UND EHRENZEICHEN/ORDERS AND DECORATIONS Einmal im Jahr findet unsere besondere Ordensauktion statt, die sich ganz den dekorativen Ehrenzeichen widmet. Profitieren Sie als Bieter oder Einlieferer von unserer Erfahrung und Kompetenz im Bereich Phaleristik. Once a year there is a special auction dedicated to medals and decorations. Benefit from our experience in the field of phaleristik becoming our bidder or consigner.
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
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Besichtigung/On View Die Besichtigung des Auktionsgutes kann nach vorheriger telefonischer Absprache erfolgen. Auction lots may be viewed by appointment only.
Online-Katalog/Online Catalogue Betrachten Sie unsere Auktionskataloge im Internet! Unter www.kuenker.de und www.sixbid.com haben Sie die Möglichkeit, Abbildungen zu vergrößern, Ihre Gebote direkt abzugeben und die Ergebnisse der Auktionen abzurufen.
KUENKER.DE
Please browse our auction catalogues at www.kuenker.com or at www.sixbid.com! You will have the possibility to zoom all images, to place your bids and to view all auction results online.
Künker-Service Wir sind mittlerweile mit neun eigenen Standorten in Deutschland und Europa vertreten. So können wir Ihnen unseren beliebten Künker-Service auch in Ihrer Nähe anbieten. Unsere Leistungen vor Ort: • Persönliche Beratung und Betreuung in Ihrer Nähe. • Sie können Ihre Münzen direkt einliefern oder verkaufen, ersteigerte Münzen abholen und sich nach Vereinbarung Einlieferungen auszahlen lassen. • Sie können sich von unserem Kooperationspartner auf den Künker-Auktionen vertreten lassen. We are now represented with nine locations in Germany and Europe so that we can also provide you the best service in your vicinity. Our local services: • You always have a point of contact nearby. • You can directly consign or sell your coins, collect purchases and receive by appointment payment for consignments. • You can have our cooperation partner represent you at our auctions.
OSNABRÜCK Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Gutenbergstraße 23, 49076 Osnabrück Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20, E-Mail: service@kuenker.de USt-IdNr./VAT-No: DE256270181
Haupptstsititz Ha ititz in in Osn s abbrüückk
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TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
Standorte/Locations
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MÜNCHEN Künker Numismatik AG Löwengrube 12, 80333 München Dr. Hubert Ruß Tel. +49 (0)89 242 198 38, service@kuenker-numismatik.de Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Maximiliansplatz 12a, 80333 München Frank Richardsen Tel. +49 (0)89 242 16 990, frank.richardsen@kuenker.de BERLIN Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Poststraße 22, 10178 Berlin-Mitte Wollankstraße 117, 13187 Berlin-Pankow Michael Otto Tel. +49 (0)30 247 248 91, michael.otto@kuenker.de
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HAMBURG Künker Hamburg, c/o Roland Trampe Roland Trampe Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20, roland.trampe@kuenker.de KONSTANZ Künker Konstanz, c/o Michael Autengruber Schulthaißstraße 10, 78462 Konstanz Michael Autengruber Tel. +49 (0)7531 28 44 69, michael.autengruber@kuenker.de
Michaeel Autengruubeer
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ZNOJMO Künker Znojmo, c/o Petr Kovaljov 17. Listopadu 18, 66902 Znojmo, Tschechische Republik Petr Kovaljov Tel. +42 (0)603 81 10 31, petr.kovaljov@kuenker.de ZÜRICH Künker Zürich, c/o Hess-Divo AG Löwenstraße 55, 8001 Zürich, Schweiz Ulf Künker Tel. +41 (0)44 225 40 90, zuerich@kuenker.de
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MOSKAU Künker Moskau, c/o Russian Coin Co. Ltd. Lyalin pereulok dom 9, str. 1, of. 3, 105062 Moskau, Russland Aleksey Onchukov Tel. +7 (495) 589 56 10, aleksey.onchukov@kuenker.de
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
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Was ist für Ihre schriftliche Auktionsteilnahme besonders wichtig?
DEUTSCH
• Bitte senden Sie uns Ihre Aufträge möglichst frühzeitig zu. Wenn uns Ihr Auftrag erst kurz vor der Auktion erreicht, können sich bei der Bearbeitung Fehler einschleichen. Das beiliegende Formular erleichtert Ihnen die Abgabe eines schriftlichen Gebots. Gerne nehmen wir Ihre Gebote per Post, Fax oder Email entgegen. • Wenn Sie noch nicht bei uns gekauft haben, bitten wir Sie, uns als Referenz eine Münzhandlung anzugeben, mit der Sie bereits in Geschäftsverbindung stehen. • Wir gewährleisten die Echtheit aller verkauften Objekte auch über die gesetzliche Frist hinaus.
Sie möchten telefonisch an der Auktion teilnehmen? Die telefonische Teilnahme an der Auktion ist bei uns selbstverständlich möglich. Wir rufen Sie während der Auktion gerne an und helfen Ihnen, die gewünschten Stücke zu ersteigern. Aus organisatorischen Gründen bitten wir Sie, die folgenden Punkte zu beachten:
Ulrich Künker Leiter Kundenbetreuung
• Telefonisches Bieten ist nur bei Losen mit einer Taxe von mind. € 500,– möglich. • Bitte teilen Sie uns mindestens 48 Stunden vor der Auktion mit, zu welchen Stücken Sie angerufen werden möchten. • Bitte achten Sie darauf, dass Sie erreichbar sind, wenn Ihre Stücke versteigert werden. Der Zeitplan in diesem Katalog hilft Ihnen dabei, den Zeitpunkt der Versteigerung abzuschätzen. • Wir empfehlen, zusätzlich zu Ihrem Anrufwunsch auch ein Gebotslimit abzugeben, damit wir für Sie auch dann bieten können, falls die Verbindung nicht zustande kommt. • Bitte beachten Sie, dass telefonisches Bieten eine unsichere Variante der Auktionsteilnahme sein kann. Wir können keine Garantie für das Zustandekommen der telefonischen Verbindung übernehmen. Wenn Sie sicher gehen wollen, besuchen Sie bitte unsere Auktion persönlich oder geben Sie uns ein schriftliches Gebot.
Was passiert nach der Auktion? Barbara Westmeyer deutschsprachige Kundenbetreuung
Telefon: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 Gebührenfrei: 0800 58 36 537 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Internet: www.kuenker.de Montag – Donnerstag 8.30 – 17.00 Uhr Freitag 8.00 – 15.30 Uhr
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• Der Versand der Auktionsware startet sofort nach Beendigung der Auktion und dauert in der Regel 8 Tage. • Alle Kunden, die an unserer Auktion schriftlich teilgenommen haben, erhalten innerhalb von 2 Wochen nach der Auktion unsere Ergebnisliste gratis. • Alle Ergebnisse sind spätestens einen Tag nach Auktionsende auf unserer Internetseite verfügbar.
Sie möchten Ihre Münzen in unsere Auktion einliefern? Sollten Sie sich zum Verkauf Ihrer Münzen entschlossen haben, kommen Sie zu uns. Seit 1985 beweisen wir mit derzeit 4 Auktionsterminen und ca. 15 Katalogen pro Jahr unsere Kompetenz und Zuverlässigkeit. Wichtige Informationen für Sie im Überblick: • Ihre Münzen werden von unseren Experten nach neuestem numismatischem Standard bestimmt und in hochwertigen Farbkatalogen präsentiert. • Wir verfügen mit mehr als 10.000 Kunden über eine der besten Kundendateien weltweit. Im Durchschnitt verkaufen wir mehr als 95 % der Stücke einer Auktion, nicht selten erzielen wir dabei Rekordzuschläge. Für nicht verkaufte Objekte werden keine Gebühren erhoben. • Ab der Übergabe an uns sind Ihre Münzen mit dem doppelten Schätzwert versichert. Unsere Kundenbetreuung bespricht gerne mit Ihnen wie Ihre Stücke sicher zu uns gelangen können. • Ihre Einlieferung wird Ihnen sofort nach der Übernahme quittiert. Spätestens 5 Wochen vor der Auktion erhalten Sie eine Auflistung Ihrer Stücke inkl. Katalognummern und Schätzpreisen. • Unmittelbar nach der Auktion erhalten Sie die Ergebnisliste und können dann alle erzielten Preise feststellen. Den Auktionserlös erhalten Sie innerhalb von 45 Tagen nach der Auktion.
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
Important facts for a written participation in the auction • Please send us your instructions as early as possible. The likelihood of errors occurring increases if we receive your instructions only shortly before the auction. The enclosed form should make it simple for you to submit a written bid, you may send your bids by mail, fax or e-mail. • If you are a new customer who has not yet purchased from us, we do request references. Please name a coin dealer with whom you have already done business. • The genuineness of all objects sold is warranted beyond the statutory length of time.
ENGLISH
Do you wish to participate by telephone? You are welcome to participate in our auction by telephone. We are glad to call you during the auction and to assist you in bidding for your items. Please take notice of the following conditions: • Telephone bidding is accepted exclusively on lot numbers with estimates at 500 Euro or above. • Please inform us at least 48 hours in advance if you wish to register for telephone bidding, even for single lots. We do need 48 hours to schedule all incoming requests. • Please be available, when your lots will be sold. The time schedule in the catalogue will help you to estimate the approximate time when your items are going to be sold. • When you register for telephone bidding, we recommend to leave a written bid in addition. This bid will only be executed, should the telephone bidding be interrupted or not be achieved. • Please be aware that telephone bidding is a risky way of participation in our auction. We do not assume liability should the telephone line be interrupted or not be achieved. We advise you to attend the auction in person or to send written bids.
Nadine Zuber English, Deutsch
What occurs after the auction? • The shipment of all auction goods starts immediately after the completion of the entire auction week and it usually takes 8 days to be completed. • All auction results are available on our website one day after the end of the auction week. • All clients who submitted bids for the auction will automatically receive the list of auction results free of charge within two weeks after the end of auction.
Do you wish to consign your coins to our auction? Should you decide to sell your coins, we are ready to assist you. Since 1985 we have earned our bona fides in conducting over 4 auctions and in publishing 15 catalogues per year. In the following you will find the most important information on consigning: • We guarantee the professional handling of your consignment following the latest numismatic level of expertise including its presentation in colour catalogues of outstanding quality. • We possess one of the best customer lists worldwide. On average we sell more than 95 % of all items in our auction, and it is not unusual for us to achieve record hammer prices for lots submitted. Unsold items incur no fees. • Once the coins are consigned they are covered by our insurance at double the estimate. Upon consultation with our customer service we try to advise you on the safest way of shipping for your coins. • Your delivery will be confirmed in writing immediately on receipt. At least five weeks before the auction, you will receive an exact list of your objects with the relevant catalogue numbers and descriptions. • Within a week of the end of auction, you will receive a list of auction results in order to see what prices were reached for each individual lot. As a consignor, you will receive the auction proceeds within 45 days after the end of auction.
Marion Künker English, Deutsch
Phone: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Website: www.kuenker.com Monday –Thursday 8.30 AM – 5 PM Friday 8 AM – 3.30 PM
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
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Votre participation par écrit – Les points essentiels
FRANCAIS
• Veuillez nous faire parvenir vos ordres le plus tôt possible. Si vos ordres nous parviennent juste avant la vente aux enchères, des erreurs risquent d’être commises lors de leur traitement. Le formulaire ci-joint vous aidera à rédiger facilement votre offre. Vous pouvez nous envoyer vos ordres par la poste, par fax ou par e-mail. • Si vous n’avez encore fait aucune acquisition chez nous, nous vous prions de nous indiquer une ou deux références d’autres maisons numismatiques où vous avez déjà acheté. • L’authenticité des pièces vendues est garantie même au-delà des délais légaux.
Vous voulez participer par téléphone? La participation par téléphone est bien sûr possible. Nous vous appelons volontiers pour vous aider à acquérir les pièces voulues. Pour des raisons d´organisation veuillez noter les points suivants:
Alexandra Elflein, M. A. Français, Deutsch, English, Italiano
• La participation par téléphone est possible seulement pour les lots estimé à plus de 500 Euros chacun. • Veuillez nous informer au moins 48 heures avant la vente de la liste des pièces pour lesquelles vous voudriez être appelé. • Veuillez prendre soin d´être joignable quand vos pièces seront mises en vente. L’ordre de vente dans ce catalogue vous aidera à estimer l´heure de la vente. • Vue les risques de la participation téléphonique, nous vous recommandons néanmoins d’indiquer une limite maximale pour chaque lot, pour que nous puissions enchérir pour vous, même si la communication téléphonique serait interrompue ou ne pourrait pas être établie. • La participation par téléphone présente des risques, et nous déclinons toute responsabilité dans le cas où la communication téléphonique serait interrompue, ou bien ne pourrait être établie.
Ce qui se passe après la vente Kmar Chachoua Français, Deutsch, English, Arabic
Tél. +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Facs. +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Site: www.kuenker.de Lundi à Jeudi de 8h30 à 17h00 Vendredi de 8h00 à 15h30
• L´expédition des biens va commencer immédiatement après la fin de la vente complète, et prend généralement 8 jours. • Tous les clients qui ont participé à l’une de nos ventes aux enchères recevront gratuitement une liste de résultats dans les deux semaines qui suivent. • Les résultats seront disponibles sur notre site internet, au plus tard un jour après la fin de la vente.
Vous voulez confier vos monnaies pour nos ventes aux enchères? Contactez nous si vous envisagez de vendre vos pièces. Notre compétence et fiabilité est prouvée depuis 1985 par actuellement 4 ventes aux enchères et environ 15 catalogues par an. Le plus important pour vous est que: • Vos pièces seront décrites par notre équipe d’experts selon les standards numismatiques les plus récents, et elles seront présentées dans des catalogues de haute qualité en couleurs. • Nous avons un des meilleurs fichiers-clientèle du monde avec plus de 10.000 clients. Nous vendons en moyenne plus de 95% de la vente aux enchères, et obtenons souvent des prix records. Les monnaies invendues n’encourent aucun frais. • Notre service clientèle est disponible pour vous conseiller pour l’envoi de vos pièces, et dès leur réception vos pièces seront assurées pour le double de la valeur d´estimation. • Vous recevrez une liste détaillée des pièces fournies au moment de la prise en charge puis, au plus tard cinq semaines avant la vente aux enchères, vous recevrez leur liste exacte avec les numéros de catalogue correspondants. • Immédiatement après la vente aux enchères, vous recevrez la liste des résultats et pourrez prendre connaissance des prix obtenus. Vous recevrez le produit de la vente dans les 45 jours après les enchères.
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TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
I punti piú importanti per la Sua partecipazione per iscritto • La preghiamo di farci pervenire i Suoi ordini al piú presto possibile. Se i Suoi ordini ci arrivano poco prima dell´inizio dell´asta possono verificarsi errori. Il formulario allegato Le faciliterá l´invio dei Suoi ordini per iscritto. Ci puó far pervenire i Suoi ordini per posta, per fax o per email. • Se non ha mai acquistato presso di noi, La preghiamo di volerci indicare a titolo di referenza il nome di uno o due commercianti numismatici presso i quali è giá cliente. • L’autenticità di tutti gli oggetti venduti viene garantita anche oltre i termini previsti dalla legge.
ITALIANO
Desidera partecipare telefonicamente alla nostra asta? La partecipazione telefonica è naturalmente da noi possibile. La chiameremo durante l´asta e La assisteremo volentieri per ottenere l´aggiudicazione dei pezzi desiderati. Per motivi di organizzazione La preghiamo di voler tenere conto dei seguenti punti: • La partecipazione telefonica è possibile solo per lotti stimati con almeno 500,– € l´uno. • La preghiamo di volerci comunicare almeno 48 ore prima dell´inizio dell´asta per quali pezzi desidera essere chiamato. • La preghiamo di aver cura di essere raggiungibile telefonicamente al momento in cui vengono messi all´asta i pezzi che Le interessano. Lo schema orario in catalogo La aiuterá a stimare a che ora verranno messi all´asta i pezzi che Le interessano. • Consigliamo di indicare sempre assieme alla richiesta di partecipazione telefonica anche un´ importo massimo, per permetterci di fare per Lei l´offerta anche nel caso in cui la telefonata non fosse possibile. • La partecipazione telefonica è un modo incerto di partecipare alle aste. Non assumiamo nessuna responsabilità se per esempio la linea telefonica è occupata o interrotta o se Lei non sará raggiungibile per altri motivi.
Sonia Russo, M. A. Italiano, Deutsch, English, Español
Cosa succede dopo l´asta? • La spedizione del materiale d´asta comincia subito dopo la fine dell´intera asta e termina normalmente entro 8 giorni. • Tutti i clienti che hanno partecipato all´asta ricevono entro 2 settimane dopo l´asta la lista dei prezzi di realizzo. • I prezzi di realizzo sono visionabili sul nostro sito internet al piú tardi un giorno dopo la fine dell´intera asta.
Vuole consegnarci le Sue monete per una nostra asta? Ci contatti se ha deciso di vendere le Sue monete. Dal 1985 la nostra competenza ed affidabilità è dimostrata da attualmente 4 aste e circa 15 cataloghi all´anno. Quali sono i punti di maggior importanza per Lei:
Cristina Welzel Italiano, Deutsch, English, Français
Tel.: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Internet: www.kuenker.de Lunedì a giovedì dalle 8.30 alle 17.00 Venerdì dalle 8.00 alle 15.30
• Le Sue monete vengono valutate dal nostro staff di esperti secondo i piú attuali standard numismatici e vengono presentati in cataloghi di alto valore a colori. • Con piú di 10.000 clienti disponiamo di una delle migliori banca dati clienti del mondo. In media vendiamo oltre il 95% del materiale d´asta realizzando spesso prezzi da record. Per i pezzi invenduti non ci sono nessune spese da pagare. • Dal momento della consegna le Sue monete sono assicurate per il doppio del valore di stima. Il nostro servizio clientela Le consiglierá volentieri come farci avere le Sue monete nel modo piú sicuro. • La Sua consegna Le verrá immediatamente quietanzata al momento della resa dei pezzi. Al piú tardi 5 settimane prima dell´asta riceverá una lista dettagliata dei Suoi pezzi con i numeri di catalogo ed i prezzi di stima. • Subito dopo l´asta riceverá la lista con i risultati d´asta dalla quale potrá subito controllare i prezzi realizzati. Riceverá l´importo di realizzo entro 45 giorni dopo la fine dell´asta.
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
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Что особенно важно при заочном участии на аукционе?
RUSSKIJ
• Тщательно изучите наш каталог и запишите те лоты, которые Вас заинтересовали. Заполните приложенный формуляр и отправьте нам его заранее по почте, факсу или электронной почте. Мы обращаем внимание на то, что если Ваши ставки придут перед самым началом аукциона либо во время аукциона, то существует вероятность допуска ошибки в процессе обработки заказа. • Если Вы впервые принимаете участие в нашем аукционе, то мы рекомендуем Вам указать Ваш референц – аукционные дома, с которыми Вы уже сотрудничали. Или свяжитесь с нами по телефону +49(0)541 9620268. • Подлинность купленных на нашем аукционе лотов гарантируется нами на протяжении неограниченного времени.
Вы хотели бы принять участие на аукционе по телефону? У нас, конечно, есть возможность организовать Ваше телефонное участие на торгах, но мы бы хотели обратить внимание на следующие пункты: Anastasija Koepsell Russkij, Deutsch
Dzmitry Nikulin Russkij, Deutsch, English
Телефон: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Факс: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de интернет: www.kuenker.de понедельник – четверг 8.30 – 17.00 пятница 8 – 15.30
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Öffentlicher Bildvortrag von Michael Autengruber anlässlich unserer November-Auktionen 2013
Vom ‚Pour le mérite‘ zu den ‚Brillanten‘ – William und Hermann Balck, zwei ‚Osnabrücker‘ im Spiegel ihrer Auszeichnungen William Balck (1858-1924), preußischer Generalleutnant, am 19. Oktober 1858 in Osnabrück als Sohn des britischen Hauptmanns und Brevet-Oberstleutnants a. D. George Philip Balck (1812-1885) und dessen Ehefrau Charlotte, geb. Lütgen (1822- 1905) geboren, erhielt im Laufe seines Lebens zahlreiche deutsche und ausländische Orden und Ehrenzeichen, wie z. B. den preußischen Orden „Pour le mérite“. Der Vortragende wird versuchen, einige Aspekte seines Lebens vor dem Hintergrund der ihm verliehenen Auszeichnungen zu beleuchten. Hermann Balck (1893-1982), General der Panzertruppe, Sohn von William Balck und dessen Ehefrau Mathilde, geb. Jensen (1869-1950), hat u. a. die höchsten Auszeichnungen für Tapferkeit während des Zweiten Weltkriegs erhalten, so das Eichenlaub mit Schwertern und Brillanten zum Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939. Ohne militaristisches Pathos soll versucht werden, die Anlässe für diese Verleihungen zu beleuchten. Zusammen mit Ehefrau, Eltern und Großeltern ist er auf dem Hasefriedhof in Osnabrück begraben.
Dienstag, 19. November 2013 um 19:00 Uhr Steigenberger Hotel Remarque in Osnabrück
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INHALT AUKTION 240 Nr. ORDEN UND EHRENZEICHEN AUS ALLER WELT DEUTSCHE STAATEN Anhalt Baden Bayern Braunschweig Hannover Freie Hansestädte Hohenzollern Lippe Schaumburg-Lippe Mecklenburg-Schwerin Nassau Oldenburg NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK Preußen Bayern Hamburg Lippe Sachsen Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Waldeck Württemberg Deutsches Reich Konvolut Griechenland Großbritannien Luxemburg Rumänien Umfangreicher Urkunden- und Dokumenten-Teil-Nachlaß Preußen Reuß Sachsen, sächsische Herzogtümer Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Waldeck und Pyrmont Westphalen Württemberg
1
-
1119
19
-
305
1 1
-
19
-
6 13 15
-
21 23 24
-
18 22
-
25 26
-
25
-
28
-
158 4 5 12 14 16 17 21 23 24 26 27 33
69 19 20 23 24 25 25 26 27 27 28 28 28
34 34 52
-
29 31
-
56 59
-
40
-
65 67
-
46
-
71
-
73 51 53 54 55 58 60 61 62 63 64 66 69 70 72 73
74
-
105 152 154
-
157
-
Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation (bis 1806)
12
Seite
103 104 151 153 155 156 158
49 37 38 39 39 41 42 43 44 44 45 45 47 48 49 49
50
-
55
-
159
55 55 68 68 68 69 69 70
Deutsches (Kaiser-) Reich (1871-1918)
160
-
170
70
-
71
Weimarer Republik (1919-1933)
171
-
206
72
-
75
Nr. Danzig (1920-1939) Drittes Reich (1933-1945)
Seite 207
75
208
-
268
76
-
92
208
-
218
76 -
83
Deutsche Demokratische Republik (1949-1990)
269
-
315
92
-
98
Bundesrepublik Deutschland
316
-
326
99
-
102
NACHLASS HERMANN BALCK
Deutschland - Rotes Kreuz
327
102
Deutschland - Ordenssschnallen
328
-
348
Deutschland - Miniaturenschnallen und -kettchen
349
-
350
109
Deutschland - Allgemeine Konvolute
351
-
354
110
EUROPA UND ÜBERSEE
355
-
367
Freimaurer, Schlaraffen, usw. International
102
110
-
-
355
109
112 110
Miniaturenschnallen und - kettchen International
356
-
357
110
-
111
Konvolute - International
358
-
367
111
-
112
EUROPA
368
-
907
113
-
237
Albanien Andorra Belgien Bulgarien Dänemark Estland Finnland Frankreich Griechenland Griechisch Orthodoxe Kirche Vereinigtes Königreich von Großbritannien und Nordirland Internationale und Gesellschafts - Orden Italien Litauen Luxemburg Souveräner Malteser Ritterorden Monaco Niederlande Norwegen Österreich Polen Portugal Rumänien Rußland Schweden Schweiz
370 391 401
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406 413 661 664
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667 685 700 724
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728 732 734 737 752 758 776 794 826
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368 369 390 400 404 405 412 660 663 666 684 699 723 725 726 727 731 733 736 751 757 775 793 825 845 846
114 119 121
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123 125 164 165
-
166 171 174
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184
-
188
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192 197 203 214
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113 114 118 120 122 123 124 163 165 166 171 174 181 182 182 183 185 186 187 190 191 197 202 213 220 220 13
Nr. Serbien und Jugoslawien Spanien Tschechoslowakei und Tschechische Republik Ukraine Ungarn Kirchenstaat, Heiliger Stuhl und Vatikan ÜBERSEE Afrika Ägypten Vereinigte Arabische Republik Republik Äquatorial-Guinea Äthiopien Argentinische Republik Benin (-Dahomey) Republik Bolivien Brasilien Burundi Chile China Dominikanische Republik Equador Elfenbeinküste El Salvador Gabunische Republik Guatemala Haiti Hawaii Honduras Irak Japan Hedjaz und Jordanien Kambodscha Kamerun Kolumbien Komoren Kongo Korea Kuba Kuweit Laos Libanon Liberia Libyen Madagaskar Malaysia Marokko Mexiko Mongolei 14
Seite
847 856
-
855 895
221 223
-
223 234
896
-
234
-
903
-
900 901 902 907
235 236 236 237
908
-
238
-
909
-
238
-
919 924 928 931 934 944 947 950 955 958 960
-
241 243 244
-
246 249 250 252
-
963 965 967
-
970
-
260
-
975 984 987 992 994 998 1000 1005 1007
-
262 266 267
-
269
-
271
-
1010 1013 1019
-
273 274 276
-
1031 1036
-
1119 908 916 917 918 923 927 930 933 943 946 949 954 957 959 961 962 964 966 968 969 973 974 983 986 991 993 997 999 1004 1006 1008 1009 1012 1018 1027 1028 1029 1030 1035 1041 1042
279 281
-
305 238 240 240 241 242 244 245 246 249 250 251 254 255 256 256 257 257 258 259 260 261 262 266 267 268 269 270 270 272 272 273 273 274 275 277 278 278 279 280 282 283
Nr. Nepal Nicaragua Niger Panama Paraguay Persien / Iran Peru Philippinen Ruanda Senegal Syrien Tansania-Sansibar Siam / Thailand Tschad Türkei Tunesien Uruguay Venezuela Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika (U. S. A.) Annam-Vietnam Zentralafrika
1043
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1046
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1050 1058
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1067 1069 1071 1073 1082 1085 1090 1105 1107 1112 1114 1116
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Seite 1044 1045 1047 1048 1049 1057 1064 1065 1066 1068 1070 1072 1081 1084 1089 1104 1106 1111 1113 1115 1119
285 287
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292
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294 296
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301
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304
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283 283 284 284 285 287 288 289 289 289 290 291 293 293 296 300 301 303 303 304 305
Anhang Erhaltungsangaben
17
Liste der vollbesteuerten Objekte
306
Literaturverzeichnis Orden
307
Leitfaden zur erfolgreichen schriftlichen Auktionsteilnahme/ Важная информация об участии на аукционе
320
Versteigerungsbedingungen/Terms and Conditions of Auction
324
Numismatische Ausdrücke/Numismatic Terms
326
Impressum/Bankverbindungen
328
15
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16
&KG #DDKNFWPIGP UKPF UQHGTP PKEJV CPFGTU CPIGIGDGP CWH )TÌG XGTMNGKPGTV &CU .KVGTCVWTXGT\GKEJPKU DGHKPFGV UKEJ CO 'PFG FGU -CVCNQIGU +H PQV QVJGTYKUG UVCVGF KOCIGU CTG TGFWEGF VQ QH VJG QTKIKPCN UK\G 6JG DKDNKQITCRJ[ KU VQ DG HQWPF CV VJG GPF QH VJG ECVCNQIWG
Erhaltungs und Seltenheitsgrade Orden und Ehrenzeichen, Medaillen und Miniaturen, Urkunden, Dokumente und sonstige historische 5COONWPIUIGIGPUV·PFG UKPF 1DLGMVG FKG \WO 6TCIGP D\Y \WO V·INKEJGP )GDTCWEJ DGUVKOOV YCTGP WPF UQOKV GKPGT PCVWTIGO·GP #DPWV\WPI WPVGTNKGIGP $GUQPFGTU DGK HTÒJGP 'ZGORNCTGP DGTÒEMUKEJVKIV FKG 'TJCNVWPIUGKPUVWHWPI FCU #NVGT /·PIGN QFGT $GUEJ·FKIWPIGP FKG ÒDGT FCU ÒDNKEJG /C JKPCWUIGJGP YGTFGP KP FGT $GUEJTGKDWPI CWUFTÒEMNKEJ GTY·JPV 9KT YGKUGP KP FKGUGO <WUCOOGPJCPI CWUFTÒEMNKEJ FCTCWH JKP FC FGT -WPFG UKG /ÌINKEJMGKV \WT 8QTDGUKEJVKIWPI XQT FGT 8GTUVGKIGTWPI JCV 'TJCNVWPIUCPICDGP CNU 'TIGDPKU UWDLGMVKXGT $GVTCEJVWPI UKPF MGKP $GUVCPFVGKN FGT $GUEJTGKDWPI &GT LGYGKNKIG 'TJCNVWPIU\WUVCPF KUV PCEJ FGT $GUEJTGKDWPI YKG HQNIV CPIGIGDGP + 2TCEJVGZGORNCT PGWYGTVKI QFGT PGW ++ XQT\ÒINKEJ GTJCNVGP OKV MNGKPGP )GDTCWEJUURWTGP +++ IWV GTJCNVGP OKV )GDTCWEJUURWTGP +8 OKV UGJT FGWVNKEJGP )GDTCWEJUURWTGP #WEJ 5GNVGPJGKVUITCFG CNU 'TIGDPKU UWDLGMVKXGT NCPIL·JTKIGT /CTMVDGQDCEJVWPI UKPF MGKP $GUVCPFVGKN FGT $GUEJTGKDWPI &GT LGYGKNKIG 5GNVGPJGKVUITCF KUV PCEJ FGT $GUEJTGKDWPI YKG HQNIV CPIGIGDGP 4 UGNVGP 44 UGJT UGNVGP 444 XQP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 4444 GZVTGO UGNVGP Indication of Condition and Rarity Orders and decorations, medals and miniatures, documents and other historical collectibles are objects QTKIKPCNN[ KPVGPFGF HQT YGCTKPI TGUR WUG CPF VJGTGHQTG VJG[ CTG UWDLGEV VQ C EGTVCKP YGCT CPF VGCT 'URGEKCNN[ HQT GCTN[ RKGEGU VJG ITCFG QH EQPFKVKQP KU EQPUKFGTKPI KVU CIG +ORQTVCPV FGHGEVU QT FCOCIGU CTG OGPVKQPGF KP VJG FGUETKRVKQP 6JG ENKGPV JGTGYKVJ KU KPHQTOGF VJCV JG JCU VJG RQUUKDKNKV[ DGHQTG VJG CWEVKQP HQT C RGTUQPCN XKGY CPF EQPVTQN QH VJG QDLGEVU JG OKIJV DG KPVGTGUVGF KP 6JG FGITGGU QH EQPFKVKQP CU C TGUWNV QH UWDLGEVKXG EQPUKFGTCVKQP CTG PQV RCTV QH VJG FGUETKRVKQP 6JG TGNCVKXG EQPFKVKQP KU KPFKECVGF CHVGT VJG FGUETKRVKQP CU HQNNQYU + GZVTGOGN[ HKPG EQPFKVKQP ++ IQQF XGT[ HKPG EQPFKVKQP +++ KP HKPG EQPFKVKQP +8 KP DCF EQPFKVKQP #NUQ VJG KPFKECVKQP QH TCTKV[ CU C TGUWNV QH C UWDLGEVKXG QDUGTXCVKQP QH VJG OCTMGV CTG PQV RCTV QH VJG FGUETKRVKQP 6JG TGNCVKXG TCTKV[ KU KPFKECVGF CHVGT VJG FGUETKRVKQP CU HQNNQYU 4 TCTG 44 XGT[ TCTG 444 QH JKIJGUV TCTKV[ 4444 GZVTGOGN[ TCTG
17
Rechtlicher Hinweis zu Objekten des Deutschen Reiches von 1933 bis 1945 (sogen.: „Drittes Reich“): 5QNCPIG UKEJ -WPFG WPF 8GTM·WHGT PKEJV IGIGPVGKNKI ·WGTP XGTUKEJGTP UKG FC UKG )GIGPUV·PFG WPF $ÒEJGT CWU FGT <GKV FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU XQP DKU PWT \W <YGEMGP FGT UVCCVUDÒTIGTNKEJGP #WHMN·TWPI FGT #DYGJT XGTHCUUWPIUYKFTKIGT $GUVTGDWPIGP FGT -WPUV QFGT FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHV FGT (QTUEJWPI QFGT FGT .GJTG FGT $GTKEJVGTUVCVVWPI ÒDGT 8QTI·PIG FGU <GKVIGUEJGJGPU QFGT FGT )GUEJKEJVG QFGT ·JPNKEJGP <YGEMGP GTYGTDGP &KGUG )GIGPUV·PFG WPF $ÒEJGT YGTFGP ITWPFU·V\NKEJ PWT WPVGT FKGUGP 8QTCWUUGV\WPIGP CPIGDQVGP WPF CDIGIGDGP 5QOKV UVGNNV FGT 'TYGTD XQP )GIGPUV·PFGP WPF $ÒEJGTP CWU FKGUGT <GKV WPVGT FGP QDGP CWHIGHÒJTVGP 8QTCWUUGV\WPIGP IGO· FGT hh C #DU D\Y #DU 5V)$ MGKPGP 5VTCHVCVDGUVCPF KO 5KPPG FGU h C #DU 5V)$ FCT 7PVGT FKGUGP 7OUV·PFGP KUV GU CNUQ ITWPFU·V\NKEJ GTNCWDV 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FKG KP h #DU )GUGV\ ÒDGT 6KVGN 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP PKEJV CWHIGHÒJTV UKPF UQYKG #D\GKEJGP OKV PCVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUVKUEJGP 'ODNGOGP \W XGTMCWHGP WPF \W GTYGTDGP WPF FKGU GPVIGIGP FGP $GUVKOOWPIGP FGU h #DU )GUGV\ ÒDGT 6KVGN 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP &GUJCND JCV FGT $WPFGUOKPKUVGT FGT ,WUVK\ OKV 5EJTGKDGP ++ XQO FGO UGKPGT\GKVKIGP 8QTUKV\GPFGP FGU $WPFGU FGWVUEJGT 1TFGPUUCOONGT G 8 CWUFTÒEMNKEJ GTMN·TV FC FGT 'TYGTD XQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CWU FGT <GKV FGU UQIGPCPPVGP ō&TKVVGP 4GKEJGUŋ FWTEJ GTPUVJCHVG WPF QTICPKUKGTVG 5COONGT OKV FGO <KGN FKGUGP )GIGPUVCPF KP GKPG 5COONWPI GKP\WHÒIGP MGKPGP 5VTCHVCV DGUVCPF KO 5KPPG FGU )GUGV\GU FCTUVGNNV Rechtlicher Hinweis zu Objekten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Bundesländer: 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF WPF KJTGT $WPFGUN·PFGT GDGPUQ YKG FGTGP /KPKCVWTGP $CPFUVGIG -PQRHNQEJUEJNGKHGP WPF $CPFUEJPCNNGP FÒTHGP IGO· h #DU )GUGV\ ÒDGT 6KVGN 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP PWT CP $GTGEJVKIVG CDIGIGDGP YGTFGP #NU $GTGEJVKIVG IGNVGP JKGTDGK PGDGP FGP $GNKGJGPGP CWEJ CNNG FKGLGPKIGP 2GTUQPGP FKG KO $GUKV\ GKPGT 5COOGNIGPGJOKIWPI UKPF &KGUG 5COOGNIGPGJOKIWPI GTVGKNV CWH #PHTCIG FKG LGYGKNU \WUV·PFKIG $GJÌTFG &KG <WUV·PFKIMGKV KUV KP FGP GKP\GNPGP $WPFGUN·PFGTP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJ IGTGIGNV &KG 'TVGKNWPI GKPGT UQNEJGP )GPGJOKIWPI MCPP IGO· FGU -QOOGPVCTU \WO )GUGV\ XQP FGT \WUV·PFKIGP $GJÌTFG PWT DGK 8QTNKGIGP UEJYGTYKGIGPFGT )TÒPFG XGTYGKIGTV YGTFGP /KV GKPGO )GDQV CWH 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM WPF KJTGT $WPFGUN·PFGT XGTUKEJGTV FGT $KGVGT KO QTFPWPIUIGO·GP $GUKV\ GKPGT UQNEJGP 5COOGNIGPGJOKIWPI \W UGKP
18
ANHALT
&'765%*.#0&
2
1
&'765%*' 56##6'0 #0*#.6+5%*' (ª456'06ª/'4 )'/'+05#/ $+5 70& *'4<1)67/ #0*#.6
*GT\QINKEJ #PJCNVKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP #NDTGEJV FGU $·TGP 0KEJV RTQDGO·KIG #PHGTVKIWPI FGU -NGKPQFU \WO )TQMTGW\ OKV FGT -TQPG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V KO $CPFTKPI RWP\KGTV %12; QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF ++ 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (·NUEJWPI
'KP 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT Y·TG XQP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV .CWV 5EJCTHGPDGTI KP 5$ 5 KUV FCU )TQMTGW\ OKV FGT -TQPG KPUIGUCOV PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YQDGK PWT GKPG 8GTNGKJWPI OKV FGT -TQPG XQTIGPQOOGP YQTFGP KUV DGK CNNGP CPFGTGP JCPFGNV GU UKEJ WO *KP\WXGTNGKJWPIGP FGT -TQPG \WO DGTGKVU UEJQP KPPGJCDGPFGP )TQMTGW\
*GT\QINKEJ #PJCNVKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP #NDTGEJV FGU $·TGP 0KEJV RTQDGO·KIG #PHGTVKIWPI FGU -QOVWT- \GKEJGPU OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV KO $CPFTKPI RWP\KGTV %12; CO PGWGP *CNUDCPFUVÒEM ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (·NUEJWPI
3 4
#0*#.6 *'4<1)67/
(TKGFTKEJ -TGW\ 5VGEMMTGW\ PKEJV QHHK\KGNN $TQP\G $TQUEJKGTWPI YQJN 0GWUKNDGT $9- 1'- ++
(TKGFTKEJ -TGW\ $CPFMTGW\ $TQP\G QJPG $CPF $9- 1'-
++
8IN JKGT\W FKG #WUHÒJTWPIGP XQP )GTV 5EJCTHGPDGTI KP 5$ 5
19
BADEN
5
1,5:1
1,5:1
$#&'0 /#4-)4#(5%*#(6 $+5 -74(ª456'067/ 70& )4155 *'4<1)67/
/KNKV·TKUEJG 8GTFKGPUV /GFCKNNG D\Y CD /KNKV·TKUEJG -CTN (TKGFTKEJ 8GTFKGPUV /GFCKNNG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 2T·IWPI OKV FTGK -CPQPGPMWIGNP CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT &1'.. WPVGTJCND FGU 9CRRGPUEJKNFGU &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT I CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG ITCXKGTV $C[GT KP 5EJTGKDUEJTKHV FKG 4WPFNGKUVG OKV FGT CWHIGNÌVGVGP $CPFÌUG OKV \YGK 5VKHVGP HKZKGTV CO UR·VGTGP $CPFUVÒEM $9- D )- -$ 1'- 8. 444 ++ +++ .CWV <GNQUMQ KP <'. JCV #PFTGCU $C[GT )TGPCFKGT KP FGT .GKD )TGPCFKGT )CTFG FKGUG /GFCKNNG CO #RTKN XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP FKG 1TFTG JKGT\W FCVKGTV XQO /·T\ YGIGP DGYKGUGPGT 6CRHGTMGKV KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK 2CTKU CO /·T\
+P FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 2CTKU CWEJ CNU 5EJNCEJV XQP /QPVOCTVTG DG\GKEJPGV VTCHGP CO /·T\ FKG TWUUKUEJ ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ RTGWKUEJ DC[GTKUEJ YÒTVVDGODGTIKUEJ DCFKUEJGP -QCNKVKQPUVTWRRGP OKV EC /CPP WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ FGU RTGWKUEJGP )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNNU )GDJCTF .GDGTGEJV XQP $NÒEJGT WPF FGU ÌUVGTTGKEJK UEJGP (GNFOCTUEJCNNU -CTN 2JKNKRR (ÒTUV \W 5EJYCT\GPDGTI CWH FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 8GTVGKFKIWPIUNKPKG XQP 2CTKU OKV EC /CPP WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ XQP #WIWUVG FG /CTOQPV *GT\QI XQP 4CIWUC WPF /CTUEJCNN FQWCTF #FQNRJG /QTVKGT *GT\QI XQP 6TGXKUQ 5KG DTCEJVG FGP -QCNKVKQPUVTWRRGP EC WPF FGP (TCP\QUGP 6QVG WPF 8GTYWPFGVG &WTEJ FKG 0KGFGTNCIG FGT (TCP\QUGP HÒJTVG UKG WPOKVVGNDCT \WT $GUGV\WPI FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP *CWRVUVCFV CO /·T\ WPF FCOKV CWEJ \WT GTUVGP #DFCPMWPI -CKUGT 0CRQN¾QPU +
CO #RTKN PCEJFGO GT CO #RTKN XQO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5GPCV HÒT CDIGUGV\V GTMN·TV YQTFGP YCT
YKMKRGFKC
)NGKEJ\GKVKI OKV FGO /KNKV·TKUEJGP -CTN (TKGFTKEJ 8GTFKGPUV 1TFGP UVKHVGVG )TQJGT\QI %CTN (TKGFTKEJ OKV .CPFGUJGTTNKEJGT 8GTQTFPWPI XQO #RTKN FKG \YGKUVWHKIG )QNF WPF 5KNDGT /GFCKNNG \WT $GNQJPWPI JGTXQTUVGEJGPFGT XQT FGO (GKPFG XGTÒDVGT VCRHGTGT WPF MNWIGT 6JCVGP XQP 7PVGTQHHK\KGTGP WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP FWTEJ 'TNC FGT 5VCVWVGP /KV FGO XQP )TQJGT\QI .WFYKI + CO &G\GODGT GTNCUUGPGP 5VCVWVGP 0CEJVTCI YWTFG UKG CNU /KNKV·TKUEJG -CTN (TKGFTKEJ 8GTFKGPUV /GFCKNNG DG\GKEJPGV YCT CDGT FGO 1TFGP CWEJ YGKVGTJKP \W MGKPGO <GKVRWPMV FGU 8GTNGKJWPIU\GKVTCWOU CHHKNKKGTV
5KG YWTFG PKEJV PWT HÒT FKG OKNKV·TKUEJGP #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP XQP DKU WPF DKU XGTNKGJGP UQPFGTP KP IGTKPIGTGO /C CWEJ HÒT JGTXQTTCIGPFG OKNKV·TKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG KP (TKGFGPU \GKVGP &KG NGV\VGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP GTHQNIVGP CO 0QXGODGT PWT YGPKIG 6CIG XQT FGO 6JTQPXGT\KEJV )TQ JGT\QI (TKGFTKEJU ++ CO 0QXGODGT &KG #WUICDG \QI UKEJ LGFQEJ PQEJ DKU KPU ,CJT JKP FGT NGV\VG )TCXWTCWHVTCI YWTFG CO 5GRVGODGT GTVGKNV &KG /GFCKNNG FGTGP +PJCDGT CWEJ PCEJ FGO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG GKPGP 'JTGPUQNF GTJKGNVGP IGPQ YKG FGT 1TFGP UGJT JQJGU #PUGJGP #O ,WPK UVCTD FGT NGV\VG +PJCDGT FGT 5KNDGTPGP /GFCKNNG (GTFKPCPF -QEJ
20
BAYERN
6
$#;'40 -74(ª456'067/ $+5 70& -¤0+)4'+%*
/KNKV·T /CZ ,QUGRJ 1TFGP )GUVKEMVGT $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT WPF )QNFNCCP IGUVKEMV CP XKGT 5VTCJNGPGPFGP GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIV FKG $GHGUVKIWPIU 5EJNCWHGP HCUV XQNNUV·PFKI GTJCNVGP GTJGDNKEJ IGFWPMGNV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG CNVGU #DFGEMRCRKGT OKV CNVGT JCPFUEJTKHVNKEJGT #PICDG /WPKEJ KP 6KPVG $9- XCT )- -$ 1'- XCT ++ 'ZGORNCT CWU GKPGT CNVGP DGFGWVGPFGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2TKXCVUCOONWPI 'KPYCPFHTGKGT 1TKIKPCN $TWUVUVGTP XQP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV FGT NCWV FGP CNVGP #PICDGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG YQJN KO ,CJTG CP GKPGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP /CTUEJCNN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV
7 (1:1)
-ÌPKINKEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQO JN /KEJCGN $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ IGUVKEMVG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT WPF )QNFNCCP 5VKEMGTGK 2CKNNGVVGP 5KNDGTDNGEJ XGTIQNFGV CNNG $GHGUVKIWPIU 5EJNCWHGP XQTJCPFGP TÒEMUGKVKI #DFGEMRCRKGT $9- XCT )- -$ 1'- XCT 44 ++ 7PIGVTCIGPGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT YGPP CWEJ GVYCU IGFWPMGNVGT 'TJCNVWPI &GT WTURTÒPINKEJ XQP ,QUGRJ %NGOGPU XQP $C[GTP -WTHÒTUV WPF 'T\DKUEJQH XQP -ÌNP IGUVKHVGVG /KEJCGNU 1TFGP YWTFG WPF UEJNKGNKEJ PCEJ WPF PCEJ KP FGP FTGKMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ 4KVVGT 'JTGPTKVVGT 4KVVGT *CWU 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP /KEJCGN WOIGHQTOV &KGUGP YCPFGNVG UEJNKGNKEJ -ÌPKI .WFYKI + CO ,CPWCT KP FGP FTGKMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ -QOVWT 4KVVGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQO JN /KEJCGN WO YWTFGP CNU PGWG -NCUUG FKG )TQMQOVWTG GKPIGHÒJTV YWTFG FGT 1TFGP PGW QTICPKUKGTV WPF WOHCVG PWPOGJT )TQMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV WPF QJPG 5VGTP -NCUUG OKV -TQPG 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ WPF 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG MCOGP FKG $TQP\GPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG WPF FKG -NCUUG QJPG -TQPG WPF FCU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV -TQPG JKP\W /KV FGT #DFCPMWPI -ÌPKI .WFYKIU +++ KO 0QXGODGT YWTFGP FKG 8GTNGKJWPIGP GKPIGUVGNNV 8IN CWEJ 6TQUV .WFYKI &KG )GUEJKEJVG FGU 5V /KEJCGNU 1TFGPU KP $C[GTP WPF FGT 5V /KEJCGNU $TWFGTUEJCHV UGKV FGO ,CJTG DKU CWH FKG )GIGPYCTV /ÒPEJGP WPF .GKR\KI
21
BAYERN
9 (1:1) 8 (1:1)
10 (1:1)
-ÌPKINKEJGT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT #WHNCIGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV FKGUG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OKV HÒPH CDIGTWPFGVGP /WVVGTP DGHGUVKIV I CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ,CEQD .GUGT KP 5VTCWDKPI CP 0CFGN FKGUG KPPGP OKV -CUVGPRWP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT $9- )- -$ 1'- ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GKPGT 5EJYGTVGTMNKPIG *GTUVGNNGT WPF )QNFCPICDG )'$ * FGT (KTOC )GDTÒFGT *GOOGTNG HÒT GT )QNF CO CNVGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV $9- )- -$ 1'- + ++ 'KP YGKVGTGU -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU KP GKPGT (GTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC )GDTÒFGT *GOOGTNG OKV \WIGJÌTKIGT 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP RTGWKUEJGP )GPGTCNOCLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM DKGVGP YKT +JPGP WPVGT -CV 0T WPF CP
-ÌPKINKEJGT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP \YGKVG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV (NCOOGP \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP YQJN #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC ,CEQD .GUGT KP 5VTCWDKPI )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT KP GKPGT -TGW\CTOURKV\G CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP UKNDGTHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJ WPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC .GUGT $9- )- -$ 1'- 4 ++
22
BRAUNSCHWEIG
12
11
-ÌPKINKEJGT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC ,CEQD .GUGT KP 5VTCWDKPI 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQP )QNF CNNG #TOG PCEJGOCKNNKGTV =TGGPCOGNNGF? KP FGT #ITCHHG GT 5KNDGTRWP\G WPF *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G , . FGT (KTOC .GUGT KO 4KPI 5KNDGTRWP\G CO UR·VGTGP UEJOCNGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- )- -$ 1'- +++ 'TKPPGTWPIU\GKEJGP HÒT XGTFKGPUVNKEJG .GKUVWPIGP KO -TKGIULCJT HÒT <KXKN·T\VG /KPKCVWTCD\GK- EJGP Z OO CP 0CFGN ++ 'KPGP YGKVGTGP $C[TKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T KO 0CEJNCUU 9KNNKCO $CNEM
13 1:1
$4#705%*9'+) *'4<1)67/ $+5
*GT\QINKEJ $TCWPUEJYGKIKUEJGT 1TFGP *GKPTKEJU FGU .ÌYGP -TGW\ -NCUUG Z OO 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I KO 6TCIGUGIOGPV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC *GTOCPP ,ÒTIGPU *CNDOQPF -TQPG WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF $9- )- -$ 1'- ++ 'ZGORNCT CWU GKPGT CNVGP DGFGWVGPFGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2TKXCVUCOONWPI 'U YGKUV DGK IGPCWGT 7PVGTUWEJWPI MGKPGTNGK ªDGTGKPUVKOOWPI OKV FGP UCVVUCO DGMCPPVGP UGKV FGP GT ,CJTGP KO /CTMV MWTUKGTGPFGP (·NUEJWPIGP \WO 5EJC FGP FGT 5COONGT CWH
.CWV 4GEMGYGNN KP 49 5 YWTFGP CD DKU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG CNNG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU XQP FGT (KTOC *GTOCPP ,ÒTIGPU IGNKGHGTV FGT UKG KP *CPCW HGTVKIGP NKG .CWV UGKPGP #PICDGP 5 YWTFGP \YKUEJGP FGO /CK WPF PWT -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP
23
HANNOVER
14 (1:1)
*GT\QINKEJ $TCWPUEJYGKIKUEJGT 1TFGP *GKPTKEJU FGU .ÌYGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ + -NCUUG 5KNDGT #WHNCIGP )QNF FKG )QNFCWHNCIGP FGT /QPQITCOOG UGRCTCV XGTUVKHVGV VGKNYGKUG GOCKNNKGTV CP &QRRGNPCFGN $9- )-. -$ 1'- ++ #WHITWPF FGT &QRRGNPCFGN FÒTHVG GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG HTÒJG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC .GOOG \YKUEJGP WPF QFGT FGT (KTOC -CWUEJG \YKUEJGP WPF JCPFGNP YQDGK NCWV 4GEMGYGNN KP 49 5 XQP .GOOG KPUIGUCOV PWT 'ZGORNCTG WPF XQP -CWUEJG PWT JGTIGUVGNNV YQTFGP UKPF
15 (1:1)
*#0018'4 -74(ª456'067/ $+5 70& -¤0+)4'+%*
5V )GQTIU 1TFGP $TWUVUVGTP &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV /GFCKNNQP VNY )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CP GEJV IQNFGPGT 0CFGN $9- )- XCT -$ XCT 1'- ++ 5GJT HGKPG #TDGKV CWU FGT /KVVG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU +O 2TKP\KR UVKOOV FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT KO 9GUGPVNKEJGP KP CNNGP &GVCKNU DKU CWH FKG DGKFGP /GFCKNNQPTKPIG OKV GKPGO DGK -NGPCW )- 0T WPF -NKPIDGKN 6JKGU -$ 0T CDIGDKNFGVGP 'ZGORNCT ÒDGTGKP
24
HOHENZOLLERN
16
-ÌPKINKEJGT *CPPQXGTUEJGT )WGNRJGP 1TFGP =4Q[CN *CPQXGTKCP )WGNRJKE 1TFGT? )GUVKEMVGT $TWUV- UVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP =-PKIJV %QOOCPFGT - % * ? #WUHÒJTWPI XQP DKU 5KNDGTNCCP WPF 2CKNNGVVGP 5GKFGPHCFGP IGUVKEMV /GFCKNNQPHGNF GOCKNNKGTV OKV HGKPUVGT 'OCKNNG- OCNGTGK CP GKPKIGP 5VGNNGP NGKEJVG $GUEJ·FKIWPIGP FKG -WIGNP CP FGP -TGW\CTOURKV\GP CDIGMPKEMV FKG $GHGUVKIWPIU 5EJNCWHGP OGKUV XQTJCPFGP FCU QTKIKPCNG #DFGEMRCRKGT OKV CNVGTUDGFKPIVGP (GJNUVGNNGP $9- /; 1'- XCT +++
0KOOGTIWV DKNFGV KP 0+ 5 0T GKPGP 5VGTP KP PCJG\W KFGPVKUEJGT (GTVKIWPI LGFQEJ DGUUGTGT 'TJCNVWPI CD
18
19
17
(4'+' *#05'56 &6' )'/'+05#/
*CPUGCVGPMTGW\ -QPXQNWV FGU $TGOGT *CODWTIGT WPF .ÒDGEMGT *CPUGCVGPMTGW\GU XGTUKNDGTV GKPGU VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CP UEJOCNGP CNVGP $·PFGTP GKPGU HNGEMKI $9- 1'- ++
'KPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO *CODWTIGT *CPUGCVGPMTGW\ HÒT FGP RTGWKUEJGP )GPGTCNOCLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM DKGVGP YKT +JPGP WPVGT -CV 0T CP
(ª456'06ª/'4 $+5 *1*'0<1..'40 *'%*+0)'0 70& *1*'0<1..'40 5+)/#4+0)'0 70& (ª456.+%*' (#/+.+' 810 *1*'0<1..'40 5+)/#4+0)'0 5'+6 D\Y
(ÒTUVNKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP 0KEJV RTQDGO·KIG #PHGTVKIWPI =HCMG? GKPGU 'JTGPMQOVWT- MTGW\GU OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF ++
(ÒTUVNKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP /QFGNN UGKV )QNFGPG 'JTGPOGFCKNNG OKV 5EJYGT- VGTP #WUICDG OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN #WUHÒJTWPI OKV 5EJPÌTMGNP KO 9CRRGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VTCIGDGFKPIV VNY XGTICPIGP CO CWHIGVTGPPVGP $QIGPDCPF $9- -$ 1'- 4 ++ +++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (·NUEJWPI \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT
#WHITWPF FGU 7OUVCPFGU FC FKG 8GTIQNFWPI FKGUGU 'ZGORNCTU PWT PQEJ VNY XQTJCPFGP WPF KPUDGUQPFGTG CWH FGP GTJCDGPGP 5VGNNGP DGTKGDGP KUV MCPP FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT CNU QTKIKPCN WPF \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJ CPIGUGJGP YGTFGP GU UKEJ JKGTDGK PKEJV WO GKPG UR·VGT PCEJXGTIQNFGVG 8GTH·NUEJWPI GKPGT 5KNDGTPGP /GFCKNNG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP JCPFGNV .CWV .KPM WPF )CWIIGN KP .0- 5 KUV FKGUG /GFCKNNG WPVGT (ÒTUV 9KNJGNO XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI PWT OCN OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YGKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIGP UKPF PKEJV GTHQNIV &CU HQNIGPFG /KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP UVCOOV XQP FGOUGNDGP 6T·IGT
25
LIPPE
20
21
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP GKPGU YQJN JQJGP\QNNGTPUEJGP 7PVGTQHHK\KGTU WPF 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNV- MTKGIU OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 2TGWGP /KPKCVWT FGU '- ++ *QJGP- \QNNGTP (ÒTUVNKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP /KPKCVWT FGT )QNFGPGP 'JTGPOGFCKNNG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #WUICDG OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN XGTIQNFGV 5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI /KPKCVWT FGT 6CRHGTMGKVUOGFCKNNG $TQP\G 2TGWGP &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI /QFGNN /KPKCVWT FGU -TGW\GU -NCUUG HÒT :8 &KGPUVLCJTG XGTIQNFGV &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G FGU -[HHJ·WUGT $WPFGU OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XGTIQNFGV 5VÒEM ++
&KG XQTJGTIGJGPFG )QNFGPG 'JTGPOGFCKNNG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP UVCOOV XQP FGOUGNDGP 6T·IGT
(ÒTUVNKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP /QFGNN UGKV 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #WUICDG OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN #WUHÒJTWPI OKV 5EJPÌTMGNP KO 9CRRGP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV QJPG $CPF $9- -$ 1'- ++ 'KP 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG FGU (ÒTUVNKEJGP *CWUQTFGPU DGHKPFGV UKEJ CP GKPGT ITQGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG FKG YKT WPVGT -CV 0T CPDKGVGP &KG \WIGJÌTKIG /KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG KUV WPVGT -CV 0T \W HKPFGP
22
.+22' &'6/1.& (ª456'067/ $+5
(ÒTUVNKEJ .KRRKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO . CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP D\Y 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC % ( <KOOGTOCPP KP 2HQT\JGKO CD Z OO .·PIG FGT 5EJYGTVGT WPF OO &KEMG OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I KO (GNF FGU 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQPU OGJTGTG 'OCKNNGEJKRU QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF $9- 1'- -$ 5- D 44 ++ 'ZGORNCT CWU GKPGT CNVGP DGFGWVGPFGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2TKXCVUCOONWPI &CU 'ZGORNCT YGKUV DGK IGPCWGT 7PVGTUWEJWPI MGKPGTNGK ªDGTGKPUVKOOWPI OKV FGP UCVVUCO DGMCPPVGP UGKV FGP GT ,CJTGP KO /CTMV MWTUKGTGPFGP (·NUEJWPIGP \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT CWH 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WPUGTGT /GKPWPI PCEJ VCVU·EJNKEJ WO GKP WTURTÒPINKEJ CNU )TQMTGW\ IGVTCIGPGU 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG CWU FGT #PHGTVKIWPI FGT 2HQT\JGKOGT (KTOC % ( <KOOGTOCPP CD +PUDGUQPFGTG YGKUV FKG 4QUG KO /GFCKNNQP FKGUGNDGP IGUVCNVGTKUEJGP WPF XGTCTDGKVWPIUVGEJPKUEJGP &GVCKNU YKG FKGLGPKIG FGU KP FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGPGP \WIGJÌTKIGP $TWUVUVGTPU CWH .CWV 5EJYCTM KP 5- 5 KUV FCU )TQMTGW\ KP FKGUGT #PHGTVKIWPI PWT FTGKOCN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP WPF \YCT CO CP -ÌPKI .WFYKI +++ XQP $C[GTP CO CP -TQPRTKP\ 4WRRTGEJV XQP $C[GTP WPF CO CP -CKUGT -CTN + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ -ÌPKI XQP 7PICTP &C UKEJ FKG +PUKIPKGP FGT DGKFGP 9KVVGNUDCEJGT PQEJ KO $GUKV\ FGT (COKNKG DGHKPFGP FKG +PUKIPKGP -CKUGT -CTNU LGFQEJ UGKV FGP GT ,CJTGP XGTUEJQNNGP UKPF KUV FCXQP CWU\WIGJGP FC GU UKEJ JKGTDGK VCVU·EJNKEJ WO FCU CP FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -CKUGT \WUCOOGP OKV FGO KP FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGPGP $TWUVUVGTP XGTNKGJGPGP -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ FGU *CWUQTFGPU JCPFGNP FÒTHVG &CU 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG CNUQ QJPG $TWUVUVGTP OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KUV KP UGKPGP FTGK #WUHÒJTWPIGP XQP $ÒUEJ )QFGV WPF <KOOGTOCPP OCN KO <GKVTCWO XQP DKU XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP
26
SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE
23
23 (1:1)
(ÒTUVNKEJ .KRRKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO . CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC % ( <KOOGTOCPP KP 2HQT\JGKO CD Z OO .·PIG FGT 5EJYGTVGT WPF OO 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I OKP QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGEJKRU KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI FKG 5EJYGTVGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FWTEJ XKGT HÒT FKG (KTOC <KOOGTOCPP V[RKUEJGP *QJNPKGVGP DGHGUVKIV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV -CUVGPRWP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT $9- 5- D 1'- 4444 ++ 'ZGORNCT CWU GKPGT CNVGP DGFGWVGPFGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2TKXCVUCOONWPI
<WIGJÌTKI \WT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT <WT OÌINKEJGP 2TQXGPKGP\ UKGJG DKVVG FKG FQTVKIGP #POGTMWPIGP
'KPG .KRRG UEJG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T KO 0CEJNCUU 9KNNKCO $CNEM
24 (1:1)
5%*#7/$74) .+22' (ª456'067/ $+5
(ÒTUVNKEJ 5EJCWODWTI .KRRKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP -TGW\ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV YGKGP *KPVGTITWPF FGU /GFCKNNQPU #PHGTVKIWPI FGU ,WYGNKGTU $ÒUEJ KP *CPPQXGT )QNF VNY \KUGNKGTV VNY ITCXKGTV GOCKN- NKGTV /GFCKNNQPHGNF #WHNCIG VNY 5KNDGT I OKP #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGT 4QUGPDNÒVG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OKP XGTUEJOWV\V QJPG *CNUDCPF $9- -$ 1'- ++
27
OLDENBURG
25
27 (1:1) 26
/'%-.'0$74) 5%*9'4+0 *'4<1)67/ $+5 70& )4155*'4<1)67/
'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ \WT 'KPJWPFGTVHÒPHWPF\YCP\KI ,CJTHGKGT FGU )TQJGT\QINKEJ /GEMNGPDWTIKUEJGP (ÒUKNKGT 4GIKOGPVU 0T -CKUGT 9KNJGNO KO ,CJTG 8GTUKNDGTV CWHIGNGIV CWH $CPFURCPIG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC &GUEJNGT 5QJP KP /ÒPEJGP CP 0CFGN 4 ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG \WT 'KPJWPFGTV ,CJTHGKGT FGU )TQJGT\QINKEJ /GEMNGPDWTIKUEJGP (GNFCTVKNNG- TKG 4GIKOGPVU 0T KO ,CJTG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP $CPFUEJNGKHG 75 ++
0#55#7 75+0)'0 (ª456'067/ 70& *'4<1)67/ 0#55#7
/KNKV·T WPF %KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP #FQNRJU XQP 0CUUCW 4KVVGTMTGW\ Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I QJPG $CPF $9- -$ 1'- ++
'KPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP FGU /KNKV·T WPF %KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU #FQNRJU XQP 0CUUCW HÒT FGP RTGWKUEJGP *CWRVOCPP 9KNNKCO $CNEM DKGVGP YKT +JPGP WPVGT -CV 0T CP
30 28 33
31 (1:1)
1.&'0$74) *'4<1)67/ $+5 70& )4155*'4<1)67/
(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV -TGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG -TKGIUOGVCNN NCEMKGTV CP 0CFGN $9- 1'- ++
-TKGIUXGTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V -QTTQUKQPUURWTGP QJPG $CPF $9- 1'- ++ +++
&KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI /QFGNN -NCUUG 5EJPCNNG HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG CWH 5RCPIG OKV 0CFGN CWHIGNGIV QJPG $CPF $9- 1'- ++
&KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT FKG )GPFCTOGTKG /QFGNN -NCUUG /GFCKNNG HÒT +: &KGPUV- LCJTG XGTUKNDGTV QJPG $CPF $9- 1'- ++
#WU\GKEJPWPIU WPF &QMWOGPVGP 0CEJNC FGU )GHTGKVGP WPF 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU 'OKN )TWDG 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG CO $CPF OKV XQTN·WHKIGO $GUKV\\GWIPKU FCVKGTV 1NFGPDWTI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V CO $TWUVDCPF HÒT -·ORHGT OKV XQTN·WHKIGO $GUKV\\GWIPKU FCVKGTV &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT 'KUGP DTQP\KGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 4 8 2(14<*'+/ OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV \WUCOOGP OKV /KNKV·TRC WPF 8QTOWPFUEJCHVUWTMWPFG &KG &QMWOGPVG GKP QFGT OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV 5VÒEM ++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGU #OVUCD\GKEJGP OKV FGO 9CRRGP FGT .CPFGUMQNNGIKGP FGU *GT\QIVWOU 1NFGP- DWTI Z OO XGTUKNDGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FTGK /GVCNNÌUGP \WT $GHGUVKIWPI 44 ++
28
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
-¤0+)4'+%* 24'755'0 &'4 0#%*.#55 &'5 )'0'4#..'760#065 9+..+#/ $#.%- 9KT HTGWGP WPU +JPGP KO (QNIGPFGP 0TP FGP #WU \GKEJPWPIU WPF 7TMWPFGP 6GKN 0CEJNCUU FGU KP 1UPCDTÒEM IGDQTGPGP RTGWUUKUEJGP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPVU 9KNNKCO $CNEM CP DKGVGP \W MÌPPGP &GP 0CEJNCUU UGKPGU 5QJPGU *GTOCPP $CNEM
)GPGTCN FGT 2CP\GTVTWRRG WPF $TKNNCPVGPVT·IGT HKPFGP 5KG CD FGT .QUPWOOGT
&KG CPIGDQVGPGP 5VÒEMG FGU 0CEJNCUUGU UVCOOGP CNNG FKTGMV CWU FGT (COKNKG FGU 6T·IGTU WPF YWTFGP PKEJV CPFGTYGKVKI GTI·P\V
-QPTCF (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV *GPT[ 9KNNKCO $CNEM YWTFG CO 1MVQDGT KP 1UPCDTÒEM FCOCNU FGO -ÌPKITGKEJ *CPPQXGT \WIGJÌTKI CNU 5QJP FGU DTKVKUEJGP *CWRVOCPPU WPF $TGXGV 1DGTUVNGWVPCPVU C & )GQTIG $CNEM WPF FGUUGP 'JGHTCW %JCTNQVVG IGD .ÒVIGP IGUV IGDQTGP
0CEJ UGKPGT -CFGVVGP\GKV KP 2NÌP WPF $GTNKP YWTFG GT 2QTVGRGGH·JPTKEJ KO +++ $CVCKNNQP FGU 1UVHTKGUKUEJGP +PH 4IVU *GT\QI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI 0T KP 1UPCDTÒEM
&KG YGKVGTGP 5EJTKVVG UGKPGT OKNKV·TKUEJGP -CTTKGTG 5GEQPF.KGWVGPCPV 2TGOKGT .KGWVGPCPV XQP DKU 5VWFKWO CP FGT -TKGIUCMCFGOKG *CWRVOCPP WPF -QO RCPKGEJGH .GJTGT CP FGT -TKGIUUEJWNG KP &CP\KI WPF KP 'PIGTU -QORCPKGEJGH KO 9GUVH·NKUEJGP +PH 4IV 8QIGN XQP (CNEMGPUVGKP 0T /CLQT KO )TQGP )GPGTCNUVCD -QOOCPFGWT FGU ++ $CVCKNNQPU FGU 2QUGP UEJGP +PH 4IVU XQP %QWDK½TG 0T 1DGTUVNGWVPCPV 5VCD FGU 0KGFGTUEJNGUKUEJGP +PH 4IVU )TCH -KTEJDCEJ 0T 1DGTUV WPF -QOOCPFGWT FGU KO 2QOOGTUEJGP +PH 4IVU XQP FGT /CTYKV\ 0T )GPGTCNOCLQT WPF -QOOCPFGWT FGT +PHCPVGTKG DTKICFG +PURGMVGWT FGT (GNFVGNGITCRJKG FCPP $TKICFGMQOOCPFGWT DGK FGT 4GUGTXGFKXKUKQP -QOOCPFGWT FGT .CPFYGJTFKXKUKQP -QOOCPFGWT FGT 4GUGTXGFKXKUKQP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV )QWXGTPGWT FGT DCNVKUEJGP JGWVG GUVPKUEJGP +PUGNP ¤UGN JGWVG 5CCTGOCC /QQP JGWVG /WJW WPF &CIÌ JGWVG *KKWOCC KP FGT 1UVUGG #WIWUV 2GPUKQPKGTWPI WPVGT XQTN·WHKIGT $GNCUUWPI KO #OV CNU )QWXGTPGWT
9·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU JCV $CNEM W C CO (GNF\WI KP 2QNGP YQDGK GT UEJYGT XGTYWPFGV YWTFG CP FGP -·ORHGP KP .QVJTKPIGP CP FGT 5QOOG WPF KP FGT %JCORCIPG WPF XQT 8GTFWP VGKNIGPQOOGP
/KV UGKPGT (TCW /CVJKNFG IGD ,GPUGP 'JGUEJNKGWPI JCVVG GT \YGK -KPFGT )GQTI 1VVQ *GTOCPP FGT KO <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI )GPGTCN FGT 2CP\GTVTWRRG IGYQTFGP KUV WPF (TKGFC IGD
29
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
9·JTGPF UGKPGT NCPIGP OKNKV·TKUEJGP -CTTKGTG JCV 9KNNKCO $CNEM \CJNTGKEJG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP FKG CWEJ CWH UGKPGO 1TFGPUMKUUGP XQT FGO CWHIGDCTVGVGP 5CTI FGWVNKEJ \W GTMGPPGP UKPF +O (QNIGPFGP JCDGP YKT FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUJKUVQTKG 9KNNK CO $CNEMU OKV FGP DGK WPU CPIGDQVGPGP .QUPWOOGTP KP 8GTDKPFWPI IGUGV\V
8GTNGKJWPIUFCVWO (GDTWCT
#WU\GKEJPWPI
5KGJG .QUPWOOGT
<GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG .WZGODWTI ņ 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP FGU /KNKV·T WPF %KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU #FQNRJU XQP 0CUUCW 2TGWGP ņ 4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG 2TGWGP ņ &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT 1HHK\KGTG 4WO·PKGP ņ -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ FGU 1TFGPU -TQPG 4WO·PKGPU )TQDTKVCPPKGP ņ 'JTGPOKVINKGF -NCUUG FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP 8KMVQTKC 1TFGPU 2TGWGP ņ -ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP -NCUUG )TQDTKVCPPKGP ņ 'JTGP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP 8KMVQTKC 1TFGPU )TKGEJGPNCPF ņ -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP 'TNÌUGTQTFGPU 2TGWGP ņ 4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV FGT 5EJNGKHG 2TGWGP ņ 4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD 2TGWGP ņ 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG $C[GTP ņ /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 9ÒTVVGODGTI ņ -QOVWTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP FGU 1TFGPU FGT 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGP -TQPG 5CEJUGP ņ -QOVWTMTGW\ -NCUUG FGU #NDTGEJVUQTFGPU OKV 5EJYGTVGTP .KRRG ņ -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ *CODWTI ņ *CPUGCVGPMTGW\ 5EJYCT\DWTI 5QPFGTUJCWUGP ņ (ÒTUVNKEJ 5EJYCT\DWTIKUEJGU 'JTGPMTGW\ + -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 2TGWGP ņ 5EJYGTVGT \WO 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD 2TGWGP ņ -ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP ++ -NCUUG OKV FGO 5VGTP WPF 5EJYGTVGTP 9CNFGEM ņ (ÒTUVNKEJ 9CNFGEMʼnUEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 2TGWGP ņ 1TFGP RQWT NG O¾TKVGŌ .ÒDGEM ņ *CPUGCVGPMTGW\ 2TGWGP ņ 5VGTP \WO 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD WPF 5EJYGTVGTP &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ ņ #D\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTYWPFGVG KP 5EJYCT\
ņ WPF WPF WPF WPF WPF
WPF WPF WPF WPF WPF ņ WPF
$CNEM YCT CWEJ CNU /KNKV·TUEJTKHVUVGNNGT V·VKI WPF JCV \CJNTGKEJG #TVKMGN KO /KNKV·T 9QEJGPDNCVV KO &GWVUEJGP 1HHK\KGTUDNCVV WPF KP 6CIGU\GKVWPIGP UQYKG GKPG 4GKJG XQP OKNKV·TKUEJGP 2WDNKMCVKQPGP XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV #O ,WNK KUV GT KP #WTKEJ IGUVQTDGP
8IN CWEJ #WVGPITWDGT /KEJCGN WPF (GFGT -NCWU * \WNGV\V FCU 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP )GPGTCN NGWVPCPV 9KNNKCO $CNEM KO 5RKGNIGN UGKPGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP +P /KNKVCTKC ,CJTICPI *GHV 5GRVGODGT 1MVQDGT
30
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
34 (1:1)
35
-¤0+)4'+%* 24'755'0
1TFGP RQWT NG O¾TKVG 1TFGPUMTGW\ Z OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPFTKPI CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOGU 4KV\OCTMG 9 FGT (KTOC 9CIPGT KP $GTNKP KP FGT ¤UG 5KNDGTRWP\G MNGKPG 'OCKNNGCDURNKVVGTWPIGP CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP WPF TGEJVGP -TGW\CTOU QJPG $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\GP PKEJV OGJT RGTHGMV UEJNKGGPFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $9- XCT -$ # XCT 1'- ++ +++ ++ +O <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV UGKPGT $GHÌTFGTWPI \WO )QWXGTPGWT XQP ¤UGN /QQP WPF &CIÌ CO /·T\ YWTFG GT XQP )GPGTCNQDGTUV -CTN XQP 'KPGO OKV HQNIGPFGO 8GTNGKJWPIUXQTUEJNCI HÒT FGP 2QWT NG O¾TKVG GKPIGTGKEJV
)GP .V $CNEM JCV UKEJ CNU -FT FGT 4 & IN·P\GPF DGY·JTV 2GTUÌPNKEJ GKP 8QTDKNF CP 6CRHGTMGKV WPF 7PGT UEJTQEMGPJGKV JCV GT GU XGTUVCPFGP UGKPG 6TWRRGP OKV HQTV\WTGKGP WPF UKG UQ YGKV \W DTKPIGP FC FKG &KXKUKQP CNU #PITKHHUFKXKUKQP XGTYGPFGV YGTFGP UQNN ņ &KG &KXKUKQP JCV UEJYGT WPF JCTV IGM·ORHV OKV ITQGO 'THQNI WPF KP FGT 9GUV WPF 1UV %JCORCIPG WPF XQT 8GTFWP YQ UKG FKG *ÌJG KO 5VWTO PCJO ªDGTCNN YGTFGP FKG (ÒJTWPI FGU )GPGTCNU WPF FKG .GKUVWPIGP FGT 6TWRRG IGTÒJOV $GUQPFGTU JCV FGT 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT #TOGG FGP )GP .V $CNEM YGIGP UGKPGT WOUKEJVKIGP WPF VCFGNNQUGP (ÒJTWPI IGNQDV <WNGV\V PQEJ KP FGP -·ORHGP WO FKG 9GV VGTGEMG JCV FKG &KXKUKQP GTPGWVGP 4WJO GTYQTDGP WPF FKG IWVG #WUDKNFWPI IG\GKIV ņ &C )GP .V $CNEM LGV\V GKPG 8GTYGPFWPI CNU )QWXGTPGWT KO DGUGV\VGP )GDKGV HKPFGP UQNN JCNVG KEJ FKG <GKV HÒT IGMQOOGP HÒT FGP DGY·JT VGP 1HHK\KGT WPF IWVGP 6TWRRGPHÒJTGT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 1TFGPU 2QWT NG O¾TKVG \W GTDKVVGP
0CEJFGO -TQPRTKP\ 9KNJGNO FGP #PVTCI DGHÒTYQTVGV JCVVG XGTNKGJ -CKUGT 9KNJGNO ++ OKV #NNIGOGKPGT -CDKPGVVU 1TFTG XQO /·T\ FGP 1TFGP RQWT NG O¾TKVG CP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV 9KNNKCO $CNEM
/2/ 5 H
&KG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG YKTF WPVGT FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
-ÌPKITGKEJ 2TGWGP 1TFGP RQWT NG O¾TKVG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1TFGPUMTGW\ HÒT )GPGTCNNGWV- PCPV 9KNNKCO $CNEM )QWXGTPGWT FGT +PUGNP ¤UGN &CIÌ WPF /QQP &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV )TQGU *CWRV- SWCTVKGT /·T\ OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV 9KNJGNOU ++ FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV WPF KP QDGTGP 6GKN GVYCU \GTMPKVVGTV &C\W GKP #PUEJTGKDGP DGVTGHHU FGT ªDGTUGPFWPI GKPGU 0CVKQPCNHQTOWNCTU FCVKGTV FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV ++ &CU \WIGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUMTGW\ YKTF WPVGT FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
31
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
36 (1:1)
37
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ÒUVGV YWTFG
&KG \WIGJÌTKIG -CDKPGVVUQTFTG ÒDGT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI WPF FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG YGTFGP WPVGT FGP DGKFGP HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGTP CPIGDQVGP
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP -CDKPGVVUQTFTG DGVTGHHGPF FKG #PPCJOG FGU #DUEJKGFUIGUWEJGU )GPGTCNNGWVPCPVU $CNEM )QWXGTPGWTU FGT +PUGNP ¤UGN /QQP WPF &CIÌ WPF 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 5VGTPU \WO 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD WPF 5EJYGTVGTP &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV )TQGU *CWRVSWCTVKGT CO #WIWUV OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV 9KNJGNOU ++ FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV ++ &GT \WIGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUUVGTP YKTF WPVGT FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG WPVGT FGT HQNIGPFGP
32
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
39 (1:1)
38
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 5VGTP \WO 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD WPF 5EJYGTVGTP HÒT )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV \ & 9KNNKCO $CNEM KO (TKGFGP +PURGMVGWT FGT (GNFVGNGITCRJKG MGKP &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO #WIWUV OKV &TWEMUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -CPKV\ FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV OKP 'KPTKUUG ++
&GT \WIGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUUVGTP WPF FKG \WIGJÌTKIG -CDKPGVVUQTFTG YGTFGP WPVGT FGP DGKFGP XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI PWOOGTP CPIGDQVGP
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV \KGIGNTQVGO #FNGT -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD WPF 5EJYGTVGTP I -TGW\ WPF 'KEJGPNCWD )QNF GOCKNNKGTV FKG GKPIGUEJTCWDVGP 5EJYGTVGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOGU 4KV\OCTMG 9 FGT (KTOC 9CIPGT KP $GTNKP \WUCOOGP OKV \YGK PKEJV MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVVGP KO QTKIKPCNGP TQVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK HÒT FCU -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD QJPG 5EJYGTVGT $9- -$ XCT 1'- ++ &KG 5EJYGTVGT \WO DGTGKVU UGKV FGO /CK KPPGJCDGPFGP -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD UKPF )GPGTCNOCLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM CO 0QXGODGT XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP +PVGTGUUCPV KUV FC JKGT\W YQJN UGKP GKIGPGU -TGW\ KP )QNF OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CWHIGTÒUVGV YWTFG
33
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
40
41
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \W FGP 5EJYGTVGTP \WO 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD HÒT )GPGTCNOCLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM -QOOCPFGWT FGT 4GUGTXGFKXKUKQP &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO 0QXGODGT OKV &TWEMUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -CPKV\ FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV ++
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD HÒT )GPGTCNOCLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM -QOOCPFGWT FGT +PHCPVGTKGDTKICFG &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO /CK OKV &TWEMUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -CPKV\ FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV GKP OKP 'KPTK ++
&CU \WIGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUMTGW\ YKTF WPVGT FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
&CU \WIGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUMTGW\ OKV FGP CO 0QXGODGT JKP\WXGTNKGJGPGP 5EJYGTVGTP YKTF WPVGT FGT XQTXQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FKG 5EJYGTVGT WPVGT FGT XQTJGT IGJGPFGP
42
34
43
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV FGT 5EJNGKHG HÒT 1DGTUV 9KNNKCO $CNEM -QOOCPFGWT FGU 2QOOGTUEJGP +PHCPVGTKGTGIKOGPVU XQP FGT /CTYKV\ 0T &QRRGN DNCVV FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO ,CPWCT OKV &TWEMUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V <WUCOOGP OKV FGO ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FCVKGTV CO (GDTWCT ++
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGP -NCUUG HÒT *CWRVOCPP 9KNNKCO $CNEM KO 9GUVH·NKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPV 8QIGN XQP (CNEMGPUVGKP 0T DKUJGT ¯ NC UWKVG FGU 1UVHTKGUKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPVU *GT\QI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI 0T WPF .GJTGT DGK FGT -TKGIUUEJWNG KP 'PIGTU &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO ,WPK OKV &TWEMUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV ++
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
44 (1:1)
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV \KGIGNTQVGO #FNGT -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV FGT -TQPG 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU 4KV\OCTMG 9 FGT (KTOC 9CIPGT KP $GTNKP QJPG $CPF $9- -$ 1'- ++
&KGUGU 1TFGPUMTGW\ UVCOOV CWU FGO 0CEJNC XQP 9KNNKCO $CNEM YQDGK CNNGTFKPIU DKUJGT MGKPG 'XKFGP\ IGHWPFGP YGTFGP MQPPVG QD $CNEM FKG -NCUUG OKV -TQPG XGTNKGJGP D\Y FKG -TQPG \WT UGKV FGO ,WNK KPPGJCDGPFGP -NCUUG FGU 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGPU JKP\WXGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP JCV 'U KUV CWEJ PKEJV CWH UGKPGO 1TFGPUMKUUGP \W UGJGP
45 (1:1)
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV ITQGT RTGWKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG KO #XGTUOGFCKNNQP $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGTMQTRWU /GFCKNNQP )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV 5EJYGTVGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV I WPVGTJCND FGU 0CFGNJCMGPU 4KV\OCTMG 9 FGT (KTOC 9CIPGT KP $GTNKP CP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGVGT 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\GP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO 9KNJGNOU ++ $9- -$ 1'- + ++ &GP -ÌPKINKEJGP -TQPGP 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV FGO 5VGTP WPF 5EJYGTVGTP JCV )GPGTCNOCLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM CO (GDTWCT MWT\ XQT UGKPGT $GHÌTFGTWPI \WO )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV CO /·T\ XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP +PVGTGUUCPV KUV FC JKGT\W GKP -TGW\ KP )QNF OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CWHIGTÒUVGV YWTFG
&KG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG YKTF WPVGT FGT -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
35
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
46 (1:1)
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV ITQGT RTGWKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG KO #XGTUOGFCKNNQP -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP -TGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV FKG VGKNU GKPIGUEJTCWDVGP VGKNU CPIGNÌVGVGP TGRCTKGTVGP! 5EJYGTVGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV I CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOGU 4KV\OCTMG 9 FGT (KTOC 9CIPGT KP $GTNKP \WUCOOGP OKV PKEJV MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP QTKIKPCNGP *CNU DCPFCDUEJPKVV KO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\GP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK HÒT GKP -TGW\ QJPG 5EJYGTVGT OKV IQNF HCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO 9KNJGNOU ++ $9- -$ 1'- ++ &GP -ÌPKINKEJGP -TQPGP 1TFGP -NCUUG OKV FGO 5VGTP WPF 5EJYGTVGTP JCV )GPGTCNOCLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM CO (GDTWCT MWT\ XQT UGKPGT $GHÌTFGTWPI \WO )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV CO /·T\ XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP +PVGTGU UCPV KUV FC JKGT\W GKP -TGW\ KP )QNF OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CWHIGTÒUVGV YWTFG
&KG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT 8GTNGKJWPI OKV FGO 5VGTP YKTF WPVGT FGT -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
47
48
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG OKV FGO 5VGTP WPF 5EJYGTVGTP HÒT )GPGTCNOCLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM -QOOCPFGWT FGT +PHCPVGTKGFKXKUKQP MGKP &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV $GTNKP (GDTWCT OKV &TWEMUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -CPKV\ IGHCNVGV ++
&KG \WIGJÌTKIGP 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP YGTFGP WPVGT FGP DGKFGP XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGTP CPIGDQVGP
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG HÒT FGP /CLQT KO ITQGP )GPGTCNUVCD 9KNNKCO $CNEM &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO ,CPWCT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV 9KNJGNOU ++ ++ &CU \WIGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUMTGW\ KUV WPVGT FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT \W HKPFGP
36
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
49
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV ITQGT RTGWKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG KO #XGTUOGFCKNNQP -TGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGUEJCFGP CWH #XGTU WPF 4GXGTU FGU QDGTGP -TGW\CTOU ¤UG OKV $CPFTKPI CWUIGDTQEJGP WPF HGJNGPF CWH FGO <[NKPFGT *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC <GJP KP $GTNKP QJPG $CPF $9- -$ 1'- +8
&GP -ÌPKINKEJGP -TQPGP 1TFGP -NCUUG JCV /CLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM CO ,CPWCT XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP &KG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG KUV WPVGT FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT \W HKPFGP
ex 50
51
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG ¤UG OKV $CPFTKPI CDIGDTQEJGP WPF HGJNGPF QJPG $CPF &C\W FGT 8QTN·WHKIG #WUYGKU HÒT FGP )GPGTCNOCLQT WPF %JGH FGT (GNFVGNGITCRJKG $CNEM CWH FGP 0QXGODGT FCVKGTV CO /·T\ OKV &KGPUVUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU )GPGTCNSWCTVKGTOGKUVGTU (TGKJGTT XQP (TG[VCI .QTKPIJQXGP FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV 5VÒEM ++
&KGPUVCWUCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT 1HHK\KGTG $GINCWDKIWPIUUEJGKP FGT 8GTNGKJWPI HÒT FGP /CLQT $CNEM KO ITQGP )GPGTCNUVCD FCVKGTV $GTNKP CO ,WPK OKV &KGPUVUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU )GPGTCNU FGT -CXCNNGTKG WPF )GPGTCNUCFLWVCPVGP FGU -CKUGTU WPF -ÌPKIU )TCH 5EJNKGHHGP %JGH FGU )GPGTCNUVCDGU FGT #TOGG GKPOCN IGHCNVGV ++
#NHTGF )TCH XQP 5EJNKGHHGP YCT )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN %JGH FGU ITQGP )GPGTCNUVCDGU WPF #WVQT FGU UQIGP 5EJNKGHHGP 2NCPGU FGT KO (CNNG GKPGU -TKGIGU XQP GKPGO UEJPGNNGP #PITKHH CWH (TCPMTGKEJ CWUIKPI FGT ÒDGT FGP TGEJVGP (NÒIGN FWTEJ FCU PGWVTCNG $GNIKGP WPF .WZGODWTI IGHÒJTV YGTFGP UQNNVG WO FGO GTYCTVGVGP #PITKHH FGT (TCP\QUGP KP 'NUC .QVJTKPIGP KP FKG (NCPMG \W HCNNGP <KGN YCT GU (TCPMTGKEJU #TOGGP XQP 2CTKU CD\WUEJPGKFGP WPF FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *CWRVUVCFV DKPPGP UGEJU 9QEJGP PCEJ -TKGIUDGIKPP GKP\WPGJOGP YQOKV FGT -TKGI IGIGP (TCPMTGKEJ DGGPFGV UGKP UQNNVG )NGKEJ\GKVKI UQNNVG PWT GKPG #TOGG 1UVRTGWGP XGTVGKFKIGP WPF JKPJCNVGPFGP 9KFGTUVCPF NGKUVGP DKU FKG KO 9GUVGP FWTEJ FGP 5KGI ÒDGT (TCPMTGKEJ HTGKIGYQTFGPGP 6TWRRGP \WT 8GTHÒIWPI UVGJGP &GT CPUEJNKGGPFG #PITKHH CWH 4WNCPF HÒT FGP FWTEJ 'KUGPDCJP 6TCPURQTV CP FKG 1UVHTQPV FKG IGUCOVG 6TWRRGPUV·TMG FGU FGWVUEJGP *GGTGU \WT 8GTHÒIWPI IGUVCPFGP J·VVG UQNNVG FGP \YGKVGP )GIPGT DGUKGIGP
YKMKRGFKC
37
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
52 (1:1)
53
-¤0+)4'+%* $#;'40
-ÌPKINKEJGT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I KP FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU MCWO UKEJVDCTGT 'OCKNNGURTWPI KO $CPFTKPI RWP\KGTV 9% CO MWT\GP MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP UKNDGTHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP GVYCU DGTKGDGPGP 8GTNGKJWPIU GVWK FGT (KTOC )GDTÒFGT *GOOGTNG KP /ÒPEJGP $9- )- -$ 1'- ++
)GPGTCNOCLQT $CNEM %JGH FGT (GNFVGNGITCRJKG JCV FGP 1TFGP CO &G\GODGT XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP +P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT YKTF FKG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
-ÌPKINKEJGT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP HÒT )GPGTCN OCLQT $CNEM %JGH FGT (GNFVGNGITCRJKG &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV /ÒPEJGP CO &G\GODGT OKV IGFTWEMVGO 5KGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV GKPOCN IGHCNVGV ++ &CU \WIGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUMTGW\ KUV WPVGT FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT \W HKPFGP
38
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
54
(4'+' 70& *#05'56#&6 *#/$74)
*CPUGCVGPMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÃ&#x2019;T FGP )GPGTCNOCLQT WPF -QOOCPFGWT FGT .CPFYGJT &KXKUKQP 9KNNKCO $CNEM FCVKGTV *CODWTI CO ,WNK OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV ++
(ª456'067/ .+22'
55
-TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÃ&#x2019;T FGP )GPGTCNOCLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM DGK FGT .CPFYGJT &KXKUKQP FCVKGTV &GVOQNF CO #RTKN OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 5VCCVUOKPKUVGTU \CJNTGKEJG 'KPTKUUG KO 4CPF +++
39
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
56 (1:1)
-¤0+)4'+%* 5#%*5'0
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $GJGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV GKPVGKNKIGP /GFCKNNQP HGNFGTP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOVWTMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ) # 5EJCTHHGPDGTI KP &TGUFGP CP 0CFGN FKGUG RWP\KGTV 5 HÒT 5KNDGT KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP GVYCU DGTKGDGPGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV FGHGMVGO 8GTUEJNW $9- )$ -$ 1'- ++ &CU -QOVWTMTGW\ -NCUUG YWTFG )GPGTCNOCLQT $CNEM %JGH FGT (GNFVGNGITCRJKG CO &G\GODGT XGTNKG JGP &CU \WIGJÌTKIG -QOVWTMTGW\ KUV WPVGT FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT \W HKPFGP WPF FKG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIU WTMWPFG WPVGT FGT FCTCWH HQNIGPFGP
.CWV 9GDGT #TPQNF WPF -GKN KP 9$ 5 YWTFGP XQP DKU KP FGT WPF #WUHÒJTWPI \WUCOOGP PWT -QOVWTMTGW\G -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV XGTNKGJGP
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $GJGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV GKPVGKNKIGP /GFCKNNQP HGNFGTP -QOVWTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNG CWUDTWEJ KO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI 9CRRGP WPF -TQPG FGU 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQPU GKPVGKNKI KO 4CPF FGU NKPMGP -TGW\CTOU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 5%*#4(('0$'4) FGU TGEJVGP &4'5&'0 WPF FGU WPVGTGP 2WP\G 5 HÒT 5KNDGT \WUCOOGP OKV WPMQPHGMVKQPKGTVGO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV FGHGMVGO 8GTUEJNW $9- )$ -$ 1'- ++ &CU -QOVWTMTGW\ -NCUUG YWTFG )GPGTCNOCLQT $CNEM %JGH FGT (GNFVGNGITCRJKG CO &G\GODGT XGTNKGJGP &GT \WIGJÌTKIG $TWUVUVGTP KUV WPVGT FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT \W HKPFGP WPF FKG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG WPVGT FGT HQNIGPFGP
40
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
57 (1:1)
ex 58
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOVWTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGT VGTP HÒT )GPGTCNOCLQT $CNEM %JGH FGT (GNFVGNGITCRJKG &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV &TGUFGP CO &G\GODGT OKV ITQGO 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGPUVGORGN -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUVU +++ GKPOCN IGHCNVGV \WUCOOGP OKV FGO ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FCVKGTV CO ,CPWCT OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV 5VÒEM ++ &KG JKGT\W IGJÌTKIGP 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP YGTFGP WPVGT FGP DGKFGP XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGTP CPIGDQVGP
.CWV 9GDGT #TPQNF WPF -GKN KP 9$ 5 YWTFGP XQP DKU KP FGT WPF #WUHÒJTWPI \WUCOOGP PWT -QOVWTMTGW\G -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV XGTNKGJGP
41
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
59 (1:1)
60
(ª456'067/ 5%*9#4<$74) 47&1.56#&6
(ÒTUVGPVWO 5EJYCT\DWTI 4WFQNUVCFV (ÒTUVNKEJ 5EJYCT\DWTIKUEJGU 'JTGPMTGW\ 'JTGPMTGW\ + -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I \WUCOOGP OKV WPMQPHGMVKQPKGTVGO QTKIKPCNGO *CNUDCPF- CDUEJPKVV KO YQJN PKEJV \WIGJÌTKIGP UEJYCT\GP 'VWK 44 ++ &KG +PUKIPKGP FGT DGKFGP UEJYCT\DWTIKUEJGP (ÒTUVGPVÒOGT UKPF IGPGTGNN XQP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8GTNKGJGP CO #W- IWUV CP FGP )GPGTCNOCLQT WPF -QOOCPFGWT FGT .CPFYGJT &KXKUKQP 9KNNKCO $CNEM &KG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGK- JWPIUWTMWPFG YKTF WPVGT FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
(ÒTUVGPVWO 5EJYCT\DWTI 4WFQNUVCFV HÒT 5EJYCT\DWTI 5QPFGTUJCWUGP (ÒTUVNKEJ 5EJYCT\DWTIK- UEJGU 'JTGPMTGW\ $GINCWDKIWPIUWTMWPFG \WT 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 'JTGPMTGW\GU + -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CP FGP )GPGTCNOCLQT WPF -QOOCPFGWT FGT .CPFYGJT &KXKUKQP 9KNNKCO $CNEM &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV 5QPFGTUJCWUGP CO #WIWUV OKV 2CRKGTRT·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP (ÒTUV )ÒPVJGT XQP 5EJYCT\DWTI 4WFQNUVCFV CNU 4GIGPV HÒT 5EJYCT\DWTI 5QPFGTUJCWUGP UGKV 44 ++ &CU JKGT\W IGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUMTGW\ YKTF WPVGT FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
42
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
61 (1:1)
(ª456'067/ 9#.&'%-
(ÒTUVNKEJ 9CNFGEM UEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ + -NCUUG OKV -TQPG WPF 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I \WUCOOGP OKV WPMQPHGMVKQPKGTVGO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJ WPIUGVWK 1'- 44 + ++
#NU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT XQP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV .CWV 4QVJ -TCWUG WPF .WPFUVÌO KP 5# 5 JCV )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV 9KNNKCO $CNEM -QOOCPFGWT FGT 4GUGTXGFKXKUKQP FCU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ CO 0QXGODGT XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP .CWV KJPGP YKG CWEJ NCWV 'HNGT KP '(9 5 KUV FKGUGU -TGW\ PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YQDGK FKGUG 8GTNGKJWPIGP CNNG \YKUEJGP WPF GTHQNIV UKPF
43
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
62 (1:1)
-¤0+)4'+%* 9ª466'/$'4)
1TFGP FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGP -TQPG -QOVWTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF VNY HGKP \KUGNKGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I \WUCOOGP OKV WPMQPHGMVKQPKGTVGO QTKIKPCNG/ *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 'FWCTF (QGJT KP 5VWVVICTV 1'- 4 + ++ 9KNNKCO $CNEM +PURGMVGWT FGT (GNFVGNGITCRJKG JCF FCU -QOVWTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP FGU 1TFGPU FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGP -TQPG CO &G\GODGT XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP &CPKGN -TCWUG $GTNKP JGT\NKEJUVGP &CPM HÒT FKG 'TOKVVNWPI FGU 8GTNGKJWPIUFCVWOU
.CWV -NGKP WPF 4CHH KP 5/- 5 JCV FCU -ÌPKINKEJG /ÒP\COV KP 5VWVVICTV \YKUEJGP WPF KPUIGUCOV -QOVWTMTGW\G OKV 5EJYGTVGTP IGNKGHGTV WPF PCEJ FGP INGKEJGP #WVQTGP 5 UKPF Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU KPUIGUCOV 'ZGORNCTG \WT 8GTNGKJWPI IGMQOOGP &C OCP LGFQEJ NGKFGT PKEJV YGK YKG XKGNG -QOVWTMTGW\G OKV 5EJYGTVGTP UKEJ DGK -TKGIUGPFG KO 0QXGODGT PQEJ KO $GUVCPF FGT 1TFGPUMCP\NGK DGHCPFGP LGFQEJ FCXQP CWUIGICPIGP YGTFGP MCPP FC GU YQJN PKEJV OGJT CNU DKU IGYGUGP UKPF MCPP OCP FCXQP CWUIGJGP FC Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU PKEJV OGJT CNU XKGT\KI DKU HÒPH\KI 'ZGORNCTG KP FGT GEJV IQNFGPGP #WUHÒJTWPI XQP 'FWCTF (QGJT CPIGHGTVKIV DKU WPF XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP UKPF
63
&'765%*'5 4'+%*
&GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ #D\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTYWPFGVG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO #D\GKEJGP KP 5EJYCT\ HÒT FGP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV $CNEM )QWXGTPGWT FCVKGTV CO 5GRVGODGT OKV &KGPUVUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGT- UEJTKHV )GPGTCN FGT +PHCPVGTKG \YGKOCN IGHCNVGV 4 ++ (ÒT GKPGP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
44
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
65
ex 64
ex 66
-1081.76 810 (ª0( 8'45%*+'&'0'0 #75<'+%*070)'0
$C[GTP /KNKV·T &GPM\GKEJGP HÒT $TQP\G OKV 4GUVNCEMKGTWPI CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 5GKFGPDCPF $C[GTP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÒT FKG ,CJTG 5KNDGT )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV DGUEJ·FKIV QJPG $CPF 2TGWGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G HÒT 0KEJVM·ORHGT 5VCJN QJPG $CPF 9ÒTVVGO DGTI 1HHK\KGTU 'JTGP\GKEJGP -TGW\ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG $CPF 5GTDKGP 4QV -TGW\ /GFCKNNG DGUEJ·FKIV QJPG $CPF KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCN VWPIGP \WUCOOGP KP 'VWK 5VÒEM ++ +++ +8
&KGUG HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP DGHCPFGP UKEJ KP 9KNNKCO $CNEMU 0CEJNC 5KG MÌPPGP CNNGTFKPIU YGFGT CP KJP PQEJ CP UGKPGP 8CVGT XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP UGKP /ÌINKEJGTYGKUG UVCOOGP FKG 5VÒEMG CWU FGO $GUKV\ FGT (COKNKGP FGT 'JGHTCWGP XQP )GQTIG 9KNNKCO QFGT *GTOCPP $CNEM
-¤0+)4'+%* )4+'%*'0.#0&
-ÌPKINKEJGT 'TNÌUGT 1TFGP =Βασιλικον Ταγμα Αριστειας τον Σοτηρος? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC ) 2QOQUKU KP #VJGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CO QTKIKPCNGP MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 2QOQUKU <- + ++
&GP 1TFGP JCV 1DGTUVNGWVPCPV 9KNNKCO $CNEM CO (GDTWCT XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP &KG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIU WTMWPFG YKTF WPVGT FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
-ÌPKINKEJGT 'TNÌUGT 1TFGP =Βασιλικον Ταγμα Αριστειας τον Σοτηρος? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT $CNEM &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV #VJGP CO !! (GDTWCT OKV 2CRKGTRT·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI )GQTIU + XQP )TKGEJGPNCPF GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V \WUCOOGP OKV ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FGU /KPKUVGTKWOU HÒT FKG CWUY·TVKIGP #PIGNGIGP JGKVGP FCVKGTV (GDTWCT 5VÒEM ++ &CU \WIGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUMTGW\ YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
45
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
67
-¤0+)4'+%* )4155$4+6#00+'0
-ÌPKINKEJGT 8KMVQTKC 1TFGP =4Q[CN 8KEVQTKCP 1TFGT? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG PWOOGTKGTV % CO MWT\GP 'KPMPÌRHJCNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV NCPIGO WPMQPHGMVKQPKGTVGO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV KO GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP QTKIKPCNGP DQTFGCWZTQVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $9- /; <- ++
&GP 1TFGP JCV /CLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM CO ,WNK XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP &KG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG YKTF WPVGT FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
ex 68
-ÌPKINKEJGT 8KMVQTKC 1TFGP =4Q[CN 8KEVQTKCP 1TFGT? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 'JTGP -QOOCPFGWT HÒT /CLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM XQO 2QUGPUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPV XQP %QWTDK½TG 0T FCVKGTV $WEMKPIJCO 2CNCEG CO ,WNK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHVGP -ÌPKI 'FWCTFU 8++ WPF FGU 1TFGPUMCP\NGTU \WUCOOGP OKV ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FCVKGTV 1MVQDGT OKV 1TKIKPCN WPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 1TFGPUUGMTGV·TU )GPGTCN WPF FGP 1TFGPUUVCVWVGP 5GKVGP IGJGHVGV WPF MCTVQPKGTV 5VÒEM ++ &CU \WIGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUMTGW\ YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
46
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
ex 69
-ÌPKINKEJGT 8KMVQTKC 1TFGP =4Q[CN 8KEVQTKCP 1TFGT? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 'JTGPOKVINKGF -NCUUG HÒT /CLQT 9KNNKCO $CNEM XQO 2TGWKUEJGP ITQGP )GPGTCNUVCD FCVKGTV $WEMKPIJCO 2CNCEG CO ,WPK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHVGP -ÌPKI 'FWCTFU 8++ WPF FGU 1TFGPUMCP\NGTU \WUCOOGP OKV ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FCVKGTV ,WNK OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU 1TFGPU UGMTGV·TU )GPGTCN DGKFG IGNQEJV 5VÒEM ++
47
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
ex 70
)4155*'4<1)67/ .7:'/$74)
/KNKV·T WPF %KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP #FQNRJU XQP 0CUUCW 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP HÒT *CWRVOCPP ¯ NC UWKVG FGU +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPVU *GT\QI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI 0T &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV 5EJNQ 9CNHGTFKPIGP CO ,WNK OKV 2CRKGT prägesiegel und Originalunterschrift Großherzog Adolphs, doppelt gefaltet, zusammen mit ÜberUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FCVKGTV .WZGODWTI ,WNK OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV WPF 5VCVWVGP DNCVV FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV OKV 'KPTKUUGP 5VÒEM 4 ++ &GT \WP·EJUV HÒPHUVWHKIG )TQMTGW\ -QOVWTG WPF -NCUUG 4KVVGT WPF +PJCDGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO /CK XQP *GT\QI #FQNRJ XQP 0CUUCW IGUVKHVGV WPF GTHWJT CO 0QXGODGT 'TYGKVGTWPIGP FWTEJ 5VKHVWPI GKPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\GU WPF GKPGT \YGKUVWHKIGP )QNF WPF 5KNDGT 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FKG LGYGKNU FGO 1TFGP CHHKNKKGTV YCTGP #P /KNKV·TRGTUQPGP YWTFGP FKG +PUKIPKGP OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP &C *GT\QI #FQNRJ FGP 1TFGP CNU *CWUQTFGP HÒT KJP RGTUÌPNKEJ WPF FGT JGT\QINKEJGP (COKNKG IGNGKUVGVG &KGPUVG DGVTCEJVGVG HWJT GT CWEJ PCEJ FGT XÌNMGTTGEJVUYKFTKIGP #PPGZKQP FGU *GT\QIVWOU FWTEJ 2TGWGP CO 5GRVGODGT HQTV FGP 1TFGP CWEJ KO 'ZKN KP UGNVGPGP (·NNGP \W XGTNGKJGP +PHQNIG FGT UCNKUEJGP 'TDHQNIG KP .WZGODWTI YWTFG GT PCEJ FGO 6QF )TQJGT\QI 9KNJGNOU +++ -ÌPKI FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG CWU FGO *CWUG 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP CO 0QXGODGT FGUUGP 0CEJHQNIGT CNU )TQJGT\QI #WEJ CNU UQNEJGT HWJT GT HQTV FGP 1TFGP CNU *GT\QI XQP 0CUUCW CNU *CWUQTFGP HÒT KJO RGTUÌPNKEJ WPF FGT JGT\QINKEJGP (COKNKG IGNGKUVGVGP &KGPUVG IGNGIGPVNKEJ \W XGTNGKJGP QJPG FC GT KP FCU NWZGODWTIKUEJG #WU\GKEJPWPIUU[UVGO KPMQTRQTKGTV YQTFGP YCT 0CEJ UGKPGO 6QFG CO 0QXGODGT YWTFG FGT 1TFGP \WP·EJUV PKEJV YGKVGT XGTNKGJGP 5GKP 5QJP 9KNJGNO +8 YWTFG CWHITWPF UGKPGT UEJYGTGP -TCPMJGKV CD FGO 0QXGODGT XQP UGKPGT )GOCJNKP )TQJGT\QIKP /CTKC #PPC IGDQTGPG +PHCPVKP XQP 2QTVWICN CNU 4GIGPVKP XGTVTGVGP 5KG XGTCPNCVG CO ,WNK FWTEJ FGP 'TNC PGWGT 5VCVWVGP FKG 'KPINKGFGTWPI FGU 1TFGPU KP FCU NWZGODWTIKUEJG #WU\GKEJPWPIUU[UVGO 9GKVGTG PFGTWPIGP WPF 'TI·P\WPIGP GTHQNIVGP KP FGP ,CJTGP WPF 8IN FKG CWUHÒJTNKEJG &CTUVGNNWPI XQP ,GCP 5EJQQU KP 51 5 HH
48
NACHLASS WILLIAM BALCK
71
72
ex 73
-¤0+)4'+%* 47/ 0+'0
1TFGP -TQPG 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN %QTQCPC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV -TQPG CWU 'KUGP KP FGP /GFCKNNQPU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV -TQPG CWU 'KUGP KO TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPHGNF 'OCKNNGCDURNKVVGTWPI KO $CPFTKPI \YGK # 2WP\GP QJPG *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,QUGH 4GUEJ (KK KP $WMCTGUV OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %CTQNU + TGIKGTVG XQP DKU <- ++ ++ +++
/CLQT $CNEM XQO RTGWKUEJGP )TQGP )GPGTCNUVCD JCV FGP 1TFGP CO 5GRVGODGT XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP &KG \WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG YKTF WPVGT FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
1TFGP -TQPG 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN %QTQCPC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·PKGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT /CLQT $CNEM XQO RTGWKUEJGP )TQGP )GPGTCNUVCD &QRRGNDNCVV FCVKGTV $WMCTGUV 5GRVGODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV ++
&CU \WIGJÌTKIG 1TFGPUMTGW\ YKTF WPVGT FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGT CPIGDQVGP
7/(#0)4'+%*'5 -1081.76 810 74-70&'0 70& &1-7/'06'0
#PUVGNNWPIUOKVVGKNWPI FGU %QOOCPFQU FGU %CFGVVGP %QRU FCVKGTV 2CVGPV CNU 2QTVGRGG (·JPTKEJ FCVKGTV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN <GWIPKU FGT 4GKHG \WO 1HHK\KGT FCVKGTV 2CVGPV CNU 5GEQPF .KGWVGPCPV FCVKGTV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN &QRRGNDNCVV CDIGVTGPPV <GWIPKU FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP /KNKV·T 6WTP #PUVCNV FCVKGTV 2CVGPV CNU 2TGOKGT .KGWVGPCPV FCVKGTV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN 2CVGPV CNU *CWRVOCPP WPF %QORCIPKG %JGH FCVKGTV 0GWGU 2CNCKU OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV 9KNJGNOU ++ /KVVGKNWPI FGT 'TPGPPWPI \WO /KVINKGF FGT 5VWFKGP -QOOKUUKQP HÒT FKG -TKGIUUEJWNGP FCVKGTV 2CVGPV CNU 1DGTUVNGWVPCPV FGT +PHCPVGTKG FCVKGTV $GTNKP -CKUGTU )GDWTVUVCI OKV 2T·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ÒEM ++ ++ +++ +++ +8
'PFG FGU 0CEJNCUUGU 9KNNKCO $CNEM
49
PREUSSEN
74
74 76
75 (1:1)
-¤0+)4'+%* 24'755'0
*QJGT 1TFGP XQO 5EJYCT\GP #FNGT 0KEJV RTQDGO·ÂKIG #PHGTVKIWPI =HCMG? GKPGU -NGKPQFU &WTEJOGUUGT OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I KO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU 4KV\OCTMG 9 QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (·NUEJWPI \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT
*QJGT 1TFGP XQO 5EJYCT\GP #FNGT 0KEJV RTQDGO·ÂKIG ,WYGNKGTU #PHGTVKIWPI GKPGU $TWUVUVGTPU XQP ,GCP (T¾F¾TKE )QFGV KP $GTNKP &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT VNY HGKPUV ITCXKGTV /GFCKNNQPCWHNCIGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G 2) XQP ,GCP (T¾F¾TKE )QFGV ++
$TWUVUVGTP KP GKPGT ,WYGNKGTUCPHGTVKIWPI YQJN CWU FGO GTUVGP &TKVVGN FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP 0KEJV RTQDGO·ÂKIG #PHGTVKIWPI =HCMG? GKPGU )TQÂMTGW\GU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO PGW MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF ++ 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (·NUEJWPI \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT
50
PREUSSEN
77
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV \KGIGNTQVGO #FNGT -NGKPQF \WT -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG *GTUVGNNGT -GPP\GKEJPWPI QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF $9- -$ 1'- + ++
78
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV \KGIGNTQVGO #FNGT $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG *GTUVGNNGT -GPP\GKEJPWPI 0CFGN 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV $9- -$ 1'- ++ 51
PREUSSEN
80
79
84 Rv. 83
82 (1:1)
4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV \KGIGNTQVGO #FNGT CNVG PKEJV RTQDGO·KIG <YGKV CPHGTVKIWPI YQJN XQP XQT =VC[NQT U EQR[? FGU -TGW\GU -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK KO $CPFTKPI 5VGTPEJGPRWP\G CO UEJOCNGP CNVGP $TWUVDCPF 4 + ++
+P FKGUGT JGTXQTTCIGPFGP 3WCNKV·V PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
4QVG #FNGT /GFCKNNG /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO 9 CWH FGO 4GXGTU IQNFHCTDGP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV UGRCTCV CPIGNÌVGVGT -TQPG -WRHGT XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $TWUVDCPF $9- -$ 1'- ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP EO NCPIGU WPMQPHGMVKQPKGTVGU QTKIKPCNGU 5EJWNVGTDCPFUVÒEM VNY GVYCU XGTDNGKEJV OKV )GDTCWEJUURWTGP ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV MNGKPGT JGTCNFKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG KO #XGTUOGFCKNNQP $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG 5KNDGTMQTRWU /GFCKNNQP )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGVGT 0CFGN $9- -$ XCT 1'- 44 ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV ITQGT RTGWKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG KO #XGTUOGFCKNNQP PKEJV RTQDGO·KIG #PHGTVKIWPI =HCMG? GKPGU -TGW\GU -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CO 4KPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF ++
'U JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (·NUEJWPI \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT
52
-ÌPKINKEJGT -TQPGP 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV ITQGT RTGWKUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG KO #XGTUOGFCKNNQP -TGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV FKG /GFCKNNQPHGNFGT OKV )QNF 2CVKPC CO VNY CWUIGDNGKEJVGP CNVGP *CNUDCPFUVÒEM $9- -$ 1'- ++
PREUSSEN
87 86
85
88
89
ex 90
-ÌPKINKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP 0KEJV RTQDGO·KIG 0CEJHGTVKIWPI YQJN \YKUEJGP WPF =VC[NQT U EQR[? FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNG OCNGTGK CO $TWUVDCPF 4 + ++
+P FKGUGT JGTXQTTCIGPFGP 3WCNKV·V PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
-ÌPKINKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP #FNGT FGT +PJCDGT RTQDGO·KIG #PHGTVKIWPI #WUHÒJTWPI OKV DTGKVGT MWIGNCTVKIGT ¤UG 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP QTKIKPCNGP $CPF $9- 1'- ++
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ /KPKCVWT FGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\GU KP )QNF OKV -TQPG XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQPU UGRCTCV IGHGT- VKIV CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP $·PFEJGP 4 ++
#WEJ CNU /KPKCVWT XQP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ KP )QNF #WUHÒJTWPI OKV GEJV IQNFGPGP /GFCKNNQPU $TQP\G XGTIQN FGV /GFCKNNQPU )QNF CO $CPF $9- 1'- ++
¤NDGTIMTGW\ 0KEJV RTQDGO·KIG #PHGTVKIWPI XQP PCEJ D\Y =HCMG? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO PGWGP $CPF ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (·NUEJWPI \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT
-QPXQNWV XQP PGWP XQTYKGIGPF \KXKNGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV GKPG VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP &C\W \YGK /KPKCVWTGP CP 5EJNGKHEJGP WPF )CTFGUVGTP CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM + ++ ++ ++ +++
91
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WUICDG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG Z OO IGUVWHVGT 'KUGPMGTP IG- UEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG CP CNVGT LGFQEJ PKEJV QTKIKPCNGT $CPFOQPVWT $9- 1'- ++ +++ )GO· FGT XQP (TKGFJGNO *G[FG KP *(# XQTIGPQOOGPGP 6[RKUKGTWPI JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO 6[R %
&CU 'KUGTPG -TGW\ YWTFG CWH RGTUÌPNKEJG +PKVKCVKXG CO /·T\ XQP -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ KP FTGK -NCUUGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG )TQMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU CNU -TKGIU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KO DGUVGJGPFGP 8GTVGKFKIWPIUHCNN HÒT 8GTFKGPUV YGNEJGU KP FGO LGV\V CWUDTGEJGPFGP -TKGIG GPVYGFGT KO YKTMNKEJGP -CORH OKV FGO (GKPFG QFGT CWGTFGO KO (GNFG QFGT FCJGKO LGFQEJ KP $G\KGJWPI CWH FKGUGP ITQGP -CORH WO (TGKJGKV WPF 5GNDUV·PFKIMGKV GTYQTDGP YKTF 5VKHVWPIUWTMWPFG 'U UQNNVG PCEJ FGO CWUFTÒEMNKEJGP 9KNNGP FGU -ÌPKIU KP FGT WPF -NCUUG QJPG #PUGJGP XQP 2GTUQP WPF *GTMWPHV CP LGFGP /CPP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP FGT UKEJ FGUUGP CNU YÒTFKI GTYKGU +P FGT (QNIG\GKV YWTFG FCU 'KUGTPG -TGW\ \WO 5[ODQN FGT $GHTGKWPIUMTKGIG WPF GTTGKEJVG GKP JQJGU #PUGJGP
53
PREUSSEN
92
94
93
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WUICDG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG HNCEJG #WUHÒJTWPI 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG WPVGTJCND FGU 0CFGNJCMGPU *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G (4 FGT (KTOC (TKGFN·PFGT CP 0CFGN $9- 1'- + ++ 'ZGORNCT KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 'TJCNVWPI
#O #WIWUV GTMN·TVG FCU &GWVUEJG 4GKEJ 4WNCPF FGP -TKGI WPF CO FGU /QPCVU (TCPMTGKEJ &CTCWHJKP GTPGWGTVG -CKUGT 9KNJGNO ++ CNU -ÌPKI XQP 2TGWGP CO #WIWUV FCU 'KUGTPG -TGW\ +P FGP HQNIGPFGP ,CJTGP GPVYKEMGNVG UKEJ FCU 'KUGTPG -TGW\ FG HCEVQ CWUFTÒEMNKEJ PKEJV FG LWTG \W GKPGT IGOGKPUCOGP -TKGIUCWU\GKEJPWPI FGT 5VCCVGP FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU YKGYQJN FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUKPKVKCVKXG IGPGTGNN DGK 2TGWGP XGTDNKGD
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WUICDG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG HNCEJG #WUHÒJTWPI 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G %& FGT (KTOC %CTN &KNNGPKWU KP 2HQT\JGKO WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN $9- 1'- 4 ++
5GNVGP \W HKPFGPFGT *GTUVGNNGT
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WUICDG -QPXQNWV XQP UGEJU 'ZGORNCTGP FCTWPVGT LGYGKNU GKPG 5COONGTCPHGTVK- IWPI FGU *KPFGPDWTIUVGTPU WPF FGT + -NCUUG XKGT -TGW\G ++ -NCUUG KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP FCTWPVGT GKPGU OKV DTGKVGO 4CPF FKGUG CP $·PFGTP &C\W GKPG 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTVG /KPKCVWT CP 5EJNGKHG +P IWVGP WPF UGJT IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP ++
95
96 ex 97
ex 98
'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WUICDG 0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGU #D\GKEJGP OKV '- KO 'KEJGPMTCP\ &WTEJ- OGUUGT OO $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN ++
-TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G )TQG INCVVG 'KPGT 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG QJPG FKG /GFCKNNG OKV XKGT )GHGEJVU- URCPIGP 9'+55'0$74) 9¤46* 5'&#0 WPF 2#4+5 LGYGKNU INGKEJG /CEJCTV FKG DGKFGP GTUVGP OKV &TCJVURNKPVGP DGHGUVKIV FKG DGKFGP NGV\VGP OKV (CFGP CPIGP·JV &C\W GKP '- ++ 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V OKV 5KNDGT\CTIG QJPG $CPF $9- CC CD W U 1'- 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\GP WPF -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUMTGW\GP XQP DKU WPF 2TQDGPO·KIG 1TKIKPCNG WPF PKEJV RTQDGO·KIG <YGKVCPHGTVKIWPIGP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP $TQP\G WPF 'KUGP 5VCJN CP MQTTGMVGP CNVGP QFGT PGWGP $TWUVD·PFGTP OKV XKGT )GHGEJVUURCPIGP KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP &C\W FTGK /KPKCVWTGP FGT -&/ 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +8
-QPXQNWV XQP &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIGP HÒT 1HHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /QFGNNG RTQDGO·KIG QHHK\KGNNG WPF PKEJV RTQDGO·KIG KPQHHK\KGNNG #WUICDGP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP QFGT CP 5RCPIGP OKV 0CFGNP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP &C\W GKPG /KPKCVWT FGT .CPFYGJT &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIU /GFCKNNG CO $·PFEJGP 5VÒEM ++
54
SACHSEN
99
100 Rv.
102
101
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG \WT 'KPJWPFGTV ,CJTHGKGT 4JGKPKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPVU XQP .ÒV\QY 0T KO ,CJTG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CP CNVGT $CPFURCPIG 75 ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG \WT 'KPJWPFGTV ,CJTHGKGT FGU .QVJTKPIKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPVU 0T KO ,CJTG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO PGWGP $CPF 75 4 ++
'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ \WT ,CJTJWPFGTVHGKGT FGU *CPPQXGTUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPVU 0T KP *COGNP KO ,CJTG 8GTUKNDGTV CWHIGNGIV CWH $CPFURCPIG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTGVKMGVV FGT (KTOC &GUEJNGT 5QJP KP /ÒPEJGP CP 0CFGN 75 4 ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG \WT 'KPJWPFGTV ,CJTHGKGT FGU 1UVRTGWKUEJGP 7NCPGP 4GIKOGPVU )TCH \W &QJPC 0T KO ,CJTG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CP 6TCIGUEJNGKHG 4 ++
2CTCFG 1HHK\KGTUHGNFDKPFG <WO $KPFGP QJPG (GNFDKPFGPUEJNQ KP IWVGO <WUVCPF
++
105
104
104
4'755 (ª456'06ª/'4 )'/'+05#/
(ÒTUVNKEJ 4GWKUEJGU 'JTGPMTGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT JQJN IGHGTVKIV XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGEJKRU KO #XGTUOGFCKNNQP CO QTKIKPCNGP WPF IGVTCIGPGP *CNUDCPF $9- -$ XCT 1'- ++
(ÒTUV *GKPTKEJ :+8 4GW LÒPIGTG .KPKG UVKHVGVG FGP \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP CO /CK WPF GTYGKVGTVG KJP W C WO GKPG YGKVGTG -NCUUG WPF GKPG CHHKNKKGTVG UKNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FKG IQNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG YWTFG GKPIGHÒJTV ÒDGTPCJO GT CNU 4GIKGTWPIUXGTYGUGT FGU (ÒTUVGPVWOU 4GW ·NVGTG .KPKG FGP 1TFGP CWEJ HÒT FKGUGU (ÒTUVGPVWO YWTFG FGT 1TFGP HÒT 4GW LÒPIGTG .KPKG UGEJUMNCUUKI WPF HÒT 4GW ·NVGTG .KPKG LGYGKNU OKV OGJTGTGP 'TYGKVGTWPIGP YWTFG FCU -TKGIUDCPF GKPIGHÒJTV &GT 1TFGP ÒDGTNGDVG FGP 7PVGTICPI FGT /QPCTEJKG CNU *CWUQTFGP FGT HÒTUVNKEJGP (COKNKG
5#%*5'0 -74(ª456'067/ $+5 70& -¤0+)4'+%*
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT /KNKV·T 5V *GKPTKEJU 1TFGP /QFGNN UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI
YQJN #PHGTVKIWPI XQP ) # 5EJCTHGPDGTI KP &TGUFGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO PGWGP $TWUVDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP JGNNTQVGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FKGUGU OKV *GTUVGNNGTGVKMGVV FGT (KTOC % ' -WPCVJ CWH FGO $QFGP $9- )$ -$ 1'- ++
55
SACHSEN
106 (1:1)
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUV 1TFGP /QFGNN OKV IGOCNVGP /GFCKNNQPU #WUICDG HÒT +PN·PFGT /KPKCVWT FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CD 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG $·PFEJGP 4 ++
107 (1:1)
107 (1:1)
1,5:1
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUV 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG HÒT #WUN·PFGT OKV +PUEJTKHV &'/ 8'4&+'056' -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ D\Y -QOVWTMTGW\ Z OO QJPG ¤UG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG $CPF $9- QFGT -$ XCT 1'- QFGT 444 ++ 'Z 5COONWPI &KGVGT 9GDGT &TGUFGP 'ZGORNCT XQP GZ\GNNGPVGT #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV·V WPF KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 'TJCNVWPI
&KGUGU 1TFGPUMTGW\ KUV XQP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV FC IGO· FGT KO *CWRVUVCCVUCTEJKX &TGUFGP DGHKPFNKEJGP 8GTNGK- JWPIUCMVGP FGT MÌPKINKEJ U·EJUKUEJGP 1TFGPUMCP\NGK XQP FGP KPUIGUCOV CP #WUN·PFGT OKV FGT +PUEJTKHV &'/ 8'4&+'056' XGTNKGJGPGP )TQMTGW\GP UQYKG ITÌGPINGKEJGP -QOVWTMTGW\GP WPF -NCUUG NGFKINKEJ 'ZGORNCTG PKEJV CP FKG 1TFGPUMCP\NGK \WTÒEMIGIGDGP YQTFGP UKPF &C PCEJ FGO KO ,CJTG GTHQNIVGP /QFGNNYGEJUGN U·OVNKEJG +PUKIPKGP FGU /QFGNNU PCEJYGKUNKEJ FGT )QNFXGTYGTVWPI \WIGHÒJTV YQTFGP UKPF JCPFGNV GU UKEJ DGK FGO JKGT CPIGDQVGPGP -TGW\ WO GKPG JGTCWUTCIGPFG 5GNVGPJGKV FGT U·EJUKUEJGP 1TFGP )GPCW FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT KUV DGK 9GDGT #TPQNF WPF -GKN KP 9$ 5 0T CDIGDKNFGV WPF YCT CWEJ KP FGT #WUUVGNNWPI &KG 1TFGP WPF 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNGP FGT U·EJUKUEJGP 5VCCVGP FGU /ÒP\MCDKPGVVU &TGUFGP KO #NDGTVKPWO KP &TGUFGP XQO 1MVQDGT DKU \WO ,WPK \W UGJGP &KGVGT 9GDGT &TGUFGP
&GT 1TFGP YWTFG CO ,WPK XQP -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV + CNU FTGKMNCUUKIGT 1TFGP OKV CHHKNKKGTVGT /GFCKNNG IGUVKHVGV YWTFG HÒT #WUN·PFGT GKPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV CPFGTGT +PUEJTKHV GKPIGHÒJTV 'KP WPVGTJCND FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU CPIGUKGFGNVGU UQIGPCPPVGU -NGKPMTGW\ YWTFG IGUVKHVGV FCU KP 'JTGPMTGW\ WODGPCPPV YWTFG YWTFG FGT 1TFGP KP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP WODGPCPPV WPF GU GTHQNIVG FKG #WHVGKNWPI FGT -QOVWTG KP WPF -NCUUG #WU #PNC FGU -TKGIGU XQP YWTFGP HÒT CNNG -NCUUGP FGU #WUHÒJTWPI HÒT +PN·PFGT FKG 5EJYGTVGT HÒT 8GTFKGPUV KO -TKGI WPF FKG 5EJYGTVGT CO 4KPI GKPIGHÒJTV MCO FKG DGUQPFGTG #WUHÒJTWPI HÒT #WUN·PFGT KP (QTVHCNN GTHQNIVGP YGKVGTG 8GT·PFGTWPIGP &KG 4KVVGTMNCUUG YKTF KP 4KVVGT WPF -NCUUG CWHIGVGKNV FCU 'JTGPMTGW\ WPF FKG )QNFGPG WPF 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG YGTFGP CWHIGJQDGP WPF UVCVV FGUUGP FCU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ IGUVKHVGV GTHQNIVG FGT UQIGPCPPVG /QFGNNYGEJUGN FKG DKUJGT IGOCNVGP 9CRRGP YGTFGP KP CWU /GVCNN IGRT·IVG WPF CWH FCU /GFCKNNQP CWHIGUGV\VG XGT·PFGTV YQDGK LGFQEJ XQP GKP\GNPGP *GTUVGNNGTP 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV IGOCNVGO /GFCKNNQPU DKU JGTIGUVGNNV YGTFGP &GU 9GKVGTGP GTJKGNVGP FKG )TQ WPF -QOVWTMTGW\G GKPG -TQPG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI WPF FGT DKUJGTKIG $TWUVUVGTP GTJKGNV UVCVV DKUJGT UGEJU PWPOGJT CEJV 5VTCJNGP /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI OKV UGRCTCV IGRT·IVGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI WPF IGRT·IVGP 9CRRGP #D GTHQNIVG FKG (GTVKIWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV YWTFG FKG #WUHÒJTWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP XGTGKPHCEJV KPFGO DGK CNNGP +PUKIPKGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI WPF HGNF CWU GKPGO 5VÒEM CPIGHGTVKIV YWTFGP /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI /KV FGO 6JTQPXGT\KEJV -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUVU +++ CO 0QXGODGT GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
56
SACHSEN
108
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUV 1TFGP WPF /QFGNN 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ CD #WUHÒJTWPI OKV UGRCTCV IGRT·IVGP /GFCKNNQPU 5KNDGT CO PGWGP $TWUVDCPF $9- )$ -$ 1'- ++
109
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV *GT\QI ,QJCPPU FGU $GUV·PFKIGP OKV FGT UQIGP $·EMGTOÒV\G $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ Z OO 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV #WHNCIGP )QNF VNY DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY ITCXKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI % ( 416*' WPF 9+'0 KO QTKIKPCNGP .GFGTGVWK FGT (KTOC 4QVJG CWH FGO $QFGP CNVGU 'VKMGVV OKV FGO 0COGP 2QORGQ 2TQXGP\CNK #PIGDQVGP \WUCOOGP OKV FGT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI DGVTGHHGPFG 2JQVQMQRKG CWU FGO 8GT\GKEJPKU FGT +PJCDGT FGU 1TFGPU 2JQVQMQRKG FGU WPVGP GTY·JPVGP #TVKMGNU XQP 2CWN #TPQNF WPF &KGVGT 9GDGT WPF 2JQVQMQRKG GKPKIGT 5GKVGP FGU 9GTMGU )NK WNVKOK )TCPFWEJK FK 6QUECPC XQP )KQTIKQ %WEGPVTGPVQNK OKV +PHQTOCVKQPGP ÒDGT 2TQXGP\CNK $9- )$ -$ IGPCW FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT 1'- 44 + 'Z 5COONWPI &KGVGT 9GDGT &TGUFGP 'ZGORNCT XQP ÒDGTTCIGPFGT #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV·V WPF KP CDUQNWVGT $GUVGTJCNVWPI
&KGUGT $TWUVUVGTP UVCOOV CWU FGO $GUKV\ FGU /CTEJGUG 2QORGQ 2TQXGP\CNK )TQJGT\QINKEJ 6QUMCPKUEJGT DGXQNN- O·EJVKIVGT /KPKUVGT CO -CKUGTNKEJGP *QH KP 9KGP WPF CO -ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGP *QH KP &TGUFGP .CWV FGT KO *CWRVUVCCVUCTEJKX &TGUFGP DGHKPFNKEJGP 8GTNGKJWPIUCMVGP FGT MÌPKINKEJ U·EJUKUEJGP 1TFGPUMCP\NGK YWTFG KJO FCU )TQMTGW\ CO 0QXGODGT XGTNKGJGP )GPCW FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT KUV DGK 9GDGT #TPQNF WPF -GKN KP 9$ 5 0T CDIGDKNFGV UQYKG KO #TVKMGN &KG 2T·IGUVGORGN HÒT U·EJUKUEJG 1TFGP FGT (KTOC 4QVJG WPF 0GHHG KP 9KGP XQP 2CWN #TPQNF WPF &KGVGT 9GDGT +P 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP ,CJTICPI *GHV 5 HH
&KGVGT 9GDGT &TGUFGP
/CTEJGUG 2QORGQ 2TQXGP\CNK YWTFG KP .WEEC IGDQTGP WPF VTCV PCEJ #DUEJNW UGKPGU 5VWFKWOU KP FCU 5GMTGVCTKCV FGU *GT\QIU XQP .WEEC GKP YQ GT GKPG FKRNQOCVKUEJG -CTTKGTG GKPUEJNWI 0CEJFGO FCU *GT\QIVWO XQO )TQJGT\QIVWO 6QUMCPC CPPGMVKGTV YQTFGP YCT YWTFG GT KP FGUUGP FKRNQOCVKUEJGP &KGPUV ÒDGTPQOOGP 8QP DKU YCT 2TQXGP\CNK VQUMCPKUEJGT )GUEJ·HVUVT·IGT CO *QH KP 6WTKP KO -ÌPKITGKEJ 2KGOQPV 5CTFKPKGP &CPCEJ YWTFG GT PCEJ 9KGP WPF &TGUFGP GPVUCPFV YQ GT CD DKU CNU RGTUÌPNKEJGT 4GRT·UGPVCPV FGU KO 'ZKN DGHKPFNKEJGP VQUMCPKUEJGP )TQJGT\QIU .GQRQNF ++ YKTMVG
)GUVKHVGV CO &G\GODGT XQP -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV ++ CNU \WP·EJUV HÒPHMNCUUKIGT )TQMTGW\ -QOVWT WPF -NCUUG 4KVVGT WPF -NGKPMTGW\ CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /QFGNN #NU DGUQPFGTGT )PCFGPGTYGKU MQPPVG FCU )TQMTGW\ OKV $TKNNCPVGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP #D YWTFG FCU -NGKPMTGW\ CNU 'JTGPMTGW\ DG\GKEJPGV YWTFG GKPG CHHKNKKGTVG \YGKUVWHKIG )QNF WPF 5KNDGT /GFCKNNG IGUVKHVGV WPF YWTFGP HÒT CNNG HÒPH -NCUUGP FKG 5EJYGTVGT IGUVKHVGV 8QP CP DKU YCT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI CNNGT -NCUUGP CWEJ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CO 4KPI FKTGMV ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ CPIGDTCEJV OÌINKEJ
57
SACHSEN
110 (1:1)
110 (1:1)
1,5:1
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $G- JGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP )QNF 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I 'ZGORNCT OKV GEMKIGP -TGW\CTOT·PFGTP OKP 'OCKNNG %JKRU -TCV\GT 8GTUEJOWV\WPIGP .ÌVNÌEJNGKP KO 4CPF WPF &GNNEJGP 9CRRGP WPF -TQPG FGU 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQPU GKPVGKNKI FKG 5EJYGTVGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG ITCXKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- )$ -$ 1'- 444 ++ +++ 'Z 5COONWPI &KGVGT 9GDGT &TGUFGP 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV WPF VTQV\ FGT XQTJCPFGPGP IWV TGUVCWTKGTDCTGP 'TJCNVWPIU 'KPUEJT·PMWPIGP GKPG YKEJVKIG 'TI·P\WPI HÒT LGFG DGFGWVGPFG 5CEJUGP -QNQPKCN QFGT &GWVUEJNCPFUCOONWPI
&CU 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KP )QNF YWTFG NCWV FGT KO *CWRVUVCCVUCTEJKX &TGUFGP DGHKPFNKEJGP 8GTNGK- JWPIUCMVGP FGT MÌPKINKEJ U·EJUKUEJGP 1TFGPUMCP\NGK KPUIGUCOV PWT OCN XGTNKGJGP WPF \YCT PWT KP FGP ,CJTGP DKU 'TPUV $GPFNGT -CRKV·PNGWVPCPV FGT -CKUGTNKEJGP /CTKPG #NDGTV *QHHOCPP .COOCVUEJ 'FNGT XQP 9CHHGPUVGKP 1DGTNGWVPCPV FGT -CKUGTNKEJGP /CTKPG 9KNJGNO .CPIJGNF *CWRVOCPP 'TKEJ &KGVGN *CWRVOCPP $CVVGTKGEJGH KO (GNFCTVKNNGTKG 4GIKOGPV 0T 'TKEJ XQP (CNMGPJC[P /CLQT KO )GPGTCNUVCD FGT 1UVCUKCVKUEJGP $GUCV\WPIUDTKICFG *CPQ )NGKPKPI *CWRVOCPP ,QJCPP /GKUVGT *CWRVOCPP KO -ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGP .GKD )TGPCFKGT 4GIKOGPV 0T ,QJCPPGU 4KEJVGT *CWRVOCPP WPF -QORCPKGEJGH KO +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPV FGT 1UVCUKCVKUEJGP $GUCV- \WPIUDTKICFG -WTV XQP 5EJÌPDGTI *CWRVOCPP (TGKJGTT 6TGWUEJ XQP $WVVNCT $TCPFGPHGNU MÌPKINKEJ RTGWKUEJGT /CLQT
8QP FKGUGP \GJP 4KVVGTMTGW\GP -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP YWTFGP FKG CP 'TKEJ &KGVGN *CPQ )NGKPKPI ,QJCPPGU 4KEJVGT WPF -WTV XQP 5EJÌPDGTI XGTNKGJGPGP 'ZGORNCTG CP FKG 1TFGPUMCP\NGK \WTÒEMIGIGDGPGP WPF XQP FQTV FGT )QNFXGTYGTVWPI \WIGHÒJTV 5QOKV UKPF NGFKINKEJ UGEJU FKGUGT -TGW\G PKEJV \WTÒEMIGIGDGP YQTFGP YQOKV UKG CNU 1TKIKPCNG WPF PKEJV OCPKRWNKGTVG 'ZGORNCTG \W FGP ITQGP 5GNVGPJGKVGP FGT HÒT OKNKV·TKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG XGTNKGJGPGP U·EJUKUEJGP 1TFGP \·JNGP &KGVGT 9GDGT &TGUFGP
YWTFG OKV FGO 'TNC PGWGT 1TFGPUUVCVWVGP FCU DKUJGTKIG 2QTVTCKV -WTHÒTUV ,QJCPP FGU $GUV·PFKIGP FWTEJ FCU 2QTVTCKV *GT\QI #NDTGEJVU +++ FGU $GJGT\VGP CWH FGO #XGTUOGFCKNNQP /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI GTUGV\V
DGUEJNQUUGP &WTEJ FKG PGWGP 5VCVWVGP YWTFG CWEJ FKG 4KVVGTMNCUUG KP WPF -NCUUG CWHIGVGKNV FCU 'JTGPMTGW\ WPF FKG /GFCKNNGP CDIGUEJCHHV UQYKG FCU #NDTGEJVUMTGW\ CNU FGO 1TFGP CHHKNKKGTVGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP GKPIGHÒJTV GTHQNIVG FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI GKPGU )QNFGPGP $TWUVUVGTPU \WO )TQMTGW\ OKV GKPGO DGUQPFGTGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF CNU ÒDGT FGO PQTOCNGP )TQMTGW\ CPIGUKGFGNVG 5QPFGTUVWHG GTHQNIVG FKG 5VKHVWPI FGU \YKUEJGP FGO -QOVWT -NCUUG WPF FGO 4KVVGT -NCUUG CPIGUKGFGNVGP 1HHK\KGTMTGW\GU #D MQPPVG FGT IQNFGPG $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ CWEJ QJPG FCU DGUQPFGTG 5EJWNVGTDCPF XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP GTHQNIV FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU -NCUUG OKV FGT -TQPG GTJKGNV FGT IQNFGPG $TWUVUVGTP OKV FGO DGUQPFGTGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF GKPG UKNDGTPG -TQPG
58
SACHSEN
112
111 (1:1)
111 (1:1)
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $G- JGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV GKPVGKNKIGP /GFCKNNQPHGNFGTP )TQMTGW\ QFGT -QOVWTMTGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC )NCUGT 5QJP KP &TGUFGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 9CRRGP WPF -TQPG FGU 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQPU GKPVGKNKI KO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ) FGT (KTOC )NCUGT CO PGW MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF $9- )$ 1'- ++ 5GKV GTHQNIVG FKG *GTUVGNNWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP KP XGTIQNFGVGO 5KNDGT /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI 0CEJ FGT NGV\VGP YGUGPVNKEJGP PFGTWPI WOHCVG FGT 1TFGP KPUIGUCOV )TCFG =)TQMTGW\ OKV IQNFGPGO 5VGTP WPF UKNDGTPGT -TQPG )TQMTGW\ OKV IQNFGPGO 5VGTP )TQMTGW\ OKV $TKNNCPVGP )TQMTGW\ -QOVWT WPF -NCUUG 1HHK\KGT 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV -TQPG 4KVVGTMTGW\ WPF -NCUUG? WPF FCU CHHKNKKGTVG #NDTGEJVUMTGW\ #D YCTGP FKG /GFCKNNQPHGNFGT FGT +PUKIPKGP GKPVGKNKI CWUIGHÒJTV /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI /KV FGO 6JTQPXGT\KEJV -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUVU +++ KO 0QXGODGT GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $G- JGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV GKPVGKNKIGP /GFCKNNQPHGNFGTP PKEJV RTQDGO·KIG #PHGTVKIWPI =HCMG? GKPGU $TWUVUVGTPU \WO )TQMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5EJCTHHGPDGTI CP 0CFGN ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (·NUEJWPI \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT
59
SACHSEN
116
115
114
113
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $G- JGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV GKPVGKNKIGP /GFCKNNQPHGNFGTP 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 9CRRGP WPF -TQPG FGU 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQPU GKPVGKNKI CO UR·VGTGP $TWUVDCPF $9- )$ 1'- ++
-ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT #NDTGEJVUQTFGP /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV XQP *GT\QI #NDTGEJV +++ FGO $G- JGT\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI #WUHÒJTWPI KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV GKPVGKNKIGP /GFCKNNQPHGNFGTP 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV GKPUGKVKI IGRT·IVGP 5EJYGTVGTP #P- HGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 5EJCTHHGPDGTI KP &TGUFGP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 9CRRGP WPF -TQPG FGU 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQPU GKPVGKNKI CWH FGP 4·PFGTP FGT UGKVNKEJGP #TOG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 5%*#4(('0$'4) WPF &4'5&'0 CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU 2WP\G 5 HÒT 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $TWUVDCPF $9- )$ -$ 1'- ++
#NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP D\Y 'JTGPMTGW\ #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP D\Y 'JTGPMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP CD #WUHÒJTWPI OKV DGKFUGKVKI CWUIGRT·IVGP 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO CNVGP LGFQEJ GVYCU UEJO·NGTGP $TWUVDCPF $9- )$ 1'- ++
(GWGTYGJTGJTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT ,CJTG #WUHÒJTWPI <YGKIG PKEJV FWTEJDTQEJGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV CWHIGNGIV CWH $CPFURCPIG OKV 0CFGN $9- )$ 1'- + ++
*GTXQTTCIGPFG 'TJCNVWPI
118
117 (1:1) 119
(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV /GFCKNNG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP -TKGIU $TWUVDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV 'VKMGVVGP FGT (KTOGP ) # 5EJCTHHGPDGTI WPF % ' -WPCVJ DGKFG KP &TGUFGP CWH FGO $QFGP $9- $ 1'- +
+P FKGUGO GZ\GNNGPVGP <WUVCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 'VWK PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ D\Y CD 'JTGPMTGW\ HÒT HTGKYKNNKIG -TCPMGPRHNGIG KO -TKGIG #WUICDG
OKV FGP ,CJTGU\CJNGP \YGKVG #WUHÒJTWPI KP GKPGO 5VÒEM IGRT·IV 6[R OKV 'KEJGPNCWD- MTCP\ NKPMU $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP QTKIKPCNGT &COGPUEJNGKHG $9- )$ 1'- + ++
*GTXQTTCIGPFG 'TJCNVWPI
-TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ $TQP\G OKV 2WP\G 5 FGU *GTUVGNNGTU 5EJPGKFGT KO NKPMGP -TGW\CTO CO QTKIK- PCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV 0CFGN KO IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 1TKIKPCNGVWK $9- )$ 1'- ++ +O 1TKIKPCNGVWK PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
60
SACHSEN
121
120 Rv.
&KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI -TGW\ HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 1HHK\KGTG UGKV #WUICDG OKV INCVVGP -TGW\CTOHGNFGTP KP GKPGO 5VÒEM IGRT·IV $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $9- )$ 1'- +
'ZGORNCT KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 'TJCNVWPI
-TKGIGTXGTGKPU 'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ HÒT /GUUKPIDNGEJ XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV CP &TGKGEMU 5RCPIG 4 ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC \KXKNGP WPF OKNKV·TKUEJGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUV QFGT $QIGPD·PFGTP GKPGT 5RCPIG CP 0CFGN KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP FC\W GKPG /KPKCVWT CO $·PFEJGP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC PGWP #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP &CTWPVGT EC XKGT U·EJUKUEJG XKGT WPF FTGK /KPKCVW TGP CP /KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP &C\W EC CEJV -PÌRHG OKV U·EJUKUEJGP 9CRRGP FCXQP EC FTGK 5GTIGCPVGP MPÌRHG GKPG #PUVGEMPCFGN GKPG (GNFUEJPCNNG WPF \YGK 5QNFCVGPRJQVQU 5VÒEM ++
124 (1:1)
5#%*5'0 9'+/#4 '+5'0#%* $+5 *'4<1)67/ $+5 70& )4155*'4<1)67/
)TQJGT\QINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP FGT 9CEJUCOMGKV QFGT XQO 9GKGP (CNMGP /QFGNN
$TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT #WHNCIGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGTK KO 5EJTKHV TKPI ÒDGT FGO 5VGTP FKG #WHNCIGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OKV XKGT 4WPFMQRHPKGVGP DGHGUVKIV KP FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 6J /ÒNNGT KP 9GKOCT CP 0CFGN $9- (49 -$ 1'- ++ 'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP CO ,WPK -CV 0T #PHGTVKIWPI WO
)GUVKHVGV CO #WIWUV FWTEJ *GT\QI 'TPUV #WIWUV XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT YWTFG GT CO 1MVQDGT CNU FTGKMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP GTPGWGTV WPF GTHQNIVGP 'TYGKVGTWPIGP YWTFG FCU )TQMTGW\ CWHIGVGKNV KP +PUKIPKGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU ITQJGT\QINKEJG *CWU WPF UQNEJG HÒT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVG 9GKVGTG 8GT·PFGTWPIGP GTHQNIVGP WPF
61
SACHSEN
125 (1:1)
)TQÂJGT\QINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP FGT 9CEJUCOMGKV QFGT XQO 9GKÂGP (CNMGP /QFGNN
$TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOVWT OKV 5VGTP CD 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGU *QH ,WYGNKGTU 6 /Ã&#x2019;NNGT KP 9GKOCT CP 0CFGN $9- (49 -$ 1'- ++
126 (1:1)
62
)TQÂJGT\QINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP FGT 9CEJUCOMGKV QFGT XQO 9GKÂGP (CNMGP /QFGNN
-QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÃ&#x2019;T <KXKNRGTUQPGP )QNF VNY HGKPUV \KUGNKGTV GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPI KO (CNMGP CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG KP \YGK -TGW\CTOURKV\GP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPI FGT WPVGTG -TGW\CTO PCEJGOCKNNKGTV CO PGWGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV $9- (49 -$ 1'- ++ ++ +++
SACHSEN
127 (1:1)
)TQJGT\QINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP FGT 9CEJUCOMGKV QFGT XQO 9GKGP (CNMGP /QFGNN
-QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT <KXKNRGTUQPGP )QNF VNY HGKPUV \KUGNKGTV GOCKNNKGTV FCU -TGW\ OKV )QNFRCVKPC WPF GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V OKV GTI·P\VGO $CPFTKPI KP $TQP\G CO CNVGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV $9- (49 -$ 1'- ++
130 128
129
)TQJGT\QINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP FGT 9CEJUCOMGKV QFGT XQO 9GKGP (CNMGP /QFGNN
4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒT <KXKNRGTUQPGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO PGWGP $TWUV DCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- -$ (49 1'- ++
)TQJGT\QINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP FGT 9CEJUCOMGKV QFGT XQO 9GKGP (CNMGP /QFGNN
5KNDGTPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ #WUICDG OKV /QPQITCOO 9' XQP )TQJGT\QI 9KNJGNO 'TPUV 5KNDGT OGJTGTG -TCV\GT CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG CO PGWGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- (49 -$ 1'- ++
#NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN QJPG ,CJTGU\CJN #WUICDG OKV &'/ 8'4 &+'056' #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP 5KNDGT 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT # -4ª)'4 ( KO 4CPF PGDGP FGT ¤UG RWP\KGTV 5+.$'4 WPF CO CNVGP $TWUVDCPF $9- (49 1'- ++
/KV 8GTQTFPWPI XQO ,WPK UVKHVGVG )TQJGT\QI 9KNJGNO 'TPUV WPVGT #WHJGDWPI FGT DKU FCJKP XGTNKGJGPGP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FCU #NNIGOGKPG 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G \WT #PGTMGPPWPI CWUIG- \GKEJPGVGT 8GTFKGPUVG KPUDGUQPFGTG NCPIL·JTKIGT XQTDKNFNKEJGT 2HNKEJVGTHÒNNWPI WPF VTGWGT #TDGKV UQYKG \WT 8GTNGKJWPI CNU <GKEJGP 7PUGTGT 9QJNIGPGKIVJGKV 'U MQPPVG KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP F J OKV XGTUEJKGFG PGP 4ÒEMUGKVGP +PUEJTKHVGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP &'/ 8'4&+'056' (ª4 64'7' &+'056' (ª4 64'7' #4$'+6 WPF HÒT PKEJV UCEJUGP YGKOCTKUEJG 5VCCVUCPIGJÌTKIG OKV FGO 5VKHVGTOQPQITCOO 9' YQDGK FKG GTUVIGPCPPVG #WUHÒJTWPI \WT #PGTMGPPWPI FGU 8GTJCNVGPU XQT FGO (GKPFG OKV GKPGT 5EJYGTVGTURCPIG XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP MQPPVG 1JPG GKPGP DGUQPFGTGP 5VKHVWPIUGTNC YWTFG GU \W $GIKPP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU UQYGKV GU HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG XGTNKGJGP YWTFG FKG OKV FKGUGO -TKGI \WUCOOGPJKPIGP OKV FGT 4ÒEMUGKVGP +PUEJTKHV &'/ 8'4&+'056' XGTNKGJGP +PJCDGT GKPGT PKGFGTGP -NCUUG FGU 'JTGP\GKEJGPU JCVVGP FKGUGU DGK 8GTNGKJWPI GKPGT JÌJGTGP -NCUUG PKEJV \WTÒEM\WIGDGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG -NCUUGP MQPPVGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT IGVTCIGP YGTFGP &CU #NNIGOGKPG 'JTGP\GKEJGP KUV DKU EC XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP 8IN -NGG ,ÒTIGP KP -*- 5 HH WPF 5 HH
63
SACHSEN
131 (1:1)
133 (1:1) 132 (1:1)
#NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN OKV &'/ 8'4&+'056' #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP )QNF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $TWUVDCPF $9- (49 1'- ++
#NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN OKV &'/ 8'4&+'056' #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP )QNF OKV 5EJYGTVGTP -TKGIUOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY XGTICPIGP CP 5EJYGTVGTURCPIG CO UR·VGTGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- C (49 XCT XCT 1'- ++ +++
#NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN OKV &'/ 8'4&+'056' #WUICDG OKV &'/ 8'4&+'056' #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP 5KNDGT 5KNDGT KO 4CPF PGDGP FGT ¤UG RWP\KGTV 5+.$'4 WPF CO UR·VGTGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- (49 1'- ++
135 (1:1) 134 (1:1)
136 (1:1)
137 (1:1)
#NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN OKV &'/ 8'4&+'056' #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP 5KNDGT OKV 5EJYGTVGTP -TKGIUOGVCNN XGTUKNDGTV CP 5EJYGTVGTURCPIG CO UR·VGTGP $TWUV- DCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- C (49 XCT XCT 1'- ++
#NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN OKV &'/ 8'4&+'056' #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP $TQP\G -TKGIUOGVCNN DTQP\KGTV CO UR·VGTGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- (49 XCT XCT 1'- ++
#NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN OKV &'/ 8'4&+'056' #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP $TQP\G OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G CP 5EJYGTVGTURCPIG CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $TWUVDCPF $9- C (49 1'- ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÃ&#x2019;T (TCWGP 0KEJV RTQDGO·ÂKIG UR·VGTG #PHGTVKIWPI =HCMG? GKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGPU FGT + #DVGKNWPI 5KNDGT CP PGWGT &COGPUEJNGKHG ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (·NUEJWPI \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT
64
SACHSEN
138 (1:1)
139 (1:1)
140 (1:1)
,WDKN·WOUOGFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG )QNFGPG *QEJ\GKV )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWTGP 9 7*./#00 5% ) .115 &+4 UKE WPF ) .115 & CO PGWGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- XCT (49 1'- ++
,WDKN·WOUOGFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG )QNFGPG *QEJ\GKV 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWTGP 9 7*./#00 5% ) .115 & UKE WPF ) .115 & CO PGWGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- (49 1'- ++
/GFCKNNG 6TGWGP -TKGIGTP /GFCKNNG KP $TQP\G CO PGWGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- (49 1'- ++ +++
141
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÃ&#x2019;T TÃ&#x2019;JONKEJG 6·VKIMGKV 5KNDGT HGKP IGRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT CO CNVGP NCPIGP UEJOCNGP $CPF $9- (49 1'- ++
142
144 (1:1) 143
-TKGIGTXGTGKPU 'JTGPMTGW\ -TKGIUOGVCNN DTQP\KGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $TWUVDCPF $9- (49 1'- ++
'JTGPMTGW\ HÃ&#x2019;T *GKOCVXGTFKGPUV -TKGIUOGVCNN CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $TWUVDCPF $9- (49 1'- ++
/KNKV·T &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI /QFGNN -NCUUG /GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T +: &KGPUVLCJTG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO PGWGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- (49 1'- ++
65
SACHSEN
145 (1:1)
5 %*5+5%*' *'4<1)6ª/'4 )'/'+05#/
*GT\QINKEJ 5CEJUGP 'TPGUVKPKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT #WHNCIGP )QNF FKG IQNFGPGP 5VTCJNGP IQNFGP -TGW\CTOG UGRCTCV CWHIGUGV\V WPF TÒEMUGKVKI OKV 4WPFMQRHOWVVGTP DGHGUVKIV /GFCKNNQPHGNF \KUGNKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP KO 'KEJGP DNCVVMTCP\ CP 0CFGN $9- -$ 1'- ++ 5GJT SWCNKV·VUXQNNG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO NGV\VGP &TKVVGN FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU KP UGJT IWVGT 'TJCNVWPI
)GUVKHVGV CO &G\GODGT CNU IGOGKPUCOGT \WP·EJUV XKGTMNCUUKIGT *CWUQTFGP OKV CHHKNKKGTVGO 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ WPF 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG XQP (TKGFTKEJ *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI 'TPUV *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI WPF )QVJC WPF $GTPJCTF 'TKEJ (TGWPF *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP /GKPKPIGP KP #PNGJPWPI CP FGP XQP *GT\QI (TKGFTKEJ XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI IGUVKHVGVGP 1TFGP FGT &GWVUEJGP 4GFNKEJMGKV (ÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KO -TKGI GTHQNIVG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI OKV IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP GTHQNIVG GKPG 8GTGKPJGKVNKEJWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP W C FWTEJ FKG 'PVHGTPWPI FGT /QPQITCOOG FGT XGTNGKJGPFGP *GT\ÌIG CWH FGO QDGTGP -TGW\CTO FKG 7PVGTVGKNWPI FGT 4KVVGT KP WPF -NCUUG WPF FKG 5VKHVWPI FGT )QNFGPGP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG UQYKG FGT 1TFGPUMGVVG /QFGNN YWTFGP FKG +PUKIPKGP OKV ,CJTGU\CJNGP IGUVKHVGV WPF FKG $CPFURCPIGP OKV WPF QJPG 5EJYGTVGT HÒT FKG )QNFGPGP WPF 5KNDGTPGP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNGP $KU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG ICD GU +PUKIPKGP OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KP \YGK #WUHÒJTWPIGP OKV TÌOKUEJGP IGTCFGP WPF OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP IGUEJYWPIG PGP 2CTKGTUVCPIGP FGT 5EJYGTVGT +P #.6'0$ UVGJV JKGT\W CWH 5 $KU \WO JGWVKIGP 6CI KUV FKG 7TUCEJG HÒT FKG 7TUCEJGP FGT 5EJYGTVGTUVÒEMG OKV IGTCFGP 2CTKGTUVCPIGP QFGT IGUEJYWPIGPGP 2CTKGTUVCPIGP PKEJV GKPFGWVKI IGMN·TV <WO 6GKN YKTF FKG /GKPWPI XGTVTGVGP FC IGUEJYWPIGPG 2CTKGTUVCPIGP #NVGPDWTIGT 8GTNGKJWPIGP WPF IGTCFG 2CTKGTUVCPIGP )QVJCGT D\Y /GKPKPIGT 8GTNGKJWPIGP UKPF &KGU N·V UKEJ YGFGT FWTEJ #MVGP PQEJ .KVGTCVWT DGNGIGP QDYQJN DKUJGT CWHIGVCWEJVG \YGKHGNUHTGKG #NVGPDWTI 5VÒEMG FGU 5 ' * 1 KOOGT OKV IGUEJYWPIGPGP 2CTKGTUVCPIGP XGTUGJGP YCTGP &KGU IKNV HÒT CNNG 5VWHGP XQO 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP DKU \WO )TQMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #WEJ PCEJ FGO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG XGTNKGJ *GT\QI %CTN 'FWCTF XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI WPF )QVJC FGP 1TFGP DKU YGKVGT +P FKGUGO ,CJT UVKHVGVG GT PQEJ FKG 5EJYGTVGT CO 4KPI \W CNNGP -NCUUGP /KV 4GKEJUXGTQTFPWPI XQO 0QXGODGT YWTFGP FKG 8GTNGKJWPIGP HÒT CDIGUEJNQUUGP GTMN·TV &KG 8GTNGKJWPIGP KP 5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI WPF 5CEJUGP /GKPWPIGP YCTGP UEJQP OKV FGO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG KP FKGUGP 5VCCVGP KO ,CJTG GKPIGUVGNNV YQTFGP
146
66
*GT\QINKEJ 5CEJUGP 'TPGUVKPKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOVWTMTGW\ OKV 5VGTP 5KNDGT #WHNCIGP )QNF /GFCKNNQP \KUGNKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $9- -$ 1'- + ++ 5GJT SWCNKV·VUXQNNG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO NGV\VGP &TKVVGN FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 'TJCNVWPI
SACHSEN
147 (1:1)
*GT\QINKEJ 5CEJUGP 'TPGUVKPKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN -QOVWTMTGW\ )QNF /GFCKN- NQPHGNF \KUGNKGTV GOCKNNKGTV OKP )QNFRCVKPC QJPG *CNUDCPF $9- -$ 1'- ++
150 148
149
*GT\QINKEJ 5CEJUGP 'TPGUVKPKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF VNY HGKPUV \KUGNKGTV WPF ITCXKGTV GOCKNNKGTV QDGTHN·EJNKEJGT 'OCKNNGEJKR CWH FGT 4ÒEM- UGKVG FGU TGEJVGP -TGW\CTOU CO PGWGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- -$ QFGT 1'- ++
*GT\QINKEJ 5CEJUGP 'TPGUVKPKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP WPF 'KEJGPNCWDMTCP\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV UQIGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP IGUEJYWPIGPGP 2CTKGT UVCPIGP FGT 5EJYGTVGT 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO PGWGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV $9- -$ 1'- ++
*GT\QINKEJ 5CEJUGP 'TPGUVKPKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP /QFGNN 5KNDGTPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ #WUICDG OKV IGMÌTPVGP #TOGP /GFCKNNQPU UGRCTCV IGRT·IV PWT KP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI WPF )QVJC 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $TWUVDCPF $9- -$ 1'- ++
67
WALDECK UND PYRMONT
151
&TGK CNVG 2JQVQITCRJKGP GKPGU VJÒTKPIKUEJ ! DCFKUEJ ! RTGWKUEJGP )GPGTCNU +P WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGO #NVGT LGFQEJ CNNG PCEJ CWHIGPQOOGP KP XQNNGO XQP $KNF \W $KNF CPYCEJUGPFGP 1TFGPU UEJOWEM OKV RTGWKUEJ DCFKUEJGT 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG 4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP WPF -TQPGP 1TFGP LGYGKNU -NCUUG UQYKG CWH CNNGP FTGK $KNFGTP -QOVWTMTGW\ OKV 5VGTP FGU 5CEJUGP 'TPGUVKPKUEJGP *CWUQTFGPU ,GYGKNU CWH -CTVQP CWHIG\QIGP 5VÒEM ++
2JCNGTKUVKUEJ KPVGTGUUCPVG 2JQVQUGTKG FKG FCU #PYCEJUGP FGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP FGWVNKEJ FQMWOGPVKGTV 7PVGT -CV 0T YKTF FKG ITQG (GNFUEJPCNNG FGU )GPGTCNU CPIGDQVGP
9GKVGTG U·EJUKUEJG 1TFGP WPF GKPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF KO 0CEJNCUU 9KNNKCO $CNEM
152
ex 153
155 154
5%*9#4<$74) 510&'45*#75'0 (ª456'067/ $+5
(ÒTUVNKEJ 5EJYCT\DWTIKUEJGU 'JTGPMTGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO PGWGP UEJOCNGP $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV 1'- ++
-QPXQNWV XQP 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF #D\GKEJGP VJÒTKPIKUEJGT 5VCCVGP 7 C CWU 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT 5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI 5CEJUGP %QDWTI WPF )QVJC 5CEJUGP /GKPKPIGP WPF 5EJYCT\DWTI 1TKIKPCNG WPF -QRKGP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ 'KPGP YGKVGTGP 1TFGP WPF GKPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CWU 5EJYCT\DWTI 5QPFGTUJCWUGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF KO 0CEJNCUU 9KNNKCO $CNEM
9#.&'%- 70& 2;4/106 8'4'+0+)6'5 5'+6 (ª456'067/ $+5
(ÒTUVNKEJ 9CNFGEMKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /QFGNN PKEJV RTQDGO·KIG #PHGTVKIWPI =HCMG? GKPGU -TGW\GU -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG *CNUDCPF ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (CPVCUKGUEJÌRHWPI \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT FKG KP FKGUGT (QTO KO 1TKIKPCN ÒDGTJCWRV PKEJV GZKUVKGTV JCV
(ÒTUVNKEJ 9CNFGEMKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP D\Y (ÒTUVNKEJ 9CNFGEMKUEJGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 0KEJV RTQDGO·KIG #PHGTVKIWPI =HCMG? GKPGU -TGW\GU -NCUUG FGU /QFGNNU D\Y -NCUUG FGU /QFGNNU 5KNDGTIW VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 5EJCFGP KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG CO $TWUVDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++ 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVG (·NUEJWPI \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT
'KPGP YGKVGTGP 1TFGP CWU 9CNFGEM HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T KO 0CEJNCUU 9KNNKCO $CNEM 68
WÜRTTEMBERG
156 (1:1)
9'562*#.'0 -¤0+)4'+%*
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 9GUVRJCNGP =1TFTG FG NC %QWTQPPG FG 9GUVRJCNKG? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV JQTK\QPVCN CPIGDTCEJVGO $CPFTKPI Z OO -TQPG OO FKEM )QNF VNY HGKPUV \KUGNKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV I GKPG MNGKPG 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPI KO -TQPTGKH CP DGUVKOOVGP 5VGNNGP
\ $ $TWUVHGFGTP FGU #FNGTU (GFGTURKV\GP FGT LGYGKNU TGEJVGP (NÒIGNUGKVG 4·PFGT FGU UVKTPUGKVKIGP -TGW\DNCVVGU FGT -TQPG VTCIGDGFKPIV DGTKGDGP QJPG $CPF 444 ++ 'ZGORNCT CWU GKPGT CNVGP DGFGWVGPFGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2TKXCVUCOONWPI 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ \YGKHGNUHTGK WO GKP IGVTCIGPGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT KP GKPGT YQJN HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #PHGTVKIWPI XQP ÒDGTTCIGPFGT 3WCNKV·V \YKUEJGP WPF KP HÒT UGKP #NVGT JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 'TJCNVWPI
158 157
9ª466'/$'4) *'4<1)67/ $+5 -74(ª456'067/ 70& -¤0+)4'+%*
1TFGP FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGP -TQPG 0KEJV RTQDGO·KIG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP PCEJ UQIGP 4QVJG (GTVKIWPI GKPGU $TWUVUVGTPU \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT TGRGTEKGTV VNY ITCXKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 4QVJG ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG 0CEJHGTVKIWPI PCEJ FC QJPG 5KNDGTRWP\GP \WT 8GTYGPFWPI CNU 'TUCV\ GZGORNCT QFGT \W 5COONGT\YGEMGP
-ÌPKINKEJ 9ÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGT (TKGFTKEJU 1TFGP /QFGNN OGJTMNCUUKI 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG \YGKVG XQNWOKPÌUGTG #WUHÒJTWPI #PHGTVKIWPI FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP /ÒP\COVU KP 5VWVVICTV \YKUEJGP WPF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO GTI·P\VGP 5RTKPITKPI QJPG $CPF 1'- 4 ++
.CWV -NGKP WPF 4CHH KP 5/- 5 YWTFGP KP FGP ,CJTGP DKU KPUIGUCOV PWT 4KVVGTMTGW\G -NCUUG KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV XQP FGT 5VWVVICTVGT /ÒP\G JGTIGUVGNNV YQOKV FGWVNKEJ YKTF FC FKG 5VÒEMG KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV GTJGDNKEJ UGNVGPGT UKPF CNU FKG GEJV IQNFGPGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP
'KPGP YGKVGTGP 1TFGP CWU 9ÒTVVGODGTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T KO 0CEJNCUU 9KNNKCO $CNEM 69
DEUTSCHES KAISERREICH
159
*'+.+)'5 4¤/+5%*'5 4'+%* &'765%*'4 0#6+10 $+5
1TFGPU -CRKVGN XQP 5V ,QCEJKO FGO IGDGPGFGKVGP 8CVGT FGT JGKNKIGP ,WPIHTCW /CTKC FGT /WVVGT WPUGTGU *GTTP WPF *GKNCPFGU ,GUWU %JTKUVWU XWNIQ 5V ,QCEJKOU 1TFGP /QFGTPG 5COONGT CPHGTVKIWPI GKPGU $TWUVUVGTPU FGT )TQMTGW\JGTTGP =EQR[? #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQP )QNF OGJTVGKNKI GOCKNNKGTV FKG -TGW\URKV\GP OKV CEJV $GHGUVKIWPIUÌUGP ++ *GTXQTTCIGPFG 'TUCV\CPHGTVKIWPI FKGUGU KO 1TKIKPCN PCJG\W PKEJV DGUEJCHHDCTGP 1TFGPUUVGTPU
&GT 1TFGP YWTFG CNU 1TFGP FGU JN ,QPCVJCP CO ,WPK XQP %JTKUVKCP (TCP\ 2TKP\ XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI 5CCNHGNF -CTN %JTKUVKCP 'TFOCPP *GT\QI XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI 1GNU 1MVCXKWU ++ #GPGCU ,QUGRJ 4GKEJUHÒTUV 2KEEQNQOKPK 2KGTK WPF #TCICPC \W 0CEJÉF *GT\QI XQP #OCNHK ! WPF YGKVGTGP #PIGJÌTKIGP FGU #FGNU FGU *GKNKIGP 4ÌOKUEJGP 4GKEJGU &GWVUEJGT 0CVKQP CNU DGYWV ÌMWOGPKUEJ CWUIGTKEJVGVG YGNVNKEJG #FGNUMQTRQTCVKQP IGITÒPFGV 'T YKTF H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG UVGVU CNU *CWUQTFGP FGT JGT\QINKEJGP (COKNKG QFGT FGU *GT\QIVWOU 5CEJUGP %QDWTI 5CCNHGNF DG\GKEJPGV YGKN FGT TCPIJÌEJUVG )TÒPFGT GDGP 4GIGPV FKGUGU *GT\QIVWOU YCT 8QP DKU 1TFGP \WT 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT 'JTG FGT )ÌVVNKEJGP 8QTJGTUGJWPI IGPCPPV JCV GT FKG $G\GKEJPWPI 1TFGPU -CRKVGN XQP 5V ,QCEJKO FGO IGDGPGFGKVGP 8CVGT FGT JGKNKIGP ,WPIHTCW /CTKC FGT /WVVGT WPUGTGU *GTTP WPF *GKNCPFGU ,GUWU %JTKUVWU XWNIQ 5V ,QCEJKOU 1TFGP GTJCNVGP YWTFG GT XQP -CKUGT .GQRQNF ++ DGUV·VKIV WPF KO GTUVGP 8KGTVGN FGU 0GWP\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU KUV GT GTNQUEJGP
$GTÒJOVGUVGU /KVINKGF FGU 1TFGPU YCT FGT DTKVKUEJG 4GCT #FOKTCN *QTCVKQ 0GNUQP 8KUEQWPV 0GNUQP UK\KNKCPKUEJGT *GT\QI XQP $TQPVG OGJTHCEJG 5KGIGT ÒDGT FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG (NQVVG #DWMKT WPF 6TCHCNICT FGT FWTEJ $GUEJNW FGU )GPGTCNUMCRKVGNU XQO 5GRVGODGT CNU -QOVWT KP FGP 1TFGP CWHIGPQOOGP YWTFG WPF FGUUGP $TWUVUVGTP CWH \CJNTGKEJGP UGKPGT 2QTVTCKVU UQYKG CWH UGKPGT GTJCNVGPGP 1TKIKPCNWPKHQTO \W UGJGP KUV
&'765%*'5 -#+5'4 4'+%*
%JKPC &GPMOÒP\G #WUICDG HÒT -·ORHGT $TQP\G QJPG $CPFTKPI WPF QJPG $CPF 0/ 1'- ++
ex 161
162
ex 163
-QPXQNWV FGT %JKPC FGT 5ÒFYGUVCHTKMC WPF FGT -QNQPKCN &GPMOÒP\G 1TKIKPCNG WPF <YGKVCPHGTVK- IWPIGP =VC[NQT U EQRKGU? FGT /GFCKNNGP HÒT -·ORHGT CP PGWGP $·PFGTP \WUCOOGP OKV XKGT PGWGP )G- HGEJVUURCPIGP =HCMGU? &C\W GKPG /KPKCVWT FGT %JKPC &GPMOÒP\G CO $·PFEJGP 5VÒEM ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KNKV·T (NWI\GWIHÒJTGT #NVG <YGKVCPHGTVKIWPI FGU #D\GKEJGPU =VC[NQT U EQR[? 'KUGP- DNGEJ JQJN IGRT·IV WPF XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN ++
8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP HÒT FCU *GGT 8QNNUV·PFKIGT 5CV\ FGU )QNFGPGP 5KNDGTPGP WPF 5EJYCT\GP #D\GKEJGPU LGYGKNU 'KUGP XGTIQNFGV PCEJXGTIQNFGV! XGTUKNDGTV QFGT NCEMKGTV FKG DGKFGP GTUVGP OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI & 4 ) / WPVGTJCND FGU 0CFGNJCMGPU LGYGKNU CP 0CFGN 0/ C D E 1'- 5VÒEM ++
70
DEUTSCHES KAISERREICH
ex 164
166
165
8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP HÒT FCU *GGT 8QNNUV·PFKIGT 5CV\ FGU )QNFGPGP 5KNDGTPGP WPF 5EJYCT\GP #D\GKEJGPU KP FGT FWTEJDTQEJGPGP #WUHÒJTWPI /GUUKPIDNGEJ XGTIQNFGV D\Y XGTUKNDGTV 'KUGPDNGEJ DTQP\KGTV LGYGKNU CP 0CFGN 0/ C D E 1'- 5VÒEM ++
8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP HÒT FKG /CTKPG #D\GKEJGP KP 5EJYCT\ /GUUKPIDNGEJ NCEMKGTV .CEMKG TWPI VNY XGTICPIGP CP 0CFGN 0/ C 1'- ++
/GFCKNNG *KNHG HÒT &GWVUEJG -TKGIUIGHCPIGPG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV $CPFTCJG ++
ex 168 167 (1:2)
ex 169
'KP\GNPG 'RCWNGVVG GKPGU 1DGTUVGP FGU -ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGP )TGPCFKGT 4GIKOGPV 0T -CK- UGT 9KNJGNO -ÌPKI XQP 2TGWGP )GVTCIGP LGFQEJ KP QTFGPVNKEJGO <WUVCPF ++
-QPXQNWV XQP \YGK GKP\GNPGP 5VCDUQHHK\KGTU 5EJWNVGTUVÒEMGP 5EJWNVGTUVÒEM GKPGU 1DGTUVGP YQJN FGU 1UVRTGWKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPVU 0T *GT\QI -CTN XQP /GEMNGPDWTI 5VTGNKV\ LGFQEJ OKV TQVGT 7PVGTNCIG 5EJWNVGTUVÒEM GKPGU 1DGTUVNGWVPCPVU FGU 1UVRTGWKUEJGP )TGPCFKGT 4GIKOGPVU 0T -TQPRTKP\ )GVTCIGP LGFQEJ KP QTFGPVNKEJGO <WUVCPF 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP HÒPH GKP\GNPGP 1HHK\KGTU 5EJWNVGTUVÒEMGP 5EJWNVGTUVÒEM GKPGU 1DGTNGWVPCPVU YQJN FGU 1UVRTGWKUEJGP )TGPCFKGT 4GIKOGPVU 0T -TQPRTKP\ LGFQEJ OKV TQVGT 7PVGTNCIG 5EJWNVGT UVÒEM GKPGU 1DGTNGWVPCPVU FGU 6JÒTKPIKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPVU 0T 5EJNCWHG DGJGNHUO·KI GTI·P\V 5EJWNVGTUVÒEM GKPGU 1DGTNGWVPCPVU FGU )TQJGT\QINKEJ /GEMNGPDWTIKUEJGP (ÒUKNKGT 4GIKOGPVU 0T -CKUGT 9KNJGNO 5EJWNVGTUVÒEM GKPGU *CWRVOCPPU GKPGU 4GIKOGPVU 5EJWNVGTUVÒEM GKPGU RTGWKUEJGP 5VCDUCT\VGU )GVTCIGP LGFQEJ KP QTFGPVNKEJGO <WUVCPF 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++
-QPXQNWV XQP \YGK GKP\GNPGP /CPPUEJCHVU 5EJWNVGTMNCRRGP -ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGU (GNFCTVKNNGTKG 4GIKOGPV 0T -ÌPKINKEJ 5·EJUKUEJGU +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPVU 0T )GVTCIGP LGFQEJ KP QT- FGPVNKEJGO <WUVCPF 5VÒEM ++
71
WEIMARER REPUBLIK
&'765%*'5 4'+%* 51)'0 9'+/#4'4 4'27$.+-
173 171
174
176
175
172
5EJNGUKUEJGU $GY·JTWPIUCD\GKEJGP UQIGP 5EJNGUKUEJGT #FNGT #D\GKEJGP 5VWHG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV UGRCTCV IGRT·IVGO /QPF WPF 5EJTKHVDCPF FKGUG OKV -NCOOGTP DGHGUVKIV $TQP\G 8GTUKNDGTWPI PCJG\W XQNNUV·PFKI XGTICPIGP CP 0CFGN 1'- +++
$CNVGPMTGW\ FGU $CNVKUEJGP 0CVKQPCN #WUUEJWUUGU 5VGEMMTGW\ HNCEJG #WUHÒJTWPI $TQP\G 8GTUKNDG- TWPI HCUV XQNNUV·PFKI XGTICPIGP #WHNCIG OKV *QJNPKGVGP DGHGUVKIV CP 0CFGN 0/ 1'- ++
(4'+-1425
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT $CNVKUEJGP .CPFYGJT 'JTGP\GKEJGP QJPG 5EJYGTV 4GFWMVKQP &WTEJOGUUGT OO $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG 44 ++
8GTFKGPUVCD\GKEJGP FGT ++ /CTKPGDTKICFG 9KNJGNOUJCXGP /CTKPGDTKICFG 'JTJCTFV Z OO XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN 0/ C 1'- ++
51.&#6'0 70& 8'6'4#0'08'4$ 0&'
&GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 5VCJNJGNO $WPF FGT (TQPVUQNFCVGP 'KPVTKVVUCD\GKEJGP 6QODCM XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG )TCXWT 8+ 0Q CP 0CFGN 0/ E 1'- ++
&GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 5VCJNJGNO $WPF FGT (TQPVUQNFCVGP 'KPVTKVVUCD\GKEJGP XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKN- NKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG )TCXWT 8+ 0Q WPF 2WP\G # CP 0CFGN 0/ F 1'- ++
177
178
ex 179
181 180
&GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 5VCJNJGNO $WPF FGT (TQPVUQNFCVGP 'KPVTKVVUCD\GKEJGP XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKN- NKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG )TCXWT 8+ 0Q CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV 2WP\G # 0/ K 1'- ++
&GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 5VCJNJGNO $WPF FGT (TQPVUQNFCVGP 'KPVTKVVUCD\GKEJGP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 5KNDGTRWP\G WPF )TCXWT 8+ 05 CP 0CFGN 0/ Q 1'- ++
&GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 5VCJNJGNO (TCWGPDWPF /KVINKGFUCD\GKEJGP WPF #WUHÒJTWPI LGYGKNU XGTUKN DGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGNP *' C D 5VÒEM ++
&GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPDWPF FGWVUEJGT 9GNVMTKGIUVGKNPGJOGT G 8 -TKGIUGJTGPMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGT VGTP $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF 0/ 0/8 ++
&GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ $WPF GJGOCNKIGT 9GUVHQPVM·ORHGT G 8 9GUVHTQPV 'JTGPMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN 0/ 0/8 ++
72
WEIMARER REPUBLIK
182
186
184
185
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGU 5VGEMMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN
-QPXQNWV XQP UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIGP XQP 5QNFCVGPXGTD·PFGP +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU XGTIQN- FGV CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUV QFGT $QIGPD·PFGTP VGKNU OKV #WHNCIGP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP &C\W FTGK /KV- INKGFU #D\GKEJGP FGU 5VCJNJGNO 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
#PJCNV 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUV KO -TKGIGTXGTGKPUYGUGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKN- DGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP $QIGPDCPF 0/ D 0/8 ++
$CFGP $WPF $CFKUEJGT (TQPVUQNFCVGP KO &GWVUEJGP -TKGIGTDWPF G 8 $CFKUEJGU (GNF 'JTGP\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP $TWUVDCPF FGT (GNF FKGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI 0/ C 0/8 ++
*CODWTI &GWVUEJG (GNF 'JTGP\GKEJGP G 8 (GNF 'JTGP\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC (NGEM 5QJP KP *CODWTI WPF 5EJWV\CPICDG CP &TCJV 0CFGN 0/ 0/8 ++
++
'ZGORNCT KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 'TJCNVWPI
ex 187
189
190
191
192
1NFGPDWTI 1NFGPDWTIGT -TKGIGTDWPF D\Y .CPFGU -TKGIGTXGTDCPF -QPXQNWV XQP EC XGTUEJKG- FGPGP #D\GKEJGP 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG #TODKPFGP WPF -TCP\UEJNGKHG VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU CP 0CFGN OKV 2JQVQMQRKGP XQP 5CV\WPI GVE 0-8 WPF 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
1NFGPDWTI 1NFGPDWTIGT 5EJÃ&#x2019;V\GPDWPF -QPXQNWV XQP )QNFGPGP WPF 5KNDGTPGP 'JTGPPCFGNP XQP $G\KTMUOGKUVGTUEJCHVGP XGTIQNFGV QFGT XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN &C\W -QRRGNUEJNQÂ OKV 1NFGPDWTIGT 9CRRGP #NWOKPKWO WPF /Ã&#x2019;V\GPMTCP\ OKV 1NFGPDWTIGT -QMCTFG 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
2TGWÂGP 2TGWÂKUEJGT .CPFGUMTKGIGTXGTDCPF -TKGIGTXGTGKPU 'JTGPMTGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG #WU HÃ&#x2019;JTWPI GOCKNNKGTV $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC * 6KOO KP $GTNKP CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\ DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK 0/ D 0-8 ++
2TGWÂGP 2TGWÂKUEJGT .CPFGUMTKGIGTXGTDCPF -TKGIGTXGTGKPU 'JTGPMTGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG #WUHÃ&#x2019;J TWPI HÃ&#x2019;T (TCWGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV KP FGT ¤UG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC * 6KOO KP $GTNKP CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP &COGPUEJNGKHG 0/ E 0-8 XCT ++
+P FGT 6TCIGYGKUG HÃ&#x2019;T (TCWGP XQP ITQÂGT 5GNVGPJGKV
2TGWÂGP 8GTGKPKIWPI 2TGWÂKUEJGT -TKGIUVGKNPGJOGT KO &GWVUEJGP -TKGIGTDWPF G 8 2TGWÂKUEJGU -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ HÃ&#x2019;T -·ORHGT 5KNDGTPG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGT IQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP $CPF 0/ E 0/8 ++
2TGWÂGP 8GTGKPKIWPI 2TGWÂKUEJGT -TKGIUVGKNPGJOGT KO &GWVUEJGP -TKGIGTDWPF G 8 2TGWÂKUEJGU 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI -TCP\ OKV FWTEJDTQEJGPGT 5EJNGKHG -TGW\ UKNDGTHCTDGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN 0/ C ++
73
WEIMARER REPUBLIK
194
193
197 ex 195
196
2TGWGP 5EJNGUKGP 0CVKQPCNCWUUEJW &GWVUEJGT 8QNMUQTFGP G 8 &GWVUEJ $GMGPPVPKUMTGW\ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI KP (QTO GKPGU )GQTIU -TGW\GU $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 4GRCTCVWT KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG CO UR·VGTGP $CPFCDUEJPKVV 0/ D 0/8 ++
.CPIGPOCTEM -TGW\ FGU 4GUGTXG -TQRRU )TÒPGU -QTRU -ÌNP 8GTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN 0/ C 0/8 ++
5CEJUGP 5·EJUKUEJGT /KNKV·T 8GTGKPU $WPF 'JTGPMTGW\ HÒT L·JTKIG /KVINKGFUEJCHV #WUHÒJTWPI OKV 5 / 8 $ CD $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GT UVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC )NCUGT 5QJP KP &TGUFGP CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG OKV CWHIGNGIVGT KO -TCP\ CP 0CFGN 0/8 QFGT &C\W #D\GKEJGP FGU 5·EJUKUEJGP /KNKV·T 8GTGKPU 5EJÌPDCEJ XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG ++
5CEJUGP $WPF 5·EJUKUEJGT (TQPVUQNFCVGP KO &GWVUEJGP -TKGIGTDWPF G 8 5·EJUKUEJGU -TKGIU 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV GOCKNNKGTVGT 4ÒEMUGKVG CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP $CPF 0/ H 0/8 ++
5CEJUGP 'JTGPDWPF 5·EJUKUEJGT 9GNVMTKGIU 6GKNPGJOGT G 8 %JGOPKV\ )QNFGPGU 'JTGPMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO PGWGP LGFQEJ MQTTGMVGP $CPF 0/ D 0-8 ++
198
74
199
200
5CEJUGP 'JTGPDWPF 5·EJUKUEJGT 9GNVMTKGIU 6GKNPGJOGT G 8 -COGTCFUEJCHVUDWPF &GWVUEJGT 1UV WPF 9GUVHTQPV -·ORHGT G 8 %JGOPKV\ 8GTFWP -TGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV GKPIG UEJPKVVGPGP -TGW\CTOGPFGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC (NGEM 5QJP KP *CODWTI CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 5EJYGTVGTP 0/ C 0-8 ++
5CEJUGP 'JTGPDWPF 5·EJUKUEJGT 9GNVMTKGIU 6GKNPGJOGT G 8 -COGTCFUEJCHVUDWPF &GWVUEJGT 1UV WPF 9GUVHTQPV -·ORHGT G 8 %JGOPKV\ #TIQPPGP -TGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC (NGEM 5QJP KP *CODWTI CO PGWGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 5EJYGTVGTP 0/ D 0-8 ++
5CEJUGP 'JTGPDWPF 5·EJUKUEJGT 9GNVMTKGIU 6GKNPGJOGT G 8 -COGTCFUEJCHVUDWPF &GWVUEJGT 1UV WPF 9GUVHTQPV -·ORHGT G 8 %JGOPKV\ 5QOOG -TGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV GKPIG UEJPKVVGPGP -TGW\CTOGPFGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC (NGEM 5QJP KP *CODWTI WPF 5EJWV\CPICDG CO CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 5EJYGTVGTP 0/ E 0-8 ++
DANZIG
203
ex 202
204
201
5CEJUGP 'JTGPDWPF 5·EJUKUEJGT 9GNVMTKGIU 6GKNPGJOGT G 8 -COGTCFUEJCHVUDWPF &GWVUEJGT 1UV WPF 9GUVHTQPV -·ORHGT G 8 %JGOPKV\ %JCORCIPG -TGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV TWPFGP -TGW\CTOGPFGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC (NGEM 5QJP KP *CODWTI WPF 5EJWV\CPICDG CO CNVGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 5EJYGTVGTP 0/ F 0-8 ++
5CEJUGP -QPXQNWV XQP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP WPF #D\GKEJGP FGU 5·EJUKUEJGP .CPFGUMTKGIGTXGTDCPFGU WPF CPFGTGT 8GTD·PFG GVE +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP $·PFGTP QFGT OKV 0CFGN KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KO -TKGIGTXGTGKPUYGUGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV GOCKN- NKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC *EJ 6KOO KP $GTNKP CO OÌINKEJGTYGKUG PKEJV MQTTGMVGP $TWUVDCPF 0-8 44 ++
5CEJUGP 9GKOCT 9GKOCTKUEJGT -TKGIGT WPF /KNKV·TXGTGKPUDWPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGF UEJCHV 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFULCJTG ITÌGT #WUHÒJTWPI $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 4 %QPTCF KP 9GKOCT CP 0CFGN 0-8 ++
207
ex 205 206
24'755'0 (4'+56##6 70& 4'27$.+-
(GWGTYGJT 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU 2TGWKUEJGP .CPFGUHGWGTYGJTXGTDCPFGU HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU (GW- GTNÌUEJYGUGP /QFGNN )QNFGPGU WPF 5KNDGTPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT WPF HÒT &KGPUV- LCJTG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV D\Y XGTUKNDGTV LGYGKNU VNY GOCKNNKGTV LGYGKNU CP 5EJPCNNG OKV $QIGPDCPF '( 5VÒEM ++
6*ª4+0)'0 .#0&
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU 6JÒTKPIKUEJGP .CPFGUXGTGKPU XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ 8GTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP MWT\GP $CPF 5/6 ++
&#0<+) (4'+' 56#&6 7PVGT -CV 0T DKGVGP YKT +JPGP GKPG ITQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV GKPGO &CP\KIGT -TGW\ -NCUUG CP
(NCM 'TKPPGTWPIUCD\GKEJGP FGT 5VCFV &CP\KI *QJN IGRT·IV XGTUKNDGTV DTQUEJKGTV OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG- \GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5WORH W 5QJP KP &CP\KI 0/ 1'- 44 ++ 75
NACHLASS HERMANN BALCK
&'765%*'5 4'+%* 51)'0 &4+66'5 4'+%* 5QNCPIG UKEJ -WPFG WPF 8GTM·WHGT PKEJV IGIGPVGKNKI ·WGTP XGTUKEJGTP UKG FC UKG )GIGPUV·PFG WPF $ÒEJGT CWU FGT <GKV FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU XQP DKU PWT \W <YGEMGP FGT UVCCVUDÒTIGTNKEJGP #WHMN·TWPI FGT #DYGJT XGTHCUUWPIUYKFTKIGT $GUVTGDWPIGP FGT -WPUV QFGT FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHV FGT (QTUEJWPI QFGT FGT .GJTG FGT $GTKEJVGTUVCVVWPI ÒDGT 8QTI·PIG FGU <GKV IGUEJGJGPU QFGT FGT )GUEJKEJVG QFGT ·JPNKEJGP <YGEMGP GTYGTDGP &KGUG )GIGPUV·PFG WPF $ÒEJGT YGTFGP ITWPFU·V\NKEJ PWT WPVGT FKGUGP 8QTCWUUGV\WPIGP CPIGDQVGP WPF CDIGIGDGP 5QOKV UVGNNV FGT 'TYGTD XQP )GIGPUV·PFGP WPF $ÒEJGTP CWU FKGUGT <GKV WPVGT FGP QDGP CWH IGHÒJTVGP 8QTCWUUGV\WPIGP IGO· FGT hh C #DU D\Y #DU 5V)$ MGKPGP 5VTCHVCVDGUVCPF KO 5KPPG FGU h C #DU 5V)$ FCT 7PVGT FKGUGP 7OUV·PFGP KUV GU CNUQ ITWPFU·V\NKEJ GTNCWDV 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FKG KP h #DU )GUGV\ ÒDGT 6KVGN 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP PKEJV CWHIGHÒJTV UKPF UQYKG #D\GKEJGP OKV PCVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUVKUEJGP 'ODNGOGP \W XGTMCWHGP WPF \W GTYGTDGP WPF FKGU GPVIGIGP FGP $GUVKOOWPIGP FGU h #DU )GUGV\ ÒDGT 6KVGN 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP &GUJCND JCV FGT $WPFGUOKPKUVGT FGT ,WUVK\ OKV 5EJTGKDGP ++ XQO FGO UGKPGT\GKVKIGP 8QTUKV\GPFGP FGU $WPFGU FGWVUEJGT 1TFGPUUCOONGT G 8 CWUFTÒEMNKEJ GTMN·TV FC FGT 'TYGTD XQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CWU FGT <GKV FGU UQIGPCPPVGP &TKVVGP 4GKEJGU FWTEJ GTPUVJCHVG WPF QTICPKUKGTVG 5COONGT OKV FGO <KGN FKGUGP )GIGPUVCPF KP GKPG 5COONWPI GKP\WHÒIGP MGKPGP 5VTCHVCVDGUVCPF KO 5KPPG FGU )GUGV\GU FCTUVGNNV 9KT YGKUGP FCTCWH JKP FCUU KP FKGUGO -CVCNQI FCU *CMGPMTGW\ CNU 5[ODQN FGU 0CVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUOWU WPMGPPVNKEJ IGOCEJV YWTFG
0#%*.#55 &'5 )'0'4#.5 &'4 2#0<'464722' *'4/#00 $#.%-
9KT HTGWGP WPU FCUU YKT +JPGP KP FKGUGO -CVCNQI PKEJV PWT FGP 1TFGP WPF 7TMWPFGP 0CEJNCUU FGU RTGWKUEJGP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPVU 9KNNKCO $CNEM .QUPWOOGTP UQPFGTP CWEJ GKPGP 6GKN FGU #WU\GKEJPWPIU WPF &QMWOGPVGPPCEJNCUUGU UGKPGU 5QJPGU *GTOCPP $CNEM )GPGTCN FGT 2CP\GTVTWRRG WPF $TKNNCPVGPVT·IGT CPDKGVGP MÌPPGP
&KG KP FGP HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIPWOOGTP 0TP CP IGDQVGPGP 5VÒEMG FGU 0CEJNCUUGU UVCOOGP CNNG FKTGMV CWU FGT (COKNKG FGU 6T·IGTU WPF YWTFGP PKEJV CPFGTYGKVKI GTI·P\V
)GQTI 1VVQ *GTOCPP $CNEM YWTFG CO &G\GODGT KP &CP\KI .CPIHWJT CNU GKP\KIGT 5QJP FGU RTGWKUEJGP *CWRVOCPPU WPF .GJTGTU CP FGT -TKGIUUEJWNG KP &CP\KI WPF UR·VGTGP )GPGTCN NGWVPCPVU WPF 2QWT NG O¾TKVG 6T·IGTU 9KNNKCO $CNEM WPF FGUUGP 'JGHTCW /CVJKNFG IGD ,GPUGP IGDQTGP
0CEJ UGKPGO #DKVWT VTCV GT CNU (CJPGPLWPMGT KP FCU *CPPQXGTUEJG ,·IGT $CVCKNNQP 0T KP )QUNCT GKP &KG YGKVGTGP 5EJTKVVG UGKPGT OKNKV·TKUEJGP -CTTKGTG (·JPTKEJ #WIWUV .GWVPCPV WPF UVGNNX $CVCKNNQPU #FLWVCPV -QORCPKGHÒJTGT FCPP (ÒJTGT FGU ,CIFMQOOCPFQU $CNEM FGT -CXCNNGTKG &KXKUKQP (ÒJTGT GKPGT /) -QORCPKG (ÒJTGT FGT -QORCPKG FGU ,·IGT $CVCKNNQPU
0CEJ #WUDTWEJ FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU JCV GT CO (GNF\WI KP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF $GNIKGP VGKNIGPQOOGP UR·VGT YCT GT KP 2QNGP FGT 7MTCKPG WPF KP 5GTDKGP GKPIGUGV\V CD KP 4WO·PKGP KP 5KGDGP DÒTIGP WPF KP /QNFCW UR·VGT CP FGT +VCNKGPHTQPV KP FGP #NRGP M·ORHVG GT KP (NCPFGTP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ KP /C\GFQPKGP 5GTDKGP WPF 7PICTP 9·JTGPF FGU -TKGIGU GTNKVV GT \CJNTGKEJG 8GTYWP FWPIGP WPF GTJKGNV FKG KO (QNIGPFGP CWHIGHÒJTVGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP
76
NACHLASS HERMANN BALCK
#WU\GKEJPWPIGP CWU FGO 9GNVMTKGI
8GTNGKJWPIUFCVWO
#WU\GKEJPWPI
5KGJG .QUPWOOGT
'- ++ $C[GTKUEJGT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP -N OKV 5EJYGTVGTP '- + ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGU /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP *CWUQTFGPU XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP )QNFGPGU 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP 'KPTGKEJWPI \WO 1TFGP RQWT NG O¾TKVG \W FGUUGP 8GTNGKJWPI GU CDGT CWHITWPF FGU -TKGIUGPFG PKEJV OGJT IGMQOOGP KUV
ņ ņ ņ ņ ņ
1MVQDGT
&G\GODGT 'KPVTKVV CNU (TGKYKNNKIGT KO )TGP\UEJWV\ 1UV 'KPVTKVV CNU .GWVPCPV KP FKG 4GKEJUYGJT 1DGTNGWVPCPV 4KVVOGKUVGT /CLQT WPF -QOOCPFGWT FGU 4CFHCJT $CVCKNNQPU 6KNUKV 1DGTUVNGWVPCPV -QOOCPFGWT FGU 5EJÒ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·EJUV FGU :::: WPF FCPP FGU ::::8+++ 2CP\GTMQTRU CP FGT 1UVHTQPV KP FGT 7MTCKPG .GKVWPI FGT (TQPV KP 5ÒFRQNGP UR·VGT 1DGTDGHGJN ÒDGT FKG #TOGGITWRRG UR·VGT *GGTGUITWRRG ) CP FGT 9GUVHTQPV KP 'NUC .QVJTKPIGP WPF 'PFG FGU ,CJTGU .GKVWPI FGU #TOGGQDGTMQOOCPFQU KP 7PICTP /CK 4ÒEM\WI KP FKG 5VGKGTOCTM UEJNKGNKEJ JKPVGT FKG CNVG 4GKEJUITGP\G -CRKVWNCVKQP WPF COGTKMCPKUEJG -TKGIU IGHCPIGPUEJCHV #WU\GKEJPWPIGP XQT WPF Y·JTGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU
8GTNGKJWPIUFCVWO
#WU\GKEJPWPI
5KGJG .QUPWOOGT
'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI FGT 9GJTOCEJV WPF -NCUUG &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI FGT 9GJTOCEJV -NCUUG 5RCPIG \WO '- ++ 5RCPIG \WO '- + #WHPCJOG KP FCU 'JTGPDWEJ FGU *GGTGU 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU $WNICTKUEJGT 6CRHGTMGKVUQTFGP +++ -NCUUG + 5VWHG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 'KEJGPNCWD \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU 'KEJGPNCWD OKV 5EJYGTVGTP \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU 'KEJGPNCWD OKV 5EJYGTVGTP WPF $TKNNCPVGP \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU
ņ ņ ņ ņ ņ ņ WPF ņ
QFGT YQJN YQJN /CK
<W GKPGO DKUJGT PKEJV DGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV JCV GT FCU 2CP\GTMCORH #D\GKEJGP KP $TQP\G GTJCNVGP
8IN CWEJ #WVGPITWDGT /KEJCGN WPF (GFGT -NCWU * $TKNNCPVGP HÒT FGP )GPGTCN ņ )GPGTCN FGT 2CP\GT VTWRRG *GTOCPP $CNEM +P /KNKVCTKC ,CJTICPI *GHV 5GRVGODGT 1MVQDGT
77
NACHLASS HERMANN BALCK
3:1
208
'KEJGPNCWD OKV 5EJYGTVGTP WPF $TKNNCPVGP \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU 5QIGPCPPVGU $ 5VÃ&#x2019;EM 5KNDGT DGUGV\V OKV ¯ LQWT IGHCÂVGP 5KOKNKUVGKPGP Z 5EJYGTVGT D\Y 'KEJGPNCWD OO &KEMG OO I CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G - FGT (KTOC 1VVQ -NGKP KP *CPCW 5VCFVRWP\G XQP *CPCW WPU 5KNDGTRWP\G OKV $CPFTKPI -&1 10/ '- + ++ 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKP \YGKHGNUHTGK QTKIKPCNGU UQIGPCPPVGU $ 5VÃ&#x2019;EM QFGT 6TCIG 'ZGORNCT FCU )GPGTCN FGT 2CP\GTVTWRRG *GTOCPP $CNEM CO #WIWUV XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP JCV 'U GPVURTKEJV KP CNNGP &GVCKNU FGP DGK &KGVTKEJ /CGT\ KP /4& 5 HH CDIGDKNFGVGP 'ZGORNCTGP &CU UQIGPCPPVG # 5VÃ&#x2019;EM FKG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI KP 2NCVKP OKV GEJVGP $TKNNCPVGP KUV NGKFGT XGTUEJQNNGP
$CNEM JCV FKG $TKNNCPVGP CNU 6T·IGT GTJCNVGP Y·JTGPF GT CNU )GPGTCN FGT 2CP\GTVTWRRG UGKV FGO #WIWUV PQEJ UVGNNXGTVTGVGPF HÃ&#x2019;T FGP 'PFG ,WNK CDDGTWHGPGP )GPGTCN ,QUGH *CTRG OKV FGT (Ã&#x2019;JTWPI FGT 2CP\GT #TOGG KP FGT *GGTGUITWRRG 0QTFWMTCKPG DGCWHVTCIV YCT
0CEJFGO FKG UQYLGVKUEJGP 6TWRRGP FGT 7MTCKPKUEJGP (TQPV FGT 4QVGP #TOGG #PHCPI #WIWUV KP 5Ã&#x2019;FRQNGP FWTEJ FKG (TQPVNKPKG IGDTQEJGP YCTGP UVGNNVG UKEJ KJPGP FKG FGWVUEJG 2CP\GT #TOGG WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ XQP )GPGTCN $CNEM DGK $CTCPÃ&#x2030;Y 5CPFQOKGTUMK KP 5Ã&#x2019;FQUVRQNGP CP FGT 9GKEJUGN IGNGIGP WPF $TQF[ KP FGT 7MTCKPG GPVIGIGP WPF UVQRRVG FKG XQTTÃ&#x2019;EMGPFGP UQYLGVKUEJGP 6TWRRGP 'U IGNCPI FGT #TOGG FGP )GIPGT YGKV JKPVGT FGUUGP #WUICPIUUVGNNWPIGP \WTÃ&#x2019;EM\WYGTHGP WPF KJO JQJG 8GTNWUVG DGK\WDTKPIGP YQOKV FKG GTUVG QHHGPUKX FWTEJIGUEJNCIGPG #DYGJTUEJNCEJV CP FGT 9GKEJUGN UKGITGKEJ DGGPFGV YGTFGP MQPPVG +P GKPGT 'TI·P\WPI \WO 9GJTOCEJVUDGTKEJV XQO 5GRVGODGT NKGUV UKEJ FCU YKG HQNIV
+O 9GKEJUGNDTÃ&#x2019;EMGPMQRH YGUVNKEJ $CTCPQY JCDGP FKG WPVGT FGO 1DGTDGHGJN FGU )GPGTCNU FGT 2CP\GTVTWRRG $CNEM WPF FGO $GHGJN FGT )GPGTCNG FGT 2CP\GTVTWRRG $TGKVJ WPF )T·UGT UQYKG FGU )GPGTCNU FGT +PHCPVGTKG 4GEMPCIGN UVGJGPFGP 6TWRRGP KO XGTICPIGPGP /QPCV FGP &WTEJDTWEJ OCUUKGTVGT UQYLGVKUEJGT -T·HVG XGTGKVGNV WPF FGP HGKPFNKEJGP $TÃ&#x2019;EMGPMQRH FWTEJ GTHQNITGKEJG )GIGPCPITKHHG GKPIGGPIV &GT (GKPF GTNKVV UEJYGTGT 8GTNWUVG CP /GPUEJGP WPF /CVGTKCN 8QO #WIWUV DKU 5GRVGODGT YWTFGP 2CP\GT WPF 5VWTOIGUEJÃ&#x2019;V\G )GUEJÃ&#x2019;V\G CNNGT -CNKDGT XGTPKEJVGV QFGT GTDGWVGV WPF )GHCPIGPG GKPIGDTCEJV (NKGIGPFG 8GTD·PFG WPF (NCMGKPJGKVGP GKPGT .WHVHNQVVG WPVGT (Ã&#x2019;JTWPI XQP )GPGTCNQDGTUV 4KVVGT XQP )TGKO XGTPKEJVGVGP YGKVGTG 5QYLGVRCP\GT )GUEJÃ&#x2019;V\G UQYKG Ã&#x2019;DGT (CJT\GWIG CNNGT #TV WPF UEJQUUGP (NWI\GWIG CD 8IN 2GVGT 5VQEMGTV KP 5659 5 WPF (TCP\ 6JQOCU WPF )Ã&#x2019;PVGT 9GIOCPP KP 4- 5 HH YKMKRGFKC
&KG ITQÂG 7TMWPFG \WT 8GTNGKJWPI FKG $CNEM GDGPHCNNU GTJCNVGP JCV KUV DGK #PIQNKC KP #)1 5 CDIGDKNFGV 5EJQP GKPGP 6CI PCEJ FGT 8GTNGKJWPI CNUQ CO 5GRVGODGT YWTFG $CNEM \WO 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT 2CP\GT #TOGG GTPCPPV WPF CO 5GRVGODGT CNU PGWGT 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT #TOGGITWRRG UR·VGT *GGTGUITWRRG ) CP FKG 9GUVHTQPV KP 'NUC .QVJTKPIGP XGTUGV\V
78
NACHLASS HERMANN BALCK
3:1
209
'KEJGPNCWD OKV 5EJYGTVGTP \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC )GDTÒFGT )QFGV KP $GTNKP 6[R 5KNDGT Z 5EJYGTVGT D\Y 'KEJGPNCWD OO &KEMG OO CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG NKPMU FGU $CPFTKPIGU 5KNDGTRWP\G WPF TGEJVU FGU $CPFTKPIGU 2WP\G 5KNDGT WPF *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G . KO 4GEJVGEM FGT (KTOC )GDTÒFGT )QFGV OKV $CPFTKPI -&1 0/ 1'- ++ 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKP \YGKHGNUHTGK QTKIKPCNGU 'ZGORNCT FCU )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV UGKV ,CPWCT *GTOCPP $CNEM CO /·T\ XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP JCV 'U GPVURTKEJV KP CNNGP &GVCKNU FGO DGK /CGT\ KP /4& 5 H CDIGDKNFGVGP 'ZGORNCT 'T JCV FKG 5EJYGTVGT CNU 6T·IGT CNU -QOOCPFGWT FGT 2CP\GT &KXKUKQP UGKV FGO #WIWUV GTJCNVGP OKV FGT GT CP FGT 1UVHTQPV GKPIGUGV\V YCT
+O (GDTWCT PCEJ FGP #DYGJTM·ORHGP WO 4QUVQY CO &QP PCJO FKG &KXKUKQP WPVGT UGKPGO -QOOCPFQ CP GKPGT )GIGPQHHGPUKXG IGIGP FKG 9QTQPGUEJGT (TQPV FGT 4QVGP #TOGG VGKN 'U IGNCPI FGP FGWVUEJGP 8GTD·PFGP FKG MT·HVGO·KI FGWVNKEJ ÒDGTNGIGPG UQYLGVKUEJG 5VQ #TOGG WPVGT )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV /CTMKCP /KEJCKNQYKVUEJ 2QRQY
KO 4CWO $CTYGPMQYQ KP FGT ÌUVNKEJGP 7MTCKPG GKP\WMGUUGNP WPF \W XGTPKEJVGP (ÒT FKG <GTUEJNCIWPI FKGUGT 5VQ #TOGG WPF FGP FCDGK GT\KGNVGP CWGTQTFGPVNKEJ JQJGP 2CP\GTCDUEJÒUUGP JCV $CNEM CO /·T\ FCU 'KEJGPNCWD OKV 5EJYGTVGTP \WO 4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU GTJCNVGP
5EJQP CO HQNIGPFGP 6CI FGO /·T\ YWTFG GT KP FKG (ÒJTGTTGUGTXG FGU 1DGTMQOOCPFQU FGU *GGTGU XGTUGV\V LGFQEJ PQEJ Y·JTGPF UGKPGT *GKOHCJTV OKV FGT UVGNNXGTVTGVGPFGP (ÒJTWPI FGT 2CP\GTITGPCFKGT &KXKUKQP )TQFGWVUEJNCPF DGCWHVTCIV &KGUGU -QOOCPFQ VTCV GT CO #RTKN CP 8IN 2GVGT 5VQEMGTV KP 5659 5 WPF (TCP\ 6JQOCU WPF )ÒPVGT 9GIOCPP KP 4- 5 HH YKMKRGFKC
79
NACHLASS HERMANN BALCK
210 (1:1)
210
4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC % ' ,WPEMGT 'ZGORNCT FGT YQJN (GTVKIWPIUUGTKG CWU FGO GTUVGP &TKVVGN FGU ,CJTGU Z OO 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V <CTIG 0GWUKNDGT MGKP 5KNDGT I QJPG 2WP\KGTWPI CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG KO IGTKHHGNVGP 4CPF FGT <CTIG FGWVNKEJG FWTEJ FGP -TCIGPMPQRH FGT 7PKHQTO XGTWTUCEJVGT #DTKGD GDGPUQ KP FGT /KVVG FGU (GNFGU FGU TÒEMUGKVKIGP QDGTGP -TGW\CTOU \WUCOOGP OKV FGO QTKIKPCNGP MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP WPF IGVTCIGPGP *CNUDCPF OKV \YGK $·PFGTP \WO <WUCOOGPDKPFGP -&1 0/ C 1'- XCT 44 ++ &CU 4KVVGTMTGW\ JCV $CNEM CNU 1DGTUVNGWVPCPV WPF -QOOCPFGWT UGKV FGO FGU 5EJÒV\GP 4GIKOGPVU FGT 2CP\GT &KXKUKQP 2CP\GTITWRRG -NGKUV #TOGG FGT #TOGGITWRRG $ GTJCNVGP
&CU 'ZGORNCT GPVURTKEJV KP CNNGP &GVCKNU FGO DGK &KGVTKEJ /CGT\ KP /4& CDIGDKNFGVGP 'ZGORNCT FCU UGKPGP #PICDGP \WHQNIG CO /CK CP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV 2GNNGPICJT -QOOCPFGWT FGT +PHCPVGTKG &KXKUKQP XGT NKGJGP YQTFGP KUV $GUQPFGTU FKG HÒT CNNG ,WPEMGT 'ZGORNCTG V[RKUEJGP ªDGTMTGW\WPIGP FGT .KPKGP FGT 4KHHGNWPIGP KP FGP FCU *CMGPMTGW\ WOIGDGPFGP 'EMGP FGT <CTIGP $QTFKGTWPI CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG HKPFGP UKEJ CWEJ DGK FGO JKGT CPIGDQVGPGP 5VÒEM #WH FGP 5GKVGP HH HÒJTV /CGT\ CWU FC FKG CNNGTGTUVGP XQP ,WPEMGT IGHGTVKIVGP 'ZGORNCTG PCEJYGKUDCT \WP·EJUV YGFGT ÒDGT GKPGP 'KUGPMGTP PQEJ ÒDGT GKPG 5KNDGT\CTIG XGTHÒIVGP WPF FGUJCND CWEJ PKEJV RWP\KGTV YCTGP WPF CWEJ FKG GVYCU UR·VGTGP #PHGTVKIWPIGP \YCT KP\YKUEJGP GKPGP 'KUGPMGTP JCVVGP FKG FKGUGP WOIGDGPFG <CTIG CDGT KOOGT PQEJ KP 0GWUKNDGT CWUIGHÒJTV YCT WPF UQOKV CWEJ YGKVGTJKP MGKPG 2WP\G CWHYKGU <WT #WUICDG XQP 'ZGORNCTGP OKV 'KUGPMGTP WPF IGRWP\VGT 5KNDGT\CTIG UEJGKPV GU YQJN GTUV KO 8GTNCWH FGT \YGKVGP ,CJTGUJ·NHVG FGU ,CJTGU IGMQOOGP \W UGKP
9·JTGPF FGU UQIGP 9GUVHGNF\WIU FWTEJDTCEJ $CNEMU 4GIKOGPV KO /CK DGK /CTVGNCPIG CP FGT DGNIKUEJ NWZGODWTIKUEJGP )TGP\G FKG DGNIKUEJG 8GTVGKFKIWPI TÒEMVG ÒDGT FCU DGNIKUEJG $QWKNNQP PCEJ (TCPMTGKEJ DKU %JCIP[ 1OQPV XQT YQDGK GU FKG $GHGUVKIWPIUCPNCIGP FGT 8GTN·PIGTWPI FGT /CIKPQV .KPKG FWTEJDTCEJ WPF CNU GTUVGU FGWVUEJGU 4GIKOGPV FKG /CCU ÒDGTSWGTVG *KGTHÒT YWTFG $CNEM CO /CK OKV FGT 5RCPIG \WO '- ++ WPF CO /CK OKV FGT 5RCPIG \WO '- + CWUIG\GKEJPGV
&KG 8GTNGKJWPIU $GITÒPFWPI NKGUV UKEJ YKG HQNIV &WTEJDTWEJ DGK /CTVGNCPIG 8GTHQNIWPI CWH $QWKNNQP 'KPPCJOG XQP $QWKNNQP 4GIKOGPV CNU GTUVGU CP WPF ÒDGT FKG /CCU &WTEJDTWEJ FWTEJ FKG $WPMGTUVGNNWPI #DYGJT IGIGP #P- ITKHHG CO $QKU FG /CTHG 5KGITGKEJG 8GTHQNIWPIUIGHGEJVG %JCPGT[ 1OQPV /GJTGTG VCWUGPF )GHCPIGPG GVYC )GUEJÒV\G GTDGWVGV
'T TÒEMVG YGKVGT CP FKG #KUPG XQT YQ GT CWH FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG (TQPV VTCH FKG GT FWTEJDTCEJ WO KP FKG 8QIGUGP XQT\WFTKPIGP TÒEMVG DKU \WT (GUVWPI $GNHQTV KO 5ÒFGP FGU 'NUC XQT FKG GT KO *CPFUVTGKEJ GKPPCJO (ÒT FKGUG 'TQDGTWPI YWTFG UGKP 0COG KPU 'JTGPDWEJ FGU *GGTGU CWHIGPQOOGP +O $GTGKEJ FGU 4JGKP /CTPG -CPCNU YWTFG \WFGO GKP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGU 2CP\GTTGIKOGPV GKPIGMGUUGNV WPF \WT ªDGTICDG IG\YWPIGP *KGTHÒT YWTFG KJO FCU 4KVVGT MTGW\ CO ,WPK XGTNKGJGP
80
NACHLASS HERMANN BALCK
211
4KVVGTMTGW\ FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU 5QIGPCPPVG )TQÂG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG 2GTICOGPV CWUIG- HÃ&#x2019;JTV KP UEJYCT\GT WPF IQNFHCTDGPGT -CNNKITCRJKG FCVKGTV (Ã&#x2019;JTGTJCWRVSWCTVKGT ,WPK OKV 7PVGT- UEJTKHV XQP #FQNH *KVNGT FKG WPVGTGP ·WÂGTGP 'EMGP GVYCU XGTH·TDV KP FGT QTKIKPCNGP TQVNGFGTPGP GVYCU DGTKGDGPGP WPF DGUVQÂGPGP IQNFHCTDGP IGRT·IVGP 7TMWPFGP /CRRG OKV FGT -Ã&#x2019;PUVNGT 5KIPCVWT (4+'&# 6*+'45%* KO WPVGTGP 4CPF FGT +PPGPUGKVG FGU TÃ&#x2019;EMUGKVKIGP /CRRGPFGEMGNU ++ 81
NACHLASS HERMANN BALCK
ex 213
212
'JTGPDNCVVURCPIG FGU *GGTGU $NGEJ JQJN IGRT·IV WPF XGTIQNFGV OKV XKGT TWPFGP 5RNKPVGP DGHGUVKIV CWH GKPGO QTKIKPCNGP NCPIGP $CPFUVÒEM FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU \WUCOOGP OKV FGT QTKIKPCNGP 'KPNCIG FGU 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWKU LGFQEJ QJPG FCU 'VWK -&1 0/ 1'- ++ &KGUGU 'ZGORNCT HCPF UKEJ KO 0CEJNC XQP *GTOCPP $CNEM +P GKPGT WPFCVKGTVGP 5GNDUVCWUMWPHV CWU FGT <GKV PCEJ FGO <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI N·V GT FCU (GNF 'JTGPDNCVVURCPIG NGGT WPF GU JCV UKEJ CWEJ DKUJGT MGKPGTNGK 'XKFGP\ GTIGDGP FC KJO FKGUG GTUV CO ,CPWCT IGUVKHVGVGP #WU\GKEJPWPI XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV #NNGTFKPIU KUV UGKP 0COG UEJQP KO /CK KP FCU 'JTGPDWEJ FGU &GWVUEJGP *GGTGU CWHIGPQOOGP YQTFGP HÒT FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP (GUVWPI $GNHQTV KO 5ÒF 'NUC KO INGKEJGP /QPCV 1D GT FCPP FCHÒT ÒDGT FTGK ,CJTG PCEJ GTHQNIVGT #WHPCJOG PQEJ FKG 'JTGPDNCVVURCPIG PCEJIGTGKEJV GTJCNVGP JCDGP MÌPPVG GPV\KGJV UKEJ WPUGTGT -GPPVPKU
-ÌPKITGKEJ 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ #WUICDG 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ + -NCUUG 'KUGP IG- UEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG FKGUG QHHGP OKV OWVOCNKEJ TGUVCWTKGTVGT 0CFGN WPF 0CFGNJCMGP KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP FWPMGNDTCWGP .GFGTGVWK 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG KO QHHGPGP 4KPI RWP\KGTV 59 CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF 'KPHCEJG )WCPHGTVKIWPI FGT 5RCPIG \WO '- ++ VNY NCEMKGTV OKV XKGT TWPFGP 5RNKPVGP 5VÒEM ++ +++
$CNEM JCV FCU 'KUGTPG -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG UEJQP CO 1MVQDGT WPF FKG + -NCUUG CNU GTUVGT UGKPGU $CVCKNNQPU CO 0QXGODGT XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP PCEJFGO GT Y·JTGPF FGU (GNF\WIGU KP $GNIKGP UEJQP \WO FTKVVGP /CN XGT- YWPFGV YQTFGP YCT
ex 214
215
&GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ #D\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTYWPFGVG 8GTYWPFGVGP #D\GKEJGP KP )QNF HÒT HÒPH WPF OGJT OCNKIG 8GTYWPFWPI 'KUGPDNGEJ JQJNIGRT·IV XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT XGTIQNFGV CP MWT\GT 0CFGN 0/ C 1'- 5VÒEM ++
*GTOCPP $CNEM KUV Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU \YKUEJGP FGO 5GRVGODGT WPF FGO #RTKN KPU IGUCOV UKGDGPOCN XGTYWPFGV YQTFGP YQHÒT GT CO /CK OKV FGO PGW IGUVKHVGVGP #D\GKEJGP CWUIG\GKEJPGV YQTFGP KUV
8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP #WUHÒJTWPI CD 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP KP )QNF 'KUGPDNGEJ JQJN IGRT·IV XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY DGTKGDGP CP 0CFGN KO GVYCU DGTKGDGPGP UEJYCT\GP 'VWK FGT .&1 -&1 XCT 0/ XCT 1'- XCT 4 ++ 0KOOGTIWV HÒJTV KP 1'- 5 FKGUG #WUHÒJTWPI PKEJV CWH WPF HÒJTV KP 0+ 5 H CWU FC GU UKEJ DGK #WUHÒJTWPIGP KP JQJN IGRT·IVGO WPF XGTIQNFGVGO 9GKOGVCNN WO KPQHHK\KGNNG #WUHÒJTWPIGP JCPFNG
&KGUGU 'ZGORNCT HCPF UKEJ GDGPHCNNU KO 0CEJNC XQP *GTOCPP $CNEM +P GKPGT WPFCVKGTVGP 5GNDUVCWUMWPHV CWU FGT <GKV PCEJ FGO <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI N·V GT FCU (GNF 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP NGGT WPF GU JCV UKEJ CWEJ DKUJGT MGKPGTNGK 'XKFGP\ GTIGDGP FC GT Y·JTGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU GTPGWV 8GTYWPFWPIGP GTNKVVGP JCV UQ FC KJO FKG IGUVKHVGVG #WUHÒJTWPI XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP Y·TG
/ÌINKEJ KUV LGFQEJ CWEJ FC GT GU KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGO 6QF UGKPGU 5QJPGU (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO GTJCNVGP JCV FGT CNU 1HHK\KGT KO -TCFUEJÒV\GPDCVCKNNQP FGT 2CP\GTFKXKUKQP KO 5QOOGT CP FGT 1UVHTQPV IGHCNNGP KUV
82
NACHLASS HERMANN BALCK
216
<CTGPVWO $WNICTKGP 1TFGP (ÒT 6CRHGTMGKV =Îðäåí Çà Õðàáðîñò ] $GUKV\\GWIPKU KP FGWVUEJGT 5RTCEJG ÒDGT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 6CRHGTMGKVUQTFGPU +++ -NCUUG 5VWHG CP 1DGTUV $CNEM -QOOCPFGWT FGU 2CP\GT 4GIKOGPVU FCVKGTV *CWRVSWCTVKGT 1DGTMQOOCPFQ FGU *GGTGU 1MVQDGT OKV &KGPUVUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV -GKVGN OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV 4 ++
217
#D\GKEJGP FGT 2CP\GT &KXKUKQP #PIGTP FGT UQIGP )GURGPUVGTDTKICFG &KXKUKQPUCD\GKEJGP XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ' ( 9KGFOCPP KP (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP CP 0CFGN *' C ++
)TQGU -QPXQNWV XQP EC &QMWOGPVGP $TKGHGP #DUEJTKHVGP &WTEJUEJN·IGP <GKVWPIGP WPF <GKVWPIUCWUUEJPKVVGP 2JQVQU WUY CWU FGO 0CEJNC XQP *GTOCPP $CNEM 7 C #DUEJTKHVGP FGT -TKGIUUVCOOTQNNG &WTEJUEJN·IG XQP #DUEJTKHVGP FGU 9GJTRCUUGU #PVT·IG $GWTVGKNWPIGP $GUEJGKPK IWPIGP WUY 0GICVKX #DNKEJVWPIGP FGU 9GJTRCUUGU 2JQVQITCRJKGP 6GNGITCOOG 5EJTGKDGP 7TMWPFGP #WUYGKUG RGTUÌPNKEJG $TKGHG W C XQP )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN (GTFKPCPF 5EJÌTPGT FCVKGTV GVE XQP Y·JTGPF WPF PCEJ FGO <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI <GKVWPIGP QFGT <GKVWPIUVGKNG 8ÌNMKUEJGT $GQDCEJVGT &KG 9CEJV &GWVUEJG #NNIGOGKPG <GKVWPI 4GKEJUMTKGIGT\GKVWPI $ < CO /KVVCI $GTNKPGT +NNWUVTKGTVG 0CEJVCWUICDG WPF <GKVWPIUCWUUEJPKVVGP XQTYKGIGPF OKV #TVKMGNP ÒDGT *GTOCPP $CNEM IGDWPFGPGP 5VWFKGP 2JQVQMQRKGP /GKUV GKP QFGT OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV KP UGJT WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP VGKNU OKV 'KPTKUUGP 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++ +++ +8
5GJT KPVGTGUUCPVGU WPF JKUVQTKUEJ UGJT CWHUEJNWTGKEJGU -QPXQNWV OKV 5EJYGTRWPMV CWH FGT OKNKV·TKUEJGP 6·VKIMGKV $CNEMU Y·JTGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU 'PFG FGU 0CEJNCUUGU XQP *GTOCPP $CNEM
83
DRITTES REICH
220
219
&'765%*'5 4'+%* 51)'0 &4+66'5 4'+%*
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQO &GWVUEJGP #FNGT /QFGNN 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 5VWHG 5KNDGT XGT- IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV 5KNDGTRWP\G KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV $G\GKEJPWPI 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ ++ 5VWHG FGU 1TFGPU XQO &GWVUEJGP #FNGT -&1 0/ C 1'- ++
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQO &GWVUEJGP #FNGT &GWVUEJG 5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG /QFGNN TÃ&#x2019;EMUGKVKI OKV (TCMVWT +PUEJTKHV 5KNDGT NGKEJV IGYGNNV OGJTGTG 4CPFFGNNGP WPF -TCV\GT OKV 4CPF RT·IWPI % 24 /ª0<' $'4.+0 CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF -&1 0/ C 1'- +++
221
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQO &GWVUEJGP #FNGT D\Y CD &GWVUEJGT #FNGTQTFGP /QFGNN KO 'KP- UEJPKVV FGU QDGTGP -TGW\CTOGU #MCPVJWU #ITCHHG 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 5VWHG D\Y -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 2WP\KGTWPI CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF -&1 0/ C 1'- ++
222
84
ex 223
&GWVUEJGU 1N[ORKC 'JTGP\GKEJGP &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV #WHNCIG CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG OKV \YGK *QJNRWP\GP DGHGUVKIV CO UEJOCNGP $CPF -&1 0/ D 1'- ++
#D\GKEJGP \WO 1N[ORKCLCJT +EJ TWHG FKG ,WIGPF FGT 9GNV $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI % 6 & CP 0CFGN &C\W PKEJV VTCIDCTG 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG QN[ORKUEJGP 5RKGNG <74 '*4' &'5 8#6'4.#0&'5 <7/ 47*/' &'5 521465 $TQP\G KO 'VWK 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
DRITTES REICH
225
224
226
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT &GWVUEJG 8QNMURHNGIG #NVG <YGKVCPHGTVKIWPI =VC[NQT U EQR[? FGU -TGW\GU 5VWHG $TQP\G IGYÌNDV XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNG CNV CDGT NGKEJV YGNNKI #P 0CFGN -&1 0/ F 1'- ++
5EJYGUVGTPMTGW\ FGU &GWVUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU 5EJYGUVGTPMTGW\ HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG XGTUKNDGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV QJPG -GVVG -&1 0/ F 1'- ++
4GKEJUHGWGTYGJT 'JTGP\GKEJGP -TGW\ 5VWHG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO MWT\GP $CPF UVÒEM -&1 0/ D 1'- ++
ex 227
ex 228 Rv.
230
'JTGPMTGW\ FGT &GWVUEJGP /WVVGT UQIGP /WVVGTMTGW\ /QFGNN OKV TÒEMUGKVKIGT +PUEJTKHV &G\GODGT WPF 5VWHG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV QFGT XGTUKNDGTV QFGT DTQP\GHCTDGP LGYGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP *CNUD·PFGTP FC\W FKG RCUUGPFGP /KPKCVWTGP LGYGKNU CP 5EJNGKHEJGP OKV 0CFGNP WPF GKPG 8GTNGKJWPIUVÒVG HÒT FKG 5VWHG 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV FGT FTGK UQIGP #PUEJNWOGFCKNNGP /GFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP /·T\
¤UVGTTGKEJ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF /GFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP 1MVQDGT 5WFGVGP- NCPF $TQP\G CO $TWUVDCPF OKV $CPFURCPIG 2TCIGT $WTI /GFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP /·T\ /GOGNNCPF $TQP\G CO UEJOCNGP $CPFUVÒEM -&1 0/ D C D 1'- 5VÒEM ++
2QNK\GK &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI -TGW\ 5VWHG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO CNVGP GVYCU XGTH·TDVGP $QIGPDCPF OKV 5VKEMGTGK WPF /GFCKNNG 5VWHG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF KP UKNDGTHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGT GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGT 1TKIKPCNUEJCEJVGN -&1 0/ E H 1'- 5VÒEM ++
(ÒJTGT 5RQTVCD\GKEJGP FGT *KVNGTLWIGPF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY DGTKGDGP WPF VNY GOCKN- NKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 4</ *GTUVGNNGT\GKEJGP / FGT (KTOC )WUVCX $TGJOGT KP /CTMPGWMKTEJGP OKV 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP 0CFGN -&1 0/ 1'- ++
85
DRITTES REICH
232
232
231
5KGIGT 2NCMGVVG FGT .GKUVWPIUUEJCW FGT 6JÒTKPIKUEJGP *KVNGTLWIGPF 0KEJV VTCIDCT <KPM XGTUKN- DGTV 8GTUKNDGTWPI VNY XGTICPIGP KP QTKIKPCNGT 8GTNGKJWPIUUEJCEJVGN \WUCOOGP OKV FGT $GUKV\WTMWPFG HÒT 4QNH &QPCVJ HÒT FGP 5KGI KO 5RGGTYGTHGP FCVKGTV 4WFQNUVCFV CO ,WNK IGHCNVGV ++
5KGIGT 2NCMGVVG FGT )GDKGVU /GKUVGTUEJCHVGP FGT *KVNGTLWIGPF KO -WIGNUVQGP KP 2TCI <KPM DTQP\KGTV KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
233 234
6GKNPGJOGT #D\GKEJGP CO +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP .WHVTGPPGP FGU 0CVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUVKUEJGP (NKGIGT- MQTRU 05(- CWH FGT 9CUUGTMWRRG KP FGT 4JÌP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP -QTTQUKQPUURWTGP CP 0CFGN ++
6GKNPGJOGT 2NCMGVVG FGU 0CVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUVKUEJGP (NKGIGTMQTRU 05(- CO -ÒUVGPHNWI <KPM DTQP\KGTV Z OO KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK 4 ++
4GKEJURCTVGKVCI #D\GKEJGP 0ÒTPDGTI $TQP\G OCUUKX CP 0CFGN OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC % $CNODGTIGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI $GHGUVKIWPI TGRCTKGTV -&1 1'- ++
236
237
'TKPPGTWPIU #D\GKEJGP \WT L·JTKIGP 9KGFGTMGJT FGU 4GKEJURCTVGKVCIGU 9GKOCT 5GJT RNCU- VKUEJ JQJN IGRT·IV DTQP\KGTV ++
5KGIGTCD\GKEJGP KO $GTWHUYGVVMCORH FGT *KVNGTLWIGPF -TGKUUKGIGTCD\GKEJGP #WUICDG OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN $TQP\G XGTMWRHGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC * #WTKEJ KP &TGUFGP WPF (KTOGPNQIQ CP 0CFGN -&1 0/ J 1'- ++
86
DRITTES REICH
238
5RCPKGPMTGW\ 5RCPKGPMTGW\ KP 5KNDGT QJPG 5EJYGTVGT #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC $GTI WPF 0QNVG KP .Ã&#x2019;- FGPUEJGKF $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY DGTKGDGP CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI $ 0 . CP 0CFGN -&1 0/ 1'- ++
239
1TFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU 'KPVGKNKIG GKPHCEJG 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPI FGU )TQÂMTGW\GU FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU XGTUKNDGTV VNY NCEMKGTV CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++
240
241
1TFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU /GJTVGKNKIG GKPHCEJG 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPI FGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU OKV 'KEJGPNCWD WPF 5EJYGTVGTP XGTUKNDGTV VNY NCEMKGTV CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++
1TFGP FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ + MNCUUG HNCEJG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI 'KUGPMGTP NCEMKGTV <CTIG XGTUKNDGTV QJPG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN -&1 0/ G 1'- ++
87
DRITTES REICH
242 (1:1)
-TKGIUQTFGP FGU &GWVUEJGP -TGW\GU &GWVUEJGU -TGW\ KP )QNF #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC % ( <KOOGT- OCPP KP 2HQT\JGKO NGKEJVG #WUHÒJTWPI #WHNCIGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OKV XKGT *QJNPKGVGP DGHGUVKIV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG KUV GKPG TWPFG 2NCVVG OKV ITCXKGTVGT 8GTNGKJWPIUITCXWT 7HH\ #FQNH 5EJYCEJGPYCNF #RTKN DGHGUVKIV CP 0CFGN FKGUG RWP\KGTV HÒT FKG (KTOC <KOOGTOCPP -&1 0/ D 1'- ++
7PVGTQHHK\KGT #FQNH 5EJYCEJGPYCNF $QTFHWPMGT KO + -CORHIGUEJYCFGT YWTFG UR·VGT \WO (GNFYGDGN DGHÌT FGTV 'T JCVVG CO (GDTWCT FGP 'JTGPRQMCN FGT .WHVYCHHG GTJCNVGP WPF YCT +PJCDGT FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU +
WPF ++ -NCUUG FGU (NKGIGTUEJÒV\GP #D\GKEJGPU WPF FGT (TQPVHNWIURCPIG HÒT -CORHHNKGIGT KP $TQP\G KP 5KNDGT WPF KP )QNF OKV 'KPUCV\\CJN UQYKG FGU &GWVUEJGP 5EJWV\YCNN 'JTGP\GKEJGPU 'KP WOHCPITGKEJGU 7TMWPFGP WPF &QMWOGPVGP -QPXQNWV 5EJYCEJGPYCNFU OKV FGO 'JTGPRQMCN YKTF FGT\GKV KO FGWVUEJGP *CPFGN CPIGDQVGP
243 244
TOGNUEJKNF -WDCP 'KUGPDNGEJ DTQP\KGTV VNY XGTICPIGP CWH 7PKHQTOVWEJ DGHGUVKIV OKV )GIGPRNCVVG OKVVGNU XKGT -NGOOGP #DFGEMWPI HGJNV -&1 0/ 1'- ++
)TQG MTCWUG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV FTGK #WU\GKEJPWPIGP /GFCKNNG 9KPVGTUEJNCEJV KO 1UVGP &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI FGT 9GJTOCEJV -NCUUG /GFCKNNG HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG KP FGT .WHVYCHHG /GFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP 1MVQDGT UQIGP 5WFGVGPNCPF #PUEJNW/GFCKNNG #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
88
DRITTES REICH
245
)TQÂG MTCWUG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV FTGK #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V <CTIG XGTUKNDGTV &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI FGT 9GJTOCEJV -NCUUG /GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T &KGPUVLCJTG KO *GGT QFGT KP FGT /CTKPG /GFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP 1MVQDGT UQIGP 5WFGVGPNCPF #PUEJNW /GFCKNNG OKV 5RCPIG 2TCIGT $WTI #P 0CFGN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
248
246
249
/GFCKNNG CWU #PNC FGU 'KPOCTUEJGU FGT &GWVUEJGP 9GJTOCEJV KP 2CTKU CO ,WPK 0KEJV VTCIDCT XQP -CTN )QGV\ YQJN <KPM NCEMKGTV KO 4CPF *GTUVGNNGT 2T·IWPI FGU $C[GTKUEJGP *CWRV OÃ&#x2019;P\COVGU KP /Ã&#x2019;PEJGP ++
2CP\GTMCORHCD\GKEJGP 9QJN #D\GKEJGP KP $TQP\G -TKGIUOGVCNN $TQP\KGTWPI XQNNMQOOGP XGT ICPIGP QJPG *GTUVGNNGTMGPP\GKEJPWPI CP 0CFGN FKGUG DTQP\KGTV -&1 0/ C 1'- +++
-TKGIUCD\GKEJGP HÃ&#x2019;T /KPGPUWEJ 7 $QQV ,CIF WPF 5KEJGTWPIUXGTD·PFG UQIGP /KPGPUWEJGT #D\GKEJGP 6QODCM VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ('% 1661 2.#%<'- $'4.+0 #75( 5%*9'4+0 $'4.+0 CP 0CFGN -&1 0/ C 1'- ++
(NQVVGP -TKGIUCD\GKEJGP 6QODCM VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJ- PWPI ('% #&1.( $1%- #75( 5%*9'4+0 $'4.+0 CP 0CFGN -&1 0/ C 1'- ++
89
DRITTES REICH
250 251 253
/CTKPG #TVKNNGTKG -TKGIUCD\GKEJGP -TKGIUOGVCNN VNY XGTIQNFGV 8GTUKNDGTWPI XGTICPIGP CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTNQIQ (.. FGT (KTOC (TKGFTKEJ .KPFGP KP .Ã&#x2019;FGPUEJGKF WPF CP 0CFGN -&1 0/ D 1'- ++
2TGKUOGFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T GKPGP 9GVVMCORH KO /KNKV·TKUEJGP 2TGKUTKEJVGP KO ,CJTG 0KEJV VTCIDCT /G- FCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T FGP 2TGKU $TQP\G HÃ&#x2019;T FCU +PHCPVGTKG 4GIKOGPV ++
252
90
253
254
'TFMCORHCD\GKEJGP #D\GKEJGP QJPG 'KPUCV\\CJN <KPM VNY XGTUKNDGTV #FNGT CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG OKV FTGK MNGKPGP 4WPFMQRHPKGVGP DGHGUVKIV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI / W - FGT #TDGKVUIG OGKPUEJCHV /GVCNN WPF -WPUVUVQHH KP )CDNQP\ CP 0CFGN -&1 0/ D 1'- ++
(NWI\GWIHÃ&#x2019;JTGT #D\GKEJGP 'ZGORNCT QJPG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 9GKÂOGVCNN VNY XGTUKNDGTV #FNGT OKV \YGK 4WPFMQRHPKGVGP DGHGUVKIV CP 4WPFPCFGN KO IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK -&1 0/ C 1'- ++
(NKGIGTUEJÃ&#x2019;V\GP #D\GKEJGP #D\GKEJGP OKV $NKV\DÃ&#x2019;PFGN 9GKÂOGVCNN VNY XGTUKNDGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI $ 0 . FGT (KTOC $GTI WPF 0QNVG KP .Ã&#x2019;FGPUEJGKF #FNGT OKV \YGK 4WPF MQRHPKGVGP DGHGUVKIV CP 4WPFPCFGN -&1 0/ C 1'- ++
DRITTES REICH
ex 256
257 ex 255
)TQGU -QPXQNWV XQP EC #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 7 C \KXKNG 'JTGP\GKEJGP GKP '- ++ OKV TWPFGT -CORH .GKUVWPIU WPF 6·VKIMGKVUCD\GKEJGP XQP *GGT /CTKPG WPF .WHVYCHHG 1TKIKPCNG WPF -QRKGP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP $·PFGTP QFGT CP 0CFGNP VGKNU TGRCTKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP &C\W GKPG 8GTNGKJWPIUVÒVG 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +8
-QPXQNWV XQP EC #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 7 C 5RCPKGPMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP KP 5KNDGT CP 0CFGN WPF &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI FGT 05&#2 5VWHG CO $·PFEJGP +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGNP QFGT -PQRHNQEJUEJNGKHG GKPG CP $·PFEJGP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC (GNFUEJPCNNGP WPF EC -PQRHNQEJ 5EJNGKHEJGP WPF $CPFTÌNNEJGP (ÒPHGT 8KGTGT &TGKGT <YGKGT WPF 'KPGT (GNFUEJPCNNGP VNY OKV #WHNCIGP CP 0CFGNP 8KGTGT DKU 'KPGT -PQRHNQEJ 5EJNGKHEJGP WPF $CPFTÌNNEJGP -PÌRHG HGJNGP VNY KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP &C\W \YGK *CNUDCPF WPF UGEJU $TWUVDCPF #DUEJPKVV ++ ++ +++ +++
258
259
260
-.'+0#$<'+%*'0 70& #056'%-0#&'.0 9*9 #$<'+%*'0
#D\GKEJGP HÒT (TCWGPYCNVGTKPPGP FGT &GWVUEJGP #TDGKVUHTQPV #D\GKEJGP HÒT 1TVUHTCWGPYCNVGTKPPGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 4</ *GTUVGNNGTPWOOGT / FGT (KTOC )GUGNN %Q KP 2HQT\JGKO CP 0CFGN *' N ++
4GKEJUDWPF &GWVUEJG ,·IGTUEJCHV ,CIFUEJWV\ #D\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN *' D
5KGIGT #D\GKEJGP FGU &GWVUEJGP 5EJÒV\GPDWPFGU #D\GKEJGP HÒT )CWOGKUVGT $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC . %JT .CWGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI *' P ++
261
++
262
5KGIGT #D\GKEJGP FGU &GWVUEJGP 5EJÒV\GPDWPFGU #D\GKEJGP HÒT -TGKUOGKUVGT #WUICDG HÒT $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC . %JT .CWGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI *' O ++
5KGIGT #D\GKEJGP FGU &GWVUEJGP 5EJÒV\GPDWPFGU #D\GKEJGP HÒT -TGKUUKGIGT #WUICDG HÒT $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 1 (GEJNGT KP $GTPUDCEJ *' T ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC UKGDGP XGTUEJKGFGPGP #D\GKEJGP FGU &GWVUEJGP 5EJÒV\GPDWPFGU *QJN QFGT OCUUKX IGRT·IV VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CNNG GOCKNNKGTV LGYGKNU CP 0CFGN KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
91
DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK
264
265
266
ex 267
4GKEJUDWPF FGT -KPFGTTGKEJGP &GWVUEJNCPFU \WO 5EJWV\G FGT (COKNKG #D\GKEJGP HÒT -TGKU COVUNGKVGT $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV 8GTUKNDGTWPI VNY XGTICPIGP GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTNQIQ OKV 5 WPF Q KO -TGKU CP 0CFGN *' G 4 ++
0CVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUVKUEJGT #NVJGTTGPDWPF FGT &GWVUEJGP 5VWFGPVGP /KVINKGFUCD\GKEJGP $TQP\G GOCKN- NKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 4</ *GTUVGNNGTPWOOGT / FGT (KTOC *CPU /ÒNNGT KP 5VWVVICTV CP 0CFGN *' C ++
#D\GKEJGP FGU 5EJÒV\GPTGIKOGPVU FGU 2CP\GT &KXKUKQP #PIGTP IGPCPPV )GURGPUVGTDTK- ICFG $TQP\G OKV 4GUVXGTUKNDGTWPI CP 0CFGN *' D 4 ++ +++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC #D\GKEJGP FGWVUEJGT 1TICPKUCVKQPGP 7 C FGU &GWVUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU FGT 05 (TCWGPUEJCHV FGU $&/ FGU &GWVUEJGP #NRGPXGTGKPU FGU 4GKEJUCTDGKVUFKGPUVU FGU 8GTDCPFGU &GWVUEJGT *GDCOOGP WPF FGT 'XCPIGNKUEJGP (TCWGPJKNHG +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV V VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGNP KP ITÌVGPVGKNU UGJT QTFGPVNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM + ++ ++ ++ +++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 9KPVGTJKNHUYGTMU 5COONWPIU #D\GKEJGP 8QTYKGIGPF FGT 5VCPFCTVGP 5GTKG WPF FGT 5QNFCVGP 5GTKG IGUKEMV +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /CVGTKCNKGP VNY NCEMKGTV KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCN VWPIGP CP 0CFGNP ++
ex 269
ex 270
&'765%*' &'/1-4#6+5%*' 4'27$.+-
#WU\GKEJPWPIU WPF 7TMWPFGP 0CEJNC XQP )GTJCTF 8ÌNPGT DGUVGJGPF CWU XKGT 1TFGP OKV \WIGJÌTKIGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP 8CVGTN·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ÒEM ++ #WU\GKEJPWPIU WPF 7TMWPFGP 0CEJNC XQP 2TQH )ÒPVGT 4QUGPHGNF OKV KPUIGUCOV #WU\GKEJPWP- IGP LGYGKNU OKV \WIGJÌTKIGP 7TMWPFGP 'JTGPURCPIG \WO 8CVGTN·PFKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP KP )QNF $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV OKV <KTMQPKC CP 0CFGN 6[R $# E OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV 8CVGTN·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ÒEM ++ +PVGTGUUCPVG )TWRRG GKPGU DGFGWVGPFGP *KUVQTKMGTU FGT &&4 )ÒPVGT 4QUGPHGNF IGD YCT DKU 2TQHGUUQT HÒT )GUEJKEJVG CP FGT *WODQNFV 7PKXGTUKV·V \W $GTNKP &KG 5EJYGTRWPMVG UGKPGT #TDGKV WOHCUUGP FKG )GUEJKEJVG FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP WPF FGT UQYLGVKUEJ FGWVUEJGP $G\KGJWPIGP WPF GT KUV UGKV XKGNGP ,CJTGP #WVQT D\Y *GTCWUIGDGT OGJTGTGT (CEJRWDNKMCVKQPGP \W FKGUGP 6JGOGP
92
DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK
ex 271
ex 272
#WU\GKEJPWPIU WPF 7TMWPFGP 0CEJNC XQP 1DGTUV 4QNCPF 0GWJCWU OKV KPUIGUCOV #WU\GKEJPWPIGP LGYGKNU OKV \WIGJÌTKIGP 7TMWPFGP 8CVGTN·PFKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP KP 5KNDGT $WPVOGVCNN XGTUKNDGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV 6[R $# I OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV &KVQ KP $TQP\G $WPVOGVCNN 6[R $# H OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV -CORHQTFGP (Ò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ÒEMUGKVG 5KNDGTRWP\G OKV *CNDOQPF 6[R $# H 2WP\G OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV &KVQ KP 5KNDGT 5KNDGT OKV 4CPFRWP\G 6[R $# C 2WP\G OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV &KVQ KP $TQP\G $WPVOGVCNN 6[R $# C OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV /GFCKNNG HÒT VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG KP )QNF HÒT :: &KGPUVLCJTG $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV 6[R $# H OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV &KVQ KP )QNF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV OKV 5KNDGTRWP\G OKV *CNDOQPF 6[R $# G 2WP\G OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV &KVQ KP 5KNDGT 5KNDGT OKV 4CPFRWP\G 6[R $# E 2WP\G OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV &KVQ KP $TQP\G $WPVOGVCNN OKV 8GT- NGKJWPIUPWOOGT 6[R $# C OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV /GFCKNNG FGT 9CHHGPDTÒFGTUEJCHV KP 5KNDGT $WPVOGVCNN XGTUKNDGTV 6[R $# C OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV /GFCKNNG HÒT VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGT -CUGTPKGTVGP 8QNMURQNK\GK $WPVOGVCNN OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUPWO- OGT 6[R $# C OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV 1HHK\KGTU )GUEJGPM HÒT ,CJTG VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGT 08# OKV 7TMWPFG FCVKGTV \WUCOOGP OKV GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\VGP 2T·UGPVCVKQP 'VWK &KG 0T WPF CP 6TCIGURCPIGP FKG 0T DKU CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIGP \WUCOOGP OQPVKGTV FKG 0T DKU CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIGP FKG 0T WPF DKU \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FKG 7TMWPFGP LGYGKNU KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRGP 5VÒEM ++
7OHCPITGKEJGT 0CEJNC GKPGU NCPIIGFKGPVGP 5VCDUQHHK\KGTU FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG XQP DKU
#WU\GKEJPWPIU WPF 7TMWPFGP 0CEJNC XQP (TGICVVGPMCRKV·P *CPU ,ÒTIGP )GKUNGT OKV KPUIGUCOV #WU\GKEJPWPIGP LGYGKNU OKV \WIGJÌTKIGP 7TMWPFGP /GFCKNNG FGT 9CHHGPDTÒFGTUEJCHV KP $TQP\G $WPVOGVCNN 6[R $# D OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG KP )QNF $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV 6[R $# I OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV &KVQ KP 5KNDGT 5KNDGT OKV 5KNDGTRWP\G 6[R $# H 2WP\G OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV &KVQ KP $TQP\G $WPVOGVCNN 6[R $# G OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV /GFCKNNG HÒT VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG KP )QNF HÒ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ÒEM ++
93
DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK
ex 273 ex 274
#WU\GKEJPWPIU WPF 7TMWPFGP 0CEJNC FGU 7PVGTNGWVPCPVU FGT 8QNMURQNK\GK OKV KPUIGUCOV #WU- \GKEJPWPIGP LGYGKNU OKV \WIGJÌTKIGP 7TMWPFGP /GFCKNNG HÒT VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGP DGYCHHPGVGP 1TICPGP FGU /KPKUVGTKWOU FGU +PPGTP KP )QNF $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV $# D OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWT- MWPFG FCVKGTV &KVQ 5VWHG ++ KP $TQP\G $WPVOGVCNN $# C QFGT D OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWT- MWPFG FCVKGTV &KVQ 5VWHG +++ KP $TQP\G $WPVOGVCNN $# C OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG FCVKGTV ,GYGKNU CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIGP KO 'VWK FKG 7TMWPFGP LGYGKNU KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRGP 5VÒEM ++
8CVGTN·PFKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP OKV 7TMWPFG HÒT GKPGP $GVTKGD )QNFUVWHG #WUHÒJTWPI XQP DKU $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 6TCIGURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WUCOOGP OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT FGP 8'$ 6GEJPKUEJG )CUG .GKR\KI $GVTKGDUVGKN $ÒV\QY FCVKGTV OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRG $# G -&1 ++
8CVGTN·PFKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP OKV 7TMWPFG 5KNDGTUVWHG #WUHÒJTWPI XQP DKU 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV CP 6TCIGURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT 9KNJGNOKPG 5EJWNFV FCVKGTV KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRG $# C -&1 ++
276
ex 275
ex 277
278
ex 279
8CVGTN·PFKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 5KNDGTUVWHG #WUHÒJTWPI XQP DKU 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV CP 6TCIGURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO ITCWGP 'VWK $# C -&1 ++
8CVGTN·PFKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 5KNDGTUVWHG #WUHÒJTWPI XQP DKU $WPVOGVCNN XGTUKNDGTV 7PF $TQP\GUVWHG #WUHÒJTWPI DKU $WPVOGVCNN LGYGKNU CP 6TCIGURCPIG WPF \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# G I -&1 5VÒEM ++
8CVGTN·PFKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP $TQP\GUVWHG #WUHÒJTWPI XQP DKU $WPVOGVCNN CP 6TCIG- URCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# C -&1 ++
8CVGTN·PFKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP OKV 7TMWPFG $TQP\GUVWHG $WPVOGVCNN CP 6TCIGURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT 1DGTKPIGPKGWT 'TKEJ $KNIWGT FCVKGTV KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRG $# I -&1 ++
94
DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK
ex 280
ex 281
ex 282
1TFGP $CPPGT FGT #TDGKV OKV 7TMWPFG HÒT GKP -QNNGMVKX 5VWHG + $WPVOGVCNN VNY GOCKNNKGTV VNY NCEMKGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV 8GTNGKJWPIU- WTMWPFG HÒT FCU ,WIGPFMQNNGMVKX FGU 8'$ -CTQY /KVINKGF 9CNVTCWF 8ÌNPGT FCVKGTV KP 7TMWPFGP- OCRRG $# J -&1 ++
1TFGP $CPPGT FGT #TDGKV OKV 7TMWPFG 5VWHG ++ #WUHÒJTWPI $WPVOGVCNN VNY GOCKNNKGTV VNY NCEMKGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV 8GTNGKJWPIU- WTMWPFG HÒT +PIG )TGKH FCVKGTV KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRG $# J -&1 ++
1TFGP $CPPGT FGT #TDGKV OKV 7TMWPFG HÒT GKP /KVINKGF GKPGU -QNNGMVKXU 5VWHG +++ $WPVOGVCNN VNY GOCKNNKGTV VNY NCEMKGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIU GVWK OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT 4GPCVG <ÌRMG /KVINKGF GKPGU UQ\KCNKUVKUEJGP -QNNGMVKXGU FCVKGTV KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRG $# I -&1 ++
1TFGP $CPPGT FGT #TDGKV + ++ WPF +++ 5VWHG LGYGKNU $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV VNY NCEMKGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIGP \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIGP KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# J J WPF I -&1 5VÒEM ++
284 285
286
1TFGP 5VGTP FGT 8ÌNMGTHTGWPFUEJCHV 5VGTP FGT 8ÌNMGTHTGWPFUEJCHV KP )QNF #WUICDG #WUHÒJTWPI 4ÒEMUGKVG INCVV $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV VNY NCEMKGTV CP 0CFGN $# D -&1 ++
-CORHQTFGP (ÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO 8QNM WPF 8CVGTNCPF #WUICDG 5KNDGT -CORH QTFGP KP )QNF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOURCPIG KO 'VWK $# C -&1 4 ++
-CORHQTFGP (ÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO 8QNM WPF 8CVGTNCPF #WUICDG 5KNDGT -CORH QTFGP KP 5KNDGT 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOURCPIG KO 'VWK $# C -&1 ++
95
DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK
287
290
288
ex 291
289
/GFCKNNG \WO 0CVKQPCNRTGKU FGT &GWVUEJGP &GOQMTCVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM #WUHÒJTWPI XQP DKU $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV CP 6TCIGURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 'VWK $# J -&1 ++
5VGTP \WO 'JTGPVKVGN *GNF FGT #TDGKV OKV 7TMWPFG $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GT- UVGNNGT\GKEJGP /$ CP 6TCIGURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 'VWK OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT *GTDGTV -GTP FCVKGTV OKV FTGK 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRG $# J -&1 ++
/GFCKNNG \WO 'JTGPVKVGN 8GTFKGPVGT /KVCTDGKVGT FGU 5VCCVUUKEJGTJGKV #WUHÒJTWPI $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# D -&1 ++
'TKPPGTWPIUCD\GKEJGP \WO ,CJTGUVCI FGT )TÒPFWPI FGU /KPKUVGTKWOU HÒT 5VCCVUUKEJGTJGKV
/H5 $WPVOGVCNN NCEMKGTV QJPG -WPUVJCT\ÒDGT\WI $# ++
#O (GDTWCT J·VVG FCU /KPKUVGTKWO HÒT 5VCCVUUKEJGTJGKV UGKP XKGT\KIL·JTKIGU $GUVGJGP HGKGTP MÌPPGP CNNGTFKPIU DGUVCPF GU \W FKGUGO <GKVRWPMV ICT PKEJV OGJT FC GU KP\YKUEJGP CNU #OV HÒT 0CVKQPCNG 5KEJGTJGKV
#H05 WODGPCPPV OKV $GUEJNW FGU /KPKUVGTTCVGU FGT &&4 XQO &G\GODGT CWHIGNÌUV YQTFGP YCT &GPPQEJ YCT UEJQP KO 8GTNCWH FGU ,CJTGU FCU 'TKPPGTWPIU\GKEJGP \WO L·JTKIGP $GUVGJGP FGU /H5 JGTIGUVGNNV YQTFGP FCU LGFQEJ CWHITWPF FGUUGP #WHNÌUWPI PKEJV OGJT \WT #WUICDG IGNCPIV KUV 0CEJ WPXGTDKPFNKEJGP +PHQTOCVKQPGP FGU 'KPNKGHGTGTU UGK FGT CNNGTITÌVG 6GKN FGT #WHNCIG XGTPKEJVGV YQTFGP WPF PWT YGPKIG 'ZGORNCTG UGKGP KP 5COONGTJ·PFG IGNCPIV
%NCTC <GVMKP /GFCKNNG OKV 7TMWPFG #WUICDG TÒEMUGKVKI OKV 5VCCVUYCRRGP $WPVOG- VCNN XGTUKNDGTV CP 5EJNGKHG OKV +PVGTKOUUEJNGKHG WPF #PUVGEMGT KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWT- MWPFG HÒT 4WVJ 5EJYQ[ FCVKGTV KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRG $# F -&1 ++
292 293
96
ex 294
295
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT &GWVUEJGP 8QNMURQNK\GK /QFGNN 5VGEMCD\GKEJGP (CJPG OKV +PUEJTKHV #WUHÒJTWPI $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP 0CFGN KO 'VWK $# C -&1 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT &GWVUEJGP 8QNMURQNK\GK /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI DQIGPHÌTOKIG ¤UG 4ÒEMUGKVG INCVV $WPVOGVCNN VNY XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG OKV +PVGTKOU URCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# F XCT -&1 ++
/GFCKNNG HÒT XQTDKNFNKEJGP )TGP\FKGPUV OKV 7TMWPFG 'TUVG #WUHÒJTWPI $TQP\G CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIU- GVWK OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT .GWVPCPV *GKPTKEJ *GNOU FCVKGTV CO OKV 1TKIKPCN WPVGTUEJTKHV FGU %JGHU FGT &GWVUEJGP )TGP\RQNK\GK *GTOCPP )CTVOCPP KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRG $# C -&1 ++
.GKUVWPIUCD\GKEJGP FGT &GWVUEJGP )TGP\RQNK\GK #WUHÒJTWPI $TQP\G CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T·IGT- PWOOGT CP 0CFGN KO UR·VGTGP 'VWK $# C $# C -&1 4 ++
DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK
297
300
299
296
/GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGT -CUGTPKGTVGP 8QNMURQNK\GK $WPVOGVCNN OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# C -&1 ++
.GKUVWPIUCD\GKEJGP FGT -CUGTPKGTVGP 8QNMURQNK\GK $TQP\G CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP 0CFGN KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# C $# C -&1 4 ++
.GKUVWPIUCD\GKEJGP FGT -CUGTPKGTVGP 8QNMURQNK\GK $TQP\G QJPG 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP 0CFGN KP 2NCUVKM- UEJCEJVGN $# D $# D -&1 ++
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG )QNFUVWHG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI XQP DKU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT 4CPFRWP\G OKV *CNDOQPF CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# C -&1 4 ++
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG 5KNDGTUVWHG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI XQP DKU 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT 4CPFRWP\G CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# C -&1 ++
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG $TQP\GUVWHG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI XQP DKU $WPV- OGVCNN CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# C -&1 ++
302
303
305
ex 306
/GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T &KGPUVLCJTG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI XQP DKU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# G -&1 4 ++
/GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI XQP DKU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY XGTICPIGP CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 5KNDGTRWP\G OKV *CNDOQPF CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# F -&1 ++ +++
/GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI XQP DKU 5KNDGT KO 4CPF 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $# E -&1 ++
.GKUVWPIUCD\GKEJGP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI 9CRRGP PCEJVT·INKEJ GKPIGUEJNCIGP $TQP\G CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT CP 0CFGN KO 'VWK $# E $# E -&1 4 ++
<QNNXGTYCNVWPI FGT &GWVUEJGP &GOQMTCVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\GUVWHG /GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T VTGWG &KGPUVG HÃ&#x2019;T WPF ,CJTG )QNF WPF 5KNDGTUVWHG ,GYGKNU CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIGP \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIGP KP 2NCUVKMUEJCEJVGNP $# D E E D D D D D -&1 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
97
DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK
307
ex 311
ex 312
ex 310
(TKV\ *GEMGTV /GFCKNNG FGU (TGKGP &GWVUEJGP )GYGTMUEJCHVUDWPFGU #WUICDG GKPUVWHKI DKU #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT OKV 4CPFRWP\G CP 5EJNGKHG \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUUEJNGKHG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK \WUCOOGP OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT 9CNVGT *GUU FCVKGTV OKV 1TKIK PCNWPVGTUEJTKHV FGU $WPFGUXQTUKV\GPFGP *GTDGTV 9CTPMG KP 7TMWPFGPOCRRG $# C 4 ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT &GWVUEJGP &GOQMTCVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM &CTWPVGT 8GTFKGPUV- OGFCKNNGP WPF /GFCKNNGP HÒT VTGWG &KGPUVG FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG FGT DGYCHHPGVGP 1TICPG FGU +PPGP- OKPKUVGTKWOU FGT -CORHVTWRRGP FGT #TDGKVGTMNCUUG FGT <KXKNXGTVGKFKIWPI FGT &GWVUEJGP 2QUV 2GUVC NQ\\K /GFCKNNG 0GWDCWGT /GFCKNNG WPF .GUUKPI /GFCKNNG KP GKPGT QFGT KP OGJTGTGP 5VWHGP CP 2GPVC IQPCN $CPFURCPIGP QFGT CP 6TCIGURCPIGP LGYGKNU OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIGP KP 2NCUVKMUEJCEJVGN 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT &GWVUEJGP &GOQMTCVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM &CTWPVGT 8GTFKGPUV- OGFCKNNGP WPF /GFCKNNGP HÒT VTGWG &KGPUVG FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG FGT DGYCHHPGVGP 1TICPG FGU +PPGP- OKPKUVGTKWOU FGT -CORHVTWRRGP FGT #TDGKVGTMNCUUG FGT <KXKNXGTVGKFKIWPI FGT &GWVUEJGP 2QUV 2GUVCNQ\\K /GFCKNNG 0GWDCWGT /GFCKNNG WPF .GUUKPI /GFCKNNG KP GKPGT QFGT KP OGJTGTGP 5VWHGP CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIGP QFGT CP 6TCIGURCPIGP LGYGKNU OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIGP KP 2NCUVKMUEJCEJVGN 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 1TFGP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNGP WPF &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPIGP 7 C FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG FGT DGYCHHPGVGP 1TICPG FGU +PPGPOKPKUVGTKWOU FGT -CORHVTWRRGP FGT #TDGKVGTMNCUUG WPF FGT <KXKNXGTVGKFKIWPI 1TFGP $CPPGT FGT #TDGKV WPF 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT &&4 KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /CVGTKCNKGP VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV GKPKIG GOCKNNKGTV CP 2GPVCIQPCNURCPIGP KP &&4 #TV \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOURCPIGP KP 2NCUVKM 8GTNGKJWPIUUEJCEJVGNP HÒPH \WUCOOGP CP 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OQP- VKGTV CP 0CFGN &C\W GKPG 8KGTGT +PVGTKOUURCPIG +P IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 1TFGP 'JTGP WPF #D\GKEJGP 7 C 8CVGTN·PFKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP KP 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G 'JTGP\GKEJGP ,WDKN·WOUOGFCKNNGP WPF #D\GKEJGP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 8QNMUCTOGG FGT )TGP\VTWRRGP FGT (&, WPF FGT -CORHVTWRRGP FGT #TDGKVGTMNCUUG WPF FGT (GWGTYGJT XGTUEJKGFGPG 5VWHGP CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIGP QFGT CP 6TCIGURCPIGP VGKNU OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIGP KP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK QFGT KP 2NCUVKMUEJCEJVGN 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC PGWP 'JTGP\GKEJGP 7 C Z 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KO $TCPFUEJWV\ WPF Z ,WDKN·WOUOGFCKNNG ,CJTG 0CVKQPCNG 8QNMUCTOGG CP 6TCIGURCPIGP LGYGKNU OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIGP KP 2NCUVKMUEJCEJVGN ++
(TGKG &GWVUEJG ,WIGPF /GFCKNNG (TKGFGPUCWHIGDQV FGT &GWVUEJGP ,WIGPF CP GOCKNNKGTVGT 6TCIG- URCPIG /GFCKNNG (ÒT #WUIG\GKEJPGVG .GKUVWPIGP KO $GTWHUYGVVDGYGTD FGT &GWVUEJGP ,WIGPF CP GOCKNNKGTVGT 6TCIGURCPIG ,GYGKNU KP QTFGPVNKEJGO <WUVCPF &C\W /GFCKNNG \WO 'JTGPVKVGN 8GTFKGPVGT #MVKXKUV CP $CPFURCPIG KO 'VWK 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC HÒPH 1TFGP EC 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF EC FTGK #D\GKEJGP 7 C 8CVGTN·PFKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP -CORHQTFGP WPF 1TFGP $CPPGT FGT #TDGKV /GFCKNNG HÒT VTGWG &KGPUVG KP FGT 08# FKVQ KP FGP DGYCHHPGVGP 1TICPGP FGU +PPGPOKPKUVGTKWOU /GFCKNNG HÒT VTGWG &KGPUVG HTGKYKNNKIGT *GNHGT DGKO 5EJWV\ FGT 5VCCVUITGP\G MQORN 5CV\ VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU NCEMKGTV ITÌVGPVGKNU CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIGP XKGT 5VÒEM \WUCOOGP CP $CPFURCPIG OQPVKGTV VGKNU \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUURCPIGP KP 'VWKU QFGT KP 2NCUVKMGVWKU #D\GKEJGP CP 0CFGNP &C\W GKP 'JTGPIGUEJGPM HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG KP FGT 08# EC 8GTNGKJWPIU WPF 'JTGPWTMWPFGP GKP NGGTGU 'VWK WPF XKGT NGGTG 2NCUVKMGVWKU 5VÒEM ++
*ÒDUEJG &&4 5COONWPI
98
#EJUGNUEJPWT HÒT )GPGTCNG FGT 08# KP GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGT 1TKIKPCNUEJCEJCEJVGN \WUCOOGP OKV 5EJÒV\GPUEJPWT OKV #D\GKEJGP \YGK -QRRGNUEJNÌUUGT EC /ÒV\GPCD\GKEJGP GKPGO /ÒV\GPDCPF WPF EC .CWHDCJPCD\GKEJGP FGT /CTKPG GPVYGFGT OKV /GVCNNCWHNCIG QFGT IGUVKEMV 5VÒEM ++
BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
$70&'54'27$.+- &'765%*.#0& 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF WPF KJTGT $WPFGUN·PFGT GDGPUQ YKG FGTGP /KPKCVWTGP $CPFUVGIG -PQRHNQEJUEJNGKHGP WPF $CPFUEJPCNNGP FÒTHGP IGO· h #DU )GUGV\ ÒDGT 6KVGN 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP PWT CP $GTGEJVKIVG CDIGIGDGP YGTFGP #NU $GTGEJVKIVG IGNVGP JKGTDGK PGDGP FGP $GNKGJGPGP CWEJ CNNG FKGLGPKIGP 2GTUQPGP FKG KO $GUKV\ GKPGT 5COOGNIGPGJOKIWPI UKPF &KGUG 5COOGN IGPGJOKIWPI GTVGKNV CWH #PHTCIG FKG LGYGKNU \WUV·PFKIG $GJÌTFG &KG <WUV·PFKIMGKV KUV KP FGP GKP\GNPGP $WPFGUN·PFGTP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJ IGTGIGNV &KG 'TVGKNWPI GKPGT UQNEJGP )GPGJOKIWPI MCPP IGO· FGU -QOOGPVCTU \WO )GUGV\ XQP FGT \WUV·PFKIGP $GJÌTFG PWT DGK 8QTNKGIGP UEJYGTYKGIGPFGT )TÒPFG XGTYGKIGTV YGTFGP /KV GKPGO )GDQV CWH 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM WPF KJTGT $WPFGUN·PFGT XGTUKEJGTV FGT $KGVGT KO QTFPWPIUIGO·GP $GUKV\ GKPGT UQNEJGP 5COOGNIGPGJOKIWPI \W UGKP
316 (1:1)
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF 5GV FGT 5QPFGTUVWHG FGU )TQMTGW\GU HÒT *GTTGP DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO OCUEJKPGPIGUVKEMVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN -&1 5. 5VÒEM ++ #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 5VGKPJCWGT .ÒEM KP .ÒFGPUEJGKF FGT GT ,CJTG
&GT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF CWEJ $WPFGUXGTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV YWTFG XQP $WPFGU RT·UKFGPV 2TQH &T 6JGQFQT *GWUU OKV 'TNC XQO 5GRVGODGT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $WPFGUIGUGV\ DNCVV + XQP 5 CNU \WP·EJUV HÒPHUVWHKIGT )TQMTGW\ )TQGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5VGTP )TQGU 8GTFKGPUV MTGW\ 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ WPF 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ CO $CPFG CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGUVKHVGV
/KV 'TNC XQO ,WPK ÒDGT FKG 'TI·P\WPI FGU 5VCVWVU FGU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF YWTFG FCU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5VGTP WPF 5EJWNVGTDCPF IGUVKHVGV WPF FKG 6TCIGYGKUG FGU )TQGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\GU OKV 5VGTP /QFGNN IG·PFGTV #O 5GRVGODGT GTHQNIVG HQTONQU FWTEJ 8GTNGKJWPI FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGU 8GTFKGPUV- MTGW\GU CO $CPFG HÒT #PIGUVGNNVG WPF #TDGKVGT FGT HTGKGP 9KTVUEJCHV FKG GKPGO WPF FGOUGNDGP &KGPUVJGTTP #TDGKVIGDGT QFGT $GVTKGD ,CJTG NCPI KP 6TGWG IGFKGPV JCDGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÒT #TDGKVULWDKNCTG ņ /QFGNN
/KV 'TNC XQO &G\GODGT ÒDGT FKG 0GWHCUUWPI FGU 5VCVWVU FGU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJ- NCPF YWTFGP FKG 5QPFGTUVWHG FGU )TQMTGW\GU WPF FKG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG IGUVKHVGV FKG )TÌG FGT 5QPFGTUVWHG FGU )TQMTGW\GU HÒT &COGP WPF FGU )TQMTGW\GU HÒT &COGP IG·PFGTV 5EJWNVGTD·PFGT HÒT &COGP HÒT FKG 5QPFGTUVWHG FGU )TQMTGW\GU HÒT FCU )TQMTGW\ WPF HÒT FCU )TQG 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5VGTP WPF 5EJWNVGTDCPF GKPG UQIGP ITQGP &COGPUEJNGKHG HÒT FCU )TQG 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5VGTP WPF FCU )TQG 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ WPF GKPG UQIGP MNGKPGP &COGPUEJNGKHG HÒT FCU $WPFGUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ CO $CPFG GKPIGHÒJTV WPF FCU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ KP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG WODGPCPPV
#O /CK GTHQNIVG HQTONQU FWTEJ 8GTNGKJWPI FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT $CPFURCPIG HÒT FCU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÒT #TDGKVULWDKNCTG WPF YWTFG HÒT FKGUG 5VWHG HQTONQU FCU $CPF FGT $WPFGUXGTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG GKPIGHÒJTV /KV 'TNC XQO &G\GODGT YWTFG W C FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\GU HÒT #TDGKVULWDKNCTG GKPIGUVGNNV FCU UQOKV OKV &CVWO XQO 5GRVGODGT XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YCT
9QJN WO GTHQNIVG FKG HQTONQUG PFGTWPI FGT )TÌG FGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\GU -NCUUG HÒT &COGP WPF FGU 8GT- FKGPUVMTGW\GU CO $CPFG HÒT &COGP
)GIGPY·TVKI XGTHÒIV FGT $WPFGUXGTFKGPUVQTFGP ÒDGT PGWP 5VWHGP 5QPFGTUVWHG \WO )TQMTGW\ )TQMTGW\ KP DGUQPFGTGT #WUHÒJTWPI )TQMTGW\ )TQGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5VGTP WPF 5EJWNVGTDCPF )TQGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5VGTP )TQGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ CO $CPFG WPF 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG
<WT )GUEJKEJVG FGU 1TFGPU WPF UGKPGT 'PVYKEMNWPI XIN )GKIGT 4QNH .KPFPGT ,ÒTIGP WPF 9ÌTPGT (TCPM ,CJTG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF +P 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP &CU /CIC\KP HÒT 5COONGT WPF (QTUEJGT ,CJTICPI *GHV #WIWUV 5 HH
99
BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
317 (1:1)
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF 5GV FGU )TQÂMTGW\GU KP DGUQPFGTGT #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI \YGKVG #PHGTVKIWPI DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP IG- UVKEMVGP WPF IGHÃ&#x2019;VVGTVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EM- UGKVG 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV $CPFUVGI OKV #WHNCIG KO UGRCTCVGP 5EJ·EJVGNEJGP KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 5VGKPJCWGT .Ã&#x2019;EM KP .Ã&#x2019;FGPUEJGKF KO QTKIKPCNGP ªDGTMCTVQP -&1 5. 44 ++ &CU )TQÂMTGW\ KP DGUQPFGTGT #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI GTMGPPDCT CO WO FCU /GFCKNNQP JGTWO CPIGDTCEJVGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ YWTFG UGKV 5VKHVWPI FGU 1TFGPU DKUJGT PWT \YGK /CN XGTNKGJGP WPF \YCT CWU #PNC UGKPGU )GDWTVUVCIGU CO ,CPWCT CP $WPFGUMCP\NGT &T -QPTCF #FGPCWGT WPF CO 1MVQDGT CWU #PNC UGKPGT 8GTCDUEJKGFWPI CP $WPFGUMCP\NGT &T *GNOWV -QJN HÃ&#x2019;T FGUUGP 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 9KGFGTXGTGKPKIWPI &GWVUEJNCPFU
319 318
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQÂGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5VGTP WPF 5EJWNVGTDCPF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN -&1 5. ++
#PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 5VGKPJCWGT .Ã&#x2019;EM KP .Ã&#x2019;FGPUEJGKF FGT GT ,CJTG
100
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF )TQÂGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ CWEJ )TQÂGU $WPFGUXGT- FKGPUVMTGW\ IGPCPPV #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI HÃ&#x2019;T *GTTGP #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC % ' ,WPEMGT KP $GTNKP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO IGP·JVGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV GTI·P\VGO $CPFUVGI FGT (KTOC 5VGKP JCWGT .Ã&#x2019;EM KP .Ã&#x2019;FGPUEJGKF OKV #WHNCIG KO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU DGTKGDGPGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,WPEMGT OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO $WPFGUCFNGT -&1 5. ++
BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
322
321
320
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF )TQÂGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ CWEJ )TQÂGU $WPFGUXGT- FKGPUVMTGW\ IGPCPPV #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI HÃ&#x2019;T *GTTGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO IGP·JVGP *CNUDCPF -&1 5. ++
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ + -NCUUG HÃ&#x2019;T *GTTGP #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC % ' ,WPEMGT KP $GTNKP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP DCWEJKIGT 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV $CPFUEJNGKHG OKV #WHNCIG DGUEJ·FKIV CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,WPEMGT -&1 5. ++
#WHITWPF FGT DGKIGHÃ&#x2019;IVGP 5EJNGKHG OKV 0CFGN FÃ&#x2019;THVG GU UKEJ JKGTDGK GXGPVWGNN WO GKPG 8GTNGKJWPI HÃ&#x2019;T GKPG (TCW IGJCPFGNV JCDGP
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ + -NCUUG HÃ&#x2019;T &COGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP FÃ&#x2019;PPGT 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV $CPFUEJNGKHG OKV #WHNCIG CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\VGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 5VGKPJCWGT .Ã&#x2019;EM KP .Ã&#x2019;FGPUEJGKF -&1 5. 4 ++
+P FKGUGT HTÃ&#x2019;JGP #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
ex 323 324
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ CO $CPFG HÃ&#x2019;T &COGP $TQP\G XGT- IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP &COGPUEJNGKHG \WUCOOGP OKV $CPFUEJNGKHG CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 5VGKPJCWGT .Ã&#x2019;EM &C\W $WPFGUXGTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T &COGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV $TWUVDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV $CPFUEJNGKHG CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 5VGKPJCWGT .Ã&#x2019;EM -&1 5. 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKN NKGTV CO $CPF \WUCOOGP OKV $CPFUEJNGKHG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 5VGKPJCWGT .Ã&#x2019;EM KP .Ã&#x2019;FGPUEJGKF OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO $WPFGUCFNGT -&1 5. ++
+P FKGUGT HTÃ&#x2019;JGP #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP YGKVCWU UGNVGPGT \W HKPFGP CNU FKG $WPFGUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\G FGUUGNDGP <GKVTCWOGU &KG $WPFGUXGTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T &COGP YKTF IGPGTGNN GDGPHCNNU CO $TWUVDCPF XGTNKGJGP WPF IGVTCIGP UKG WPVGT UEJGKFGV UKEJ XQP FGT *GTTGPCWUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI CNNGKPG FWTEJ FKG DGKIGHÃ&#x2019;IVG $CPFUEJNGKHG CP 0CFGN UVCVV FGU $CPFUVGIGU KP FGT #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI HÃ&#x2019;T *GTTGP
101
DEUTSCHLAND - ORDENSSCHNALLEN
325 326
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF 5GV FGU )TQGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\GU OKV 5VGTP WPF 5EJWNVGTDCPF #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 5VGKPJCWGT .ÒEM KP .ÒFGPUEJGKF DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQGU 8GT- FKGPUVMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP LGFQEJ \YGKHCEJ FWTEJUEJPKVVGPGP 5EJWNVGT- DCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV #WUHÒJTWPI OKV TÒEMUGKVKIGT TWPFGT #D FGEMWPI FGU <GPVTWOU CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G 5V . 5KNDGTRWP\G WPF HTCP\Ì UKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G -&1 5. 5VÒEM ++
$#;'40 (4'+56##6 5'+6 $<9
$C[GTKUEJG /CZKOKNKCPUQTFGP HÒT 9KUUGPUEJCHV WPF -WPUV 1TFGPUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN- NKGTV KO $CPFTKPI GKPIGUEJNCIGPG /CVTKMGNPWOOGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G )* FGT (KTOC )GDTÒFGT *GOOGTNG KP /ÒPEJGP WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G QJPG *CNUDCPF -&1 5. ++
&'765%*.#0& 416'5 -4'7<
-QPXQNWV XQP UGEJU XGTUEJKGFGPGP 8KXCV $·PFGTP \WO $GUVGP FGU 4QVGP -TGW\GU $GFTWEMV
++
328
&'765%*.#0& 14&'055%*0#..'0
102
)TQG INCVVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU &GWVUEJGP -TKGIGU OKV FTGK GKPIGJ·PIVGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 5CEJUGP #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP D\Y 'JTGPMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI 9CRRGP URKV\ \WNCWHGPF 2TGWGP 'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ 64'7'0 -4+')'40 XGTNKGJGPG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV MCPPGNKGTVGT ¤UG 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG CP 0CFGN ++
DEUTSCHLAND - ORDENSSCHNALLEN
329
)TQG MTCWUG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU YÒTVVGODGTIKUEJGP 7PVGTQHHK\KGTU WPF 8GVGTCPGP FGU &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIGU OKV UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG XGTNKGJGPGU 'ZGORNCT OKV 'KEJGPNCWDURCPIG 9ÒTVVGODGTI &KGPUV 'JTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN -TGW\ -NCUUG HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG FGT 7P- VGTQHHK\KGTG FKG IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG PCEJ WPVGP IGTKEJVGV $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV 2TGWGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G HÒT -·ORHGT $TQP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI #75 '41$'46'/ )'5%*7'6< OKV XKGT )GHGEJVUURCPIGP 2#4+5 8+..+'45 5'&#0 WPF 9¤46* 9ÒTVVGODGTI 5KNDGTPG 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WOUOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT 2TGWGP #NNIG OGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP -NCUUG 5KNDGT 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
5GJT UEJÌPG CNVG KP CNNGP 6GKNGP QTKIKPCNG WPF UVKOOKIG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT LGFQEJ IGVTCIGPGT 'TJCNVWPI
330 (1:2)
)TQG (GNFUEJPCNNG GKPGU VJÒTKPIKUEJ ! DCFKUEJ ! RTGWKUEJGP )GPGTCNU WPF 8GVGTCPGP FGU &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIGU WPF FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU HÒT CEJV #WU\GKEJ- PWPIGP 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWDURCPIG WPF 9KGFGTJQ- NWPIUURCPIG FGU 'KUGTPGP -TGW\GU 2TGWGP 4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP 2TGWGP -TQPGPQTFGP 2TGWGP 1HHK\KGTU &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT ,CJTG 2TGWGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G HÒT -·ORHGT $TQP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI #75 '41$'46'/ )'5%*7'6< OKV HÒPH )GHGEJVUURCPIGP .' /#05 01+55'8+..' /'6< )4#8'.166' 56 24+8#6 WPF 8+108+..' /#45 .# 6174 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG $CFGP 1TFGP $GTVJQNFU + 4KVVGTMTGW\ $CFGP 1TFGP XQO <·JTKPIGT .ÌYGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ QFGT -NCUUG OKV 'KEJGPNCWD #P 0CFGN ++
7PVGT -CV 0T YGTFGP FTGK 2JQVQU FGU 6T·IGTU FKGUGT 5RCPIG KP XQNNGO 1TFGPUUEJOWEM CPIGDQVGP
331
)TQG MTCWUG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU U·EJUKUEJGP 8GVGTCPGP FGU &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIGU OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 5CEJUGP #NDTGEJVUMTGW\ GTUVG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV UGRCTCV IGRT·I- VGP /GFCKNNQPU 5KNDGT 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KN- DGT\CTIG 5CEJUGP .CPFYGJT &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI -NCUUG /QFGNN /GFCKNNG 2TGWGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI #75 '41$'46'/ )'5%*7'6< OKV HÒPH )GHGEJVUURCPIGP )4#8'.166' 56 24+8#6 $'#7/106 8+..+'45 5'&#0 WPF 2#4+5 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG &CU $CPF FGT <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG GVYCU \GTUEJNKUUGP FCU #NDTGEJVUMTGW\ HCEJIGTGEJV CNV XQTCPIGUGV\V CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ) # 5EJCTHHGPDGTI KP &TGUFGP CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
103
DEUTSCHLAND - ORDENSSCHNALLEN
332
)TQG INCVVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIGU OKV FTGK GKPIGJ·PIVGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G QJPG 4CPFRT·IWPI OKV UKGDGP )GHGEJVUURCPIGP 52+%*'40 8+108+..' /#45 .# 6174 )4#8'.166' 56 24+8#6 /'6< 14. #05 $'#7/106 WPF .' /#05 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG 2TGWU GP .CPFYGJT &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI -NCUUG 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
)TQG INCVVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIGU OKV FTGK GKPIGJ·PIVGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP .CPFYGJT &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI -NCUUG 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF 2TGWGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI #75 '41$'46'/ )'5%*7'6< OKV XKGT )GHGEJVUURCPIGP .1+)0; 21724; 14. #05 $'#7)'0%; %4#8#06 WPF 2#4+5 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
334 (1:1,5)
104
333
335 (1:1,5)
)TQG INCVVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU U·EJUKUEJGP 8GVGTCPGP FGU &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIGU OKV XKGT GKPIGJ·PIVGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 5CEJUGP #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP D\Y 'JTGPMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI 9CRRGP WPVGP CDIGTWPFGV OKV 5RKV\G 2TGWGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI #75 '41$'46'/ )'5%*7'6< OKV XKGT )GHGEJVUURCPIGP )4#8'.166' 56 24+8#6 01+55'8+..' $'#70' .# 41.#0&' WPF .' /#05 5CEJUGP &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI /QFGNN /GFCKNNG -NCUUG HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
)TQG INCVVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIGU OKV FTGK GKPIGJ·PIVGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP .CPFYGJT &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI -NCUUG 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF 2TGWGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI #75 '41$'46'/ )'5%*7'6< OKV HÒPH )GHGEJVUURCPIGP /'6< %1.1/$'; 017+..; 14. #05 $'#7)'0%; %4#8#06 WPF .' /#05 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
DEUTSCHLAND - ORDENSSCHNALLEN
336
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV &TGKGEMUD·PFGTP GKPGU U·EJUKUEJGP 8GVGTCPGP FGU &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIU OKV FTGK #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 5CEJUGP &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI /QFGNN HÒT NCPIG W IWVG &KGPUVG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV .QTDGGTDNCVV WPVGT FGO # 5KNDGT CO $CPF FGU #NNIGOGKPGP 'JTGP\GKEJGPU D\Y FGU 'JTGPMTGW\GU 2TGWGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G HÒT -·ORHGT $TQP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI #75 '41$'46'/ )' 5%*7'6< OKV XKGT \WUCOOGPIGNÌVGVGP )GHGEJVUURCPIGP /'6< $'#7/106 56 37'06+0 WPF )4#8'.166' 56 24+8#6 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++ +++ ++
337
)TQG INCVVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU DCFKUEJGP 8GVGTCPGP FGU &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIU OKV XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G HÒT -·ORHGT $TQP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI #75 '41$'46'/ )'5%*7'6< OKV )GHGEJVUURCPIGP 564#55$74) WPF #0 &'4 .+5#+0' $CFGP (GNFFKGPUV #WU\GKEJPWPI $TQP\G OKV \YGK $CPFURCPIGP WPF 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG $CFGP .CPFYGJT &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI /QFGNN $·PFGT GVYCU \GTUEJNKUUGP CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
338
)TQG INCVVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV HÒPH GKPIGJ·PIVGP RTGWKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP -TGW\ FGU #NN- IGOGKPGP 'JTGP\GKEJGPU 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF 'KPJ·PIGJCMGP NQUG #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP -NCUUG 5KNDGT &KGPUV #WU\GKEJPWPIU -TGW\ HÒT CMVKXG 1HHK\KGTG XKGTVG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ITÌDGT IG- MÌTPVGP -TGW\CTOGP EC $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG LGFQEJ CO $CPF FGU TWUUKUEJGP 5V #PPGP 1TFGPU &KG #WU\GKEJPWPIGP OKV 6TCIGURWTGP WPF GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V CP 0CFGN QJPG 0CFGNJCMGP 5VÒEM ++ +++
5GJT KPVGTGUUCPVG 5EJPCNNG CP FGT UKEJ FCU -TGW\ FGU #NNIGOGKPGP 'JTGP\GKEJGPU WPF FKG 1HHK\KGTU &KGPUVCWU\GKEJ- PWPI \W YKGFGTURTGEJGP UEJGKPGP #O $CPF FGU TWUUKUEJGP 5V #PPGP 1TFGPU MÌPPVG UKEJ FCU -TGW\ -NCUUG QFGT CDGT CWEJ FKG -NGKPG /GFCKNNG (ÒT 'KHGT KP )QNF QFGT 5KNDGT DGHWPFGP JCDGP
105
DEUTSCHLAND - ORDENSSCHNALLEN
339
)TQÂG INCVVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU UEJYCT\DWTI UQPFGTUJCWUGPGT 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU OKV HÃ&#x2019;PH GKPIGJ·PIVGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWÂGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG KO $CPFTKPI RWP\KGTV 9W 5 5EJYCT\DWTI 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUV KO -TKGIG XGTUKNDGTV &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÃ&#x2019;T (TQPVM·ORHGT 'KUGP DTQP\KGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI % 6* & WPF (KTOGPNQIQ 2TGWÂGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG 5EJYCT\DWTI 5QPFGTUJCWUGP 4GIKGTWPIU ,WDKN·WOUOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT CP 0CFGN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
340
)TQÂG MTCWUG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU UCEJUGP YGKOCTKUEJGP 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU OKV HÃ&#x2019;PH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWÂGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN OKV &'/ 8'4&+'056' 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP )QNF OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY XGTDNCÂV KO 4CPF RWP\KGTV 5+.$'4 CP 5EJYGTVGTURCPIG &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÃ&#x2019;T (TQPVM·ORHGT 'KUGP DTQP\KGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 'TDG 2TGWÂGP &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI /QFGNN -NCUUG HÃ&#x2019;T FGP 5QNFCVGPUVCPF PCEJ :8 &KGPUVLCJTGP -TKGIUOGVCNN XGTMWRHGTV OKV -QTTQUKQPUURWTGP &KVQ -NCUUG HÃ&#x2019;T FGP 5QNFCVGPUVCPF PCEJ :++ &KGPUVLCJTGP $TQP\G #P 0CFGN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
341
106
)TQÂG MTCWUG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU UCEJUGP YGKOCTKUEJGP 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU OKV HÃ&#x2019;PH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWÂGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT #NNIGOGKPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP /QFGNN OKV &'/ 8'4&+'056' 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP $TQP\G QJPG 5EJYGTVGT $TQP\G &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÃ&#x2019;T (TQPVM·ORHGT 'KUGP DTQP\KGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ( 4- 6JÃ&#x2019;TKPIGP (GWGTYGJTGJTGPCD\GKEJGP /QFGNN $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T VTGWG &KGPUVG $TQP\G $WNICTKGP -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CO $CPF HÃ&#x2019;T -·ORHGT #P 0CFGN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
DEUTSCHLAND - ORDENSSCHNALLEN
342
)TQG MTCWUG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU OÌINKEJGTYGKUG JCODWTIKUEJGP 1HHK\KGTU 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG *CODWTI *CPUGCVGPMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV &GWV- UEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT 'KUGP DTQP\KGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGN- NGTDG\GKEJPWPI ( . 2TGWGP &KGPUV #WU\GKEJPWPIU -TGW\ HÒT CMVKXG 1HHK\KGTG XKGTVG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ITÌDGT IGMÌTPVGP -TGW\CTOGP EC $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
343
)TQG MTCWUG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU OWVOCNKEJ OGEMNGPDWTI UEJYGTKPKUEJGP 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG /GEMNGPDWTI 5EJYGTKP /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ ++ -NCUUG CO $CPF HÒT -·ORHGT *CODWTI *CPUGCVGPMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'J- TGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTNQIQ 25 KO -TGKU #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
344
)TQG MTCWUG (TCEMUEJPCNNG OKV \YGK #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÒT -TKGIUJKNHG <KPM /GEMNGPDWTI 5EJYGTKP *CWUQTFGP FGT 9GPFKUEJGP -TQPG 5KNDGTPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU UGRCTCV IGRT·IV #WH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTUEJKNFEJGP XQP % ) 7NTKEJ 0CEJHQNIGT KP *CODWTI CP 0CFGN ++
)TQG INCVVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU 1NFGPDWTIKUEJGP 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV \YGK #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG KO $CPFTKPI VNY WPNGUGTNKEJ RWP\KGTV !9 1NFGPDWTI (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 'KUGP IG- UEJY·T\V CO $CPF HÒT -·ORHGT CP 0CFGN <WUCOOGP OKV RCUUGPFGT (GNFUEJPCNNG 5VÒEM ++
107
DEUTSCHLAND - ORDENSSCHNALLEN
ex 346
-QPXQNWV XQP XKGT ITQGP MTCWUGP 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG XQP 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU OKV KPUIGUCOV #WU\GKEJPWPIGP # 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG 2TGWGP 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÒT -TKGIUJKNHG <KPM 5CEJUGP /GKPKIGP /GFCKNNG HÒT 8GT- FKGPUV KO -TKGIG $TQP\G CO $CPF HÒT -·ORHGT &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT 'KUGP DTQP\KGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 1 2TGWGP &KGPUVCWU- \GKEJPWPI /QFGNN -NCUUG HÒT FGP 5QNFCVGPUVCPF PCEJ :8 &KGPUVLCJTGP $TQP\G XGT- MWRHGTV 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG 0GW OQPVKGTV OKV PGWGP $·PFGTP CP 0CFGN $ 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V <CTIG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT 'KUGP DTQP\KGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGT DG\GKEJPWPI 9 - ¤UVGTTGKEJ -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 7PICTP -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #P 0CFGN % 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT 'KUGP DTQP\KGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 'TDG 2TGWGP &KGPUVCWU \GKEJPWPI /QFGNN -NCUUG HÒT FGP 5QNFCVGPUVCPF PCEJ :++ &KGPUVLCJTGP XGTIQNFGV #P 0CFGN & $C[GTP /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ /QFGNN 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGT VGTP $TQP\G XGTMWRHGTV 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG #WU\GKEJPWPIGP GKPIGJ·PIV CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
347
)TQG MTCWUG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 'KUGPMGTP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTNQIQ -/( &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 6TGWFKGPUV 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT &KGPUV- LCJTG 2TGWGP &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI /QFGNN -NCUUG /GFCKNNG HÒT +: &KGPUVLCJTG $TQP\G 8GTUKNDGTWPI ITÌVGPVGKNU XGTICPIGP &CP\KI &CP\KIGT -TGW\ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY XGTICPIGP GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG \YGK PKGVGPHÌTOKIG 8GTUEJTCWDWPIGP WPF *GT- UVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI $ X # *ÒNUG $GTNKP #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++ +P CNNGP 6GKNGP QTKIKPCN WPF \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJ IGHGTVKIVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG
108
DEUTSCHLAND - MINIATURENSCHNALLEN
348
)TQG INCVVG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU OWVOCNKEJ DTCWPUEJYGKIKUEJGP 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNV- MTKGIU WPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV XKGT GKPIGJ·PIVGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 2TGWGP 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG 'KUGP IGUEJY·T\V 5KNDGT\CTIG OKV WPNGUGTNKEJGT 2WP\G KO $CPFTKPI OKV CWH FGO $CPF CWHIGNGIVGT 9KGFGTJQNWPIUURCPIG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV GKPIGTWPFGVGP 5GKVGP XQP YQJN $WPVOGVCNN XGTUKNDGTV $TCWPUEJYGKI -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVMTGW\ -NCUUG CO $CPF HÒT -·ORHGT OKV CWHIGNGIVGO $GY·JTWPIUCD\GKEJGP &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 4 8 2(14<*'+/ #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
ex 349
&'765%*.#0& /+0+#674'05%*0#..'0 70& -'66%*'0
-QPXQNWV XQP GKPGO /KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP WPF \YGK -PQRHNQEJUEJNGKHEJGP OKV KPUIGUCOV PGWP RTGWKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP # 4QVGT #FNGT 1TFGP /QFGNN -NCUUG OKV IGMÌTPVGP #TOGP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK '- ++ &KGPUV #WU\GKEJPWPIU -TGW\ HÒT CMVKXG 1HHK\KGTG <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG #P \YGK 0CFGNP $ <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG &KGPUV CWU\GKEJPWPI /QFGNN -NCUUG /KPKCVWT FGT 5EJPCNNGPCWUHÒJTWPI #P 5EJNGKHEJGP OKV 0CFGN % .CPFYGJT &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI -NCUUG /QFGNN /GFCKNNG CD <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG #P 5EJNGKHEJGP OKV -PQRH 5VÒEM ++
350
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP GKPGU YQJN RTGWKUEJGP 1HHK\KGTU WPF 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 2TGWGP '- ++ 2TGWGP -ÌPKINKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 'JTGPMTGW\ FGU 9GNVMTKGIGU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT 2TGWGP 1HHK\KGTU &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI HÒT ,CJTG 2TGWGP <GPVGPCTOGFCKNNG &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 5EJYCT\GU 8GTYWPFGVGPCD\GKEJGP #P \YGK 0CFGNP 5VÒEM ++
109
KONVOLUTE
ex 351
ex 353
&'765%*.#0& #..)'/'+0' -1081.76'
-QPXQNWV XQP XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP FGWVUEJGT 5VCCVGP 7PVGT CPFGTGO CWU #PJCNV $CFGP $C[GTP *CPPQXGT /GEMNGPDWTI 5VTGNKV\ WPF 4GW KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP $TWUV QFGT $QIGPD·PFGTP GKPG CP 0CFGN KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP CEJV #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 5EJPCNNGP #D\GKEJGP GVE 7 C 0CJMCORHURCPIG KP $TQP\G
0CFGNJCMGP HGJNV KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU CP $·PFGTP VGKNU CP 0CFGNP KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ +++ +8
-QPXQNWV XQP EC #WU\GKEJPWPIU /KPKCVWT #PUVGEMPCFGNP WPF -NGKPCD\GKEJGP &CTWPVGT \YGK &TGKGT 0CFGNP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU /KPKCVWT FGU 7 $QQV #D\GKEJGPU KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV OGKUV CP 0CFGNP &C\W \YGK (GNFUEJPCNNGP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC FTGK -QRRGNUEJNÌUUGTP WPF EC \YGK /ÒV\GPCD\GKEJGP &GU -CKUGTTGKEJU FGU UQIGP &TKVVGP 4GKEJU FGT $4& WPF FGU 5VCJNJGNOU PGW 5VÒEM ++
'7412# 70& ª$'45''
355 356
(4'+/#74'4 5%*.#4#(('0 759 +06'40#6+10#.
(TGKOCWTGTKUEJGU 6GORNGT -TGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 6TCIGURCPIG QJPG *CNUDCPF ++
/+0+#674'05%*0#..'0 70& -'66%*'0 +06'40#6+10#.
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GKPGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 1HHK\KGTU OKV #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ )QNF (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP HÒT /CTKPGXGTFKGPUV -QOOCP- FGWTFGMQTCVKQP )QNF 6WPGUKGP 1TFGP FGU 4WJOU -NCUUG 5KNDGT (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP FGU &TC- EJGPU XQP #PPCO -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP )QNF CO $·PFEJGP HÒT /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUV /CTQMMQ 5EJGTKHKUEJGT #NCQWKVG 1TFGP -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP )QNF (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP XQP -CODQFUEJC 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP )QNF CO /GVTQRQNKVCP $·PFEJGP (TCPMTGKEJ 1TFGP FGU 5EJYCT\GP 5VGTPU XQP $¾PKP 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ )QNF (TCPMTGKEJ 'N #PPQWCT 1TFGP 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT WPF )QNF $GNIKGP .¾QRQNF 1TFGP 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ )QNF $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF $WPFGUXGTFKGPUV QTFGP XGTIQNFGV ,GYGKNU GOCKNNKGTV FKG $·PFEJGP FGT 2QUKVKQPGP DKU OKV CWHIGNGIVGP .KV\GP WPF 4QUGVVGP CP 0CFGN KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC $QWNCPIGT KP 2CTKU 5VÒEM + 0GWP FGT \GJP /KPKCVWTGP KP ÒDGTTCIGPFGT #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV·V
110
KONVOLUTE INTERNATIONAL
357
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP GKPGU (TCP\QUGP OKV HÃ&#x2019;PH #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 'JTGPNGIKQP 4KVVGTFGMQ- TCVKQP #XGTU /GFCKNNQP HGJNV 5KNDGTPG #MCFGOKUEJG 2CNOGP *GKNKIGT 5VWJN )TGIQTKWU 1TFGP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $GNIKGP -TQPGPQTFGP 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $GNIKGP 1TFGP .GQRQNF ++ 4KVVGTFG- MQTCVKQP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
-1081.76' +06'40#6+10#.
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 7 C CWU $GNIKGP +VCNKGP (TCPMTGKEJ 5RCPKGP WPF 8KGVPCO XGTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP $·PFGTP KP IWVGP 'T- JCNVWPIGP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
ex 360 ex 359 (Rv.)
ex 361
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 7 C CWU $WNICTKGP &GWVUEJNCPF (TCPMTGKEJ )TQÂDTKVCPPKGP FGU 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJGU 2QNGP 5GTDKGP FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP FGT 6UEJGEJQUNQYCMGK KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV XQTYKGIGPF CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUV QFGT $QIGPD·PFGTP XKGT KP 'VWKU KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP &C\W FTGK /KPK CVWTGP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +8
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 'JTGP WPF #D\GKEJGP 7 C CWU $GNIKGP (TCPMTGKEJ FCTWPVGT \YGK KPUKIPGU )TQÂDTKVCPPKGP 2QNGP WPF FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP $·PFGTP D\Y 0CFGNP QFGT 5EJTCWDGP QFGT OKV 5RNKPVGP OGKUV KP QTFGPVNKEJGP 'TJCN- VWPIGP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++ +++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC CEJV XGTUEJKGFGPGP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 7 C CWU (KPPNCPF (TCPMTGKEJ 5EJYGFGP WPF 5RCPKGP +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUV QFGT $QIGPD·PFGTP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP ++
ex 362
ex 363
-QPXQNWV XQP EC PGWP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 7 C CWU ,CRCP FGO 4WUUKUEJGP 4GKEJ 5CWFK #TC- DKGP FGT 6UEJGEJQUNQYCMGK WPF FGP 75# KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUV QFGT $QIGPD·PFGTP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP GKPGU KO 'VWK ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 7 C CWU &·PGOCTM &GWVUEJNCPF (TCPMTGKEJ +VCNKGP 0QTYGIGP 2TGWÂGP 4WO·PKGP WPF 4WÂNCPF KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIGP QFGT 0CFGNP \YGK OKV $CPFURCPIGP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP ++
111
KONVOLUTE INTERNATIONAL
ex 365 (1:1)
ex 364
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 7 C CWU $GNIKGP %JKNG (KPPNCPF FGO -QPIQ XQO /CNVGUGTQTFGP CWU 5RCPKGP WPF 5[TKGP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU CP $·PFGTP KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC /KPKCVWTGP XQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 7 C CWU $TCUKNKGP &GWVUEJNCPF 'EWCFQT -QNWODKGP .CQU .KDGTKC /CTQMMQ 4WCPFC 5RCPKGP 5[TKGP 75# WPF <CÅTG XGTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV OGKUV GOCKNNKGTV XQTYKGIGPF CP $·PFEJGP KP IWVGP 'TJCN VWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
366
-QPXQNWV XQP EC -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVGP WPF 5EJNGKHEJGP \W 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP CWU CNNGT 9GNV 7 X C CWU VJKQRKGP (KPPNCPF (TCPMTGKEJ +VCNKGP ,CRCP .WZGODWTI /QPCEQ 0KGFGTNCPFG 0QTYGIGP 2QTVWICN 4WO·PKGP 5CP /CTKPQ 5GTDKGP 6WPGUKGP 7TWIWC[ WPF FGO 8CVKMCP \CJNTGKEJG 5VÒEMG OKV .KV\GP WPVGTNGIV \WT #PICDG FGT JÌJGTGP 5VWHGP 5VÒEM ++
'KPG YCJTG (WPFITWDG \WT 'TI·P\WPI FGT QHV KP FGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWKU HGJNGPFGP 4QUGVVGP
112
-QPXQNWV XQP EC #WU\GKEJPWPIU /KPKCVWTGP -NGKPCD\GKEJGP WPF #PUVGEMPCFGNP 7 C CWU $GN- IKGP &GWVUEJNCPF (TCPMTGKEJ )TQDTKVCPPKGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF 4WO·PKGP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV VGKNU CP $·PFEJGP QFGT CP 0CFGNP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ +++
ALBANIEN
'7412#
368
#.$#0+'0
'456' 4'27$.+-
5MCPFGTDGI 1TFGP =7TFJÀPK K 5MÀPFGTDGWV? /QFGNN )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF Z OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGU ,WYG- NKGTU 4CXKQNQ )CTFKPQ KP 4QO CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP WPF IGVTCIGPGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU (KTOGP DG\GKEJPWPI FGU ,WYGNKGTU 4CXKQNQ )CTFKPQ CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G KO TQVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 4CXKQNK )CTFKPQ 5WEEGUUQTK & %TCXCP\QNC KP 4QO OKV CWHIGFTWEMVGO IQNFHCTDGPGO TGRWDNKMCPKUEJGP &QRRGNCFNGT QJPG FKG UQIGP 5MCPFGTDGI /ÒV\G $9- <- 5VÒEM 44 ++ 5GJT UGNVGPGT 5GV FGT CWHITWPF FGT *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI WPF FGU 'VWK #WHFTWEMU KP FKG TGRWDNKMCPKUEJG <GKV \YKUEJGP WPF FCVKGTV YGTFGP MCPP
2T·UKFGPV #EJOGF <QIW JCV FGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMQTFQP OKV 5VGTP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT \KXKNGP WPF OKNKV·TKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGUVKHVGV /QFGNN &KG 5VCVWVGP FCVKGTGP XQO &G\GODGT $GPCPPV YCT FGT 1TFGP PCEJ FGO CNDCPKUEJGP (ÒTUVGP WPF 0CVKQPCNJGNFGP IGIGP FKG 1UOCPGP )LGTIL -CUVTKQVK IGPCPPV 5MÀPFGTDGWV 5MCPFGTDGI 0CEJ FGT )TÒPFWPI FGU -ÌPKITGKEJGU WPF #WUTWHWPI <QIWU \WO -ÌPKI XQP #NDCPKGP CO 5GRVGODGT YWTFG FGT 1TFGP WPXGT·PFGTV ÒDGTPQOOGP 0CEJ FGT FG HCEVQ #PPGZKQP #NDCPKGPU FWTEJ KVCNKGPKUEJG 6TWRRGP KO #RTKN YWTFG FGT 1TFGP OKV FGP -ÌPKINKEJGP &GMTGVGP 0T WPF -ÌPKI 8KMVQT 'OOCPWGNU +++ XQO WPF #RTKN ÒDGTPQOOGP UGKPG +PUKIPKGP FWTEJ *KP\WHÒIWPI FGT UCXQ[KUEJGP .KGDGUMPQVGP WPF FGU HCUEJKUVKUEJGP .KMVQTGPDÒPFGNU XGT ·PFGTV GTJKGNV FGT $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ GKPG XQNNMQOOGP PGWG )GUVCNVWPI /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI WPF FKG DKUJGTKIG 1HHK\KGTU 5VGEMFGMQTCVKQP YWTFG PCEJ KVCNKGPKUEJGO 8QTDKNF KP GKPG 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP CO $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG WOIGYCPFGNV UQYKG DGK CNNGP &QRRGNCFNGTP FGT 5VGTP ÒDGT FGP -ÌRHGP GPVHGTPV #WHITWPF FGU KVCNKGPKUEJ CNNKKGTVGP 9CHHGPUVKNNUVCPFGU XQP %CUUKDKNG XQO 5GRVGODGT ICD +VCNKGP UGKPG $GUGV\WPI #NDCPKGPU CWH YQTCWH FCU .CPF CO 1MVQDGT XQP FGT &GWVUEJGP 9GJTOCEJV DKU \WO 'PFG FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU DGUGV\V YWTFG *KGTFWTEJ JCVVG FGT 1TFGP HCMVKUEJ CWHIGJÌTV \W DGUVGJGP
113
BELGIEN
369
(ª456'067/ #0&144#
$TWFGTUEJCHVUFGMQTCVKQP FGT $TWFGTUEJCHV FGU *GKNKIVWOU FGT )QVVGUOWVVGT \W /GTKVZGNN KP #PFQTTC =5CPVWCTK FG /CTG FG &¾W FG /GTKVZGNN? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV HGKPUV GOCKNNKGTV TÒEMUGKVKIG #DFGEMWPI HGJNV CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP 6TCIGMQTFGN KP FGP CPFQTTCPKUEJGP (CTDGP 444 ++ +8
8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV &CU 9CNNHCJTVUJGKNKIVWO KP FGO 1TV /GTKVZGNN KP FGT /KVVG FGU .CPFGU IGNGIGP KUV FGT 2CVTQPKP FGU (ÒTUVGPVWOU #PFQTTC FGT )QVVGUOWVVGT /CTKC IGYGKJV
370
371
-¤0+)4'+%* $'.)+'0
.GQRQNF 1TFGP =1TFTG FG .¾QRQNF .GQRQNFUQTFG? /QFGNN OKV GKPURTCEJKIGT /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC (GTPCPF *GTGOCPU NCWV 4WQMQPGP KP 4-$ 5 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV /GFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV DGKO .ÌYGP HGJNV GKP *KPVGT- NCWH CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $9- <- ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YKTF FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
5EJQP MWT\ PCEJ FGT 6JTQPDGUVGKIWPI CO ,WPK JCV -ÌPKI .GQRQNF + CO ,WNK CNU \WP·EJUV XKGTMNCUUKIGP <KXKN WPF /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVQTFGP IGUVKHVGV /KV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO /CK GTJKGNV FGT 1TFGP GKPG YGKVGTG -NCUUG FKG FGT )TQQHHK\KGTG FKG PWT CWU GKPGO $TWUVUVGTP QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\G DGUVCPF 7O FGT <YGKURTCEJKIMGKV FGU .CPFGU 4GEJPWPI \W VTCIGP JCV -ÌPKI $CWFQWKP + UEJQP MWT\ PCEJ ªDGTPCJOG FGT 4GIKGTWPI CO ,WNK OKV &GMTGV XQP 1MVQDGT XGTHÒIV FC MÒPHVKI CWH CNNGP UVCCVNKEJGP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP FKG +PUEJTKHVGP UQYQJN KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJ YKG CWEJ HN·OKUEJ CP\WDTKPIGP UKPF
114
.GQRQNF 1TFGP =1TFTG FG .¾QRQNF .GQRQNFUQTFG? /QFGNN OKV GKPURTCEJKIGT /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC ,WNGU (QPUQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO 5RKGIGNOQPQ- ITCOO .. DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC , (QPUQP $9- <- ++
BELGIEN
372
373
.GQRQNF 1TFGP =1TFTG FG .¾QRQNF .GQRQNFUQTFG? /QFGNN OKV GKPURTCEJKIGT /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI FGU ,WYGNKGTU $WNU NCWV 4WQMQPGP KP 4-$ 5 \YKUEJGP WPF EC )QNF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG $TWUVDCPF $9- <- ++
.GQRQNF 1TFGP =1TFTG FG .¾QRQNF .GQRQNFUQTFG? /QFGNN OKV GKPURTCEJKIGT /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV 4KVVGTMTGW\ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #PHGTVKIWPI FGU ,WYGNKGTU $WNU NCWV 4WQMQPGP KP 4-$ 5 \YKUEJGP WPF EC 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV OKV IGMÌTFGNVGO $CPFTKPI CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF $9- <- 4 ++
&GT WPIGMTÌPVG .ÌYG KO /GFCKNNQP UVGNNV GKPG EJCTCMVGTKUVKUEJG 'KIGPJGKV FGT XQP $WNU JGTIGUVGNNVGP +PUKIPKGP FCT
374
-TQPGP 1TFGP =1TFG FG NC %QWTQPPG -TQQPQTFG? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT /QFGNN OKV HÒP- HCTOKIGP 5VGTPMQTRWU #WUHÒJTWPI OKV KO /GFCKNNQPHGNF GKPIGNCUUGPGT -TQPG 5KNDGT #WHNCIG XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV *CCTTKUUG KP GKPGT #TOURKV\G CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC , (QPUQP KP $TÒUUGN CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTWPIUJCMGP $9- <- ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YKTF FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
-ÌPKI .GQRQNF ++ 5QWXGT·P FGU WPCDJ·PIKIGP -QPIQUVCCVGU JCV FGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG -WPUV FKG .KVGTCVWT WPF FKG 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP OKV CHHKNKKGTVGP \YGKUVWHKIGP )QNF WPF 5KNDGT 2CNOGP WPF FTGKUVWHKIGT /GFCKNNG )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G OKV &GMTGV XQO 1MVQDGT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $WNNGVKP 1HHKEKGN FG N 'VCV +PF¾RGPFCPV FW %QPIQ 0T DKU XQO 0QXGODGT IGUVKHVGV /KV )GUGV\ XQO 1MVQDGT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO /QPKVGWT $GNIG XQO 1MVQDGT YWTFG FGT 1TFGP KP FCU DGNIKUEJG #WU\GKEJPWPIUU[UVGO KPVGITKGTV +O <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGO 'TUVGP WPF FGO <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI YWTFGP \CJNTGKEJG 'TYGKVGTWPIGP YKG 5EJCHHWPI DGUQPFGTGT $·PFGT WPF $CPFCWHNCIGP XQTIGPQOOGP /KV MÌPKINKEJGT 8GTQTFPWPI -ÌPKI $CWFQWKPU XQO 1MVQDGT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO /QPKVGWT $GNIG XQO 1MVQDGT YWTFG FKG +PUEJTKHV FGT /GFCKNNGP \YGKURTCEJKI HTCP\ÌUKUEJ WPF HN·OKUEJ FKG 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQPGP UGNDUV YWTFGP UGKV KJTGT 5VKHVWPI PKEJV XGT·PFGTV
115
BELGIEN
377
375
ex 376
-TQPGP 1TFGP =1TFG FG NC %QWTQPPG -TQQPQTFG? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP #PHGTVKIWPI XQP 0 9CNTCXGPU KP $TÒUUGN 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV UGRCTCV CWHIGNGIVGT -TQPG KO /GFCKNNQP CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 1TKIKPCNGVWK XQP 0 9CNTCXGPU $9- <- ++ +P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CV 0T YKTF FKG FC\WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
-TQPGP 1TFGP =1TFG FG NC %QWTQPPG -TQQPQTFG? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT *GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF FCVKGTV $TÒUUGN CO (GDTWCT OKV 5VGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV ªDGTUGP- FWPIUUEJTGKDGP FCVKGTV $TÒUUGN CO (GDTWCT ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FGU DGNIKUEJGP $QVUEJCHVGTU KP 2CTKU FCVKGTV CO (GDTWCT &WTEJUEJNCI FGU &CPMUEJTGKDGPU WPF <GKVWPIUDGTKEJV ÒDGT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI 6NY IGHCNVGV 5VÒEM ++
&KG FC\WIGJÌTKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP 9GKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP HÒT *GPT[ $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF UKGJG -CV 0T WPF
1TFGP .GQRQNFU ++ =1TFTG FG .¾QRQNF ++ 1TFG XCP .GQRQNF ++? /QFGNN OKV \YGKURTCEJKIGT /G- FCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV UGKV 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT URG\KGNNG -TKGIUXGTFKGPUVG =RQWT UGTXKEGU UR¾EKCWZ TGPFWU CW EQWTU FG NC IWGTTG? #WUHÒJTWPI OKV ITQGO #XGTUOGFCKNNQP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO DGUQPFGTGP $TWUVDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMGP /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI .GQRQNFU ++ DGFTWEMVGP 1TKIKPCN GVWK FGT (KTOC (KUEJ KP $TÒUUGN <- ++ &WTEJ MÌPKINKEJG 8GTQTFPWPI -ÌPKI #NDGTVU + XQO ,WPK YWTFG HÒT 8GTNGKJWPIGP HÒT URG\KGNNG 8GTFKGPUVG Y·JTGPF FGU 8GTNCWHU FGU -TKGIGU GKP DGUQPFGTGU $CPF OKV GKPIGYGDVGO IQNFGPGO /KVVGNUVTGKHGP GKPIGHÒJTV &KGU YWTFG FWTEJ MÌPKINKEJG 8GTQTFPWPI -ÌPKI .GQRQNF +++ XQO &G\GODGT CWEJ HÒT INGKEJG 8GTFKGPUVG Y·JTGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU DGUV·VKIV
116
BELGIEN
378 379
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV UKGDGP #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 8QP QHHK\KGNNGP JCNDQHHK\KGNNGP WPF KPQHHK\KGNNGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
380
*#.$ 70& +01((+<+'..' 14&'0 70& '*4'0<'+%*'0
1TFGP HÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJG 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV =1TFTG FW &¾XQWGOGPV %KXKSWG? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU FGU 9KFGTUVCPFU =1TFTG FG N 'VQKNG FG NC 4¾UKUVCPEG? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
382
383
1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU FGU 9KFGTUVCPFU =1TFTG FG N 'VQKNG FG NC 4¾UKUVCPEG? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV FGT 'KPJGKV WPF FGT 'TJCNVWPI =&¾EQTCVKQP FG NC 5QEK¾V¾ 4Q[CNG FG N 7PKQP GV /CKPVKGP? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG 4 ++
#TODKPFG FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 7PKQP FGT &GMQTKGTVGP WPF /GFCKNNGP +PJCDGT $GNIKGPU =$TCUUCTF FW 2T¾UKFGPV FG N 7PKQP 0CVKQPCNG FGU &¾EQT¾U GV /¾FCKNN¾U FG $GNIKSWG? (CJPGPUVQHH OKV HGKPUVGT VNY RNCUVKUEJGT )QNFNCJPUVKEMGTGK 44 ++
&KG )GUGNNUEJCHV JCV FKG 9CJTWPI FGT 'KPJGKV $GNIKGPU \WO <KGN IGIGP FKG -T·HVG FKG FKG 6GKNWPI FGU .CPFGU DGHÒTYQTVGP
-WTKQUG WPF UGNVGPG #OVUKPUKIPKG
117
BELGIEN
384
385 386
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 7PKQP FGT &GMQTKGTVGP WPF /GFCKNNGP +PJCDGT $GNIKGPU =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N 7PKQP 0CVKQPCNG FGU &¾EQT¾U GV /¾FCKNN¾U FG $GNIKSWG? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 7PKQP FGT &GMQTKGTVGP WPF /GFCKNNGP +PJCDGT $GNIKGPU =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N 7PKQP 0CVKQPCNG FGU &¾EQT¾U GV /¾FCKNN¾U FG $GNIKSWG? 4KVVGTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG \WO L·JTKIGP $GUVGJGP FGT 7PKQP CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF CP 6TCIGURCPIG 5VÒEM ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG DGK 'THKPFWPIGP $TQP\GPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP $TQP\G GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
390 387
388
389
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP (TCP\ÌUKUEJ $GNIKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV =&¾EQTCVKQP FG NC 5QEK¾V¾ 4Q[CNG (TCPEQ $GNIG? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF ++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGT DGNIKUEJGT )GUGNNUEJCHVUQTFGP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN- NKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGT DGNIKUEJGT )GUGNNUEJCHVUQTFGP 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGT DGNIKUEJGT )GUGNNUEJCHVUQTFGP -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
118
BULGARIEN
391 (1:1)
(ª456'067/
$7.)#4+'0
/GFCKNNG (ÒT 8GTFKGPUV =Ìåäàë ÇC Çàñëóãà ] /QFGNN OKV FGO ·NVGTGP 2QTVTCKV FGU (ÒTUVGP #NG- ZCPFGT + )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY DGTKGDGP QJPG $CPF $9- 44 ++ +++
&KG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNGP FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV FGU (ÒTUVGP #NGZCPFGT + XQP $CVVGPDGTI UKPF KP CNNGP -NCUUGP DGKFGT /QFGNNG XQP ITQGT QFGT UQICT ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV
393 (1:1) 392
1TFGP (ÒT $ÒTIGTNKEJGU 8GTFKGPUV [Îðäåí Ça Ãðàæäàíñêà Çàñëóãà ] CWEJ <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQT- FGP QFGT 0CVKQPCNGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV UQIGP TWPFGT DWNICTKUEJGT (ÒTUVGPMTQPG -TGW\ -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,QJ 5EJYGTFVPGT KP 9KGP $9- <- ++
<#4'067/
1TFGP *N *N #RQUVGN -[TKNN WPF /GVJQFKWU [Îðäåí Ñâ Ñâ Ðàâíîàïîñòîëè Êèðèë è Ìåòîäèé ] -NGKPQF HÒT FKG 6TCIGYGKUG CO 5EJWNVGTDCPF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKN- NGOCNGTGK &KG .KNKGP CWH FGP (NCOOGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OKV MNGKPGP 4WPFMQRHPKGVGP DGHGUVKIV KP FGT ¤UG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF <- 44 ++ )GUVKHVGV OKV MÌPKINKEJGO 4GUMTKRV XQP <CT (GTFKPCPF + CO /CK CNU GKPMNCUUKIGT JÌEJUVGT DWNICTKUEJGT 1TFGP FGT JÌEJUVGP 9ÒTFGPVT·IGTP XQTDGJCNVGP YCT &KG )TQG -QNNCPG FGU 1TFGPU DGUVGJGPF CWU -GVVGPINKGFGTP YCT UVCVWCTKUEJ FGO <CT XQTDGJCNVGP MQPPVG LGFQEJ CNU DGUQPFGTG #WU\GKEJPWPI CP HTGOFG EJTKUVNKEJG 5QWXGT·PG WPF KP #WUPCJOGH·NNGP CWEJ CP $WNICTGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP &GT <CT UGNDUV VTWI \W DGUQPFGTGP #PN·UUGP GKPG UQIGP )TQOGKUVGTMQNNCPG OKV ITQGP -GVVGPINKGFGTP &KG MNGKPG -QNNCPG YWTFG CP FKG MÌPKINKEJGP 2TKP\GP WPF CP HTGOFG EJTKUVNKEJG 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGT XGTNKGJGP &GT 1TFGP YWTFG XQP UGKPGT 5VKHVWPI DKU CP PWT PGWP $WNICTGP GKPUEJNKGNKEJ <CT (GTFKPCPF WPF FKG 2TKP\GP $QTKU WPF %[TKN WPF CP KPUIGUCOV #WUN·PFGT XGTNKGJGP CNU GTUVGO FGO TWUUKUEJGP <CTGP 0KMQNCWU ++ 0CEJ YWTFG FGT 1TFGP PKEJV OGJT XGT NKGJGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ PCEJ #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM CDIGUEJCHHV
119
BULGARIEN
397
394 395
396
1TFGP 5V #NGZCPFGT [Îðäåí Ñâ Àëåêñàíäúð ] /QFGNN OKV UQIGP GEMKIGT DWNICTKUEJGT <CTGPMTQPG -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO &TGKGEMUDCPF QJPG CWHIGNGIVG 4QUGVVG $9- <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí Ça Âîåííà Çàñëóãà ] CWEJ /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGT +PUKIPKGP VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI ! -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP CO YQJN UR·VGT IGHGTVKIVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV $9- <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí Ça Âîåííà Çàñëóãà ] CWEJ /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGT +PUKIPKGP VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI ! -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF FGT &KGPUVCWU\GKEJPWPI KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ $9- <- ++
1TFGP (ÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =Îðäåí Ça Âîåííà Çàñëóãà ] CWEJ /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGPCPPV /QFGNN MNGKPGT +PUKIPKGP VNY PGWG -NCUUGPGKPVGKNWPI ! -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV FGT -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV KO QTKIKPCNGP DGUEJ·FKIVGP 8GTNGKJ WPIUGVWK OKV /QPQITCOO <CT $QTKU +++ $9- <- ++
398
400
399
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT $WNICTKUEJGP $TWFGTUEJCHV XQO JN #RQUVGN #PFTGCU FGO 'TUVDGTWHGPGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF ++
1TFGP 5GRVGODGT [Îðäåí Ñåïòåìâðè ] #WUHÒJTWPI 2QTVTCKV OKV 5EJWNVGTCPUCV\ WPF -NCUUG 5VGEMFGMQTCVKQPGP &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G YGK GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI GKPGT (KTOC KP 5QHKC OKV 5EJTCWDG QJPG 5EJTCWD UEJGKDG <- FQTV H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG CNU -NCUUG DG\GKEJPGV ++
1TFGP 5GRVGODGT [Îðäåí Ñåïòåìâðè ] #WUHÒJTWPI 2QTVTCKV OKV 5EJWNVGTCPUCV\ WPF -NCUUG 5VGEMFGMQTCVKQPGP &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP $TQP\G TQV GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI GKPGT (KTOC KP 5QHKC OKV 5EJTCWDG QJPG 5EJTCWD UEJGKDG <- ++
120
DÄNEMARK
1,5:1
401
-¤0+)4'+%* & 0'/#4-
'NGRJCPVGPQTFGP ='NGHCPVQTFGPGP? <YGKV QFGT /WUGWOUCPHGTVKIWPI FGU 1TFGPU -NGKPQFGU Z OO OO FKEM 5KNDGT OCUUKX VNY XGTIQNFGV DGUGV\V OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKMU +: TGIKGTVG XQP DKU OKP 'OCKNNGCDURNKVVGTWPI CO #TO FGU /QJTGP FGUUGP &QORVGWTUVCD KP FGT TGEJVGP *CPF HGJNV 444 ++ 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK GKPYCPFHTGK WO GKPG <YGKV QFGT /WUGWOUCPHGTVKIWPI KP GKPGT OWVOCNKEJGP 'KP\GNCPHGTVK- IWPI OÌINKEJGTYGKUG FGU *GTUVGNNGTU FGT 1TKIKPCNKPUKIPKGP # /KEJGNUGP KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV 7PUGTG 4GEJGTEJGP JCDGP GTIGDGP FC CNNG 'ZGORNCTG CWEJ FKGLGPKIGP Y·JTGPF FGT 4GIKGTWPI XQP -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM +: JGTIGUVGNNVGP QJPG #WUPCJOG KP )QNF CWUIGHÒJTV YWTFGP WPF OKV GEJVGP 5VGKPGP DGUGV\V UKPF 6TQV\ ITÌVGT &GVCKNVTGWG YGKUV FCU JKGT CPIGDQVGPG 'ZGORNCT GKPG 4GKJG XQP MNGKPGP 7PVGTUEJKGFGP \W FGP XGTNKGJGPGP 1TKIKPCNGP CWH
&GPPQEJ GKP GTUVMNCUUKIGT 'TUCV\ HÒT GKP CDUQNWV PKEJV DGUEJCHHDCTGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT FC FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU PCEJ #DNGDGP FGU $GNKGJGPGP GKPGT UVTGPIUV IGJCPFJCDVGP 4ÒEMICDGRHNKEJV WPVGTNKGIGP YQ\W WPVGT DGUQPFGTGP 7O- UV·PFGP CWEJ FKG 'PVUGPFWPI GKPGU 5QPFGTIGUCPFVGP \WT 4ÒEMJQNWPI IGJÌTGP MCPP
&GT 1TFGP UEJGKPV UGKPGP 7TURTWPI KP GKPGT XQP -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCP + EC KP 4QUMKNFG NCWV -NCWU * (GFGT PCEJ FGO 8QTDKNF FGT $TCPFGPDWTIKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV 7PUGTGT .KGDGP (TCW CWEJ 5EJYCPGPQTFGP IGPCPPV IGUVKHVGV XQP -WTHÒTUV (TKGFTKEJ ++ IGUVKHVGVGP /WVVGT )QVVGU )GUGNNUEJCHV \W JCDGP FKG OKV 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP KP &·PGOCTM XGTUEJYCPF 'TUV EC UVKHVGVG KJP -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM ++ CNU 1TFGP XQO 'NGRJCPVGP PGW ICD KJO -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCP 8 FWTEJ PGWG 5VCVWVGP UGKPG JGWVKIG )GUVCNV /KV MÌPKINKEJGO 4GUMTKRV XQO #RTKN ÌHHPGVG KJP (TGFGTKM +: CWEJ HÒT (TCWGP 'T IKNV JGWVG PGDGP FGO 1TFGP XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WPF FGO *QUGPDCPFQTFGP CNU GKPGT FGT CPIGUGJGPUVGP ÒDGTJCWRV
121
DÄNEMARK
403
402
&CPPGDTQI 1TFGP =&CPPGDTQIQTFGPGP? /QFGNN UGKV $TWUVMTGW\ \WO -QOOCPFGWT -NCUUG QHHK\KGNNG #WUHÒJTWPI UGKV 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV #WHNCIGP KO (GNF )QNF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG HÒPHHCEJ XGTPKGVGV OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G #/ FGT (KTOC # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP CP &QRRGNPCFGN $9- <- ++
&GT &CPPGDTQI 1TFGP YWTFG CO 1MVQDGT XQP -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCP 8 XQP &·PGOCTM WPF 0QTYGIGP KP 'TPGWGTWPI GKPGU UEJQP XQP -ÌPKI 9CNFGOCT ++ XQP &·PGOCTM IGUVKHVGVGP 4KVVGTQTFGPU GTPGWGTV <WP·EJUV PWT CWU GKPGT -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF GTYGKVGTVG KJP -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM 8+ XQP &·PGOCTM WPF 0QTYGIGP
CO ,WPK \W GKPGO CWU XKGT -NCUUGP )TQMQOOCPFGWT CD FKG QDGTUVG -NCUUG )TQMTGW\ 4KVVGT -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT DGUVGJGPFGP CNNIGOGKPGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP CNU ·WGTGU <GKEJGP CPGTMCPPVGT $ÒTIGTRHNKEJV HÒT CNNG 7PVGTVCPGP QJPG 4ÒEMUKEJV CWH 5VCPF QFGT #FGN 1JO *KGTQP[OWUUGP KP '1 5 YWTFG FKG -QOOCPFGWTMNCUUG FKG 4KVVGTMNCUUG KP LGYGKNU \YGK )TCFG WPVGTVGKNV &GO 1TFGP KUV UGKV FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU &CPGDTQI 1TFGPU 5KNDGTPGU -TGW\ CPIGUEJNQUUGP WPF PCEJ 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV FGU LGYGKNKIGP 5QWXGT·PU YWTFG FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGT 1TFGPUMTGW\G FWTEJ #PDTKPIWPI FGU LGYGKNKIGP MÌPKINKEJGP /QPQITCOOU XGT·PFGTV
&CPPGDTQI 1TFGP =&CPPGDTQIQTFGPGP? /QFGNN UGKV #WUICDG OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU : 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU # /KEJGNUGP KP -QRGPJCIGP $9- <- ++
404
&CPPGDTQI 1TFGP =&CPPGDTQIQTFGPGP? /QFGNN UGKV #WUICDG OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKMU +: -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU XGTHNGEMVGP *CNUDCPF KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC $CESWGXKNNG KP 2CTKU <- ++ 'KPGP DGFGWVGPFGP $TWUVUVGTP FGU 1UOCPLG 1TFGPU KP $TKNNCPVGP CWU FGO $GUKV\ XQP 2TKP\ #ZGN XQP &·PG OCTM DKGVGP YKT WPVGT -CV 0T CP
122
FINNLAND
405 (1:1)
'456' 4'27$.+-
'56.#0&
1TFGP XQO 9GKGP 5VGTP =8CNIGV·JG VGGPGVGO·TM? /QFGNN 5GV FGT -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV MWT\GO 5EJWNVGTDCPF #DUEJPKVV WPF $TWUV- UVGTP 5KNDGT VGKNYGKUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $9- <- 5VÒEM ++ 9CNVGT PGPPV KP 9. 5 XQP DKU KPUIGUCOV 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGT -NCUUG FCXQP CP 'UVGP WPF XKGT CP &GWVUEJG
1DYQJN DGTGKVU IGUVKHVGV MCO FGT HÒPHMNCUUKIG <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP GTUV CD \WT 8GTNGKJWPI /KV FGT #PPGMVKQP 'UVNCPFU FWTEJ FKG 5QYLGVWPKQP GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP #O /CK YWTFG GT XQP FGT \YGKVGP GUVPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM YKGFGT KPU .GDGP IGTWHGP YQDGK FGT $TWUVUVGTP GKPG GVYCU XGT·PFGTVG )GUVCNV GTJKGNV
406
407
4'27$.+- (+00.#0&
1TFGP FGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\GU =8CRCWFGPTKUVKP TKVCTKMWPVC? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN /G- FCKNNG (ÒT 6CRHGTMGKV -NCUUG OKV FGO 4QVGP -TGW\ $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF $9- <- ++
4KVVGTQTFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG =5WQOGP 8CNMQKUGP 4WWUWP TKVCTKMWPVC? )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF #WUHÒJTWPI OKV JQTK\QPVCN CPIGNÌVGVGT ¤UG UGKV 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C #6 HÒT FKG (KTOC # 6KNNCPFGT KP *GNUKPMK WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G * CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI $TWUVUVGTP CWH \YGK 5RKV\GP UVGJGPF UGKV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY XGTICPIGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G # 6KNNCPFGT 5KNDGTRWP\G * WPF ,CJTGU RWP\G - HÒT CP XGTIQNFGVGT 0CFGN $9- <- 5VÒEM ++
#O ,CPWCT UVKHVGVG FGT PWPOGJTKIG 4GKEJUXGTYGUGT %CTN )WUVCX (TGKJGTT XQP /CPPGTJGKO FGP MNCUUKIGP 1TFGP FGO FCU <GKEJGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKUGP 4QUG UQYKG GKPG FTGKUVWHKIG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG CPIGUEJNQUUGP KUV YWTFGP +PUKIPKGP OKV 5EJYGTVGTP HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV KO (GNFG IGUEJCHHGP 8IN -NKGVOCPP -WTV ) (KPPNCPF 1TFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG +P 1TFGPU .GZKMQP $CPF $GTNKP Q ,
123
FINNLAND
408
410
ex 411
409
4KVVGTQTFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG =5WQOGP 8CNMQKUGP 4WWUWP TKVCTKMWPVC? -QOOCPFGWT- MTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV JQTK\QPVCN CPIGNÌVGVGT ¤UG UGKV 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGEJKRU CWH \YGK -TGW\CTOGP FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG KP FGT ¤UG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C #6 HÒT FKG (KTOC # 6KNNCPFGT KP *GNUKPMK WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G * CO MQPHGMVKQPKGTVGP *CNUDCPF OKV /GVCNNUEJNKGGP UEJYGFKUEJGT #TV $9- <- ++ +++
4KVVGTQTFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG =5WQOGP 8CNMQKUGP 4WWUWP TKVCTKMWPVC? 0KEJV QTKIKPCNG #PHGTVKIWPI FGU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\GU $TQP\G GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++
$GK FKGUGP QHV CNU HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPIGP DG\GKEJPGVGP 'ZGORNCTGP FKG NGKEJV W C CP FGO \YKUEJGP FGO WPVGTGP WPF FGO TGEJVGP -TGW\CTO KP XGTMGJTVGT 4KEJVWPI PCEJ WPVGP UVCVV TKEJVKIGTYGKUG PCEJ QDGP DNKEMGPF CPIGDTCEJVGP .ÌYGPMQRH GTMGPPDCT UKPF JCPFGNV GU UKEJ WO KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH FGP /CTMV IGDTCEJVGP (·NUEJWPIGP \WO 5EJCFGP FGT 5COONGT
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG FGT 5EJYGFKUEJGP $TKICFG =5XGPUMC $TKICFGPKP OWKUVQOKVCNK? KO (KPPKUEJGP (TGKJGKVUMTKGI 'KUGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT #ITCHHG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC % % 5RQT- TQPI KP 5VQEMJQNO QJPG $CPF $9- ++
.QVVC 5X·TF 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG 8GTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV \WUCOOGP OKV .QVVC 5X·TF /KVINKGFU CD\GKEJGP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 5KNDGTRWP\GP WPF 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
412
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU (TGKYKNNKIGP FGT 5EJYGFKUEJGP $TKICFG KO (KPPKUEJGP (TGKJGKVUMTKGI OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 1TFGP FGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\GU /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN 6CRHGTMGKVUOGFCKNNG ++ -NCUUG $TQP\G &KVQ -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 'TKPPGTWPIU OGFCKNNG FGT 5EJYGFKUEJGP $TKICFG KO (KPPKUEJGP (TGKJGKVUMTKGI 'KUGP 6CORGTG /GFCKNNG 'KUGP XGTUKNDGTV /GFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP (TGKJGKVUMTKGI 'KUGP OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G 5 %Q FGT (KTOC % % 5RQTTQPI %Q KP 5VQEMJQNO #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++ /GJTG UEJYGFKUEJG ITQG 1TFGPU WPF /KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNGP OKV HKPPKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT 5%*9'&'0
124
FRANKREICH
413 414
(4#0-4'+%* -¤0+)4'+%* #0%+'0 4')+/' $+5
1TFGP FGU 5VCEJGNUEJYGKPU =1TFTG FW 2QTE RKE QFGT 1TFTG FW %COCKN? 2JCPVCUKGUEJÌRHWPI GKPGU 1TFGPUUVGTPU XGTUKNDGTV ++
&GT 1TFGP YWTFG XQP .QWKU FG 8CNQKU &WE F 1TN¾CPU CWU #PNC FGT )GDWTV UGKPGU GTUVGP 5QJPGU %JCTNGU IGUVKHVGV &CU 5VCEJGNUEJYGKP YWTFG CNU YGJTJCHVGU 6KGT IGFGWVGV GPVURTGEJGPF FGT 8QTUVGNNWPI FC GU FWTEJ UGKPG 5VCEJGNP PKEJV PWT KO 0CJMCORH IGUEJÒV\V UGK UQPFGTP FKGUG CWEJ CWH GPVHGTPVG )GIPGT CDUEJKGGP MÌPPG #NU FGT 5QJP XQP %JCTNGU .QWKU FG 8CNQKU CNU .QWKU :++ FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6JTQP XQP (TCPMTGKEJ DGUVKGI GTPGWGTVG GT FGP 1TFGP FWTEJ 8GTNGKJWPI CP GKPKIG UGKPGT )GHQNIUNGWVG +O ,CJTJWPFGTV GTNQUEJ FGT 1TFGP YKMKRGFKC HT
-¤0+)4'+%* 4'56#74#6+10
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT .KNKG HÒT FKG 0CVKQPCNICTFG XQP 2CTKU UQIGP 1TFGP FGT 6TGWG =1TFTG FG NC (KF¾NKV¾? #WUHÒJTWPI OKV (+&'.+6' &'817'/'06 KO #XGTU /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV #DRNCV\WPIGP WPF %JKRU KP FGT YGKGP WPF KP FGT DNCWGP 'OCKNNG CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 5EJNGKHG $9- ++ +++
415 (1:1)
1TFGP FGU JN /KEJCGN =1TFTG FG 5V /KEJGN? /QFGTPG #PHGTVKIWPI GKPGU CNU )TQMTGW\ -NGKPQF IGVTCIGPGU 1TFGPUMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I KO MCPPGNKGTVGP $CPFTKPI PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG 2WP\G QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF ++ 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG 5COONGT QFGT /WUGWOU #PHGTVKIWPI YQJN FGT (KTOC %GLCNXQ KP /CFTKF GKPGU PKEJV \W DGUEJCHHGPFGP CNU )TQMTGW\ -NGKPQF IGVTCIGPGU 1TFGPUMTGW\ KO 5VKNG FGT 4GUVCWTCVKQP \YKUEJGP WPF
125
FRANKREICH
417 (1:1)
417 (1:1) ex 416
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT .KNKG =&¾EQTCVKQP FW .[U? <YGK 'ZGORNCTG &GMQTCVKQP KP -TGW\HQTO OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT DNCW WPF ITÒP GOCKNNKGTV &GMQTCVKQP KP .KNKGPHQTO OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT ,GYGKNU QJPG $·PFEJGP \WUCOOGP OQPVKGTV WPVGT )NCU KP CNVGO QXCNGO $TQP\GTCJOGP 4ÒEMUGKVGP PKEJV \W GTMGPPGP 5VÒEM ++ +++ ++
<9'+6'5 (4#0<¤5+5%*'5 -#+5'44'+%*
/KNKV·TOGFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG /KNKVCKTG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPC- VWT $#44' CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGEJKRU WPF TGRCTCVWT CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG 'OCKNNG FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG XQNNUV·PFKI GTPGWGTV CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF $9- ++
&KG /KNKV·TOGFCKNNG YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO ,CPWCT XQP 2TKP\ 2T·UKFGPV .QWKU 0CRQN¾QP $QPCRCTVG FGO UR·VGTGP -CKUGT 0CRQN¾QP +++ IGUVKHVGV /QFGNN \WT $GNQJPWPI HÒT OWVKIGP 'KPUCV\ GTNKVVGPG UEJYGTG 8GTYWPFWPIGP QFGT HÒT NCPIL·JTKIG VTGWG &KGPUVG XQP 7PVGTQHHK\KGTGP WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP #WEJ /CTUEJ·NNG WPF )GPGT·NG MÌPPGP FKG /GFCKNNG KP #WUPCJOGH·NNGP HÒT JGTXQTTCIGPFG (ÒJTWPIUNGKUVWPIGP GTJCNVGP 5KG TCPIKGTV PCEJ FGO 1TFGP FGT $GHTGKWPI WPF XQT FGO 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP #PHCPI YWTFG FKG )GUVCNVWPI NGKEJV XGT·PFGTV /QFGNN /KV &GMTGV FGT RTQXKUQTKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI XQO 0QXGODGT GTJKGNV UKG GKP PGWGU TGRWDNKMCPKUEJGU #WUUGJGP OKV GKPGO (TCWGPMQRH /CTKCPPG WPF FGT ,CJTGU\CJN CWH FGO #XGTU /QFGNN /KV &GMTGV XQO (GDTWCT YWTFG FKG ,CJTGU\CJN FWTEJ GKPGP 5VGTP GTUGV\V /QFGNN YWTFG FKG #P\CJN FGT 5VGTPG CWH FTGK GTYGKVGTV /QFGNN /KV FGT /GFCKNNG MÌPPGP CWEJ OKNKV·TKUEJG 'KPJGKVGP WPF #WUN·PFGT FGMQTKGTV YGTFGP \ $ (TCPMNKP & 4QQUGYGNV RQUVWO CO #RTKN 9KPUVQP %JWTEJKNN CO /CK WPF &YKIJV & 'KUGPJQYGT CO /CK FKG LGYGKNU FKG #WUHÒJTWPI HÒT )GPGT·NG GTJKGNVGP
419 (1:1) ex 418 (1:1)
126
419 (1:1)
5V *GNGPC /GFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG FG 5CKPVG *¾N½PG? -QPXQNWV XQP FTGK 'ZGORNCTGP $TQP\G FCXQP \YGK CP CNVGP $·PFGTP &C\W FTGK YGKVGTG #WU\GKEJPWPIGP FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU VGKNU XGTIQNFGV GKPG VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP $·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
/GFCKNNG HÒT FGP +VCNKGP (GNF\WI =/¾FCKNNG FG NC %CORCIPG F +VCNKG? #WUHÒJTWPI
FGHKPKVKXG (QTO QJPG -TQPG #WUICDG OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT $#44' 5KNDGT CO CNVGP $TWUVDCPF $9- C 54 ++
FRANKREICH
420
421
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG %JKPC 'ZRGFKVKQP =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FG N 'ZR¾FKVKQP FG %JKPG?
#WUICDG OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT $#44' 5KNDGT CO CNVGP DGUVKEMVGP $TWUVDCPF $9- C 54 ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG /GZKMQ 'ZRGFKVKQP =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FG N 'ZR¾FKVKQP FW /GZKSWG? #WUICDG OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT $#44' 5KNDGT CO CNVGP DGUVKEMVGP $TWUV- DCPF $9- C 54 ++
423
422
&4+66' $+5 (ª0(6' (4#0<¤5+5%*' 4'27$.+- 5'+6 14&'0
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP =1TFTG PCVKQPCN FG NC .¾IKQP F JQPPGWT? UGKV /QFGNN
OKV /CTKCPPG WPF CWH FGO #XGTU /GFCKNNQP FGT 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP WPF FGU $TWUVUVGTPU -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP UQIGP 1TFQPPCP\ #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I 5RTÃ&#x2019;PIG WPF #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGT YGKÂGP 'OCKNNG KO $CPF FGT -TCP\UEJNGKHG WPF KO $CPFTKPI 2CTKUGT -NGKPG )QNF )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV #FNGTMQRH CO *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC #WEQE KP 2CTKU $9- <- ++ +++
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP =1TFTG PCVKQPCN FG NC .¾IKQP F JQPPGWT? UGKV /QFGNN
OKV /CTKCPPG WPF CWH FGO #XGTU /GFCKNNQP FGT 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP WPF FGU $TWUVUVGTPU 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP ,WYGNKGT #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI ¯ HKNGVU 5KNDGT <GPVTGP OGJTVGKNKI )QNF GOCKN NKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV 6TCIGTCJG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ) .GOCKVTG KP 2CTKU OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO 9KFOWPIUCWHFTWEM # /4 . #$$Â&#x2014; )#..#; *1//#)' 4'52'%67'7: '6 4'%100#+55#06 /#+510 &' .# .Â&#x2014;)+10 & *100'74 56 &'0+5 $9- <- + ++
127
FRANKREICH
425
426
424
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP =1TFTG PCVKQPCN FG NC .¾IKQP F JQPPGWT? UGKV /QFGNN
OKV /CTKCPPG WPF CWH FGO #XGTU /GFCKNNQP FGT 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP WPF FGU $TWUVUVGTPU 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP ,WYGNKGT #WUHÒJTWPI OKV 5VGKPGP 5KNDGT <GPVTGP OGJTVGKNKI )QNF GOCKNNKGTV FKG -TCP\ÒDGTJÌJWPI RNCUVKUEJ IGCTDGKVGV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU FKG -ÒIGNEJGP FGT -TGW\CTO URKV\GP WPF FKG ¤UG FGT -TCP\ ªDGTJÌJWPI DGUGV\V OKV \GJP XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ GKP -ÒIGNEJGP HGJNV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $9- XCT <- XCT 4 ++ +++ 0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP =1TFTG PCVKQPCN FG NC .¾IKQP F JQPPGWT? UGKV /QFGNN
OKV /CTKCPPG WPF CWH FGO #XGTU /GFCKNNQP FGT 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP WPF FGU $TWUVUVGTPU /KPKCVWT \WT 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 9GK WPF )GNDIQNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV DGUGV\V OKV $TKNNCPVGP IGRTÒHV WPF 5OCTCIFGP CO $·PFEJGP KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC # -T¾VN[ KP 2CTKU OKV 9KFOWPIUUEJKNFEJGP + ++ 0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP =1TFTG PCVKQPCN FG NC .¾IKQP F JQPPGWT? UGKV /QFGNN
OKV /CTKCPPG WPF 5VGTP KO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ Z OO PQTOCNG UQIGP 1TFQPPCP\ #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU WPF CWUDTÒEJG CWH #XGTU WPF 4GXGTU 6TCIGÌUG GVYCU XGTDQIGP KP FGT $CPFUEJNGKHG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF <- 4 ++ +++
5GNVGP 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKP YKTMNKEJGU )TQMTGW\MNGKPQF WPF PKEJV WO GKPG -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP
427
428
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP =1TFTG PCVKQPCN FG NC .¾IKQP F JQPPGWT? UGKV -QPXQNWV XQP EC -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVGP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP )TÌGP ++
1TFGP FGT $GHTGKWPI =1TFTG FG NC .KD¾TCVKQP? 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP 0QTOCNCWUHÒJTWPI $TQP\G VNY NC- EMKGTV CO UQIGPCPPVGP 5VCPFCTF $CPF <- ++
&GT GKPMNCUUKIG 1TFGP /KVINKGF =%QORCIPQP? FGT WPOKVVGNDCT PCEJ FGO 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP TCPIKGTV YWTFG OKV 1TFQPPCP\ XQO 0QXGODGT XQP )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG %JGH FGT 5VTGKVMT·HVG FGU (TGKGP (TCPMTGKEJ =(TCPEG .KDTG? KP $TC\\CXKNNG KO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -QPIQ IGUVKHVGV \WT $GNQJPWPI XQP <KXKN WPF /KNKV·TRGTUQPGP UR·VGT CWEJ XQP )GOGKPFGP HÒPH 8GTNGKJWPIGP WPF OKNKV·TKUEJGP 'KPJGKVGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP FKG KP CWGTIGYÌJPNKEJGT (QTO HÒT FKG $GHTGKWPI (TCPMTGKEJU V·VKI YCTGP <WO GKP\KIGP )TQOGKUVGT FGU 1TFGPU GKP #OV FCU OKV UGKPGO 6QF CO 0QXGODGT GTNQUEJ YWTFG )GPGTCN FG )CWNNG DGUVKOOV 1DYQJN FKG 8GTNGKJWPIGP OKV &GMTGV XQO (GDTWCT GKPIGUVGNNV YQTFGP UKPF YWTFG 5KT 9KPUVQP %JWTEJKNN PQEJ \WO %QORCIPQP FG NC .KD¾TCVKQP GTPCPPV FGT XGTUVQTDGPG DTKVKUEJG -ÌPKI )GQTI 8+ RQUVWO 0CVWTIGO· NGDGP JGWVG PWT PQEJ YGPKIG /KVINKGFGT FGU 1TFGPU
128
FRANKREICH
431 (1:1) 429
433 430
0CVKQPCNGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FG /¾TKVG? GTUVG #WUHÒJTWPI OKV OGJTVGKNKIGP /GFCKNNQPU 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF <- ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO &G \GODGT XQP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG IGUVKHVGV WO FKG \CJNTGKEJGP KPUIGUCOV KP\YKUEJGP GZKUVKGTGPFGP FTGKMNCUUKIGP OKPKUVGTKGNNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP ITÌVGPVGKNU WPF FKG PQEJ GZKUVKGTGPFGP FTGK -QNQPKCNQTFGP \W GTUGV\GP YQDGK FGT 1TFGP FGT #MCFGOKUEJGP 2CNOGP FGT .CPFYKTVUEJCHVU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT /CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP WPF FGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO -WPUV WPF .KVGTCVWT GTJCNVGP YWTFGP WPF DKU JGWVG XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP
'JTGP\GKEJGP GKPGU 1HHK\KGTU FGT 8QNMUDKNFWPI =&¾EQTCVKQP F 1HHKEKGT FG N +PUVTWEVKQP 2WDNKSWG?
UQIGP )QNFGPG #MCFGOKUEJG 2CNOGP /QFGNN )QNF DGUGV\V OKV \YGK &KCOCPVTQUGP I KP FGT ¤UG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC # $CSWGXKNNG KP 2CTKU WPF -NGKPG )QNF )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV #FNGTMQRH CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO 'VWK $9- <- + ++ 5GJT RNCUVKUEJ IGCTDGKVGV WPF KP GEJV )QNF UGJT UGNVGP
/KV MCKUGTNKEJGO &GMTGV XQO /·T\ QTICPKUKGTVG -CKUGT 0CRQN¾QP + FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 7PKXGT UKV·V YQFWTEJ GT CWEJ \YGK 'JTGPVKVGN UEJWH 1HHK\KGT FGT 7PKXGTUKV·V =1HHKEKGT FG N 7PKXGTUKV¾? WPF 1HHK\KGT FGT #MCFGOKGP =1HHKEKGT FGU #ECF¾OKGU? FGTGP +PUKIPKGP CWU CWH FGT 4QDG IGUVKEMVGP IGMTGW\VGP 2CNO\YGKIGP DGUVCPFGP FKG LG PCEJ 4CPI UKNDGT QFGT IQNFHCTDGP YCTGP WPF WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJG )TÌGP JCVVGP /KV &GMTGV XQP ·PFGTVG FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 2T·UKFGPV 2TKP\ .QWKU 0CRQN¾QP $QPCRCTVG FGT UR·VGTG -CKUGT 0CRQN¾QP +++ FKG $G\GKEJPWPIGP KP 1HHK\KGT FGT #MCFGOKG =1HHKEKGT FG N #ECF¾OKG? UKNDGTHCTDGP WPF 1HHK\KGT FGT 8QNMUDKNFWPI =1HHKEKGT FG N +PUVTWEVKQP 2WDNKSWG? IQNFHCTDGP /KV MCKUGTNKEJGO &GMTGV XQO #RTKN YWTFGP PWPOGJT VTCIDCTG /GVCNN &GMQTCVKQPGP CP XKQNGVVGP $·PFGTP ÒDNKEJGTYGKUG #MCFGOKUEJG 2CNOGP =2CNOGU #ECF¾OKSWGU? IGPCPPV KP FGP INGKEJGP (CTDGP WPF $G\GKEJPWPIGP IGUVKHVGV YQDGK FKG IQNFHCTDGPG &GMQTCVKQP FGT 1HHK\KGTG FGT 8QNMUDKNFWPI CP GKPGO $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG IGVTCIGP YWTFG &KGUG &GMQTCVKQP ÒDGTUVCPF CWEJ FGP <WUCOOGPDTWEJ FGU -CKUGTTGKEJU
'JTGP\GKEJGP GKPGU 1HHK\KGTU FGT 8QNMUDKNFWPI =&¾EQTCVKQP F 1HHKEKGT FG N +PUVTWEVKQP 2WDNKSWG?
UQIGP )QNFGPG #MCFGOKUEJG 2CNOGP /KPKCVWT )QNF KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G WPF -NGKPG )QNF )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV #FNGTMQRH CO $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO .GFGTGVWK XQP (C[QNNG KP 2CTKU ++
-QPXQNWV XQP FTGK UQIGP #MCFGOKUEJGP 2CNOGP 'KP 'JTGP\GKEJGP GKPGU 1HHK\KGTU FGT 8QNMUDKNFWPI =&¾EQTCVKQP F 1HHKEKGT FG N +PUVTWEVKQP 2WDNKSWG? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG WPF \YGK 'JTGP\GKEJGP GKPGU 1HHK\KGTU FGT #MCFGOKG =&¾EQTCVKQP F 1HHKEKGT FG N #ECF¾OKG? 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF $9- <- 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++
1TFGP FGT #MCFGOKUEJGP 2CNOGP =1TFTG FGU 2CNOGU #ECF¾OKSWGU? /QFGNN UGKV -QO OCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $9- <- ++
/KV &GMTGV XQO 1MVQDGT YWTFG FCU 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT #MCFGOKUEJGP 2CNOGP KP GKPGP FTGKMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP =-QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT? WOIGYCPFGNV &GT 1TFGP FGT XQO 7PVGTTKEJVU /KPKUVGTKWO XGTYCNVGV YKTF YWTFG DGK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG PKEJV CWHIGJQDGP WPF YKTF DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV XGTNKGJGP
129
FRANKREICH
435 434 438
436
437
.CPFYKTVUEJCHVU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG FG /¾TKVG #ITKEQNG? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP #WUHÒJTWPI
QJPG CWH FGO /GFCKNNQPTKPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK XQP ) .GOCKVTG KP 2CTKU $9- <- ++
.CPFYKTVUEJCHVU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG FG /¾TKVG #ITKEQNG? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG $9- <- ++
1TFGP HÒT /CTKPGXGTFKGPUVG =1TFG FW /¾TKVG /CTKVKOG? /QFGNN OKV TÒEMUGKVKIGT +PUEJTKHV /#4+0' /#4%*#0&' -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG 5EJ·FGP KP FGT ¤UG PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCT RWP\KGTV CWH FGO $CPFTKPI HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $9- <- +++ +8
1TFGP HÒT /CTKPGXGTFKGPUVG =1TFG FW /¾TKVG /CTKVKOG? /QFGNN OKV TÒEMUGKVKIGT +PUEJTKHV /#4+0' /#4%*#0&' 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV GKPG 5VTCJNGPURKV\G OKV OKP 'OCKNNGUEJ·FGP CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $9- <- ++
1TFGP HÒT 5Q\KCNXGTFKGPUVG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 5QEKCN? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP #WUDTÒEJG KP FGP 5VGTPURKV\GP CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $9- <- ++ +++
&GT WTURTÒPINKEJ GKPMNCUUKIG 4KVVGT 1TFGP YWTFG CWH +PKVKCVKXG FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP .CPFYKTVUEJCHVUOKPKUVGTU ,WNGU /¾NKPG OKV &GMTGV XQO ,WNK IGUVKHVGV YWTFG FKG 1HHK\KGTUMNCUUG GKPIGHÒJTV WPF FKG -QOOCPFGWTUMNCUUG &GT 1TFGP FGT XQO /KPKUVGTKWO HÒT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV WPF (QTUVGP XGTYCNVGV YKTF YWTFG DGK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG
PKEJV CWHIGJQDGP WPF YKTF DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV XGTNKGJGP
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG *CPFGNUOCTKPG YWTFG OKV )GUGV\ XQO (GDTWCT IGUVKHVGV WPF OKV )GUGV\ XQO 5GRVGODGT OQFKHK\KGTV &GT 1TFGP FGT JGWVG XQO /KPKUVGTKWO HÒT 9KTVUEJCHV WPF (KPCP\GP XGTYCNVGV YKTF YWTFG DGK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG PKEJV CWHIGJQDGP WPF YKTF DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV XGTNKGJGP
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO 1MVQDGT IGUVKHVGV WPF XQO #TDGKVU /KPKUVGTKWO XGTYCNVGV $GK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG KUV GT \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP YQTFGP
130
FRANKREICH
439
441
440
1TFGP HÒT 5Q\KCNXGTFKGPUVG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 5QEKCN? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG $9- <- ++
1TFGP HÒT 5Q\KCNXGTFKGPUVG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 5QEKCN? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP LÒPIGTG #PHGTVKIWPI OKV -ÒIGNEJGP CP FGP 5VTCJNGPURKV\GP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIG- NGIVGT 4QUGVVG $9- <- ++
1TFGP HÒT 5Q\KCNXGTFKGPUVG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 5QEKCN? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP LÒPIGTG #PHGTVKIWPI OKV -ÒIGNEJGP CP FGP 5VTCJNGPURKV\GP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $9- <- ++
442 443
444
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 8QNMUIGUWPFJGKV =1TFTG FG NC 5CPV¾ 2WDNKSWG? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $9- <- ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU )GUWPFJGKVUYGUGP FKG #TOGPHÒT- UQTIG WPF FGP -KPFGTUEJWV\ YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO (GDTWCT IGUVKHVGV OKV &GMTGV XQO /CK OQFKHK\KGTV WPF XQO )GUWPFJGKVU /KPKUVGTKWO XGTYCNVGV $GK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG KUV GT \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP YQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP *CPFGN =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG %QOOGTEKCN? /QFGNN OKV /'4+6' %1//'4%+#. CWH FGO 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQP -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKN- NKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $9- <- 4 ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP *CPFGN WPF FKG +PFWUVTKG YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO /CK IGUVKHVGV WPF XQO /KPKUVGTKWO HÒT *CPFGN WPF +PFWUVTKG XGTYCNVGV /KV &GMTGV XQO ,WPK GTJKGNV GT FKG $G\GKEJPWPI 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP *CPFGN WPF FKG +PFWUVTKG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG %QOOGTEKCN GV +PFWUVTKGN? $GK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG KUV GT \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP YQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP 6QWTKUOWU =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 6QWTKUVKSWG? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG <- ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 'PVYKEMNWPI FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6QWTKUOWU YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO /CK IGUVKHVGV WPF XQO /KPKUVGTKWO HÒT ÌHHGPVNKEJG #TDGKVGP XGTYCNVGV $GK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG
KUV GT \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP YQTFGP
131
FRANKREICH
446
447
445 449 448
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU 2QUVYGUGP =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 2QUVCN? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF <- 4 ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU 2QUV 6GNGRJQP WPF 6GNG ITCRJGPYGUGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO 0QXGODGT IGUVKHVGV WPF XQO /KPKUVGTKWO HÒT FCU 2QUV WPF (GTP OGNFGYGUGP XGTYCNVGV $GK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG KUV GT \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP YQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 8QNMUYKTVUEJCHV =1TFTG FG N 'EQPQOKG 0CVKQPCNG? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF <- 4 ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 9KTVUEJCHV YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO ,CPWCT IGUVKHVGV WPF XQO (KPCP\ /KPKUVGTKWO XGTYCNVGV $GK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUV QTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG KUV GT \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP YQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP 5RQTV =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 5RQTVKH? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT CWH FGO WPVGTGP 4CPF OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG <- ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO (ÌTFGTWPI FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5RQTVU YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO ,WNK IGUVKHVGV WPF XQO /KPKUVGTKWO HÒT 0CVKQPCNG 'T\KGJWPI XGTYCNVGV $GK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG KUV GT \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP YQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG #TDGKV =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG FW 6TCXCKN? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF <- 4 ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU #TDGKVUYGUGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO ,CPWCT IGUVKHVGV WPF XQO #TDGKVU /KPKUVGTKWO XGTYCNVGV $GK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG KUV GT \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP YQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG /KNKVCKTG? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF <- 4 ++ &GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT XGTFKGPUVXQNNGP KPUVTWMVKXGP WPF HTGKYKNNKIGP 'KPUCV\ KP FGT 4GUGTXG KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO /·T\ IGUVKHVGV WPF XQO 8GTVGKFKIWPIU /KPKUVGTKWO XGTYCNVGV $GK 5VKHVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU CO &G\GODGT FWTEJ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG KUV GT \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP YQTFGP
132
FRANKREICH
452
453 Rv.
450
&4+66' $+5 (ª0(6' (4#0<¤5+5%*' 4'27$.+- 5'+6 '*4'0<'+%*'0
-TKGIUMTGW\ =%TQKZ FG )WGTTG? /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV FGP ,CJTGU\CJNGP CWH FGO 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQP FKGUG GVYCU GKPIGFTÒEMV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGO 5VGTP WPF (QWTTCI½TG $9- 54 ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC XGTUEJKGFGPGP OKNKV·TKUEJGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV GKPGU GOCKNNKGTV CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP OKV XKGT $CPFURCPIGP KP UGJT IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
-QNQPKCN /GFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG %QNQPKCNG? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI OKV DGKFUGKVKI IGRT·IVGT $CPFTCJG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT )'14)'5 .'/#+4' KP FGT $CPFTCJG *GTUVGNNGT- RWP\G FGT (KTOC %COKNNG 4QWZ WPF )CTCPVKGRWP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT UGKV 'DGTMQRHRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU CWUIGDNGKEJVGP $CPF OKV -NGOO $CPFURCPIG 5'0')#. 517&#0 5KNDGT OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC %COKNNG 4QWZ WPF )CTCPVKGRWP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT UGKV 'DGTMQRH RWP\G CWH #XGTU WPF 4GXGTU $9- DG 54 ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG 6QPMKP 'ZRGFKVKQP =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FG N 'ZR¾FKVKQP FW 6QP- MKP? #WUICDG HÒT /CTKPG 'KPJGKVGP OKV %#7 %+# CWH FGO 4GXGTU #WUHÒJTWPI OKV QNKXGP- HÌTOKIGT ¤UG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT &#0+'. &727+5 CO CNVGP $CPF $9- 54 ++
454
455
456
/CFCICUMCT 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FG /CFCICUECT? 'ZRGFKVKQP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV QNKXGPHÌTOKIGT ¤UG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT &#0+'. &727+5 CO CNVGP $CPF $9- 54 ++
/CFCICUMCT 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FG /CFCICUECT? 'ZRGFKVKQP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV QNKXGPHÌTOKIGT ¤UG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT 1 416; CO CNVGP $TWUVDCPF OKV $CPFURCPIG $9- 54 ++
%JKPC 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FG %JKPG? 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGK- FGT 5KIPCVWT )'14)'5 .'/#+4' CO $TWUVDCPF OKV $CPFURCPIG %*+0' $9- 54 + ++
133
FRANKREICH
457
459 Rv.
460 Rv.
/CTQMMQ 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FW /CTQE? 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGN- UEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT )'14)'5 .'/#+4' CO $TWUVDCPF OKV \YGK $CPFURCPIGP /#41% WPF %#5#$.#0%# $9- 54 ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC CEJV XGTUEJKGFGPGP (GNF\WIU WPF -QNQPKCN #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP OKV UGEJU $CPFURCPIGP KP UGJT IWVGP 'TJCNVWP- IGP 5VÒEM ++
-TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIU /GFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FG NC )WGTTG ? )TQG #WUHÒJTWPI &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT )'14)'5 .'/#+4' CO CNVGP $CPF $9- XCT 54 ++
+P 5KNDGT PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP &KG /GFCKNNG YWTFG CO 0QXGODGT CNUQ XKGT\KI ,CJTG PCEJ -TKGIUGPFG IGUVKHVGV
+PVGTCNNKKGTVG 5KGIGUOGFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG FG NC 8KEVQKTG? +PQHHK\KGNNG #WUICDG OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGK- FGT 5KIPCVWTGP / 2#7616 WPF . 1 /CVVGK CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $9- ++
462
ex 463 Rv.
461
464
+PVGTCNNKKGTVG 5KGIGUOGFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG FG NC 8KEVQKTG? +PQHHK\KGNNG #WUICDG OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGK- FGT 5KIPCVWT %JCTNGU CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF \WUCOOGP CP $CPFTCJG OKV -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIU OGFCKNNG CO $TWUVDCPF OKV $CPFUEJPCNNG '0)#)'' 81.106#+4' $9- ++
+PVGTCNNKKGTVG 5KGIGUOGFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG FG NC 8KEVQKTG? +PQHHK\KGNNG #WUICDG QJPG 5VGORGNUEJPGK- FGT 5KIPCVWT NGGTG 4ÒEMUGKVG CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $9- ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC FTGK XGTUEJKGFGPGP +PVGTCNNKKGTVGP 5KGIGUOGFCKNNGP #WU $GNIKGP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF 2QTVWICN LGYGKNU $TQP\G CP $TWUVD·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
&C 2QTVWICN GTUV CO #RTKN CWH 5GKVGP FGT 'PVGPVG KP FGP 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI GKPIGVTGVGP KUV WPF PWT GKP TGNCVKX MNGKPGU -QPVKPIGPV UVGNNVG KUV FKG RQTVWIKGUKUEJG /GFCKNNG TGNCVKX UGNVGP 2QTVWICN JCVVG KPUIGUCOV ÒDGT 5QNFCVGP GPVUCPFV YQXQP IGHCNNGP XGTYWPFGV WPF IGHCPIGP WPF XGTUEJQNNGP UKPF
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG 5EJNCEJV WPF FKG )GHGEJVG CWH FGO %JGOKP FGU &COGU KO &¾RCTVGOGPV #KUPG DKU WPF =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FW %JGOKP FGU &COGU FCPU N #KUPG GV ? $TQP\G CO $TWUVDCPF OKV $CPFURCPIG #+50' ++ &GT %JGOKP FGU &COGU KUV GKP 2NCVGCW \YKUEJGP .CQP WPF 5QKUUQPU KO &¾RCTVGOGPV #KUPG CWH FGO Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP WPF <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU OGJTGTG 5EJNCEJVGP WPF )GHGEJVG W C WPF #KUPG 5EJNCEJV 5EJNCEJV CWH FGO %JGOKP FGU &COGU \YKUEJGP FGWVUEJGP WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6TWRRGP UVCVVHCPFGP
134
FRANKREICH
465
467
466
468
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG 5QOOG 5EJNCEJVGP =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FGU $CVCKNNGU FG NC 5QOOG ? $TQP\G CO $CPF 54 ++
&KG 5QOOG 5EJNCEJV FKG XQO ,WPK DKU \WO 0QXGODGT \YKUEJGP FGWVUEJGP WPF CNNKKGTVGP 6TWRRGP KP FGT 2KECTFKG KO 0QTFGP (TCPMTGKEJU VQDVG QJPG \W GKPGT OKNKV·TKUEJGP 'PVUEJGKFWPI \W HÒJTGP YKTF OKV ÒDGT GKPGT /KNNKQP IGHCNNGPGP XGTYWPFGVGP WPF XGTOKVGP 5QNFCVGP QJPG $GTÒEMUKEJVKIWPI FGT \KXKNGP 1RHGT CNU XGTNWUV TGKEJUVG /KNKV·TQRGTCVKQP FGT IGUCOVGP /GPUEJJGKVUIGUEJKEJVG CPIGUGJGP
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT FKG 6GKNPGJOGT CP FGP DGKFGP /CTPG 5EJNCEJVGP WPF =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FG NC /CTPG? $TQP\G CO $CPF 54 ++
&KG GTUVG 5EJNCEJV CP FGT /CTPG HCPF KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU XQO DKU 5GRVGODGT \YKUEJGP FGWVUEJGP WPF CNNKKGTVGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP WPF DTKVKUEJGP 6TWRRGP UVCVV FKG \YGKVG 5EJNCEJV XQO /CK DKU #WIWUV GDGPHCNNU \YKUEJGP FGWVUEJGP WPF CNNKKGTVGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP DTKVKUEJGP KVCNKGPKUEJGP WPF 75 COGTKMCPKUEJGP 6TWRRGP UVCVV
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT FKG 6GKNPGJOGT CP FGP DGKFGP 5EJNCEJVGP XQP #TTCU WPF =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG F #TTCU? $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF ++
+P FGT GTUVGP 5EJNCEJV XQP #TTCU CWEJ CNU 5EJNCEJV XQP #TVQKU DG\GKEJPGV XQO DKU \WO 1MVQDGT M·ORHVGP FGWVUEJG 6TWRRGP WPVGT FGO DC[GTKUEJGP -TQPRTKP\GP 4WRRTGEJV IGIGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJG WPVGT )GPGTCN .QWKU 'TPGUV FG /CWF JW[ KP FGT 5EJNCEJV XQO #RTKN DKU /CK FGWVUEJG IGIGP CNNKKGTVG 6TWRRGP WPF KP FGT \YGKVGP GKIGPVNKEJ FTKVVGP 5EJNCEJV XQP #TTCU #WEJ CNU \YGKVG 5QOOG 5EJNCEJV DG\GKEJPGV XQO #WIWUV DKU 5GRVGODGT FGWVUEJG IGIGP CNNKKGTVG 6TWRRGP
/GFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG $GUGV\WPI FGU 'NUC =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FG N 1E- EWRCVKQP FG N #NUCEG ? $TQP\G CO $CPF ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC CEJV XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU $TQP\G CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++ +++
470 471
472
4JGKPNCPF /¾FCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG FG NC 4J¾PCPKG? /QFGNN OKV +PUEJTKHV 4* 0#0+' 47*4 6;41. $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $9- 54 ++
&ÒPMKTEJGP /GFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG FG &WPMGTSWG? $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF 54
/GFCKNNG FGU 2QNPKUEJGP 9KFGTUVCPFU KP (TCPMTGKEJ =/¾FCKNNG FG NC 4¾UKUVCPEG 2QNQPCKUG GP (TCPEG? $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF 54 ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC XGTUEJKGFGPGP OKNKV·TKUEJGP WPF \KXKNGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU $TQP\G VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV \YGK VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP OKV XKGT $CPF- URCPIGP KP FWTEJYGI IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
++
135
FRANKREICH
ex 476 478 (1:1,5)
474 1:3
477
0CEJNC FGU #TDGKVGTU (T¾F¾TKE 8GTPG DGUVGJGPF CWU 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG FGT #TDGKV WPF )TQG 'JTGPOGFCKNNG FGT (KTOC .¾QP %JCP¾G %KG ,GYGKNU 5KNDGT FKG /GFCKNNG HÒT #TDGKV CO $CPF FKG ITQG 'JTGPOGFCKNNG 5KNDGT WPF HGKP ITCXKGTV FCVKGTV QJPG $CPF \WUCOOGP KP CNVGO $KNFGTTCJOGP WPVGT )NCU OQPVKGTV 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC \KXKNGP OKPKUVGTKGNNGP 'JTGP /GFCKNNGP 8GTUEJKGFGP /GVCNNG CWEJ KP 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP \YGK OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 4QUGVVGP FTGK FCXQP KP FGP MQTTGMVGP DGFTWEMVGP 1TKIKPCNGVWKU GKPG OKV /KPKCVWT KP FWTEJYGI IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC #TDGKVU WPF 'JTGP /GFCKNNGP XQP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /KPKUVGTKGP )TQG )QNFGPG )QNFGPG 5KNDGTPG WPF $TQP\GPG /GFCKNNGP KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP /QFGNNGP #WUICDGP WPF #WUHÒJ TWPIGP W C FGU /KPKUVGTKWOU HÒT *CPFGN WPF +PFWUVTKG FGU /KPKUVGTKWOU HÒT #TDGKV WPF UQ\KCNG 5KEJGT JGKV FGU #TDGKVU /KPKUVGTKWOU FGU /KPKUVGTKWOU HÒT (TCPMTGKEJ WPF ªDGTUGG FGU -TKGIU /KPKUVGTKWOU FGU /CTKPG /KPKUVGTKWOU FGU 5Q\KCN /KPKUVGTKWOU FGU /KPKUVGTKWOU HÒT *CPFGN #TDGKV WPF +PFWUVTKG WPF QJPG #PICDG FGU /KPKUVGTKWOU XGTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG XKGNG KP 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV OGKUV OKV ITCXKGTVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUPCOGP WPF LCJTGP CP MQTTGMVGP $·PFGTP VGKNU DGUVKEMV VGKNU OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 4QUGVVGP WPF #WHNCIGP KP FWTEJYGI IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
&4+66' $+5 (ª0(6' (4#0<¤5+5%*' 4'27$.+- 5'+6 -1.10+#.' #75 <'+%*070)'0
-CKUGTTGKEJ #PPCO -CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGU &TCEJGPU XQP #PPCO =1TFTG +OR¾TKCN FW &TCIQP FG N #PPCO? /QFGNN -QOOCPFGWT &GMQTCVKQP HÒT /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUV #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI *GT UVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TJWU $GTVTCPF WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT
'DGTMQRHRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF HÒT /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUV KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC $CESWGXKNNG KP 2CTKU 54 5 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO /·T\ XQP -CKUGT &QPI -JCPJ IGUVKHVGV WPF CO /CK GKP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT \KXKNGT WPF OKNKV·TKUEJGT -QNQPKCNXGTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT HQTVCP XQO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2T·UKFGPVGP CWH 8QTUEJNCI FGU -QNQPKCNOKPKUVGTU XGTNKGJGP YWTFG YWTFGP FKG 8GTNGKJWPIGP FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP GKPIGUVGNNV 8IN CWEJ 5[NXGUVGT ,T ,QJP 6JG 1TFGTU CPF /GFCNU QH (TGPEJ +PFQEJKPC 4CNGKIJ 5 HH
136
-CKUGTTGKEJ #PPCO -CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGU &TCEJGPU XQP #PPCO =1TFTG +OR¾TKCN FW &TCIQP FG N #PPCO? /QFGNN 4GFWMVKQP GKPGT 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV Z OO 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQP )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV 4QUGVVG 54 5 ++
FRANKREICH
479
-CKUGTTGKEJ #PPCO -CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGU &TCEJGPU XQP #PPCO =1TFTG +OR¾TKCN FW &TCIQP FG N #PPCO? /QFGNN 4KVVGT &GMQTCVKQP HÒT /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUV OÌINKEJGTYGKUG UR·VGTG #PHGTVKIWPI =RQUUKDNG NCVGT OCPWHCEVWTKPI? DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF HÒT /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUV 54 5 ++
480
-ÌPKITGKEJ -CODQFUEJC 1TFGP XQP -CODQFUEJC =1TFTG FW %CODQFIG? /QFGNN #WU HÒJTWPI OKV -TQPG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 8GTNGKJWPIGP CO YGKGP $CPF OKV IGNDGP 4CPFUVTGKHGP )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI DGUVGJGPF CWU 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKN NCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV PCJG\W XQNNUV·PFKIG WPUCEJIGO·G 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT /GFCKNNQP CWHNCIG CWH FGO -QRH UVGJGPF CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYC PGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK 82' 5 5VÒEM ++ 0CEJFGO FCU -ÌPKITGKEJ GKP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGU 2TQVGMVQTCV IGYQTFGP YCT UVKHVGVG -ÌPKI 0QTQFQO + CO (GDTWCT FGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GT FKGPUVQTFGP FGUUGP 5VCVWVGP CO ,CPWCT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV YWTFGP /QFGNN <W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP UR·VGTGP <GKVRWPMV XQT YWTFGP FKG 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQPGP XQP GKPGT YGUVNKEJ IGUVCNVGVGP -TQPG ÒDGTJÌJV /QFGNN /KV &GMTGV XQO WPF /CK ÒDGTVTWI FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV (GNKZ (CWTG FKG 8GTYCNVWPI FGU 1TFGPU PWPOGJT QJPG FKG $G\GKEJPWPI TQ[CN CP FKG )TQMCP\NGK FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP KP 2CTKU YQFWTEJ GT GKP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT -QNQPKCNQTFGP YWTFG 9GKVGTG (GUVNGIWPIGP GTHQNIVGP FWTEJ GKP RT·UKFKCNGU &GMTGV XQO ,CPWCT /KV &GMTGV XQO &G\GODGT YWTFG HÒT FKG FWTEJ FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP CWUIGURTQEJGPGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP GKP PGWGU 1TFGPUDCPF YGK OKV QTCPIGPGP 5GKVGPUVTGKHGP GKPIGHÒJTV FCU CNU OGVTQRQNKVCPGU $CPF DG\GKEJPGV YWTFG /QFGNN OGVTQRQNKVCPG #WUHÒJTWPI &KG FWTEJ FGP -ÌPKI XQP -CODQFUEJC CWUIGURTQEJGPGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP YWTFGP YGKVGTJKP CO DKUJGTKIGP TQVGP $CPF OKV ITÒPGP 5GKVGPUVTGKHGP XGTNKGJGP /QFGNN MÌPKINKEJG #WUHÒJTWPI /KV &GMTGV XQO #WIWUV YWTFG WPVGT -ÌPKI 0QTQFQO 5KJCPQWM IGD FKG 8GTYCNVWPI YKGFGT PCEJ -CODQFUEJC \WTÒEMÒDGTVTCIGP FGT 1TFGP UQOKV YKGFGT GKP TGKP MCODQFUEJCPKUEJGT 1TFGP &KG 4GIKGTWPI FGU &GOQMTCVKUEJGP -CODQFUEJC JCV FGP 1TFGP CDIGUEJCHHV +P (QNIG FGT 4ÒEMMGJT 0QTQFQO 5KJCPQWMU PCEJ -CODQFUEJC CNU -ÌPKI YWTFG FGT 1TFGP OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T XQO 1MVQDGT YKGFGT GTTKEJVGV YQDGK FKG +PUKIPKGP PWPOGJT XQP FGT MCODQFUEJCPKUEJGP -ÌPKIUMTQPG ÒDGTJÌJV UKPF /QFGNN
137
FRANKREICH
482 483
484
481
-ÌPKITGKEJ -CODQFUEJC 1TFGP XQP -CODQFUEJC =1TFTG FW %CODQFIG? /QFGNN #WU HÒJTWPI OKV -TQPG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 8GTNGKJWPIGP CO YGKGP $CPF OKV IGNDGP 4CPFUVTGKHGP -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV 6TCIG WPF $CPFTKPI OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 'KPHWJTRWP\GP XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF 82' 5 ++
(TCP\ÌUKUEJ 9GUVCHTKMC 1TFGP FGU 5EJYCT\GP 5VGTPU XQP $¾PKP =1TFTG FG N y VQKNG 0QKT FW $¾PKP? /QFGNN CO JGNNDNCWGP $CPF $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $9- ++
0CEJFGO FCU YGUVCHTKMCPKUEJG -ÌPKITGKEJ 2QTVQ 0QXQ KO JGWVKIGP $¾PKP IGNGIGP GKP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGU 2TQVGM VQTCV IGYQTFGP YCT UVKHVGVG -ÌPKI 6QHHC XQP 2QTVQ 0QXQ CO &G\GODGT FGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ -QOOCPFGWT OKV 5VGTP -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT XQP FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI \WP·EJUV PKEJV CPGTMCPPV YWTFG 5GKPG +PUKIPKGP YWTFGP CP GKPGO JGNNDNCWGP $CPF OKV TQVGP 4CPFUVTGKHGP IGVTCIGP /QFGNN 0CEJ GKPGT 5VCVWVGP·PFGTWPI XQO #WIWUV FKG W C FKG JGNNDNCWG $CPFHCTDG HGUVNGIVG
/QFGNN YWTFG FGT 1TFGP XQP FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI CPGTMCPPV
/KV &GMTGVGP XQO WPF /CK ÒDGTVTWI FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV (GNKZ (CWTG FKG 8GT- YCNVWPI FGU 1TFGPU CP FKG )TQMCP\NGK FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP KP 2CTKU YQFWTEJ GT GKP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT -QNQPKCNQTFGP YWTFG 9GKVGTG (GUVNGIWPIGP GTHQNIVGP FWTEJ GKP RT·UKFKCNGU &GMTGV XQO ,CPWCT /KV &GMTGV XQP 2T·UKFGPV %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG XQO &G\GODGT YWTFG FGT 1TFGP YKG CNNG -QNQPKCNQTFGP OKV 9KTMWPI XQO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP
(TCP\ÌUKUEJ 9GUVCHTKMC 1TFGP FGU 5EJYCT\GP 5VGTPU XQP $¾PKP =1TFTG FG N y VQKNG 0QKT FW $¾PKP? /QFGNN CO JGNNDNCWGP $CPF -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ UR·VGTG #PHGTVKIWPI PCEJ FGT 8GTNGKJWPIU\GKV =NCVGT OCPWHCEVWTKPI? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV -CNVGOCKNNKG CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $9- ++
5WNVCPCV 6CFLWTCJ KP (TCP\ÌUKUEJ 5QOCNKC JGWVG &LKDQWVK 'N #PPQWCT 1TFGP =0KUEJCP GN #P- PQWCT? H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG OGKUV 0KUEJCP GN #PPQWCT 1TFGP IGPCPPV 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU 54 5 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMQTFQP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG KO 1MVQDGT IGUVKHVGV XQP 5WNVCP #JOGF /QJCOOGF XQP 6CFLWTCJ KO 1DQEM 6GTTKVQTKWO UR·VGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJ 5QOCNKC JGWVG &LKDQWVK /KV &GMTGVGP XQO WPF /CK ÒDGTVTWI FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV (GNKZ (CWTG FKG 8GTYCNVWPI FGU 1TFGPU CP FKG )TQMCP\NGK FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP KP 2CTKU YQFWTEJ GT GKP HTCP \ÌUKUEJGT -QNQPKCNQTFGP YWTFG 9GKVGTG (GUVNGIWPIGP GTHQNIVGP FWTEJ GKP RT·UKFKCNGU &GMTGV XQO ,CPWCT /KV &GMTGV XQP 2T·UKFGPV %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG XQO &G\GODGT YWTFG FGT 1TFGP YKG CNNG -QNQ PKCNQTFGP OKV 9KTMWPI XQO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP
138
FRANKREICH
486 Rv.
487
485
5WNVCPCV #PLQWCP CWH FGP -QOQTGP -ÌPKINKEJGT DKU 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP #PLQWCP =1TFTG
4Q[CN FG N 'VQKNG F #PLQWCP? /QFGNN OKV 41;#. KP FGT $G\GKEJPWPI WPF JGNNDNCWGO $CPF OKV \YGK QTCPIGHCTDGPGP 5GKVGPUVTGKHGP -QOOCPFGWT &GMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV UVCTM CPIGNCWHGP CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $9- ++
5WNVCP 5CKFK #DFCNNCJ +++ DKP 5CNKO XQP #PLQWCP EC GKPGT +PUGN FGU #TEJKRGNU FGT -QOQTGP UVKHVGVG FGP \WP·EJUV XKGTMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ -QOOCPFGWT OKV WPF QJPG 5VGTP 1HHK\KGT CNNIGOGKPGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP KO ,CJT FGT CO ,WPK XQP 5WNVCP 5CKFK 1OCT DKP 5CKFK *CUCP TGQTICPKUKGTV YWTFG &CU $CPF FGU 1TFGPU YCT TQV OKV YGKGP 4CPFUVTGKHGP /QFGNN
0CEJFGO FKG -QOQTGP UEJQP CO ,CPWCT \WO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2TQVGMVQTCV IGYQTFGP YCTGP YWTFG GT PWPOGJT HÒPHMNCUUKI )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT OKV &GMTGV FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP /KPKUVGTTCVGU XQO 5GRVGODGT \WO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -QNQPKCNQTFGP OKV FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -NCUUGPDG\GKEJ PWPIGP FGT PWPOGJT XQO )TQMCP\NGT FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP D\Y XQP FGTGP )TQMCP\NGK XGTYCNVGV YWTFG YWTFG GKP PGWGU 1TFGPUDCPF GKPIGHÒJTV JGNNDNCW OKV \YGK QTCPIGHCTDGPGP 5GKVGPUVTGKHGP /QFGNN YWTFG FCU 9QTV 4Q[CN -ÌPKINKEJ KO 0COGP IGUVTKEJGP WPF FKG +PUKIPKGP FGOGPVURTGEJGPF IG·PFGTV /QFGNN
IGY·JTVG 2T·UKFGPV %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG FGP -QOQTGP FKG KPPGTG #WVQPQOKG WPF GTMN·TVG UKEJ FGT 5VCCV WPCDJ·PIKI /KV &GMTGV XQP 2T·UKFGPV FG )CWNNG XQO &G\GODGT YWTFG FGT 1TFGP FCTCWHJKP YKG CNNG -QNQPKCNQTFGP \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP 2T·UKFGPV 5CÅF /QJCOGF &LQJCT FGT +UNCOKUEJGP $WPFGUTGRWDNKM FGT -QOQTGP UVKHVGVG FGP 1TFGP OKV &GMTGV 0T 24 PGW /QFGNN
6GTTKVQTKWO -COGTWP 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO -COGTWP =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG %COGTQWPCKU? /QFGNN OKV /'4+6' %#/'4170#+5 WPF 6'44+61+4' &7 %#/'4170 $TQP\G /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF 5( ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG KP )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G 1TFGP KP /GFCKNNGPHQTO YWTFG OKV 8GTQTFPWPI XQO #RTKN XQO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -QOOKUUCT HÒT -COGTWP IGUVKHVGV \WT #PGTMGPPWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG -WNVWT WPF FKG 'PVYKEMNWPI FGT PCVÒTNKEJGP 4GUUQWTEGP UQYKG FGU *CPFGNU WPF FGT +PFWUVTKG /QFGNN /KV 8GTQTFPWPI XQO ,WNK GTJKGNV GT FGP 0COGP 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO -COGTWP WPF FKG +PUEJTKHV /'4+6' %#/'4170#+5
/QFGNN YWTFG XQP FGT GTUVGP 4GIKGTWPI -COGTWPU FKG )GUVCNVWPI XGT·PFGTV KPFGO CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG '6#6 &7 %#/'4170 CP 5VGNNG FGU DKUJGTKIGP 6'44+61+4' &7 %#/'4170 GKPIGHÒIV WPF HÒT 'WTQR·GT GKPG GVYCU MNGKPGTG \YGKUVWHKIG )QNF WPF 5KNDGT #WUHÒJTWPI OKV FGT XQTFGTUGKVKIGP +PUEJTKHV 4 ( %#/'4170 GKPIGHÒJTV FKG DKU XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV /QFGNN 0CEJ 'TNCPIWPI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV YWTFG FGT 1TFGP XQP FGT 4GRWDNKM -COGTWP OKV FGT +PUEJTKHV 4'27$.+37' &7 %'/'4170 /QFGNN ÒDGTPQOOGP LGFQEJ FWTEJ FKG PGWG +PUEJTKHV 4'27$.+37' ('&'4#.' &7 %'/'4170 OQFKHK\KGTV /QFGNN YWTFG FGT 1TFGP CDGTOCNU XGT·PFGTV WPF GTJKGNV FKG +PUEJTKHV 4'27$.+37' 70+' &7 %#/'4170 /QFGNN WPF GTJKGNV GT UGKPG JGWVKIG )GUVCNVWPI OKV FGT +PUEJTKHV 4'27$.+37' &7 %#/'4170 4'27$.+% 1( %#/'4110 /QFGNN YWTFG CWEJ FKG 6TCIGYGKUG FCJKPIGJGPF XGT·PFGTV FC FKG )QNFUVWHG LGV\V CNU )TQMQTFQP DG\GKEJPGV CO 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF FKG 5KNDGTUVWHG LGV\V CNU 1HHK\KGT DG\GKEJPGV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG IGVTCIGP YWTFG WPF YKTF &KG $TQP\GUVWHG YWTFG 4KVVGT IGPCPPV
(TCP\ÌUKUEJGT -QPIQ #TDGKVGT /GFCKNNG FGT /KPGPIGUGNNUEJCHV FGU (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -QPIQU =/¾FCKNNG FW 6TCXCKN FG NC %QORCIPKG OKPK½TG FW %QPIQ (TCP¼CKU? 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO NCPIGP 1TKIK- PCN *CNUDCPF 4 ++
9GKVGTG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT -QNQPKGP WPF 2TQVGMVQTCVG HKPFGP 5KG KO -CVCNQIDGTGKEJ ª$'45'' WPVGT .#15 .+$#010 /#41--1 670'5+'0 WPF 8+'60#/
139
FRANKREICH
490 489
488
-1//70#.' #75<'+%*07)'0
2CTKU 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU #FNGTU XQP .WVGVKC =&¾EQTCVKQP #KING FG .WV½EG ? 8GTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF OKV $CPFURCPIG 4'5+56#0%' KO 'VWK ++
0K\\C 8GTFKGPUVUVGTP FGT 5VCFV 0K\\C =2NCSWG F *QPPGWT FG NC 8KNNG FG 0KEG? $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV 6TCIGURCPIG WPF 3WGTDTQUEJKGTWPI KO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
-#2+6'.5&'-14#6+10'0 70& -+4%*.+%*' #75<'+%*070)'0
/KVINKGFU 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP +PJCDGT XQP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP FGU *GKNK- IGP 5VWJNU $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
491 492
493
)'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0 70& #75<'+%*070)'0 416'5 -4'7<
$GNQJPWPIU 'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP TQVGP -TGW\GU &¾EQTCVKQP FG 4GMQORGPUGP FW %TQKZ 4QWIG (TCP¼CKU? /QFGNN 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP $TQP\G $TQP\G GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 4KVVGT FGT 2HNKEJV XQP 2CTKU =&¾EQTCVKQP FGU %JGXCNKGTU FW &GXQKT FG 2CTKU? )QN- FGPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGO 5VGTP ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP 8GTFKGPUV FGU $NWVGU =&¾EQTCVKQP /¾TKVG FW 5CPI ? )QNFGPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG JQJG #WU\GKEJPWPI HÒT NCPIL·JTKIG $NWVURGPFGT
140
FRANKREICH
ex 494 499 495
500
)'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0 70& #75<'+%*070)'0 .'$'054'6670)5 )'5'..5%*#(6'0 70& ('7'49'*4
-QPXQNWV XQP EC XGTUEJKGFGPGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP XQP .GDGPUTGVVWPIU )GUGNNUEJCHVGP WPF (GWGTYGJTGP =5CWXGVGWTU GV 2QORKGTU? 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP $TWUVD·PFGTP KP ITÌVGPVGKNU IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
)'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0 70& #75<'+%*070)'0 2*+.#06*412+5%*' 70& 51<+#.' 8'4&+'056'
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 2JKNCPVJTQRKG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 2JKNCPVJTQRKSWG? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 2JKNCPVJTQRKG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 2JKNCPVJTQRKSWG? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 2JKNCPVJTQRKG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 2JKNCPVJTQRKSWG? 4KVVGTMTGW\ ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 2JKNCPVJTQRKG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 2JKNCPVJTQRKSWG? 4KVVGTMTGW\ LÒPIGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 5Q\KCNG 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV =1TFTG FW &¾XQWGOGPV 5QEKCN? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 4 ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 5Q\KCNG 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV =1TFTG FW &¾XQWGOGPV 5QEKCN? -QOOCP- FGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 5Q\KCNG 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV =1TFTG FW &¾XQWGOGPV 5QEKCN? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV \WT (ÌTFGTWPI FGT 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV =1TFTG FG /¾TKVG FG NC 5QEK¾V¾ F 'PEQWTCIGOGPV CW &¾XQWGOGPV? /QFGNN /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV QJPG 51%+ 6 & 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
141
FRANKREICH
503
504
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV \WT (ÌTFGTWPI FGT 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV =1TFTG FG /¾TKVG FG NC 5QEK¾V¾ F 'PEQWTCIGOGPV CW &¾XQWGOGPV? /QFGNN /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV OKV 51%+ 6 & -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGP /GFCKNNQPTKPIGP CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP XQO 5VGTP FGU )WVGP WPF FGU 8GTFKGPUVGU =1TFTG FG N 'VQKNG FW $KGP GV FW /¾TKVG? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
1TFGP XQO 5VGTP FGU )WVGP WPF FGU 8GTFKGPUVGU =1TFTG FG N 'VQKNG FW $KGP GV FW /¾TKVG? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
506
507
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG (ÌTFGTWPI FGT ¤HHGPVNKEJMGKV =1TFTG FG N 'PEQWTCIGOGPV 2WDNKE? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ $TQP\G DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 4 ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
142
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG (ÌTFGTWPI FGT ¤HHGPVNKEJMGKV =1TFTG FG N 'PEQWTCIGOGPV 2WDNKE? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP OKV -TQPG $TQP\G DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
FRANKREICH
511
508
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG (ÌTFGTWPI FGT ¤HHGPVNKEJMGKV =1TFTG FG N 'PEQWTCIGOGPV 2WDNKE? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP QJPG -TQPG $TQP\G DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG (ÌTFGTWPI FGT ¤HHGPVNKEJMGKV =1TFTG FG N 'PEQWTCIGOGPV 2WDNKE? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4Q- UGVVG ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG (ÌTFGTWPI FGT ¤HHGPVNKEJMGKV =1TFTG FG N 'PEQWTCIGOGPV 2WDNKE? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
1TFGP 'KPJGKV WPF 'TJCNVWPI =1TFTG 7PKQP GV /CKPVKGP ? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGP 'KPJGKV WPF 'TJCNVWPI =1TFTG 7PKQP GV /CKPVKGP? 4KVVGTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
514
513
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG *WOCPKV·TG 5VKHVWPI =1TFTG FG N ęWXTG *WOCPKVCKTG? -QOOCPFGWT- FGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 5Q\KCNG $KNFWPI =1TFTG FG N 'FWECVKQP 5QEKCNG? 5VGTP FGU )TQGP 2TGK- UGU HÒT 5Q\KCNG $KNFWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 8GTNGKJWPIUYKFOWPI HÒT (TCP¼QKU FG 6GUUCP XQP QJPG $TQUEJKGTWPI YCT PKG CPIGDTCEJV ++ 516
143
FRANKREICH
515 517
518
1TFGP HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 5Q\KCNG $KNFWPI =1TFTG FG N 'FWECVKQP 5QEKCNG? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 5Q\KCNG $KNFWPI =1TFTG FG N 'FWECVKQP 5QEKCNG? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGP HÃ&#x2019;T 0CVKQPCNG 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG *WOCPKV·V =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 0CVKQPCN *WOCPKVCKTG? -QO- OCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP FGT +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP .KIC HÃ&#x2019;T FGP (TKGFGP HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP (TKGFGP =1TFTG FG NC .KIPG +PVGTPCVKQPCNG RWT NC 2CKZ RQWT NG /¾TKVG RQWT NC 2CKZ? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP FGT +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP .KIC HÃ&#x2019;T FGP (TKGFGP HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP (TKGFGP =1TFTG FG NC .KIPG +PVGTPCVKQPCNG RWT NC 2CKZ RQWT NG /¾TKVG RQWT NC 2CKZ? 4KVVGTMTGW\ $TQP\G VNY XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
520
521
522
523
-TGW\ HÃ&#x2019;T /GPUEJNKEJG 9GTVG =%TQKZ FGU 8CNGWTU *WOCKPGU? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KP DGFTWEMVGT 8GTNGKJWPIUUEJCEJVGN ++
5VGTP HÃ&#x2019;T *WOCPKV·V ='VQKNG *WOCPKVCKTG? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 4GRWDNKMCPKUEJGP .KIC HÃ&#x2019;T FCU ¤HHGPVNKEJG 9QJN =&¾EQTCVKQP FG NC .KIWG 4¾RW DNKECKPG FW $KGP 2WDNKE? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF 4 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP )GUGNNUEJCHV FGT <KXKNGP 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV =&¾EQTCVKQP FG NC 5QEK¾V¾ 0CVK- QPCNG F 'PEQWTCIGOGPV %KXKSWG? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
144
FRANKREICH
526
525
524
527
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT (ÌFGTCVKQP FGT 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV =&¾EQTCVKQP FG NC (¾F¾TCVKQP FW &¾XQWGOGPV? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP .KIC FGU ÌHHGPVNKEJGP 9QJNU =&¾EQTCVKQP FG NC .KIWG (TCP¼CKUG FW $KGP 2WDNKE? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGCDURNKVVGTWPIGP KO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT (TGKYKNNKIG FGT ÌHHGPVNKEJGP 9QJNHCJTV =&¾EQTCVKQP FGU $GPGXQN¾U FG N #UUKUVCPEG 2WDNKSWG? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
+PVGTPCVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT #P[UGVKGTU =1TFTG +PVGTPCVKQPCN FGU #P[UGVKGTU? 1TFGPUMNGKPQF $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO OKP \GTUEJNKUUGPGP NCPIGP -QNNCT *CNUDCPF 9 ++
&GT +PVGTPCVKQPCNG 1TFGP FGT #P[UGVKGTU KUV GKP KP (TCPMTGKEJ KO ,CJTG YKGFGTDGNGDVGT WPF W C CWEJ KP &GWVUEJNCPF V·VKIGT 8GTDWPF XQP $ÒTIGTP FKG IGUGNNUEJCHVNKEJG 8GTCPVYQTVWPI KO )GKUVG FGT /KVOGPUEJNKEJMGKV WPF FGT 8ÌNMGTXGTUV·PFKIWPI YCJTPGJOGP YQNNGP &GT 0COG NGKVGV UKEJ XQP FGT JKUVQTKUEJGP <WPHV FGT #P[UGVKGTU =#PKU 8GTCTDGKVGT? JGT
528 529 530
/GFCKNNG FGT 4GRWDNKM /QPVOCTVTG =/¾FCKNNG FG NC 4¾RWDNKSWG FG /QPVOCTVTG? 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF KO 'VWK 4 ++
&KG 4GRWDNKM /QPVOCTVTG KUV GKPG JGWVG PQEJ DGUVGJGPFG KO ,CJTG IGITÒPFGVG RJKNCPVJTQRKUEJG 8GTGKPKIWPI OKV 5KV\ CWH FGO /QPVOCTVTG GKPGO XQP FGT 5VCFV 2CTKU CPPGMVKGTVGO GJGOCNKIGP 8QTQTV FGT 5VCFV
2TGKUOGFCKNNG FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV \WT (ÌTFGTWPI FGU )WVGP =/¾FCKNNG FG RTKZ FG NC 5QEK¾V¾ 0CVKQPCNG F 'PEQWTCIGOGPV CW $KGP? )TQG )QNFGPG 2TGKUOGFCKNNG FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CWH FGO 4GXGTU CWUHÒJTNKEJG 9KFOWPIUITCXWT HÒT *GTTP WPF (TCW , $ )GN[ XQO ,WNK CO $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV INGKEJNCWVGPFGO 9KFOWPIUCWHFTWEM CWH FGO &GEMGN ++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 9QJNV·VKIMGKV -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF ++
145
FRANKREICH
ex 531
532 533
-QPXQNWV XQP EC RTKXCVGP 'JTGPOGFCKNNGP HÒT RJKNCPVJTQRKUEJG JWOCPKV·TG WPF UQ\KCNG 8GT- FKGPUVG 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV OCPEJG OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUITCXWTGP CP $TWUVD·PFGTP GKPKIG OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 4QUGVVGP KP FWTEJYGI IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
)'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0 70& #75<'+%*070)'0 8'4&+'056' 7/ 9+55'0 5%*#(6 .+6'4#674 70& -7056
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO .KVGTCVWT -ÒPUVG WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP =1TFTG .GVVTGU #TVU 5EKGPEGU ? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO .KVGTCVWT -ÒPUVG WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP =1TFTG .GVVTGU #TVU 5EKGPEGU ? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV GKPG 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT ¤UG CO *CNUDCPFTKPI TGUVCWTKGTV CO OÌINKEJGTYGKUG PKEJV MQTTGMVGP *CNUDCPF ++
535
534
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO .KVGTCVWT -ÒPUVG WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP =1TFTG .GVVTGU #TVU 5EKGPEGU ? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG WPF IQNFHCTDGPGP 5EJYKPIGP ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 9KUUGPUEJCHV =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 5EKGPVKHKSWG? )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G DTKN- NCPVKGTV WPF XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 5VÒEM 4 ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
146
FRANKREICH
537 536
538
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 9KUUGPUEJCHV =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 5EKGPVKHKSWG? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP VNY CWUIGDNGKEJVGO *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO (QTUEJWPI WPF 'THKPFWPI =1TFTG FG /¾TKVG GP 4GEJGTEJG GV +PXGPVKQP? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I UEJYGT CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 4 ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO (QTUEJWPI WPF 'THKPFWPI =1TFTG FG /¾TKVG GP 4GEJGTEJG GV +PXGPVKQP? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO (QTUEJWPI WPF 'THKPFWPI =1TFTG FG /¾TKVG GP 4GEJGTEJG GV +PXGPVKQP? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG WPF WPVGTNGIVGT 5KNDGTNKV\G ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
540
542
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG MÒPUVNGTKUEJG 'T\KGJWPI =1TFTG FG N 'FWECVKQP #TVKUVKSWG? -QOOCP- FGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG MÒPUVNGTKUEJG 'T\KGJWPI =1TFTG FG N 'FWECVKQP #TVKUVKSWG? 1HHK\KGTU- MTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV MNGKPGT 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUV- DCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++ ++ +++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG ÌHHGPVNKEJG $KNFWPI =1TFTG FG N 'FWECVKQP %KXKSWG? -QOOCPFGWT FGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG ÌHHGPVNKEJG $KNFWPI =1TFTG FG N 'FWECVKQP %KXKSWG? 1HHK\KGTU FGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG ÌHHGPVNKEJG $KNFWPI =1TFTG FG N 'FWECVKQP %KXKSWG? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
147
FRANKREICH
545
549
552
554
1TFGP HÒT /WV 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV WPF 8GTFKGPUV KP -WPUV .KVGTCVWT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP WPF 5RQTV =1TFTG RQWT %QWTCIG &¾XQWGOGPV GV /¾TKVG GP #TVU .GVVTGU 5EKGPEGU GV 5RQTVU? /QFGNN OKV TQV ITÒPGO *CNUDCPF -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT /WV 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV WPF 8GTFKGPUV KP -WPUV .KVGTCVWT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP WPF 5RQTV =1TFTG RQWT %QWTCIG &¾XQWGOGPV GV /¾TKVG GP #TVU .GVVTGU 5EKGPEGU GV 5RQTVU? /QFGNN OKV TQV ITÒPGO *CNUDCPF 4KVVGTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT /WV 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV WPF 8GTFKGPUV KP -WPUV .KVGTCVWT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP WPF 5RQTV =1TFTG RQWT %QWTCIG &¾XQWGOGPV GV /¾TKVG GP #TVU .GVVTGU 5EKGPEGU GV 5RQTVU? /QFGNN OKV ITÒP TQVGO *CNUDCPF -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT /WV 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV WPF 8GTFKGPUV KP -WPUV .KVGTCVWT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP WPF 5RQTV =1TFTG RQWT %QWTCIG &¾XQWGOGPV GV /¾TKVG GP #TVU .GVVTGU 5EKGPEGU GV 5RQTVU? /QFGNN OKV ITÒP TQVGO *CNUDCPF 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO -WNVWT WPF -WPUV =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG %WNVWTGN GV #TVKUVKSWG? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO -WNVWT WPF -WPUV =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG %WNVWTGN GV #TVKUVKSWG? 4KVVGTMTGW\ ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG MÒPUVNGTKUEJG (ÌTFGTWPI =1TFTG FG N 'PEQWTCIGOGPV #TVKUCPCN? -QP- HGMVKQPKGTVGU 5EJWNVGTDCPF =¾EJCTRG? \WO )TQMTGW\ FGU 1TFGPU QJPG -NGKPQF +
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG MÒPUVNGTKUEJG (ÌTFGTWPI =1TFTG FG N 'PEQWTCIGOGPV #TVKUCPCN? -QP- HGMVKQPKGTVGU 5EJWNVGTDCPF =¾EJCTRG? \WO )TQMTGW\ FGU 1TFGPU QJPG -NGKPQF ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
148
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG MÒPUVNGTKUEJG (ÌTFGTWPI =1TFTG FG N 'PEQWTCIGOGPV #TVKUCPCN? 1HHK- \KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP VNY CWUIGDNGKEJVGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGP &CU HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )GPKG =1TFTG FW )¾PKG (TCP¼CKU? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQN- FGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
FRANKREICH
555
556
ex 557
558
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO -WPUV .KVGTCVWT WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP =&¾EQTCVKQP FW /¾TKVG GP #TVU .GVVTGU GV 5EKGPEGU? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG (ÌTFGTWPI FGU (QTVUEJTKVVU =1TFTG FG N 'PEQWTCIGOGPV FW 2TQIT½U? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
)'5'..5%*#(6514&'0 70& #75<'+%*070)'0 8'4&+'056' 7/ /75+- 70& )'5#0)
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF /GFCKNNGP XQP /WUKM WPF )GUCPIU (ÌFGTCVKQPGP WPF 8GTGKPGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV ITÌVGPVGKNU CP $TWUVD·PFGTP GKPGU CO *CNUDCPF KP FWTEJYGIU IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
)'5'..5%*#(6514&'0 70& #75<'+%*070)'0 8'4&+'056' 7/ &'0 52146
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP (ÌFGTCVKQP FGT 8GTGKPKIWPIGP FGT 2J[UKUEJGP 'T\KGJWPI WPF FGU 5RQTVU =&¾EQTCVKQP FG NC (¾F¾TCVKQP 0CVKQPCNG FGU 5QEK¾V¾U F 'FWECVKQP 2J[UKSWG GV FGU 5RQTVU? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ KO /GFCKNNQP CO *CNUDCPF ++
559
560
)'5'..5%*#(6514&'0 70& #75<'+%*070)'0 8'4&+'056' 7/ +0&7564+' 70& 9+465%*#(6
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO *CPFGN WPF +PFWUVTKG =1TFTG FW %QOOGTEG GV FG N +PFWUVTKG? 1HHK\KGTU FGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP 7PKQP \WT (ÌTFGTWPI FGT #TDGKV =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N 7PKQP (TCP¼CKUG F 'PEQWTCIGOGPV CW 6TCXCKN? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 'JTGPOGFCKNNGP XQP )GYGTMUEJCHVGP #TDGKVGT WPF +PFWUVTKGXGTD·PFGP 8GT- UEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP $TWUVD·PFGTP FCXQP UGEJU KP 'VWKU KP FWTEJYGIU IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP ++
149
FRANKREICH
565
564
563
-QPXQNWV XQP EC QHHK\KGNNGP WPF KPQHHK\KGNNGP 'KUGPDCJPGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP $TWUVD·PFGTP \YGK OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 4QUGVVGP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP ++ ++ +++
)'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0 70& #75<'+%*070)'0 -4+')58'6'4#0'0 70& /+.+6 4 8'4'+0'
'JTGPMTGW\ FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJ $TKVKUEJGP (TGWPFUEJCHV =%TQKZ F JQPPGWT FG N #UUQEKCVKQP #OKECNG (TCPEQ $TKVCPPKSWG? /QFGNN OKV ,CJTGU\CJNGP *CNUMTGW\ \WT -NCUUG -QOOCPFGWT $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV #WHNCIGP XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF KO DNCWNGFGTPGP QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
'JTGPMTGW\ FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJ $TKVKUEJGP (TGWPFUEJCHV =%TQKZ F JQPPGWT FG N #UUQEKCVKQP #OKECNG (TCPEQ $TKVCPPKSWG? /QFGNN QJPG ,CJTGU\CJNGP $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG )TQMTGW\ HÒT CWGTQTFGPVNKEJG 8GTFKGPUVG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV #WHNCIGP XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 3WGTPCFGN KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC %TCXCP\QNC 5WEE )CTFKPQ KP 4QO ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 5VKHVWPI FGT #NVGP /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIGP =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N ęWXTG FGU 8KGWZ /KNK- VCKTGU? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ $TQP\G DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGHNGEMGP WPF EJKRU CP 0CFGN OKV GKPGO XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 4 ++ +++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT OKNKV·TK- UEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHVUQTFGP
566
150
567
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 5VKHVWPI FGT #NVGP /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIGP =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N ęWXTG FGU 8KGWZ /KNK- VCKTGU? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ ·NVGTG OKV DGKFUGKVKI CWUIGHÒJTVGT /CWGTMTQPG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 5VKHVWPI FGT #NVGP /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIGP =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N ęWXTG FGU 8KGWZ /KNK- VCKTGU? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI OKV DGKFUGKVKI CWUIGHÒJTVGT /CWGTMTQPG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 5VKHVWPI FGT #NVGP /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIGP =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N ęWXTG FGU 8KGWZ /KNK- VCKTGU? 4KVVGTMTGW\ ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI OKV DGKFUGKVKI CWUIGHÒJTVGT /CWGTMTQPG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
FRANKREICH
572
569
570
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 5VKHVWPI FGT #NVGP /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIGP =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N ęWXTG FGU 8KGWZ /KNK- VCKTGU? )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG HÒT RJKNCPVJTQRKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 5VKHVWPI FGT #NVGP /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIGP =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N ęWXTG FGU 8KGWZ /KNK- VCKTGU? 'JTGP\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGP HÒT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG ªDGTUGG 8GTFKGPUVG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG (TCP¼CKU F 1WVTG /GT? -QPHGMVKQ- PKGTVGU 5EJWNVGTDCPF =¾EJCTRG? \WO )TQMTGW\ FGU 1TFGPU QJPG -NGKPQF +
1TFGP HÒT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG ªDGTUGG 8GTFKGPUVG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG (TCP¼CKU F 1WVTG /GT? -QOOCP- FGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG ªDGTUGG 8GTFKGPUVG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG (TCP¼CKU F 1WVTG /GT? 1HHK\KGTU MTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
574
577 575
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÒT #NNKKGTVG -·ORHGT =%TQKZ FG /¾TKVG FGU %QODCVVCPVU #NNK¾U? )QNFGPGU 8GT FKGPUVMTGW\ LÒPIGTG GKPUGKVKIG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
&CU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ YKTF KP FTGK -NCUUGP )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G XGTNKGJGP
(TKGFGPU 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT +PVGTCNNKKGTVGP 8GTFKGPUVG =&¾EQTCVKQP FG NC 2CKZ RQWT NG /¾TKVG +PVGT- CNNK¾? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF 4 ++
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÒT #NNKKGTVG -·ORHGT =%TQKZ FG /¾TKVG FGU %QODCVVCPVU #NNK¾U? )QNFGPGU 8GT FKGPUVMTGW\ ·NVGTG \YGKUGKVKIG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
#PGTMGPPWPIUMTGW\ FGT 7 0 5 1 4 HÒT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG =%TQKZ FG 4GEQPPCKUUCPEG FG N 7 0 5 1 4 RQWT NGU 5QWU 1HHKEKGTU? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF ++
151
FRANKREICH
ex 581 580
578 579
'JTGPMTGW\ FGT 'WTQR·KUEJGP -QPHÌFGTCVKQP FGT GJGOCNKIGP -·ORHGT =%TQKZ F *QPPGWT FG NC %QPH¾F¾TCVKQP 'WTQR¾GPPG FGU #PEKGPU %QODCVVCPVU? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIK- PCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
4KXGV /GFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG 4KXGV? /QFGNN QJPG +PUEJTKHV CO 1TKIKPCNDCPF OKV $CPFURCPIG 84 ++ ++
/GFCKNNG FGT 8GTGKPKIWPI HÒT (TGWPFUEJCHV WPF 2JKNCPVJTQRKG FGT GJGOCNKIGP 5RCJKU =/¾FCKNNG FG N #UUQEKCVKQP #OKECNG GV 2JKNCPVJTQRKSWG FGU CPEKGPU 5RCJKU? $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGO #D\GKEJGP .' $1740175 ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC -TKGIUXGVGTCPGP WPF /KNKV·TXGTDCPFU #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP $TWUVD·PFGTP KP FWTEJYGI IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP ++
582
583
584
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FGP +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP -QPITG FGT /KNKV·T /GFK\KP WPF 2JCTOC\KG KP 2CTKU =/¾FCKNNG EQOO¾OQTCVKXG FW ½OG %QPIT½U +PVGTPCVKQPCN FG /¾F¾EKPG GV 2JCTOCEKG /KNKVCKTG 2CTKU ? $TQP\G CO $CPF ++
)'5'..5%*#(6514&'0 70& #75<'+%*070)'0 #..)'/'+0' 8'4&+'056' 70& 51056+)' )'5'..5%*#(6'0
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJ ,CRCPKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV =&¾EQTCVKQP FG NC 5QEK¾V¾ (TCPEQ ,CRQP- CKUG? 5KNDGTPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO VNY DGUVKEMVGO 1TKIKPCNDCPF OKV $CPFURCPIG 4 ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG =1TFTG NG /¾TKVG ? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF FGU 6[RU ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG =1TFTG NG /¾TKVG ? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF FGU 6[RU ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT )GUGNN- UEJCHVUQTFGP
152
FRANKREICH
586
589
587
590
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT CNNIGOGKPGP 8GTFKGPUV =&¾EQTCVKQP RQWT NG /¾TKVG 7PKXGTUGNNG? -QOOCPFGWT MTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP FGT 7PKQP FGT 'JTG =1TFTG FG N 7PKQP FG N *QPPGWT? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
1TFGP FGT 7PKQP FGT 'JTG =1TFTG FG N 7PKQP FG N *QPPGWT? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP )GUGNNUEJCHV \WT (ÌTFGTWPI FGU 8GTFKGPUVGU =&¾EQTCVKQP FG NC 5QEK¾V¾ 0CVKQPCNG F 'PEQWTCIGOGPV CW /¾TKVG? 4KVVGTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
1TFGP HÒT +PVGTPCVKQPCNG 8GTFKGPUVG =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG +PVGTPCVKQPCN? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGT- IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
592
593
594
591
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 0CVKQPCNGP 8GTFKGPUV =&¾EQTCVKQP FW /¾TKVG 0CVKQPCN? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGP FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP *ÌHNKEJMGKV =1TFTG FG NC %QWTVQKUG (TCP¼CKUG? /QFGNN 5KNDGTPG &GMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
1TFGP FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP *ÌHNKEJMGKV =1TFTG FG NC %QWTVQKUG (TCP¼CKUG? /QFGNN OKV +PUEJTKHV 14&4' &' .# $TQP\GPG &GMQTCVKQP $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF ++
1TFGP FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP *ÌHNKEJMGKV =1TFTG FG NC %QWTVQKUG (TCP¼CKUG? /QFGNN QJPG +PUEJTKHV 14&4' &' .# 5KNDGTPG &GMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP 6TCIGMQTFGN ++
153
FRANKREICH
595
596
596
1TFGP FGT 0CVWT =1TFTG FG NC 0CVWTG? $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV WPNGUGTNKEJGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 4 ++
#75<'+%*070)'0 810 #-#&'/+'0 70+8'45+6 6'0 +056+676'0 /75''0 70& 5%*7.'0
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT #MCFGOKG /CNGDTCPEJG KP ,WKNN[ =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N #ECF¾OKG /CNGDTCPEJG ¯ ,WKNN[? *CNUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF 4 ++
&KG #MCFGOKG /CNGDTCPEJG DGPCPPV PCEJ FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 1TCVQTKCPGT 2TKGUVGT 6JGQNQIGP WPF 2JKNQUQRJGP 0KEQNCU /CNGDTCPEJG IGJÌTV \WO -QORNGZ FGU -QNNGIU XQP ,WKNN[ IGNGIGP KP FGT INGKEJPCOKIGP )GOGKPFG KO &¾RCTVGOGPV 5GKPG GV /CTPG KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU GKPGO FGT DGFGWVGPFUVGP MCVJQNKUEJGP 'T\KGJWPIUGKPTKEJVWPIGP (TCPMTGKEJU
597 600 598
599
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGU I[RVKUEJGP +PUVKVWVU =/¾FCKNNG FG N +PUVKVWV F 'I[RVG? 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV 5VGTP #WHNCIG KO 'VWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU 4 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 'WTQR·KUEJGP #MCFGOKG FGT -ÒPUVG =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N #ECF¾OKG 'WTQR¾GPPG FGU #TVU? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO DGUVKEMVGP *CNUDCPF 4 ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT #MCFGOKG FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 'TIGDGPJGKV =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N #ECF¾OKG FW &¾XQWGOGPV 0CVKQPCN? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGEJKRU KO 4GXGTU- OGFCKNNQP QJPG *CNUDCPF ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT #MCFGOKG FGT 0CVKQPCNGP 5GNDUVNQUKIMGKV =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N #ECF¾OKG FW &¾XQWG- OGPV 0CVKQPCN? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGEJKR KP GKPGO -TGW\CTO CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++ +++
154
FRANKREICH
ex 603 601
604
602
'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO 'JTGP &KRNQO FGU /WUGWOU FGT #TDGKV WPF FGT /WVWCNKV·V =&¾EQTCVKQP FW &KR- NÊOG F JQPPGWT FW /WU¾G FW 6TCXCKN GV FG NC /WVWCNKV¾ ¯ 2CTKU? $TQP\G GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGEJKRU KO /GFCKNNQP CO $CPF ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT #MCFGOKG FGT /KPPGU·PIGT WPF 6TQWDCFQWTG (TCPMTGKEJ =&¾EQTCVKQP FG N #ECF¾OKG FGU 6TQWX½TGU GV 6TQWDCFQWTU FG (TCPEG? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC #WU\GKEJPWPIGP WPF /GFCKNNGP XQP #MCFGOKGP 5EJWNGP YKUUGPUEJCHVNKEJGP 8GTGKPKIWPIGP WPF -QOOWPGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP $TWUVD·P FGTP KP FWTEJYGIU IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP ++
#7556'..70)5#75<'+%*070)'0 70& 24'+5'
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT 7PKXGTUCN #WUUVGNNWPI XQP /CTUGKNNG =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP 7PKXGTUGNNG GV %QPEQWTU ¯ /CTUGKNNG ? 5KNDGT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
605
606
607 608
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP #WUUVGNNWPI XQP 2CTKU =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP +PVGTPCVKQ- PCNG ¯ 2CTKU ? $TQP\G GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG QJPG $CPF ++ +++
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP GKPGT +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP )GUWPFJGKVU #WUUVGNNWPI =2TKZ F WPG 'ZRQUKVKQP +PVGTPCVKQ- PCNG FG NC 5CPV¾? $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGEJKRU CO $CPF ++
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP 4QV -TGW\ #WUUVGNNWPI XQP $TKXG =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP +PVGTPCVKQPCNG FG NC %TQKZ 4QWIG FG $TKXG GP ? $TQP\G DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF 4 ++
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP #WUUVGNNWPI XQP /CTUGKNNG =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP 0CVKQPCNG ¯ /CTUGKNNG ? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG $CPF ++
155
FRANKREICH
609 610
611
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP #WUUVGNNWPI XQP 2CTKU =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP 0CVKQPCNG ¯ 2CTKU ? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF ++
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP #WUUVGNNWPI XQP /GV\ =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP 0CVKQPCNG ¯ /GV\ ? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU CO $CPF ++
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP #WUUVGNNWPI XQP 2CTKU =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP 0CVKQPCNG ¯ 2CTKU ? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG $CPF ++
612
613
614
615
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP #TDGKVU #WUUVGNNWPI XQP 2CTKU =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP 0CVKQPCNG FW 6TCXCKN ¯ 2CTKU ? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV TÒEMUGKVKIGT 9KFOWPIUITCXWT 8 &10<'.16 2'44'0647; CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT 0CVKQPCNGP #TDGKVU #WUUVGNNWPI XQP $QTFGCWZ =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP 0CVK- QPCNG FW 6TCXCKN ¯ $QTFGCWZ ? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF ++
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP GKPGT #TDGKVU #WUUVGNNWPI KP $TGUV =2TKZ F WPG 'ZRQUKVKQP FW 6TCXCKN ¯ $TGUV? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CP &COGPUEJNGKHG ++
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT #TDGKVU #WUUVGNNWPI XQP 2CTKU =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP FW 6TCXCKN ¯ 2CTKU ? /GUUKPI XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP ªDGTJÌJWPI HGJNV QJPG $CPF +8
156
FRANKREICH
616
617
618
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT #WUUVGNNWPI XQP $QTFGCWZ =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP ¯ $QTFGCWZ ? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF ++
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT #WUUVGNNWPI XQP $QTFGCWZ =2TKZ FG N 'ZRQUKVKQP ¯ $QTFGCWZ ? $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF ++
2TGKU &GMQTCVKQP FGT &KTGMVKQP GKPGT #WUUVGNNWPI =2TKZ FG &KTGEVKQP F WPG 'ZRQUKVKQP? $TQP\G XGT- IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGEJKRU CO $CPF ++
619
620
621
(4#0<¤5+5%*' 25'7&1&;0#56+5%*' 14&'0
/GNWUKPGP 1TFGP =1TFTG FG /¾NWUKPG? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV #WHNCIGP VNY )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO CNVGP 'VWK 00 5 HH 10 ++
&GT WTURTÒPINKEJG 1TFGP YWTFG YQJN XQP 5KD[NNC -ÌPKIKP XQP ,GTWUCNGO )GOCJNKP XQP )W[ FG .WUKIPCP -ÌPKI XQP ,GTWUCNGO WPF UR·VGT -ÌPKI XQP <[RGTP IGUVKHVGV IKPI CDGT YQJN DCNF PCEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGT 5VKHVGTKP WPVGT %CNHC -CPVCTQINQW GKP 6ÒTMG JCVVG XQP GKPGO #DGPVGWTGT KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI PCOGPU 6GVTWC 2GNGPFT[ FKG 6KVGN FGT GTNQUEJGPGP (COKNKG .WUKIPCP IGMCWHV 'T PCPPVG UKEJ HQTVCP )W[ FG .WUKIPCP -ÌPKINKEJGT 2TKP\ XQP ,GTWUCNGO <[RGTP WPF #TOGPKGP 5GKPG )GOCJNKP /CTKG .QWKUG ,QUGRJKPG FG .WUKIPCP IGD UEJGKPV FGP 1TFGP CNU FGUUGP )TQOGKUVGTKP WO KP \YGK -NCUUGP -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT YKGFGT DGNGDV WPF DKU XGTNKGJGP \W JCDGP UGKPG 5VCVWVGP YWTFGP KP 2CTKU IGFTWEMV
0+%*6 +&'06+(+<+'46' (4#0<¤5+5%*' )'5'..5%*#(6514&'0 70& #75<'+%*070)'0
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGT )GUGNNUEJCHVUQTFGP 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGT )GUGNNUEJCHVUQTFGP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G VNY XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC %JQDKNNQP KP 2CTKU CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF ++
157
FRANKREICH
622
623
627 (1:2)
'JTGP\GKEJGP GKPGT PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGP $NKPFGPJKNHG 1TICPKUCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 6TCIGTCJG QJPG $CPF ++
$TWUVUVGTP GKPGT PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGP #WU\GKEJPWPI $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN WPF OKV 6TCIGTKPI ++
-QPHGMVKQPKGTVGU WPIGVTCIGPGU 5EJWNVGTDCPF GKPGU PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGP )GUGNNUEJCHVUQTFGPU +P FGP (CTDGP XQP CWGP PCEJ KPPGP ITÒP TQV YGK DNCW IGND DNCW WPF UEJYCT\ ++
-QPHGMVKQPKGTVGU WPIGVTCIGPGU 5EJWNVGTDCPF GKPGU PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGP )GUGNNUEJCHVUQTFGPU +P FGP (CTDGP XQP CWGP PCEJ KPPGP ITÒP TQV YGK TQV WPF ITÒP ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC CNNIGOGKPGP WPF PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTGP )GUGNNUEJCHVUQTFGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF /GFCKNNGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV ITÌVGPVGKNU CP $TWUVD·PFGTP KP UGJT WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++ +++ +8
-NGKPG 5COONWPI XQP EC )GUGNNUEJCHVU /GFCKNNGP WPF #D\GKEJGP KO 2T·UGPVCVKQPUGVWK VNY KP /GVCNN VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP QFGT CWU $·PFGTP FKGUG VGKNU DGFTWEMV WPF VGKNU DGUVKEMV OKV $GHGUVKIWPIGP 5EJCTPKGTG FGU 'VWKU DGUEJ·FKIV 5VÒEM ++
158
FRANKREICH
628
/+0+#674'0 /+0+#674'052#0)'0 70& -'66%*'0
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV UKGDGP #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 'JTGPNGIKQP 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP -TKGIUMTGW\ -QODCVVCPVGPMTGW\ +PVGTCNNKKGTVG 5KGIGUOGFCKNNG 1TFGP HÃ&#x2019;T *CPFGNUXGTFKGPUVG 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGTPG #MCFGOKUEJG 2CNOGP 6WPGUKGP 1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU -NCUUG #P \YGK 0CFGNP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
629
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV PGWP #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 'JTGPNGIKQP 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP -TKGIUMTGW\ -QODCVVCPVGPMTGW\ +PVGTCNNKKGTVG 5KGIGU OGFCKNNG -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG $TQP\GPGU 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ HÃ&#x2019;T HTGKYKNNKIGP /KNKV·TFKGPUV 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÃ&#x2019;T OKNKV·TKUEJG 8GTYWPFGVG 5KNDGTPG #MCFGOKUEJG 2CNOGP 6WPG UKGP 1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU -NCUUG #P \YGK 0CFGNP ++
630
631
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV HÃ&#x2019;PH #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP -TKGIUMTGW\ /GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTUEJNGRRVG -QODCVVCPVGPMTGW\ -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOG- FCKNNG +PVGTCNNKKGTVG 5KGIGUOGFCKNNG #P 0CFGN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV HÃ&#x2019;PH #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 'JTGPNGIKQP 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP -TKGIUMTGW\ -QODCVVCPVGPMTGW\ $TQP\GPGU 8GT- FKGPUVMTGW\ HÃ&#x2019;T HTGKYKNNKIGP /KNKV·TFKGPUV 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÃ&#x2019;T OKNKV·TKUEJG 8GTYWPFGVG #P 0CFGN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
159
FRANKREICH
632
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GKPGU 8GTFWP WPF #TTCU 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV HÃ&#x2019;PH #WU\GKEJ- PWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 'JTGPNGIKQP 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP /KNKV·TOGFCKNNG -TKGIUMTGW\ 8GTFWP /GFCKNNG #TTCU /GFCKNNG #P 0CFGN ++
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU WPF -QNQPKCN 8GVGTCPGP OKV XKGT XQP WTURTÃ&#x2019;PINKEJ HÃ&#x2019;PH #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG +PVGT CNNKKGTVG 5KGIGUOGFCKNNG 5KNDGTPG #MCFGOKUEJG 2CNOGP -QNQPKCNOGFCKNNG (GJNV 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
634
633
635
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP GKPGU 8GVGTCPGP FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV XKGT #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP -TKGIUMTGW\ /GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T (TGKYKNNKIG -TGW\ HÃ&#x2019;T -TKGIUHTGKYKNNKIG -TKGIU GTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG #P \YGK 0CFGNP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV CEJV #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 8QP QHHK\KGNNGP JCNDQHHK\KGNNGP WPF KPQHHK\KGN- NGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP #P 0CFGN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
637 636
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV UGEJU XQP WTURTÃ&#x2019;PINKEJ UKGDGP #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 8QP QHHK\KGNNGP JCNDQHHK\KGNNGP WPF KPQHHK\KGNNGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP #P 0CFGN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV HÃ&#x2019;PH #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 8QP QHHK\KGNNGP JCNDQHHK\KGNNGP WPF KPQHHK\KGN- NGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP #P 0CFGN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
160
FRANKREICH
ex 638 ex 639
ex 640
-QPXQNWV XQP EC /KPKCVWTGP XQP QHHK\KGNNGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP XQP FGT 4GUVCWTCVKQP ÒDGT FCU <YGKVG -CKUGTTGKEJ DKU \WT 8KGTVGP 4GRWDNKM FCTWPVGT OGJTGTG 5GNVGPJGKVGP < $ &CJQOG[ /GFCKNNG GOCKNNKGTVGU -TGW\ HÒT *KNHG HÒT OKNKV·TKUEJG 8GTYWPFGVG OGJ TGTG OKPKUVGTKGNNG 1TFGP XGTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG CWEJ )QNF WPF 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV \YGK OKV &KCOCPVTQUGP DGUGV\V XQTYKGIGPF CP MQTTGMVGP 1TKIKPCND·PFEJGP GKPKIG OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 4QUGVVGP QFGT $CPFURCPIGP GKPG KO .GFGTGVWK KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP LGFQEJ XQTYKGIGPF KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++ +++ +8
-QPXQNWV XQP /KPKCVWTGP XQP XGTUEJKGFGPGP -QNQPKCNQTFGP WPF #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP MQTTGMVGP 1TKIKPCND·PFEJGP PGWP OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 4QUGVVGP KP ÒDGTYKGIGPF IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC /KPKCVWTGP XQP OKNKV·TKUEJGP WPF \KXKNGP )GUGNNUEJCHVU 1TFGP #WU\GKEJ WPIGP WPF /GFCKNNGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV XQTYKG IGPF CP $·PFEJGP \CJNTGKEJG OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 4QUGVVGP CEJV CP GKPGO /KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP KP XQT YKGIGPF UGJT IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++ ++ +++ +++
-QPXQNWV XQP ÒDGT +PVGTKOURCPIGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT QHHK\KGNNGT WPF KPQHHK\KGNNGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP <CJNTGKEJG &WRNKMCVG \CJNTGKEJG OKV CWHIGNGIVGP 4QUGVVGP WPF QFGT /GVCNNCWHNCIGP CP 0CFGNP 5VÒEM ++
642 643
#$<'+%*'0
&GMQTCVKQP HÒT 5GPCVQTGP FGT 4GRWDNKM =&¾EQTCVKQP FGU 5¾PCVGWTU? )TQG #WUHÒJTWPI FGT &TKVVGP 4GRWDNKM $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF KO UR·VGTGP 'VWK FGT /ÒP\G XQP 2CTKU 5'0 5 H 6CH ++
&KG &GMQTCVKQP YWTFG FWTEJ 5GPCVUDGUEJNW XQO /CK IGUVKHVGV WPF FWTEJ $GUEJNW XQO /·T\ YWTFG FCU 5EJWNVGTDCPF JKP\WIGHÒIV
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GPGTCN 4CVGU FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU 5GKPG =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FG %QPUGKN )¾P¾TCN FW &¾RCTVGOGPV 5GKPG? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC %JQDKNNQP KP 2CTKU -NCOOGT CDIGDTQEJGP ++ +8
&CU CNVG &¾RCTVGOGPV 5GKPG OKV FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP *CWRVUVCFV 2CTKU YWTFG GTTKEJVGV WPF \WO ,CPWCT CWHIGJQDGP
161
FRANKREICH
644
645
647
646
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GPGTCN 4CVGU FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU *CWVG .QKTG =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FG %QPUGKN )¾P¾TCN FW &¾RCTVGOGPV *CWVG .QKTG? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT ++
&CU &¾RCTVGOGPV *CWVG .QKTG OKV FGO *CWRVQTV .G 2W[ GP 8GNC[ NKGIV KP FGT 4GIKQP #WXGTIPG KO 5ÒFGP (TCPMTGKEJU
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GPGTCN 4CVGU FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU 8CWENWUG =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FG %QPUGKN )¾P¾TCN FW &¾RCTVGOGPV 8CWENWUG? $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNG CDRNCV\WPIGP CP -NCOOGT +++
&CU &¾RCTVGOGPV 8CWENWUG OKV FGT *CWRVUVCFV #XKIPQP NKGIV KP FGT 4GIKQP 2TQXGPEG #NRGU %ÊVG F #\WT KO 5ÒFGP (TCPMTGKEJU
$ÒTIGTOGKUVGT #D\GKEJGP FGU +8 #TTQPFKUUGOGPVU XQP 2CTKU =+PUKIPG FG /CKTG FW +8K½OG #TTQPFKUUGOGPV FG 2CTKU? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK -NCOOGT CDIGDTQEJGP 44 ++ +8
&CU +8 #TTQPFKUUGOGPV FGT 5VCFV 2CTKU WOHCV W C FKG 5GKPG +PUGN OKV FGT -CVJGFTCNG 0QVTG &COG
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP /QPVTGWKN =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG /QPVTGWKN? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC %JQDKNNQP KP 2CTKU ++
/QPVTGWKN KUV FGT 0COG OGJTGTGT )GOGKPFGP KP (TCPMTGKEJ
651 648
649
650
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP /GCWZ =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG /GCWZ? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT FKGUG OKV 'KPRT·IWPI &'215' ' 2 ++
/GCWZ KUV GKPG 5VCFV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU KO &¾RCTVGOGPVU 5GKPG GV /CTPG KP FGT 4GIKQP NG FG (TCPEG
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP .C *C[G /CNJGTDG =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG .C *C[G /CNJGTDG? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT 4 ++
.C *C[G /CNJGTDG KUV GKPG )GOGKPFG OKV FGT\GKV 'KPYQJPGTP KO #TTQPFKUUGOGPV 'XTGWZ FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU 'WTG KP FGT 4GIKQP 1DGTG 0QTOCPFKG KO 0QTFYGUVGP (TCPMTGKEJU
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP 0GXGTU =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG 0GXGTU? $TQP\G VNY XGTIQNFGV XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT FKGUG OKV 'KPRT·IWPI # &'5#+&' ++
0GXGTU KUV GKPG 5VCFV KO &¾RCTVGOGPU 0K½XTG KP FGT 4GIKQP $WTIWPF KO 1UVGP (TCPMTGKEJU
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP /GTNGDCEJ =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG /GTNGDCEJ? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT ++ (TG[OKPI /GTNGDCEJ KUV GKPG -NGKPUVCFV KO #TTQPFKUUGOGPV (QTDCEJ FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU /QUGNNG KP FGT 4GIKQP .QVJTKPIGP KO 0QTFQUVGP (TCPMTGKEJU
162
FRANKREICH
653
652
654
655
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP 5CKPV .GW .C (QT¿V =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG 5CKPV .GW .C (QT¿V? $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT ++
5CKPV .GW .C (QT¿V KUV GKPG 5VCFV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU KO #TTQPFKUUGOGPV 2QPVQKUG FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU 8CN F 1KUG KP FGT 4GIKQP NG FG (TCPEG
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP 6QWTEQKPI =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG 6QWTEQKPI? $TQP\G VNY XGTIQNFGV XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT FKGUG OKV )TCXWT .' /'&#+..+'4 ++
6QWTEQKPI KUV GKPG 5VCFV KO #TTQPFKUUGOGPV .KNNG FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU 0QTF KP FGT 4GIKQP 0QTF 2CU FG %CNCKU KO 0QTFGP (TCPMTGKEJU
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP .[QP =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG .[QP? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT FKGUG OKV )TCXWT / $4701& ++
.[QP KUV GKPG )TQUVCFV KO &¾RCTVGOGPV 4JÊPG KP FGT 4GIKQP 4JÊPG #NRGU KO 1UVGP (TCPMTGKEJU
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP .GXCNNQKU 2GTTGV =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG .GXCNNQKU 2GTTGV? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGT DG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC %JQDKNNQP KP 2CTKU CP -NCOOGT ++
.GXCNNQKU 2GTTGV KUV GKPG 5VCFV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU KO #TTQPFKUUGOGPV 0CPVGTTG FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU *CWVU FG 5GKPG KP FGT 4GIKQP NG FG (TCPEG
656
659 657
660
658
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP %QTDGKN =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG %QTDGKN? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT 44 ++
%QTDGKN KUV GKPG )GOGKPFG OKV FGT\GKV PWT 'KPYQJPGTP KO #TTQPFKUUGOGPV 8KVT[ NG (TCP¼QKU FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU /CTPG KP FGT 4GIKQP %JCORCIPG #TFGPPG KO 0QTFQUVGP (TCPMTGKEJU
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP %GTI[ =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG %GTI[? $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP -NCOOGT ++
%GTI[ KUV GKPG 5VCFV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU KO #TTQPFKUUGOGPV 2QPVQKUG FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU 8CN F 1KUG KP FGT 4GIKQP NG FG (TCPEG
#D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU XQP 4QWDCKZ =+PUKIPG FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN FG 4QWDCKZ? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG CP -NCOOGT FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G +++
4QWDCKZ KUV GKPG 5VCFV KO #TTQPFKUUGOGPV .KNNG FGU &¾RCTVGOGPVU 0QTF KP FGT 4GIKQP 0QTF 2CU FG %CNCKU KO 0QTFGP (TCPMTGKEJU
#NNIGOGKPGU #D\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU )GOGKPFGTCVGU =+PUKIPG I¾P¾TCN FG OGODTG FW %QPUGKN /WPKEKRCN? $TQP\G VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ) ' /CTFKPK KP 2CTKU CP 0CFGN ++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGU #D\GKEJGP 2 ' =+PUKIPG KPEQPPW 2 ' ? $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP \YGK &QRRGNURNKPVGP ++
163
GRIECHENLAND
661
)4+'%*'0.#0&
&4+66'5 -¤0+)4'+%*
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP -ÌPKI )GQTIU + =Βασιλικον Ταγμα Αριστειας τον Γεωργιου Α ? )TQMQO- OCPFGWT 5GV KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT #PHGTVKIWPI DGUVGJGPF CWU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV GKPGT -TGW\CTOURKV\G OKP DGUEJ·FKIV CO VNY CWUIGDNKEJGPGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT #WHNCIGP XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU <- 5VÒEM ++
-ÌPKI -QPUVCPVKP + UVKHVGVG FGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP CO ,CPWCT KP 'TKPPGTWPI CP UGKPGP 8CVGT -ÌPKI )GQTI + /KV 'TTKEJVWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM YWTFG FGT 1TFGP CWHIGJQDGP LGFQEJ DGK FGT 9GKFGT GKPHÒJTWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG YKGFGT GTTKEJVGV 'T YWTFG HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KO -CORH HÒT FCU 8CVGTNCPF OKV 5EJYGTVGTP QFGT CWH FGO )GDKGV FGT ÌHHGPVNKEJGP 8GTYCNVWPI FGT .KVGTCVWT WPF -WPUV FGT 0CVKQPCNÌMQPQOKG WPF 2QNKVKM FGU UQ\KCNGP 9KTMGPU WPF FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHV XGTNKGJGP YWTFG GT XQP FGT /KNKV·TTGIKGTWPI CDIGUEJCHHV
662
2JÌPKZ 1TFGP =Ταγμα ΑριστεÃας τον ΦοÃνιχος? /QFGNN QJPG $WEJUVCDGP CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP #WUICDG OKV /QPQITCOO XQP -ÌPKI 2CWN CWH FGO 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQP ņ ? )TQMQOOCPFGWT 5GV DGUVGJGPF CWU -QOOCPFGWTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT #WHNCIGP XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G '/' FGT (KTOC $ #PCIPQUVQRQWNQU KP #VJGP WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU
5EJYCPGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC $ #PCIPQUVQRQWNQU <- 5VÒEM ++ )GUVKHVGV XQP FGT ITKGEJKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM CO /CK CNU HÒPHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YCT GT \W- P·EJUV #WUN·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP 0CEJ 9KGFGTGKPHÒJTWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG YWTFG GT CO ,CPWCT KP GKPGP CWEJ HÒT )TKGEJGP \WI·PINKEJGTGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP WOIGHQTOV +P WPF CDIG·PFGTVGT (QTO DGUVGJV FGT 1TFGP PQEJ JGWVG
164
GRIECHENLAND
663
8+'46' 4'27$.+- 5'+6
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =Ταγμα Αριστειας της Τιμης? /QFGNN OKV /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV UGKV )TQ- MQOOCPFGWT 5GV DGUVGJGPF CWU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGEJKRU CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GT 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU <- 5VÒEM ++
664
665 664
)4+'%*+5%* 146*1&1:' -+4%*' )4+'%*+5%* 146*1&1:'5 2#64+#4%*#6 810 #.':#0&4+#
2CVTKCTEJCN 1TFGP FGU JN #RQUVGNU /CTMWU )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF MCNV GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF MCNV GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK 5VÒEM 4 ++
&GT 1TFGP YKTF XQO )TKGEJKUEJ 1TVJQFQZGP 2CVTKCTEJGP XQP #NGZCPFTKC KP I[RVGP WPF ICP\ #HTKMC XGTNKGJGP FGT\GKV 6JGQFQTQU ++ 0KMQNCQU *QTGHVCMKU IGD
5;4+5%* 146*1&1:'5 2#64+#4%*#6 810 #06+1%*+#
1TFGP FGT JN #RQUVGN 2GVTWU WPF 2CWNWU $TWUVUVGTP XGTUKNDGTV VGKNYGKUG XGTIQNFGV WPF NCEMKGTV OKP 4GRCTCVWTGP CP 0CFGN 4 ++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP CO ,WPK -CV 0T &KGUGT 1TFGP YKTF XQO U[TKUEJ QTVJQFQZGP 2CVTKCTEJGP XQP #PVKQEJKC OKV 5KV\ KP &COCUMWU UGKV +IPCVKWU <CMMC + +YCU HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU 2CVTKCTEJCV XGTNKGJGP WPF KUV UGJT UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
165
GROSSBRITANNIEN
666 1:1,5
0+%*6 +&'06+(+<+'46' )4+'%*+5%* 146*1&1:' $+56ª/'4
1TFGP 7PUGTGT .KGDGP (TCW FGT )QVVGUIGD·JTGTKP -NGKPQF XGTUKNDGTV VGKNYGKUG XGTIQNFGV WPF NCEMKGTV QJPG $CPF 44 ++
'ZGORNCT CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP CO ,WPK -CV 0T &KGUGT 1TFGP YKTF XQP GKPGO PKEJV KFGPVKHK- \KGTVGP ITKGEJKUEJ QTVJQFQZGP 2CVTKCTEJGP QFGT 'T\DKUEJQH FGU 0CJGP 1UVGPU XGTNKGJGP
'KPGP YGKVGTGP ITKGEJKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF GKPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HKPFGP 5KG KO 0CEJNCUU 9KNNKCO $CNEM WPVGT FGP .QUPWOOGTP WPF
667 (1:1)
8'4'+0+)6'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 810 )4155$4+6#00+'0 70& 014&+4.#0&
&GT 5GJT 8QTPGJOG 1TFGP XQO *QUGPDCPF =6JG /QUV 0QDNG 1TFGT QH VJG )CTVGT? &GMQTCVKQP FGU 1TFGPUMCP\NGTU )QNF JQJN IGCTDGKVGV HGKPUV ITCXKGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I OKP 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWTGP WPVGTJCND FGT ¤UG KP FGT ¤UG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C 90 -TQPG WPF HÒT EV )QNF WPF -QRHRWP\G FGT -ÌPKIKP 8KMVQTKC QJPG FKG FTGKHCEJG #OVUMGVVG <- 444 ++ 'KP PCJG\W KFGPVKUEJGU 'ZGORNCT KUV CDIGDKNFGV DGK $GIGPV WPF %JGUUJ[TG KP $') 5 &KG #OVUKPUKIPKGP FGT DTKVKUEJGP 1TFGPUDGCOVGP KPUDGUQPFGTG FGT FTGK JÌEJUVGP 1TFGP UKPF XQP ·WGTUVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GKV 'KPTKEJVWPI FGU #OVGU KO ,CJTG ICD GU NCWV $GIGPV WPF %JGUUJ[TG KP $') 5 DKU PWT +PJCDGT FKGUGU #OVGU YQXQP GU PWT XKGT Y·JTGPF FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV XQP -ÌPKIKP 8KMVQTKC XQP DKU CWUÒDVGP 'U JCPFGNVG UKEJ FCDGK WO
4KEJCTF $CIQV XQP DKU 5COWGN 9KNDGTHQTEG XQP DKU ,QJP (KFFGT /CE-CTPGUU XQP DKU WPF 9KNNKCO 5VWDDU XQP DKU
#WHITWPF FGT 8KMVQTKC -QRH 2WP\G KUV FCXQP CWU\WIGJGP FC GKPGT FGT XKGT XQTIGPCPPVGP 2GTUQPGP FCU JKGT CPIGDQVGPG 'ZGORNCT CNU #OVUFGMQTCVKQP IGVTCIGP JCV YQDGK FKG #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV·V GJGT CWH GKPGP FGT DGKFGP NGV\VIGPCPPVGP UEJNKGGP N·V
166
GROSSBRITANNIEN
669 (1:1) 671 (1:1)
668 (1:1) 670
&GT 5GJT #NVG WPF 5GJT 8QTPGJOG &KUVGNQTFGP =6JG /QUV #PEKGPV CPF /QUV 0QDNG 1TFGT QH VJG 6JKUVNG? 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP KP (QTO GKPGU QXCNGP /GFCKNNQPU Z OO )QNF JQJN IGCTDGKVGV VNY HGKPUV ITCXKGTV WPF \KUGNKGTV FKG 8QTFGTUGKVG VNY GOCKNNKGTV I 5RTÒPIG WPF OKP #DURNKVVG TWPIGP KP FGT 'OCKNNG QJPG $CPF QFGT -GVVG 444 ++ #PHGTVKIWPI YQJN CWU FGT \YGKVGP *·NHVG FGU ,CJJWPFGTVU WPF XQP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV
1D GU UKEJ JKGTDGK CWHITWPF FGT IGTKPIGP )TÌG WO GKPG ITÌGPTGFW\KGTVG 5EJ·TRGPFGMQTCVKQP JCPFGNV FKG CO *CNUDCPF QFGT KO -PQRHNQEJ IGVTCIGP YWTFG QFGT WO GKPG #OVUFGMQTCVKQP GKPGU 1TFGPUDGCOVGP FKG CP GKPGT -GVVG IGVTCIGP YWTFG MQPPVG DKUJGT NGKFGT PKEJV HGUVIGUVGNNV YGTFGP
&GT 5GJT 'TJCDGPG 1TFGP FGU JN 2CVTKEM =6JG /QUV +NNWUVTKQWU 1TFGT QH 5V 2CVTKEM? $TWUVUVGTP Z OO 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV /GFCKNNQP )QNF VNY HGKPUV ITCXKGTV GOCKNNKGTV OKP MCWO UKEJVDCTGTG %JKRU KP FGT ITÒPGP 'OCKNNG WPF FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG FGT -TQPGPYÒNUVG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTITCXWT FGT (KTOC 5VQTT /QTVKOGT KP .QPFQP CP GEJV IQNFGPGT 0CFGN $9- /; <- ++
&GT 5GJT 'JTGPYGTVG $CVJ 1TFGP =6JG /QUV *QPQWTCDNG 1TFGT QH VJG $CVJ? /QFGNN UGKV OKNKV·TKUEJG #DVGKNWPI -TGW\ FGT -QORCIPQPU =%QORCPKQP QH VJG $CVJ % $ ? #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO *CNUDCPF UGKV 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY \KUGNKGTV GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP NCPIGP *CNUDCPF $9- <- ++
&GT 5GJT *GTXQTTCIGPFG 1TFGPU FGU +PFKUEJGP 'ORKTGU =6JG /QUV 'OKPGPV 1TFGT QH VJG +PFKCP 'ORKTG? /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ -PKIJV )TCPF %TQUU ) % + ' 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQP )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP GEJV IQNFGPGT 0CFGN $9- <- + ++ &KG $GNGKJWPI OKV FKGUGT -NCUUG HÒJTVG HÒT $TKVGP +PFGT -CPCFKGT #WUVTCNKGT 0GWUGGN·PFGT GVE FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU RGTUÌPNKEJGP #FGNU FWTEJ FKG #WHPCJOG KP FKG 4KVVGTUEJCHV OKV UKEJ OKV FGO 4GEJV FKG #PTGFG 5KT \W HÒJTGP
167
GROSSBRITANNIEN
672 (1:1)
673 (1:1)
674 (1:1)
&GT 5GJT *GTXQTTCIGPFG 1TFGP FGU +PFKUEJGP 'ORKTGU =6JG /QUV 'OKPGPV 1TFGT QH VJG +PFKCP 'ORKTG? /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO 4KVVGT -QOOCPFGWT -PKIJV %QOOCPFGT - % + ' 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQP )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP GEJV IQNFGPGT 0CFGN $9- <- + ++ &KG $GNGKJWPI OKV FKGUGT -NCUUG HÒJTVG HÒT $TKVGP +PFGT -CPCFKGT #WUVTCNKGT 0GWUGGN·PFGT GVE FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU RGTUÌPNKEJGP #FGNU FWTEJ FKG #WHPCJOG KP FKG 4KVVGTUEJCHV OKV UKEJ OKV FGO 4GEJV FKG #PTGFG 5KT \W HÒJTGP
&GT 5GJT $GFGWVGPFG 1TFGP FGU $TKVKUEJGP 'ORKTGU =6JG /QUV 'ZEGNNGPV 1TFGT QH VJG $TKVKUJ 'O- RKTG? /QFGNN OKV $TKVCPPKC KO /GFCKNNQP $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ 4KVVGT =-PKIJV )TCPF %TQUU ) $ ' ? HÒT *GTTGP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGVGT 0CFGN /; <- ++ &GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO ,WPK XQP -ÌPKI )GQTI 8 IGUVKHVGV FKG )GUVCNVWPI UGKPGT +PUKIPKGP FWTEJ -ÌPKI )GQTI 8+ GVYCU XGT·PFGTV 8QP #PHCPI CP YWTFGP CWEJ (TCWGP KP FGP 1TFGP CWHIGPQOOGP &KG $GNGKJWPI OKV FGP DGKFGP JÌEJUVGP -NCUUGP HÒJTV JGWVG PWT PQEJ HÒT $TKVGP HTÒJGT CWEJ HÒT -CPCFKGT #WUVTCNKGT 0GWUGGN·PFGT GVE FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU RGTUÌPNKEJGP #FGNU FWTEJ FKG #WHPCJOG KP FKG 4KVVGTUEJCHV OKV UKEJ OKV FGO 4GEJV FKG #PTGFG 5KT QFGT &COG \W HÒJTGP &GO 1TFGP CHHKNKKGTV KUV FKG /GFCKNNG FGU $TKVKUEJGP 'ORKTGU 8IN CWEJ )CNNQYC[ 2GVGT 6JG 1TFGT QH VJG $TKVKUJ 'ORKTG .QPFQP
&GT 5GJT $GFGWVGPFG 1TFGP FGU $TKVKUEJGP 'ORKTGU =6JG /QUV 'ZEGNNGPV 1TFGT QH VJG $TKVKUJ 'O- RKTG? /QFGNN OKV 2QTVTCKV -ÌPKI )GQTIU 8 WPF -ÌPKIKP /CT[U KO /GFCKNNQP UGKV $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT 4KVVGT =-PKIJV %QOOCPFGT - $ ' ? 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN /; <- ++ &KG $GNGKJWPI OKV FKGUGT -NCUUG HÒJTV PWT PQEJ HÒT $TKVGP HTÒJGT CWEJ HÒT -CPCFKGT #WUVTCNKGT 0GWUGGN·PFGT GVE FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU RGTUÌPNKEJGP #FGNU FWTEJ FKG #WHPCJOG KP FKG 4KVVGTUEJCHV OKV UKEJ OKV FGO 4GEJV FKG #PTGFG 5KT \W HÒJTGP
168
GROSSBRITANNIEN
675 (1:1)
&CU 4KVVGTUEJCHVU #D\GKEJGP =6JG -PKIJV $CEJGNQT U $CFIG? /QFGNN ITQGU 5VGEMCD\GKEJGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G , % FGT (KTOC %QNNKPIYQQF WPF .QPFQPGT 5KNDGTRWP\G HÒT CP 0CFGN /; ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO FCU #D\GKEJGP FCU FGTLGPKIG GTJCNVGP JCV D\Y GTJ·NV FGT QJPG 8GTNGKJWPI GKPGU 1TFGPU KP FGP RGTUÌPNKEJGP #FGNUUVCPF FGT 4KVVGTUEJCHV GTJQDGP YQTFGP KUV OKV FGO 4GEJV FKG #PTGFG 5KT \W HÒJTGP
676 (1:1)
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +PFKGP =+ORGTKCN 1TFGT QH VJG %TQYP QH +PFKC? 1TFGPU FGMQTCVKQP )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV DGUGV\V ¯ LQWT OKV &KCOCPVGP KP #NVUEJNKHH KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGT )TÌG 2GTNGP KP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP )TÌGP WPF 6ÒTMKUGP CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP &COGPUEJNGKHG CP $TQUEJKGTWPI OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5RKPM 5QP KP .QPFQP $9- /; <- 444 ++ &GT GKPMNCUUKIG &COGPQTFGP YWTFG CO ,CPWCT XQP -ÌPKIKP 8KMVQTKC CWU #PNC FGU GTUVGP ,CJ- TGUVCIGU KJTGT HGKGTNKEJGP 2TQMNCOCVKQP \WT -CKUGTKP XQP +PFKGP Y·JTGPF FGU &GJNK &WTDCTU CO ,CPWCT XGTNKGJGP 'T YCT 2TKP\GUUKPPGP FGT MÌPKINKEJGP (COKNKG WPF KPFKUEJGP 2TKP\GUUKPPGP WPF &COGP XQTDGJCNVGP 2TKP\GUUKP 'NKUCDGVJ FKG UR·VGTG -ÌPKIKP 'NKUCDGVJ ++ IGD FKG NGV\VG PQEJ NGDGPFG 6T·IGTKP FGU 1TFGPU JCV KJP \WUCOOGP OKV +JTGT 5EJYGUVGT 2TKP\GUUKP /CTICTGV XQP KJTGO 8CVGT )GQTI 8+ FGO NGV\VGP -CKUGT XQP +PFKGP DKU #WIWUV XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP
169
GROSSBRITANNIEN
677
678
680
679
682 681
&CU )TQRTKQTCV FGU 5GJT 'JTYÒTFKIGP 1TFGPU XQO *QURKVCN FGU JN ,QJCPPGU XQP ,GTWUCNGO =6JG )TCPF 2TKQT[ QH VJG /QUV 8GPGTCDNG 1TFGT QH VJG *QURKVCN QH 5V ,QJP QH ,GTWUCNGO? UGKV /QFGNN QJPG -TQPG UGKV 5GV FGT )PCFGPTKVVGT =-PKIJVU QH )TCEG? #WUHÒJTWPI UGKV DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV WPF $TWUVUVGTP ITQG #WUHÒJTWPI &WTEJOGUUGT OO $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN <- XCT XCT 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP HÒT CWUIG\GKEJPGVGP &KGPUV =&KUVKPIWKUJGF 5GTXKEG 1TFGT? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI )GQTIU 8 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CP 4CJGURCPIG OKV $CPF WPF 6TCIGURCPIG /; <- ++
4GKEJU &KGPUV 1TFGP =+ORGTKCN 5GTXKEG 1TFGT? /QFGNN OKV FGO /QPQITCOO )4+ -ÌPKI )GQTIU 8+ 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP HÒT *GTTGP 5KNDGT )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G %Q WPF $KTOKPIJCOGT ,CJTGURWP\G 0 HÒT CO $CPF $9- /; <- ++
/KNKV·TMTGW\ =/KNKVCT[ %TQUU? #WUICDG OKV FGO /QPQITCOO )4+ -ÌPKI )GQTIU 8+ 5KNDGT QJPG ,CJTGU\CJN CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV \YGK +PVGTKOUURCPIGP $9- /; ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT -CPCFKUEJGP 5VTGKVMT·HVG =%CPCFKCP (QTEGU FGQETCVKQP? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QT- VTCKV -ÌPKIKP 'NKUCDGVJU ++ UGKV $TQP\G OKV 4CPFPCOGP %2. & , #+6-'0 CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF /; % ++
)QNFGPGU #TOGG -TGW\ =#TO[ )QNF %TQUU? 'KPHCEJG 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPI =UKORNG EQR[? FGU -TGW\GU /GVCNNIW XGTIQNFGV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RWP\KGTV %12; CP $CPFTCJG OKV $CPF $CPFURCPIG 8+6614 +# OKV 5EJPCNNG ++
*ÒDUEJG 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPI FKGUGT KO 1TKIKPCN PWT UGJT UEJYGT \W DGUEJCHHGPFGP JÌEJUVGP DTKVKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPI FGT 0CRQNGQPKUEJGP -TKGIG
170
INTERNATIONALE/GESELLSCHAFTS-ORDEN
ex 686 684
ex 685
683
687
5EJOWEMCPJ·PIGT CWH FKG 'PVGPVG %QTFKCNG \WT 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI $GNIKGPU KO ,CJTG Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK ++
)TÒPFGT $KLQW FGT ;G %WTHGY .QFIG 0T 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 9KFOWPIUITCXWT ;' %74('9 .1&)' 0u 24'5'06'& 61 $TQ 4 &KTMGT - 1 / &'% VJ CP $CPFTCJG OKV $CPF FKGUGU OKV $CPFURCPIG (170&'4 WPF OKV 6TCIG- URCPIG ++
'KPGP YGKVGTGP DTKVKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF \YGK 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP HKPFGP 5KG KO 0CEJNCUU 9KNNKCO $CNEM WPVGT FGP .QUWOOGTP DKU
+06'40#6+10#.' 70& )'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0 25'7&1 /#.6'5'4 14&'0
5QWXGT·PGT /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN ,QJCPPGU XQP ,GTWUCNGO 4KVVGT XQP /CNVC =5QXGTGKIP /KNK- VCT[ 1TFGT QH 5V ,QJP QH ,GTWUCNGO -PKIJVU QH /CNVC? -TGW\ FGT )PCFGPTKVVGT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP WPF -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO OKV YGKGP 1TFGPUMTGW\ DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ) )WEEKQPG KP 4QO &C\W IGHCNVGVGT 1TFGPUYKORGN 5VÒEM ++
5QWXGT·PGT /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN ,QJCPPGU XQP ,GTWUCNGO 4KVVGT XQP /CNVC =5QXGTGKIP /KNK- VCT[ 1TFGT QH 5V ,QJP QH ,GTWUCNGO -PKIJVU QH /CNVC? -TGW\ FGT )PCFGPTKVVGT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ) )WEEKQPG KP 4QO &C\W IGHCNVGVGT 1TFGPUYKORGN 5VÒEM ++
25'7&1&;0#56+5%*' 14&'0
1TFGP FGT #\VGMGPMTQPG -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF
4 ++
&GT 1TFGP YKTF XQP GKPGO MCKUGTNKEJGP 2TKP\GP )TCW /QEVG\WOC 8GK 6KCVQKCPK XQP #PCJWCE XGTNKGJGP FGT UGKPG #DUVCOOWPI WPF 6JTQPTGEJVG CWH FGP NGV\VGP *GTTUEJGT FGT #\VGMGP /QEVG\WOC ++ :QEQ[QV\KP \WTÒEMHÒJTV FGT KP (QNIG FGT 'TQDGTWPI /GZKEQU FWTEJ FGP URCPKUEJGP %QPSWKUVCFQT *GTP±P %QTV¾U WOIGMQOOGP KUV QFGT GTOQTFGV YWTFG D\Y CWH FGUUGP 6QEJVGT /CTKC :KRCIWC\KP FKG FGP URCPKUEJGP $CTQP ,WCP FG )TCW FG 6QNQTÃW IGJGKTCVGV JCV
171
INTERNATIONALE/GESELLSCHAFTS-ORDEN
688
690
689
+06'40#6+10#.' 70& )'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0 706'4 -+4%*.+%*'/ 2416'-614#6
5QWXGT·PGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGT /KNK\ XQO *GKNKIGP )TCDG =1TFTG 5QWXGTCKP GV /KNKVCKTG FG NC /KNKEG FW 5CKPV 5GRWNETG? )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
5QWXGT·PGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGT /KNK\ XQO *GKNKIGP )TCDG =1TFTG 5QWXGTCKP GV /KNKVCKTG FG NC /KNKEG FW 5CKPV 5GRWNETG? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN ++
/KNKV·TKUEJGT *QURKVCN 1TFGP 7PUGTGT .KGDGP (TCW XQP $GVNGJGO -TGW\ FGT )PCFGPMQOOCPFGWTG ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRH NQEJTQUGVVG ++
&GT 1TFGP YWTFG XQP 2CRUV 2KWU ++ 2KEEQNQOKPK \WT 8GTVGKFKIWPI XQP .GOPQU IGITÒPFGV GT GTNQUEJ 0GWITÒPFWPI FWTEJ 'HVKOKQU ;QWCMKO ITKGEJKUEJ OGNMKVKUEJGT 'T\DKUEJQH XQP <CJNGJ WPF (WT\CN OKV 5VCVWVGP XQO WPF 8QO *GKNKIGP 5VWJN WPF FGO *QEJMQOOKUUCT FGU .KDCPQP CNU KPQHHK\KGNN GTMN·TV 7O KP FKG NKDCPGUKUEJG MCVJQNKUEJG $KUEJQHUMQPHGTGP\ CWHIGPQOOGP \W YGTFGP XGT\KEJVGVG FGT 'T\DKUEJQH CWH FGP 1TFGP &GTUGNDG YWTFG CDGT YGKVGTIGHÒJTV XQP 2KGVTQ #OCTQUQ 2TKPEKRG FK #OQTKQ G FK %CUVGN #NDGTKEQŌ WPF CPFGTGP KP FGT 9GNV FGT KPQHHK\KGNNGP 1TFGP PQVQTKUEJGP 2GTUQPGP 'T YKTF JGWVG PQEJ KOOGT YKGFGT FGO *GKNKIGP 5VWJN \WIGUEJTKGDGP QDYQJN UKEJ FKGUGT YKGFGTJQNV KP FGWVNKEJUVGT (QTO XQP KJO FKUVCP\KGTV JCV 8IN CWEJ )WKIWG FG %JCORXCPU FG (CT¾OQPV /CTSWKU (T¾F¾TKE *KUVQKTG GV .¾IKUNCVKQP FGU 1TFTGU FG %JGXCNGTKG FW 5CKPV 5K½IG 2CTKU $CPF ++ 5 #PPWCTKQ FGINK KPUKIPKVK FK QPQTKHKEGP\G ECXCNGTGUEJG FGN 4GIPQ Fʼn+VCNKC 4QO 5 FG 8CTICU /CEJWEC # +N UCETQ OKNKVCTG QTFKP 5VÒEM FK 5 /CTKC FK $GVJNGJGOOG 0GCRGN 5CPVCTGNNK 'PTKEQ $QNNC 2QPVKHKEKC G EGPPK UVQTKEK FGNNʼnQTFKPG OKNKVCTG G QURKVCNKGTG FK 5 /CTKC FK $GVNGOOG <CJNG 2CNOKGTK 8KEGP\Q .ʼnQTFKPG OKNKVCTG GF QURKVCNKGTG FK 5 /CTKC FK $GVJNGJGOOG /CKNCPF $CUECR¾ )KCEQOQ % .ʼn1TFKPG UQXTCPQ FK /CNVC G INK QTFKPK GSWGUVTK FGNNC %JKGUC /CKNCPF 5 H 2TKXKVGTC 8KPEGP\Q 1TFKPK %CXCNNGTGUEJK 5VQTKC G &GEQTC\KQPK %CVCPKC 5 HH
172
INTERNATIONALE/GESELLSCHAFTS-ORDEN
692
691
695 694 693
51056+)' +06'40#6+10#.' 70& )'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0
1TFGP FGT -TQPG -CTNU FGU )TQGP =1TFQ %QTQPCG %CTQNK /CIPK? )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 5VÒEM ++
5QWXGT·PGT 1TFGP FGT 4KVVGT FGU JN &[QPKUKWU XQP <CPVG =1TFTG 5QWXGTCKP FGU %JGXCNKGTU FG 5V &GPKU FG <CPVG? )TQMTGW\UGV #WUHÒJTWPI OKV /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV KP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG DGUVG JGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 5VÒEM ++
<WT )GUEJKEJVG FGU 1TFGPU XGTIN 2TKXKVGTC 8KPEGP\Q 1TFKPK %CXCNNGTGUEJK 5VQTKC G &GEQTC\KQPK %CVCPKC 5 HH
0+%*6 +&'06+6+<+'46' +06'40#6+10#.' 70& )'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0 70& 14)#0+5#6+10'0
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVG &GMQTCVKQP *CNUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF
++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGT 1TFGP 2CZ KP +WUVKVKC -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF 4 ++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVG &GMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY HGKPUV ITCXKGTV GOCKNNKGTV DGUGV\V OKV )NCU UVGKPGP QJPG $CPF 4 ++
173
ITALIEN
697
698
696
699
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGT 1TFGP OKV PCRQN¾QPKUEJGO #FNGT WPF &TCEJGP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ XGTIQNFGV CO *CNUDCPF ++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVG &GMQTCVKQP #. 8GTIQNFGV XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVG &GMQTCVKQP +06'4 %.#4+55+/15 %.#415 $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQN FGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP GVYCU \GTUEJNKUUGPGP $CPF ++
1TFGP XQO *GKNKIGP .COO 5EJYGTGT $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5RGPEGT KP .QPFQP $KTOKPIJCOGT ,CJTGURWP\G F HÒT WPF 0WOOGTKGTWPI 4F CP 0CFGN 4 ++
++
700 (1:1)
+6#.+'0 -¤0+).+%*' (#/+.+' $174$10 $'+&' 5+<+.+'0 5'+6
<GKEJGP FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP 1TFGPU XQO JN ,CPWCTKWU =+PUGIPG 4GCNG 1TFKPG FK 5CP )GPPCTQ? 5GV FGT 1TFGPUTKVVGT DGUVGJGPF CWU 1TFGPUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUV- UVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM 4 ++ &GT 1TFGP DGUVGJV CWEJ PCEJ FGO 7PVGTICPI FGU -ÌPKITGKEJGU $GKFGT 5K\KNKGP DKU \WO JGWVKIGP 6CI CNU F[PCUVKUEJGT *CWUQTFGP FGT MÌPKINKEJGP (COKNKG 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI ,CJTGP FGT (KTOC )KQTIKQ )WEEKQPG KP 4QO CWU FGP GT HÒT FKG (KTOC %TCXCP\QNC 0CEJH ' )CTFKPQ KP 4QO FGO FCOCNKIGP QHHK\KGNNGP .KGHGTCPVGP FGT 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP
174
ITALIEN
ex 701
-¤0+).+%*' (#/+.+' $174$10 $'+&' 5+<+.+'0 (4#0<¤5+5%* +6#.+'0+5%*' 1$1'&+'0< 5'+6
*GKNKIGT /KNKV·TKUEJGT -QPUVCPVKPKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO JN )GQTI =5CETQ /KNKVCTG 1TFKPG %QPUVCPVKPK- CPQ FK 5CP )KQTIKQ? 5GV FGT ,WURCVTQPCVU )PCFGP -QOOCPFGWTG =%QOOGPFCVQTG FK ,WU 2CVTQPCVQ FK )TC\KC? DGUVGJGPF CWU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GT 5KN- DGTRWP\G CO *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGN- NGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ' )CTFKPQ 5WEE %TCXCP\QNC KP 4QO WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN WPF ,WU 2CVTQPCVU $TWUVMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GT 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP WPF -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK XQP )CTFKPQ KP 4QO 52$ 5 5VÒEM 4 ++
&GT .GIGPFG PCEJ IGJV FGT 1TFGP \WTÒEM CWH GKPG XQO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT -QPUVCPVKP FGP )TQGP EC IGITÒPFGVG /KNK\ \WO 5EJWV\G FGU .CDCTWOU MCKUGTNKEJG 5VCPFCTVG OKV FGO %JTKUVWU /QPQITCOO :2 FKG XQO D[\CPVKPKUEJGP -CKUGT +UCCM ++ #PIGNWU %QOPGPWU CNU OKNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP YKGFGT IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP UGKP UQNN )KCP #PFTGC #PIGNQ (NCXKQ %QOPGPQ *GT\QI XQP &TKXCUVQ FGT UGKPG *GTMWPHV CWH FKG D[\CPVKPKUEJG &[PCUVKG FGT #PIGNQU %QOPGPQU \WTÒEMHÒJTVG YCU 2CRUV 2CWN +++ DGUV·VKIVG ÒDGTICD FCU )TQOGKUVGTVWO FGU 1TFGPU CP *GT\QI (TCPEGUEQ + (CTPGUG XQP 2CTOC YCU XQP -CKUGT .GQRQNF +
WPF XQP 2CRUV +PPQ\GP\ :++ DGUV·VKIV YWTFG
-CTN 8++ -ÌPKI $GKFGT 5K\KNKGP ÒDGTPCJO FCU )TQOGKUVGTVWO FGU 1TFGPU PCEJ FGO #WUUVGTDGP FGT (CTPGUG KP 2CTOC WPF DTCEJVG KJP UQOKV KP UGKP -ÌPKITGKEJ YQ GT DKU \W FGUUGP 'PFG D\Y DKU \WT #WHNÌUWPI FGT 'ZKNTGIKGTWPI KP 4QO CNU 1TFGP FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU DGUVCPF
#WEJ FCPCEJ DGUVCPF WPF DGUVGJV FGT 1TFGP YGKVGT WPVGT FGO )TQOGKUVGTVWO FGU 1DGTJCWRVU FGT -IN (COKNKG FGT $QWTDQPGP $GKFGT 5K\KNKGP 7PVGT FGO 5EJWV\ FGT 2CRUV 2KWU : WPF UGKPGT 0CEJHQNIGT DGUVCPF FGT 1TFGP CWEJ KO -ÌPKITGKEJ +VCNKGP YGKVGT
0CEJ FGO 6QF )TQOGKUVGT 2TKP\ (GTFKPCPFQ 2KQU *GT\QIU XQP -CNCDTKGP GTMN·TVGP UKEJ UQYQJN UGKP LÒPIGTGT $TWFGT 2TKP\ 4CPKGTK *GT\QI XQP %CUVTQ CNU CWEJ UGKP 0GHHG 2TKP\ #NHQPUQ /CTKC *GT\QI XQP -CNCDTKGP LGYGKNU \WO 1DGTJCWRV FGT -IN (COKNKG $GKFGT 5K\KNKGP WPF UQOKV LGYGKNU CWEJ \WO )TQOGKUVGT FGU 1TFGPU YCU HCMVKUEJ FGUUGP 5RCNVWPI KP \YGK 1DQGFKGP\GP KP FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJ KVCNKGPKUEJG WPF KP FKG URCPKUEJG DGYKTMVG 2CRUV ,QJCPPGU ::+++ GTMN·TVG PQEJ KO INGKEJGP ,CJT FKG #PURTÒEJG FGU *GT\QIU XQP %CUVTQ CNU NGIKVKO WPF OKV &GMTGV XQO ,WNK YWTFG GT XQO KVCNKGPKUEJGP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP CNU NGIKVKOGT 1TFGP FGU -IN *CWUGU FGT $QWTDQPGP $GKFGT 5K\KNKGP WPVGT FGO )TQOGKUVGTVWO FGU *GT\QIU XQP %CUVTQ CPGTMCPPV #NNGTFKPIU DGUV·VKIVGP FCU URCPKUEJG ,WUVK\OKPKUVGTKWO CO 1MVQDGT FGT URCPKUEJG 5VCCVUTCV CO (GDTWCT WPF UEJNKGNKEJ -ÌPKI ,WCP %CTNQU + XQP 5RCPKGP CO /·T\ FKG 4GEJVO·KIMGKV FGT #PURTÒ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
175
ITALIEN
703 702
704
-¤0+)4'+%*
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP /CWTKVKWU WPF .C\CTWU =1TFKPG FGK 5CPVK /CWTK\KQ G .C\CTQ? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ =)TCP %TQEG? 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV #WHNCIG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV YGKG 'OCKNNG GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V LGFQEJ WPDGUEJ·FKIV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC & %TCXCP\QNC KP 4QO CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- + ++
#O 1MVQDGT UVKHVGV #OCFGWU 8++ CNU GTUVGT *GT\QI XQP 5CXQ[GP FGP 5V /CWTKVKWU 1TFGP FGT UKEJ LGFQEJ OKV FGUUGP 6QF YKGFGT CWHNÌ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ÌPKI -CTN #NDGTV XQP 5CTFKPKGP FGP 1TFGP KP GKPGP FTGKMNCUUKIGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP WO /KV &GMTGV XQO /·T\ YKTF FKG -NCUUG FGT 4GEJVUTKVVGT XQP -ÌPKI 8KMVQT 'OOCPWGN ++ CWHIGJQDGP WPF OKV &GMTGV XQO &G\GODGT FKG -NCUUGP )TQQHHK\KGT WPF 1HHK\KGT IGUEJCHHGP /KV FGT )TÒPFWPI FGU -ÌPKITGKEJGU +VCNKGP YWTFG FGT 1TFGP \W FGUUGP JÌEJUVGO 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YCU GT DKU \WT #WHJGDWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG DNKGD #WEJ PCEJ FGO 7PVGTICPI FGT /QPCTEJKG KP +VCNKGP DGUVCPF FGT 1TFGP YGKVGT WPVGT FGO )TQOGKUVGTVWO -ÌPKI 7ODGTVQU ++ WPF XQP FGUUGP 5QJP 2TKP\ 8KMVQT 'OOCPWGN XQP 5CXQ[GP #O ,WPK GTJKGNV FGT WO GKPG #DVGKNWPI HÒT &COGP GTYGKVGTVG PWPOGJT UGEJUMNCUUKIG 1TFGP PGWG 5VCVWVGP 8IN CWEJ 5RCFC #PVQPKQ 1TFKPK &KPCUVKEK FGNNC 4GCN %CUC FK 5CXQKC $TGUEKC $CUECR¾ )KCEQOQ % )NK 1TFKPK %CXCNNGTGUEJK KP +VCNKC 5VQTKC G &KTKVVQ /CKNCPF 5 HH (GTTK (CDTK\KQ 1TFKPK %CXCNNGTGUEJK G &GEQTC\KQPK KP +VCNKC /QFGPC 5 HH .CWTGCW )¾TCTF . 1TFTG FGU 5CKPVU /CWTKEG GV .C\CTG 7PXGTÌHHGPVNKEJVGU /CPWUMTKRV 5VTCDWTI QJPG ,CJT
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP /CWTKVKWU WPF .C\CTWU =1TFKPG FGK 5CPVK /CWTK\KQ G .C\CTQ? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT =)TCP 7HHKEKCNG? 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV #WHNCIG 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV FKGUG TÒEMUGKVKI OKV XKGT 4WPFMQRHPKGVGP DGHGUVKIV OKP *CCTTK KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC $QWNNCPIGT KP 2CTKU CP 0CFGN FKGUG YKG CWEJ FGT 0CFGNJCMGP OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT )CTCPVKG RWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++
+P FKGUGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV UKNDGTHCTDGPGP #WHNCIGP PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
176
1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP /CWTKVKWU WPF .C\CTWU =1TFKPG FGK 5CPVK /CWTK\KQ G .C\CTQ? -QOVWTMTGW\ =%QOOGPFCVQTG? /QFGNN OKV -TQPG UGKV )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I #WUDTWEJ KP FGT ITÒPGP 'OCKNNG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GKPGU -TGW\CTOU QJPG *CNUDCPF <- ++
ITALIEN
705 (1:1)
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP =1TFKPG FGNNC %QTQPC F +VCNKC? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV #WHNCIGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC &Q %TCXCP \QNC % UWEEGUUK C (TCK $QTCPK KP 4QO CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++ 3WCNKVCVKX JQEJYGTVKIG #PHGTVKIWPI XQO 'PFG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU
)GUVKHVGV XQP -ÌPKI 8KMVQT 'OCPWGN ++ CO (GDTWCT CWU #PNC FGT *QEJ\GKV FGU -TQPRTKP\GP *WODGTV OKV 2TKP\GUUKP /CTIGTKVC XQP 5CXQ[GP )GPWC CNU HÒPHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 0CEJ #DUEJCH- HWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG XQO 5VCCV PKEJV OGJT XGTNKGJGP YWTFG GT LGFQEJ GTUV OKV )GUGV\ 0T XQO /·T\ FGO 5VKHVWPIUIGUGV\ \WO 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT +VCNKGPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM GTNCUUGP XQP 2T·UKFGPV .WKIK 'KPCWFK
HQTOGNN CDIGUEJCHHV #NNGTFKPIU JCV KJP FGT GZKNKGTVG -ÌPKI *WODGTV ++ XQP +VCNKGP DKU \W UGKPGO 6QFG HÒT KJO RGTUÌPNKEJ IGNGKUVGVG &KGPUVG XGTNKGJGP
706
707
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ÌPKI 8KMVQT 'OCPWGNU +++ TGIKGTVG XQP DKU <- 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP =1TFKPG FGNNC %QTQPC F +VCNKC? 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ =7HHKEKCNG? )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO MNGKPGP QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC &EQ %TCXCP\QNC KP 4QO OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI 8KMVQT 'OCPWGNU +++ TGIKGTVG XQP DKU <- + ++
177
ITALIEN
708
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP =1TFKPG FGNNC %QTQPC F +VCNKC? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ =7HHKEKCNG? HÒT %CTNQ 8GTI¾ FCVKGTV 4QO CO &G\GODGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV )GHCNVGV <WUCOOGP OKV ªDGTUGPFWPIU %QWXGTV ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG 8GTNGKJWPI CWU FGO GTUVGP 4GIKGTWPIULCJT GT TGIKGTVG UGKV FGO ,CPWCT -ÌPKI 7ODGTVQU + %JCTNGU 8GTI¾ YCT 5VCCVUTCV #WFKVQT WPF %JGH 5GMTGV·T FGT &KTGMVKQP FGT #WUY·TVKIGP 5GMVKQPGP FGT 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI XQP 2CTKU FKG XQO /CK DKU 0QXGODGT FGU ,CJTGU CWH FGO /CTUHGNF UVCVVHCPF WPF HÒT FKG FCU #NVG 6TQECF¾TQ 2CNCKU CWH FGT IGIGPÒDGTNKGIGPFGP 5GKPG 5GKVG GTTKEJVGV YQTFGP KUV 9GKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP HÒT %JCTNGU 8GTI¾ UKGJG -CV 0T WPF
ex 709
178
710
711
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP =1TFKPG FGNNC %QTQPC F +VCNKC? 4KVVGTMTGW\ =%CXCNKGTG? )QNF GOCKNNKGTV OKV $TWUVDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP WPF -PQRHNQEJUEJNGKHG KO QTKIK- PCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI 8KMVQT 'OCPWGNU +++ TGIKGTVG XQP DKU <- 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP =1TFKPG FGNNC %QTQPC F +VCNKC? 4KVVGTMTGW\ =%CXCNKGTG? )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $TWUVDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC .WKIK .QTFUEJPGKFGT KP 6TKGUVG PCEJ OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI 8KMVQT 'OCPWGNU +++ TGIKGTVG XQP DKU <- ++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG \WO HÒPH\KIUVGP 6QFGUVCI XQP )KWUGRRG )CTKDCNFK KO ,CJTG /GFCKNNG KP $TQP\G CO $CPF ++
ITALIEN
712
-¤0+).+%*' (#/+.+' &'4 *'4<¤)' 810 5#81;'0 '*'/ -¤0+)' 810 +6#.+'0 5'+6
#NNGTJÌEJUVGT 1TFGP FGT *GKNKIUVGP 8GTMÒPFKIWPI =1TFKPG 5WRRTGOQ FGNNC 5CPVKUUKOC #PPWP \KCVC? OGKUV CNU #PPWP\KCVGP 1TFGP DG\GKEJPGV $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV FKG \CJNTGKEJGP 'KP\GNVGKNG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OKV 0KGVGP DGHGUVKIV CP 0CFGN FKGUG CO 0CFGNDQEM OKV RWP\KGTV 44 ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI PCEJ FGU $TWUVUVGTPU FGU 1TFPGU FGT CNU UCXQ[KUEJGT *CWUQTFGP CWEJ JGWVG PQEJ GZKUVKGTGPFGP )GOGKPUEJCHV
714 713
715
+6#.+'0+5%*' 4'27$.+- 5'+6
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT +VCNKGPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM =1TFKPG #N /GTKVQ FGNNC 4GRWDDNKEC +VCNKCPC? /Q- FGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ =)TCP %TQEG? 0QTOCNCWUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G <- ++
)GUVKHVGV XQO KVCNKGPKUEJGP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP .WKIK 'KPCWFK OKV )GUGV\ 0T XQO /·T\
XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT )C\GVVC 7HHKEKCNG XQO /·T\ CNU UGEJUMNCUUKIGT -QNNCPG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP /KV &GMTGV FGU 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP XQO 1MVQDGT YWTFGP FKG 5VCVWVGP FGU 1TFGPU XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV /KV &GMTGV 0T FGU 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP (TCPEGUEQ %QUUKIC
XQO /·T\ GTHWJT GT GKPG IGUVCNVGTKUEJG PWPOGJT GVYCU VTCFKVKQPGNNGTG )GUVCNVWPI KP #PNGJPWPI CP FGP DKU DGUVGJGPFGP 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP +VCNKGP
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT +VCNKGPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM =1TFKPG #N /GTKVQ FGNNC 4GRWDDNKEC +VCNKCPC? /Q- FGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT =)TCP 7HHKEKCNG? 0QTOCNCWUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FCU 5VGTPEJGP CWH FGO -TGW\ )QNF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGT DG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ' )CTFKPQ 5WEE %TCXCP\QNC KP 4QO CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G <- ++
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT +VCNKGPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM =1TFKPG #N /GTKVQ FGNNC 4GRWDDNKEC +VCNKCPC? /Q- FGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT =)TCP 7HHKEKCNG? 0QTOCNCWUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ' )CTFKPQ 5WEE %TCXCP\QNC KP 4QO CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGP RWP\G <- ++
179
ITALIEN
718
717
716
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT +VCNKGPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM =1TFKPG #N /GTKVQ FGNNC 4GRWDDNKEC +VCNKCPC? /Q- FGNN -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ =%QOOGPFCVQTG? 0QTOCNCWUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN- NKGTV GVYCU CPIGNCWHGP 5VGTPEJGP KO <GPVTWO )QNF CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJ- TQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 5 ,QJPUQP KP /CKNCPF WPF 4QO OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO 5VCCVUYCRRGP <- ++
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT +VCNKGPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM =1TFKPG #N /GTKVQ FGNNC 4GRWDDNKEC +VCNKCPC? /Q- FGNN -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ =%QOOGPFCVQTG? 0QTOCNCWUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN- NKGTV 5VGTPEJGP KO <GPVTWO )QNF CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN NKGTV QJPG $·PFEJGP <- ++
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT +VCNKGPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM =1TFKPG #N /GTKVQ FGNNC 4GRWDDNKEC +VCNKCPC? /Q- FGNN -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ =%QOOGPFCVQTG? 0QTOCNCWUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN- NKGTV 5VGTPEJGP KO <GPVTWO )QNF CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF #DUEJPKVV <- ++
720
719
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT +VCNKGPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM =1TFKPG #N /GTKVQ FGNNC 4GRWDDNKEC +VCNKCPC? /Q- FGNN 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ =7HHKEKCNG? 0QTOCNCWUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV GVYCU CPIGNCWHGP 5VGTPEJGP KO <GPVTWO )QNF CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC %TCXCP\QNC 5WEE ' )CTFKPQ KP 4QO OKV CWHIGNGIVGO IQNFHCTDGPGO OGVCNNGPGO 5VCCVUYCRRGP <- ++
+6#.+'0+5%*' +06'40#6+10#.' 70& )'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0
180
5QWXGT·PGT /KNKV·TKUEJGT *QURKVCNQTFGP XQO JN )GQTI KP -·TPVGP =5QXTCPQ /KNKVCTG 1TFKPG 1URK- FCNKGTG FK 5CP )KQTIKQ KP %CTKP\KC? /QFGNN 1TFGPUMTGW\ GKPGT )PCFGP -QOVWT &COG QJPG 6TQ- RJ·G $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP &COGPUEJNGKHG \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJNGKHEJGP ++ <WT )GUEJKEJVG FGU 1TFGPU XGTIN 2GNNKEEKQPK FK 2QNK .WEKCPQ . 1TFKPG 5QXTCPQ /KNKVCTG 1URGFCNKGTQ FK 5CP )KQTIKQ KP %CTKP\KC 4QO 2TKXKVGTC 8KPEGP\Q 1TFKPK %CXCNNGTGUEJK 5VQTKC G &GEQTC\KQPK %CVCPKC 5 HH
ITALIEN
ex 723
722
721
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO #NNGTJGKNKIUVGP 'TNÌUGT WPF FGT JGKNKIGP $TKIKVVG XQP 5EJYGFGP =1TFKPG OKNKVCTG FGN 5CPVKUUKOQ 4GFGPVQTG G FK 5CPVC $TKIKFC FK 5XG\KC? 1TFGPUMTGW\ GKPGT ,WUVK\ -QOVWT &COG OKV 6TQRJ·G $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP &COGPUEJNGKHG \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJNGKHEJGP 4 ++
51056+)' +6#.+'0+5%*' 25'7&1&;0#56+5%*' 14&'0
-QPUVCPVKPKUEJGT /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN )GQTI XQP #PVKQEJKGP =%QUVCPVKPKCPQ 1TFKPG /KNKVCTG FK 5CP )KQTIKQ F #PVKQEJKC? /QFGNN -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV \W- UCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
&KGUGT 1TFGP YKTF PGDGP YGKVGTGP 1TFGP \ $ FGO 1TFGP FGT PQTOCPPKUEJGP -TQPG XQP #NVCXKNNC XQP GKPGO KVCNKGPKUEJGP *GT\QI =&WEC? XQP #NVCXKNNC XGTNKGJGP FGT UGKPG #DMWPHV CWH FKG FGT PQTOCPPKUEJGP (COKNKG FGT *CWVGXKNNG GPVUVCOOGPFGP -ÌPKIG XQP 5K\KNKGP \WTÒEMHÒJTV FKG LGFQEJ DGTGKVU KO ,CJTJWPFGTV KO /CPPGUUVCOO CWUIGUVQTDGP KUV
1TFGP FGT PQTOCPPKUEJGP -TQPG XQP #NVCXKNNC =1TFKPG FGNNC %QTQPC 0QTOCPPC F #NVCXKNNC? /QFGNN )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGT- DCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV CO $·PFEJGP KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK 5VÒEM ++
&KGUGT 1TFGP YKTF PGDGP YGKVGTGP 1TFGP \ $ FGO -QPUVCPVKPKUEJGP /KNKV·TKUEJGP 1TFGP FGU JN )GQTI XQP #PVKQ- EJKGP XQP GKPGO KVCNKGPKUEJGP *GT\QI =&WEC? XQP #NVCXKNNC XGTNKGJGP FGT UGKPG #DMWPHV CWH FKG FGT PQTOCPPKUEJGP (COKNKG FGT *CWVGXKNNG GPVUVCOOGPFGP -ÌPKIG XQP 5K\KNKGP \WTÒEMHÒJTV FKG LGFQEJ DGTGKVU KO ,CJTJWPFGTV KO /CPPGUUVCOO CWUIGUVQTDGP KUV
181
LITAUEN
724
725
726
.+6#7'0
'456' 4'27$.+-
1TFGP FGU .KVCWKUEJGP )TQHÒTUVGP )GFKOKPCU =&KFzKQLQ .KGVWXQU -WPKICKMscKQ )GFKOKPQ QTFKPCU? /QFGNN OKV PKEJV GOCKNNKGTVGT 4GXGTU -NGKPQF FGT -NCUUG Z OO 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV ¤UG GVYCU XGTDQIGP OKV MWT\GO 5EJWNVGTDCPFCDUEJPKVV 6# 5 HH <- ++
0CEJ 8 -CXCNKCWUMCU KP -8 5 KUV FGT 1TFGP DKU 'PFG PWT OCN KP FGT -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP &GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO (GDTWCT XQP 2T·UKFGPV 5OGVQPC IGUVKHVGV /KV FGT #PPGMVKQP .KVCWGPU FWTEJ FKG 5QYLGVWPKQP JÌTVG FGT 1TFGP CWH \W DGUVGJGP /KV )GUGV\ XQO 5GRVGODGT YWTFG GT XQP FGT NKVCWKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI YKGFGT KPU .GDGP IGTWHGP
1TFGP FGU .KVCWKUEJGP )TQHÒTUVGP )GFKOKPCU =&KFzKQLQ .KGVWXQU -WPKICKMscKQ )GFKOKPQ QTFKPCU? /QFGNN OKV GOCKNNKGTVGT 4GXGTU &GMQTCVKQP FGT -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU %Q KP .G .QENG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU OKV IQNFHCTDGP IGFTWEMVGO 5VCCVUYCRRGP 6# 5 HH <- ++
0CEJ 8 -CXCNKCWUMCU KP -8 5 KUV FGT 1TFGP XQP DKU PWT OCN KP FGT -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP
)4155*'4<1)67/ .7:'/$74)
1TFGP FGT 'KEJGPMTQPG =1TFTG FG NC %QWTQPPG FG %J¿PG? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV KO /GFCKNNQP GKPIGNCUUGPGP /QPQITCOO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCO- OGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK <- ++ (TCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI OWVOCNKEJ FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU
&GT 1TFGP YWTFG OKV -ÌPKINKEJ )TQJGT\QINKEJGO $GUEJNW XQO &G\GODGT XQP 9KNJGNO ++ -ÌPKI FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG WPF )TQJGT\QI XQP .WZGODWTI CNU XKGTMNCUUKIGT )TQMTGW\ 4KVVGT XQO 5VGTP -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HÒT FCU )TQJGT\QIVWO .WZGODWTI IGUVKHVGV YWTFG HÒT FCU )TQMTGW\ GKP GKIGPGT CEJVUVTCJNKIGT $TWUVUVGTP GKPIGHÒJTV FKG -NCUUG FGT 4KVVGT OKV 5VGTP KP )TQQHHK\KGT WODGPCPPV UQYKG FKG 1HHK\KGTUMNCUUG WPF FKG FTGKUVWHKIG )QNF 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G CHHKNKKGTVG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG IGUVKHVGV <WT HTÒJGP )GUEJKEJVG FGU 1TFGPU WPF UGKPGT 6T·IGT DKU UKGJG /WNFGT % 2 WPF %JTKUVKCCPU 2 # ņ 1PFGTUEJGKFKPIGP XCP FG -QPKPI )TQQVJGTVQI ņ &G 1TFG ECP FG 'KMGPMTQQP ʼnU )TCXGPJCIG
'KPGP YGKVGTGP 1TFGP CWU .WZGODWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT .QUPWOOGT 182
MALTESER RITTERORDEN
727 (1:1)
727 (1:1) 1,5:1
5178'4 0'4 /#.6'5'4 4+66'414&'0 5178'4 0'4 4+66'4 70& *152+6#.14&'0 81/ *. ,1*#00'5 <7 ,'475#.'/ 810 4*1&15 70& 810 /#.6#
-TGW\ GKPGU -QOVWTU FGU )TQRTKQTCVGU $C[GTP FGU /CNVGUGTQTFGPU Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG KP GKPKIGP -TGW\URKV\GP XQP #XGTU WPF 4GXGTU 6TQRJ·G JQJN IGVTKGDGP WPF HGKPUV ITCXKGTV OKV $CPFTKPI QJPG $CPF #PIGDQVGP OKV GKPGO 'ZGORNCT FGU $WEJGU $C[GTP WPF /CNVC XQP /KEJCGN #WVGPITWDGT WPF -NCWU * (GFGT $TCPPGPDWTI WPF -QPUVCP\ -$ 4444 ++ #WU GKPGT DGFGWVGPFGP FGWVUEJGP 2TKXCVUCOONWPI FCXQT GZ #WMVKQP FGT (KTOC #PFTGCU 6JKGU G - CO ,WNK -CV 0T FCXQT KP GKPGT DGFGWVGPFGP COGTKMCPKUEJGP 5COONWPI FCXQT KP FGT 5COONWPI /KEJCGN #WVGPITWDGT *KUVQTKUEJ JÌEJUV DGFGWVGPFGU 'ZGORNCT CWU FGT GTUVGP #PHGTVKIWPIUUGTKG FGT +PUKIPKGP FKG #PHCPI XQO DC[GTKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP %CTN 6JGQFQT \WT 'TTKEJVWPI FGU )TQRTKQTCVGU $C[GTP WPF FGT $C[GTKUEJGP <WPIG CO #RTKN HÒT FKG #WHPCJOG PGWGT -QOVWTG KP #WHVTCI IGIGDGP YQTFGP YCT 'KP 'ZGORNCT KP PCJG\W KFGPVKUEJGT (GTVKIWPI LGFQEJ OKV GKPGT $CPFUEJNGKHG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI UVCVV GKPGT 6TQRJ·G YWTFG KP GKPGT #WMVKQP FGT (KTOC 1VVQ *GNDKPI 0CEJH KP /ÒPEJGP CO &G\GODGT WPVGT FGT -CV 0T CPIGDQVGP WPF \WIGUEJNCIGP 'KP YGKVGTGU KP FGT (GTVKIWPI UR·VGTGU 'ZGORNCT YWTFG KP FGT #WMVKQP FGT (KTOC #PFTGCU 6JKGU G - CO /CK -CV 0T CPIGDQVGP &CTÒDGT JKPCWU DGHKPFGV UKEJ KP FGT #WUUVGNNWPI FGU $C[GTKUEJGP #TOGGOWUGWOU KP +PIQNUVCFV GKP YGKVGTGU 'ZGORNCT KP GKPGT GVYCU UR·VGTGP #PHGTVKIWPI WO EC 0CEJ OÒJUCOGP 8GTJCPFNWPIGP IGNCPI GU -WTHÒTUV %CTN 6JGQFQT HÒT $C[GTP KP #DITGP\WPI \WO FGWVUEJGP )TQRTKQTCV OKV <WUVKOOWPI UQYQJN 2CRUV 2KWU 8+ FGT XQO #RTKN DKU \WO /CK KP /ÒPEJGP YGKNVG CNU CWEJ FGU (ÒTUV )TQOGKUVGTU FGU 1TFGPU (T¯ 'OOCPWGN FG 4QJCP 2QNFWE FCU )TQRTKQTCV $C[GTP WPF FKG 'PINKUEJ $C[GTKUEJG <WPIG FGU /CNVGUGTQTFGPU \W GTTKEJVGP 'U YWTFG OKV FGP GJGOCNKIGP $GUKV\WPIGP FGU XQP 2CRUV %NGOGPU :+8 CWHIGJQDGPGP ,GUWKVGPQTFGPU CWUIGUVCVVGV WPF FKGPVG HQTVCP CNU GKPG #TV MWTHÒTUVNKEJGU $GNQJPWPIKPUVKVWV HÒT FGP DC[GTKUEJGP #FGN 0CEJ FGO (CNN /CNVCU CP 0CRQN¾QP $QPCRCTVG KO ,WPK WPF FGT 'TJGDWPI FGU TWUUKUEJGP -CKUGTU 2CWN +
\WO FG HCEVQ )TQOGKUVGT KO INGKEJGP ,CJT IKPI FKGUGT WOIGJGPF FCTCP FWTEJ 'TTKEJVWPI GKPGU TWUUKUEJGP PKEJV MCVJQNKUEJGP )TQRTKQTCVGU FKG DKUJGTKIG DC[GTKUEJG KP GKPG DC[GTKUEJ TWUUKUEJG <WPIG \W GTYGKVGTP FCU UGJT TCUEJ GKPG ITQG #P\CJN CP /KVINKGFGTP CWU FGO TWUUKUEJGP *QEJCFGN CWHPCJO YQFWTEJ FCU DC[GTKUEJG )TQRTKQTCV FGWVNKEJ KPU *KPVGTVTGHHGP IGTKGV 5QOKV UKPF FKG +PUKIPKGP FGT DC[GTKUEJGP <WPIG CNUQ CWEJ FCU JKGT CPIGDQVGPG 'ZGORNCT CNU FKTGMVGT 8QTN·WHGT FGT +PUKIPKGP FGU TWUUKUEJGP )TQRTKQTCVGU CP\WUGJGP 0CEJ FGT 'TOQTFWPI <CT 2CWNU + CO /·T\ UGV\VG UGKP 5QJP WPF 0CEJHQNIGT #NGZCPFGT + FKGUG OCNVGUKUEJGP #ODKVKQPGP PKEJV YGKVGT HQTV YCU UEJNWGPFNKEJ \WT #WHJGDWPI FGU TWUUKUEJGP )TQRTKQTCVGU HÒJTVG #WEJ KP $C[GTP GTGKNVG FCU JKGT CPU·UUKIG )TQRTKQTCV UGKPGP 0KGFGTICPI DKU GU CO 5GRVGODGT FGHKPKVKX XQO DC[GTKUEJGP -ÌPKI /CZ + ,QUGRJ CWHIGJQDGP YWTFG &KG 'PVFGEMWPI FGU JKGT CPIGDQVGPGP 1TFGPUMTGW\GU XQT ,CJTGP WPF UGKPG 'THQTUEJWPI FWTEJ FGP -CVCNQICWVQT WPF -NCWU * (GFGT HÒJTVG \WT DKU FCJKP WPDGMCPPVGP 'TMGPPVPKU FC FKG DC[GTKUEJG <WPIG D\Y FCU )TQRTKQTCV $C[GTP ÒDGT GKIGPG +PUKIPKGP OKV .ÌYGP \YKUEJGP FGP -TGW\CTOGP XGTHÒIVGP FKG \W FGP UGNVGPUVGP DC[GTKUEJGP 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP ÒDGTJCWRV \·JNGP YCU CWEJ XQP FGT PGWGTGP (QTUEJWPI ITÌVGPVGKNU KOOGT PQEJ PKEJV DGTÒEMUKEJVKIV YQTFGP KUV #WVGPITWDGT WPF (GFGT JCDGP KP KJTGO JKGT DGKIGHÒIVGP 9GTM FKG )GUEJKEJVG FGU DC[GTKUEJGP )TQRTKQTCVGU WPF UGKPGT +PUKIPKGP PCEJIG\GKEJPGV WPF FWTEJ \CJNTGKEJGU $KNFGTOCVGTKCN FGUUGP #WVJGPVK\KV·V CWHU FGWVNKEJUVG DGNGIV 9GKVGTG +PUKIPKGP FGU 5QWXGT·PGP /CNVGUGT 4KVVGTQTFGPU HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT ¤UVGTTGKEJ -CV 0T WPF
183
MONACO
728
(ª456'067/ /10#%1
1TFGP FGU JN -CTN =1TFTG FG 5V %JCTNGU? #WUHÒJTWPI OKV FTGK 5VGTPGP KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI UGKV )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF )QNF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 8GTH·TDWPI FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FGU NKPMGP -TGW\CTOU OKP QDGTHN·EJNKEJG %JKRU KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU WPF FGU TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPIU CO QTKIKPCNGP IGVTCIGPGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV )QNF GOCKNNKGTV /QPQITCOO KO /GFCKNNQP PKEJV ICP\ XQNNUV·PFKI CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC *CNNG[ # $CESWGXKNNG 5WEE KP 2CTKU KO QTKIKPCNGP UVCTM DGUEJ·FKIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK W C &GEMGN UGRCTCV OKV /QPQITCOO FGU (ÒTUVGP #NDGTV + <- 5VÒEM ++ #WHITWPF FGU 'VWKOQPQITCOOU FGU (ÒTUVGP #NDGTV + MCPP FGT *GTUVGNNWPIU\GKVTCWO FGU 5GVU CWH FGUUGP 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV \YKUEJGP WPF DGITGP\V YGTFGP +P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIRQUKVKQP YKTF FKG FC\WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
&GT 1TFGP YWTFG XQP (ÒTUV %JCTNGU +++ FWTEJ 1TFQPPCP\ 0T XQO /·T\ CNU \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGUVKHVGV &WTEJ 1TFQPPCP\ XQO ,CPWCT YWTFG GT CWH HÒPH -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV +P FKGUGT (QTO YKTF GT CWEJ JGWVG PQEJ XGTNKGJGP
184
MONACO
729
1TFGP FGU JN -CTN =1TFTG FG 5V %JCTNGU? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQMTGW\ HÒT ,WNGU 'OKNG (T¾F¾TKE /CUUGPGV FCVKGTV /QPCEQ CO (GDTWCT OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV ++ &KG FC\WIGJÌTKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP
,WNGU 'OKNG (T¾F¾TKE /CUUGPGV YCT GKP DGFGWVGPFGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT -QORQPKUV W C \CJNTGKEJGT 1RGTP /KVINKGF KO +PUVKVWV FG (TCPEG WPF 2TQHGUUQT CO -QPUGTXCVQTKWO XQP 2CTKU YKMKRGFKC HT
731
730
1TFGP FGU JN -CTN =1TFTG FG 5V %JCTNGU? #WUHÒJTWPI OKV FTGK 5VGTPGP KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI UGKV -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV GKPG -TGW\CTOURKV\G XGTDQIGP WPF OKV DGKF- UGKVKIGP OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJGP CO *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGK- JWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO XQP (ÒTUV 4CKPKGT +++ TGI XQP DKU <- ++
5GJT UR·VG #PHGTVKIWPI OWVOCNKEJ XQP FGT (KTOC $CESWGXKNNG KP 2CTKU
#TDGKVUOGFCKNNG =/¾FCKNNG FW 6TCXCKN? $TQP\GOGFCKNNG $TQP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGU *QHLWYGNKGTU $TQPHQTV KP /QPCEQ OKV /QPQITCOO XQP (ÒTUV .QWKU ++ TGI XQP DKU ++
&KG \YGKUVWHKIG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G YWTFG XQP (ÒTUV .QWKU ++ OKV 1TFQPPCP\ 0T XQO &G\GODGT IGUVKHVGV +P FKGUGT (QTO YKTF UKG DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV XGTNKGJGP
185
NIEDERLANDE
732 (1:1) ex 733
-¤0+)4'+%* &'4 0+'&'4.#0&'
1TCPKGP 0CUUCW 1TFGP =1TFG XCP 1TCPKG 0CUUCW? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN NKGTV KO $CPFTKPI PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCT RWP\KGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJ UEJNGKHEJGP KO IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK <- ++ +P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIRQUKVKQP YKTF FKG FC\WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
)GUVKHVGV CO #RTKN XQP FGT 4GIGPVKP WPF -ÌPKIKPYKVYG 'OOC KO 0COGP KJTGT 6QEJVGT -ÌPKIKP 9KNJGN OKPC CNU HÒPHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGO GKPG FTGKUVWHKIG /GFCKNNG CHHKNKKGTV KUV (ÒT OKNKV·TKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG YKTF FGT 1TFGP OKV IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP
1TCPKGP 0CUUCW 1TFGP =1TFG XCP 1TCPKG 0CUUCW? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT / * $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF FCVKGTV U )CXGPJCCIG CO /·T\ OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV WPF 2T·IGUKGIGN GKPOCN IGHCNVGV <WUCOOGP OKV 1TFGPUUVCVWVGP WPF FGO QHHK\KGNNGP 8GTUCPFWOUEJNCI 5VÒEM ++ &KG FC\WIGJÌTKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP
*GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF YCT W C 2TQVQMQNN &KTGMVQT FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #WGPOKPKUVGTKWOU WPF UR·VGT &KTGMVQT FGU $WTGCW F #FOKPKUVTCVKQP FGU 0¾GTNCPFCKU KP 6QWNQWUG 9GKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP HÒT *GPT[ $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF UKGJG -CV 0T WPF
186
NORWEGEN
734 (1:1)
0149')'0 -¤0+)4'+%* 2'4510#.70+10 /+6 5%*9'&'0 $+5
-ÌPKINKEJ 0QTYGIKUEJGT 5CPMV 1NCXU 1TFGP =-QPIGNKIG 0QTUM 5V 1NCXUQTFGP? /QFGNN /KPKCVWT 1TFGPUMTGW\ Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I 'OCKNNGEJKR KP GKPGO TÒEMUGKVKIGP -TGW\CTO QJPG $·PFEJGP ++ +++
&GT \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIG 1TFGP YWTFG CO #WIWUV XQP -ÌPKI 1UECT + HÒT FCU OKV 5EJYGFGP KP 2GTUQPCN- WPKQP XGTDWPFGPG -ÌPKITGKEJ 0QTYGIGP IGUVKHVGV $KU EC YCTGP FKG XGTNKGJGPGP $TWUVUVGTPG YKG KP 5EJYGFGP IGUVKEMV YWTFG GT CWH XKGT -QOOCPFGWT WPF -NCUUG UR·VGT -QOOCPFGWT OKV 5VGTP WPF -QOOCPFGWT CWH HÒPH -NCUUGP 4KVVGT -NCUUG WPF 4KVVGT GTYGKVGTV PCEJFGO DGTGKVU FKG -QNNCPG GKPIGHÒJTV YQTFGP YCT
735 (1:1) 736 (1:1)
/GFCKNNG (ÒT FKG GFNG 6CV =/GFCNLG (QT FGN &CCF ? /QFGNN OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV -ÌPKI 1UECTU ++ 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG OKV -TQPG 5KNDGT OKP 4CPFMGTDGP CP $CPFTCJG OKV $CPF #4 44 ++
5'.$5656 0&+)'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 5'+6
-ÌPKINKEJ 0QTYGIKUEJGT 5CPMV 1NCXU 1TFGP =-QPIGNKIG 0QTUM 5V 1NCXUQTFGP? /QFGNN OKV GKPGO .ÌYGP ÒDGT FGT -TQPG 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT -TQPG FKG 'OCKNNG XQP \YGK 5VGKPGP CDIGRNCV\V CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV \YGK YGKVGTGP $CPFCDUEJPKVVGP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 6QUVTWR KP 1UNQ <- ++
&KG #PHGTVKIWPIU\GKV FGU -TGW\GU N·V UKEJ CWHITWPF FGT #PICDG 1UNQ UVCVV -TKUVKCPKC KO 'VWKFGEMGN CWH FGP <GKVTCWO \YKUEJGP WPF GKPITGP\GP
0CEJ FGT #WHNÌUWPI FGT 2GTUQPCNWPKQP OKV 5EJYGFGP DGUV·VKIG FGT PGW IGY·JNVG -ÌPKI *CCMQP 8++ CO ,WPK FGP 1TFGP KP GVYCU XGT·PFGTVGT )GUVCNVWPI YQDGK FCU DKUJGTKIG -NCUUGPU[UVGO GTJCNVGP DNKGD 0CEJ FGT #WHNÌUWPI FGT 2GTUQPCNWPKQP OKV 5EJYGFGP DGUV·VKIG FGT PGW IGY·JNVG -ÌPKI *CCMQP 8++ CO ,WPK FGP 1TFGP KP GVYCU XGT·PFGTVGT )GUVCNVWPI YQDGK FCU DKUJGTKIG -NCUUGPU[UVGO GTJCNVGP DNKGD XGTUEJYCPF UEJNKGNKEJ FGT MNGKPG .ÌYG ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ FGT -TQPG YQOKV FGT 1TFGP UGKPG JGWVKIG )GUVCNV GTJKGNV #NNG -NCUUGP FGU 1TFGPU MÌPPGP CWEJ OKV 5EJYGTVGTP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP FKG LGFQEJ PWT CWH FGP 1TFGPUMTGW\GP PKEJV CWH FGP $TWUVUVGTPGP CPIGDTCEJV YGTFGP #NU DGUQPFGTU JQJG #WU\GKEJPWPI MCPP FGT 1TFGP KP $TKNNCPVGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP #NNG +PUKIPKGP FGU 1TFGPU CWGT FGPLGPKIGP OKV $TKNNCPVGP UKPF UVTGPI TÒEMICDGRHNKEJVKI
187
ÖSTERREICH
737
-#+5'44'+%*
738
739
¤56'44'+%*
740
'JTGP\GKEJGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG QJPG -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG WPF KO $CPFTKPI 2WP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT XQP DKU WPF 2WP\G # CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- <- ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG QJPG -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 2WP- \KGTWPI CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- <- ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG WPF KO $CPFTKPI 2WP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT XQP DKU WPF 2WP\G # CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO UKNDGTHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC ) # 5EJGKF KP 9KGP $9- <- ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV -TKGIUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG WPF KO $CPFTKPI 2WP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT XQP DKU WPF 2WP\G # CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMUDCPF KO UKNDGTHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC ) # 5EJGKF KP 9KGP $9- <- ++
743 741
ex 744
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT FGP 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKP (GNF\WI ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJG #WUICDG $TQP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI #75 '41$'46'/ )'5%*7'6< CO CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- ++ +++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG HÒT FGP 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKP (GNF\WI ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJG #WUICDG $TQP\G OKV 4CPFRT·IWPI #75 '41$'46'/ )'5%*7'6< CO UR·VGTGP &TGKGEMUDCPF $9- ++ +++
/GKUVGTUEJCHVU /GFCKNNG FGU /GKUVGTUEJCHVU 5EJKGGP \W $GTI +UGN KP 6KTQN Z OO )QNF I KO 4CPF *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G , % WPF 2WP\G HÒT GT )QNF XQP DKU # 9KPF- JWPFMQRH QJPG $CPFTKPI WPF QJPG $CPF 4 ++
&KG 8QTFGTUGKVG FKGUGT /GFCKNNG UVCOOV XQO INGKEJGP 5VGORGN FGT CWEJ HÒT FKG - W - 4GIKOGPVUOGFCKNNGP XGTYGPFGV YWTFG FKG CWU #PNC FGU L·JTKIGP 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WOU -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJU KO ,CJTG IGUVKHVGV YWTFGP WPF OKV XGTUEJKGFGPGP 4ÒEMUGKVGP CWUIGIGDGP YWTFGP
$GTI +UGN DGK +PPUDTWEM KP 6KTQN IGNGIGP YCT 5EJCWRNCV\ FGT INGKEJPCOKIGP XKGT 5EJNCEJVGP KO ,CJTG \YKUEJGP FGP 6KTQNGTP WPVGT FGO $GHGJN XQP #PFTGCU *QHGT IGIGP FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJ DC[GTKUEJGP $GUCV\GT FGU .CPFGU 5GKV XQP FGP -CKUGTL·IGTP 6KTQNGT ,·IGT 4GIKOGPVGT \WT #WUDKNFWPI IGPWV\V YWTFG FCU CNNO·JNKEJ *QEJRNCVGCW CNU *GNFGPDGTI \W GKPGT VKTQNKUEJ PCVKQPCNGP 9CNNHCJTVUUV·VVG OKV &GPMOCN /WUGWO WPF 5EJKGRNCV\ YQ KOOGT YKGFGT 5EJÒV\GP /GKUVGTUEJCHVGP KP 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG ITQG $GFGWVWPI FGU 1TVGU UVCVVHCPFGP YKMKRGFKC FG
188
-QPXQNWV XQP OKNKV·TKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV CP &TGKGEM U QFGT $QIGPD·PFGTP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP &C\W 7PICTKUEJGU 5KNDGTPGU 5KIPWO .CWFKU WPF 7PICTKUEJG -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG QJPG 5EJYGTVGT LGYGKNU CO &TGKGEMUDCPF UQYKG \YGK /KPKCVWTGP CO $·PFEJGP 5VÒEM ++
ÖSTERREICH
745
747 746 748 (1:1)
#WU\GKEJPWPIUPCEJNC GKPGU ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 8GVGTCPGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV UGEJU #WU\GKEJ- PWPIGP WPF FGWVUEJG (GNFUEJPCNNG 5KNDGTPG 6CRHGTMGKVUOGFCKNNG -CTN -NCUUG 5KNDGT OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT -#765%* $TQP\GPG 6CRHGTMGKVUOGFCKNNG -CTN OKV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 5KIPCVWT -#765%* -CTNU 6TWRRGPMTGW\ <KPM ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJG -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 6KTQNGT -TKGIUFGPMOÒP\G 7PICTKUEJG -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP \WUCOOGPIGUVGEMV <WUCOOGP OKV \WIGJÌTKIGT FGWVUEJGT (GNFUEJPCNNG CP FGT LGFQEJ CP FTKVVGT 2QUKVKQP FCU $CPF FGU 'JTGPMTGW\GU HÒT (TQPVM·ORHGT UVCVV FGT ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -TKGIUGTKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CPIGDTCEJV KUV CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
/KNKV·TFKGPUV\GKEJGP HÒT 1HHK\KGTG 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPPUEJCHVGP /QFGNN -TGW\ ++ -NCUUG HÒT 1HHK\KGTG HÒT &KGPUVLCJTG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP &TGKGEMU DCPF $9- ++
14&'0 &'4 &'765%*'0 $4ª&'4 &'5 *152+6#.5 705'4'4 .+'$'0 (4#7 <7 ,'475#.'/ $<9 *1*'4 &'765%*'4 4+66'414&'0 2TKGUVGTMTGW\ FGU &GWVUEJGP 1TFGPU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FKG 6TCIGÌUG OKV FGO $CPFTKPI CDIGDTQEJGP WPF HGJNGPF <- ++
)415524+14#6 $¤*/'0 70& ¤56'44'+%* $<9 ¤56'44'+%* &'5 5178'4 0'0 /#.6'5'4 4+66'414&'05
*CNUMTGW\ FGT ,WUVK\ 1DQGFKGP\ DKU WPF 'JTGP WPF &GXQVKQPU $CKNNKU )TQMTGW\G -QO- VWTG WPF 4KVVGT #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP )QNF IGRTÒHV VNY ITCXKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV VNY OKV )QNFRCVKPC FKG TÒEMUGKVKIGP -TGW\CTOG UGRCTCV CWUIGHÒJTV WPF CWHIGUGV\V QJPG *CNUDCPF $9- FQTV HCNUEJ DG\GKEJPGV <- QFGT 4 ++
&CU 'ZGORNCT UVCOOV PCEJ #PICDGP FGU 'KPNKGHGTGTU CWU GKPGT DGFGWVGPFGP (COKNKG FGU VKTQNKUEJGP #FGNU &KG #WUHÒJTWPI FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU KUV XQP JÌEJUVGT 3WCNKV·V FKGU TÒEMUGKVKIGP -TGW\CTOG UKPF UGRCTCV CWUIGHÒJTV WPF CWHIGUGV\V 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ DGK -TGW\ WPF -TQPG WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO FTKVVGP 8KGTVGN FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU OKV UVCTT CPIGDTCEJVGT -TQPG DGK UR·VGTGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP YCT FKG OKVVGNU <KGTÌUG CPIGDTCEJVG -TQPG DGYGINKEJ CWHITWPF FGT HGJNGPFGP 2WP\KGTWPI XQP XQT CNUQ XQT 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT 2WP\KGTWPIURHNKEJV YWTFG KO )TQRTKQTCV $ÌJOGP WPF ¤UVGTTGKEJ FKG UQIGP &KUVKPEVKQP XQP ,GTWUCNGO GKPIGHÒJTV GKP TQV WPF YGK GOCKNNKGTVGU 1TFGPUYCRRGP FCU CWH FGT 6TQRJ·G DGHGUVKIV YWTFG /KV FGT 8GTCDUEJKGFWPI FGT PGWGP )GUVCNVWPIU XQTUEJTKHVGP HÒT FKG +PUKIPKGP )GUCOVQTFGP KO ,CJTG YWTFG FKGUGU 9CRRGP PWPOGJT \WO HGUVGP $GUVCPFVGKN FGT 6TQRJ·G FGT +PUKIPKGP FGT ,WUVK\ WPF 'JTGP WPF &GXQVKQPUMNCUUG 5QOKV KUV FKG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT 6TQRJ·G KP FKG <GKV WPOKVVGNDCT PCEJ GKP\WQTFPGP CNU YQJN FKG CNVG 6TQRJ·G FWTEJ FGP 6T·IGT GTUGV\V YQTFGP KUV &KG *CNUMTGW\G UQYQJN FGT $CKNNKU FGT )TQMTGW\G FGT -QOVWTG YKG CWEJ FGT 4KVVGT FGT ,WUVK\ 1DQGFKGP\ DKU WPF 'JTGP WPF &GXQVKQPUMNCUUG UKPF KP )TÌG )GUVCNVWPI WPF #WUHÒJTWPI RTKP\KRKGNN KFGPVKUEJ 0WT FKG $CKNNKU WPF FKG )TQMTGW\G XGTHÒIGP ÒDGT GKP OKV &QTPGPTCPMGP DGUVKEMVGU *CNUDCPF FKG -QOVWTG WPF 4KVVGT ÒDGT GKP GKPHCEJGU UEJYCT\GU *CNUDCPF
189
ÖSTERREICH
749
)TQMTGW\ FGT 1DQGFKGP\ WPF 'JTGP WPF &GXQVKQPU $CKNNKU #WUHÒJTWPI OKV 6TQRJ·G #PHGTVK- IWPI FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF $9-
FQTV HCNUEJ DG\GKEJPGV <- 44 ++
*GTXQTTCIGPFG #PHGTVKIWPI KP JQJGT 3WCNKV·V CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP FKGUGT PWT UGNVGP \W HKPFGPFGP 1TFGPKPUKIPKG <W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV OÌINKEJGTYGKUG MCO FKG 6TQRJ·G DGK FGT 5EJ·TRGPFGMQTCVKQP KP 9GIHCNN
750
751
<9'+6' 4'27$.+- 5'+6
190
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 4GRWDNKM ¤UVGTTGKEJ /QFGNN UGKV )TQGU 5KNDGTPGU 'JTGP\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DG- FTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 9QNHICPI 4GKVVGTGT KP 9KGP <- ++
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 4GRWDNKM ¤UVGTTGKEJ /QFGNN UGKV )QNFGPGU 'JTGP\GK- EJGP HÒT &COGP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP &COGPUEJNGKHG <- ++
POLEN
21.'0
753
752
752
'456' 4'27$.+-
1TFGP 2QNQPKC 4GUVKVWVC =1TFGT 1FTQF\GPKC 2QNUMK? /QFGNN OKV ,CJTGU\CJN -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU XGTHNGEMVGP IQNFGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK <- 4 ++
+P GEJV 5KNDGT PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP &GT HÃ&#x2019;PHMNCUUKIG 1TFGP KUV CO (GDTWCT FWTEJ FGP 5GLO FCU RQNPKUEJG 2CTNCOGPV CNU \WP·EJUV XKGTMNCUUKIGT CD HÃ&#x2019;PHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP 9·JTGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU WPF FCTÃ&#x2019;DGT JKPCWU DKU \WO &G\GODGT YWTFG GT XQP FGT RQNPKUEJGP 'ZKNTGIKGTWPI KP .QPFQP YGKVGTXGTNKGJGP 5EJQP CO &G\GODGT KUV GT CWEJ XQO 0CVKQPCNGP RQNPKUEJGP $GHTGKWPIUMQOKVGG GTPGWGTV WPF UQ CWEJ KP FGT 8QNMUTGRWDNKM 2QNGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP /KV &GMTGV XQO #RTKN UVGNNVG 2T·UKFGPV .GEJ 8CNGUC FKG WTURTÃ&#x2019;PINKEJG (QTO YKGFGT JGT
6CRHGTMGKVU -TGW\ $TQP\G OKV 6T·IGTPWOOGT CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG CO $CPF \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT CP GOCKNNKGTVGT 6TCIGURCPIG ++
ex 757 755 754
756
-QPXQNWV XQP EC XKGT 4GIKOGPVUCD\GKEJGP 8GTUEJKGFGPG /GVCNNG CWEJ 5KNDGT GKPGU OGJTHCEJ IGRWP\V \YGK GOCKNNKGTV LGYGKNU CP 5EJTCWDGP OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDGP KP IWVGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
1TFGP FGT 'TDCWGT FGU 2QNGPU FGU 8QNMGU =1TFGT $WFQYPKE\[EJ 2QNUMK .WFQYGL? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV \YGK #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG <- ++
1TFGP 2QNQPKC 4GUVKVWVC =1TFGT 1FTQF\GPKC 2QNUMK? /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN -NGKPQF \WO )TQÂMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF QJPG $TWUVUVGTP <- ++
-QPXQNWV XQP EC \YGK 'JTGP\GKEJGP EC #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP WPF XKGT #PUVGEMGTP +P XGT- UEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP $·PFEJGP QFGT CP 0CFGNP KP QTFGPVNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP &C\W WPICTKUEJGU /KNKV·TCMCFGOKG #D\GKEJGP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
81.-54'27$.+-
191
PORTUGAL
758 759
-¤0+)4'+%* $+5
760
21467)#.
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP 7PUGTGU *GTTP ,GUWU %JTKUVWU =/KNKVCT 1TFGO FG 0QUUQ 5GPJQT ,GUWU %JTKUVQ?
DKU /QFGNN +PUKIPKGP FGT JÌJGTGP -NCUUGP OKV UQIGP *GT\ ,GUW &GMQTCVKQP 4KVVGTMTGW\ =%CXCNGKTQ? 0QTOCNCWUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF DGKFUGKVKI GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNG EJKRU CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ KP GKPGT -TGW\URKV\G CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT )QNF DGKFUGKVKI GOCKNNKGTV DGKFGTUGKVU 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG CO $·PFEJGP KO CNVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC *CNNG[ KP 2CTKU <- ++
#NVGT 8QTPGJOUVGT WPF #WUIG\GKEJPGVGT 1TFGP FGU JN ,CMQDWU HÒT 8GTFKGPUV KP 9KUUGPUEJCHV .KVGTCVWT WPF -WPUV =#PVKIC PQDKNÃUUKOC G GUENCTGEKFC 1TFGO FG 5 6KCIQ FQ O¾TKVQ EKGPVKHKEQ NKVGT±TKQ G CTVÃUVKEQ? /QFGNN 1TFGPUMTGW\ OKV 5EJTKHVDCPF $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ =)Tµ %TW\? #WUHÒJTWPI OKV DTKNNCPVKGTVGP 5VTCJNGP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV 4ÒEMUGKVG XGTIQNFGV #WHNCIGP VNY )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5QW\C KP .KUUCDQP CP &QRRGNPCFGN KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK <- 4 + ++
'ZGORNCT XQP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV·V CWU FGP GT GT ,CJTGP
-ÌPKINKEJGT /KNKV·TKUEJGT 2QTVWIKGUKUEJGT 1TFGP 7PUGTGT .KGDGP (TCW \WT 'ORH·PIPKU XQP 8KNC 8K¼QUC =4GCN 1TFGO /KNKVCT 2QTVWIWG\C FG 0QUUC 5GPJQTC FG %QPEGK¼µQ FG 8KNC 8K¼QUC? $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQPCWHNCIGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC *CNNG[ KP 2CTKU CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG PGWP ITQG 4WPFMQRHPKGVGP CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC *CNNG[ WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK <- ++
761
-ÌPKINKEJGT /KNKV·TKUEJGT 2QTVWIKGUKUEJGT 1TFGP 7PUGTGT .KGDGP (TCW \WT 'ORH·PIPKU XQP 8KNC 8K¼QUC =4GCN 1TFGO /KNKVCT 2QTVWIWG\C FG 0QUUC 5GPJQTC FG %QPEGK¼µQ FG 8KNC 8K¼QUC? 1TKIKPCNGU 8GTNGKJWPIUUEJTGKDGP CNU 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP =%CXCNGKTQ? HÒT %CTNQU 8GTI¾ FCVKGTV .KUUCDQP CO 5GRVGODGT OKV 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP -ÌPKI .QWKU + OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN ++ %JCTNGU 8GTI¾ YCT 5VCCVUTCV #WFKVQT WPF %JGH 5GMTGV·T FGT &KTGMVKQP FGT #WUY·TVKIGP 5GMVKQPGP FGT 9GNVCWUUVGN NWPI XQP 2CTKU 9GKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP HÒT %JCTNGU 8GTI¾ UKGJG -CV 0T WPF
192
PORTUGAL
762
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 8GTGKPKIWPI FGT 4GEJVUCPY·NVG XQP .KUUCDQP 5KNDGT CO MWT\GP $CPFCDUEJPKVV ++
763 (1:1)
4'27$.+- 5'+6
$CPF FGT &TGK 1TFGP =$CPFC FCU 6T¿U 1TFGPU? /QFGNN -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP KO .QTDGGTMTCP\ QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF <- 444 ++ <YGKHGNUHTGKGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT CWU FGT 8GTNGKJWPIU\GKV XQP DKU
&CU $CPF FGT &TGK 1TFGP YWTFG \WUCOOGP OKV FGT 7OYCPFNWPI FGT FTGK CNVGP 4KVVGTQTFGP %JTKUVWU #XK\ WPF ,CMQDWU 1TFGP KP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQP -ÌPKIKP /CTKC + IGUEJCHHGP WPF UGKVJGT XQO LGYGKNKIGP 5QW XGT·P CNU JÌEJUVGT RQTVWIKGUKUEJGT 1TFGP IGVTCIGP #D EC KUV FKGUG &GMQTCVKQP CWEJ CWUN·PFKUEJGP 5QWXGT·PGP WPF 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGTP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP /KV #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM YWTFG CWEJ UKG CDIGUEJCHHV 'TUV OKV FGT WOHCPITGKEJGP 4GXKUKQP FGU RQTVWIKGUKUEJGP 1TFGPUYGUGPU FWTEJ FGP 'TNC PGWGT 5VCVWVGP OKV &CVWO XQO ,CPWCT KUV FKG &GMQTCVKQP HÒT FGP RQTVWIKGUKUEJGP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP CNU &GMQTCVKQP UGKPGT 'KIGPUEJCHV CNU )TQOGKUVGT FGT RQTVWIKGUKUEJGP 1TFGP YKGFGT GKPIGHÒJTV YQTFGP FCU GT CWEJ CP CWUN·PFKUEJG 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGT XGTNGKJGP MQPPVG /KV )GUGV\FGMTGV 0T XQO 0QXGODGT YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUOÌINKEJMGKV FGT &GMQTCVKQP CP CWUN·PFKUEJG 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGT CWHIGJQDGP FKG &GMQTCVKQP DNKGD XQP PWP CP GKP FGO RQTVWIKGUKUEJGP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV CNNGKPG XQTDGJCNVGPGU +PUKIPKWO UGKPGT )TQOGKUVGTYÒTFG 5QNEJG FKG FCU $CPF FGT &TGK 1TFGP DGTGKVU GTJCNVGP JCVVGP WPF PQEJ KO #OV YCTGP \ $ -ÌPKIKP 'NKUCDGVJ ++ XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP YWTFGP CWH FKRNQOCVKUEJGO 9GIG IGDGVGP FCU $CPF FGT &TGK 1TFGP PKEJV OGJT CP\WNGIGP
193
PORTUGAL
ex 764 765
/KNKV·TKUEJGT %JTKUVWU 1TFGP =1TFGO /KNKVCT FG %TKUVQ? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV )TQÂMTGW\ 5GV =)Tµ %TW\? DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF \WO )TQÂMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF DGKFUGKVKI GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGU OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN NKGTV CO $·PFEJGP WPF -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIU GVWK FGT (KTOC (TGFGTKEQ %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP <- 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
/KNKV·TKUEJGT %JTKUVWU 1TFGP =1TFGO /KNKVCT FG %TKUVQ? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV -NGKPQF \WO )TQÂMTGW\ =)Tµ %TW\? QFGT *CNUMTGW\ \WO )TQÂQHHK\KGT =)Tµ 1HKEKCN? QFGT -QOOCPFGWT =%QOGP FCFQT? ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV DGKFUGKVKI GOCKNNKGTV 8GTIQNFWPI PCJG\W XQNNUV·PFKI XGTICPIGP QJPG 5EJWNVGT QFGT *CNUDCPF <- QFGT ++
767 766
194
/KNKV·TKUEJGT %JTKUVWU 1TFGP =1TFGO /KNKVCT FG %TKUVQ? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQÂMTGW\ 5GV =)Tµ %TW\? QFGT )TQÂQHHK\KGT =)Tµ 1HKEKCN? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV 8GTIQNFWPI GVYCU XGTDNCÂV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP CP 0CFGN <- QFGT ++
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN ,CMQDWU =1TFGO /KNKVCT FG 5 6KCIQ? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV )TQÂMTGW\UGV =)Tµ %TW\? DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQÂMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF DGKFUGKVKI GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIK- PCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VGKNYGKUG GOCKNNKGTV OKV 0CFGN FKGUG CDIGDTQ- EJGP =RKP DTQMGP CYC[? \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP WPF -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG CP 0CFGN KO IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 1TKIKPCNGVWK <- ++ +++
PORTUGAL
768
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN ,CMQDWU =1TFGO /KNKVCT FG 5 6KCIQ? UGKV /QFGNN -QNNCPG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ =%QOGPFCFQT? DGUVGJGPF CWU -TGW\ WPF .QTDGGTMTCP\INKGFGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNG #DRNCV\WPIGP OKV -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GKPUGKVKI GOCKNNKGTV WPF $TWUVUVGTP HÒT -QOOCPFGWTG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC (GFGTKEQ ) FC %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP KO IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 1TKIKPCN GVWK FGT (KTOC FC %QUVC <- 5VÒEM ++
769 770
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN ,CMQDWU =1TFGO /KNKVCT FG 5 6KCIQ? UGKV /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ =%CXCNGKTQ? ·NVGTG ITÌGTG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF DGKFUGKVKI GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUV- DCPF <- ++
1TFGP FGU -QNQPKCN +ORGTKWOU =1TFGP FQ +OR¾TKQ %QNQPKCN? $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT =%QOGP FCFQT? 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G XQP FC %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G <- 4 ++
195
PORTUGAL
ex 771
ex 772 773
774
1TFGP FGU +PHCPVGP &QO *GPTKSWG =1TFGO FQ +PHCPVG &QO *GPTKSWG? )TQMTGW\ 5GV =)Tµ %TW\? DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI 5VTCJNGP PKEJV GOCKNNKGTV 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGU OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP WPF \YGK -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVGP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC (TGFGTKEQ %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP <- 5VÒEM ++
#WU #PNC FGU HÒPHJWPFGTVUVGP 6QFGUVCIGU XQP 2TKP\ *GKPTKEJ IGPCPPV FGT 5GGHCJTGT UVKHVGVG 2T·UKFGPV #O¾TKEQ 6QO±U CO ,WPK FGP UGEJUMNCUUKIGP )TQMQNNCPG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT D\Y &COG PCVKQPCN MCVGIQTKUKGTVGP 1TFGP OKV CHHKNKKGTVGT \YGKUVWHKIGT /GFCKNNG 'T YKTF HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO 2QTVWICN WPF KP FGT 8GTDTGKVWPI FGT RQTVWIKGUKUEJGP -WNVWT )GUEJKEJVG WPF 9GTVG XGTNKGJGP 0KEJV MQOOGT\KGNNG +PUVKVWVKQPGP MÌPPGP 'JTGPOKVINKGFGT FGU 1TFGPU YGTFGP &KG 1TFGPUUVCVWVGP GTHWJTGP WPF PFGTWPIGP
196
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGO FC $GPGOGT¿PEKC? /QFGNN OKV $'0'/'4'0%+# KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI ! )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV =)Tµ 1HKEKCN? DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN KO 0CFGNDQEM *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC (TGFGTKEQ %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP WPF <'+ ITQGT -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG OKV #WHNCIG KO IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC FC %QUVC <- 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 8QNMUDKNFWPI =1TFGP FG +PUVTW¼µQ 2WDNKEC? $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCP- FGWT =%QOGPFCFQT? /QFGN OKV GOCKNNKGTVGO /GFCKNNQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC (TGFGTKEQ FC %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP CP 0CFGN ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 8QNMUDKNFWPI =1TFGP FG +PUVTW¼µQ 2WDNKEC? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP =1HK- EKCN? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO $CPF QJPG 4QUGVVG WPF 6TCIGURCPIG <- ++
RUMÄNIEN
775
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG .CPFYKTVUEJCHV WPF FKG +PFWUVTKG =1TFGO FG /¾TKVQ #ITKEQNC G +PFWUVTKCN? /QFGNN TGRWDNKMCPKUEJ KP \YGK #DVGKNWPIGP UGKV #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG +PFWUVTKG TQV GOCKNNKGTV -QOOCPFGWTUGV =%QOGPFCFQT? DGUVGJGPF CWU -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU $CPFTKPIU *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC FC %QUVC KP .KUUCDQP CO *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC FC %QUVC <- 5VÒEM ++
776
-¤0+)4'+%*
47/ 0+'0
1TFGP %CTQN + =1TFKPWN %CTQN + ? -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ =/CTG %TWEG? OWVOCNKEJG #PHGTVK- IWPI FGT (KTOC 2CWN 6GNIG KP $GTNKP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV XQTFGTUGKVKIGT /GFCKNNQPTKPI )QNF 8QTFGTUGKVGP /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV YQJN IGIQUUGP OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG KP GKPGO -TGW\ CTO KP FGT 5EJTKHV FGU $CPFGCWU WPF KO TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GVYCU XGT UEJOWV\V OKV #NWOKPKWO 5EJKNFEJGP OKV IGRT·IVGT 0WOOGT QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF <- ++ &KG CWH FGO /QPKVQTWN 1HHKEKCN WPF CPFGTGP 3WGNNGP DCUKGTGPFG XQP & #EQXKE RWDNK\KGTVG 1TFGPUOCVTKMGN & #EQXKE .KUV QH TGEKRKGPVU QH VJG 4WOCPKCP 1TFGT QH %CTQN VJG (KTUV +P +PHQTOCVULG /CTEJ 5 HH HÒJTV KPUIGUCOV +PJCDGT FGU )TQMTGW\GU CWH YQXQP PQEJ FKG -GVVG GTJCNVGP JCDGP 8IN CWEJ 2CPMG[ % * 6JG 4Q[CN 4QOCPKCP 1TFGT QH %CTQN + +P 6JG ,QWTPCN QH VJG 1TFGT CPF /GFCNU 5QEKGV[ QH #OGTKEC 0T 5 7PF 9GDGT 9KNJGNO &CU TWO·PKUEJG 1TFGPUYGUGP WPF UGKPG \YGK TCPIJÌEJUVGP 1TFGP +P 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 0T 5
197
RUMÃ&#x201E;NIEN
777
1TFGP %CTQN + =1TFKPWN %CTQN + ? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQÂMTGW\ =/CTG %TWEG? #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 2CWN 6GNIG KP $GTNKP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV /GFCKNNQPTKPI )QNF 8QTFGTUGKVGP /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV YQJN IGIQUUGP CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 2#7. 6'.)' $'4.+0 WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G OKV *CNDOQPF WPF -TQPG <- ++
778
198
1TFGP %CTQN + =1TFKPWN %CTQN + ? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQÂMTGW\ =/CTG %TWEG? #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 4GUEJ KP $WMCTGUV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV /GFCKNNQPTKPI )QNF 8QTFGTUGKVGP /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO 2QTVTCKV IGRT·IV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNWPIUPWOOGT ,CJTGURWP\G HÃ&#x2019;T FCU ,CJT #4) HÃ&#x2019;T 5KNDGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G 4'5%* WPF TWO·PKUEJG 2WP\G HÃ&#x2019;T GT 5KNDGT XQP DKU -TQPGPRWP\G <- ++
RUMÄNIEN
779
1TFGP (GTFKPCPF + =1TFKPWN (GTFKPCPF + ? 1TFGPUMQNNCPG =%NCP? DGUVGJGPF CWU -TCP\ INKGFGTP FCXQP GKPGU FCU 8GTUEJNWINKGF WPF UGEJU DNCW GOCKNNKGTVGP FCXQP GKPGU 6TCIGINKGF FGU -NGKPQFU WPF UGEJU ITÒP GOCKNNKGTV /QPQITCOOINKGFGTP FCXQP FTGK OKV 'OCKNNGUEJ·FGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV FTGK -GVVGPTKPIG GTI·P\V XKGT MNGKPG ¤UGP CP FGP /QPQITCOOINKGFGTP CDIGDTQEJGP LGFQEJ PQEJ XQTJCPFGP WPF -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 444 ++ +++ 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV WPF VTQV\ FGT XQTJCPFGPGP IWV TGUVCWTKGTDCTGP 'TJCNVWPIU 'KPUEJT·PMWPIGP GKPG -TÌPWPI HÒT LGFG DGFGWVGPFG 4WO·PKGP QFGT 'WTQRC 5COONWPI
&GT 1TFGP YWTFG CO /CK KP UGEJU -NCUUGP IGUVKHVGV 'T UVCPF KO 4CPI CWGT KP #WUPCJOGH·NNGP FGO 1TFGP %CTQN + Ō INGKEJ &KG <CJN FGT )TQMTGW\G YCT CWH 5GKVG CWH DGUEJT·PMV QJPG FKG MÌPKINKEJGP 2TKP\GP 5GKV FGO ,WPK YWTFG FGT 1TFGP PKEJV OGJT XGTNKGJGP 8IN CWEJ 9GDGT 9KNJGNO &CU TWO·PKUEJG 1TFGPUYGUGP WPF UGKPG \YGK TCPIJÌEJUVGP 1TFGP +P 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 0T 5
199
RUMÄNIEN
781
780 (1:1)
1TFGP (GTFKPCPF + =1TFKPWN (GTFKPCPF + ? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT =/CTG 1HKtGT? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGEJKRU <- ++
/KNKV·TKUEJGT -TKGIUQTFGP /KEJCGN FGT 6CRHGTG =1TFKPWN /KNKVCT FG 4b\DQK /KJCK 8KVGC\WN ? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI /KEJCGN WPF ,CJTGU\CJN -TGW\ -NCUUG =%NCUC +++? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP 1TKIKPCNDCPF TWO·PKUEJGT 0·JCTV <- ++
782 (1:1) 783 (1:1)
200
1TFGP 6TGWG &KGPUVG =1TFKPWN 5GTXKEKWN %TGFGPEKQU ? /QFGNN CD $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQ QHHK\KGT =/CTG 1HKtGT? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV TÒEMUGKVKIG /GFCKNNQP #DFGEMWPI HGJNV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNWPIUPWOOGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G *9 FGT (KTOC 9GKUU KP $WMCTGUV ,CJ- TGURWP\G HÒT FCU ,CJT WPF TWO·PKUEJG 2WP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT XQP DKU -TQPGP- RWP\G <- ++ +++
'JTGPMTGW\ (ÒT 8GTFKGPUV =%TWEGC FG 1PQCTG 2GPVTW OGTKV ? -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP =%NCUC + EW URCFG? 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI VNY XGTICPIGP VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC * 9GKUU CO #DUEJPKVV FGU (TKGFGPJCNUDCPF <- ++
RUMÄNIEN
784 785
1TFGP 5VGTP 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN 5VGCWC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ =%QOCPFQT? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 4'5%* CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (GTFKPCPFU DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC ,QUGRJ 4GUEJ KP $WMCTGUV <- ++
+P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIRQUKVKQP YKTF FKG FC\WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
1TFGP 5VGTP 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN 5VGCWC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ =%QOCPFQT? HÒT *GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF FCVKGTV $WMCTGUV CO /CK OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV IGHCNVGV ++ &KG FC\WIGJÌTKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP
*GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF YCT W C 2TQVQMQNN &KTGMVQT FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #WGPOKPKUVGTKWOU WPF UR·VGT &KTGMVQT FGU $WTGCW F #FOKPKUVTCVKQP FGU 0¾GTNCPFCKU KP 6QWNQWUG 9GKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP HÒT *GPT[ $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF UKGJG -CV 0T WPF
786
787
1TFGP 5VGTP 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN 5VGCWC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ =1HKtGT? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4CPF FGU WPVG- TGP -TGW\CTOU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI 4'5%* CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF TWO·PKUEJGT 0·JCTV OKV CWH IGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG <- ++
1TFGP 5VGTP 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN 5VGCWC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ =1HKtGT? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGT ITÒPGP 'OCKNNG FGU TÒEMUGKVKIGP 'KEJGPNCWDMTCP\GU CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF TWO·PKUEJGT 0·JCTV OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG <- ++
201
RUMÄNIEN
788 (1:1) 790
789 (1:1)
1TFGP 5VGTP 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN 5VGCWC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN /KPKCVWT FGU 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\GU =1HKtGT? )QNF GOCKNNKGTV KO 4KPI HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJG -NGKPG )QNF )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV #FNGTMQRH GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG ++
1TFGP 5VGTP 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN 5VGCWC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP 4WO·PKGP /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT =/CTG 1HKtGT? MNGK PGTG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ,QUGRJ 4GUEJ (KNU KP $WMCTGUV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KP HWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G *GTUVGNNWPIUPWOOGT ,CJTGURWP\G HÒT FCU ,CJT #4) HÒT 5KNDGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G +4 FGT (KTOC 4GUEJ WPF TWO·PKUEJG 2WP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT XQP DKU -TQPGPRWP\G <- ++
1TFGP -TQPG 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN %QTQCPC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·- PKGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV -TQPG CWU 5KNDGT KP FGP /GFCKNNQPU $TWUV UVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT =/CTG 1HKtGT? 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGUEJCFGP KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC .GOCKVTG (KNU KP 2CTKU 0CFGN WPF 0CFGNJCMGP OWVOCNKEJ GTPGWGTV GTUVGTG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G <- ++
791
793 792
1TFGP -TQPG 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN %QTQCPC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·- PKGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV -TQPG CWU 5KNDGT KP FGP /GFCKNNQPU -QO- OCPFGWTMTGW\ =%QOCPFQT? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF <- ++
1TFGP -TQPG 4WO·PKGPU =1TFKPWN %QTQCPC 4QO³PKGK ? CWEJ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 4WO·- PKGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV -TQPG CWU 5KNDGT KP FGP /GFCKNNQPU 1HHK \KGTUMTGW\ =1HKtGT? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV 4QUGVVG <- ++
1TFGP #WIWUV =1TFKPWN #WIWUV ? /QFGNN OKV 454 KO /GFCKNNQP $TWUV- UVGTP -NCUUG $WPVOGVCNN XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV 5KOKNKUVGKPGP DGUGV\V CP 0CFGN <- ++
'KPGP YGKVGTGP TWO·PKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF GKPG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HKPFGP 5KG KO 0CEJNCUU 9KNNKCO $CNEM WPVGT FGP .QUPWOOGTP WPF 202
RUSSLAND
2:1
794
4755+5%*'5 4'+%* $+5
794
4755.#0&
$TKNNCPVGPRQTVTCKV -CKUGT #NGZCPFGTU ++ Z OO )QNF DGUGV\V OKV EC &KCOCPVTQUGP CWH 'EJVJGKV IGRTÒHV FKG -TQPG DGUGV\V OKV \YGK ITÌGTGP &KCOCPVTQUGP CWH 'EJVJGKV IGRTÒHV WPF YQJN GKPGO 4WDKP I FCU 2QTVTCKV FGU -CKUGTU KP HGKPUVGT /KPKCVWTOCNGTGK CWUIGHÒJTV FKG TÒEMUGKVKIG #DFGEMWPI OKV FGT $GHGUVKIWPI HGJNV ++ +8 1D GU UKEJ JKGTDGK VCVU·EJNKEJ WO GKPGU FGT NGIGPF·TGP MCKUGTNKEJGP $TKNNCPVGPRQTVTCKVU JCPFGNV FKG FKG TWUUKUEJGP -CKUGT UGKV /KVVG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CNU #WUFTWEM JÌEJUVGT RGTUÌPNKEJGT 9GTVUEJ·V\WPI XGTICDGP WPF FCU CP GKPGT 5EJNGKHG OKV FGO $CPF FGU 5V #PFTGCU 1TFGPU IGVTCIGP YWTFG QFGT PWT WO GKP CNNIGOGKPGU OKV &KCOCPVGP IGHCVGU MCKUGTNKEJGU 2QTVTCKV MQPPVG XQP WPU VTQV\ GTJGDNKEJGT 4GEJGTEJGP XQT CNNGO CWHITWPF FGU (GJNGPU FGT TÒEMUGKVKIGP #DFGEMWPI OKV GKPGT GXGPVWGNN FCTCP XQTJCPFGP $GHGUVKIWPIUXQTTKEJVWPI NGKFGT PKEJV HGUVIGUVGNNV YGTFGP
203
RUSSLAND
795 (1:1)
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO 9GKGP #FNGT =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé è êîðîëéâñêèé Áåëîãî Îðëà] -NGKPQF /QFGNN OKV -TQPGPRGPFKNKGP Z OO )QNF VNY HGKPUV ITCXKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU KP FGP 2GPFKNKGP FGT -TQPG CWH FGO 4GXGTU OGJTG OKP MCWO UKEJVDCTG QDGTHN·EJNKEJG %JKRU KP FGT UEJYCT\GP 'OCKNNG CWH FGO 4GXGTU FGT TGEJVGP -TCNNG *GT- UVGNNGTRWP\G # - HÒT #NDGTV -GKDGN KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI CWH FGO 4GXGTU FGT NKPMGP -TCNNG FKVQ WPF 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTIGT <QNQVPKMK )QNFRWP\G XQP DKU WPF CWH FGO 6TCIGTKPI &QRRGN CFNGTRWP\G FGT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G # - HÒT #NDGTV -GKDGN KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI WPF 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTIGT <QNQVPKMK )QNFRWP\G XQP DKU QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF 4147 <- ++ #WHITWPF FGT -QODKPCVKQP FGT 2WP\GP N·V UKEJ FKG *GTUVGNNWPIU\GKV FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT CWH GKPGP <GKVTCWO \YKUEJGP ªDGTPCJOG FGT (KTOC -GKDGN FWTEJ #NDGTV -GKDGN WPF 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT -QMQUEJPKM 2WP\KGTWPI GKPITGP\GP
/KV 1VVQ 5COWGN -GKDGN DGVTCV FCU GTUVG /KVINKGF GKPGT ICP\GP )QNFUEJOKGFG &[PCUVKG FKG TWUUKUEJG $ÒJPG FGT UGNDUV CDGT PQEJ MGKPG 1TFGP HGTVKIVG 5GKP 0GHHG ,QJCPP 9KNJGNO GTJKGNV KP 0CEJHQNIG XQP 'OOCPWGN )GQTI XQP 2CPPCUEJ \WUCOOGP OKV 9KNJGNO -·OOGTGT XQO 1TFGPUMCRKVGN FGP #WHVTCI \WT *GTUVGN- NWPI CNNGT TWUUKUEJGP 1TFGP 5GKP 5QJP ,WNKWU +XCP 'FWCTF -GKDGN NGTPVG DGK UGKPGO 8CVGT WPF YWTFG /GKUVGT 0CEJ FGUUGP 6QF ÒDGTPCJO GT UEJNKGNKEJ FKG (KTOC WPF YWTFG FCOKV 'ZMNWUKXNKGHGTCPV FGU 1T- FGPUMCRKVGNU #NDGTV -QPUVCPVKP -GKDGN KUV KP FCU )GUEJ·HV UGKPG 8CVGTU GKPIGVTGVGP WPF JCV GU PCEJ FGUUGP 6QF ÒDGTPQOOGP 8QP DKU JCVVG GT CNU QHHK\KGNNGT 1TFGPULWYGNKGT GKPGP 'ZMNWUKX 8GTVTCI OKV FGO 1TFGPUMCRKVGN &C FGT 8GTVTCI XQP #NDGTV -GKDGN OKV FGO 1TFGPUMCRKVGN PKEJV GTPGWGTV YWTFG NKGHGTVG GT FQTVJKP PWT DKU 8IN ) # 6COOCPP KP 642 5 HH
&GT GKPGT .GIGPFG PCEJ XQO RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKI 9NCFKUNCY + .QMKGVGM IGUVKHVGVG 1TFGP YWTFG KO 0QXGODGT XQP -ÌPKI #WIWUV ++ FGO 5VCTMGP -WTHÒTUV XQP 5CEJUGP KP GKPGT -NCUUG GTPGWGTV 8QP <CT 0KMQNCWU + 2CYNQYKVUEJ YWTFG GT OKV 7MCU XQO 0QXGODGT WPVGT FKG TWUUKUEJGP 1TFGP CWHIGPQOOGP 5GKV FKGUGO <GKVRWPMV MQPPVGP IGO· GKPGT LGYGKNKIGP RGTUÌPNKEJGP 'PVUEJGKFWPI FGU <CTGP 4KVVGT FGU 5V #PFTGCU 1TFGPU FKG FGP 9GKGP #FNGT 1TFGP PQEJ PKEJV GTJCNVGP JCVVGP FKGUGP INGKEJ\GKVKI OKV LGPGO GTJCNVGP #O #WIWUV YWTFGP FKG 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP HÒT 0KEJV %JTKUVGP IGPGJOKIV #O #WIWUV YWTFGP FKG -NGKPQFG WPF CO 1MVQDGT FKG $TWUVUVGTPG HÒT 0KEJV %JTKUVGP IGPGJOKIV /KV MCKUGTNKEJGO 7MCU <CT #NGZCPFGT ++ 0KMQNCLGYKVUEJ XQO #WIWUV YWTFGP IGMTGW\VG 5EJYGTVGT CWH FGP +PUKIPKGP HÒT 8GTNGKJWPIGP HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV KO -CORH IGPGJOKIV 0CEJFGO GT XQP FGT 2TQXKUQTKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI ÒDGTPQOOGP YQTFGP YCT YWTFG GT XQP FGP $QNUEJGYKMK CDIGUEJCHHV
204
RUSSLAND
796 (1:1)
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO 9GKGP #FNGT =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé è êîðîëéâñêèé Áåëîãî Îðëà] -NGKPQF OKV 5EJYGTVGTP /QFGNN OKV -TQPGPRGPFKNKGP Z OO )QNF VNY HGKPUV ITCXKGTV GOCKNNKGTV I OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU KP FGP 2GPFKNKGP FGT -TQPG CWH FGT NKPMGP -TCNNG /GKUVGTOCTMG ÂÄ HÒT 9NCFKOKT &KPCMQY WPF CWH FGO 6TCIGTKPI *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ÝÄÓÀÐÄÚ FGT (KTOC 'FWCTF KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI /GKUVGTOCTMG ÂÄ HÒT 9NCFKOKT &KPCMQY WPF <QNQVPKMK -QMQUEJPKM )QNFRWP\G XQP FKG 4ÒEMUGKVGP FGT DGKFGP 5EJYGTVITKHHG LGYGKNU -QMQUEJPKM 2WP\G XQP QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF 447 C <- 44 ++ &KG (KTOC 'FWCTF YWTFG \YKUEJGP WPF XQP 'FWCTF (GTPCPFQYKVUEJ &KGVYCNF IGITÒPFGV WPF NKGHGTVG UGKV FGO 4WUUKUEJ ,CRCPKUEJGP -TKGI CNUQ CD CNU QHHK\KGNNGT .KGHGTCPV FGU 1TFGPUMCRKVGNU \WUCOOGP OKV FGT # #FNGT IGJÌTGPFGP (KTOC 1UKRQX FGP ITÌVGP #PVGKN TWUUKUEJGT 1TFGP 0CEJ UGKPGO 6QF HÒJTVG UGKPG 9KVYG 8CTXCTC 2GVTQYPC &KGVYCNF FKG (KTOC YQJN DKU YGKVGT WPF NKGHGTVG CWEJ PQEJ DKU \WT 1MVQDGT 4GXQNWVKQP 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP CP FKG 2TQXKUQTKUEJG 4GIKGTWPI 8IN ) # 6COOCPP KP 642 5
797 (1:1)
797 (1:1) 1,5:1
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP )TQO·TV[TGTU )GQTI FGU 5KGITGKEJGP =Îðäåí èìïåð±òîðñêèé Ñâÿàòîãî Âåëèêîìó÷åíèêà è Ïîáåäîíîñöà Ãåîðãèÿ] 5V )GQTIU 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ /QFGNN XKGT- MNCUUKI #WUHÒJTWPI -TGW\ -NCUUG Z OO )QNF I CWH FGO 4GXGTU PWOOGTKGTV 0u OKV -QMQUEJPKM 2WP\G XQP DKU KP FGT NKPMGP WPVGTGP 'EMG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOGU 6TCIGURWTGP QJPG $CPF &+# ++ 205
RUSSLAND
798
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP )TQO·TV[TGTU )GQTI FGU 5KGITGKEJGP =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé Ñâÿàòîãî Âåëèêîìó÷åíèêà è Ïîáåäîíîñöà Ãåîðãèÿ] 5V )GQTIU 5QNFCVGPMTGW\ /QFGNN XKGT- MNCUUKI #WUHÒJTWPI -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT CWH FGO 4GXGTU PWOOGTKGTV 0u CP PGWGT 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG KP &&4 #TV &+# ++
799 (1:1)
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP #RQUVGNINGKEJGP (ÒTUVGP 9NCFKOKT =Îðäåí èìïåð±òîðñêèé Ñâÿàòîãî Ðàâíîàïîñòîëüíîãî Êíÿçÿ Âëàäèìèðà] $TWUVUVGTP \WT WPF -NCUUG &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT VNY ITCXKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG &QRRGNCFNGTRWP\G FGT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC -GKDGN KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI WPF 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTIGT <QNQVPKMK 5KNDGTRWP\G XQP DKU CP 0CFGN FKGUG GDGPHCNNU OKV &QRRGNCFNGTRWP\G FGT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU WPF *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC -GKDGN UQYKG 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTIGT 5VCFVRWP\G GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V <- ++ &GT XKGTMNCUUKIG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO 5GRVGODGT XQP <CTKP -CVJCTKPC ++ FGT )TQGP IGUVKHVGV FKG 5VCVWVGP CO INGKEJGP 6CI CRRTQDKGTV 'T YWTFG PCEJ FGO (ÒTUVGP 9NCFKOKT + 5YLCVQUNCYKVUEJ FGO #RQUVGNINGKEJGP XQP -KGY DGPCPPV QTFPGVG -CVJCTKPC ++ CP FC FKG MNCUUG FGU 1TFGPU CWEJ PCEJ &KGPUVLCJTGP CNU #TOGG 1HHK\KGT XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP MQPPVG YQDGK GKP UQNEJGT 8GTNGKJWPIUITWPF CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP CP\WIGDGP YCT #D FGO 0QXGODGT GTJKGNVGP -NCUUGP FKG HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV KO -CORH XGTNKGJGP YWTFGP GKP $CPFUEJNGKHG
9·JTGPF FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV <CT 2CWNU + 2GVTQYKVUEJ PKEJV XGTNKGJGP YWTFG GT XQP UGKPGO 0CEJHQNIGT #NGZCPFGT + 2CYNQYKVUEJ CO &G\GODGT GTPGWGTV #O #WIWUV YWTFGP FKG -TGW\G WPF CO 1MVQDGT FKG $TWUVUVGTPG HÒT 0KEJV %JTKUVGP IGPGJOKIV 7PVGT FGO ,WNK GTJKGNV FGT 1TFGP PGWG 5VCVWVGP &GPGP \WHQNIG MQPPVG FKG -NCUUG CWEJ PCEJ &KGPUVLCJTGP CNU #TOGG 1HHK\KGT QFGT PCEJ 'KPU·V\GP
-CORCIPG QFGT PCEJ 'KPU·V\GP CWH 5GG CNU /CTKPG 1HHK\KGT XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP YQDGK FGT LGYGKNKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUITWPF CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP CP\WIGDGP YCT
YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI XQP $TWUVUVGTPGP KP /GVCNN QHHK\KGNN IGPGJOKIV /KV MCKUGTNKEJGO 7MCU <CT #NGZCPFGT ++ 0KMQNCLGYKVUEJ XQO #WIWUV YWTFGP IGMTGW\VG 5EJYGTVGT CWH FGP +PUKIPKGP HÒT 8GTNGKJWPIGP HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV KO -CORH IGPGJOKIV
/KV #DUEJCHHWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG XGTUEJYCPF CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
206
RUSSLAND
800 (1:1)
801 (1:1)
802 (1:1)
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP #RQUVGNINGKEJGP (ÒTUVGP 9NCFKOKT =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé Ñâÿàòîãî Ðàâíîàïîñòîëüíîãî Êíÿçÿ Âëàäèìèðà] -TGW\ QFGT -NCUUG Z OO ,WYG- NKGTUCPHGTVKIWPI KP UEJYCT\GT FWPMGNTQVGT 'OCKNNG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK KP FGT ¤UG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTIGT ,CJTGURWP\G CWU FGP ,CJTGP DKU NGV\VG <KHHGT HGJNV /GKUVGTRWP\G (* OÌINKEJGTYGKUG XQP %JTKUVKCP (TKGFTKEJ *QGRRPGT WPF )QNFRWP\G <QNQVPKMK QJPG *CNUDCPF <- QFGT ++ &KG /GKUVGTOCTMG N·V UKEJ CWHITWPF FGT GT ,CJTGURWP\G CO GJGUVGP %JTKUVKCP (TKGFTKEJ *QGRRPGT \WUEJTGKDGP FGT KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI XQP DKU IGCTDGKVGV JCV 8IN ) # 6COOCPP KP 642 5
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP #RQUVGNINGKEJGP (ÒTUVGP 9NCFKOKT =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé Ñâÿàòîãî Ðàâíîàïîñòîëüíîãî Êíÿçÿ Âëàäèìèðà] -TGW\ QFGT -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP Z OO YQJN #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 'FWCTF KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU WPVGT FGT 'OCKNNG YQJN WPNGUGTNKEJG 2WP\KGTWPI KP FGT ¤UG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG +ORQTV 2WP\G '6 WPF 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTIGT <QNQVPKMK -QMQUEJPKM )QNFRWP\G XQP DKU FKG 4ÒEMUGKVGP FGT DGKFGP 5EJYGTVITKHHG OKV -QMQUEJPKM 2WP\GP XQP DKU QJPG *CNUDCPF <- QFGT ++
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP #RQUVGNINGKEJGP (ÒTUVGP 9NCFKOKT =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé Ñâÿàòîãî Ðàâíîàïîñòîëüíîãî Êíÿçÿ Âëàäèìèðà] -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP Z OO )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU WPVGT FGT 'OCKNNG /GKUVGTOCTMG #- HÒT #NDGTV -GKDGN 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU QDGTGP -TGW\CTOU OÌINKEJGTYGKUG CNV PCEJGOCKNNKGTV FCU TÒEMUGKVKIG /GFCKNNQPHGNF NGKEJV XGTFTGJV KP FGT ¤UG 6GKN GKPGT <QNQVPKMK )QNFRWP\G CO CNVGP $CPF OKV 5EJNGKHG <- ++
207
RUSSSLAND
803 (1:1)
803 (1:1)
804
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP FGT JGKNKIGP #PPC [Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé Ñâÿòîé Àííü³] /QFGNN CD -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV $TKNNCPVGP Z OO )QNF FWPMGNTQV GOCKNNKGTV 5KNDGT DGUGV\V OKV FCTWPVGT GKP ITÌGTGT XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ $TKNNCPVGP XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ &KCOCPVGP KP #NVUEJKHH WPF &KCOCPVTQUGP LGYGKNU CWH 'EJVJGKV IGRTÒHV GU HGJNGP UQOKV FGT ITÌVGP 5VGKPG I 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK KP FGT ¤UG /GKUVGTOCTMG -5 HÒT -CTN 5EJWDGTV GKPG FWTEJ 8GTNÌVWPI VGKNYGKUG WPNGUGTNKEJG GT ,CJTGURWP\G WPF <QNQVPKMK )QNFRWP\G QJPG $CPF + ++ W +8 -CTN 4GKPJQNF 5EJWDGTV CWU 9GUGPDGTI 4CMXGTG KO JGWVKIGP 'UVNCPF UVCOOGPF YWTFG KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI )QNFUEJOKGFG /GKUVGT WPF GTÌHHPGVG KO INGKEJGP ,CJT GKPG ,WYGNKGTUHKTOC KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI 0CEJ UGKPGO 6QF HÒJTVGP UGKPG 9KVYG 5QRJKG IGD *GKPTKEJUGP WPF DGKFGT 5QJP 'FWCTF ,QJCPP UGKPG (KTOC YGKVGT &KG (KTOC HGTVKIVG CDGT EC FGT /KVVG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWEJ ,WYGNKGTU WPF ,WYGNGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP TWUUKUEJGT 1TFGP XQP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 3WCNKV·V CP 8IN ) # 6COOCPP KP 642 5 H
&GT GKPMNCUUKIG 1TFGP FGT JN #PPC YWTFG XQP -CTN (TKGFTKEJ *GT\QI XQP *QNUVGKP )QVVQTR \WO )GFGPMGP CP UGKPG XGTUVQTDGPG )GOCJNKP #PPC 2GVTQXPC GKPGT 6QEJVGT <CT 2GVGTU FGU )TQGP IGUVKHVGV ÒDGTPCJO KJP UGKP 5QJP WPF 0CEJHQNIGT FGT KP\YKUEJGP TWUUKUEJGT <CT 2GVGT +++ IGYQTFGPG *GT\QI %CTN 2GVGT (TKGFTKEJ PCEJ 4WNCPF YQ GT CWEJ PCEJ FGO 8GT\KEJV -CVJCTKPCU ++ CWH FCU *GT\QIVWO *QNUVGKP )QVVQTRU XGTDNKGD 'TUV OKV FGT -TÌPWPI XQP FGTGP 5QJP 2CWN + \WO <CTGP CO #RTKN YWTFG FGT PWPOGJT FTGKMNCUUKIG 1TFGP KP FCU TWUUKUEJG 1TFGPUU[UVGO KPVGITKGTV YWTFG FKG DKUJGTKIG -NCUUG FGT 5V #PPGP 5·DGN KP FKG -NCUUG WOIGYCPFGNV WPF GKP -TGW\ -NCUUG IGUVKHVGV 7O EC YWTFG FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP XGT·PFGTV YWTFG HÒT FKG +PUKIPKGP FGT WPF -NCUUG CNU DGUQPFGTGT )PCFGPGTYGKU FKG -TQPG ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ GKPIGHÒJTV KP FKGUGT (QTO DKU XGTNKGJGP WPF FKG FTKVVG -NCUUG HÒT /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUV GTJKGNV GKPG CWH FGO $CPF CPIGDTCEJVG 5EJNGKHG #NNG -NCUUGP DTCEJVGP WTURTÒPINKEJ FGP 'TDCFGN CDGT PCEJ DTCEJVGP FKG DKU -NCUUGP PWT PQEJ FGP RGTUÌPNKEJGP #FGN YWTFGP FKG 5EJYGTVGT IGUVKHVGV WPF FKG /GVCNNUVGTPG UVCVV FGT DKUJGTKIGP IGUVKEMVGP QHHK\KGNN <YCT JÌTVG OKV FGO 7PVGTICPI FGU <CTGPVWOU CWEJ FGT 1TFGP CWH \W DGUVGJGP YWTFG CDGT Y·JTGPF FGU $ÒTIGTMTKGIGU XQP GKPKIGP )GPGT·NGP FGT UQIGPCPPVGP 9GKGP #TOGG DKU KP FKG HTÒJGP GT ,CJTG YGKVGT XGTNKGJGP
208
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé è êîðîë¾âñêèé Ñâÿòîãî Ñòàíèñëàâà] /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP QHHK\KGNN CD 5KNDGT 4GXGTU XGTIQNFGV #WHNCIGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG &QRRGNCFNGTRWP\G FGT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC -GKDGN KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI WPF 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTIGT <QNQVPKMK -QMQUEJPKM 5KNDGTRWP\G XQP DKU CP 0CFGN FKGUG GDGPHCNNU OKV &QRRGNCFNGTRWP\G FGT *QHNKGHGTCPVGP XQP DKU WPF *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC -GKDGN UQYKG -QMQUEJPKM 2WP\G GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V <- ++
RUSSLAND
805
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU [Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé è êîðîë¾âñêèé Ñâÿòîãî Ñòàíèñëàâà] /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP QHHK\KGNN CD 5KNDGT 4GXGTU XGTIQNFGV #WHNCIGP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ÝÄÓÀÐÄÚ FGT (KTOC 'FWCTF KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI /GKUVGTOCTMG ÈË HÒT ,QJCPP .KPFUVGFV WPF 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTIGT <QNQVPKMK -QMQUEJPKM 5KNDGTRWP\G XQP DKU KP \YGK 5VGTPURKV\GP -QMQUEJPKM 2WP\GP XQP DKU CP 0CFGN FKGUG GDGPHCNNU OKV -QMQUEJPKM 2WP\G XQP DKU 447 <- ++ &GT FTGKMNCUUKIG CD &G\GODGT XKGTMNCUUKIG MÌPKINKEJ RQNPKUEJG 1TFGP XQO JN 5VCPKUNCWU YWTFG CO /CK XQP -ÌPKI 5VCPKUxCY ++ #WIWUV 2QPKCVQYUMK IGUVKHVGV /QFGNN WPF FGO RQNPKUEJGP 0CVKQPCNJGK- NKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU $KUEJQH XQP -TCMCW MCPQPKUKGTV IGYKFOGV &WTEJ FKG PGWGP 5VCVWVGP XQO 0QXGODGT YWTFG GT XQP <CT 0KMQNCWU + 2CYNQYKVUEJ WPVGT FKG MCKUGTNKEJ TWUUKUEJGP 1TFGP CWHIG- PQOOGP /QFGNN 5GKV FKGUGO <GKVRWPMV MQPPVG FKG -NCUUG CWEJ OKV $TWUVUVGTP CNNGTFKPIU PWT CP #WUN·PFGT XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP
<YKUEJGP WPF YKGUGP FKG QHHK\KGNN XGTNKGJGPGP -TGW\G #FNGT OKV YGKV CWUIGDTGKVGVGP 5EJYKPIGP CWH /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FKG KPQHHK\KGNN UQICT DKU KP FKG GT ,CJTG JGTIGUVGNNV YWTFGP JCDGP FKG FCOCNU QHHK\KGNNGP 1TFGPULWYGNKGTG -GKDGN -·OOGTGT +PUKIPKGP OKV PCEJ QDGP IGTKEJVGVGP #FNGT 5EJYKPIGP GKPIGHÒJTV #NU DGUQPFGTGT )PCFGPGTYGKU MQPPVGP FKG WPF -NCUUG XQP DKU OKV MCKUGTNKEJGT -TQPG XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP /KV FGP PGWGP 5VCVWVGP XQP YWTFG FKG -NCUUG CDIGUEJCHHV +P FGP ,CJTGP JCVVG FGT 1TFGP PWT FKG -NCUUG #O #WIWUV YWTFGP FKG -TGW\G WPF CO 1MVQDGT FKG $TWUVUVGTPG HÒT 0KEJV %JTKUVGP IGPGJOKIV YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI XQP $TWUVUVGTPGP KP /GVCNN QHHK\KGNN IGPGJOKIV /KV MCKUGTNKEJGO 7MCU <CT #NGZCPFGT ++ 0KMQNCLGYKVUEJ XQO #WIWUV YWTFGP IGMTGW\VG 5EJYGTVGT CWH FGP +PUKIPKGP HÒT 8GTNGKJWPIGP HÒT 6CRHGTMGKV KO -CORH IGPGJOKIV #O #RTKN GTJKGNV FKG FTKVVG -NCUUG HÒT /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUV GKPG CWH FGO $CPF CPIGDTCEJVG 5EJNGKHG #D WPIGH·JT FGO INGKEJGP ,CJT MQPPVGP IGO· GKPGT LGYGKNKIGP RGTUÌPNKEJGP 'PVUEJGKFWPI FGU <CTGP 4KVVGT FGU 5V #PFTGCU 1TFGPU FKG FGP 5V 5VCPKUNCWU 1TFGP PQEJ PKEJV GTJCNVGP JCVVGP FKGUGP INGKEJ\GKVKI OKV LGPGO GTJCNVGP
+P FGT *KGTCTEJKG FGT TWUUKUEJGP 1TFGP UVCPF GT CP WPVGTUVGT 5VGNNG CDGT UGKPG -NCUUG TCPIKGTVG JÌJGT CNU FKG -NCUUG FGU 5V #PPC 1TFGPU WPF UGKPG -NCUUG JÌJGT CNU FKG -NCUUG FGU 5V #PPC 1TFGPU WPF FKG -NCUUG FGU 5V 9NCFKOKT 1TFGPU
0CEJFGO GT XQP FGT 2TQXKUQTKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI ÒDGTPQOOGP YQTFGP YCT /QFGNN YWTFG GT XQP FGP $QNUEJGYKMK CDIGUEJCHHV YWTFG FGT 1TFGP KP 2QNGP CNU JCNDQHHK\KGNNGT 1TFGP WPVGT FGO 2CVTQPCV FGT MCVJQNKUEJGP -KTEJG YKGFGT DGNGDV
209
RUSSLAND
807
806 (1:1)
806 (1:1)
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé è êîðîëéâñêèé Ñâÿòîãî Ñòàíèñëàâà] /QFGNN ,WYGNKGTUCPHGTVKIWPI GKPGU -TGW\GU -NCUUG OKV FGT -TQPG #WUHÒJTWPI #FNGT OKV PCEJ QDGP IGTKEJVGVGP 5EJYKPIGP )QNF PCEJGOCKNNKGTV /GFCKNNQP OKV \CJNTGKEJGP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQP HGJNV #WHJ·PIWPI WPUCEJIGO· TGRCTKGTV ¤UG WPMGPPVNKEJ RWP\KGTV FKG -TQPGP ªDGTJÌJWPI )QNF VNY HGKPUV \KUGNKGTV GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 'OCKNNGUEJ·FGP KO -TQPGPDCPF KO $CPFTKPI VNY WPNGUGTNKEJG /GKUVGT OCTMG !È ,CJTGURWP\G HÒT <QNQVPKMK )QNFRWP\G WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJG +ORQTVRWP\G '6 QJPG $CPF 44 +++ +8
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé è êîðîëéâñêèé Ñâÿòîãî Ñòàíèñëàâà] /QFGNN 4GFWMVKQP FGU -TGW\GU -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI #FNGT OKV UGKVY·TVU IGTKEJVGVGP 5EJYKPIGP Z OO )QNF DGKFUGKVKI GOCKNNKGTV I 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QJPG GTMGPPDCTG 2WP\KGTWPI CO MCPPGNKGTVGO $CPFTKPI CO CNVGP $CPFUVÒEM 44 ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK VTQV\ HGJNGPFGT 2WP\KGTWPI OWVOCNKEJ WO GKPG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #TDGKV
808
210
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé è êîðîëéâñêèé Ñâÿòîãî Ñòàíèñëàâà] /QFGNN -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI #FNGT OKV PCEJ QDGP IGTKEJVGVGP 5EJYKPIGP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK OKP #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGT ITÒPFGP 'OCKNNG FGU .QTDGGTMTCP\GU /GKUVGTOCTMG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU QDGTGP -TGW\CTOU HCUV XQNNMQOOGP XGTICPIGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU PQEJ 4GUVG FGT *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI ÝÄÓÀÐÄÚ FGT (KTOC 'FWCTF KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI \W GTMGPPGP TGEJVGT 5EJYGTVGTITKHH WPF &QRRGNCFNGT TGRCTKGTV LGFQEJ GKPG 2CTKGTUVCPIG WPF GKP &QRRGNCFNGTMQRH HGJNV KP FGT ¤UG <QNQVPKMK -QMQUEJPKM )QNFRWP\G XQP DKU WPF GKPG YGKVGTG PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG 2WP\G CO YQJN UR·VGTGP RGPVCIQPCN IGHCNVGVGP $CPF <- ++ +++
RUSSLAND
810 (1:1)
809 (1:1)
809 (1:1)
-CKUGTNKEJGT WPF -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQO JGKNKIGP 5VCPKUNCWU =Îðäåí èìïåðáòîðñêèé è êîðîëéâñêèé Ñâÿòîãî Ñòàíèñëàâà] /QFGNN ,WYGNKGTUCPHGTVKIWPI FGU -TGW\GU -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI #FNGT OKV PCEJ QDGP IGTKEJVGVGP 5EJYKPIGP )QNF DGKFUGKVKI FWPMGNTQV GOCKNNKGTV I OKV $CPF KP FGT ¤UG ,CJTGURWP\G HÒT WPF <QNQVPKMK )QNFRWP\G GTMGPPDCT UQYKG GKPG YGKVGTG PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG 2WP\G CO CNVGP 2GPVCIQPCNDCPF OKV 5EJNGKHG <- + ++
/GFCKNNG (ÒT FKG $GHTKGFWPI FGT 2QNPKUEJGP 4GDGNNKQP $TQP\GOGFCKNNG JGNNG $TQP\G &WTEJOGUUGT OO QJPG $CPF FGWVNKEJG 6TCIGURWTGP &+# +++
813
811 812
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CWU #PNC FGT 9GKJG FGT 5V +UCCMU -CVJGFTCNG \W 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI CO /CK )TQG #WUICDG &WTEJOGUUGT OO XQP # .[CNKP WPF 8 #NGZGGX $TQP\GOGFCKNNG PKEJV VTCIDCT $TQP\G VNY IGUEJY·T\V VNY #DTKGDG OKV 4CPFFGNNGP WPF MNGKPGP -TCV\GTP OKV 4CPFNQEJ GKPGT GPVHGTPVGP *CNVGTWPI -WIGNÌUG! &+# +++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CWU #PNC FGT 'KPYGKJWPI FGU &GPMOCNU HÒT -CKUGT 0KMQNCWU + KO ,CJTG KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI )TQG #WUICDG &WTEJOGUUGT OO XQP # $TWUPKV\[P $TQP\GOGFCKNNG PKEJV VTCIDCT $TQP\G VNY IGUEJY·T\V VNY #DTKGDG OKV 4CPFFGNNGP WPF MNGKPGP -TCV\GTP &+# +++
'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FKG 2CP 4WUUKUEJG #WUUVGNNWPI KP /QUMCW 8QP . 5VGKPOCP WPF 5 8C\JGPKP $TQP\GOGFCKNNG PKEJV VTCIDCT &WTEJOGUUGT OO $TQP\G 4CPFFGNNGP (GKNURWT WPF 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT &+# ++ +++
211
RUSSLAND
817 816
814 815
4755+5%*'5 4'+%* $+5 #$<'+%*'0
,GVQP FGU &COGPMQOKVVGGU FGU 4QVGP -TGW\GU XQP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI WPVGT FGO 2CVTQPCV FGT )TQ- HÒTUVKP /CTKC 2CXQNQYPC 5KNDGTPGT ,GVQP 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG )TCXWT FGU 0COGPU FGT 6T·IGTKP WPF ,CJTGU\CJN 9,6 ++
&GT ,GVQP FGT KP )QNF WPF KP 5KNDGT XGTIGDGP YWTFG KUV CO 5GRVGODGT IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGT 1TVJQFQZGP $TWFGTUEJCHV FGU PKEJV XQP /GPUEJGPJCPF IGUEJCHHGPGP #PVNKV\GU WPUGTGU #NNGTJGKNKIUVGP 'TNÌUGTU CWH -COVUEJCVMC -TGW\ 5VWHG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQP- CWHNCIG )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG /GKUVGTOCTMG ÀÁ WPF XGTUEJNCIGPG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJ- PWPI GKPGT (KTOC KP 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTI WPF 5CPMV 2GVGTUDWTIGT <QNQVPKMK -QMQUEJPKM 5KNDGTRWP\G XQP CP 0CFGN 5# 5 ++
#D\GKEJGP HÒT CWUIG\GKEJPGVGU 5EJKGGP OKV FGO )GYGJT #WUHÒJTWPI *QJNRT·IWPI OKV \YGK -NGOOGP 5# 0T ++
0KEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTVGT 'KUGPDCJP ,GVQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV I HGKPUVG 'OCKNNG OCNGTGK CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG 0COGPUDG\GKEJPWPI + 5 -CPGIKUUGT KP TWUUKUEJGP $WEJUVCDGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG &CVKGTWPI ++
820 818
819
70+10 &'4 51<+#.+56+5%*'0 519,'64'27$.+-'0 519,'670+10
.GPKP 1TFGP [Îðäåí Ëåíèíà] /QFGNN QXCNG (QTO #PHCPI FGT GT ,CJTG DKU 'PFG 1T- FGPUFGMQTCVKQP #PHGTVKIWPI FGU /QUMCWGT /ÒP\JQHU )QNF 2NCVKP VNY GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI WPF GT 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP UQYLGVKUEJGT 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG *( <- ++ &KG 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT YGKUV CWH GKPG 8GTNGKJWPI WO FCU ,CJT JKP
212
1TFGP FGT (TGWPFUEJCHV FGT 8ÌNMGT 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG UGEJUHCEJ XGTPKGVGV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGU /ÒP\JQHU KP /QUMCW WPF GT 6T·IGTPWO- OGT CP 2GPVCIQPCNDCPFURCPIG \WUCOOGP OKV YGKVGTGO $CPFUVÒEM KP QTKIKPCNGO .GFGTGVWK OKV IGRT·IVGO 5VCCVUYCRRGP *( <- ++
1TFGP FGU 8CVGTN·PFKUEJGP -TKGIGU =Îðäåí Îòå÷åñòâåííîé âîéíû] /QFGNN OKV 5EJTCWDG WPF 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG #WUICDG CD #WUHÒJTWPI VGKNKI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV )QNF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGU /ÒP\JQHU KO /QUMCW WPF JQJG 6CWUGPFGT 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG <- ++
RUSSLAND
ex 823 ex 821
ex 822
ex 824
/GFCKNNG (Ã&#x2019;T 6CRHGTMGKV #WUICDG CP MNGKPGT 6TCIGURCPIG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI OKV GKPIGUEJNCIGPGT 6T·IGTPWOOGT 5KNDGT 'OCKNNG PKEJV OGJT XQTJCPFGP CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP 6TCIGURCPIG OKV 5EJTCWDG WPF 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG CWU #NWOKPKWO \WUCOOGP OKV DGUEJ·FKIVGO 8GTNGK- JWPIUDÃ&#x2019;EJNGKP *( 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
/GFCKNNG (Ã&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUV KO -CORH #WUICDG CP MNGKPGT 6TCIGURCPIG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI OKV GKPIG- UEJNCIGPGT 6T·IGTPWOOGT 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP 6TCIG- URCPIG OKV 5EJTCWDG WPF 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG CWU /GUUKPI \WUCOOGP OKV DGUEJ·FKIVGO 8GTNGKJWPIUDÃ&#x2019;EJNGKP HÃ&#x2019;T FGP 5QNFCVGP 1NGI 9CUUKNLGYKVUEJ 5CTKVUEJGY OKV 2JQVQ *( 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
/GFCKNNG (Ã&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUV KO -CORH #WUICDG CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNKGTWPI XGTICPIGP CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIG \W- UCOOGP OKV FGO <GKVDGITGP\VGP #WUYGKU HÃ&#x2019;T 9CNGPVKPC )GQTIKGYPC -WFTLCYKGYC XGTNKGJGP HÃ&#x2019;T XQTDKNFNKEJG #WUÃ&#x2019;DWPI XQP OKNKV·TKUEJGP #WHICDGP FKG FWTEJ FCU -QOOCPFQ FGT (TQPV GTVGKNV YWTFGP KO -CORH IGIGP FKG FGWVUEJGP $GUCV\WPIUVTWRRGP FCVKGTV CO ,WPK OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV XQP /CLQT 5EJNKMQY \YGKOCN IGHCNVGV WPF TGUVCWTKGTV *( 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
#WU\GKEJPWPIUPCEJNC FGU 5QNFCVGP #NGZCPFGT /KEJCKNQYKVUEJ -QICTQYUMK OKV FTGK 1TFGP $GUVG- JGPF CWU 1TFGP FGU 4WJOU -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 6T·IGTPWOOGT &KVQ -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 6T·IGTPWOOGT 1TFGP 4QVGT 5VGTP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 6T·IGTPWOOGT CP 5EJTCWDG OKV GTI·P\VGT 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG <WUCOOGP OKV FGO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUDÃ&#x2019;EJNGKP DGUEJ·FKIV OKV FGP 'KPVTCIWPIGP CNNGT FTGK 1TFGP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
ex 825
-QPXQNWV XQP EC 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 7 C 1TFGP FGU 4WJOU -NCUUG KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV MQTTGMVGP 2GPVCIQPCN $CPFURCPIGP FCXQP HÃ&#x2019;PH \WUCOOGP CP 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG KP IWVGO <WUVCPF &C\W GKPG KPQHHK\KGNNG #WU\GKEJPWPI FGT JGWVKIGP 4GRWDNKM EC HÃ&#x2019;PH GOCKNNKGTVG #D\GKEJGP VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU XGTIQNFGV CNNG GOCKNNKGTV CP 5EJTCWDGP OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDGP KP IWVGO <WUVCPF WPF EC HÃ&#x2019;PH 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP QFGT DÃ&#x2019;EJNGKP WPF GKP HTÃ&#x2019;JGT UQYLGVKUEJGT 9GJTRCÂ FKGUG OKV VNY UVCTMGP )GDTCWEJUURWTGP WPF 4GUVCWTKGTWPIGP 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++
213
SCHWEDEN
826
-¤0+)4'+%* 5%*9'&'0
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5GTCRJKO 1TFGP =-WPINKIC 5GTCHKOGTQTFGP? 1TFGPU -QNNCPGPVGKN DGUVGJGPF CWU \YGK
XQP YQJN WTURTÒPINKEJ FTGK )NKGFGTP OKV PCEJ XQTPG IGTKEJVGVGP 5GTCRJKO -ÌRHGP FCU 6TCIGINKGF HGJNV \YGK XQP YQJN WTURTÒPINKEJ XKGT OKV NGKEJV PCEJ TGEJVU IGYGPFGVGP 5GTCRJKO -ÌRHGP FTGK XQP YQJN WTURTÒPINKEJ XKGT OKV NGKEJV PCEJ NKPMU IGYGPFGVGP 5GTCRJKOMÌRHGP WPF CEJV XQP YQJN WTURTÒPINKEJ &QRRGNMTGW\INKGFGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV FKG 8GTIQNFWPI VGKNYGKUG XGTICPIGP FKG 'OCKNNG FGT -TGW\G UVCTM DGUEJ·FKIV CNNG )NKGFGT VNY XGTUEJOWV\V WPF OKV -QTTQUKQPUURWTGP +8 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKP \YGKHGNUHTGKGU 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCT WPF PKEJV WO GKPG FGT HÒPH KO #WHVTCI FGU F·PKUEJGP 5COONGTU -CK /G[GT JGTIGUVGNNVGP 5COONGTCPHGTVKIWPIGP 6TQV\ FGT UVCTMGP 'KPUEJT·PMWPIGP KP FGT 'TJCNVWPI WPF CWEJ KP FKGUGO WPXQNNUV·PFKIGP <WUVCPF UVGNNV FKGUG -QNNCPG GKP DGFGWVGPFGU JKUVQTKUEJGU 1DLGMV FCT FC FKGUG CNU RGTUÌPNKEJGU 'KIGPVWO FGU -ÌPKIU GKPGT UGJT UVTGPI YCJTIGPQOOGPGP 4ÒEMICDGRHNKEJV WPVGTNKGIGP 5Q YKTF \WO $GKURKGN MQNRQTVKGTV FC FKG UEJYGFKUEJG 4GIKGTWPI PCEJ FGT *KPTKEJVWPI FGU TWO·PKUEJGP &KMVCVQTU 0KEQNCG %GCWEGUEW GKPGP 5QPFGTIGUCPFVGP PCEJ 4WO·PKGP IGUCPFV JCV WO FGUUGP +PUKIPKGP GKPUEJNKGNKEJ FGT -QNNCPG FKG GT CO 0QXGODGT DGK GKPGO 5VCCVUDGUWEJ KP 5VQEMJQNO XQP -ÌPKI %CTN :8+ )WUVCX IGD ÒDGTTGKEJV DGMQOOGP JCV YKGFGT PCEJ 5VQEMJQNO \W DTKPIGP #NNGTFKPIU FÒTHVG FKG UEJYGFKUEJG 1TFGPU MCP\NGK CP FGO JKGT CPIGDQVGPGP 'ZGORNCT CWHITWPF UGKPGU UEJNGEJVGP 'TJCNVWPIU\WUVCPFGU MGKP +PVGTGUUG CP FGUUGP 9KGFGTGTNCPIWPI JCDGP
#O (GDTWCT UVKHVGVG -ÌPKI (TGFGTKEM + XQP 5EJYGFGP CWU FGO *CWUG *QNUVGKP )QVVQTR KP 'TKPPGTWPI GKPGU ·NVGTGP 5GTCRJKOQTFGPU FGT \YGKVGP *·NHVG FGU 5GEJ\GJPVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU FGP GKPMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP 'PVURTG EJGPF GKPGT 'TMN·TWPI FGU 5EJYGFKUEJGP 4GKEJUVCIGU XQO ,WPK FWTHVG GT CD ,CPWCT CWUUEJNKGNKEJ #WUN·PFGTP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP 5GKV FÒTHGP YKGFGT /KVINKGFGT FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP MÌPKINKEJGP (COKNKG KP FGP 1TFGP CWHIGPQOOGP YGTFGP
214
SCHWEDEN
827 (1:1)
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5GTCRJKO 1TFGP =-WPINKIC 5GTCHKOGTQTFGP? $TWUVUVGTP /QFGNN OKV 2CVTKCTEJGPMTGW- \GP CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP 5KNDGT VGKNYGKUG HGKPUV ITCXKGTV \KUGNKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VGKNYGKUG XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQP\GPVTWO GOCKNNKGTV /GFCKNNQP #WHNCIGP )QNF FKG #WHNCIGP CEJVHCEJ XGTUEJTCWDV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO CP 0CFGN <- ++
828
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP =-WPINKIC 5X·TFUTQTFGP? /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QO- OCPFGWT -NCUUG #WUICDG OKV INCVVGP -TGW\CTOHGNFGTP UGKV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY 'OCKN NKGTV CWH FGO 0CFGNDQEM OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C %(% HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO WPF ,CJTGURWP\G ( HÒT CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK XQP %CTNOCP <- ++
#O (GDTWCT UVKHVGVG -ÌPKI (TGFTKM + XQP 5EJYGFGP CWU FGO *CWUG *GUUGP -CUUGN FGP \WP·EJUV \YGK MNCUUKIGP -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP \WUCOOGP OKV FGO -ÌPKINKEJGP 5GTCRJKO 1TFGP WPF FGO -ÌPKINKEJGP 5EJYGTVQTFGP TGQTICPKUKGTVG -ÌPKI )WUVCX +++ FGP 1TFGP KPFGO GT GKP )TQMTGW\ UVKHVGVG YQDGK FKG +PJCDGT FKGUGT -NCUUG -QOOCPFGWT OKV )TQMTGW\ IGPCPPV YWTFGP UVKHVGVG GT HÒT -TKGIU\GKVGP FKG -NCUUG FGT 4KVVGT OKV FGO )TQGP -TGW\ -NCUUG FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU 4KVVGTMTGW\ CO *CNU OKV CWHTGEJV UVGJGPFGO 5EJYGTV CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUV FKG FWTEJ -ÌPKI -CTN :+++ WO FKG -NCUUG FGT 4KVVGT OKV FGO )TQGP -TGW\ FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU
4KVVGTMTGW\ CO *CNU OKV IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUV GTYGKVGTV YWTFG #O ,WPK UVKHVGVG -ÌPKI 1UECT + FCU CHHKNKKGTVG 5EJYGTV\GKEJGP WPF FKG CHHKNKKGTVG 5EJYGTVOGFCKNNG HÒT 7PVGTQHHK\KGTG WPF /CPP UEJCHVGP +O /CK YWTFG -CKUGT 9KNJGNO + XQP -ÌPKI 1UECT ++ GKPG IQNFGPG 5EJYGTVOGFCKNNG XGTNKGJGP FKG \YCT GDGPHCNNU IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP YCT CDGT PWT GKPOCN XGTNKGJGP YWTFG GDGP CP -CKUGT 9KNJGNO + XIN '8 5 H -ÌPKI %CTN :8 UVKHVGVG GKPGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT WPF -ÌPKI 1UECT ++ WPVGTVGKNVG CWU #PNC UGKPGT -TÌPWPI FKG -QOOCPFGWTG KP -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG OKV $TWUVUVGTP WPF -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG
QJPG $TWUVUVGTP CD -QOOCPFGWT IGPCPPV YQDGK NGV\VGTG DKU \WO 5GRVGODGT #WUN·PFGTP XQTDG JCNVGP YCT $GTGKVU YCTGP FKG DKU FCJKP IGUVKEMVGP $TWUVUVGTPG QHHK\KGNN KP /GVCNNUVGTPG WOIGYCPFGNV YQTFGP FGTGP #TOHN·EJGP DKU DTKNNCPVKGTV XQP DKU IGUEJWRRV WPF UGKV FKGUGO <GKVRWPMV INCVV YCTGP /KV FGP PGWGP 5VCWVGP XQO 0QXGODGT YWTFG CWEJ FKG 4KVVGTMNCUUG KP 4KVVGT -NCUUG WPF 4KVVGT -NCUUG CD 4KVVGT IGPCPPV WPVGTVGKNV YQDGK NGV\VGTG \WP·EJUV GDGPHCNNU PWT #WUN·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP YCT YWTFG FCU 5EJYGTV\GKEJGP QJPG 5EJYGTVGT XQP -ÌPKI 1UECT ++ IGUVKHVGV #O /·T\ GTNKG -ÌPKI )WUVCX 8+ #FQNH PGWG 5VCVWVGP OKV FGPGP HÒT -TKGIU\GKVGP GKP FTGKMNCUUKIGU CHHKNKKGTVGU -TKGIUMTGW\ FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU IGUVKHVGV YWTFG #WH $GUEJNW FGU 5EJYGFKUEJGP 4GKEJUVCIGU XQO ,WPK YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU OKV 9KTMWPI XQO ,CPWCT IGPGTGNN GKPIGUVGNNV
215
SCHWEDEN
ex 830
832 829
831
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP =-WPINKIC 5X·TFUTQTFGP? /QFGNN -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQPU )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO IGVTCIGPGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO <- ++
&KG UR·VGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV UKPF YGKVCWU UGNVGPGT \W HKPFGP CNU FKG GEJV IQNFGPGP
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP =-WPINKIC 5X·TFUTQTFGP? /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ CD 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGO 4CPF FGU TGEJVGP WPVGTGP -TGW\CTOU OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C %(% HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO - HÒT EV )QNF QJPG ,CJ- TGURWP\G CO $CPF \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIU GVWK FGT (KTOC %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO <- 5VÒEM + ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5EJYGTVQTFGP =-WPINKIC 5X·TFUTQTFGP? /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC %CTN- OCP KP 5VQEMJQNO <- ++
&KG UR·VGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP KP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV UKPF YGKVCWU UGNVGPGT \W HKPFGP CNU FKG GEJV IQNFGPGP
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP =-WPINKIC 8CUCQTFGP? /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT -NCUUG #WUICDG OKV IGUEJWRRVGP -TGW\CTOHGNFGTP 5KNDGT KO 0CFGNDQEM OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C %(% HÒT FGP *GTUVGNNGT % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO 5 HÒT 5KNDGT WPF ,CJTGURWP\G + HÒT CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO <- ++ )GUVKHVGV CO /CK XQP -ÌPKI )WUVCX +++ CNU \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIGT -QOOCPFGWT OKV )TQMTGW\ -QOOCPFGWT 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG .CPFYKTVUEJCHV *CPFGN )GYGTDG WPF +PFWUVTKG -WPUV WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHV &WTEJ -ÌPKI 1UECT + GTJKGNVGP FCU -NGKPQF FGU )TQMTGW\GU WPF FKG -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP LGYGKNU GKPG MÌPKINKEJG -TQPG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI #O #RTKN TGQTICPKUKGTVG -ÌPKI %CTN :8 FGP 1TFGP ICD FGP +PUKIPKGP GKPG )GUVCNV WPF HÒJTVG GKPGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT GKP #WU #PNC UGKPGT -TÌPWPI VGKNVG -ÌPKI 1UECT ++ FKG -QOOCPFGWTMNCUUG KP -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG OKV $TWUVUVGTP WPF -QOOCPFGWTG -NCUUG QJPG $TWUVUVGTP CD -QOOCPFGWT IGPCPPV YQDGK NGV\VGTG DKU \WO 5GRVGODGT #WUN·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP YCT $GTGKVU YCTGP FKG DKU FCJKP IGUVKEMVGP $TWUVUVGTPG QHHK\KGNN KP /GVCNNUVGTPG WOIGYCPFGNV YQTFGP FGTGP #TOHN·EJGP DKU DTKNNCPVKGTV XQP DKU IGUEJWRRV WPF UGKV FKGUGO <GKVRWPMV INCVV YCTGP /KV FGP PGWGP 5VCWVGP XQO 0QXGODGT YWTFG CWEJ FKG 4KVVGTMNCUUG KP 4KVVGT -NCUUG WPF 4KVVGT -NCUUG CD 4KVVGT IGPCPPV WPVGTVGKNV YQDGK NGV\VGTG \WP·EJUV GDGPHCNNU PWT #WUN·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP YCT #O 0QXGODGT UVKHVGVG 1UECT ++ FCU 9CUC\GKEJGP WPF FKG OGJTUVWHKIG 9CUC /GFCKNNG KP )QNF WPF 5KNDGT #O ,WPK DGUEJNQ FGT 4GKEJUVCI FCU UEJYGFKUEJG 2CTNCOGPV FC FKG UEJYGFKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF UQOKV CWEJ FGT 9CUC 1TFGP MÒPHVKI PWT PQEJ #WUN·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP UGK WPF OKV FGP PGWGP 5VCVWVGP FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP 1TFGP XQO #WIWUV YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 9CUC 1TFGPU YKG CWEJ FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU IGPGTGNN GKPIGUVGNNV
216
SCHWEDEN
ex 833
-ÌPKINKEJGT 9CUC 1TFGP =-WPINKIC 8CUCQTFGP? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒT ,GCP .QW[\KCE 7PVGTFKTGMVQT KO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP *CPFGNUOKPKUVGTKWO KP 2CTKU FCVKGT 5VQEMJQNO CO &G\GODGT OKV 2CRKGT 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP IGHCNVGV \WUCOOGP OKV +PUVTWM VKQPGP DGVTGHHGPF FKG 4ÒEMUVGNNWPI FGT 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP 5VÒEM ++
836
834 835
837
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT )TGPCFKGTG /QFGNN OKV +PUEJTKHV #( )756#8 +8 #&1.2* XCTKCPVG #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG FKG -TQPGP CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG QJPG $CPF #4 XCT ++
#D\GKEJGP FGT 5EJYGFKUEJGP 0CVKQPCNUCOONWPI \WO )GDWTVUVCI -ÌPKI )WUVCXU 8 CO ,WPK $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN 4 ++
9CUC 'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 5EJCWURKGNMWPUV 'JTGP\GKEJGP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV OKV 8GTNGKJWPIUITCXWT 0u #PFGTU 5CPFTGY CO $TWUVDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT XGT IQNFGV CO $·PFEJGP KO 'VWK ++
#PFGTU 5CPFTGY YCT FGT )TÒPFGT FGU ITÌVGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 6JGCVGT WPF (KNOMQP\GTPU 5CPFTGY
'JTGPCD\GKEJGP FGU 5EJYGFKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU =5XGPUMC 4ÌFC -QTUGV #GTGVGEMGP? 5KNDGT XGTIQN- FGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH $CPFMTGW\ CWHIGNGIV CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGU -ÌPKINKEJGP *QHLWYGNKGTU )WUVCX /ÌNNGPDQTI KP 5VQEMJQNO ++
217
SCHWEDEN
838
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG FGU /CLQTU ,QJP #NVUVGTOCTM OKV 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP 5EJYGFKUEJG 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF /GFCKNNGP W C FGT *GKOYGJT WPF XGTUEJKGFGPGT 8GTD·PFG CWU ¤TGDTQ WPF *CNNCPF VGKNU 5KNDGT D\Y 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV RWP\KGTV VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU OKV 0COGPUITCXWTGP VJKQRKGP 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP VJKQRKGP /QFGNN 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG FCTCWH DGHGUVKIV FKG ªDGTJÌJWPI FGT &GMQTCVKQP (ÒTUVNKEJG (COKNKG XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP (ÒTUVNKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV (KPPNCPF 4KVVGTQTFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI
OKV JQTK\QPVCN CPIGNÌVGVGT ¤UG UGKV 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C #6 HÒT FKG (KTOC # 6KNNCPFGT KP *GNUKPMK WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G * $CPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG &·PGOCTM 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT &·PKUEJGP *GKOYGJT 5KNDGT #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM 4 ++ $GKO 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG FGU *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP FÒTHVG GU UKEJ WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC )GDTÒFGT *GOOGTNG KP /ÒPEJGP CWU FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV XQP (ÒTUV (TKGFTKEJ XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP JCPFGNP FGT XQP DKU \W UGKPGO 6QFG %JGH FGU HÒTUVNKEJGP *CWUGU XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP YCT .CWV .KPM WPF )CWIIGN KP .0. 5 UKPF KP FKGUGT <GKV PWT 'JTGPMTGW\G -NCUUG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YCU UKG KP FKGUGT NGV\VGP #WUHÒJTWPI ÒDGTCWU UGNVGP OCEJV
&KG /KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG FKGUGU 6T·IGTU DKGVGP YKT WPVGT FGT -CV 0T CP
839
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG OKV HÒPH XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ UGEJU #WU\GKEJPWPIGP 5EJYGFGP NGGTGU $CPF GKPGU 4KVVGTMTGW\GU FGU 0QTFUVGTPQTFGPU &·PGOCTM (TGKJGKVU /GFCKNNG -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU : 241 &#0+# 5KNDGT (KPPNCPF 1TFGP FGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\GU /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV FGO 4QVGP -TGW\ CO \KXKNGP IGNDGP $CPF (KPPNCPF /GFCKNNG 2TQ $GPKIPKVCVG *WOCPC $TQP\G (KPPNCPF /GFCKNNG FGT <KXKNXGTVGKFKIWPI -NCUUG $TQP\G XGT UKNDGTV (TCPMTGKEJ 0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP /QFGNN OKV /CTKCPPG WPF CWH FGO #XGTU /GFCKNNQP FGT 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP WPF FGU $TWUVUVGTPU 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV 'OCKNNGDGUEJ·FKIWPIGP #P 0CFGN 5VÒEM 4 ++ ++ +++ .CWV *CPMKOQ KP (- 5 UKPF XQO /QFGNN FGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\GU PWT -TGW\G -NCUUG OKV FGO 4QVGP -TGW\ XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YQDGK FKG OGKUVGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP CO TQVGP /KNKV·TDCPF GTHQNIVGP
&KG /KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG FKGUGU 6T·IGTU DKGVGP YKT WPVGT FGT -CV 0T CP
218
SCHWEDEN
840
)TQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG GKPGU UEJYGFKUEJGP 1HHK\KGTU OKV XKGT XQP WTURTÒPINKEJ UGEJU #WU\GKEJ PWPIGP 5EJYGFGP .GGTGU $CPF FGU 5EJYGTV 1TFGPU &·PGOCTM .GGTGU $CPF FGU &CPPGDTQI 1TFGPU (KPPNCPF 1TFGP FGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\GU /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN -TGW\ -NCUUG QJPG 5EJYGTVGT (KPPNCPF 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FGP $GHTGKWPIUMTKGI OKV *GTUVGNNGT RWP\G 5 %Q FGT (KTOC % % 5RQTTQPI %Q KP 5VQEMJQNO +VCNKGP 5V /CWTKVKWU WPF .C\CTWU 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 4WUUKUEJGU 4GKEJ 5V 5VCPKUNCWU 1TFGP /QFGNN -TGW\ FGT -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 2WP\KGTWPIGP PKEJV GTMGPPDCT /KV $QIGPD·PFGTP KP ·NVGTGT UEJYGFKUEJGT 0·JCTV CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
5GJT UEJÌPG NGKEJV \W GTI·P\GPFG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG .CWV *CPMKOQ KP (- 5 UKPF XQO /QFGNN FGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\GU PWT -TGW\G -NCUUG QJPG 5EJYGTVGT XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP &KG /KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG FKGUGU 6T·IGTU DKGVGP YKT WPVGT FGT -CV 0T CP
841
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG FGU /CLQTU ,QJP #NVUVGTOCTM OKV #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP 5EJYGFK- UEJG 'JTGP\GKEJGP WPF /GFCKNNGP W C FGT *GKOYGJT WPF XGTUEJKGFGPGT 8GTD·PFG CWU ¤TGDTQ WPF *CNNCPF VGKNU 5KNDGT D\Y 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV RWP\KGTV VGKNU XGTIQNFGV (KPPNCPF 4KVVGTQTFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIG NGIVGT 4QUGVVG (ÒTUVNKEJG (COKNKG XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP (ÒTUVNKEJGT *CWUQTFGP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP 'JTGPMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV VJKQRKGP 1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP VJKQRKGP /QFGNN 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG &·PGOCTM 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT &·PKUEJGP *GKOYGJT 5KNDGT #P 0CFGN 4 ++
&KG ITQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG FKGUGU 6T·IGTU DKGVGP YKT WPVGT FGT -CV 0T CP
842
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG OKV #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP &·PGOCTM (TGKJGKVU /GFCKNNG -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU : 241 &#0+# 5KNDGT (KPPNCPF 1TFGP FGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\GU /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU- \CJN -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV FGO 4QVGP -TGW\ CO \KXKNGP IGNDGP $CPF (KPPNCPF 4KVVGTQTFGP FGT (KPPKUEJGP 9GKGP 4QUG 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG (KPPNCPF /GFCKNNG 2TQ $GPKIPKVCVG *WOCPC $TQP\G (KPPNCPF /GFCKNNG FGT <KXKNXGTVGKFKIWPI -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV (TCPMTGKEJ 0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP /QFGNN OKV /CTKCPPG WPF CWH FGO #XGTU /GFCKNNQP FGT 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP WPF FGU $TWUVUVGTPU 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV #P 6TCIGMPQRH 4 ++
&KG ITQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG FKGUGU 6T·IGTU DKGVGP YKT WPVGT FGT -CV 0T CP
219
SCHWEIZ
843
/KPKCVWTGPUEJPCNNG GKPGU UEJYGFKUEJGP 1HHK\KGTU UKGDGP #WU\GKEJPWPIUOKPKCVWTGP OKV \WIGJÌTKIGT (GNFUEJPCNNG 5EJYGFGP 5EJYGTV 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ -NCUUG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV &·PGOCTM &CPPGDTQI 1TFGPU /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM 8+++ 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV &GWVUEJGU 4GKEJ 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQO &GWVUEJGP #FNGT 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ 5VWHG (KPPNCPF 1TFGP FGU (TGKJGKVUMTGW\GU /QFGNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN -TGW\ -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGT (KPPNCPF 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP FGP $GHTGKWPIUMTKGI +VCNKGP 5V /CWTKVKWU WPF .C\CTWU 1TFGP 4KVVGTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV 4WUUKUEJGU 4GKEJ 5V 5VCPKUNCWU 1TFGP /QFGNN -TGW\ FGT -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI )QNF GOCKNNKGTV /GFCKNNQPU HGJNGP #P 6TCIGMPQRH <WUCOOGP OKV RCUUGPFGT (GNUEJPCNNG GKP\GNPG (GNFUEJPCNNG FGU 5EJYGTVQTFGPU WPF -PQRHNQEJUEJNGKHEJGP OKV XKGT 1TFGPUD·PFEJGP UQYKG GKPG #PUVGEMPCFGN GOCKNNKGTV 5VÒEM ++
&KG ITQG 1TFGPUUEJPCNNG FKGUGU 6T·IGTU DKGVGP YKT WPVGT FGT -CV 0T CP
ex 844 (1:1) 845
-QPXQNWV XQP EC /KPKCVWTGP XQP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP +P XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNNGP CWEJ )QNF QFGT 5KNDGT VGKNU XGTIQNFGV VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU GOCKNNKGTV CP $·PFEJGP ITÌVGPVGKNU CP /KPKCVWTGP- UEJPCNNGP CWEJ WPXQNNUV·PFKI FC\W XKGT YGKVGTG /KPKCVWTGP XQP HKPPKUEJGP WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP UQYKG -PQRHNQEJUEJNGKHG FGU 9CUCQTFGPU OKV #WHNCIG 4QUGVVG FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP WPF 5EJPCNNG OKV FTGK 5VGTPGP KP FWTEJYGI QTFGPVNKEJGP 'TJCNVWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 0QTFUVGTPQTFGP =-WPINKIC 0QTFUVL·TPGQTFGP? $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT -NCUUG #WUICDG OKV DTKNNCPVKGTVGP -TGW\CTOGP ITÌGTG #WUHÒJTWPI CD EC Z OO 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV CP 0CFGN KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIU GVWK FGT (KTOC % ( %CTNOCP KP 5VQEMJQNO <- ++
846
-#0610 6'55+0
220
5%*9'+<
8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG 8KTVWVK GV 5EKGPVKCG FGU 5GOKPCTU 5V -CTN $QTTQOCGWU FGT &KÌ\GUG XQP .WICPQ 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GT 5KNDGTRWP\G WPF /CKN·PFGT 5VCFVRWP\G DKU CO $CPF 4 ++
SERBIEN UND JUGOSLAWIEN
847
5'4$+'0 70& ,7)15.#9+'0 (ª456'067/ 70& -¤0+)4'+%* 5'4$+'0
1TFGP XQO 9GKGP #FNGT =Îðäåí Áåëîã 1ðëà] /QFGNN CWH FGO 4GXGTU ,CJTGU\CJN &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGEJKRU CWH GKPGT -TQPGPRGPFKNKG CO CNVGP NCPIGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG <- ++ .CWV %CT WPF /WJKi KP %#/ 5 JCPFGNV GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC )GQTI #FCO 5EJGKF KP 9KGP
)GUVKHVGV XQP -ÌPKI /KNCP +8 1DTGPQYKVUEJ CO ,CPWCT RGT )GUGV\ 7PVGT -ÌPKI 2GVGT + -CTCIGQTIG YKVUEJ YWTFG FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGU 1TFGPU\GKEJGPU FWTEJ #WUVCWUEJ FGU 5VKHVGTOQPQITCOOU OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN XGT·PFGTV &KG OKNKV·TKUEJG #DVGKNWPI OKV 5EJYGTVGTP YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI 2GVGT + -CTCIGQTIGYKVUEJ GTUV CO /CK Y·JTGPF FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU GKPIGHÒJTV
848
849
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC [1pääí %âeòQã %aâe] /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO TQVGP )G YCPF CWH FGO 4GXGTU -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI NCWV %CT WPF /WJKi KP %#/ 5 IGO· FGO $KNFPKU FGU *GKNKIGP FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP PKEJV MQTTGMVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF <- ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI /KNCP + 1DTGPQYKVUEJ CO ,CPWCT IGUVKHVGV GTUGV\VG -ÌPKI 2GVGT + -CTCIGQTIGYKVUEJ FCU /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI /KNCPU CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FWTEJ FCU 5VKHVWPIULCJT YWTFG FKG (CTDG FGU /CPVGNU FGU JN 5CXC KO 8QTFGTUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP XQP 4QV KP )TÒP IG·PFGTV &GT 1TFGP YWTFG CWEJ PCEJ FGT )TÒPFWPI FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU FGT 5GTDGP -TQCVGP WPF 5NQYGPGP WPF PCEJ FGUUGP 7ODGPGPPWPI KP ,WIQUNCYKGP QHHK\KGNNG DKU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG YGKVGT XGTNKGJGP -ÌPKI 2GVGT ++ XGTNKGJ KJP CNU *CWUQTFGP CWEJ KO 'ZKN YGKVGT
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC [1pääí %âeòQã %aâe] /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO TQVGP )G YCPF CWH FGO 4GXGTU -TGW\ 8 -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI NCWV %CT WPF /WJKi KP %#/ 5 IGO· FGO $KNFPKU FGU *GKNKIGP FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV FKG -ÒIGNEJGP CP FTGK -TGW\CTOURKV\GP XGTDQIGP OKP 'OCKNNGCDURNKVVGTWPIGP CO UR·VGTGP $TWUVDCPF <- ++ +++
221
SERBIEN UND JUGOSLAWIEN
851 850
-¤0+)4'+%* &'4 5'4$'0 -41#6'0 70& 5.19'0'0 $<9 -¤0+)4'+%* ,7)15.#9+'0
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC [1pääí %âeòQã %aâe] /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )G YCPF CWH FGO 4GXGTU UGKV -NGKPQF \WT -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI NCWV %CT WPF /WJKi KP %#/ 5 IGO· FGO $KNFPKU FGU *GKNKIGP FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV QTKIKPCNGO IGVTCIGPGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF QJPG $TWUVUVGTP <- ++
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC [1pääí %âeòQã %aâe] /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )GYCPF CWH FGO 4GXGTU UGKV $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI NCWV %CT WPF /WJKi
KP %#/ 5 IGO· FGO $KNFPKU FGU *GKNKIGP FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN <- ++
853 852
854
1TFGP FGU JGKNKIGP 5CXC [1pääí %âeòQã %aâe] /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI FGT *GKNKIG KO ITÒPGP )G YCPF CWH FGO 4GXGTU UGKV -TGW\ -NCUUG #PHGTVKIWPI NCWV %CT WPF /WJKi KP %#/ 5 IGO· FGO $KNFPKU FGU *GKNKIGP FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU KP .G .QENG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEM VGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC *WIWGPKP (T½TGU <- ++
1TFGP FGT ,WIQUNCYKUEJGP -TQPG [Oðäåí ßó³îñëîâåíñêå Êðóíå] $TWUVUVGTP \WT + -NCUUG &WTEJ OGUUGT OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP %JKR KP GKPGO 5VTCJN #WHNCIG NQEMGT GKPG 0KGVG CWUIGDTQEJGP CP 0CFGN <- ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO #RTKN XQP -ÌPKI #NGZCPFGT + IGUVKHVGV WPF DKU \WO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG KP ,WIQUNCYKGP XGTNKGJGP
222
1TFGP FGT ,WIQUNCYKUEJGP -TQPG [Oðäåí ßó³îñëîâåíñêå Êðóíå] -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP %JKR KP GKPGO 5VTCJN CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF <- ++
SPANIEN
855 (1:1)
(¤&'4#.+56+5%*' 81.-54'27$.+- ,7)15.#9+'0
1TFGP FGU 2CTVKUCPGPUVGTP =1TFGP RCTVK\CPUMG \XG\FG? 1TFGP FGU 2CTVKUCPGPUVGTPU OKV )QNFGPGO -TCP\ =1TFGP RCTVK\CPUMG \XG\FG UC \NCVPKO XGPEGO? 5VWHG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 5VWHGPDG\GKEJPWPI KP UGTDKUEJGT 5RTCEJG WPF 6T·IGTPWOOGT OKV 7PVGTNCIUEJGKDGP WPF 5EJTCWDTKGIGN <- + ++
857 856
52#0+'0
(ª0(6'5 -¤0+)4'+%*
-ÌPKINKEJGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN *GTOGPGIKNFQ =4GCN [ /KNKVCT 1TFGP FG 5CP *GT- OGPGIKNFQ? /QFGNN WPF $TWUVUVGTP FGT -NCUUG 2NCEC GPVURTKEJV FGT )TQ- QHHK\KGTU -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV /GFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV GKPG 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPI KP GKPGO .QTDGGTDN·VVEJGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ) ;TCDWTQ CP 0CFGN FKGUG GDGPUQ YKG FGT 0CFGNJCMGP OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ 5VGTP WPF -TGW\ /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO 0QXGODGT XQP -ÌPKI (GTFKPCPF 8++ IGUVKHVGV FCU 4GIQNCOGPVQ FCVKGTV XQO ,WNK /KV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO ,CPWCT GTJKGNV FCU $CPF PGWG (CTDGP WPF PQEJ GKPOCN FWTEJ -ÌPKI #NHQPU :++
OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO ,WPK /QFGNN &KG <YGKVG 4GRWDNKM ÒDGTPCJO KO *GTDUV FGP 1TFGP GTUGV\VG LGFQEJ FKG -ÌPKIUMTQPG FWTEJ GKPG /CWGTMTQPG WPF GPVHGTPVG FCU 5VKHVGTOQPQITCOO CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU /GFCKNNQPU /QFGNN 5VCCVUEJGH )GPGTCN (TCPEKUEQ (TCPEQ [ $CJCOQPFG ÒDGTPCJO FGP 1TFGP \WP·EJUV OKV FGT UQIGPCPPVGP KORGTKCNGP -TQPG FGT MCVJQNKUEJGP -ÌPKIG GTUGV\VG FKGU LGFQEJ OKV &GMTGV XQO /CK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $1' 0T XQO ,WPK FWTEJ FKG WTURTÒPINKEJG -ÌPKIUMTQPG /KV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO (GDTWCT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP $1' 0T XQO (GDTWCT HÒIVG -ÌPKI ,WCP %CTNQU + WPVGTJCND FGU 5VGTPU =2NCEC? GKPG -QOOCPFGWTUMNCUUG GKP 0GWG 5VCVWVGP YWTFGP UEJNKGNKEJ OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO ,WPK GTNCUUGP
&4+66'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 4')+'470) +5#$'..#5 ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN *GTOGPGIKNFQ =4GCN [ /KNKVCT 1TFGP FG 5CP *GT- OGPGIKNFQ? /QFGNN WPF 4KVVGTMTGW\ &WTEJOGUUGT OO 1TKIKPCNITÌG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV UVCTMG 'OCKNNGUEJ·FGP CO MCPPGNKGTVGP $CPFTKPI QJPG $CPF <- +++ +8
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG WPF QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
223
SPANIEN
858
(ª0(6'5 -¤0+)4'+%*
-ÌPKINKEJ #OGTKMCPKUEJGT 1TFGP +UCDGNNCU FGT -CVJQNKUEJGP =4GCN 1TFGP #OGTKECPC FG +UCDGN NC %CVQNKEC? D\Y -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP +UCDGNNCU FGT -CVJQNKUEJGP =4GCN 1TFGP FGU +UCDGN NC %CVQNKEC? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO (41 QFGT (4 #WUHÒJTWPI OKV /QPQITCOO (4 )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIK PCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC *KLQU FG ,QTFCPC [ #IWKNNQ KP /CFTKF CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC *KLQU FG ,QTFCPC [ #IWKNNQ <- 5VÒEM ++ #PHGTVKIWPI GKPGU UGJT UGNVGP XQTMQOOGPFGP *GTUVGNNGTU CWU FGT \YGKVGP &GMCFG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU
859 860
-ÌPKINKEJ #OGTKMCPKUEJGT 1TFGP +UCDGNNCU FGT -CVJQNKUEJGP =4GCN 1TFGP #OGTKECPC FG +UCDGN NC %CVQNKEC? D\Y -ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP +UCDGNNCU FGT -CVJQNKUEJGP =4GCN 1TFGP FGU +UCDGN NC %CVQNKEC? /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO (41 QFGT (4 #WUHÒJTWPI OKV /QPQITCOO (4 -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP KO XQTFGT WPF TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI QJPG *CNUDCPF <- ++
*GTXQTTCIGPFG #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV·V CWU FGO NGV\VGP 8KGTVGN FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU
224
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FG /GTKVQ /KNKVCT? /QFGNN OKV $QWTDQPGPYCRRGP KO <GPVTWO YGKG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUV KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTICPIGP WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO 1TKIKPCNDCPF OKV OGVCNNGPGT 'KPUVGEMNCUEJG $9- ++
SPANIEN )GUVKHVGV XQP -ÌPKIKP +UCDGNNC ++ OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO #WIWUV KP XKGT -NCUUGP )TQ- MTGW\ -NCUUG IGUVKHVGV /QFGNN 'TYGKVGTWPIGP GTHQNIVGP FWTEJ &GMTGV FGU /CTKPGOKPKUVGTKWOU FGT 2TQXKUQTKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI XQO /·T\ /QFGNN /KV 8GTQTFPWPI 'TUVGP 4GRWDNKM YWTFGP CNNG OQPCTEJKUEJGP 5[ODQNG CWU FGP &GMQTCVKQPGP GPVHGTPV /QFGNN 0CEJ UGKPGT 6JTQPDGUVGKIWPI CO &G\GODGT PCJO -ÌPKI #NHQPU :++ FKG 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGU 1TFGPU KP FGT (QTO XQP YKGFGT CWH /QFGNN 9GKVGTG 8GT·PFGTWPIGP GTHQNIVGP OKV -ÌPKINKEJGT 8GTQTFPWPIGP XQO #RTKN XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT )CEGVC FG /CFTKF XQO #RTKN -ÌPKI #NHQPU :+++ TGQTICPKUKGTVG FGP 1TFGP OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO /·T\ YQFWTEJ FKG $KEQNQT #DVGKNWPI GKPIGHÒJTV YWTFG /QFGNN 9·JTGPF FGT <YGKVGP 4GRWDNKM YWTFGP YKGFGT CNNG OQPCTEJKUEJGP 5[ODQNG GPVHGTPV WPF FCU $CPF IG·PFGTV /QFGNN )GPGTCN (TCPEKUEQ (TCPEQ [ $CJCOQPFG ÒDGTPCJO OKV 8GTQTFPWPI XQO #WIWUV XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP $1' XQO #WIWUV FGP 1TFGP WPF RNCV\KGTVG ÒDGT FGO -TGW\ FKG UQIGP KORGTKCNG -TQPG FGT MCVJQNKUEJGP -ÌPKIG /QFGNN /KV &GMTGV XQO /·T\ XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP $1' 0T XQO /CK GTJKGNVGP FKG +PUKIPKGP YKGFGT GKPG -ÌPKIUMTQPG WPF FGT 1TFGP GKP PGWGU 4GINCOGPVQ /QFGNN 5GKVJGT DGUVGJV GT CWU )TQMTGW\ -TGW\ -NCUUG $TWUVUVGTP -TGW\ DKU -NCUUG -TGW\G CO $CPF
861
862
863
/CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ 0CXCN? /QFGNN YGKG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GT- FKGPUV KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP 5VGTP -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV FWTEJDTQEJGP IGCTDGKVGV XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV FGT #PMGT IGNQEMGTV WPF OKV OKP 'OCKNNG #WUDTWEJ CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJ PWPI FGT (KTOC , /GFKPC KP $CTEGNQPC CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP &GT $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG WPF FGT 5VGTP FGT -NCUUG WPVGTUEJGKFGP UKEJ PWT FWTEJ FKG (CTDG FGU /GVCNNRN·VVEJGPU CWH FGO QDGTGP -TGW\CTO FCU DGKO GTUVGTGP UKNDGTHCTDGP WPF DGKO NGV\VGTGP IQNFHCTDGP KUV
/CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ 0CXCN? /QFGNN YGKG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GT- FKGPUV KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP 5VGTP -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
/CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ 0CXCN? /QFGNN YGKG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GT- FKGPUV KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP 5VGTP -NCUUG HÒT 2GPUKQPUDGTGEJVKIVG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV FWTEJDTQEJGP IGCT- DGKVGV XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ,QU¾ (GTPCPFG\ /CLQT KP /CFTKF CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP &GT $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG WPF FGT 5VGTP FGT -NCUUG WPVGTUEJGKFGP UKEJ PWT FWTEJ FKG (CTDG FGU /GVCNNRN·VVEJGPU CWH FGO QDGTGP -TGW\CTO FCU DGKO GTUVGTGP UKNDGTHCTDGP WPF DGKO NGV\VGTGP IQNFHCTDGP KUV &KG +PUKIPKGP HÒT 2GPUKQPUDGTGEJVKIVG OKV 5VTGKHGP CWH FGP -TGW\CTOGP UKPF YGKVCWU UGNVGPGT \W HKPFGP CNU FKG PQTOCNGP 'ZGORNCTG
225
SPANIEN
864
/CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ 0CXCN? /QFGNN TQVG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUV KP -TKGIU\GKVGP )TQMTGW\ 5GV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 'VKMGVVTGUVG OKV QTKIKPCNGO CNVGP \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV #WHNCIGP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV -TQPG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 'VKMGVVTGUVG CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC /GFKPC KP $CTEGNQPC WPF /CFTKF OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO -ÌPKI #NHQPU :+++ OKV UEJCFJCHVGP 5EJCTPKGTGP <- 5VÒEM ++
5GNVGPGT 5GV KP GKPGT #PHGTVKIWPI WO &GT $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG WPF FGT 5VGTP FGT -NCUUG WPVGTUEJGKFGP UKEJ PWT FWTEJ FKG (CTDG FGU /GVCNNRN·VVEJGPU CWH FGO QDGTGP -TGW\CTO FCU DGKO GTUVGTGP UKNDGTHCTDGP WPF DGKO NGV\VGTGP IQNFHCTDGP KUV +P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIRQUKVKQP YKTF FKG FC\WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
865
/CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ 0CXCN? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQMTGW\ TQVG #DVGK- NWPI HÒT FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -QPVGT #FOKTCN ,WNGU 'OKNG *CNNKGT FCVKGTV /CFTKF CO 1MVQDGT OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 5VGORGN 7PVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI #NHQPU :+++ OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV 4 ++ &KG FC\WIGJÌTKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP ,WNGU 'OKNG *CNNKGT YCT UR·VGT 8K\G #FOKTCN WPF /CTKPG 2T·HGMV 'KPG YGKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT ,WNGU 'OKNG *CNNKGT UKGJG -CV 0T
226
SPANIEN
867 866
868
<KXKNGT 1TFGP #NHQPU :++ =1TFGP %KXKN #NHQPUQ :++ ? /QFGNN OKV GOCKNNKGTVGP 5VTCJNGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ QFGT \WO -QOOCPFGWT XQP 0WOOGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++
+P FGT -NCUUG FGT -QOOCPFGWTG XQP 0WOOGT YWTFG WPF YKTF FGT $TWUVUVGTP QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVFGMQTCVKQP XGTNKGJGP WPF IGVTCIGP .CWV %GDCNNQU 'UECNGTC [ )KNC W Y FG %GDCNNQU 'UECNGTC [ )KNC /CTSW¾U FG NC (NQTGUVC #NHQPUQ %WPKNNGTC (GTP±PFG\ WPF FG %GDCNNQU 'UECNGTC [ )KNC .WKU .C 1TFGP %KXKN FGU #NHQPUQ :++ 'FWECEKÉP [ %WNVWTC GP 'URCÇC FWTCPVG GN RTKOGT VGTEKQ FGN UKINQ :: /CFTKF UKPF \YKUEJGP FGO ,WPK WPF FGO #RTKN KPUIGUCOV )TQMTGW\G WPF -QOOCPFGWTG XQP 0WOOGT XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP
&GT XKGTMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ -QOOCPFGWT XQP 0WOOGT -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG -WNVWT DGPCPPV PCEJ -ÌPKI #NHQPU :++ FGO 8CVGT FGU 5VKHVGTU YWTFG OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO /CK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT )CEGVC FG /CFTKF 0T XQO ,WPK XQP -ÌPKI #NHQPU :+++ WPF FGO /KPKUVGTKWO HÒT 8QNMUGT\KGJWPI WPF FKG 5EJÌPGP -ÒPUVG WPVGTUVGNNV &KG 5VCVWVGP YWTFGP OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO /CK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT )CEGVC FG /CFTKF 0T XQO ,WNK GTNCUUGP <WP·EJUV GPVURTCEJ FGT 5VGTP FGU -QOOCPFGWTU XQP 0WOOGT FGT UVGVU CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVFGMQTCVKQP IGVTCIGP YWTFG KP (QTO )GUVCNVWPI WPF )TÌG FGO FGU )TQMTGW\GU <W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV YWTFG FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGU 5VGTPU FGU -QOOCPFGWTU XQP 0WOOGT YGUGPVNKEJ XGT·PFGTV &KG XKQNGVV GOCKNNKGTVGP 5VTCJNGP XKGNGP YGI WPF FKG IQNFHCTDGPGP 5VTCJNGP FGT 5QPPG YWTFGP XGTN·PIGTV ņ /QFGNN 0CEJ #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM YWTFG FGT 1TFGP OKV &GMTGV XQO ,WNK CDIGUEJCHHV
<KXKNGT 1TFGP #NHQPU :++ =1TFGP %KXKN #NHQPUQ :++ ? /QFGNN OKV GOCKNNKGTVGP 5VTCJNGP -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ #WUHÒJTWPI OKV -TQPGPÒDGTJÌJWPI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGURTÒPIG KP \YGK #TOGP QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF 4 ++
.CWV %GDCNNQU 'UECNGTC [ )KNC W Y FG %GDCNNQU 'UECNGTC [ )KNC /CTSW¾U FG NC (NQTGUVC #NHQPUQ %WPKNNGTC (GTP±PFG\ WPF FG %GDCNNQU 'UECNGTC [ )KNC .WKU .C 1TFGP %KXKN FGU #NHQPUQ :++ 'FWECEKÉP [ %WNVWTC GP 'URCÇC FWTCPVG GN RTKOGT VGTEKQ FGN UKINQ :: /CFTKF UKPF \YKUEJGP FGO ,WPK WPF FGO #RTKN KPUIGUCOV )TQMTGW\G WPF -QOOCPFGWTG XQP 0WOOGT XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP
<KXKNGT 1TFGP #NHQPU :++ =1TFGP %KXKN #NHQPUQ :++ ? /QFGNN OKV GOCKNNKGTVGP 5VTCJNGP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ =EQOGPFCFQT QTFKPCTKQ? UKE 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO OKP CP GKPGO 5EJCTPKGT DGUEJ·FKIVGP QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC %GLCNXQ KP /CFTKF <- JKGT CNU 1HHK\KGTUMTGW\ DG\GKEJPGV ++ +P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIRQUKVKQP YKTF FKG FC\WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
.CWV FGP XQP %GDCNNQU 'UECNGTC [ )KNC W Y FG %GDCNNQU 'UECNGTC [ )KNC /CTSW¾U FG NC (NQTGUVC #NHQPUQ %WPKNNGTC (GTP±PFG\ WPF FG %GDCNNQU 'UECNGTC [ )KNC .WKU .C 1TFGP %KXKN FGU #NHQPUQ :++ 'FWECEKÉP [ %WNVWTC GP 'URCÇC FWTCPVG GN RTKOGT VGTEKQ FGN UKINQ :: /CFTKF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJVGP 5VCVWVGP YWTFG FCU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ =EQOGPFCFQT QTFKPCTKQ? PKEJV CO *CNUDCPF UQPFGTP CP GKPGO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG IGVTCIGP .CWV FKGUGP #WVQTGP UKPF \YKUEJGP FGO ,WNK WPF FGO /·T\ XQP FKGUGT 5VWHG KPUIGUCOV 5VÒEM XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP
227
SPANIEN
870
871
ex 869 872
<KXKNGT 1TFGP #NHQPU :++ =1TFGP %KXKN #NHQPUQ :++ ? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT &QP *GPT[ $GTPCTF FCVKGTV /CFTKF CO 0QXGODGT OKV 5VGORGN 7PVGTUEJTKHV -ÌPKI #NHQPU :+++ OKV 5VGORGN OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV MNGKPG 'KPTKUUG CP FGP -PKEMT·PFGTP WPF MTGW\WPIGP <WUCOOGP OKV ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV 5VÒEM +++ &KG FC\WIGJÌTKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP
*GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF YCT W C 2TQVQMQNN &KTGMVQT FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #WGPOKPKUVGTKWOU WPF UR·VGT &KTGMVQT FGU $WTGCW F #FOKPKUVTCVKQP FGU 0¾GTNCPFCKU KP 6QWNQWUG 9GKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP HÒT *GPT[ $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF UKGJG -CV 0T WPF
/CTQMMCPKUEJG (TKGFGPUOGFCKNNG =/GFCNNC 2C\ FG /CTTWGEQU ? 5KNDGT CO $CPF FKGUGU QJPG /CTQMMQ 5VGTP 2) 54 ++
'TKPPGTWPIUMTGW\ \WO 'KPJWPFGTVUVGP ,CJTGUVCI FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 5CP /CTEKCN 5KNDGT- PGU -TGW\ 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG 2) C 4 ++
<KXKNGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG .CPFYKTVUEJCHV =1TFGP %KXKN FGN /¾TKVQ #ITÃEQNC? /QFGNN
OKV -TQPG LGFQEJ OKV NGGTGO DNCWGP *GT\HGNF KO 9CRRGP $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT XQP 0WOOGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGURTÒPIG CP GVYCU XGTDQIGPGT 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 444 ++
0CEJ FGT #WUTWHWPI FGT <YGKVGP 5RCPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM CO #RTKN YWTFG GKP 6GKN FGT OQPCTEJKUEJGP 1TFGP PQEJ YGKVGT XGTNKGJGP LGFQEJ YWTFGP FKG CWHIGNGIVGP 9CRRGP FCJKPIGJGPF XGT·PFGTV FC FCU *GT\UEJKNF OKV FGO $QWTDQPGPYCRRGP FWTEJ GKP NGGTGU DNCW GOCKNNKGTVGU GTUGV\V YWTFG /KV &GMTGV XQO 5GRVGODGT
XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT )CEGVC FG /CFTKF 0T XQO 5GRVGODGT XGTHÒIVG FKG TGRWDNKMCPKUEJG 4GIKGTWPI LGFQEJ FKG #WHJGDWPI FGU 1TFGPU 5QOKV KUV FKGUGT $TWUVUVGTP XQP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV FC GT UQ PWT YGPKIG /QPCVG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV
228
SPANIEN
873
875
ex 874
-ÌPKINKEJGT WPF 5GJT 8GTFKGPUVXQNNGT 5RCPKUEJGT 1TFGP -CTNU +++ =4GCN [ /W[ &KUVKPIWKFC 1TFGP 'URCÇQNC FG %CTNQU +++ ? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI OKV YGKGO 4GXGTUOG- FCKNNQP +PPGPHGNF 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK GKP -ÒIGNEJGP GKPGT -TGW\CTOURKV\G OKP XGTDQIGP CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF <- ++
/WVOCNKEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGO GTUVGP &TKVVGN FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU
52#0+5%*'4 56##6 4')+'470) 810 (4#0%+5%1 (4#0%1
-ÌPKINKEJGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN *GTOGPGIKNFQ =4GCN [ /KNKVCT 1TFGP FG 5CP *GT- OGPGIKNFQ? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- 5VÒEM 4 ++
#WHITWPF FGT PWT L·JTKIGP 8GTNGKJWPIU\GKV PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP &KG )TQMTGW\UVGTPG WPVGTUEJGKFGP UKEJ XQP FGP 5VGTPGP FGT \YGKVGP -NCUUG FCFWTEJ FC DGK GTUVGTGP ÒDGT FGO /GFCKNNQP GKPG -TQPG CPIGDTCEJV KUV
-ÌPKINKEJGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN *GTOGPGIKNFQ =4GCN [ /KNKVCT 1TFGP FG 5CP *GT- OGPGIKNFQ? /QFGNN UGKV $TWUVUVGTP FGT -NCUUG 2NCEC GPVURTKEJV FGT )TQQHHK\KGTU -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
876
877
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ /KNKVCT? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG TQVG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG KP -TKGIU\GKVGP 5VGTP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG \YGK RWP\GP CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++
+P 5KNDGT PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP +P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP &GT $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG WPF FGT 5VGTP FGT -NCUUG WPVGTUEJGKFGP UKEJ PWT FWTEJ FKG (CTDG FGU /GVCNNRN·VVEJGPU CWH FGO QDGTGP -TGW\CTO FCU DGKO GTUVGTGP UKNDGTHCTDGP WPF DGKO NGV\VGTGP IQNFHCTDGP KUV
/CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ 0CXCN? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG YGKG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUV KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP 5VGTP \WT -NCUUG )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT DTKNNCP- VKGTV FWTEJDTQEJGP IGCTDGKVGV XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP XGT\KGTVGT 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGT JCMGP <- ++
&GT $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG WPF FGT 5VGTP FGT -NCUUG WPVGTUEJGKFGP UKEJ PWT FWTEJ FKG (CTDG FGU /GVCNNRN·VVEJGPU CWH FGO QDGTGP -TGW\CTO FCU DGKO GTUVGTGP UKNDGTHCTDGP WPF DGKO NGV\VGTGP IQNFHCTDGP KUV
229
SPANIEN
878
/CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ 0CXCN? /QFGNN OKV UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG YGKG #DVGKNWPI HÒT 8GTFKGPUV KP (TKGFGPU\GKVGP 5VGTP -NCUUG $TQP\G FWTEJDTQEJGP IGCTDGKVGV XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV VNY XGTUKNDGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP &GT $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG WPF FGT 5VGTP FGT -NCUUG WPVGTUEJGKFGP UKEJ PWT FWTEJ FKG (CTDG FGU /GVCNNRN·VVEJGPU CWH FGO QDGTGP -TGW\CTO FCU DGKO GTUVGTGP UKNDGTHCTDGP WPF DGKO NGV\VGTGP IQNFHCTDGP KUV
879
<KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /GTKVQ %KXKN? /QFGNN OKV QHHGPGT UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG EC )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT VNY DTKNNCPVKGTV XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV OGVCNNGPGO 5VCCVUYCRRGP DGNGIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC %GLCNXQ KP /CFTKF <- 5VÒEM ++ &GT \WP·EJUV HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ -QOOCPFGWT XQP 0WOOGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT CNNIGOGKPG \KXKNG 8GTFKGPUVG WO 5RCPKGP OKV CHHKNKKGTVGO 5KNDGTPGP -TGW\ YWTFG OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV #NHQPU :+++ XQO ,WPK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT )CEGVC FG /CFTKF 0T XQO ,WPK IGUVKHVGV &KG GTUVGP 5VCVWVGP YWTFGP OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T XQO /CK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT )CEGVC FG /CFTKF 0T XQO INGKEJGP 6CI GTNCUUGP /KV MÌPKINKEJGO <KTMWNCT $GHGJN 0T XQO /CK
XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT )CEGVC FG /CFTKF 0T XQO /CK YWTFGP FKG 5VCVWVGP PQEJ GKPOCN XGTMÒPFGV <W GKPGO DKUJGT PKEJV DGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV \YKUEJGP WPF YWTFGP FKG (NCOOGP \YKUEJGP FGP #TOGP FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU FWTEJ DTKNNCPVKGTVG 5VTCJNGP GTUGV\V /QFGNN /KV &GMTGV FGU 5VCCVUOKPKUVGTKWOU XQO ,WNK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KP FGT )CEGVC FG /CFTKF 0T XQO ,WNK YWTFGP CNNG XQO 5VCCVUOKPKUVGTKWO CDJ·PIKIGP 1TFGP CWGT FGO 1TFGP +UCDGNNCU FGT -CVJQNKUEJGP CNUQ CWEJ FGT <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP CDIGUEJCHHV /KV &GMTGV XQO 0QXGODGT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $1' 0T XQO 0QXGODGT UVGNNVG 5VCCVUEJGH (TCPEKUEQ (TCPEQ [ $CJCOQPFG FGP 1TFGP YKGFGT JGT UGV\VG LGFQEJ CP 5VGNNG FGT DKUJGTKIGP -ÌPKIUMTQPG FKG QHHGPG UQIGPCPPVG KORGTKCNG -TQPG FGT MCVJQNKUEJGP -ÌPKIG /QFGNN &KG PGWGP 1TFGPUUVCVWVGP YWTFGP OKV &GMTGV XQO (GDTWCT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $1' 0T XQO (GDTWCT GTNCUUGP WPF OKV &GMTGV XQO ,WNK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $1' 0T XQO #WIWUV IG·PFGTV YQDGK W C GKPG -QNNCPGPMNCUUG GKPIGHÒJTV YWTFG 0CEJ FGO 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV -ÌPKI ,WCP %CTNQU + CO 0QXGODGT YWTFG \W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV FKG UQIGP KORGTKCNG -TQPG YKGFGT FWTEJ FKG -ÌPKIUMTQPG CWUIGVCWUEJV /QFGNN /KV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T XQO 0QXGODGT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $1' 0T XQO 0QXGODGT YWTFG FGT 1TFGP FGT 8GTYCNVWPI FGU /KPKUVGTKWOU HÒT FKG #WUY·TVKIGP #PIGNGIGPJGKV WPVGTUVGNNV WPF PGWG 5VCVWVGP GTNCUUGP
230
SPANIEN
880 (1:1)
<KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /GTKVQ %KXKN? /QFGNN OKV QHHGPGT UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG EC $TWUVUVGTP \WO -QOOCPFGWT XQP 0WOOGT 9GK WPF )GNDIQNF IGRTÒHV FGT /GFCKN- NQPTKPI DGUGV\V OKV EC $TKNNCPVGP CWH 'EJVJGKV IGRTÒHV I CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGT- JCMGP 444 + ++ 'ZGORNCT XQP CWGTIGYÌJPNKEJGT NWZWTKÌUGT *GTUVGNNWPIUSWCNKV·V KEJ GEJVGO 9GK WPF )GNDIQNF DGUGV\V OKV $TKNNCPVGP +P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG WPF YKTF FGT $TWUVUVGTP QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVFGMQTCVKQP XGTNKGJGP WPF IGVTCIGP
881 883
882
<KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /GTKVQ %KXKN? /QFGNN OKV QHHGPGT UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG EC /KPKCVWT GKPGU $TWUVUVGTPU \WO -QOOCPFGWT XQP 0WOOGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV DGUGV\V OKV XKGT $TKNNCPVGP CWH 'EJVJGKV IGRTÒHV CO $GHGUVKIWPIUTKPI HÒT FCU -PQRHNQEJ KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC %±PFKFQ ,QTFCPC KP /CFTKF ++
<KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP FGN /GTKVQ %KXKN? /QFGNN OKV QHHGPGT UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG EC -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV OGVCNNGPGO 5VCCVUYCRRGP DGNGIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC %GLCNXQ KP /CFTKF <- ++
<KXKNGT 1TFGP #NHQPU : FGU 9GKUGP =1TFGP %KXKN FG #NHQPUQ : GN 5CDKQ? )TQMTGW\UGV =)TCP %TW\? DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV /GFCKNNQP WO u KO 7JT\GKIGTUKPP XGTFTGJV TÒEMUGKVKIG /GFCKNNQP #DFGEMWPI HGJNV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- 5VÒEM ++
231
SPANIEN
884 885
<KXKNGT 1TFGP #NHQPU : FGU 9GKUGP =1TFGP %KXKN FG #NHQPUQ : GN 5CDKQ? -QOOCPFGWTUUGV =%QOGPFCFQT EQP 2NCEC? OKV 5VGTP DGUVGJGPF CWU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG \YGK 2WP\GP GKPG FCXQP /CFTKFGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK <- 5VÒEM ++
%KUPGTQU 1TFGP =1TFGP FG %KUPGTQU? -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ =)TCP %TW\? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF <- ++
886
887
1TFGP FGU -TGW\GU FGU JN 4CKOWPFQ XQP 2GÇCHQTV =1TFGT FG NC %TW\ FG 5CP 4CKOWPFQ FG 2GÇC- HQTV? )TQMTGW\UGV UGKV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- 5VÒEM ++
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 6GNGMQOOWPKMCVKQP =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ FG 6GNGEQOOWPKECEKÉPGU? $TWUVUVGTP =2NCEC? 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 4 ++
+P FKGUGT FGO -QOOCPFGWT XQP 0WOOGT GPVURTGEJGPFGP -NCUUG YWTFG WPF YKTF FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
&GT XKGTMNCUUKIG =)TQUVGTP 5VGTP )QNFGPG WPF 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG? 1TFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO /CK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $QNGVÃP 1HKEKCN FGN 'UVCFQ $1' 0T XQO #WIWUV IGUVKHVGV &KG 5VCVWVGP FCVKGTGP XQO ,WNK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $1' XQO #WIWUV 'T YKTF XQO /KPKUVGTKWO HÒT ÌHHGPVNKEJG #TDGKVGP WPF 6TCPURQTV XGTYCNVGV 0CEJ 9KGFGTGTTKEJVWPI FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU YWTFG FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP PKEJV XGT·PFGTV /KV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T XQO ,WPK D\Y OKV MÌPKINKEJGT 8GTQTFPWPI XQO ,WPK XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV KO $1' 0T XQO ,WNK YWTFG FGT 1TFGP WPVGT FGT PGWGP $G\GKEJPWPI <KXKNGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 6GNGMQOOWPKMCVKQP =1TFGP %KXKN FGN /¾TKVQ FG 6GNGEQOOWPKECEKÉPGU? TGQTICPKUKGTV
232
SPANIEN
889
888
890
/GFCKNNG HÒT )GYGTMUEJCHVU 8GTFKGPUVG =/GFCNNC CN /GTKVQ 5KPFKECN? 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO ITÒPGP $TWUVDCPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG 2) C ++
5'%*56'5 -¤0+)4'+%* 5'+6
<KXKNGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG .CPFYKTVUEJCHV =1TFGP %KXKN FGN /¾TKVQ #ITÃEQNC? /QFGNN
OKV -TQPG WPF URCPKUEJGO 9CRRGPUEJKNF QJPG $QWTDQPGP .KNKGP -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF 4 ++
-ÌPKINKEJGT WPF /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU JN *GTOGPGIKNFQ =4GCN [ /KNKVCT 1TFGP FG 5CP *GT- OGPGIKNFQ? /QFGNN UGKV $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP <- ++
0KEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP &KG )TQMTGW\UVGTPG WPVGTUEJGKFGP UKEJ XQP FGP 5VGTPGP FGT \YGKVGP -NCUUG FCFWTEJ FC DGK GTUVGTGP ÒDGT FGO /GFCKNNQP GKPG -TQPG CPIGDTCEJV KUV
891 892 893
4+66'414&'0 70& #&'.5-10)4')#6+10'0
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP XQP %CNCVTCXC =1TFGP /KNKVCT FG %CNCVTCXC? $TWUVFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QDGTHN·EJNKEJGT 'OCKNNGEJKR CO CNVGP &TGKGEMUDCPF ++
1TFGP FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP 5RCPKUEJGP *QURKVCNTKVVGT FGU JN ,QJCPPGU FGU 6·WHGTU =1TFGP FG NQU 4GCNGU %CDCNNGTQU *QURGVCNKGTQU 'URCÇQNGU FG 5CP ,WCP $CWVKUVC? /QFGNN QJPG /GFCKNNQP -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV QDGTHN·EJNKEJG 'OCKNNGEJKRU CWH #XGTU WPF 4GXGTU CO CNVGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++
1TFGP FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP 5RCPKUEJGP *QURKVCNTKVVGT FGU JN ,QJCPPGU FGU 6·WHGTU =1TFGP FG NQU 4GCNGU %CDCNNGTQU *QURGVCNKGTQU 'URCÇQNGU FG 5CP ,WCP $CWVKUVC? /QFGNN OKV ITQGO * KO /G FCKNNQP $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ &WTEJOGUUGT OO $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG 4GRCTCVWTGP KP FGT YGKGP WPF OKP %JKRU KP FGT TQVGP 'OCKNNG 0CFGN HGJNV OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 44 +8
6TQV\ GTJGDNKEJGT 'TJCNVWPIUGKPUEJT·PMWPIGP XQP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV
KP /CFTKF IGITÒPFGV GTJKGNV FGT 1TFGP XQP -ÌPKI #NHQPUQU :++ OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO ,WNK UGKPG #RRTQDCVKQP FKG 5VCVWVGP GTJKGNVGP FKGUG OKV -ÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO /CK #O /CK PCJO FGT -ÌPKI FGP 6KVGN GKPGU )TQRTQVGMVQTU FGU 1TFGPU CP &GT 1TFGP FGT CWEJ XQP FGT 4GIKGTWPI XQP (TCPEKUEQ (TCPEQ [ $CJCOQPFG DGUV·VKIV YWTFG GZKUVKGTV JGWVG PQEJ
233
TSCHECHOSLOWAKEI
894
895
+NNWUVTG WPF 5GJT #NVG $TWFGTUEJCHV FGT /Q\CTCDKUEJGP 4KVVGT XQP 6QNGFQ =+NNWUVTG [ /W[ 8KGLC %QPHTCFGTPKFCF FG NQU %CXCNNGTQU /Q\±TCDQU FG 6QNGFQ? 5GV FGT 4KVVGT FGT $TWFGTUEJCHV DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 5VÒEM ++
#75<'+%*070)'0 70& #$<'+%*'0 81/ 416'0 -4'7<
'JTGP\GKEJGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ =%QPFGEQTCEKQP FG *QPQT FG /¾TKVQ [ %QPUVCPEKC FGN %TW\ 4QLC? /QFGNN OKV QHHGPGT UQIGP KORGTKCNGT -TQPG /GFCKNNG -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP GVYCU XGTHNGEMVGP *CNUDCPF <- ++
896
65%*'%*15.19#-'+ 70& 65%*'%*+5%*' 4'27$.+-
'456' 65%*'%*15.19#-+5%*' 4'27$.+-
234
6UEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO 9GKGP .ÌYGP =CGUMQUNQXGPUMÓ rCF DÃN¾JQ +XC? /QFGNN .ÌYG OKV -TQPG -QOVWT HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNU- DCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO UKNDGTHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC -CTPGV -[UGN[ KP 2TCI <- ++
TSCHECHOSLOWAKEI
897
65%*'%*15.19#-+5%*' 81.-54'27$.+-
6UEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGT 1HHK\KGTUQTFGP ,CP <K\MCU XQP 6TQEJPQXC =CGUMQUNQXGPUMÃ&#x201C; XGNKVGNUMÃ&#x201C; rCF ,CPC ZKzM[ \ 6TQEPQXC? )QNFGPGT 5VGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 5KNDGTRWP\G 5VCFVRWP\G - HÃ&#x2019;T -QĦKEG WPF *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G !<.#%'01 CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG QJPG 7PVGTNCIUEJGKDG <- ++
898
6UEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGT 1HHK\KGTUQTFGP ,CP <K\MCU XQP 6TQEJPQXC =CGUMQUNQXGPUMÃ&#x201C; XGNKVGNUMÃ&#x201C; rCF ,CPC ZKzM[ \ 6TQEPQXC? 5KNDGTPGT 5VGTP 5KNDGT CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG 5KNDGTRWP\G 5VCFVRWP\G - HÃ&#x2019;T -QĦKEG QJPG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 7PVGTNCIUEJGKDG WPF 5EJTCWDUEJGKD <- ++
899
900
6UEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGT 1HHK\KGTUQTFGP ,CP <K\MCU XQP 6TQEJPQXC =CGUMQUNQXGPUMÃ&#x201C; XGNKVGNUMÃ&#x201C; rCF ,CPC ZKzM[ \ 6TQEPQXC? /GFCKNNG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI QJPG $CPFTCJG 5KNDGT QJPG 6T·IGTPWOOGT CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF <- ++
6UEJGEJQUNQYCMKUEJGT 1HHK\KGTUQTFGP ,CP <K\MCU XQP 6TQEJPQXC =CGUMQUNQXGPUMÃ&#x201C; XGNKVGNUMÃ&#x201C; rCF ,CPC ZKzM[ \ 6TQEPQXC? /GFCKNNG #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI QJPG $CPFTCJG 5KNDGT QJPG 6T·IGTPWOOGT CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF <- ++ 235
UNGARN
901
7-4#+0' ':+.#75<'+%*070)'0
1TFGP FGU JN 9NCFKOKT )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF #DUEJPKVV WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN 5VÒEM ++
&KG OWVOCNKEJ XQP FGT /CFTKFGT (KTOC %GLCNXQ JGTIGUVGNNVGP +PUKIPKGP YWTFGP IGHGTVKIV PCEJ FGO 8QTDKNF FGU MTQCVKUEJGP 1TFGPU FGT -TQPG -ÌPKI <XQPKOKTU FGT DKU GZKUVKGTV JCV YGKUGP LGFQEJ KP FGT TÒEMUGKVKIGP +PUEJTKHV FGU 1TFGPUMTGW\GU CWH FKG 7MTCKPG JKP
902 (1:1)
70)#40
6+67.#4 -¤0+)4'+%*
236
7PICTKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =# /CI[CT TFGOTGPF? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ #PHGTVKIWPI FGU 7PICTK- UEJGP *CWRVOÒP\COVGU 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRH- NQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK <- ++
KIRCHENSTAAT
903
904
906
905
-+4%*'056##6 *'+.+)'4 567*. 70& 8#6+-#056##6
'JTGP\GKEJGP FGU <GPVTCN -QOKVGGU HÃ&#x2019;T FCU *GKNKIG ,CJT 5KNDGTPG $GPGOGTGPVK /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF KO IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
$GPGOGTGPVK /GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU *GKNKIG ,CJT 5KNDGTPG $GPGOGTGPVK /GFCKNNG 5KNDGT CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTPCOG ' /CPHCKPK WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G CO $CPF KO QTKIKPCNGP OKV UKNDGTHCTDGPGO /GVCNNYCRRGP 2CRUV 2CWNU 8+ DGNGIVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
$GPGOGTGPVK /GFCKNNG HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG &WTEJHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI FGU <YGKVGP 8CVKMCPKUEJGP -QP\KN DKU $TQP\GPG $GPGOGTGPVK /GFCKNNG $TQP\G CO $TWUVDCPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG KO QTKIKPCNGO 8GT- NGKJWPIUGVWK FCU OGVCNNGPG 9CRRGP 2CRUV 2CWNU 8+ HGJNV ++
-#2+6'. &'4 .#6'4#0$#5+.+-# +0 41/
-TGW\ FGU JN ,QJCPPGU XQO .CVGTCP /QFGNN -TGW\ KP )QNF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO $TWUVDCPF \W- UCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO $·PFEJGP KO QTKIKPCNGP DNCWGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK ++
907
/'.-+6+5%*' )4+'%*+5%* -#6*1.+5%*' 2#64+#4%*#6 810 #06+1%*+'0 70& &'/ )#0<'0 14+'06 810 #.':#0&4+'0 70& 810 ,'475#.'/
2CVTKCTEJCNKUEJGT 1TFGP XQO *GKNKIGP -TGW\ XQP ,GTWUCNGO =1TFTG 2CVTKCTEJCN FG NC 5CKPVG %TQKZ FG ,¾TWUCNGO? /QFGNN OKV JGNNDNCWGT 'OCKNNG )TQÂQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQÂQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP -QTTQUKQPUURWTGP CP FGT -TQPG CO MWT\GP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5VGHCPQ ,QJPUQP KP /CKNCPF WPF 4QO WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++ 5GV CWU WPUGTGT #WMVKQP CO ,WPK -CV 0T
&GT XKGTMNCUUKIG )TQÂMTGW\ )TQÂQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP OKV 5KV\ KP 4QO YWTFG XQP /CZKOQU +8 -CTFKPCN 5C[GIJ 5/52 /GNMKVKUEJ )TKGEJKUEJ -CVJQNKUEJGO 2CVTKCTEJ XQP #PVKQEJKGP WPF FGO ICP\GP 1TKGPV XQP #NGZCPFTKGP WPF ,GTWUCNGO IGUVKHVGV &KG GTUVGP 5VCVWVGP YWTFGP XQP UGKPGO 0CEJHQNIGT /CZKOQU 8 *CMKO KO ,CJT GTNCUUGP 5GKV KUV FGUUGP 0CEJHQNIGT )TGIQT +++ .CJCO $5 )TQÂOGKUVGT FGU 1TFGPU <W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV KP FGT LÃ&#x2019;PIGTGP 8GTICPIGPJGKV KUV FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP PWPOGJT OKV TQVGT 'OCKNNG GKPUEJNKGÂNKEJ FGU 1TFGPUDCPFGU XGT·PFGTV YQTFGP /QFGNN
237
ÄGYPTEN
ª$'45'' #(4+-#
-QPXQNWV XQP UKGDGP XGTUEJKGFGPGP 'JTGP\GKEJGP CWU )CDWP -QPIQ WPF <CÅTG $TQP\G VGKNU XGTUKN- DGTV VGKNU XGTIQNFGV GKPGU GOCKNNKGTV LGYGKNU CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP 5VÒEM ++
909
);26'0 -*'&+8#6 70& 57.6#0#6
#OVUCD\GKEJGP FGT 4KEJVGT FGU +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP )GTKEJVUJQHGU HÒT FKG LWTKUVKUEJG 8GTYCNVWPI XQP I[RVGP WPF FGT 5WG\ -CPCN <QPG KP #NGZCPFTKGP 5KNDGT VGKNYGKUG XGTIQNFGV VGKNYGKUG GOCKNNKGTV Z OO CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 5VQDDG KP #NGZCPFTKC WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G CP 0CFGN 6# 5 4 ++
&KGUGU #D\GKEJGP YWTFG XQT XQO ·I[RVKUEJGP -JGFKXGP #DDCU ++ *KNOK 2CUEJC IGUVKHVGV WPF GT PCJO RGTUÌPNKEJ TGIGP #PVGKN CP FGUUGP 8GTYKTMNKEJWPI +ORQUCPV WPF FWTEJ UGKPG )TÌG UGJT DGGKPFTWEMGPF KP CNNGTDGUVGT *GTUVGNNWPIUSWCNKV·V KO )GUEJOCEM FGT FCOCNKIGP <GKV I[RVGP \W FKGUGT <GKV KOOGT PQEJ FGT 4GIKGTWPI FGT *QJGP 2HQTVG WPVGTUVGJGPF XGTHÒIVG FCOCNU PQEJ ÒDGT MGKPG GKIGPG 1TFGP 5QOKV MCPP FKG 5VKHVWPI WPF 8GTYKTMNKEJWPI FKGUGU #OVUCD\GKEJGPU FWTEJCWU CNU #WUICPIURWPMV FGU UR·VGTGP ·I[RVKUEJGP 1TFGPUYGUGPU CPIGUGJGP YGTFGP
910
-¤0+)4'+%*
+UOCKN 1TFGP =0KUEJCP CN +UOCKN? $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV #WHNCIGP )QNF VNY ITCXKGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC .CVVGU YQJN -CKTQGT GT 5KNDGTRWP\G WPF ,CJTGURWP\G < HÒT CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $9- 6# 5 82' 5 4 ++ &GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG 1TFGP KUV XQP -ÌPKI (QWCF + IGUVKHVGV WPF KP FGP 8GTNGKJWPIUDGFKPIWPIGP XGT·PFGTV YQTFGP 1HHK\KGNN KUV FGT 1TFGP PCEJ FGO 7PVGTICPI FGT /QPCTEJKG CWHIGJQDGP YQTFGP GU UEJGKPV LGFQEJ FC KJP -ÌPKI (CTWM KP UGKPGO KVCNKGPKUEJGP 'ZKN KP GVYCU XGT·PFGTVGT )GUVCNVWPI YGKVGT XGTNKGJGP JCV
238
ÄGYPTEN
911
1TFGP FGU 0KNU =0KUEJCP CN 0KN? /QFGNN 5GV FGT -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC .CVVGU CTCDKUEJG GT 5KNDGTRWP\G WPF ,CJTGURWP\G # HÒT QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP -TCV\G KO /GFCKNNQPHGNF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC .CVVGU QJPG 2WP\KGTWPI CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $9- 6# 5 $9- 5VÒEM ++
UVKHVGVG 5WNVCP *WUGKP -GOCN FGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP /QFGNN FGUUGP 5VCVWVGP GKPKIG PFGTWPIGP FKG UKEJ CWEJ CWH FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP CWUYKTMVGP GTHCJTGP JCDGP /QFGNN &CU /QFGNN WPVGTUEJGKFGV UKEJ XQO FCTKP FC FKG #ITCHHG FGU -NGKPQFU IQNFHCTDGP KUV WPF FGT $TWUVUVGTP XGTIQNFGVG 5VTCJNGP CWHYGKUV 0CEJ #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM YWTFG GT \WP·EJUV CWHIGJQDGP LGFQEJ GTPGWV CNU GKPMNCUUKIGT 1TFGP IGUVKHVGV
912
913
1TFGP FGU 0KNU =0KUEJCP CN 0KN? /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP -TCV\G KO /GFCKNNQPHGNF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC $KEJC[ KP CTCDKUEJGP 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP OGJTGTG 2WP\GP WPVGT CPFGTGO ,CJTGURWP\G - HÒT CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $9- 6# 5 $9- ++
1TFGP FGU 0KNU =0KUEJCP CN 0KN? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP *CCTTK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC .CVVGU KP -CKTQ CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 'VWK XQP .CVVGU OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO /QPQITCOO XQP -ÌPKI (W CF + TGI XQP DKU CNU -ÌPKI $9- 6# 5 $9- ++
239
ร GYPTEN
914
915
ex916
'TKPPGTWPIU 'JTGP\GKEJGP \WO +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP VTQRGPOGFK\KPKUEJGP WPF J[IKGPKUEJGP -QPITGยญ CWU #PNCยญ FGU 'KPJWPFGTVLยทJTKIGP $GUVGJGPU FGT /GFK\KPKUEJGP (CMWNVยทV \W -CKTQ KO &G\GODGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO $ยทPFEJGP OKV 0CFGN 4 ++
'456' 4'27$.+-
1TFGP FGT 7PCDJยทPIKIMGKV =โ ซ ุงุงู ุณ ุชู ุงู ู ู ุณ ุงู โ ฌ9KUCO CN +UVKSNCN? -NGKPQF \WT -NCUUG #WUHร JTWPI OKV JGNNTQVGT 'OCKNNG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ร EMUGKVG -CKTQGT 2WP\G Hร T GT 5KNDGT QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF 6# 5 H 82' 5 ++
1TFGP FGT 4GRWDNKM =0KUEJCP CN )WOJWTK[[CV? /QFGNN OKV CNNIGOGKPGT #ITCHHGP ยชDGTJร JWPI 5GV FGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ร EMUGKVG CTCDK- UEJG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC $KEJC[ CO PGWGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKN- NCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ร EMUGKVG CTCDKUEJG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC $KEJC[ CP 0CFGN FKG CTCDKUEJ RWP\KGTV KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $7 5 6# 5 82' 5 5Vร EM 4 ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG WPF -NCUUG 1TFGP Hร T 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG #DUEJCHHWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG WPF FKG 'TTKEJVWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM YWTFG XQP 5VCCVURTยทUKFGPV )COCN #DFGN 0CUUGT IGUVKHVGV 0CEJ YWTFG FGT 1TFGP PKEJV OGJT XGTNKGJGP WPF IKNV CNU CWHIGJQDGP
+P FKGUGT GTUVGP (QTO PKEJV JยทWHKI \W HKPFGP FC UQ PWT Hร PH ,CJTG XGTNKGJGP &GT Hร PHMNCUUKIG 1TFGP KUV XQP 5VCCVRTยทUKFGPV )COCN CDFGN 0CUUGT OKV )GUGV\ 0T \WT $GNQJPWPI \KXKNGT 8GTFKGPUVG IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP /QFGNN /QFGNN WPF /QFGNN KUV FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP FWTEJ #PRCUUWPI FGT 5VCCVUYCRRGP FGP LGYGKNKIGP RQNKVKUEJGP )GIGDGPJGKVGP CPIGRCยญV YQTFGP
917
8'4'+0+)6' #4#$+5%*' 4'27$.+-
240
1TFGP FGT 4GRWDNKM =0KUEJCP CN )WOJWTK[[CV? /QFGNN OKV FGO 9CRRGP FGT 8GTGKPKIVGP #TCDK- UEJGP 4GRWDNKM 5GV FGT -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ร EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC $KEJC[ KP -CKTQ KP CTCDKUEJGT 5EJTKHV UQYKG OGJTGTG 2WP\GP CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ร EMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC $KEJC[ KP CTCDKUEJGT 5EJTKHV WPF PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG 2WP\G CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV OGJTGTGP 2WP\GP W C -CKTQGT 2WP\G Hร T GT 5KNDGT OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $7 5 6# 5 82' 5 5Vร EM ++
ÄTHIOPIEN
918
4'27$.+- 37#614+#. )7+0'#
7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVU 1TFGP =1TFGP FG N +PFGRGPFGPEKC? /QFGNN OKV *CJP KO <GPVTWO 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO 1TKIKPCNDCPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG 4( 5 $7 5 82' 5 ++
&GT GKPMNCUUKIG 1TFGP YWTFG PCEJ 'TNCPIWPI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV XQP 5RCPKGP CO 1MVQDGT IGUVKHVGV <W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV GTJKGNV GT GKPG PGWG )GUVCNVWPI
919
6*+12+'0 -#+5'444'+%* $+5
1TFGP FGT -ÌPKIKP XQP 5CDC #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG 'OCKNNKGTWPI )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC $ # 5GXCFLKCP #FFKU #DGDC CO 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI XQP $ # 5GXCFLKCP OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $9- $7 5 HH 4( 5 82' 5 ++
<YGKVG #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG 'OCKNNG CWU FGT 'PF\GKV FGU VJKQRKUEJGP -CKUGTTGKEJGU KP FGP HTÒJGP 5KGD\KIGT ,CJTGP FGU <YCP\KIUVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU
)GUVKHVGV WTURTÒPINKEJ WPVGT -CKUGTKP <GYFKVW + FWTEJ FGTGP 4GIGPVGP 4CU 6CHCTK /CMQPPGP 9QNFGOKMCGN FGO UR·VGTGP -CKUGT *CKNG 5GNCUUK¾ + CNU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HÒT &COGP CDGT XGTOWVNKEJ GTUV XQP *CKNG 5GNCUUK¾ CWU #PNC UGKPGT -TÌPWPI \WO -CKUGT WPF DKU XGTNKGJGP 'T DGUVCPF CWU UGEJU -NCUUGP
-QNNCPG )TQMQTFQP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 7TURTÒPINKEJ YCTGP FKG +PUKIPKGP FWPMGNITÒP WPF RWTRWTP GOCKNNKGTV YCU UR·VGT LGFQEJ YGIGIGHCNNGP KUV &KG )TQMTGW\G YCTGP W C 5QWXGT·PGP WPF /KVINKGFGT MÌPKINKEJGT *·WUGT XQTDGJCNVGP WPF CWH GKPGP #P\CJN XQP DGITGP\V
241
ÄTHIOPIEN
921
920
922 923
1TFGP XQO 5KGIGN -ÌPKI 5CNQOQPU /QFGNN OKV GWTQR·KUEJGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG -QOOCPFGWT FGMQTCVKQP #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG 'OCKNNG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP *CNUDCPF FGU 1TFGPU FGU 5VGTPU XQP VJKQRKGP KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $9- 6# 5 H 82' 5 H ++ (TCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI YQJN XQP FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU CWU FGO \YGKVGP &TKVVGN FGU <YCP\KIUVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU
JCV -CKUGT ;ÊJ³PPKU +8 XQP VJKQRKGP FGP 1TFGP CNU JÌEJUVGP FGU .CPFGU IGUVKHVGV 7PVGT -CKUGT *CKNG 5GNCUUK¾ + YWTFG GT KP GKPGP UGEJUMNCUUKIGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP OKV CHHKNKKGTVGT 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG WOIGYCPFGNV FGUUGP )GUVCNVWPI KP FGT (QNIG\GKV OGJTGTG PFGTWPIGP GTHWJT WPF FGT CNU JÌEJUVGT FGU .CPFGU DKU XGTNKGJGP YWTFG
1TFGP -CKUGT /GPGNKMU ++ )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G VNY DTKNNCPVKGTV XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $9- 6# 5 82' 5 ++
(TCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI YQJN XQP FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU CWU FGO \YGKVGP &TKVVGN FGU <YCP\KIUVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG WPVGT -CKUGTKP <GYFKVW + FWTEJ FGTGP 4GIGPVGP 4CU 6CHCTK /CMQPPGP 9QNFGOKMCGN FGO UR·VGTGP -CKUGT *CKNG 5GNCUUK¾ + IGUVKHVGV WPF DKU KP WPXGT·PFGTVGT )GUVCNVWPI XGTNKGJGP
1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP VJKQRKGP /QFGNN -QOOCPFGWTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIK PCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $9- 6# 5 HH 82' 5 ++
(TCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI YQJN XQP FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU CWU FGO \YGKVGP &TKVVGN FGU <YCP\KIUVGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU
$GTGKVU XQP -ÌPKI /GPGNKM XQP 5JGYC FGO UR·VGTGP -CKUGT /GPGNKM ++ CNU HÒPHMNCUUKIGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT OKV CHHKNKKGTVGT 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG IGUVKHVGV YWTFG GT DKU XGTNKGJGP &KG )GUVCNVWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP YCT Y·JTGPF FGT NCPIGP 8GTNGKJWPIU\GKV OGJTGTGP YGUGPVNKEJGP PFGTWPIGP WPVGTYQTHGP
242
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT /KVINKGFGT FGU ·VJKQRKUEJGP 701 -QPVKPIGPVU KO -QTGCMTKGI #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV CO $CPF ++
ARGENTINISCHE REPUBLIK
924
#4)'06+0+5%*' 4'27$.+-
1TFGP FGU $GHTGKGTU 5CP /CTVÃP =1TFGP FGN .KDGTVCFQT 5CP /CTVÃP? )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF )QNF I VNY GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP )QNF I VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV JQTK\QPVCNGT $TQUEJKGTWPI $7 5 H $9- 5+ 5 82' 5 5VÒEM 44 + ++ &GT 1TFGP KUV KP CNNGP -NCUUGP UGJT UGNVGP DGUQPFGTU KP FGT JKGT XQTNKGIGPFGP GEJV IQNFGPGP \WUCOOGP ÒDGT I UEJYGTGP #WUHÒJTWPI )GUVKHVGV CNU UGEJUMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQP 2T·UKFGPV )GPGTCN 2GFTQ 2CDNQ 4COÃTG\ OKV &GMTGV XQO #WIWUV XGT·PFGTV CO /CK WPF &G\GODGT 'T KUV FGT JÌEJUVG 1TFGP FGU .CPFGU &CU )TQMTGW\ KUV CWEJ CP FGP GTUVGP FGWVUEJGP $WPFGUMCP\NGT &T -QPTCF #FGPCWGT CO /·T\ XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP 8IN CWEJ 2CTFQ 1UECT %QPFGEQTCEKQPGU #TIGPVKPCU .C 1TFGP FGN .KDGTVCFQT 5CP /CTVÃP $WGPQU #KTGU
925
8GTFKGPUV 1TFGP =1TFGP CN /¾TKVQ? /QFGNN -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV C QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF 6# 5 H 82' 5 4 ++
&GT 1TFGP KUV XQP 1DGTUV ,WCP &QOKPIQ 2GTÉP 2T·UKFGPV XQP #TIGPVKPKGP OKV &GMTGV 0T XQP CNU 8GTFKGPUV 1TFGP =1TFGP CN /¾TKVQ? IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP /QFGNN 0CEJ FGO CO 5GRVGODGT GTHQNIVGP 4ÒEMVTKVV 2GTÉPU YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 1TFGPU GKPIGUVGNNV
243
BÉNIN (DAHOMEY)
926
/CK 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG =1TFGP FG /C[Q CN /¾TKVQ? /QFGNN OKV (TCWGPMQRH KO /GFCKNNQP )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP UR·VGTGO 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV JQTK\QPVCNGT $TQUEJKGTWPI WPF \WU·V\NKEJGO (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 6# 5 H 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
2T·UKFGPV 2GFTQ 'WIGPKQ #TCODWTW UVKHVGVG FGP 1TFGP WPVGT FGT $G\GKEJPWPI /CK 1TFGP OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO &G\GODGT PGW YQDGK GT PWPOGJT XKGT #DVGKNWPIGP WOHCVG /CK 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUV /CK 1TFGP HÒT /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV /CK 1TFGP HÒT /CTKPG 8GTFKGPUV WPF /CK 1TFGP HÒT .WHVHCJTV 8GTFKGPUV FKG LGYGKNU ÒDGT UGEJU D\Y HÒPH -NCUUGP -QNNCPG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT XGTHÒIVGP &KG +PUKIPKGP GTJKGNVGP HÒT LGFG #DVGKNWPI GKPG PGWG )GUVCNVWPI FKG #DVGKNWPI (ÒT 8GTFKGPUV GKPG XKGNUVTCJNKIG 5QPPG OKV YGKDNKEJGO -QRH FGO 5KPPDKNF FGT 4GRWDNKM /QFGNN 9CTWO FKG 1TFGPUFGMQTCVKQPGP \WYGKNGP OKV -TCP\ÒDGTJÌJWPIGP KP XGTUEJKGFGPGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP XQTMQOOGP MQPPVG DKUJGT PQEJ PKEJV IGMN·TV YGTFGP
<W GKPGO UR·VGTGP <GKVRWPMV XGTOWVNKEJ KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGT 4ÒEMMGJT 2GTÉPU CP FKG /CEJV KO ,CJTG KUV CWH FGP +PUKIPKGP FGT #DVGKNWPI (ÒT 8GTFKGPUV FGT YGKDNKEJG -QRH FGT 4GRWDNKM FWTEJ GKPGP O·PPNKEJGP GTUGV\V YQTFGP /QFGNN 9QJN PCEJ FGO /KNKV·TRWVUEJ KO ,CJTG YKGFGTWO KUV FKGUGT FWTEJ FGP HTÒJGTGP YGKDNKEJGP -QRH GTUGV\V YQTFGP /QFGNN 8IN /KPKUVGTKQ FG 4GNCEKQPGU 'ZVGTKQTGU [ %WNVQ %QPFGEQTCEKQPGU $WGPQU #KTGU
928
927
/CK 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG =1TFGP FG /C[Q CN /¾TKVQ? /QFGNN OKV /·PPGTMQRH KO /GFCKNNQP $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT #WUHÒJTWPI OKV YGKGT 'OCKNNG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV JQTK\QPVCNGT $TQUEJKGTWPI WPF \WU·V\NKEJGO (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 6# 5 H 82' 5 ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
$ 0+0 &#*1/'; 4'27$.+- &#*1/';
244
0CVKQPCNQTFGP XQP &CJQOG[ =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW &CJQOG[? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGT WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK XQP #TVJWU $GTVTCPF 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 4 ++
BÉNIN (DAHOMEY) 'Z #WMVKQP $QKUIKTCTF #UUQEK¾U KP 2CTKU XQO ,WPK -CV 0T +P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIRQUKVKQP YKTF FKG FC\WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
8GTNKGJGP CP )GQTIGU )QTUG FGT DKU KP OGJTGTGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPIGP 7PVGT 5VCCVU UGMTGV·T YCT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T WPF XQP DKU /KPKUVGT KP OGJTGTGP -CDKPGVVGP WPF 4GUUQTVU XQP DKU $QVUEJCHVGT KP #NIGTKGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ XQP UKE DKU $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT FGT 5VCFV $QWNQIPG $KNNCPEQWTV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU YKMKRGFKC HT
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV )GUGV\ 0T XQO ,WNK IGUVKHVGV WPF FWTEJ FKG )GUGV\G 0T XQO (GDTWCT WPF 0T XQO #WIWUV XGT·PFGTV /KV )GUGV\ 0T XQO (GDTWCT \WT 'TTKEJVWPI FGU 0CVKQPCNQTFGPU XQP $¾PKP YWTFG GT CDIGUEJCHHV
929
0CVKQPCNQTFGP XQP &CJQOG[ =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW &CJQOG[? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQQHHK\KGT HÒT FGP 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T )GQTIG )QTUG FCVKGTV 2QTVQ 0QXQ CO &G\GODGT OKV 2TGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP 2T·UKFGPV *WDGTV /CIC GKPG -PKVVGTUVGNNG FQRRGNV IGHCNVGV ++
'Z #WMVKQP $QKUIKTCTF #UUQEK¾U KP 2CTKU XQO ,WPK -CV 0T &KG FC\WIGJÌTKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP 'KPG YGKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT )GQTIGU )QTUG UKGJG -CV 0T
930
0CVKQPCNQTFGP XQP &CJQOG[ =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW &CJQOG[? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGT WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++
245
BRASILIEN
932
931
4'27$.+- $1.+8+'0
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGU -QPFQTU FGT #PFGP =1TFGP 0CEKQPCN FGN %QPFQT FG NQU #PFGU? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ QFGT \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC .C 4Q[CNG KP 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $' 5 H $9- 6# 5 H 82' 5 + ++ +P UGNVGP IWVGT 'TJCNVWPI
&GT UGEJUMNCUUKIG -QNNCPG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP KUV XQP 2T·UKFGPV $CWVKUVC 5CCXGFTC /CNNGC OKV &GMTGV XQO #RTKN IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGU -QPFQTU FGT #PFGP =1TFGP 0CEKQPCN FGN %QPFQT FG NQU #PFGU? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ QFGT \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK OKP 'OCKNNG CDURNKVVGTWPIGP KP GKPGT -TGW\CTOURKV\G WPF KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV GT 5KNDGT WPF *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU
5EJYCPGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $' 5 H $9- 6# 5 H 82' 5 ++
(TCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPIGP UKPF PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP +P FGT -NCUUG FGT )TQQHHK\KGTG YWTFG WPF YKTF FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
934
933
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGU -QPFQTU FGT #PFGP =1TFGP 0CEKQPCN FGN %QPFQT FG NQU #PFGU? -QOOCP- FGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK QDGTHN·EJNKEJG %JKRU KP FGT DNCWGP 'OCKNNG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGU -QPFQTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC .C 4Q[CNG KP 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ $' 5 H $9- 6# 5 H 82' 5 +++
$4#5+.+'0 (¤&'4#6+8' 4'27$.+- 5'+6
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP XQO -TGW\ FGU 5ÒFGPU =1TFGO 0CVKQPCN FQ %TW\GKTQ FQ 5WN? /QFGNN UGKV $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ WPF \WO )TQQHHK\KGT NGKEJVG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC .C 4Q[CNG KP 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ CP 0CFGN FKGUG YQJN WPUCEJIGO· YKGFGT DGHGUVKIV $7 5 HH $9- QFGT 82' 5 ++ +P #PNGJPWPI CP FGP MCKUGTNKEJGP 1TFGP UVKHVGVG 2T·UKFGPV )GVÐNKQ 8CTICU FGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP 8GTFKGPUV QTFGP OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO &G\GODGT #O ,WNK YWTFG CNU QDGTUVG -NCUUG FKG UGNVGP XGTNKGJGPG -QNNCPG FGU 1TFGPU JKP\WIGHÒIV GTHQNIVG GKPG PFGTWPI FGT +PUEJTKHV FGU #XGTUOGFCKNNQPU FGU -NGKPQFU XQP 4'27$.+%# &15 '56#&15 70+&15 &1 $4#5+. KP '56#&15 70+&15 &1 $4#5+.
8IN CWEJ /KPKUVGTKQ FCU 4GNC¼ËGU 'ZVGTKQTGU 1TFGO 0CEKQPCN FQ %TW\GKTQ FQ 5WN 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ
246
BRASILIEN
ex 936
937
935
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP XQO -TGW\ FGU 5ÒFGPU =1TFGO 0CVKQPCN FQ %TW\GKTQ FQ 5WN? /QFGNN #WUHÒJTWPI OKV /GFCKNNQPVGZV 4'27$.+%# &15 '56#&15 70+&15 &1 $4#5+. -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC .C 4Q[CNG KP 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ OKV IQNFGP IGFTWEMVGO 5VCCVUYCRRGP $7 5 HH $9- 82' 5 ++
'Z #WMVKQP $QKUIKTCTF #UUQEK¾U KP 2CTKU XQO ,WPK -CV 0T /WVOCNKEJ XGTNKGJGP CP )GQTIGU )QTUG FGT DKU KP OGJTGTGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPIGP 7PVGT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T YCT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T WPF XQP DKU /KPKUVGT KP OGJTGTGP -CDKPGVVGP WPF 4GUUQTVU XQP DKU $QVUEJCHVGT KP #NIGTKGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ XQP UKE DKU $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT FGT 5VCFV $QWNQIPG $KNNCPEQWTV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU YKMKRGFKC HT
1TFGP XQP 4KQ $TCPEQ =1TFGO FG 4KQ $TCPEQ? )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC * 5VGTP KP 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP WPF -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK XQP * 5VGTP OKV IQNFHCTDGP IGFTWEMVGO 1TFGPUMTGW\ OKV DGUEJ·FKIVGO 8GTUEJNW $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
&GT 1TFGP YWTFG XQO DTCUKNKCPKUEJGP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP ,QCQ $GNEJKQT /CTSWGU )QWNCTV OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO (GDTWCT CNU 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG #WGPRQNKVKM FGU .CPFGU KP HÒPH -NCUUGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT HÒT +P WPF #WUN·PFGT IGUVKHVGV 1TFGPVNKEJG /KVINKGFGT OÒUUGP KO FKRNQOCVKUEJGP &KGPUV V·VKI UGKP CWGTQTFGPVNKEJG /KVINKGFGT JCDGP UQPUVKIG 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 0CVKQP &KG DGKFGP -CVGIQTKGP VTCIGP FKG INGKEJGP +PUKIPKGP &GT DTCUKNKCPKUEJG 2T·UKFGPV KUV )TQOGKUVGT FGU 1TFGPU FGT #WGPOKPKUVGT FGUUGP -CP\NGT &GT 1TFGP GTHWJT OGJTHCEJ PFGTWPIGP UQ OKV FGP &GMTGVGP 0T XQO #RTKN WPF 0T XQO /·T\ 8IN CWEJ /KPKUV¾TKQ FG 4GNC¼ËGU 'ZVGTKQTGU %GTKOQPKCN #PWCTKQ FC 1TFGO FG 4KQ $TCPEQ $TCUÃNKC 7PF /KPKUV¾TKQ FQ 'Z¾TEKVQ /CFCNJÃUVKEC /KNKVCT $TCUKNGKTC Q 1
1TFGP XQP 4KQ $TCPEQ =1TFGO FG 4KQ $TCPEQ? )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G \W- UCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK XQP * 5VGTP KP 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ OKV IQNFHCTDGP IGFTWEMVGO 1TFGPUMTGW\ $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
247
BRASILIEN
938 939 (1:1)
/KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGO FQ /GTKVQ /KNKVCT? #WUHÒJTWPI OKV TÒEMUGKVKIGO /GFCKNNQPVGZV 4'27$.+%# ('&'4#6+81 &1 $4#5+. UGKV )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQ QHHK\KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYC PGPRWP\G KO IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 4CPFCN OKV -NGDGTGUVGP $7 5 HH $9- 6# 5 H 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
)GUVKHVGV CO ,WNK JCV FGT 1TFGP HÒPH -NCUUGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 'T MCPP KP WPF CWUN·PFKUEJGP /KNKV·TCPIGJÌTKIGP HÒT FGT DTCUKNKCPKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM IGNGKUVGVG &KGPUVG KP DGUQPFGTGP #WUPCJOGH·NNGP CWEJ CP <KXKNRGTUQPGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP 8IN CWEJ /KPKUV¾TKQ FQ 'Z¾TEKVQ /CFCNJÃUVKEC /KNKVCT $TCUKNGKTC Q 1 7PF .QDCVQ 8CNNG *GKVQT %QPFGEQTC¼ËGU /KNKVCTGU 4KQ FG ,CPGKTQ 5
/CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGO FQ /GTKVQ 0CXCN? /KPKCVWT \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT )QNF WPF 5KNDGTNKV\G WPF 4QUGVVG WPF RCUUGPFGT +PVGTKOU UEJPCNNG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 5RKPM 5QP KP .QPFQP $7 5 4 ++
941 940
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG /GFK\KP =1TFGO FQ /¾TKVQ /¾FKEQ? /QFGNN OKV TÒEMUGKVKIGO /G- FCKNNQPVGZV 4'2¨$.+%# ('&'4#6+8# &1 $4#5+. UGKV -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP XGT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF FGU 6[RU $7 5 H 4 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT \KXKNG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQP 2T·UKFGPV 'WTKEQ )CURCT &WVTC OKV )GUGV\ 0T XQO /·T\ IGUVKHVGV
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 'T\KGJWPI =1TFGO FQ /GTKVQ 'FWECVKXQ? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF $7 5 4 ++ &GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT \KXKNG 1TFGP YWTFG XQP 2T·UKFGPV ,QµQ %CH¾ (KNJQ OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO ,CPWCT IGUVKHVGV WPF GTHQNIVGP 'TYGKVGTWPIGP WPF 8GT·PFGTWPIGP
248
BURUNDI
943
942
$70&'556##6 414#+/#
/GFCKNNG FGU $WPFGUUVCCVGU 4QTCKOC HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG ,WUVK\ =/GFCNNC FQ /¾TKVQ ,WFKEK±TKQ? )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV 44 ++
$4#5+.+#0+5%*' +06'40#6+10#.' 70& )'5'..5%*#(65 14&'0
5QWXGT·PGT 4KVVGTQTFGP FGU JN #RQUVGNU 2CWNWU =5QDGTµQ 1TFGO FQU %CXCNGKTQU FQ 5µQ 2CWNQ #RQUVQNQ? -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF DTC UKNKCPKUEJGT 0·JCTV ++
945 944
-¤0+)4'+%*
$7470&+
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQP -CT[GPFC =1TFTG 4Q[CN FG -CT[GPFC? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV KP 2CRRUEJCEJVGN FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU 6# 5 44 ++
9KG CNNG 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP FGU PWT UGJT MWT\NGDKIGP -ÌPKITGKEJU $WTWPFK XQP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK PKEJV WO GKPG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT 2CTKUGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF
4'27$.+- 5'+6
<KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG EKXKSWG? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP KP -TGW\HQTO $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $7 5 4( 5 82' 5 ++
&GT UKGDGPMNCUUKIG 1TFGP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT 4KVVGT )QNFGPG 5KNDGTPG WPF $TQP\GOGFCKNNG YWTFG XQP 2T·UKFGPV 1DGTUV ,GCP $CRVKUVG $CIC\C IGD OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO ,WPK \WUCOOGP OKV FGO 0CVKQPCNQTFGP FGT 4GRWDNKM FGO 1TFGP FGT (TGWPFUEJCHV FGT 8ÌNMGT WPF FGO 2CVTKQVKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGUVKHVGV
249
CHILE
946
1TFGP XQP 2TKP\ .QWKU 4YCICUQTG =1TFTG FW 2TKPEG .QWKU 4YCICUQTG? /QFGNN TGRWDNKMCPKUEJG #WUHÒJTWPI PCEJ -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF 6# 5 82' 5 ++
&GT DGTGKVU Y·JTGPF FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU GZKUVKGTGPFG 1TFGP GTNQUEJ OKV FGT 'TTKEJVWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM 'T YCT DGPCPPV PCEJ 2TKP\ .QWKU 4YCICUQTG FGO \YGKVGP 5QJP -ÌPKI /YCODWVUC +8 $CPIKTKEGPIG 5GKP HTÒJGT 6QF HÒJTVG KO 9GUGPVNKEJGP \W FGP DKU KP FKG LÒPIUVG )GIGPYCTV CPFCWGTPFGP 5RCPPWPIGP \YKUEJGP FGP *WVW WPF FGP 6WVUK &GT 1TFGP YCT HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP #WUINGKEJ \YKUEJGP DGKFGP 8QNMUITWRRGP DGUVKOOV +P LÒPIGTGT <GKV GTTKEJVGVG FKG 4GRWDNKM GKPGP GDGPHCNNU PCEJ .QWKU 4YCICUQTG DGPCPPVGP 1TFGP GDGPHCNNU HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP #WUINGKEJ \YKUEJGP FGP *WVW WPF FGP 6WVUK
947
4'27$.+- %*+.'
1TFGP &GO 8GTFKGPUV =1TFGP #N /¾TKVQ? D\Y %JKNGPKUEJGT 1TFGP &GO 8GTFKGPUV =1TFGP #N /¾TKVQ FG %JKNG ? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV MNGKPGTGP KO /GFCKNNQPHGNF IGRT·IVGP 9CRRGP QJPG GOCKNNKGTVG (GFGTP 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP *CCTTKUUG KP FGT YGKGP 'OCKNNG CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO QTKIKPCNGP DTCWPGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC *QWTU KP 5CPVKCIQ FG %JKNG OKV CWHIGNGIVGO OGVCNNGPGP 5VCCVUYCRRGP WPF DGUEJ·FKIVGO 8GTUEJNW $7 5 H $9- 6# 5 HH 82' 5 5VÒEM ++ &GT %JKNGPKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP 1TFGP #N /¾TKVQ FG %JKNG GPVYKEMGNVG UKEJ NCPIUCO CWU FGT 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG
/GFCNNC #N /¾TKVQ XQP /QFGNN FKG WPVGT FGT 2T·UKFGPVUEJCHV XQP )GTO±P 4KGUEQ 'TT±\WTK\ FGT XQP DKU TGIKGTVG CO 5GRVGODGT OKV &GMTGV 0T FGU -TKGIUOKPKUVGTKWOU IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP YCT /QFGNN 5KG YWTFG OKV 7PVGTUEJTKHV FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP XQO -TKGIUOKPKUVGTKWO JCWRVU·EJNKEJ CP RTGWKUEJG /KNKV·TDGTCVGT XGTNKGJGP +JT YCT UEJQP FKG IGUVKHVGVG /GFCKNNG HÒT FGWVUEJG /KNKV·TDGTCVGT XQTCP IGICPIGP /GFCNNC C NQU +PUVTWEVQTGU #NCOCPGU &KG )GUVCNVWPI FGT PGWGP UKNDGTPGP /GFCKNNG CO DNCW YGK TQVGO $CPF NGJPVG UKEJ CP FKG (QTO FGU /QFGNNU FGT CNVGP .GIKÉP FG /¾TKVQ CP 7PVGT 2T·UKFGPV 4COÉP $CTTQU .WEQ FGT XQP DKU TGIKGTVG YWTFG FKG /GFCKNNG OKV &GMTGV XQO /CK CWH FTGK -NCUUGP WPF -NCUUG GTYGKVGTV /QFGNN FKG -NCUUG YKG DKUJGT KP 5KNDGT QJPG 'OCKNNG WPF FKG -NCUUG KP 5KNDGT OKV DNCWGO 'OCKN FKG IQNFHCTDGPG -NCUUG OKV YGKGO 'OCKN YCT CO *CNUG \W VTCIGP &KG FCOCNKIG -NCUUG KUV DKU \WO JGWVKIGP 6CI FCU 1TFGPU\GKEJGP FGT QDGTGP -NCUUGP FGU UR·VGTGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU IGDNKGDGP 7PVGT 2T·UKFGPV #TVWTQ (QTVWPCVQ #NGUUCPFTK 2CNOC FGT XQP DKU TGIKGTVG YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQP DGUVKOOV FC MÒPHVKI 8GTNGKJWPI CWEJ CP <KXKNRGTUQPGP DKU FCJKP PWT CP /KNKV·TRGTUQPGP XQTIGPQOOGP YGTFGP MÌPPGP
250
CHILE 7PVGT 2T·UKFGPV #TVWTQ (QTVWPCVQ #NGUUCPFTK 2CNOC YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQP FKG -NCUUG FGT )TQQHHK\KGTG =)TCP 1HKEKCN? HÒT 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGT JKP\WIGHÒIV /QFGNN 9·JTGPF FGT RTQXKUQTKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI FGU 8K\GRT·UKFGPVGP .WKU $CTTQU $QTIQÇQ FGT XQO DKU TGIKGTVG YWTFG FKG #WU\GKEJPWPI OKV &GMTGV XQO 1MVQDGT LGV\V \WO GTUVGP /CN CNU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP DG\GKEJPGV WO FKG -NCUUGP )TQMTGW\ WPF -QOOCPFGWT OKV 5VGTP GTYGKVGTV &KG DKUJGTKIG DKU -NCUUG GTJKGNVGP FKG PGWGP $G\GKEJPWPIGP -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 5QOKV XGTHÒIVG FGT 1TFGP ÒDGT LGV\V UGEJU -NCUUGP )TQMTGW\ =)TCP %TW\? )TQQHHK\KGT =)TCP 1HKEKCN? -QOOCPFGWT OKV 5VGTP =%QOGPFCFQT EQP 2NCEC? -QOOCPFGWT =%QOGPFCFQT? 1HHK\KGT =1HKEKCN? WPF 4KVVGT =%CDCNNGTQ? &CU DKUJGTKIG FTGKHCTDKIG $CPF YWTFG CWGT HÒT FKG -NCUUG )TQQHHK\KGT CWH GKPHCTDKI FWPMGNDNCW IG·PFGTV /QFGNN 2T·UKFGPV %CTNQU +DCÇG\ FGN %CORQ FGT XQP DKU WPF XQP DKU TGIKGTVG TGQTICPK UKGTVG FGP 1TFGP OKV *ÌEJUVGO &GMTGV 0T XQO 0WPOGJT CNU 0CVKQPCNG #WU\GKEJPWPI =%QPFGEQ TCEKQP 0CEKQPCN? MCVGIQTKUKGTV GTJKGNV GT CNU QDGTUVG -NCUUG GKPG -QNNCPG FKG CWUUEJNKGNKEJ 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGTP XQTDGJCNVGP KUV &KG -NCUUG -QOOCPFGWT OKV 5VGTP YWTFG YKGFGT CDIGUEJCHHV &CTÒDGT JKPCWU GTJKGNVGP FKG $TWUV UVGTPG GKPG PGWG )GUVCNVWPI /QFGNN /KV &GMTGV XQP ·PFGTVG 2T·UKFGPV )GPGTCN #WIWUVQ ,QU¾ 4COÉP 2KPQEJGV 7ICTVG FGT XQP DKU TGIKGTVG FGP 0COGP FGU 1TFGPU KP %JKNGPKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP #N /¾TKVQ FG %JKNG? 9GKVGTG 5VCVWVGP·PFGTWPIGP GTHQNIVGP OKV *ÌEJUVGO &GMTGV 0T XQO 0QXGODGT FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP +DCÇG\ FGN %CORQ OKV *ÌEJUVGO &GMTGV 0T XQO #RTKN FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP +DCÇG\ FGN %CORQ WPF OKV *ÌEJUVGO &GMTGV 0T XQO 1MVQDGT FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP 4KECTFQ (TQKN±P .CIQU 'UEWDCT IGD FGT XQP DKU TGIKGTVG 'U GZKUVKGTGP HTÒJG 'ZGORNCTG OKV FGP *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPIGP $1465%*'4 WPF 4 # 6':+'4 HTCP\ÌUK UEJG #PHGTVKIWPI $KU YWTFGP GOCKNNKGTVG +PUKIPKGP FGT /GFCKNNG D\Y FGU 1TFGPU CWEJ XQP FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU QHHK\KGNN JGTIGUVGNNV 8QP CP YCT FKG (KTOC 'OKNKQ *QWTU KP 5CPVKCIQ FG %JKNG FGT CWUUEJNKGNKEJG .KGHGTCPV FGT 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP &KG (KTOC *QWTU JCV CNNGTFKPIU XQT CWHIGJÌTV \W GZKUVKGTGP 9GT FKG +PUKIPKGP FGT\GKV HGTVKIV KUV PKEJV DGMCPPV
8IN CWEJ '[\CIWKTTG ,CKOG *KUVQTKC FG NC 1TFGP #N /¾TKVQ FG %JKNG 5CPVKCIQ FG %JKNG '[\CIWKTTG ,CKOG .C 1TFGP #N /¾TKVQ FG %JKNG 1JPG 1TV WPF QJPG ,CJT
948
949
1TFGP &GO 8GTFKGPUV =1TFGP #N /¾TKVQ? D\Y %JKNGPKUEJGT 1TFGP &GO 8GTFKGPUV =1TFGP #N /¾TKVQ FG %JKNG ? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV QJPG *CNUDCPF $7 5 H $9- 6# 5 HH 82' 5 ++
1TFGP &GO 8GTFKGPUV =1TFGP #N /¾TKVQ? D\Y %JKNGPKUEJGT 1TFGP &GO 8GTFKGPUV =1TFGP #N /¾TKVQ FG %JKNG ? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $7 5 H $9- 6# 5 HH 82' 5 ++
251
CHINA
950 (1:1)
-#+5'44'+%* $+5
%*+0#
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP XQO &QRRGNVGP &TCEJGP =㞬㱟ᑌᫍ? /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG )TCF 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV ITCXKGTVGT -QTCNNGPRGTNG WPF MNGKPGT -QTCNNGPRGTNG OGJTGTG OKP 'OCKNNGCDURNKVVGTWPIGP CP 0CFGN $9- 6# 5 HH ++ &KG XGTYKTTGPFG 8KGNIGUVCNVKIMGKV FGT +PUKIPKGP FGU /QFGNNU FGU CO (GDTWCT XQP -CKUGTKP 4GIGPVKP 6\ W *UK IGPGJOKIVGP 1TFGPU XQO &QRRGNVGP &TCEJGP HÒJTVG UEJNKGNKEJ \W GKPGO PGWGP GKPJGKVNKEJ IGUVCNVGVGP /QFGNN FCU GKPIGHÒJTV YWTFG WPF FGUUGP +PUKIPKGP KP %JKPC JGTIGUVGNNV YWTFGP 'KPG QHHK\KGNNG $GUEJTGKDWPI FGT PGWGP +PUKIPKGP KUV PKEJV DGMCPPV XIN -KPI -YQM 6JG 1TFGT QH VJG 2TGEKQWU 5VCT QH VJG &QWDNG &TCIQP PF 6[RG +P ,QWTPCN QH VJG 1TFGTU CPF /GFCNU 5QEKGV[ QH #OGTKEC 0T 5
&KG -NCUUGPDG\GKEJPWPI DGHKPFGV UKEJ KP /CP 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT WPF 7JT 2QUKVKQP $KU \WO 4GQTICPKUCVKQP FGU EJKPGUKUEJGP 1TFGPUYGUGPU \W 'PFG FGU ,CJTGU YGKUGP FKG +PUKIPKGP FGU /QFGNNU PWT IGTKPIG 8CTKCVKQPGP KP )TÌG WPF KP GKPKIGP &GVCKNU CWH +P 'WTQRC XQT CNNGO KP (TCPMTGKEJ JGTIGUVGNNVG &GMQTCVKQPGP YGKEJGP VNY LGFQEJ FGWVNKEJGT XQP FGP EJKPGUKUEJGP #WUHÒJTWPIGP CD &KG YGKVGTJKP HQTVNCWHGPFGP 8GTNGKJWPIU\CJNGP CWH FGP 8GTNGKJWPIUFKRNQOGP NCUUGP FGP 5EJNW \W FC GVYC +PUKIPKGP CNNGT -NCUUGP FGU /QFGNNU \YKUEJGP WPF \WT 8GTNGKJWPI IGMQOOGP UKPF
&KGUGU /QFGNN YWTFG DKU 'PFG XGTNKGJGP CNU GU FWTEJ GKP XQNNMQOOGP PGW IGUVCNVGVGU CDGT CWHITWPF FGU DCNFKIGP 'PFG FGU -CKUGTTGKEJGU PWT UGJT MWT\NGDKIGU 1TFGPUU[UVGO GTUGV\V YWTFG
951
252
951 (1:1,5)
CHINA
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP XQO &QRRGNVGP &TCEJGP =㞬㱟ᑌᫍ? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG )TCF 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV DNCWGO )NCUECDQEJQP WPF MNGKPGT -QTCNNGPRGTNG CO GWTQR·KUEJGP IGVTCIGPGP 'KPMPÌRH *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV YGKVGTGP WPIGVTCIGPGO GWTQR·KUEJGP 'KPMPÌRH *CNUDCPF DGUEJPKVVGPGP GWTQR·KUEJGP *CNUDCPF WPF +PVGTKOUUEJPCNNG OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP DTCWPGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $9- 6# 5 HH 4 ++
952 (1:1)
4'27$.+-
1TFGP XQO )GUVTGKHVGP 6KIGT =9¿P *W *UÒP %JCPI? &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG OKV GKPGO 5VGTP &WTEJ- OGUUGT OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV PCJG\W WPUKEJVDCTGT 'OCKNNGEJKR CWH GKPGO $CPF FGT -TCP\UEJNGKHG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC .CQ 6KCP .K WPF 2WP\G :++ CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF OKV /GVCNNUEJPCNNG OKV QTKIKPCNGT 'VWK 'KPNCIG LGFQEJ QJPG 'VWK $9- 6# 5 H 82' 5 + ++ *GTXQTTCIGPF GTJCNVGPGU 'ZGORNCT
)GUVKHVGV CO &G\GODGT XQP 2T·UKFGPV ;WCP 5EJK -CK CNU PGWPMNCUUKIGT 1TFGP HÒT TGIWN·TG OKNKV·TKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG KP (TKGFGPU WPF -TKGIU\GKVGP 2T·UKFGPV %JKCPI -CK 5EJGM JCV FGP 1TFGP YKGFGT CWHIGJQDGP
253
CHINA
953
1TFGP FGT )QNFGPGP JTG =%JKC *Q *UÒP %JCPI? /QFGNN /GFCKNNQPTKPI OKV 2WPMVGP KP FGP HÒPH (CTDGP FGT 4GRWDNKM EC -NGKPQF \WT -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 4ÒEMUGKVGPOGFCKNNQP DGHCNNGP OKV UQIGP 'OCKNNGRGUV UEJNGEJVG 'OCKNNKGTWPI QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF $9- 6# 5 HH 82' 5 ++ +++
&GT PGWPMNCUUKIG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO &G\GODGT XQP 2T·UKFGPV ;WCP 5JK -CK IGUVKHVGV &KG )GUVCNVWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP KUV UGJT XQO 1TFGP FGU $NCWGP &TCEJGPU DGGKPHNWV &CU GTUVG /QFGNN WPVGTUEJGKFGV UKEJ XQO \YGKVGP FWTEJ FCU HGKPGTG &GUKIP WPF FKG JÌJGTG 3WCNKV·V FGT 8GTCTDGKVWPI KP FGT %NQKUUQPP¾ 'OCKNNG 2T·UKFGPV %JKCPI -CK 5EJGM JCV FGP 1TFGP YKGFGT CWHIGJQDGP
954
254
1TFGP FGT )QNFGPGP JTG =%JKC *Q *UÒP %JCPI? /QFGNN /GFCKNNQPTKPI OKV 2WPMVGP KP FGP HÒPH (CTDGP FGT 4GRWDNKM EC $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT 1TFGPUHCDTKM FGU $ÒTQU FGT 5KGIGN 1TFGPUCDVGKNWPI FGT UVCCVNKEJGP /ÒP\G KP 2GMKPI CP 0CFGN FKGUG WPF FGT 0CFGNJCMGP OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $9- 6# 5 HH 82' 5 ++
DOMINIKANISCHE REPUBLIK
ex 955
956
957
&1/+0+-#0+5%*' 4'27$.+-
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQP ,WCP 2CDNQ &WCTVG =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ FG ,WCP 2CDNQ &WCTVG? )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF OKV /GVCNNUEJNKGGP UEJYGFKUEJGT #TV WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJ PWPI FGT (KTOC 8KNCTFGDQ [ 4KGTC KP *CDCPC CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKN NKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV .KV\G WPF 4QUGVVG KO PKEJV RCUUGPFGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $9- 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
2T·UKFGPV )GPGTCNKUUKOWU &T 4CHCGN .GQPKFCU 6TWLKNNQ /QNKPC JCV FGP UKGDGPMNCUUKIGP -QNNCPG )TQMTGW\ OKV IQNFGPGO WPF UKNDGTPGO 5VGTP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT \KXKNGP WPF OKNKV·TKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP CO (GDTWCT \W 'JTGP FGU *GNFGP FGU 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVUMTKGIGU IGIGP *CKVK IGUVKHVGV 'T KUV KP UKGDGP -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YQDGK GU GKP )QNFGPGU )TQMTGW\ WPF GKP )TQMTGW\ ICD $GK /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUV VTCIGP FKG +PUKIPKGP IGMTGW\VG 5EJYGTVGT /KV &GMTGV XQO 5GRVGODGT YWTFG GT FWTEJ FGP PGW IGUVKHVGVGP 1TFGP XQP &WCTVG 5CPEJG\ WPF /GNNC CDIGNÌUV
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQP &WCTVG 5CPEJG\ WPF /GNNC =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ FG &WCTVG 5CPEJG\ [ /GNNC? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ WPF \WO )TQQHHK\KGT LGYGKNU HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT CWH GKPGO -TGW\CTO CP 0CFGN $7 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++
#O (GDTWCT CWU #PNC FGU L·JTKIGP ,WDKN·WOU FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV XQP *CKVK PCEJ 9GTNKEJ KP 10 D\Y CO 5GRVGODGT PCEJ $7 WPF 82' JCV 2T·UKFGPV )GPGTCNKUUKOWU &T 4CHCGN .GQPKFCU 6TWLKNNQ /QNKPC FGP UKGDGPMNCUUKIGP -QNNCPG )TQMTGW\ OKV IQNFGPGO WPF UKNDGTPGO 5VGTP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT \KXKNGP WPF OKNKV·TKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP \W 'JTGP FGT *GNFGP FGU 7PCDJ·PIKI MGKVUMTKGIGU ,WCP 2CDNQ &WCTVG (TCPEKUEQ 5CPEJG\ WPF 4COQP /GNNC IGUVKHVGV WPF FCFWTEJ FGP DKUJGTKIGP 1TFGP XQP ,WCP 2CDNQ &WCTVG GTUGV\V
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQP &WCTVG 5CPEJG\ WPF /GNNC =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ FG &WCTVG 5CPEJG\ [ /GNNC? 4KVVGTMTGW\ HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV 6TCIG- URCPIG $7 5 6# 5 82' 5 44 ++
+P FKGUGT WPVGTUVGP -NCUUG XQP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV
255
REPUBLIK ELFENBEINKÜSTE
958
4'27$.+- '37#&14
959
0CVKQPCNGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP 0CEKQPCN CN /¾TKVQ? /QFGNN CD $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CP 0CFGN FKGUG WPF FGT 0CFGNJCMGP OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKV NKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 H $9- XCT 6# 5 82' 5 ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YKTF FGT $TWUVUVGTP FGT KFGPVKUEJ OKV FGO $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ KUV CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
&GT 1TFGP KUV CO 1MVQDGT YQJN KO *KPDNKEM CWH FGP ,CJTGUVCI FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 2KPEJKPEJC CO /CK XQP 2T·UKFGPV ,QU¾ .WKU 6COC[Q IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP &KG )GUVCNVWPI FGU GTUVGP /QFGNNU FGU \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIGP 1TFGPU GTUVG -NCUUG KP )QNF \YGKVG -NCUUG KP 5KNDGT WPF FTKVVG -NCUUG KP $TQP\G KUV FGT 2KPEJKPEJC /GFCKNNG XQP PCEJGORHWPFGP YWTFG GT OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO ,WPK CWH UGEJU -NCUUGP
-QNNCPG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT GTYGKVGTV WPF FKG +PUKIPKGP PGW IGUVCNVGV
0CVKQPCNGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP 0CEKQPCN CN /¾TKVQ? /QFGNN CD -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP
OKV DNCWGO -TCP\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $7 5 H $9- 6# 5 82' 5 ++
960
4'27$.+- '.('0$'+0-ª56'
961
0CVKQPCNQTFGP =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGCDURNKVVG- TWPIGP KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI KO $CPFTKPI PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $7 5 H 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++
.CPFYKTVUEJCHVU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG FG /¾TKVG #ITKEQNG? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQN- FGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG KO XQTFGT WPF TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI UQYKG KP GKPGT -TGW\URKV\G /GFCKNNQPU FTGJDCT KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGT WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF 6# 5 $7 5 44 ++
&GT UGEJUMNCUUKIG -QNNCPG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO #RTKN IGUVKHVGV
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT \KXKNG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO #RTKN IGUVKHVGV
256
GABUNISCHE REPUBLIK
963
962
4'27$.+- '. 5#.8#&14
0CVKQPCN 1TFGP ,QU¾ /CVKCU &GNICFQ =1TFGP 0CEKQPCN ,QU¾ /CVKCU &GNICFQ ? -QOOCPFGWT- MTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV OÌINKEJGTYGKUG GTI·P\VGO $CPFTKPI CO *CNUDCPF $7 5 82' 5 ++
)GUVKHVGV CO #WIWUV FWTEJ )GUGV\FGMTGV 0T FGT 0CVKQPCNXGTUCOONWPI CNU HÒPHMNCUUKIGT )TQMTGW\ OKV )QNFGPGP 5VGTP )TQMTGW\ OKV 5KNDGTPGO 5VGTP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP $GPCPPV KUV GT PCEJ FGO MCVJQNKUEJGP 2TKGUVGT WPF #T\V ,QU¾ /CVÃCU &GNICFQ [ FG .GÉP FGO )TÒPFGT XQP 'N 5CNXCFQT &KG 5VCVWVGP YWTFGP GTNCUUGP CO 5GRVGODGT XQP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV )GPGTCN 5CNXCFQT %CVCPGFC %CUVTQ 8IN -NKGVOCPP -WTV ) 'N 5CNXCFQT ,QUGRJ /CVVJKCU &GNICFQ 1TFGP +P 1TFGPU .GZKMQP $CPF $GTNKP Q ,
)#$70+5%*' 4'27$.+-
1TFGP XQO SWCVQTUVGTP =1TFTG FG N 'VQKNG 'SWCVQTKCNG? /QFGNN 5VCCVUYCRRGP CWH FGO 4GXGTU QJPG 6TKMQNQTG UGKV -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GTUVGNNGT WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRH- NQEJTQUGVVG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 HH 4( 5 82' 5 ++
'Z #WMVKQP $QKUIKTCTF #UUQEK¾U KP 2CTKU XQO ,WPK -CV 0T /WVOCNKEJ XGTNKGJGP CP )GQTIGU )QTUG
FGT DKU KP OGJTGTGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPIGP 7PVGT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T YCT 5VCCVU UGMTGV·T WPF XQP DKU /KPKUVGT KP OGJTGTGP -CDKPGVVGP WPF 4GUUQTVU XQP DKU $QVUEJCHVGT KP #NIGTKGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ XQP UKE DKU $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT FGT 5VCFV $QWNQIPG $KNNCPEQWTV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU YKMKRGFKC HT
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO #WIWUV IGUVKHVGV $GTGKVU PCEJ 'TNCPIWPI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV YWTFG FCU 4ÒEMUGKVGP /GFCKNNQP FWTEJ 'PVHGTPWPI FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6TKMQNQTG CDIG·PFGTV
964
0CVKQPCNGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW /¾TKVG? )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU 1HHK\KGTU FGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGT WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO 'VWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
0CEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJGO 8QTDKNF YKTF KP FKGUGT -NCUUG MGKPG *CNUFGMQTCVKQP UQPFGTP FKG 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP \WUCOOGP OKV FGO $TWUVUVGTP XGTNKGJGP WPF IGVTCIGP &GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG IGUVKHVGV
257
REPUBLIK GUATEMALA
965 (1:1)
4'27$.+- )7#6'/#.#
3WGV\CN 1TFGP =1TFGP FGN 3WGV\CN? /QFGNN UGKV )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK KO TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPHGNF 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPI KO 6TCIGTKPI RWP\KGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ' )CTFKPQ 5WEE %TCXCP\QNC KP 4QO CP 0CFGN $7 5 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
7TURTÒPINKEJ CWU FTGK )TQMTGW\ -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT -NCUUGP DGUVGJGPF YWTFG FGT PCEJ FGO 0CVKQPCNXQIGN )WCVGOCNCU DGPCPPVG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP CO #RTKN IGUVKHVGV WPF CWH XKGT -NCUUGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT WPF 1HHK\KGT GTYGKVGTV /KV )GUGV\ YWTFG FKG -QNNCPGPMNCUUG IGUVKHVGV 1HHK\KGNNGT *GTUVGNNGT FGT +PUKIPKGP YCT HÒT XKGNG ,CJTG FGT GJGOCNKIG MÌPKINKEJG *QHLWYGNKGT ' )CTFKPQ 5WEE %TCXCP\QNC KP 4QO
7TURTÒPINKEJ CWU FTGK -NCUUGP DGUVGJGPF YWTFG FGT PCEJ FGO 0CVKQPCNXQIGN DGPCPPVG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP CO #RTKN XQP 2T·UKFGPV ,QTIG 7DKEQ IGUVKHVGV WPF CWH UGEJU -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV 1HHK\KGNNGT *GTUVGNNGT FGT +PUKIPKGP YCT HÒT XKGNG ,CJTG FGT GJGOCNKIG MÌPKINKEJG *QHLWYGNKGT %TCXCP\QNC 0CEJH ' )CTFKPQ KP 4QO
966 (1:1)
1TFGP FGT HÒPH 8WNMCPG =1TFGP FG NQU %KPEQ 8QNECPGU? )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++ .CWV 9GTNKEJ KP 10 5 IGUVKHVGV CO /·T\ YKTF FGT FTGKMNCUUKIG 1TFGP )QNFGPGU WPF 5KNDGTPGU )TQMTGW\ WPF 4KVVGT HÒT DGUQPFGTG 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 8GTUV·PFKIWPI \YKUEJGP FGP HÒPH \GPVTCNCOGTKMCPKUEJGP 5VCCVGP XGTNKGJGP 0KEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
258
HAITI
967
4'27$.+-
*#+6+
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP HÒT 'JTG WPF 8GTFKGPUV =1TFTG PCVKQPCN F JQPPGWT GV FG O¾TKVG? )TQMTGW\ 5GV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV WPVGTJCND FGT -WIGNÌUG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKG- RWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT -TCDDGPRWP\G OKV MWT\GO 5EJWNVGTDCPF #DUEJPKVV WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT -TCDDGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP ++
&GT UGEJUMNCUUKIG 1TFGP )TQMTGW\ OKV IQNFGPGO 5VGTP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT YWTFG CO /CK XQP .QWKU $QTPQ 2T·UKFGPV XQP *CKVK IGUVKHVGV FKG 1TFGPUUVCVWVGP GTNKG 2T·UKFGPV 5V¾PKQ 8KPEGPV CO ,CPWCT
968
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP HÒT 'JTG WPF 8GTFKGPUV =1TFTG PCVKQPCN F JQPPGWT GV FG O¾TKVG? -QOOCP- FGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 82' 5 ++
259
REPUBLIK HONDURAS
969 (1:1)
-¤0+)4'+%* *#9#++
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP -CNCMCWCU + =4Q[CN 1TFGT QH -CNCMCWC +? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ )QNF GOCKNNKGTV I OKP 'OCKNNG #DRNCV\WPIGP KO XQTFGT WPF TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI KP FGT -TQPG GKPG 5RKV\G CDIGDTQEJGP WPF HGJNGPF QJPG $CPF 82' 5 H ++ +++ 9KG CNNG MÌPKINKEJ JCYCKKCPKUEJGP 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP XQP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV
&GT XKGTMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT WPF -QORCIPQP CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI -CNCMCWC GKIGPVNKEJ &CXKF .C COGC -COCPCMCRW W /CJKPWNCPK 0CNCKCGJWQMCNCPK .WOKCNCPK -CN³MCWC
CO 5GRVGODGT CWU #PNC FGU ,CJTGUVCIGU UGKPGT 6JTQPDGUVGKIWPI IGUVKHVGV /KV FGO 'PFG FGT /QPCTEJKG KP *CYCKK FWTEJ FKG #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM CO ,WNK GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP .CWV )QTFQP /GFECNH KP '9+ 5 HH YWTFG FCU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ \YKUEJGP WPF CNU )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ \WUCOOGP OKV GKPGO $TWUVUVGTP KPUIGUCOV CP 2GTUQPGP FCTWPVGT CP XKGT FGWVUEJG 5VCCVUDÒTIGT WPF CNU -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\
QJPG $TWUVUVGTP \YKUEJGP WPF KPUIGUCOV CP 2GTUQPGP FCTWPVGT CP UGEJU FGWVUEJG 5VCCVUDÒTIGT XGTNKGJGP
970
4'27$.+- *10&74#5
260
1TFGP FGT JN 4QUC WPF XQP FGT <KXKNKUCVKQP =1TFGP FG 5CPVC 4QUC [ FG NC %KXKNKUCEKÉP? /QFGNN
XQTFGTUGKVKIGU /GFCKNNQPHGNF QJPG 'OCKNNG ! #WUHÒJTWPI OKV 4'27$.+%# &' *10&7 4#5 CWH FGO TÒEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI #DVGKNWPI HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUVG -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP #DRNCV\WPIGP %JKRU WPF 4GRCTCVWTGP KP FGT ITÒPGP 'OCKNNG GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V CO $TWUVDCPF QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF 6# 5 HH 82' 5 ++ +++
REPUBLIK HONDURAS &GT CWU FTGK #DVGKNWPIGP HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUV HÒT /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUV WPF HÒT TGNKIKÌUGP 8GTFKGPUV OKV LGYGKNU HÒPH -NCUUGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT DGUVGJGPFG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO (GDTWCT XQO 2T·UKFGPV WPF )GPGTCNMCRKV·P ,QU¾ /CTÃC /GFKPC %CUVGLÉP IGUVKHVGV UGKPG WOHCPI TGKEJGP 5VCVWVGP YWTFGP CO 5GRVGODGT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV /QFGNN OKV XQNNUV·PFKI IGOCNVGP XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQP\GPVTGP 0CEJ UGKPGT /CEJVÒDGTPCJOG UEJCHHVG UGKP NKDGTCNGT 0CEJHQNIGT 2T·UKFGPV %CTNQU %¾NGQ #TKCU .QRG FGP 1TFGP YKGFGT CD 0CEJFGO /¾FKPC GTPGWV 2T·UKFGPV IGYQTFGP YCT HÒJTVG GT FGP 1TFGP YKGFGT GKP /QFGNN OKV IQNFHCTDGPGP WPF PWT VNY GOCKNNKGTVGP XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQP\GPVTGP FGT CWEJ PCEJ UGKPGT 'ZGMWVKQP CO ,CPWCT YGKVGT DGUVGJGP DNKGD <W GKPGO UR·VGTGP <GKVRWPMV WPVGTDNKGD FKG 'OCKNNKGTWPI FGU XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPHGNFGU ICP\ /QFGNN +O ,CJTG YWTFG FGT 1TFGP XQO -QPITG GPFIÒNVKI CWHIGJQDGP
971 973
972
1TFGP XQP (TCPEKUEQ /QTC\±P =1TFGP FG (TCPEKUEQ /QTC\±P? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ OKV 5KNDGT- PGO 5VGTP WPF \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG- \GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC ' )CTFKPQ 5WEE %TCXCP\QNC KP 4QO CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKR KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V ªDGTJÌJWPI HGJNGPF QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
2T·UKFGPV %CTKCU JCV FGP \WP·EJUV GKPMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP CO /·T\ IGUVKHVGV #O /·T\ YWTFG GT CWH UGEJU -NCUUGP )TQMTGW\ OKV )QNFGPGO WPF OKV UKNDGTPGO 5VGTP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT GTYGKVGTV $GPCPPV KUV FGT 1TFGP PCEJ )GPGTCN ,QU¾ (TCPEKUEQ /QTC\±P 3WG\CFC GKPGT (ÒJTWPIU RGTUÌPNKEJMGKV FGT \GPVTCNCOGTKMCPKUEJGP (TGKJGKVUM·ORHG FGT XQP DKU GTUVGT 5VCCVUEJGH XQP *QPFWTCU YCT 'T YCT CWEJ XQP DKU WPF XQP DKU 2T·UKFGPV FGT <GPVTCNCOGTKMCPKUEJGP (ÌFGTCVKQP D\Y FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM XQP <GPVTCNCOGTKMC UQYKG XQP DKU 5VCCVEJGH XQP 'N 5CNXCFQT WPF 2T·UKFGPV XQP %QUVC 4KEC FGT FGT GJGOCNKIG MÌPKINKEJG *QHLWYGNKGT ' )CTFKPQ UWEE %TCXCP\QNC KP 4QO YCT HÒT XKGNG ,CJTG FGT QHHK\KGNNG *GTUVGNNGT FGT 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP
1TFGP XQP (TCPEKUEQ /QTC\±P =1TFGP FG (TCPEKUEQ /QTC\±P? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 ++
1TFGP ,QU¾ %GEKNKQ FGN 8CNNG =1TFGP ,QU¾ %GEKNKQ FGN 8CNNG ? )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY 8GT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 ++
&GT 1TFGP KUV CO 1MVQDGT CWU #PNC FGU )GDWTVUVCIU FGU GTUVGP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP ,QU¾ %GEKNKQ &ÃC\ FGN 8CNNG IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP WPF YKTF KP UKGDGP -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP
261
JAPAN
974 (1:1,5)
-┬д0+)4'+%*
+4#-
1TFGP FGT <YGK (N├ТUUG =0KUEJCP #N 4CHKFCKP? /QFGNN OKV -TQPG KO /GFCKNNQP GOCKNNKGTV &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG OKV 5EJYGTVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT YGK┬нGP 'OCKNNG FGU T├ТEMUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI MNGKPG #DURNKVVGTWPIGP WPF %JKRU UQYKG MCWO UKEJVDCTG 'OCKNNG TGRCTCVWT FGT 4├ТEMUGKVG XQP FTGK 5VTCJNGP CO #DUEJPKVV FGU /KNKV┬╖T *CNUDCPFGU 6# 5 H 82' 5 4 ++ ++ +++
&GT 1TFGP KUV XQP -├МPKI (CKUCN )JC\K + CNU H├ТPHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP 0CEJ FGT #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM YWTFG FGT 1TFGP CO /CK DGUV┬╖VKIV WPF GTJKGNV OKV INGKEJGO &CVWO PGWG 5VCVWVGP &KG DKUJGTKIG -TQPG KO /GFCKNNQP FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG YWTFG FWTEJ FCU 5VCCVYCRRGP CWUIGVCWUEJV 9GKVGTG MNGKPG 8GT┬╖PFGTWPIGP FGT +PUKIPKGP GTHQNIVGP WPF 8IN CWEJ 4CY 4GGU 1YCKP 6JG 1TFGTU &GEQTCVKQPU CPF /GFCNU QH VJG -KPIFQO QH +TCS +P ,QWTPCN QH VJG 1TFGTU CPF /GFCNU 5QEKGV[ QH #OGTKEC 0Q
5
975 (1:1)
-#+5'44'+%* ,#2#0
262
#NNGTJ├МEJUVGT 1TFGP FGT %JT[UCPVJGOG =сК▒р╗Пр░йт│ет░╝тЭ╢ &CK MWPK MKMMC UJ─Ф? -NGKPQF \WO )TQ┬нMQTFQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV GKPG 5VTCJNGPURKV\G NGKEJV XGTDQIGP QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF $7 5 H 6# 5 H 82' 5 444 ++
JAPAN &KG )GUVCNVWPI WPF 6TCIGYGKUG FGU GKPMNCUUKIGP J├МEJUVGP LCRCPKUEJGP 1TFGPU YWTFG WPVGT -CKUGT /GKLK VGPP├К
/WVUWJKVQ OKV &GMTGV 0T FGU -CKUGTNKEJGP 5VCCVUTCVGU XQO &G\GODGT HGUVIGNGIV YQDGK OCP UKEJ CWH GKP JGWVG PKEJV OGJT GZKUVGPVGU &QMWOGPV CWU FGO ,CJTG DGTWHGP JCV #NU DGUQPFGTG #WU \GKEJPWPI UVKHVGVG -CKUGT /GKLK VGPP├К OKV MCKUGTNKEJGO 'FKMV 0T XQO ,CPWCT FKG 1TFGPUMQNNCPG &KG +PUKIPKGP FKG DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV PCJG\W WPXGT┬╖PFGTV XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP UKPF XQP FGO DGFGWVGPFGP %NQKUUQPP┬╛ -├ТPUVNGT *CTW[WMK *KTCVC WPF XQP 5GKMKEJK 5WIKOWTC IGUVCNVGV YQTFGP /KV 8GTH├ТIWPI 0T FGU -CDKPGVVU XQO #RTKN YWTFG H├ТT +PJCDGT FGT -QNNCPG GKPG UQIGPCPPVG -NGKPG -QNNCPG OKV -NGKPQF KP FGT 6TCIGYGKUG \WT #NNVCIUMNGKFWPI GKPIGH├ТJTV &WTEJ 4GIKGTWPIUGPVUEJGKF YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI U┬╖OVNKEJGT LCRCPKUEJGT 1TFGP
OKV #WUPCJOG FGT &GMQTCVKQP H├ТT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG -WNVWT WPF FCOKV CWEJ FGU %JT[UCPVJGOGPQTFGPU CP ,CRCPGT CWUIGUGV\V #WEJ OKV #PPCJOG FGT PGWGP 8GTHCUUWPI KO /CK DNKGD FKG 8GTNGKJWPI XQP 1TFGP CP +PN┬╖PFGT DKU CWH 9GKVGTGU UWURGPFKGTV CNNGTFKPIU GTJKGNV 2TKP\ #MKJKVQ FGT IGIGPY┬╖TVKIG -CKUGT FGP 1TFGP CWU #PNC┬н UGKPGT 2TQMNCOCVKQP \WO 6JTQPHQNIGT CO 0QXGODGT WPF UGKP L├ТPIGTGT $TWFGT 2TKP\ *KVCEJK CWU #PNC┬н UGKPGU )GDWTVUVCIU CO 0QXGODGT 'TUV CO ,WNK YWTFG KP GKPGT 5KV\WPI FGU -CDKPGVVU FGU 2TGOKGT OKPKUVGTU +MGFC GPVUEJKGFGP IGPGTGNN FKG 8GTNGKJWPI XQP 1TFGP CP +PN┬╖PFGT \W .GD\GKVGP YKGFGT \W GTO├МINKEJGP 8QP FGT WPVGT -CKUGT *GKUGK VGPP├К #MKJKVQ IGD FWTEJIGH├ТJTVGP 4GXKUKQP FGU LCRCPKUEJGP #WU\GKEJ PWPIUYGUGPU DNKGD FGT %JT[UCPVJGOGPQTFGP WPDGT├ТJTV
976 (1:1)
1TFGP FGT #WHIGJGPFGP 5QPPG =склскетЭ╢ -[QMWLKVUW UJ─Ф? WPF /QFGNN -NGKPQF \WT -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 8GTUEJOWV\WPIGP QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF $7 5 HH 6# 5 HH 82' 5 ++
&GT 1TFGP KUV CO #RTKN FWTEJ FGP -CKUGTNKEJGP 5VCCVUTCV WPVGT -CKUGT /GKLK VGPP├К /WVUWJKVQ OKV &GMTGV 0T CNU GTUVGT FGT LCRCPKUEJGP 1TFGP IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP 'T YWTFG XQO <GKVRWPMV FGT 5VKHVWPI CP KP -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP FKG CWEJ DGIKPPGPF OKV FGT -NCUUG CNU )TQ┬нMTGW\UVWHG CNU UQNEJG DG\GKEJPGV YWTFGP 5GKPGP 0COGP GTJKGNV GT GTUV OKV &GMTGV 0T FGU -CKUGTNKEJGP 5VCCVUTCVGU XQO &G\GODGT &KG +PUKIPKGP FKG DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV PCJG\W WPXGT┬╖PFGTV XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP UKPF XQP FGO DGFGWVGPFGP %NQKUUQPP┬╛ -├ТPUVNGT *CTW[WMK *KTCVC WPF XQP 5GKMKEJK 5WIKOWTC IGUVCNVGV YQTFGP &WTEJ 4GIKGTWPIUGPVUEJGKFWPI YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI U┬╖OVNKEJGT LCRCPKUEJGT 1TFGP OKV #WUPCJOG FGT H├ТT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG -WNVWT WPF FCOKV CWEJ FGU 1TFGPU FGT #WHIGJGPFGP 5QPPG CP ,CRCPGT CWUIGUGV\V #WEJ OKV #PPCJOG FGT PGWGP 8GTHCUUWPI KO /CK DNKGD FKG 8GTNGKJWPI XQP 1TFGP CP +PN┬╖PFGT DKU CWH 9GKVGTGU UWURGPFKGTV CNNGTFKPIU YWTFGP W C KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGT PCVKQPCNGP (NWVMCVCUVTQRJG GKP\GNPG 8GTNGKJWPIGP XQTIGPQOOGP 'TUV CO ,WNK YWTFG KP GKPGT 5KV\WPI FGU -CDKPGVVU FGU 2TGOKGTOKPKUVGTU +MGFC GPVUEJKGFGP IGPGTGNN FKG 8GTNGKJWPI XQP 1TFGP CP +PN┬╖PFGT \W .GD\GKVGP YKGFGT \W GTO├МINKEJGP &KG WPVGT -CKUGT *GKUGK VGPP├К #MKJKVQ IGD FWTEJIGH├ТJTVG 4GXKUKQP TGFW\KGTV FGP 1TFGP CWH UGEJU 5VWHGP YQDGK FKG DKUJGTKIG UKGDVG WPF CEJVG -NCUUG GTUCV\NQU IGUVTKEJGP YWTFGP &KG )GUVCNVWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP UGNDUV KUV PKEJV XGT┬╖PFGTV YQTFGP #WEJ (TCWGP M├МPPGP LGV\V OKV FKGUGO 1TFGP DGNKGJGP YGTFGP WPF GU KUV CP\WPGJOGP FC┬н FKG +PUKIPKGP FGT DKUJGTKIGP \YGKVGP DKU UGEJUVGP -NCUUG KP FKGUGO (CNN CP &COGPUEJNGKHGP ┬╖JPNKEJ YKG DGKO 1TFGP FGU IGJGKNKIVGP 5EJCV\GU \WT 8GTNGKJWPI IGNCPIGP YGTFGP
263
JAPAN
977 978
978 (Etui 1:1,5)
1TFGP FGT #WHIGJGPFGP 5QPPG =склскетЭ╢ -[QMWLKVUW UJ─Ф? WPF /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WT WPF -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 HH 6# 5 HH 82' 5 + ++ 1TFGP FGT #WHIGJGPFGP 5QPPG =склскетЭ╢ -[QMWLKVUW UJ─Ф? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF LCRCPKUEJGT 0┬╖JCTV OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\GP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK H├ТT #WUN┬╖PFGT UQ XGTYGPFGV YQJN DKU 'PFG FGT GT ,CJTG OKV LCRCPKUEJGP 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP WPF TQVGP -QTFGNP OKV 3WCUVGP $7 5 HH 6# 5 HH 82' 5 + ++
979
1TFGP FGT #WHIGJGPFGP 5QPPG =склскетЭ╢ -[QMWLKVUW UJ─Ф? 1TKIKPCNG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG H├ТT % 8GTI┬╛ 5GTXKEG %JGH FGT 7PKXGTUCN #WUUVGNNWPI XQP 2CTKU FCVKGTV 6QMKQ CO 6CI FGU /QPCVU FGU ,CJTGU /┬╛KLK KO ,CJTG # & OKV ITQ┬нGO 5VCCVUUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV XQP -CKUGT /WVUWJKVQ \WUCOOGP OKV QHHK\KGNNGT 7PVGTUEJTKHV KP HTCP\├МUKUEJGT 5RTCEJG WPF ┬кDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FGU LCRCPKUEJGP $QVUEJCHVGTU KP 2CTKU FCVKGTV CO 0QXGODGT OKV FGUUGP 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHV &TGKHCEJ FQRRGNV QFGT GKPHCEJ IGHCNVGV 5V├ТEM ++ %JCTNGU 8GTI┬╛ YCT 5VCCVUTCV #WFKVQT WPF %JGH 5GMTGV┬╖T FGT &KTGMVKQP FGT #WUY┬╖TVKIGP 5GMVKQPGP FGT 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI XQP 2CTKU 9GKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP H├ТT %JCTNGU 8GTI┬╛ UKGJG -CV 0T WPF
264
JAPAN
980 (1:1)
1TFGP FGU )GJGKNKIVGP 5EJCV\GU =⍞ᐆ❶ <WKJĔ UJĔ? /QFGNN QJPG 2CWNQYPKC $NÒVG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI 5GV FGT -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 HH 6# 5 H 82' 5 ++
&GT 1TFGP KUV CO ,CPWCT FWTEJ -CKUGT /GKLK VGPPÊ /WVUWJKVQ ņ OKV -CKUGTNKEJGO 'FKMV 0T IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP 'T YWTFG XQO <GKVRWPMV FGT 5VKHVWPI CP KP -NCUUGP XGTNKGJGP FKG CWEJ DGIKPPGPF OKV FGT -NCUUG CNU )TQMTGW\UVWHG CNU UQNEJG DG\GKEJPGV YWTFGP $GTGKVU CO /CK KUV FGT 1TFGP FWTEJ MCKUGTNKEJGU 'FKMV CWEJ HÒT (TCWGP \WI·PINKEJ IGOCEJV YQTFGP &GPPQEJ UKPF UGKVJGT PWT YGPKIG 8GTNGKJWPIGP CP (TCWGP KPUDGUQPFGTG KP FGP JÌJGTGP -NCUUGP XQTIGPQOOGP YWTFGP &WTEJ 4GIKGTWPIUGPVUEJGKF YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI U·OVNKEJGT LCRCPKUEJGT 1TFGP OKV #WUPCJOG FGU 1TFGPU HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG -WNVWT WPF FCOKV CWEJ FGU 1TFGPU FGU )GJGKNKIVGP 5EJCV\GU CP ,CRCPGT CWUIGUGV\V #WEJ OKV #PPCJOG FGT PGWGP 8GTHCUUWPI KO /CK DNKGD FKG 8GTNGKJWPI XQP 1TFGP CP +PN·PFGT DKU CWH 9GKVGTGU UWURGPFKGTV CNNGTFKPIU YWTFGP W C KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGT PCVKQPCNGP (NWVMCVCUVTQRJG GKP\GNPG 8GTNGKJWPIGP XQTIGPQOOGP 'TUV CO ,WNK YWTFG KP GKPGT 5KV\WPI FGU -CDKPGVVU FGU 2TGOKGTOKPKUVGTU +MGFC GPVUEJKGFGP IGPGTGNN FKG 8GTNGKJWPI XQP 1TFGP CP +PN·PFGT \W .GD\GKVGP YKGFGT \W GTOÌINKEJGP &KG WPVGT -CKUGT *GKUGK VGPPÊ #MKJKVQ ņ IGD FWTEJIGHÒJTVG 4GXKUKQP XGT·PFGTVG \WP·EJUV FKG ·WGTG 'TUEJGKPWPIUHQTO FGU -NGKPQFU FGO CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI ·JPNKEJ FGO 1TFGP FGT #WHIGJGPFGP 5QPPG GKP YGK WPF TQV GOCKNNKGTVGU 2CWNQYPKC $NCVV OKV $NÒVGPUV·PFGP DGKIGHÒIV YWTFG YKG CWEJ FCU 1TFGPUDCPF FGUUGP )TWPFHCTDG XQP NGKEJVGO JKOOGNDNCW YGK KP KPVGPUKXGU JGNNDNCW IG·PFGTV YWTFG &CTÒDGT JKPCWU YWTFG FGT 1TFGP FWTEJ GTUCV\NQUG 5VTGKEJWPI FGT DKUJGTKIGP UKGDVGP WPF CEJVGP -NCUUG CWH UGEJU 5VWHGP TGFW\KGTV
981
1TFGP FGU )GJGKNKIVGP 5EJCV\GU =⍞ᐆ❶ <WKJĔ UJĔ? /QFGNN QJPG 2CWNQYPKC $NÒVG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI $TWUVUVGTP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG PCJG\W WPUKEJVDCTG *CCTTKUUG CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO QTKIKPCNGP QMVQIQPCNGP OKV 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $7 5 HH 6# 5 H 82' 5 ++
$KU KUV FGT $TWUVUVGTP KP FKGUGT -NCUUG CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU WPF $TWUVFGMQTCVKQP XGTNKGJGP WPF IGVTCIGP YQTFGP /KV FGT 4GQTICPKUCVKQP YWTFG FGO $TWUVUVGTP KP FKGUGT -NCUUG GKPG *CNUFGMQTCVKQP DGKIGHÒIV
265
HEDJAZ UND JORDANIEN
983 982
982 (Etui 1:1,5)
1TFGP FGU )GJGKNKIVGP 5EJCV\GU =⍞ᐆ❶ <WKJĔ UJĔ? /QFGNN QJPG 2CWNQYPKC $NÒVG CNU ªDGTJÌJWPI &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF LCRCPKUEJGT 0·JCTV LGFQEJ MGKP &TGKGEMUDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP UEJYCT\GP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK HÒT #WUN·PFGT UQ XGTYGPFGV YQJN DKU 'PFG FGT GT ,CJTG OKV LCRCPKUEJGP 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP WPF FWPMGNXKQNGVVGP -QTFGNP OKV 3WCUVGP $7 5 HH 6# 5 H 82' 5 + ++
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ FGU ,CRCPKUEJGP 4QVGP -TGW\GU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP KP 5KNDGT 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIK- PCNGP $TWUVDCPF LCRCPKUEJGT 0·JTV \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGP LCRCPKUEJGP 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP + ++
'Z\GNNGPVGT 'TJCNVWPIU\WUVCPF
984 (1:1)
*'&,#< 70& ,14&#0+'0 -¤0+)4'+%* *'&,#<
1TFGP FGT 9KGFGTIGDWTV =9KUCO #N 0CEJFC? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP FGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT ITCXKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP CP FGT QTKIKPCNGP 6TCIGMQTFGN 6# 5 82' 5 4 ++ 1DYQJN QHHK\KGNN UEJQP IGUVKHVGV HCPFGP FKG GTUVGP 8GTNGKJWPIGP GTUV CO 1MVQDGT UVCVV &GT 1TFGP YCT CPH·PINKEJ CNU GT PQEJ CP GKPGT -QTFGN UVCVV CP GKPGO $CPF IGVTCIGP YWTFG CWH FKG 6GKNPGJOGT CO #WHUVCPF IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP DGUEJT·PMV 'T YWTFG URCTUCO XGTNKGJGP JCWRVU·EJNKEJ CP DTKVKUEJG 1HHK\KGTG 5Q UQNN W C CWEJ .KGWVGPCPV %QNQPGN 6 ' .CYTGPEG IGP .CYTGPEG XQP #TCDKGP CO 1MVQDGT FGP 1TFGP OÌINKEJGTYGKUG FKG -NCUUG GTJCNVGP FKGUGP LGFQEJ \WTÒEMIGYKGUGP JCDGP 4QPCNF & 6 ' .CYTGPEG *KU 1TFGTU &GEQTCVKQPU CPF /GFCNU 9G[OQWVJ &GT 1TFGP YWTFG KP GVYCU XGT·PFGTVGT (QTO XQO 'OKTCV 6TCPULQTFCPKGP ÒDGTPQOOGP 8IN 4CY 4GGU 1YCKP 6JG 1TFGTU CPF /GFCNU QH VJG -KPIFQO QH *GLC\ +P ,QWTPCN QH VJG 1TFGTU CPF /GFCNU 5QEKGV[ QH #OGTKEC 0T 5
266
KAMBODSCHA
986
985
'/+4#6 64#05,14&#0+'0 70& *#5%*'/+6+5%*'5 -¤0+)4'+%* ,14&#0+'0 5'+6
1TFGP FGU 5VGTP XQP ,QTFCPKGP = األردن ي الكوك ب9KUCO CN -CYMCD CN 7TFCPK? $TWUVUVGTP \WT WPF \WT -NCUUG UEJYGTG DTKVKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC )CTTCTF %Q KP .QPFQP WPF OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C $KTOKPIJCOGT ,CJTGURWP\G 3 HÒT CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G 82' 5 ++
)GUVKHVGV CNU HÒPHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQP -ÌPKI #DFWNNCJ + DKP CN *WUUGKP
1TFGP FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV = االس تقالل وس ام9KUCO CN +UVKSNCN? /QFGNN UGKV 5GV FGT -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU &GMQTCVKQP FGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC )CTTCTF %Q WPF $KTOKPIJCOGT ,CJTGURWP\G HÒT CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU GDGPHCNNU *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC )CTTCTF %Q WPF $KTOKPIJCOGT ,CJTGURWP\G HÒT CP 0CFGN KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
)GUVKHVGV CNU HÒPHMNCUUKIGT CNNIGOGKPGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP XQP *WUUGKP $KP #NK 5EJGTKHGP XQP /GMMC WPF -ÌPKI FGU *GFUEJCU YWTFG GT XQO 'OKTCV 6TCPULQTFCPKGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ KP GVYCU XGT·PFGTVGT )GUVCNVWPI XQO -ÌPKITGKEJ ,QTFCPKGP ÒDGTPQOOGP
988 987
-#/$1&5%*#
-¤0+)4'+%* 706'4 (4#0<¤5+5%*'/ 2416'-614#6
-ÌPKINKEJGT /WPKUCTCRJQP 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO )GUEJKEJVUUEJTGKDWPI .KVGTCVWT WPF 9KUUGP- UEJCHV =1TFTG 4Q[CN FW /WPKU¾TCRJQP? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF KO IQNFHCTDGP TGKEJ DGFTWEMVGP 1TKIKPCNGVWK $7 5 H 82' 5 ++
#NU \WP·EJUV GKPMNCUUKIGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO .KVGTCVWT WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHV YWTFG GT PCEJ FGO 8QTDKNF FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #MCFGOKUEJGP 2CNOGP -ÌPKI 2TGCJ $CV 5KUQYCVJ OKV MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFQPPCP\ XQO (GDTWCT IGUVKHVGV CWH FTGK WPF CWH HÒPH -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV 0CEJ #DUEJCHHWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG YWTFG GT PKEJV OGJT XGTNKGJGP 0CEJ FGO FKG /QPCTEJKG KP -CODQFUEJC YKGFGT GKPIGHÒJTV YQTFGP YCT GTPGWGTVG -ÌPKI 0QTQFQO 5KJCPQWM FGP 1TFGP OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T XQO 1MVQDGT
/KPKCVWTGPMGVVEJGP OKV HÒPH #WU\GKEJPWPIU /KPKCVWTGP FCXQP \YGK KP )QNF 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP .CPFYKTVUEJCHVU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGPU 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP FGU MÌPKINKEJGP 1TFGPU XQP -CODQFUEJC )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG FGU -ÌPKIU 5KUQYCVJ + 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV )QNFGPG /GFCKNNG FGU -ÌPKIU 0QTQFQO + )QNF 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP FGU /QPKUCTCRJQP 1TFGPU )QNF #P \YGK 0CFGNP 5VÒEM ++
267
KAMBODSCHA
989
990
70#$* 0)+)'5 -¤0+)4'+%*
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5QYCVJCTC 1TFGP =1TFTG 4Q[CN FG 5QYCVJCTC? /QFGNN )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 H 82' 5 4 ++
&GT WTURTÒPINKEJ FTGKMNCUUKIG CD HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG .CPFYKTVUEJCHV WPF +PFWUVTKG YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI 2TGCJ $CV 5KUQYCVJ OKV MÌPKINKEJGT 1TFQPPCP\ XQO ,WPK IGUVKHVGV 8QP FGT 4GIKGTWPI FGT 4QVGP -JOGT CDIGUEJCHHV YWTFG GT XQP -ÌPKI 0QTQFQO 5KJCPQWM PCEJ UGKPGT 4ÒEMMGJT CWH FGP 6JTQP OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T XQO 1MVQDGT YKGFGT GTTKEJVGV
-ÌPKINKEJGT 5QYCVJCTC 1TFGP =1TFTG 4Q[CN FG 5QYCVJCTC? /QFGNN 4KVVGTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $7 5 H 82' 5 ++
991
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP XQP 5CJCOGVTGK =1TFTG 4Q[CN FG 5CJCOGVTGK? /QFGNN )TQQHHK- \KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGT WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC # %JQDKNNQP KP 2CTKU KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK XQP %JQDKNNQP $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++ &GT WTURTÒPINKEJ FTGKMNCUUKIG 1TFGP HÒT FKRNQOCVKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI 0QTQFQO 5KJCPQWM CO 5GRVGODGT OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV IGUVKHVGV WPF CO #WIWUV CWH HÒPH -NCUUG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT GTYGKVGTV 8QP FGT 4GIKGTWPI FGT 4QVGP -JOGT CDIGUEJCHHV YWTFG GT XQP -ÌPKI 0QTQFQO 5KJCPQWM PCEJ UGKPGT 4ÒEMMGJT CWH FGP 6JTQP OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV 0T XQO 1MVQDGT YKGFGT GTTKEJVGV
268
REPUBLIK KOLUMBIEN
992
994 993
-#/'470 56##6 -#/'470
1TFGP FGT $GFGWVWPI =1TFTG FG NC 8CNGWT 1TFGT QH 8CNQWT? /QFGNN OKV /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV '6#6 &7 %#/'4170 WPF FGT ,CJTGU\CJN $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ WPF \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G $7 5 H 4( H 6# 5 82' 5 ++ &KG +PUKIPKGP FKGUGU /QFGNNU FCU PWT ,CJTG NCPI XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV UKPF PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
&GT UKGDGPMNCUUKIG -QNNCPG )TQMQTFQP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO -COGTWP YWTFG Y·JTGPF FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP /CPFCVU\GKV XQP FGT GTUVGP 4GIKGTWPI -COGTWPU IGUVKHVGV /QFGNN OKV '6#6 &7 %#/'4170 0CEJ 'TNCPIWPI FGT 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV YWTFG FGT 1TFGP XQP FGT 4GRWDNKM -COGTWP OKV XGT·PFGTVGT +PUEJTKHV /QFGNN 4'27$.+37' &7 %#/'4170 ÒDGTPQOOGP LGFQEJ OQFKHK\KGTV /QFGNN OKV 4'27$.+37' ('&'4#.' &7 %'/'4170 YWTFG FGT 1TFGP CDGTOCNU XGT·PFGTV /QFGNN OKV 4'27$.+37' 70+' &7 %#/'4170 WPF GTJKGNV GT UGKPG JGWVKIG )GUVCNVWPI /QFGNN OKV 4'27$.+37' &7 %#/'4170 4'27$.+% 1( %#/'4110
1TFGP FGT $GFGWVWPI =1TFTG FG NC 8CNGWT 1TFGT QH 8CNQWT? /QFGNN OKV /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV '6#6 &7 %#/'4170 WPF FGT ,CJTGU\CJN -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 H 4( H 6# 5 82' 5 4 ++
&KG +PUKIPKGP FKGUGU /QFGNNU FCU PWT ,CJTG NCPI XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV UKPF PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
4'27$.+- -1.7/$+'0
$Q[CEC 1TFGP =1TFGP FG $Q[CEC? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT VNY DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNG #DRNCV\WPIGP KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU UGKV WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT
'DGTMQRHRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK HÒT GKPG ITQG /GFCKNNG $7 5 H $9- 6# 5 82' 5 ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG WPF YKTF FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
/KV &GMTGV 0T XQO #WIWUV YCPFGNVG 2T·UKFGPV /KIWGN /GPFG\ FCU -TGW\ KP GKPGP UGEJUMNCUUKIGP <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP WO 5GKPG LGV\KIGP 5VCVWVGP FGU KP\YKUEJGP PGWPMNCUUKIGP 1TFGPU -QNNCPG FGU )TQOGKUVGTU CWGTQTFGPVNKEJGU )TQMTGW\ )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGTMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT FCVKGTGP CWU FGO ,CJT 8IN CWEJ -NKGVOCPP -WTV 5EJTCFGT 4WFQNHQ WPF 9GJNKUEJ *GKP\ &KG )GUEJKEJVG FGU -TGW\GU WPF 1TFGPU XQP $Q[CEC +P 1TFGPUMWPFG 0T $GTNKP !
269
KOMOREN
ex 995 996
1TFGP FGU JN -CTN =1TFGP FG 5CP %CTNQU? )TQÂMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT VNY 8GT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG WPF -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC (KDQ .VFC KP $QIQV¯ $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 5VÃ&#x2019;EM 4 ++
&GT UKGDGPMNCUUKIG \KXKNG 1TFGP FGT DGUQPFGTU HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 'PVYKEMNWPI FGT KPVGTPCVKQPCNGP $G\KGJWPIGP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP MCPP YWTFG CO #WIWUV IGUVKHVGV
1TFGP FGU JN -CTN =1TFGP FG 5CP %CTNQU? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQÂQHHK\KGT #WUHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI HÃ&#x2019;T &COGP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 3WGT $TQUEJKGTWPI $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 +
&GT $TWUVUVGTP YWTFG WPF YKTF KP FKGUGT -NCUUG CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF IGVTCIGP
998 997
999
1TFGP HÃ&#x2019;T 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG +PFWUVTKG =1TFGP FGN /¾TKVQ +PFWUVTKCN? )TQÂMTGW\ =)TCP %TW\? UKE $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4Ã&#x2019;EMUGKVG OKV ITCXKGTVGT $G\GKEJPWPI )4#0 %47< CO 1TKIKPCNDCPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG 4 ++
.GKFGT MQPPVGP DKUJGT MGKPG P·JGTGP +PHQTOCVKQPGP Ã&#x2019;DGT FKGUGP OGJTMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP KP 'THCJTWPI IGDTCEJV YGTFGP
57.6#0#6 )4155 -1/14
-1/14'0
1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP )TQÂ -QOQT =1TFTG FG N 'VQKNG FG NC )TCPFG %QOQTG? /QFGNN -QOOCP- FGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTÃ&#x2019;EJG KP \YGK 5VGTPURKV\GP GKP 'OCKNNGURTWPI KP GKPGO 5VGTPUVTCJN CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $7 5 H 54 5 4 ++ +++
(¤&'4#.' +5.#/+5%*' 4'27$.+- &'4 -1/14'0 $<9 70+10 &'4 -1/14'0 5'+6
1TFGP FGU )TÃ&#x2019;PGP *CNDOQPFU =1TFTG FW %TQKUUCPV 8GTV? 4KVVGT &GMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF KO 'VWK $7 5 H 4( 5 82' U 4 ++ #NNG +PUKIPKGP FKGUGU 1TFGPU UKPF KP 'WTQRC TGNCVKX UGNVGP \W HKPFGP &GT HÃ&#x2019;PHMNCUUKIG )TQÂMTGW\ )TQÂQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV RT·UKFGPVKGNNGO &GMTGV 0T 24 XQO #WIWUV IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP
270
KONGO
1000
1002
1001
4'27$.+- -10)1
1003
-10)1
1TFGP HÒT -QPIQNGUKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUV =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG %QPIQNCKU? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G KO $CPFTKPI CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGK- JWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 4( 5 82' 5 ++
'Z #WMVKQP $QKUIKTCTF #UUQEK¾U KP 2CTKU XQO ,WPK -CV 0T /WVOCNKEJ XGTNKGJGP CP )GQTIGU )QTUG FGT DKU KP OGJTGTGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPIGP 7PVGT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T YCT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T WPF XQP DKU /KPKUVGT KP OGJTGTGP -CDKPGVVGP WPF 4GUUQTVU XQP DKU $QVUEJCHVGT KP #NIGTKGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ XQP UKE DKU $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT FGT 5VCFV $QWNQIPG $KNNCPEQWTV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU YKMKRGFKC HT
&GT WTURTÒPINKEJ FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQO 2TGOKGT OKPKUVGT WPF UR·VGTGP 2T·UKFGPVGP #DD¾ (WNDGTV ;QWNQW OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO (GDTWCT IGUVKHVGV /KV &GMTGV 0T FGUUGNDGP ,CJTGU YWTFG FKG -QNNCPG FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP FCU )TQMTGW\ WPF FGT )TQQHHK\KGT GKP IGHÒJTV 'U KUV GKPG 'KIGPCTV FGU 1TFGPU FC FKG &GMQTCVKQPGP CNNGT 1TFGPUMNCUUGP FKG INGKEJG )TÌG JCDGP
1TFGP HÒT -QPIQNGUKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUV =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG %QPIQNCKU? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G KO $CPFTKPI CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $7 5 4( 5 82' 5 ++
+P FGP DGKFGP WPVGTUVGP -NCUUGP UGNVGP KP 'WTQRC \W HKPFGP
1TFGP HÒT -QPIQNGUKUEJG #WHQRHGTWPI =1TFTG FW &¾XQWGOGPV %QPIQNCKU? /QFGNN -QOOCPFGWT- FGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G KO $CPFTKPI CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \W- UCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 H 4( 5 82' 5 4 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT \KXKNG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO ,WNK IGUVKHVGV
&'/1-4#6+5%*' 4'27$.+- 70& 5'+6
0CVKQPCNQTFGP FGU .GQRCTFGP =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW .¾QRCTF? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ HÒT <KXKNXGTFKGPUVG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $7 5 H 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 4 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG <KXKN WPF /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV 1TFQPPCP\ )GUGV\ 0T XQO /CK IGUVKHVGV WPF OKV )GUGV\ 0T XQO (GDTWCT UQYKG OKV 1TFQPPCP\ )GUGV\ 0T XQO /·T\ OQFKHK\KGTV
271
KOREA
1006
1005
1004
4'27$.+- <#+4'
0CVKQPCN 1TFGP XQP <CÅTG =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW <CÅTG? D\Y 1TFGP XQP <CÅTG =1TFTG FW <CÅTG? /QFGNN OKV 9CRRGP KO /GFCKNNQP ! 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF $7 5 4( 5 82' 5 H ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQP 2T·UKFGPV /QDWVW 5GUG 5GMQ OKV 1TFQPPCP\ )GUGV\ 0T XQO &G\GODGT IGUVKHVGV WPF OKV 1TFQPPCP\ )GUGV\ 0T XQO #WIWUV XGT·PFGTV 'KP YGKVGTG PFGTWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP GTHQNIVG \W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV /KV /QDWVWU 5VWT\ WPF (NWEJV #PHCPI /CK WPF FGT 7ODGPGPPWPI FGU 5VCCVGU KP &GOQMTCVKUEJG 4GRWDNKM -QPIQ CO /CK GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
-14'# 4'27$.+- 5ª& 5'+6
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 'TTKEJVWPI FGT 0CVKQP =ᶨạ䟼㣙? /QFGNN +PUKIPKGP OKV MWT\GP 5VTCJNGP ! $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG &WTEJOGUUGT OO $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VGKNYGKUG GOCKNNKGTV 4ÒEMUGKVG GVYCU \GTMTCV\V FKGUG OKV /CVTKMGNPWOOGT CP 0CFGN 82' 5 4 ++
9KG CNNG HTÒJGP UÒFMQTGCPKUEJGP 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP KUV CWEJ FKGUGT 1TFGP UGJT UGNVGP &GT \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIG 1TFGP YWTFG XQP 2T·UKFGPV 5[PIOCP 4JGG IGUVKHVGV <W GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV YWTFG FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP XGT·PFGTV <W GKPGO UR·VGTGP WPDGMCPPVGP <GKVRWPMV KUV GT CWH HÒPH -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV YQTFGP FKG LGFG GKPG GKIGPG 1TFGPUDG\GKEJPWPI JCV WPF FKG +PUKIPKGP YWTFGP PQEJ GKPOCN XGT·PFGTV
272
1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 'TTKEJVWPI FGT 0CVKQP =ᶨạ䟼㣙? /QFGNN +PUKIPKGP OKV MWT\GP 5VTCJNGP ! *CNUFGMQTCVKQP \WT WPF -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VGKNYGKUG GOCKNNKGTV 4ÒEMUGKVG GVYCU \GTMTCV\V FKGUG OKV /CVTKMGNPWOOGT CO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV 82' 5 4 ++
LAOS
1008 1007
-7$#
$ª4)'4.+%*' 4'27$.+- $+5
1TFGP FGT 'JTG WPF FGU 8GTFKGPUVGU =1TFGP FG *QPQT G /GTKVQ? CWEJ 1TFGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV +06'4 +0+/+%15 %*#4+6#5 $TWUVUVGTP FGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV TGRGTEKGTV WPF VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CP 0CFGN FKGUG WPF FGT 0CFGNJCMGP OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $9- ++
&GT 1TFGP KUV OKV &GMTGV 0T CO (GDTWCT IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP 'T DGUVCPF NCWV )WKNNG KP )' 5 H KP FGT -NCUUG CWU GKPGO $TWUVUVGTP FGT QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP XGTNKGJGP WPF IGVTCIGP YWTFG KP FGT -NCUUG CWU GKPGO *CNUMTGW\ WPF KP FGT -NCUUG CWU GKPGO $TWUVMTGW\
+P WPUGTGT #WMVKQP CO #RTKN -CV 0T JCDGP YKT GKP )TQMTGW\UGV FKGUGU 1TFGPU CPIGDQVGP DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF CO 5EJWNVGTDCPF OKV $TWUVUVGTP KP GKPGO 'VWK FGT (KTOC # %JQDKNNQP 1D GU UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG 5QPFGTUVWHG QFGT WO GKPG UR·VGTG (QTO FGT -NCUUG JCPFGNV FKG )WKNNG PQEJ PKEJV DGUEJTKGDGP JCV MQPPVG DKUJGT PKEJV IGMN·TV YGTFGP
1TFGP FGT 'JTG WPF FGU 8GTFKGPUVGU =1TFGP FG *QPQT G /GTKVQ? CWEJ 1TFGP XQO 4QVGP -TGW\ IGPCPPV /QFGNN OKV /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV +06'4 +0+/+%15 %*#4+6#5 -TGW\ -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG KO /GFCKNNQP TKPI WPF .QTDGGTMTCP\ CWH FGO $CPFTKPI HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGT MQRHRWP\G QJPG *CNUDCPF $9- 4 ++
1010 1009
-79#+6
/GFCKNNG HÒT FKG $GHTGKWPI XQP -WYCKV = التح رير وس ام9KUCO #N 6CJTKT? /GFCKNNG -NCUUG XGTUKNDGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF \WUCOOGP OKV +PVGTKOUEJPCNNG KP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGT 8GTNGKJWPIUUEJCEJVGN /; ++
.#15 -¤0+)4'+%* 706'4 (4#0<¤5+5%*'/ 2416'-614#6
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP FGT /KNNKQP 'NGRJCPVGP WPF FGU 9GKGP 5QPPGPUEJKTOU =1TFTG 4Q[CN FW /KNNKQP F 'N¾RJCPVU GV FW 2CTCUQN? /QFGNN OGJTMNCUUKI -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG 'OCKNNGEJKRU WPF #DRNCV\WPIGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGT DG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC #WIGT (TQOGPV /GWTKEG QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF 82' 5 ++ +++
&GT \WP·EJUV GKPMNCUUKIG 1TFGP YWTFG OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO /CK XQP -ÌPKI 5KUCXCPI 8QPI IGUVKHVGV WPF OKV MÌPKINKEJGO &GMTGV XQO 0QXGODGT CWH HÒPH -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV /KV FGT #DFCPMWPI XQP -ÌPKI 5CXCPI 8CVVJCPC CO &G\GODGT WPF FGT 'TTKEJVWPI FGT &GOQMTCVKUEJGP 8QNMUTGRWDNKM .CQU GTNKUEJV CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
273
LIBANON
1011
1012
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP FGT /KNNKQP 'NGRJCPVGP WPF FGU 9GKGP 5QPPGPUEJKTOU =1TFTG 4Q[CN FW /KNNKQP F 'N¾RJCPVU GV FW 2CTCUQN? /QFGNN OGJTMNCUUKI $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G VNY XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKRU CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 82' 5 ++
70#$* 0)+)'5 -¤0+)4'+%*
-ÌPKINKEJGT 1TFGP FGT /KNNKQP 'NGRJCPVGP WPF FGU 9GKGP 5QPPGPUEJKTOU =1TFTG 4Q[CN FW /KNNKQP F 'N¾RJCPVU GV FW 2CTCUQN? /QFGNN OGJTMNCUUKI -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP PGWGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO 'VWK FGT (KTOC $CESWGXKNNG KP 2CTKU 82' 5 ++
1013
.+$#010 (4#0<¤5+5%*'5 /#0&#65)'$+'6 .+$#010
0CVKQPCNGT <GFGTP 1TFGP = الوطني األرز وس ام1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW %¾FTG? /QFGNN OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 6TKMQNQTG OKV <GFGT CWH FGO 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQP -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP #DURNKVVGTWPIGP KP FGT ITÒPGP 'OCKNNG FGT <GFGT CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP CNVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 HH 6# 5 82' 5 44 ++ +P FKGUGT GTUVGP #WUHÒJTWPI PWT UGJT UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
&GT FWTEJ .GIKUNCVKX &GMTGV XQO &G\GODGT XQO 2T·UKFGPVGP FGT .KDCPGUKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM OKNG 'FF¾
CNU WTURTÒPINKEJ GKPMNCUUKI IGUVKHVGVG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO ,WPK KP GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP 1TFGP )TQMQTFQP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT WOUVTWMVWTKGTV WPF GTPGWV CP ,CPWCT XGT·PFGTV /QFGNN 0CEJFGO FKG KO 0QXGODGT HCMVKUEJ WPCDJ·PIKI IGYQTFGPG .KDCPGUK UEJG 4GRWDNKM CWEJ GKPG PGWG 5VCCVUHNCIIG CPIGPQOOGP JCVVG YWTFG FKGUG CWEJ CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT 1TFGPU \GKEJGPU CPUVGNNG FGT DKUJGTKIGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6TKMQNQTG OKV FGT <GFGT KO YGKGP (GNF CPIGDTCEJV /QFGNN /KV .GIKUNCVKX &GMTGV 0T XQO ,WPK GTPGWGTVG 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV (QWCF %J¾JCD FGP 1TFGP FGT CP NKDCPGUKUEJG WPF CWUN·PFKUEJG /·PPGT WPF (TCWGP HÒT DGUQPFGTG 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP .KDCPQP HÒT JGNFGPJCHVG WPF OWVKIG 6CVGP WPF HÒT NCPIG WPF VTGWG &KGPUVG HÒT FGP 5VCCV XGTNKGJGP MCPP 9KEJVKI KUV CP\WOGTMGP FC FKG )TQMQTFQP -NCUUG WPF FKG 5QPFGTMNCUUG HÒT 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGT FGT 'JTGPOGFCKNNG HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP .KDCPQP
/¾FCKNNG FW /¾TKVG .KDCPCKU D\Y FGU 1TFGPU HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP .KDCPQP 1TFTG FW /¾TKVG .KDCPCKU ņ CD ņ H·NUEJNKEJGTYGKUG QHV CNU <GFGTPQTFGP DG\GKEJPGV YWTFGP WPF YGTFGP
274
LIBANON
1014
1015
.+$#0'5+5%*' 4'27$.+- 5'+6
'JTGPOGFCKNNG HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FGP .KDCPQP =/¾FCKNNG F *QPPGWT FW /¾TKVG .KDCPCKU? /QFGNN PWT OKV CTCDKUEJGT +PUEJTKHV UGKV /GFCKNNG -NCUUG $TQP\G CO IGUVKEMVGP $CPF ++
&KG XKGTMNCUUKIG 'JTGPOGFCKNNG YWTFG CO ,CPWCT XQO *QEJMQOOKUUCT FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI FGT .GXCPVG WPF )QWXGTPGWT HÒT FGP 5VCCV FGU )TQ .KDCPQP )GPGTCN *GPTK )QWTCWF OKV 'TNC 0T IGUVKHVGV 0CEJFGO DGTGKVU KO &G\GODGT FWTEJ FGP GTUVGP 2T·UKFGPVGP FGT PWPOGJTKIGP .KDCPGUKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM %JCTNGU &GDDCU FGT XKGTMNCUUKIGP 'JTGPOGFCKNNG GKPG )TQMQTFQP -NCUUG CPIGINKGFGTV YQTFGP YCT KUV CO &G\GODGT XQP 2T·UKFGPV (QWCF %J¾JCD FKG 5QPFGTMNCUUG HÒT 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGT IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP
0CVKQPCNGT <GFGTP 1TFGP = الوطني األرز وس ام1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW %¾FTG? /QFGNN OKV NKDCPGUKUEJGT (CJPG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT &GMQTCVKQPGP UGKV $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 HH 6# 5 82' 5 ++
'Z #WMVKQP $QKUIKTCTF #UUQEK¾U KP 2CTKU XQO ,WPK -CV 0T /WVOCNKEJ XGTNKGJGP CP )GQTIGU )QTUG
FGT DKU KP OGJTGTGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPIGP 7PVGT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T YCT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T WPF XQP DKU /KPKUVGT KP OGJTGTGP -CDKPGVVGP WPF 4GUUQTVU XQP DKU $QVUEJCHVGT KP #NIGTKGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ XQP UKE DKU $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT FGT 5VCFV $QWNQIPG $KNNCPEQWTV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU YKMKRGFKC HT
1016 1018
1017
0CVKQPCNGT <GFGTP 1TFGP = الوط ني األرز وس ام1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW %¾FTG? /QFGNN OKV NKDCPGUKUEJGT (CJPG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT &GMQTCVKQPGP UGKV -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO 5VCCVUGODNGO $7 5 HH 6# 5 82' 5 ++
0CVKQPCNGT <GFGTP 1TFGP = الوط ني األرز وس ام1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW %¾FTG? /QFGNN OKV NKDCPGUKUEJGT (CJPG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT &GMQTCVKQPGP UGKV 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU OKV IQNFHCTDGPGO 5VCCVUGODNGO $7 5 HH 6# 5 82' 5 ++
(TKGFGPUOGFCKNNG =9KUCO CN 5CNCO? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV #WHNCIG
4 ++
&KG /GFCKNNG YCT DGUVKOOV HÒT FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP +PVGTXGPVKQPU 5VTGKVMT·HVG KP 5ÒF .KDCPQP
275
REPUBLIK LIBERIA
1019
1021
ex 1020
1022
4'27$.+- .+$'4+#
)TQGT 1TFGP FGU 'JTGPYGTVGP 4KVVGTNKEJGP 1TFGPU FGT 2KQPKGTG XQP .KDGTKC =)TCPF 1TFGT QH VJG /QUV 8GPGTCDNG 1TFGT QH VJG -PKIJVJQQF QH VJG 2KQPGGTU QH VJG 4GRWDNKE QH .KDGTKC? )TQMQTFQP 5GV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF Z OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG #WUDTÒEJG KO /G FCKNNQPTKPI FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG KP FGT ¤UG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRH RWP\G KO $CPFTKPI PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GTUVGNNGT WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGT DCTGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT *GTUVGNNGT WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM 4 ++ ++ +++ ++
&KGUGT JÌEJUVG 1TFGP FGU .CPFGU KUV CO ,CPWCT XQP 2T·UKFGPV 6WDOCPP IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP WPF JCV HÒPH -NCUUGP )TQMQTFQP -QOOCPFGWT 4KVVGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT
1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP #HTKMC =1TFGT QH VJG 5VCT QH #HTKEC? )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK- \KGTUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV MNGKPGT 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ KO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQP TKPI KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGT WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC # %JQDKNNQP KP 2CTKU WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJT RWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY 8GT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ WPF EJKRU KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGT WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC # %JQDKNNQP OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $7 5 H 4( 5 H 6# 5 H 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
&GT UGEJUMNCUUKIG WTURTÒPINKEJ HÒPHMNCUUKIG 1TFGP -QNNCPG )TQMQTFQP -QOOCPFGWT 4KVVGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT HÒT \KXKNG 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG 4GRWDNKM QFGT WO #HTKMC KUV YQJN PCEJ FGO 8QTDKNF FGU RQTVWIKGUKUEJGP 1TFGPU 7PUGTGT .KGDGP (TCW \WT 'ORH·PIPKU XQP 8KNC 8K¼QUC IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP
1TFGP FGU 5VGTPU XQP #HTKMC =1TFGT QH VJG 5VCT QH #HTKEC? 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV MNGKPGT 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ KO XQTFGTUGKVKIGP /GFCKNNQPTKPI KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGT WPF 5KN DGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC # %JQDKNNQP KP 2CTKU CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF 4( 5 H 6# 5 H 82' 5 ++
&KG DGKFGP WPVGTUVGP -NCUUGP UKPF KP 'WTQRC PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
276
1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP 'TNÌUWPI =1TFGT QH VJG #HTKECP 4GFGORVKQP? WTURTÒPINKEJ 1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP $GHTGKWPI DKU $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGT WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 HH 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++
REPUBLIK LIBERIA
1024
1025
1026
1027 1023
1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP 'TNÌUWPI =1TFGT QH VJG #HTKECP 4GFGORVKQP? WTURTÒPINKEJ 1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP $GHTGKWPI DKU $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT *GTUVGNNGT WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $7 5 HH 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++
5EJQP CO ,CPWCT WPVGT FGT $G\GKEJPWPI 1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP $GHTGKWPI IGUVKHVGV KUV FKGUGT 1TFGP GKPGT FGT ·NVGUVGP WPF FGT GTUVG TGRWDNKMCPKUEJG FGU -QPVKPGPVU GTJKGNV GT UGKPG JGWVKIG $G\GKEJPWPI 5GKPG )GUVCNVWPI JCV UKEJ RTCMVKUEJ UGKV FGT 5VKHVWPI DKU \WT )GIGPYCTV PKEJV XGT·PFGTV WPF GT IKNV \WUCOOGP OKV FGP LCRCPKUEJGP 1TFGP \W FGP CO N·PIUVGP WPXGT·PFGTVGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT 9GNV 8IN CWEJ )4 5 H
1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP 'TNÌUWPI =1TFGT QH VJG #HTKECP 4GFGORVKQP? WTURTÒPINKEJ 1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP $GHTGKWPI DKU -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ¤UG WPF KO 6TCIGTKPI PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GTUVGNNGT WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $7 5 HH 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++
1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP 'TNÌUWPI =1TFGT QH VJG #HTKECP 4GFGORVKQP? WTURTÒPINKEJ 1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP $GHTGKWPI DKU -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO #XGTU WPF 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP GDGPUQ OKP KO FGT -TCP\ÒDGTJÌJWPI UQYKG KP GKPGT 5VGTPURKV\G GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V KP FGT ¤UG PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GTUVGNNGT WPF 5KNDGT RWP\G CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV $7 5 HH 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 +++
1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP 'TNÌUWPI =1TFGT QH VJG #HTKECP 4GFGORVKQP? WTURTÒPINKEJ 1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP $GHTGKWPI DKU -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ITÒPGP 'OCKNNG FGU .QTDGGTMTCP\GU 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP UQYKG KP GKPGT 5VGTPURKV\G KP FGT ¤UG *GT UVGNNGT WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC # %JQDKNNQP KP 2CTKU CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV $7 5 HH 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++
1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP 'TNÌUWPI =1TFGT QH VJG #HTKECP 4GFGORVKQP? WTURTÒPINKEJ 1TFGP FGT #HTKMCPKUEJGP $GHTGKWPI DKU 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC , )QFGV 5ÌJPG KP $GTNKP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G ,) 5 FGT (KTOC )QFGV CO UEJOCNGP QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF 4 + ++
5GNVGP KP FKGUGT HTÒJGP #PHGTVKIWPI
277
MADAGASKAR
1028 (1:1)
-¤0+)4'+%*
.+$;'0
1TFGP XQP +DP CNK GU 5GPWUUK 5GV FGT -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT VNY DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV \YGK 'OCKNNGCDURNKVVGTWPIGP KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG- \GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 6GYHKM $KEJC[ KP CTCDKUEJGT 5EJTKHV WPF W C -CKTQGT 2WP\G HÒT GT 5KNDGT QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 6GYHKM $KEJC[ KP CTCDKUEJGT 5EJTKHV CP 0CFGN 82' 5 5VÒEM 44 ++ +++ ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI +FTKU XQP .KD[GP IGUVKHVGV /KV FGT #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM PCEJ FGO 5VCCVUUVTGKEJ XQP 1DGTUV /WCOOCT /WJCOOCF #DW /KP[CT CN )CFFCHK EC XGTUEJYCPF FGT 1TFGP 9KG CNNG +PUKIPKGP FGT MÌPKINKEJ NKD[UEJGP 1TFGP UKPF CWEJ FKG JGT CPIGDQVGPGP XQP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV
1029
/#&#)#5-#4 &'/1-4#6+5%*' /#&#)#55+5%*' 4'27$.+-
278
0CVKQPCNQTFGP XQP /CFCICUMCT =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN /CNICEJG? /QFGNN OKV +PUEJTKHV 4'21$.+-# &'/1-4#6+-# /#.#)#5; KO #XGTU /GFCKNNQP -QOOCPFGWTUFGMQTCVKQP XGT IQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $7 5 HH 4( 5 H 82' 5 ++ &GT UGEJUMNCUUKIG -QNNCPG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP KUV PCEJ 'TNCPIWPI FGT 6GKNWPCDJ·PIKIMGKV CO 1MVQDGT OKV )GUGV\ 0T XQO 5GRVGODGT IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP YQDGK FKG +PUKIPKGP CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FKG +PUEJTKHV 4'21$.+-# /#.#)#5; \GKIGP /QFGNN 0CEJ 'TNCPIWPI FGT XQNNUV·PFKIGP 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV CO ,WPK YWTFG GT OKV 1TFQPPCP\ 0T XQO 5GRVGODGT XGT·PFGTV 0CEJ 'TTKEJVWPI FGT &GOQMTCVKUEJGP /CFCICUUKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM CO &G\GODGT YWTFG GT OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO ,WNK PGW IGUVKHVGV PWPOGJT OKV FGO PGWGP 5VCCVUUKGIGN WPF FGT +PUEJTKHV 4'21$.+-# &'/1-4#6+-# /#.#)#5; /QFGNN 0CEJ 'TTKEJVWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM /CFCICUMCT OKV FGT #PPCJOG FGT PGWGP 8GTHCUUWPI CO #WIWUV YWTFG FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP CDGTOCNU XGT·PFGTV 5KG \GKIGP PWPOGJT FCU PGWG 5VCCVUUKGIGN OKV FGT 7OUEJTKHV 4'21$.+-#0 + /#&#)#5+-#4#
/QFGNN
MAROKKO
1030
1032 1031
-¤0+)4'+%* /#.#;5+#
&GT 5GJT *QJG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU =&CTLCJ 7VCOC 5GTK /CJMQVC 0GICTC? 1TFGPU- MNGKPQF )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC )CTTCTF %Q .VF KP .QPFQP OGJTHCEJ RWP\KGTV W C OKV .QPFQPGT GT EV )QNFRWP\G WPF ,CJTGURWP\G K HÒT QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF 82' 5 44 ++
8QP CWGTQTFGPVNKEJGT 5GNVGPJGKV &GT GKPMNCUUKIG \YGKVJÌEJUVG 1TFGP FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU YWTFG OKV &GMTGV XQO GTUVGP -ÌPKI /CNC[UKCU 2CFWMC 5TK 6WCPMW #DFWN 4CJOCP KDPK #NOCTJWO 6WCPMW /WJCOOCF CEJVGT ;CPI FK 2GTVWCP $GUCT *GTTUEJGT XQP 5GTK /GPCPVK WPF \YGKVGT ;CPI FK 2GTVWCP $GUCT *GTTUEJGT XQP 0GIGTK 5GODKNCP IGUVKHVGV 'T XGTHÒIV ÒDGT PWT GKPG -NCUUG CP FGT FCU -NGKPQF CP GKPGT -QNNCPG WPF CP GKPGO 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF FC\W GKP $TWUVUVGTP IGVTCIGP YGTFGP 'T KUV /KVINKGFGTP FGT MÌPKINKEJGP (COKNKG CWUN·PFKUEJGP 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGTP WPF RTQOKPGPVGP 5VCCVU O·PPGTP WPF HTCWGP XQTDGJCNVGP &GT\GKVKIG +PJCDGT UKPF -ÌPKI 'NKUCDGVJ ++ XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP WPF 0QTFKTNCPF FGT UEJYGFKUEJG -ÌPKI %CTN :8+ )WUVCH WPF UGKPG )GOCJNKP -ÌPKIKP 5KNXKC WPF FGT VJCKN·PFKUEJG -ÌPKI $JWOKDQN #FWN[CFGL
57.6#0#6
/#41--1
*CHKF 1TFGP =1WKUUCO *CHKFJKC? OGKUV 1WKUUCO *CHKFKGP 1TFGP IGPCPPV -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTC- VKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QDGTHN·EJNKEJG %JKRU WPF 4GRCTCVWTGP KP FGT 'OCKNNG CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU 6# 5 82' 5 4 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG 1TFGP )TQMQTFQP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT YWTFG XQP 5WNVCP /QWNC[ #DF GN *CHKF OKV &CJKT XQO #WIWUV IGUVKHVGV WPF PCEJ FGUUGP #DFCPMWPI CO #WIWUV XQP UGKPGO 0CEJHQNIGT /QWNC[ ;QWUUGH OKV &CJKT XQO ,CPWCT YKGFGT CDIGUEJCHHV
5EJGTKHKUEJGT #NCQWKVG 1TFGP =1WKUUCO #NCQWKVG %J¾TKHKGP? /QFGNN OKV +PUEJTKHV #NLCN³NC #N[QWU UQWHK[[C =&KG ,WUUWHKUEJG /CLGUV·V? )TQMQTFGP 5GV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FGU QDGTGP 5VTCJNU CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT ¤UG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTÒEJG CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G $7 5 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
+P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIRQUKVKQP YKTF FKG FC\WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP &GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV &CJKT XQO CO ,CPWCT XQP 5WNVCP /QWNC[ ;QWUUGH
TGI XQP DKU CPUVGNNG FGU 0KUEJCP *CHKFKGP IGUVKHVGV /QFGNN YWTFG GKPG PFGTWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP FWTEJ 5WNVCP 5KFK /QJCOOGF $GP ;QWUUGH TGI XQP DKU WPF XQP DKU CD CNU GTUVGT -ÌPKI WPVGT FGO 0COGP /QJCOOGF 8 OKV &CJKT XQO #RTKN FWTEJIGHÒJTV /QFGNN +P FGT LGV\KIGP (QTO FWTEJ 5WNVCP 5KFK /QJCOOGF $GP #TCHC TGI XQP DKU OKV &CJKT XQO #RTKN GTPGWGTV &KG #P\CJN FGT )TQMQTFQPU KUV PWPOGJT UVCVWVCTKUEJ CWH NKOKVKGTV 8IN 4QWUUGCW 2KGTTG 1TFTGU GV &¾EQTCVKQPU FG N 'ORKTG %J¾TKHKGP CW 6GORU FW 2TQVGEVQTCV (TCP¼CKU CW /CTQE 8GTUCKNNGU 5 HH
279
MAROKKO
1034
1033 1035
5EJGTKHKUEJGT #NCQWKVG 1TFGP =1WKUUCO #NCQWKVG %J¾TKHKGP? /QFGNN OKV +PUEJTKHV #NLCN³NC #N[QWUUQWHK[[C =&KG ,WUUWHKUEJG /CLGUV·V? 8GTNGKJWPIU &CJKT \WO )TQMQTFQP HÒT FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 8K\G #FOKTCN WPF /CTKPG 2T·HGMVGP ,WNGU 'OKNG *CNNKGT FCVKGTV 4CDCV CO /CK OKV 5KGIGNUVGORGN \WUCOOGP OKV QTKIKPCNGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT ªDGTUGV\WPIU 7TMWPFG FCVKGTV 4CDCV CO /CK OKV 5VGORGNP WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHVGP WPF ªDGTUGPFWPIUUEJTGKDGP FGU )GPGTCN 4GUKFGPVGP KP 4CDCV FCVKGTV CO /CK IGHCNVGV 4 ++
&KG FC\WIGJÌTKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP 'KPG YGKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIU WTMWPFG HÒT ,WNGU 'OKNG *CNNKGT UKGJG -CV 0T
5EJGTKHKUEJGT #NCQWKVG 1TFGP =1WKUUCO #NCQWKVG %J¾TKHKGP? /QFGNN OKV +PUEJTKHV #NLCN³NC #N[QWU UQWHK[[C =&KG ,WUUWHKUEJG /CLGUV·V? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI HTCP\ÌUKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV HÒT GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $7 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++
-¤0+)4'+%* 5'+6
1TFGP FGU 6JTQPU =1WKUUCO CN #TEJ? &GMQTCVKQP MNCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $7 5 H 4( 5 82' 5 ++ &GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG DKU -NCUUG <KXKN WPF /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQP -ÌPKI *CUUCP ++ OKV &GMTGV XQO /CK IGUVKHVGV
280
MEXIKO
1038
1037
1036
/':+-1
<9'+6'5 -#+5'44'+%*
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP XQO /GZKMCPKUEJGP #FNGT =1TFGP +ORGTKCN FGN #IWKNC /GZKECPC? 5R·VGTG #P- HGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP PCEJ GKPGU $TWUVUVGTPU \WO )TQMTGW\ 5KNDGT IGRTÒHV DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKV ITÒPGP WPF TQVGP )NCUUVGKPGP DGUGV\V OKP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP OKP 5KNDGTMQTTQUKQPUURWTGP CP 0CFGN FKGUG RWP\KGTV % ( 416*' WPF 9+'0 OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G ++
*GTXQTTCIGPF IGCTDGKVGVGU 'TUCV\GZGORNCT HÒT PWT UGJT UEJYGT \W HKPFGPFG 1TKIKPCNGZGORNCTG +PUDGUQPFGTG FGT $TWUVUVGTP KUV CWEJ CNU UR·VGTG #PHGTVKIWPI PWT UGJT UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
-CKUGTNKEJGT 1TFGP XQO /GZKMCPKUEJGP #FNGT =1TFGP +ORGTKCN FGN #IWKNC /GZKECPC? 5R·VGTG #P- HGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC 4QVJG KP 9KGP PCEJ GKPGT -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPIGP KP 6TCIG WPF KO $CPFTKPI LGYGKNU HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G QJPG *CNUDCPF ++
4'27$.+- 5'+6
/GZKMCPKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU #\VGMGP #FNGTU =1TFGP /GZKECPC FGN IWKNC #\VGEC? )TQMTGW\UGV -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO OO DTGKVGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO QTKIKPCNGP MWPUVNGFGTPGP WPF IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $7 5 HH 6# 5 H 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
'Z #WMVKQP $QKUIKTCTF #UUQEK¾U KP 2CTKU XQO ,WPK -CV 0T 8GTNKGJGP CP )GQTIGU )QTUG FGT DKU KP OGJTGTGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPIGP 7PVGT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T YCT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T WPF XQP DKU /KPKUVGT KP OGJTGTGP -CDKPGVVGP WPF 4GUUQTVU XQP DKU $QVUEJCHVGT KP #NIGTKGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ XQP UKE DKU $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT FGT 5VCFV $QWNQIPG $KNNCPEQWTV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU
YKMKRGFKC HT +P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIRQUKVKQP YKTF FKG FC\WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
&KGUG -NCUUG KUV HÒT 4GIKGTWPIUEJGHU /KPKUVGT WPF $QVUEJCHVGT XQTDGJCNVGP &GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG EQNNCT DCPFC RNCEC GPEQOKGPFC WPF KPUKIPC 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQP 2T·UKFGPV #DGNCTFQ .WL±P 4QFTÃIWG\ OKV &GMTGV XQO &G\GODGT HQTOGNN IGUVKHVGV PCEJFGO FKG GTUVG -QNNCPG FGU 1TFGPU DGTGKVU CO 5GRVGODGT CP FGP GTUVGP URCPKUEJGP 2T·UKFGPVGP 0KEGVQ #NECN± <COQTC [ 6QTTG XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP YCT &KG 8GTÌHHGPV NKEJWPI FGT 5VCVWVGP GTHQNIVG CO ,CPWCT .CWV FKGUGP YCT WPF KUV GT CWUN·PFKUEJGP &KRNQOCVGP XQTDGJCNVGP MCPP CDGT KP #WUPCJOGH·NNGP CWEJ CPFGTGP #WUN·PFGTP XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP 5KG UCJGP WPVGT CPFGTGO GKPG OKNKV·TKUEJG WPF GKP \KXKNG #DVGKNWPI XQT FKG UKEJ LGFQEJ KP KJTGP +PUKIPKGP PKEJV WPVGTUEJKGFGP WPF YKGFGT CDIGUEJCHHV YWTFGP YWTFG FKG -NCUUG DCPFC )TQMTGW\ KP GKPG GTUVG WPF GKPG \YGKVG -NCUUG WPVGTVGKNV FKG UKEJ PWT FWTEJ FKG $TGKVGU FGU 5EJWNVGTDCPFGU WPVGTUEJKGFGP &CU 5EJWNVGTDCPF FGU )TQMTGW\GU GTUVGT -NCUUG KUV OO FCU FGU )TQMTGW\GU -NCUUG PWT OO DTGKV WPF FKG YKGFGT CDIGUEJCHHV YWTFG /KV )GUGV\ .G[ FG 2TGOKQU 'UVÃOWNQU [ 4GEQORGPUCU %KXKNGU XQO &G\GODGT YWTFG FGT 1TFGP PGW IGQTFPGV WPF FKG IGIGPY·TVKI IÒNVKIGP 5VCVWVGP GKPIGHÒJTV 8IN 5GETGVGTKC FG 4GNCEKQPGU 'ZVGTKQTGU 1TFGP /GZKECPC FGN #IWKNC #\VGEC 4GINCOGPVQ [ .KUVC FG 2GTUQPCU %QPFGEQTCFCU /GZKMQ
281
MEXIKO
1040
1039 1041
/GZKMCPKUEJGT 1TFGP FGU #\VGMGP #FNGTU =1TFGP /GZKECPC FGN IWKNC #\VGEC? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQMTGW\ -NCUUG HÒT )GQTIGU )QTUG HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT /KPKUVGT HÒT #TDGKV #PIGUVGNNVG WPF $GXÌN MGTWPI FCVKGTV /¾ZKEQ CO /·T\ OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHVGP FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP .WKU 'EJGXGTTÃC NXCTG\ IGD WPF FGU #WGPOKPKUVGTU 'VYCU XGTUEJOWV\V WPF GKPIGTKUUGP 4 ++
'Z #WMVKQP $QKUIKTCTF #UUQEK¾U KP 2CTKU XQO ,WPK -CV 0T &KG FC\WIGJÌTKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP 'KPG YGKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG HÒT )GQTIGU )QTUG UKGJG -CV 0T
'JTGPNGIKQP =.¾IKQP FG *QPQT? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG )8' & ++
)GUVKHVGV XQP 2T·UKFGPV /KIWGN #NGO±P 8CNF¾U OKV RT·UKFKCNGO &GMTGV XQO /CK
'JTGP\GKEJGP HÒT /CTKPG 8GTFKGPUVG =%QPFGEQTCEKÉP FGN /¾TKVQ 0CXCN? /QFGNN #FNGT QJPG IG- MTGW\VG #PMGT 'JTGP\GKEJGP -NCUUG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV 6TCIGURCPIG )8' & ++ &CU \YGKMNCUUKIG 'JTGP\GKEJGP YWTFG OKV )GUGV\ XQO /·T\ IGUVKHVGV
282
REPUBLIK NICARAGUA
1042
1043
1044
1045
/10)1.'+ /10)1.+5%*' 81.-54'27$.+-
1TFGP FGU 2QNCTUVGTPU /QFGNN OKV TWUUKUEJGT 5EJTKHV KO TQVGP $CPF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FTGK MNGKPG TWPFMQRHPKGVGP WPF 8GTNGKJWPIUPWOOGT CP 5EJTCWDG OKV 5EJTCWDUEJGKDG *( / 82' 5 ++
-¤0+)4'+%* $+5
0'2#.
1TFGP FGT 4GEJVGP *CPF FGU )WTMJC )QTMJC &CMUJKPC $CJW 1TFGP &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG PGRC NGUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV CO MWT\GP QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV 6# 5 82' 5 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG 1TFGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO -WPUV 9KUUGPUEJCHV 5RQTV WPF CWH FGO 5Q\KCNGP (GNF YWTFG CNU GTUVGT 1TFGP 0GRCNU 2TKVJXK $KT $KMTCO 5JCJ &GX IGUVKHVGV CO 5GRVGODGT XQP -ÌPKI 6TKDJWXCP $KT $KMTCO 5JCJ &GXC GTPGWGTV WPF OKV GKPGT CHHKNKKGTVGP /GFCKNNG GTI·P\V WPF YQJN DKU \WO 5VWT\ FGT /QPCTEJKG XGTNKGJGP
1TFGP FGT 4GEJVGP *CPF FGU )WTMJC )QTMJC &CMUJKPC $CJW 1TFGP &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG PGRC NGUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF 6# 5 82' 5 ++
4'27$.+- 0+%#4#)7#
1TFGP XQP 4WD¾P &CTÃQ =1TFGP FG 4WD¾P &CTÃQ? )TQQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK\KGTU MTGW\ 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK TÒEMUGKVKIG /GFCKNNQPCDFGEMWPI HGJNV WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO PKEJV RCUUGPFGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $7 5 HH 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++ +8 ++
&GT UKGDGPMNCUUKIG 1TFGP -QNNCPG )TQMTGW\ OKV )QNFGPGO $TWUVUVGTP )TQMTGW\ OKV 5KNDGTPGO $TWUVUVGTP )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT KUV CO (GDTWCT XQP 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV #PCUVCUKQ 5QOQ\C )CTEÃC IGUVKHVGV WPF PCEJ FGO PKECTCIWCPKUEJGP 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT ,QWTPCNKUVGP WPF &KRNQOCVGP (¾NKZ 4WD¾P )CTEÃC 5CTOKGPVQ FGT WPVGT FGO 2UGWFQP[O 4WD¾P &CTÃQ IGYKTMV JCV DGPCPPV YQTFGP &GT 'PVYWTH FGT +PUKIPKGP YWTFG KPVGTPCVKQPCN CWUIGUEJTKGDGP &GT )GYKPPGT FKG (KTOC XQP (GTPCPFQ %GLCNXQ KP /CFTKF GTJKGNV FGP GTUVGP 2TGKU WPF YCT UGKVJGT CWEJ *GTUVGNNGT FGT +PUKIPKGP &GT 1TFGP YWTFG PCEJ FGT /CEJVÒDGTPCJOG FWTEJ FKG 5CPFKPKUVGP CDIGUEJCHHV WPF YKGFGT GKPIGHÒJTV &CU PGWG /QFGNN OKV UGEJU -NCUUGP JCV LGFQEJ PWT PQEJ GKP )TQMTGW\ FCU PWT CWU GKPGT 5EJ·TRG WPF FGO CPJ·PIGPFGP -NGKPQF DGUVGJV
283
REPUBLIK PANAMA
1047
1046
4'27$.+- 0+)'4
0CVKQPCNQTFGP XQP 0KIGT =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW 0KIGT? /QFGNN OKV /GFCKNNQPWOUEJTKHV 4'27 $.+37' &7 0+)'4 CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++
&GT UGEJUMNCUUKIG -QNNCPG )TQÂMTGW\ )TQÂQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV 0T 240 XQO ,WNK IGUVKHVGV
'JTGPOGFCKNNG FGT 2QNK\GK =/¾FCKNNG F *QPPGWT FG NC 2QNKEG? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG 4( 5 H 4 ++
&CU FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 'JTGP\GKEJGP OKV 1TFGPUEJCTCMVGT YWTFG IGUVKHVGV
ex 1048
4'27$.+- 2#0#/#
1TFGP XQP 8CUEQ 0WÃ&#x2021;G\ FG $CNDQC =1TFGP FG 8CUEQ 0WÃ&#x2021;G\ FG $CNDQC? )TQÂQHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQÂQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V CO MWT\GP *CNUDCPFCD- UEJPKVV WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 3WGTDTQUEJKGTWPI \WUCO OGP OKV /KPKCVWT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV .KV\G WPF 4QUGVVG WPF -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO PKEJV RCUUGPFGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 5VÃ&#x2019;EM ++ &GT HÃ&#x2019;PHMNCUUKIG )TQÂMTGW\ )TQÂQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQP 2T·UKFGPV ,WCP &GOÃ&#x2030;UVGPGU #TQUGOGPC IGUVKHVGV WPF CO ,WNK XQP 2T·UKFGPV ,WCP &GOÃ&#x2030;UVGPGU #TQUGOGPC DGUV·VKIV
284
PERSIEN / IRAN
1049
4'27$.+- 2#4#)7#;
0CVKQPCNGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFGP 0CEKQPCN CN /¾TKVQ? -NGKPQF \WO )TQÂMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF LGFQEJ CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV $7 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++
7TURTÃ&#x2019;PINKEJ XQP 2T·UKFGPV (TCPEKUEQ 5QNCPQ .Ã&#x2030;RG\ IGUVKHVGV YWTFG FGT <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP TGQTICPKUKGTV 'T DGUVGJV FGT\GKV CWU -NCUUGP
1051
1050
2'45+'0 +4#0 -#+5'44'+%* 2'45+'0 $<9 5'+6 +4#0 $+5
1TFGP FGT -TQPG FGU +TCP =â&#x20AC;« ت اج Ù&#x2020;Ø´ اÙ&#x2020;â&#x20AC;¬0KUEJCP K 6CFUEJ K +TCP? /QFGNN $TWUVUVGTP \WT WPF -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU WPF 2WP\G HÃ&#x2019;T GT 5KNDGT UGKV
/GTMWTMQRHRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP HKZKGTJCMGP 82' 5 ++
&GT HÃ&#x2019;PHMNCUUKIG DKU -NCUUG YWTFG XQP /Q\CHHCT CF &KP 5EJCJ 3CLCT CNU 1TFGP FGT -TQPG IGUVKHVGV WPF CO #RTKN XQP 4G\C 5EJCJ 2CJNCXK DGUV·VKIV YQDGK GT PQEJ CNU 5QPFGTMNCUUG FKG -QNNCPG UVKHVGVG YWTFG FKG $CPFHCTDG IG·PFGTV /KV FGO 7PVGTICPI FGU -CKUGTTGKEJU GTNQUEJ CWEJ FGT 1TFGP
1TFGP FGT -TQPG FGU +TCP =â&#x20AC;« ت اج Ù&#x2020;Ø´ اÙ&#x2020;â&#x20AC;¬0KUEJCP K 6CFUEJ K +TCP? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP FGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT KP GKPGT #TOURKV\G KO $CPFTKPI GT 5KNDGT WPF *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU QJPG *CNUDCPF 82' 5 ++
285
PERSIEN / IRAN
1053
1052
1TFGP FGT -TQPG FGU +TCP = ت اج نش ان0KUEJCP K 6CFUEJ K +TCP? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP FGT -NCUUG 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWT KP GKPGT #TOURKV\G FCU 4GXGTUOGFCKNNQP GVYCU XGTUEJOWV\V KO $CPFTKPI GT 5KNDGT WPF *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG 82' 5 ++ 1TFGP FGT -TQPG FGU +TCP = ت اج نش ان0KUEJCP K 6CFUEJ K +TCP? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQP FGT -NCUUG #WUHÒJTWPI QJPG -TCP\ÒDGTJÌJWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG 82' 5 ++
1055
1056
1054
5QPPGP WPF .ÌYGP 1TFGP = و ریش دیخورش0KUEJCP K 5EJKT W -JWTUEJKF? /QFGNN #WUICDG HÒT <KXKNKUVGP WPF #WUN·PFGT OKV TWJGPFGO .ÌYGP $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG OKV CEJV 5VTCJNGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 6# 5 HH 82' 5 ++
5QPPGP WPF .ÌYGP 1TFGP = و ریش دیخورش0KUEJCP K 5EJKT W -JWTUEJKF? /QFGNN #WUICDG HÒT <KXKNKUVGP WPF #WUN·PFGT OKV TWJGPFGO .ÌYGP &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV #DRNCV\WPIGP KP FGT ITÒPGP 'OCKNNG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO UEJOCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG 6# 5 HH 82' 5 ++
5QPPGP WPF .ÌYGP 1TFGP = و ریش دیخورش0KUEJCP K 5EJKT W -JWTUEJKF? /QFGNN #WUICDG HÒT <KXKNKUVGP WPF #WUN·PFGT OKV TWJGPFGO .ÌYGP &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG SWCFTCVHÌTOKIG #WUHÒJTWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV 5VTCJNGP )QNF IGND ITÒP GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO QTKIKPCNGP $CPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 5CPKQN /COCNGM KP 6GJGTCP 6# 5 HH 82' 5 4 ++ +O QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK PKEJV J·WHKI \W HKPFGP
286
REPUBLIK PERU
1057
1TFGP FGU .KEJVU =0KUEJCP K *QOC[WP? 5GV FGT -NCUUG \KXKNG #WUHÒJTWPI DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNU FGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQP XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV HGKPUVG 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VGKNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV 'OCKNNGOCNGTGK CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGT WPF GT 5KNDGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
1058 1059
4'27$.+- 2'47
1TFGP &KG 5QPPG XQP 2GTW =1TFGP 'N 5QN FG 2GTÐ? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT %CUC 0CEKQPCN FG /QPGFC KP .KOC CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 HH 6# 5 82' 5 ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YKTF FGT $TWUVUVGTP FGT UKEJ XQO $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQMTGW\ FWTEJ FKG HGJNGPFG 'OCKNNG FGU .QTDGGTMTCP\GU WPVGTUEJGKFGV CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP &GT 1TFGP YWTFG WTURTÒPINKEJ XQP )GPGTCN 5CP /CTVÃP CO 1MVQDGT IGUVKHVGV /KV &GMTGV FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP #WIWUVQ $ .GIWÃC [ 5CNEGFQ YWTFG FGT KP\YKUEJGP WPVGTIGICPIGPG 1TFGP CO #RTKN CNU UGEJUMNCUUKIGT 5QPFGTUVWHG FGU )TQMTGW\GU )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP GTPGWGTV
1TFGP &KG 5QPPG XQP 2GTW =1TFGP 'N 5QN FG 2GTÐ? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV PKEJV GOCKNNKGTVGO .QTDGGTMTCP\ WO FCU /KVVGNOGFCKNNQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT %CUC 0CEKQPCN FG /QPGFC .KOC \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $7 5 HH 6# 5 82' 5 ++
287
REPUBLIK PERU
1061
1060 1062
1064
1064 1063
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HÒT JGTXQTTCIGPFG &KGPUVG =1TFGP CN /¾TKVQ RQT 5GTXKEKQU &KUVKPIWKFQU? -NGKPQF \WO )TQMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO 5EJWNVGTDCPF $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 ++
&GT UGEJUMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ OKV $TKNNCPVGP )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIG OGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQO %JGH FGT RGTWCPKUEJGP /KNKV·TLWPVC )GPGTCN <GPÉP 0QTKGIC #IÒGTQ OKV )GUGV\ &GMTGV 0T XQO ,WNK IGUVKHVGV &CU TGINCOGPVQ YWTFG OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO &G\GO DGT CRRTQDKGTV
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HÒT JGTXQTTCIGPFG &KGPUVG =1TFGP CN /¾TKVQ RQT 5GTXKEKQU &KUVKPIWKFQU? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT %CUC 0CEKQPCN FG /QPGFC KP .KOC CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YKTF FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HÒT JGTXQTTCIGPFG &KGPUVG =1TFGP CN /¾TKVQ RQT 5GTXKEKQU &KUVKPIWKFQU? 1HHK\KGTU FGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT %CUC 0CEKQ PCN FG /QPGFC KP .KOC CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG KO 'VWK $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 ++
&KG 1HHK\KGTU WPF 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQPGP FKGUGU 1TFGPU UKPF YGKVCWU UGNVGPGT KP 'WTQRC \W HKPFGP CNU FGUUGP JÌJGTG -NCUUGP
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP HÒT JGTXQTTCIGPFG &KGPUVG =1TFGP CN /¾TKVQ RQT 5GTXKEKQU &KUVKPIWKFQU? -QOOCP- FGWTFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT %CUC 0CEKQPCN FG /QPGFC KP .KOC CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 ++
/GFCKNNG HÒT %CNNCQ =/GFCNNC FG %CNNCQ ? CWEJ -TGW\ HÒT %CNNCQ IGPCPPV 'JTGP\GKEJGP KP )QNF HÒT )GPGT·NG WPF 5VCDUQHHK\KGTG )QNF GOCKNNKGTV GKP #TO OKV 'OCKNNGCDRNCV\WPI QJPG $CPFTKPI WPF QJPG $CPF 00/ 5 H 415 5 6# 4 ++ +++ ++
9·JTGPF FGU URCPKUEJ RGTWCPKUEJGP -TKGIGU XQP XGTGKVGNVGP CO /CK KO )GHGEJV KO *CHGP XQP %CNNCQ /CPP WPF -CPQPGPDQQVG FGT XGTGKPVGP RGTWCPKUEJ DQNKXKCPKUEJ EJKNGPKUEJGP 5VTGKVMT·HVG FGP NGV\VGP 8GTUWEJ FGT URCPKUEJGP (NQVVG CWH FGO RGTWCPKUEJGP (GUVNCPF \W NCPFGP 5GKVJGT KUV CO /CK FGT RGTWCPKUEJG 0CVKQPCNHGKGTVCI &KG GTUV XQP 2GTW IGUVKHVGVG /GFCKNNG HÒT CNNG DGVGKNKIVGP RGTWCPKUEJGP DQNKXKCPKUEJGP WPF EJKNGPKUEJGP -·ORHGT MCO KP 5KNDGT )QNF OKV WPF QJPG 'OCKN WPF CWEJ OKV 'FGNUVGKPGP HÒT FKG 2T·UKFGPVGP WPF /KPKUVGT FGT DGVTGHHGPFGP .·PFGT \WT 8GTNGKJWPI
288
REPUBLIK SENEGAL
1065
1066
4'27$.+- &'4 2*+.+22+0'0
'JTGP\GKEJGP )QNFGPGT 2HNWI FGU RJKNKRRKPKUEJGP 2T·UKFGPVGP HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG .CPF TGHQTO $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTIQNFGV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT (KTOC 'N 1TQ , 6WRC\ ,T CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV ++
4'27$.+- 5'+6
47#0&#
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGT 'KPVCWUGPF *ÒIGN =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FGU /KNNGU %QNNKPGU? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTC- VKQP #WUHÒJTWPI OKV 'OCKNNG $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF $7 5 H 4( 5 82' 5 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP UEJGKPV KP FGP HTÒJGP GT ,CJTGP IGUVKHVGV YQTFGP \W UGKP
1067
1068
4'27$.+- 5'0')#.
0CVKQPCNGT 1TFGP FGU .ÌYGP XQP 5GPGICN =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN FW .KQP FW 5GPGICN? -QOOCPFGWT FGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU CO NCPIGP *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $7 5 4( 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT JÌEJUVG UGPGICNGUKUEJG 8GTFKGPUV QTFGP YWTFG OKV 1TFQPPCP\ 0T XQO 1MVQDGT IGUVKHVGV WPF UQYKG XGT·PFGTV &KG #P\CJN FGT -QOOCPFGWTG KUV UVCVWCTKUEJ CWH DGITGP\V
8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG? 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUV DCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGU %QORVQKT (TCPEQ 5WKUUG KP &CMCT $7 5 4( 5 82' 5 4 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO 1MVQDGT IGUVKHVGV WPF FWTEJ FKG &GMTGVG 0T XQO #WIWUV WPF 0T XQO #WIWUV XGT·PFGTV
289
SYRIEN
1069
5;4+'0 5;4+5%*' #4#$+5%*' 4'27$.+- $<9 #4#$+5%*' 4'27$.+- 5;4+'0 5'+6
<KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT 5[TKUEJ #TCDKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM =โ ซ ?ุงู ู ุฏู ู ุงุงู ุณ ุชุญู ุงู ู ุณ ุงู โ ฌ/QFGNN OKV 2HGKNGP UGKV 5GV FGT -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV MWT\GO 5EJWNVGTDCPF #DUEJPKVV WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU KO 0CFGNJCMGP HTCP\ร UKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV Hร T GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 ++
&GT \WPยทEJUV XKGTMNCUUKIG CWยญGTQTFGPVNKEJG -NCUUG WPF -NCUUG 1TFGP YWTFG &GMTGV 0T XQO #RTKN XQO HTCP\ร UKUEJGP *QEJMQOOKUUCT Hร T 5[TKGP IGUVKHVGV /KV )GUGV\ &GMTGV 0T XQO ,WPK YWTFG FGT 1TFGP CNU 5[TKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG CWH Hร PH -NCUUGP DKU -NCUUG GTYGKVGTV WPF FKG +PUKIPKGP GTJKGNVGP PWPOGJT Hร PH 2HGKNG UVCVV DKUJGT UGEJU #O /CK GTJKGNV GT FKG $G\GKEJPWPI <KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT 5[TKUEJ #TCDKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM +P FKGUGT (QTO YKTF GT DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV XGTNKGJGP
1070
<KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT 5[TKUEJ #TCDKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM =โ ซ ?ุงู ู ุฏู ู ุงุงู ุณ ุชุญู ุงู ู ุณ ุงู โ ฌ/QFGNN OKV 2HGKNGP UGKV 5GV FGT -NCUUG DGUVGJGPF CWU *CNUFGMQTCVKQP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU KO 0CFGNJCMGP HTCP\ร UKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV Hร T GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP KO PKEJV MQTTGMVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC # /CTKG 5VWCTV KP 2CTKU $7 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 5Vร EM ++ 'Z #WMVKQP $QKUIKTCTF #UUQEKยพU KP 2CTKU XQO ,WPK -CV 0T /WVOCยญNKEJ XGTNKGJGP CP )GQTIGU )QTUG FGT DKU KP OGJTGTGP HTCP\ร UKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPIGP 7PVGT 5VCCVUUGMTGVยทT YCT 5VCCVUUGMTGVยทT WPF XQP DKU /KPKUVGT KP OGJTGTGP -CDKPGVVGP WPF 4GUUQTVU XQP DKU $QVUEJCHVGT KP #NIGTKGP WPF UEJNKGยญNKEJ XQP UKE DKU $ร TIGTOGKUVGT FGT 5VCFV $QWNQIPG $KNNCPEQWTV KP FGT 0ยทJG XQP 2CTKU YKMKRGFKC HT
290
TANSANIA SANSIBAR
1072
1071 (1:1)
1071 (1:1)
6#05#0+# 5#05+$#4 57.6#0#6 5#05+$#4
1TFGP FGU 5VTCJNGPFGP 5VGTPU /QFGNN OKV /QPQITCOO XQP 5WNVCP 5C[[KF $CTIJCUEJ DKP 5C KF #N $WUCKF =РђФ ?пД┘ёпе┘ѕп│п╣┘іп» п│ п╣┘іп» пе ┘є пе п▒п║п┤Рђг-NGKPQF FGT -NCUUG )QNF VNY HGKPUV \KUGNKGTV RQNKGTV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP PCJG\W WPUKEJVDCTG GZ\GNNGPV CWUIGH├њJTVG 'OCKNNGTGRCTCVWTGP QJPG 5EJWNVGTDCPF $7 5 6# 5 HH 82' 5 44 ++
'ZGORNCT XQP CW┬ГGTQTFGPVNKEJ UEJ├їPGT #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV┬иV WPF KP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT 'TJCNVWPI KP GEJV )QNF PWT UGJT UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
&CU CWUIGFGJPVG 4GKEJ XQP 5C KF DKP 5WNVCP 5WNVCP XQP 1OCP WPF 5CPUKDCT YWTFG XQP \YGKGP UGKPGT 5├їJPG IGVGKNV +P 5CPUKDCT HQNIVG 5WNVCP $CTIJCUEJ DKP 5C KF FGT FGP 1TFGP FGU 5VTCJNGPFGP 5VGTPU KP \YGK -NCUUGP OKV 5VCVWVGP XQO 5GRVGODGT IGFTWEMV KP /QPKVGWT FG NC .┬ЙIKQP F┼Ѕ*QPPGWT = ? 5 H GTPGWGTV CO #WIWUV UVKHVGVG &C┬Г FGT 1TFGP UEJQP XQTGZKUVKGTVG KUV O├їINKEJ &KG QFGT (├њTUVGPMNCUUG YWTFG YQJN PWT GKP GKP\KIGU /CN XGTNKGJGP UKG YWTFG UR┬иVGUVGPU HCNNGPIGNCUUGP &KG -NCUUG YCT KP UGKV KP 5VWHGP WPVGTVGKNV 8GTGKPHCEJGPF YGTFGP FKG H├њPH 5VWHGP JKGT UGKV CWEJ QHHK\KGNN CNU -NCUUGP┼ї DKU DG\GKEJPGV &GT 1TFGP YWTFG KPN┬иPFKUEJGP *QPQTCVKQTGP $GCOVGP CWH FGO (GUVNCPF &KRNQOCVGP -QNQPKCNDGCOVGP *CPFGNUJGTTGP WPF 5EJKHHUMCRKV┬иPGP XGTNKGJGP &GT 4GKEJUMCP\NGT (├њTUV 1VVQ X $KUOCTEM DGUC┬Г FKG -NCUUG OKV &KCOCPVGP &KG 1TFGPU\GKEJGP DNKGDGP PCJG\W WPXGT┬иPFGTV CDGT UKGDGP 5WNVCPG UGV\VGP KJTGP MCNNKITCRJKUEJGP 0COGPU\WI KP FKG /GFCKNNQPU WPF \YGK 5WNVCPG ┬иPFGTVGP FKG /GFCKNNQPU Y┬иJTGPF KJTGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV UQ FC┬Г GU KO )CP\GP PGWP /QFGNNG IKDV 5GKV YWTFGP FKG 8GTNGKJWPIGP KP FGT <CP\KDCT 1HHKEKCN )C\GVVG XGT├їHHGPVNKEJV FKGUG 3WGNNG KUV CDGT PWT \W GVYC XQNNUV┬иPFKI 8IN .CYTGPEG #TEJGT , * 6JG 1TFGTU QH %JKXCNT[ .QPFQP 5 H 6COOCPP ) # &KG 1TFGP XQP 5CPUKDCT 'KP 5VTGKHNKEJV CWH FKG FGWVUEJG -QNQPKCNIGUEJKEJVG +P 1HHGPDCEJGT 2JCNGTKUVKUEJG 5VWFKGP $F 1HHGPDCEJ 5 7PF )4 5 H
1TFGP FGU 5VTCJNGPFGP 5VGTPU /QFGNN OKV +PUEJTKHV -CYMCD GN &WTTK GN <KPLKDCTK =1TFGP FGU 5VTCJNGPFGP 5VGTPU XQP 5CPUKDCT ? $TWUVUVGTP \WT WPF -NCUUG HTCP\├їUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI #WUH├њJTWPI OKV TQV GOCKNNKGTVGO /GFCKNNQP &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV <GPVTWO TQV GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO 4GXGTU 9KGFGTJQNWPI FGT XQTFGTUGKVKIGP +P- UEJTKHV CP HCEJIGTGEJV GTPGWGTVGT 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP $7 5 6# 5 HH 82' 5 4 ++
(├њT FKG <GKV DKU UKPF KP FGT <CP\KDCT 1HHKEKCN )C\GVVG 8GTNGKJWPIGP KP FGT -NCUUG WPF KP FGT -NCUUG CWHIGH├њJTV +P FGT -NCUUG YWTFG FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKP QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVFGMQTCVKQP IGVTCIGP
291
K√ЦNIGREICH SIAM / THAILAND
1073
1074
1075
1076
1078
1077
-¤0+)4'+%* 5+#/ $<9 5'+6 6*#+.#0&
&GT 5GJT 'TJCDGPG 1TFGP FGU 9GK¬≠GP 'NGRJCPVGP =аєАаЄДаЄ£аЄЈ аЄ≠аЄЗаЄ£аЄ≤аЄКаЄ≠аЄіаЄ™аЄ£аЄі аЄҐаЄ≤аЄ†аЄ£аЄУаєМаЄ≠аЄЩаЄ± аєАаЄЫаєЗ аЄЩаЄЧаЄµ аєАаЄКаЄіаЄФаЄКаЄєаЄҐ аЄЗаЄі аЄКаєЙаЄ≤аЄЗаєАаЄЬаЄЈаЄ≠аЄБ? /QFGNN
$TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG &WTEJOGUUGT OO 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\√МUKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G ++
&GT WTURT√ТPINKEJ XKGTMNCUUKIG <KXKN WPF /KNKV¬ЈT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQP -√МPKI /QPIMWV 4COC +8 IGUVKHVGV 9QJN YWTFG GT CWH H√ТPH -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV FKG )GUVCNVWPI UGKPGT +PUKIPKGP YGUGPVNKEJ XGT¬ЈPFGTV WPF WO FKG )QNFGPG WPF 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG CNU WPVGTUVG -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV YWTFG FGT 1TFGP TGQTICPKUKGTV CWH CEJV -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV WPF FGP +PUKIPKGP KJTG LGV\KIG )GUVCNVWPI IGIGDGP
&GT 5GJT 'TJCDGPG 1TFGP FGU 9GK¬≠GP 'NGRJCPVGP =аєАаЄДаЄ£аЄЈаЄ≠ аЄЗаЄ£аЄ≤аЄКаЄ≠аЄіаЄ™аЄ£аЄіаЄҐаЄ≤аЄ†аЄ£аЄУаєМаЄ≠ аЄ±аЄЩаєАаЄЫаєЗаЄЩаЄЧаЄµаєА аЄКаЄіаЄФаЄКаЄєаЄҐаЄЗ аЄі аЄКаєЙаЄ≤аЄЗаєАаЄЬаЄЈаЄ≠аЄБ? /QFGNN UGKV $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG H√ТT *GTTGP L√ТPIGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OGJTGTG 1Z[FCVKQPUUVGNNGP CP 0CFGN $7 5 HH 82' 5 H +++ &GT 5GJT 'TJCDGPG 1TFGP FGU 9GK¬≠GP 'NGRJCPVGP =аєАаЄДаЄ£аЄЈ аЄ≠аЄЗаЄ£аЄ≤аЄКаЄ≠аЄіаЄ™аЄ£аЄі аЄҐаЄ≤аЄ†аЄ£аЄУаєМаЄ≠аЄЩаЄ± аєАаЄЫаєЗ аЄЩаЄЧаЄµ аєАаЄКаЄіаЄФаЄКаЄєаЄҐ аЄЗаЄі аЄКаєЙаЄ≤аЄЗаєАаЄЬаЄЈаЄ≠аЄБ? /QFGNN UGKV &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG H√ТT *GTTGP ¬ЈNVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKV CNVGO *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP XKQNGVVGP 'VWK OKV IQNFHCTDGPGT /GVCNNCWHNCIG $7 5 HH 82' 5 H ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG SWCNKVCVKX UGJT IWVG #PHGTVKIWPI CWU FGP GT ,CJTGP
&GT 5GJT 'TJCDGPG 1TFGP FGU 9GK¬≠GP 'NGRJCPVGP =аєАаЄДаЄ£аЄЈ аЄ≠аЄЗаЄ£аЄ≤аЄКаЄ≠аЄіаЄ™аЄ£аЄі аЄҐаЄ≤аЄ†аЄ£аЄУаєМаЄ≠аЄЩаЄ± аєАаЄЫаєЗ аЄЩаЄЧаЄµ аєАаЄКаЄіаЄФаЄКаЄєаЄҐ аЄЗаЄі аЄКаєЙаЄ≤аЄЗаєАаЄЬаЄЈаЄ≠аЄБ? /QFGNN UGKV &GMQTCVKQP FGT QFGT -NCUUG H√ТT &COGP ¬ЈNVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4√ТEMUGKVG FGT -TQPG VJCKN¬ЈPFKUEJGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G QJPG $CPF $7 5 HH 82' 5 H ++ &GT 5GJT 'TJCDGPG 1TFGP FGU 9GK¬≠GP 'NGRJCPVGP =аєАаЄДаЄ£аЄЈ аЄ≠аЄЗаЄ£аЄ≤аЄКаЄ≠аЄіаЄ™аЄ£аЄі аЄҐаЄ≤аЄ†аЄ£аЄУаєМаЄ≠аЄЩаЄ± аєАаЄЫаєЗ аЄЩаЄЧаЄµ аєАаЄКаЄіаЄФаЄКаЄєаЄҐ аЄЗаЄі аЄКаєЙаЄ≤аЄЗаєАаЄЬаЄЈаЄ≠аЄБ? /QFGNN UGKV &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG H√ТT &COGP ¬ЈNVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4√ТEMUGKVG FGT -TQPG VJCKN¬ЈPFKUEJGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G WPF CP QTKIKPCNGT &COGPUEJNGKHG $7 5 HH 82' 5 H ++ &GT 5GJT 'JTGPYGTVG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 6JCKNCPF =аєАаЄДаЄ£аЄЈ аЄ≠аЄЗаЄ£аЄ≤аЄКаЄ≠аЄіаЄ™аЄ£аЄі аЄҐаЄ≤аЄ†аЄ£аЄУаєМаЄ≠аЄЩаЄ± аЄ°аЄµаєАаЄБаЄµаЄҐаЄ£аЄХаЄіаЄҐаЄ®аЄҐаЄі аЄЗаЄ°аЄЗаЄБаЄЄаЄОаєДаЄЧаЄҐ? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG H√ТT *GTTGP L√ТPIGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN $7 5 HH 82' 5 H ++ &GT WTURT√ТPINKEJ XKGTMNCUUKIG <KXKN WPF /KNKV¬ЈT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO &G\GODGT XQP -√МPKI %JWNCNQPIMQTP 4COC 8 IGUVKHVGV 9QJN YWTFG GT CWH H√ТPH -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV FKG )GUVCNVWPI UGKPGT +PUKIPKGP YGUGPVNKEJ XGT¬ЈPFGTV WPF WO FKG )QNFGPG WPF 5KNDGTPG /GFCKNNG CNU WPVGTUVG -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV YWTFG FGT 1TFGP TGQTICPKUKGTV CWH CEJV -NCUUGP GTYGKVGTV WPF FGP +PUKIPKGP KJTG LGV\KIG )GUVCNVWPI IGIGDGP 8IN CWEJ )4 5 HH
292
REPUBLIK TSCHAD
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
&GT 5GJT 'JTGPYGTVG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 6JCKNCPF =р╣Ар╕Др╕гр╕╖ р╕нр╕Зр╕гр╕▓р╕Кр╕нр╕┤р╕кр╕гр╕┤ р╕вр╕▓р╕ар╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╕нр╕Щр╕▒ р╕бр╕╡р╣Ар╕Бр╕╡р╕вр╕гр╕Хр╕┤р╕вр╕ир╕вр╕┤ р╕Зр╕бр╕Зр╕Бр╕╕р╕Ор╣Др╕Чр╕в? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV &GMQTCVKQP \WT -NCUUG H├ТT *GTTGP ┬╖NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4├ТEMUGKVG FGT -TQPG VJCKN┬╖PFKUEJG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\KGTWPI CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV $7 5 HH 82' 5 H ++
&GT 5GJT 'JTGPYGTVG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 6JCKNCPF =р╣Ар╕Др╕гр╕╖ р╕нр╕Зр╕гр╕▓р╕Кр╕нр╕┤р╕кр╕гр╕┤ р╕вр╕▓р╕ар╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╕нр╕Щр╕▒ р╕бр╕╡р╣Ар╕Бр╕╡р╕вр╕гр╕Хр╕┤р╕вр╕ир╕вр╕┤ р╕Зр╕бр╕Зр╕Бр╕╕р╕Ор╣Др╕Чр╕в? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV &GMQTCVKQP \WT -NCUUG H├ТT *GTTGP L├ТPIGTG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF $7 5 HH 82' 5 H ++
&GT 5GJT 'JTGPYGTVG 1TFGP FGT -TQPG XQP 6JCKNCPF =р╣Ар╕Др╕гр╕╖ р╕нр╕Зр╕гр╕▓р╕Кр╕нр╕┤р╕кр╕гр╕┤ р╕вр╕▓р╕ар╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╕нр╕Щр╕▒ р╕бр╕╡р╣Ар╕Бр╕╡р╕вр╕гр╕Хр╕┤р╕вр╕ир╕вр╕┤ р╕Зр╕бр╕Зр╕Бр╕╕р╕Ор╣Др╕Чр╕в? UGKV /QFGNN UGKV &GMQTCVKQP \WT -NCUUG H├ТT *GTTGP ┬╖NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4├ТEMUGKVG FGT -TQPG VJCKN┬╖PFKUEJG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\KGTWPI CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG $7 5 HH 82' 5 H ++
4'27$.+- 65%*#&
0CVKQPCNQTFGP =1TFTG 0CVKQPCN? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO *CNUDCPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 H 4( 5 H 6# 5 82' 5 ++
&GT H├ТPHMNCUUKIG )TQ┬нMTGW\ )TQ┬нQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV 0T XQO #RTKN IGUVKHVGV WPF FWTEJ FKG &GMTGVG 0T 24 XQO #WIWUV WPF 0T 24 XQO &G\GODGT XGT┬╖PFGTV
<KXKN 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG FW /┬╛TKVG %KXKSWG? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 H 4( 5 82' 5 44 ++
&GT H├ТPHMNCUUKIG )TQ┬нMTGW\ )TQ┬нQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG OKV &GMTGV 0T 24 XQO #WIWUV IGUVKHVGV WPF OKV &GMTGV 0T 24 %/ XQO &G\GODGT XGT┬╖PFGTV
/KNKV┬╖T 8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ =%TQKZ FW /┬╛TKVG /KNKVCKTG? 8GTUKNDGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF 4( 5 4 ++ )GUVKHVGV XQP 2T┬╖UKFGPV (TCP┬╝QKU 0ICTVC 6QODCNDC[G OKV &GMTGV 0T 24 %/ XQO &G\GODGT
293
TÜRKEI
1085
6ª4-'+ 15/#0+5%*'5 4'+%* $+5
1UOCPLG 1TFGP =1UOCPÄ 0KqCPK? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQPGP OKV ITÒP GOCKNNKGTVGP 5VTCJNGP $TWUVUVGTP \WT -NCUUG OKV $TKNNCPVGP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV 8GTIQNFWPI CWH FGO 4GXGTU OGFCKNNQP VNY XGTICPIGP /GFCKNNQP )QNF GOCKNNKGTV DGUGV\V ¯ LQWT OKV &KCOCPVGP 9 2+ KP #NV UEJNKHH FCXQP XQP DKU EV XQP DKU EV WPF \W EV KO FGT\GKVKIGP )GUCOVYGTV XQP EC CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 9KFOWPIUITCXWT * 4 * 2TKPEG #ZGN QH &GPOCTM OKV -TQPG CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP #PIGDQVGP OKV 9GTVDGUEJGKPKIWPI FGU ,WYGNKGTU 1GFKPI 'TFGN KP /ÒPUVGT 4444 + ++ 2TKP\ #ZGN XQP &·PGOCTM JCV FKG -NCUUG FGU 1UOCPLG 1TFGPU OKV $TKNNCPVGP CO &G\GODGT XQP 5WNVCP #DFÒNJCOKF ++
KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN XGTNKGJGP DGMQOOGP <WUCOOGP OKV FGO /CTKPGMCFGVVGP ,CJTICPI ņ FGO GT CPIGJÌTVG PCJO CP FGT 9KPVGT -TGW\HCJTV FGU F·PKUEJGP -TGW\GTU *GLOFCN KPU /KVVGN OGGT XQO 1MVQDGT DKU (GDTWCT VGKN +P -QPUVCP VKPQRGN GTTGIVG FGT 7OUVCPF FC GKP MÌPKINKEJGT 2TKP\ CNU GKPHCEJGT 5GEQPF .KGWVGPCPV CP $QTF GKPGU -TGW\GTU FKGPVG ITÌVGU #WHUGJGP <YGK 6CIG PCEJ FGT #PMWPHV KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN CO &G\GODGT IG Y·JTVG #DFÒNJCOKF ++ FGO L·JTKIGP 2TKP\GP \WUCOOGP OKV FGO UEJYGFKUEJGP )GUCPFVGP GKPG #WFKGP\ KO 8GTNCWHG FGTGT GT FKG 1TFGPUKPUKIPKGP RGTUÌPNKEJ XQO 5WNVCP ÒDGTTGKEJV DGMCO #O HQNIGP FGP 6CI &G\GODGT XGTCPNCVG FGT 5WNVCP FKG 8GTNGKJWPI XQP 1TFGP CP CNNG 1HHK\KGTG FGU -TGW\GTU #O INGKEJGP 6CI DGGJTVGP 2TKP\ #DFÒTTCJKO *C[TK 'HGPFK 5QJP FGU 5WNVCPU KP $GINGK VWPI GKPGU QUOCPKUEJGP (GNFOCTUEJCNNU FGP -TGW\GT YQ UKG OKV CNNGP 'JTGP WPF 2CTCFG GORHCPIGP YWTFGP #O &G\GODGT NKGH FKG *GLOFCN YKGFGT CWU OKV -WTU CWH 2KTCGWU -NCWU (GFGT 6ÎPFGT PCEJ .CTU 9KUOCPP (CTWO WPF 2JKNKR ,ÎTIGPUGP *ÎTUJQO *KUVQTKUEJGU 1DLGMV CWU MÌPKINKEJGO $GUKV\ WPF KPVGTGUUCPVGU $GNGIUVÒEM HÒT FKG )GUEJKEJVG FGT F·PKUEJ VÒTMKUEJGP $G\KGJWPIGP /WVOCNKEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI XQP GTUVMNCUUKIGT #PHGTVKIWPIUSWCNKV·V XQP PCEJYGKUDCTGT MÌPKINKEJGT 2TQXGPKGP\ WPF KP GZ\GNNGPVGT 'TJCNVWPI &KG DGKIGHÒIVG 9GTVDGUEJGKPKIWPI FGU ,WYGNKGTU 1GFKPI 'TFGN KP /ÒPUVGT IKDV HÒT FKG 5VGKPG GKPGP IGIGPY·TVKIGP 9KGFGTDGUEJCHHWPIUYGTV XQP \WUCOOGP EC CP
2TKP\ #ZGN %JTKUVKCP )GQTI XQP &·PGOCTM WPF DKU CWEJ XQP +UNCPF YCT FGT \YGKV·NVGUVG 5QJP FGU UR·VGTGP #FOKTCNU 2TKP\ 9CNFGOCT XQP &·PGOCTM WPF FGUUGP )GOCJNKP /CTKG IGD 2TKP\GUUKP XQP 1TN¾CPU WPF UQOKV GKP 'PMGN -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU +: XQP &·PGOCTM 0GHHG -ÌPKI (TGFGTKMU 8+++ WPF W X C 8GVVGT )TCFGU -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU : -ÌPKI *CCMQPU 8++ XQP 0QTYGIGP -ÌPKI -QPUVCPVKPU + XQP )TKGEJGPNCPF -ÌPKI )GQTIU 8 XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP
FGU TWUUKUEJGP -CKUGTU 0KMQNCWU ++ WPF XQP 'TPUV #WIWUV XQP *CPPQXGT *GT\QI XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI
294
TÜRKEI 'T YCT DKU 1HHK\KGT KP FGT &·PKUEJGP /CTKPG FGT FKG OKNKV·TKUEJG .CWHDCJP DGIKPPGPF XQO 5GGMCFGVV DKU \WO -CRKV·P FWTEJNCWHGP JCVVG WPF YWTFG \WO -QPVGTCFOKTCN ¯ NC UWKVG WPF \WO #FOKTCN ¯ NC UWKVG DGHÌTFGTV 8QP DKU YCT GT &KTGMVQT FGT F·PKUEJGP 1UVCUKCVKUEJGP -QORCPKG WPF UGNDUV CWEJ 2KNQV HÒT MWT\G <GKV CWEJ &KTGMVQT FGT F·PKUEJGP (NWIIGUGNNUEJCHV 5#5 #NU DGIGKUVGTVGT 5RQTVNGT YCT GT CWEJ UGKV /KVINKGF FGU +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP 1N[ORKUEJGP -QOKVGGU /KV UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTICTGVJC IGD 2TKP\GUUKP XQP 5EJYGFGP JCVVG GT \YGK 5ÌJPG 2TKP\ )GQTI WPF 2TKP\ (NGOOKPI )TCH XQP 4QUGPDQTI
YKMKRGFKC FM
+PJCDGT \CJNTGKEJGT JQJGT F·PKUEJGT WPF CWUN·PFKUEJGT #WU\GKEJPWPIGP YCT GT W C 4KVVGT FGU 'NGRJCPVGP 1TFGPU
FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP 5GTCRJKO 1TFGPU 0T FGU LCRCPKUEJGP 1TFGPU FGT #WHIGJGPFGP 5QPPG OKV 2CYNQYPKC $NÒVGP WPF FGU RTGWKUEJGP *QJGP 1TFGPU XQO 5EJYCT\GP #FNGT 0T )TQMQOOCPFGWT FGU &CPPGDTQI 1TFGPU &CPPGDTQIU /CPP +PJCDGT FGT )TQMQTFQPU FGU DGNIKUEJGP .GQRQNF 1TFGPU )TQMTGW\ FGU ITKGEJKUEJGP 'TNÌUGT 1TFGPU FGU HKPPKUEJGP 1TFGPU FGT 9GKGP 4QUG FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 1TFGPU FGT 'JTGPNGIKQP FGU KVCNKGPKUEJGP 5V /CWTKVKWU WPF .C\CTWU 1TFGPU FGU OGEMNGPDWTI UEJYGTKPKUEJGP )TGKHGP 1TFGPU FGU <KXKNXGTFKGPUVQTFGPU XQO PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP .ÌYGP FGU PQTYGIK UEJGP 5V 1NCX 1TFGPU FGU RQNPKUEJGP 1TFGP 2QNQPKC 4GUVKVWVC FGU RTGWKUEJGP 4QVGP #FNGT 1TFGPU FGU DTKVK UEJGP 8KMVQTKC 1TFGPU FGU UCP OCTKPGUKUEJGP 1TFGPU XQO JN /CTKPWU WPF +PJCDGT FGT -NCUUG FGU VJCKN·PFKUEJGP /CJC %JCMTK 1TFGPU WPF FGU 1TFGPU XQO 9GKGP 'NGRJCPVGP -NCWU (GFGT 6ÎPFGT WPF /KEJCGN #WVGPITWDGT -QPUVCP\
8IN CWEJ #WVGPITWDGT /KEJCGN WPF (GFGT -NCWU 'KP CWUIG\GKEJPGVGT 2TKP\ ņ#ZGN XQP &·PGOCTM +P /KNKVCTKC ,CJTICPI *GHV 0QXGODGT &G\GODGT
&GT \WP·EJUV FTGKMNCUUKIG DKU -NCUUG ÒDGT FGO /GFLKFLKG 1TFGP CPIGUKGFGNVG <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUV QTFGP YWTFG 'PFG =#* ? XQO QUOCPKUEJGP 5WNVCP #DFÒN #\K\ IGUVKHVGV FKG CWUHÒJTNKEJGP 5VCVWVGP YWTFGP KO ,QWTPCN FG %QPUVCPVKPQRNG XQO ,CPWCT RWDNK\KGTV /QFGNN 'T YWTFG DGPCPPV PCEJ 5WNVCP 1UOCP + )C\K FGO $GITÒPFGT FGU 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJGU GTHQNIVG GKPG 5VCVWVGP ·PFGTWPI FGT \WHQNIG FKG +PUKIPKGP GKPG PGWG )GUVCNVWPI GTJKGNVGP WPF GKPG -NCUUG VTCIDCT CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG IGUVKHVGV YWTFG /QFGNN 'KPG 5VKHVWPI FGT \WYGKNGP KO *CPFGN XQTMQOOGPFGP -NCUUG CP GKPGO $TWUVDCPF QJPG 4QUGVVG KUV PKG GTHQNIV 5GKV MQPPVGP CNNG -NCUUGP CWEJ OKV IGMTGW\VGP QUOCPKUEJGP 5·DGNP =MKNK¼? XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP #NU DGUQPFGTG #WU\GKEJPWPI YWTFG FKG -NCUUG OKV 5VGKPGP DGUGV\V XGTNKGJGP YQDGK CWEJ 5VGTPMQTRWU FGU $TWUVUVGTPU XQNNUV·PFKI OKV $TKNNCPVGP WPF QFGT &KCOCPVTQUGP DGUGV\V YCT 0CEJ #WU TWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM YWTFG FGT 1TFGP YKG CNNG QUOCPKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP CWHIGJQDGP
1086
1087
1088
1UOCPLG 1TFGP =1UOCPÄ 0KqCPK? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQPGP OKV ITÒP GOCKNNKGTVGP 5VTCJNGP $TWUVUVGTP \WT WPF \WT -NCUUG 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT 5RKV\G FGU QDGTGP 5VTCJNU QUOCPKUEJG 2WP\G CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG *GTUVGNNGTDG\GKEJPWPI FGT QUOCPKUEJGP /ÒP\G KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN WPF 2WP\G CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 82' 5 ++
1UOCPLG 1TFGP =1UOCPÄ 0KqCPK? /QFGNN &GMQTCVKQPGP OKV ITÒP GOCKNNKGTVGP 5VTCJNGP &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT VNY DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPF 82' 5 ++
/GFLKFLKG 1TFGP = نشانی یدیمج/GEÄFÄ 0KĤCPÁ? &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 5KNDGT /GFCKNNQP WPF #ITCHHG )QNF VNY GOCKNNKGTV $CPFTKPI QHHGP CO CNVGP LGFQEJ PKEJV ICP\ MQTTGMVGP *CNUDCPF 82' 5 ++
'U FÒTHVG UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKP 'ZGORNCT CWU FGT 5VKHVWPIU\GKV QFGT MWT\ FCPCEJ CNUQ FGO <GKVTCWO FGU -TKO -TKGIGU JCPFGNP
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG DKU -NCUUG <KXKN WPF /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG KO #WIWUV XQO QUOCPKUEJGP 5WNVCP #DFÒN /GLKF + IGUVKHVGV 9QJN KO 8GTNCWH FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU YWTFG FKG 8GTNGKJWPI CNNGT -NCUUGP OKV IGMTGW\VGP 5·DGNP GKPIGHÒJTV #NU DGUQPFGTG #WU\GKEJPWPI YWTFG FKG -NCUUG OKV 5VGKPGP DGUGV\V XGTNKGJGP YQDGK FKG +PUKIPKGP PCJG\W XQNNUV·PFKI OKV $TKNNCPVGP WPF QFGT &KCOCPVTQUGP DGUGV\V YCT 0CEJ #WUTWHWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM YWTFG FGT 1TFGP YKG CNNG QUOCPKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP CWHIGJQDGP
295
TUNESIEN
1089 1091
1090
-TKGIU /GFCKNNG =*CTR /CFCN[CUÁ? UQIGP 'KUGTPG *CNDOQPF QFGT )CNNKRQNK 5VCT #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC )QFGV KP $GTNKP 5KNDGT GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTD\GKEJPWPI )1&'6 $'4.+0 KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK XQP )QFGV + ++
+P FKGUGT 2TCEJVGTJCNVWPI PWT ·WGTUV UGNVGP \W HKPFGP
670'5+'0
4')'065%*#(6 670+5 706'4 '+0'/ $'; 810 $+5 (4#0<¤5+5%*'5 2416'-614#6 CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP 1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU = االفتخ ار نيش ان0KUEJCP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG /WJCOOCF CU 5CFQM = ?الص ادق محمدXQP /QJCOOGF +++ CU 5CFQM $G[ &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG )TQQHHK\KGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H ++
7PIGYÌJPNKEJG #PHGTVKIWPI XQP HTÒJGT WPF JQJGT 3WCNKV·V )GUEJCHHGP CF JQE PCEJ FGO 8QTDKNF FGU 1UOCPKUEJGP 1TFGPU FGU 4WJOU =0KĤCP Á ĂHVKJCT? NGV\VGTGT IGUVKHVGV = ? XQP 5WNVCP /CJOWF ++ XGTICD #DW #NPCMWDC /WUVCHC CN *WUUCKPK 2CUEJC $G[ $G[ WPF +PJCDGT FGT 4GIGPVUEJCHV KP 6WPKU KO ,CJT CP UGKPGP CWGPRQNKVKUEJGP $GTCVGT )KWUGRRG %QPVG 4CHHQ GKPG CNU 1TFGP FGU 4WJOU =0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? DG\GKEJPGVG #WU\GKEJPWPI CNU <GKEJGP UGKPGT DGUQPFGTGP 9GTVUEJ·V\WPI HÒT FKG KJO WPF UGKPGT (COKNKG IGNGKUVGVGP DGUQPFGTGP 8GTFKGPUVG 8GTCPNCV FWTEJ UGKPGP RGTUÌPNKEJGP #FLWVCPVGP FGO GDGPHCNNU CWU FGO -ÌPKITGKEJ 2KGOQPV 5CTFKPKGP UVCOOGPFGP 1DGTUV .QWKU %CNNKICTKU )TÒPFGT FGT /KNKV·TUEJWNG XQP 6WPKU PCJO #EJOGF + $G[ 0CEJHQNIGT XQP /WUVCHC + $G[ FGP )GFCPMGP CWH GKPG GKIGPG #WU\GKEJPWPI \W UEJCHHGP XGTYKTMNKEJVG FKG 8QTUEJN·IG UGKPGU #FLWVCPVGP WPF UVKHVGVG GKPG \WP·EJUV XKGTUVWHKIG #WU\GKEJPWPI WPVGT FGT $G\GKEJPWPI 0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT YQ\W %CNNKICTKU CWEJ FCU 4GINGOGPV XGTHCVG /QFGNN
<WP·EJUV HÒIVG #DW #DFWNNCJ /QJCOOGF ++ CN *WUUCKPK 2CUEJC $G[ 0CEJHQNIGT XQP #EJOGF + $G[ PCEJ UGKPGT 4GIKGTWPIUÒDGTPCJOG UGKPG GKIGPG 0COGPUEJKHHTG = محمد/WJCOOCF? GKP UCJ UKEJ LGFQEJ IG\YWPIGP CWHITWPF FGT GZVTGO JQJGP -QUVGP HÒT FKG *GTUVGNNWPI FGT +PUKIPKGP KP GEJVGP 5VGKPGP FGP 1TFGP \W TGQTICPKUKGTGP WPF FKG )GUVCNVWPI FGT &GMQTCVKQPGP YGUGPVNKEJ \W XGT·PFGTP 'T DGCWHVTCIVG JKGT\W 5K /QJCOOGF )CTC FGP &KTGMVQT FGT VWPGUKUEJGP /ÒP\G KP .G $CTFQ FGT FKG PGWGP +PUKIPKGP GPVYCTH WPF FGTGP PGWG )GUVCNVWPI CWEJ FKG <WUVKOOWPI XQP /QJCOOGF ++ $G[ HCPFGP &KG PGWGP +PUKIPKGP FGU OÌINKEJGTYGKUG HÒPHMNCUUKIGP
*ÌEJUVG -NCUUG WPF DKU -NCUUG YWTFGP KP DTKNNCPVKGTVGO WPF VGKNU TGRGTEKGTVGO 5KNDGT WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWUIGHÒJTV /QFGNN #WUICDG WPF DKU FGO ,CJT KJTGT 5EJNKGWPI KP FGT 4GIGN KP FGT VWPGUKUEJGP /ÒP\G XQP .G $CTFQ JGTIGUVGNNV &CPCEJ YWTFGP UKG XQP XGTUEJKGFGPGP ,WYGNKGTGP KP 6WPKU W C 5HG\ CPIGHGTVKIV UQYKG UEJQP UGKV UR·VGUVGPU CWEJ KP 2CTKU W C XQP 5VQRKP WPF &WRGVKVDQUS .GOCÄVTG WPF #TVJWU $GTVTCPF $KNNCTU WPF # & /CTKG UQYKG %JQDKNNQP -T¾VN[ WPF (C[QNNG
5GKP 0CEJHQNIGT #DW #DFWNNCJ /QJCOOGF +++ CU 5CFQM CN *WUUCKPK 2CUEJC $G[ HÒIVG PCEJ UGKPGO 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV UGKPG GKIGPG 0COGPUEJKHHTG = الص ادق محمد/WJCOOCF CU 5CFQM? KP FKG /GFCKNNQPU FGT +PUKIPKGP GKP /QFGNN #WUICDG /KV &GMTGV XQO (GDTWCT /·T\ GTNKG GT UEJNKGNKEJ WOHCPITGKEJG 5VCVWVGP WPF GTYGKVGTVG KJP CWH PWPOGJT UGEJU -NCUUGP *ÌEJUVG -NCUUG DKU -NCUUG
296
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU = االفتخ ار نيش ان0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG /WJCOOCF CU 5CFQM = ?الص ادق محمدXQP /QJCOOGF +++ CU 5CFQM $G[ &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG -QOOCPFGWT VWPGUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 2WP\KGTWPI FGT VWPGUKUEJGP /ÒP\G KP .G $CTFQ CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H ++
TUNESIEN
1094
1092
1093
1095
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG #NK =โ ซ ?ุนู ู โ ฌXQP #NK +++ $G[ &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 1HHK\KGT VWPGUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGT 4ร EMUGKVG 2WP\KGTWPI FGT VWPGUKUEJGP /ร P\G KP .G $CTFQ CO QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H ++
+P (QNIG FGT 'TTKEJVWPI FGU HTCP\ร UKUEJGP 2TQVGMVQTCVU ร DGT 6WPKU FWTEJ FGP 8GTVTCI XQP .G $CTFQ XQO /CK GTJKGNV FGT HTCP\ร UKUEJG )GPGTCN 4GUKFGPV KP 6WPKU CNU #WยญGPOKPKUVGT FGU $G[U FCU CNNGKPKIG 8QTUEJNCIUTGEJV Hร T 8GTNGKJWPIGP FGU 1TFGPU CP #WUNยทPFGT 0KEJV 6WPGUKGT YCU FGP 1TFGP YGPP CWEJ PKEJV FG LWTG UQ FQEJ CDGT FG HCEVQ \W GKPGO HTCP\ร UKUEJGP -QNQPKCNQTFGP YGTFGP NKGยญ #DW CN *CUUCP #NK +++ /WFFCF CN *WUUCKPK 2CUEJC $G[
Hร IVG PCEJ UGKPGO 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV KP FKG +PUKIPKGP UGKPG GKIGPG 0COGPUEJKHHTG =โ ซ ุนู ู โ ฌ#NK? CP FKG 5VGNNG FGTLGPKIGP UGKPGU 8QTIยทPIGTU GKP /QFGNN #WUICDG IGUVCVVGVG GT FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 1TFGPU CWEJ CP &COGP
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG #NK =โ ซ ?ุนู ู โ ฌXQP #NK +++ $G[ &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 4KVVGT -NCUUG HTCP\ร UKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H ++ 1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG /WJCOOCF CN 0CUKT =โ ซ ?ุงู ู ุงุต ุฑ ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌXQP /QJCOOGF 8 CN 0CUKT $G[ ? $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQยญMQTFQP HTCP\ร UKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU WPF HTCP\ร UKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV Hร T GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H ++
&GT $TWUVUVGTP FGT -NCUUG WPVGTUEJGKFGV UKEJ XQP FGOLGPKIGP \WO )TQยญMQTFQP FCFWTEJ FCยญ GT \YKUEJGP FGP GKP\GNPGP 5VTCJNGPURKV\GP PWT Hร PH 5RKV\GP CWHYGKUV UVCVV YKG DGK NGV\VGTGO UKGDGP
&KG 0COGPUEJKHHTG YWTFG CWEJ XQP LGFGO PCEJHQNIGP $G[ FWTEJ FGUUGP LGYGKNU GKIGPG GTUGV\V UQ XQP /QJCOOGF +8 CN *CFK DKP #NK CN *WUUCKPK 2CUEJC $G[ =โ ซ ุงู ฺพ ุงุฏู ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌ/WJCOOCF #N *CFK? /QFGNN #WUICDG XQP /QJCOOGF 8 CN 0CUKT DKP /QJCOOGF CN *WUUCKPK 2CUEJC $G[ =โ ซ ุงู ู ุงุต ุฑ ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌ /WJCOCF CN 0CUKT? /QFGNN #WUICDG XQP /QJCOOGF 8+ CN *CDKD DKP /C OWP CN *WUUCKPK 2CUEJC $G[
=โ ซ ุงู ุญุจู ุจ ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌ/WJCOOCF CN *CDKD? /QFGNN #WUICDG XQP 5KFK #EJOGF ++ DKP #NK CN *WUUCKPK 2CUEJC $G[ =โ ซ ุจ ุงู ุฏุฃุญู โ ฌ#JOCF $G[? /QFGNN #WUICDG XQP /QJCOOGF 8++ CN /WPUKH $G[ DKP /QJCOOGF CN 0CUKT CN *WUUCKPK 2CUEJC $G[ =โ ซ ุจ ุงู ุงู ู ู ุต ู ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌ/WJCOOCF CN /WPUKH $G[? /QFGNN #WUICDG WPF UEJNKGยญNKEJ XQP /QJCOOGF 8+++ CN #OKP DKP /QJCOOGF CN *CDKD CN *WUUCKPK 2CUEJC $G[ FGO WPF NGV\VGP $G[ XQP 6WPKU =โ ซ ุจ ุงู ุงุฃู ู ู ู ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌ/WJCOOCF #N #OKP $G[?
/QFGNN #WUICDG
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG /WJCOOCF CN 0CUKT =โ ซ ?ุงู ู ุงุต ุฑ ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌXQP /QJCOOGF 8 CN 0CUKT $G[ ? &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 1HHK\KGT HTCP\ร UKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGCWUDTWEJ KP GKPGO 5VTCJN CO CNVGP QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT LGFQEJ IGNร UVGT 4QUGVVG 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H ++
297
TUNESIEN
1098
1096
1097
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG /WJCOOCF CN 0CUKT =โ ซ ?ุงู ู ุงุต ุฑ ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌXQP /QJCOOGF 8 CN 0CUKT $G[ ? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG 1HHK\KGT Hร T *GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF FCVKGTV 6WPKU OKV 5VGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV \WUCOOGP OKV #PHQTFGTWPIU 5EJTGKDGP ร DGT FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUVCZGP FCVKGTV 6WPKU CO /ยทT\ <CJNWPIU #PYGKUWPIUSWKVVWPI XQO #RTKN WPF 'ORHCPIUSWKVVWPI XQO /CK 6NY GKP QFGT OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV 5Vร EM ++
5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 8QNNUVยทPFKIMGKV *GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF YCT W C 2TQVQMQNN &KTGMVQT FGU HTCP\ร UKUEJGP #WยญGPOKPKUVGTKWOU WPF URยทVGT &KTGMVQT FGU $WTGCW F #FOKPKUVTCVKQP FGU 0ยพGTNCPFCKU KP 6QWNQWUG 9GKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP Hร T *GPT[ $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF UKGJG -CV 0T WPF
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG /WJCOOCF CN *CDKD =โ ซ ?ุงู ุญุจู ุจ ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌXQP /QJCOOGF 8+ CN *CDKD $G[ ? $TWUVUVGTP FGT -NCUUG )TQยญQHHK\KGT HTCP\ร UKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ร UKUEJGT *GTUVGNNGT WPF 5KNDGTRWP\G WPF HTCP\ร UKUEJGT 'KPHWJTRWP\G XQP DKU 5EJYCPGPRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H ++
+P FKGUGT -NCUUG YWTFG FGT $TWUVUVGTP CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKG *CNU QFGT $TWUVMTGW\ XGTNKGJGP WPF CWH FGT NKPMGP $TWUVUGKVG IGVTCIGP &GT $TWUVUVGTP FGT -NCUUG WPVGTUEJGKFGV UKEJ XQP FGOLGPKIGP \WO )TQยญMQTFQP FCFWTEJ FCยญ GT \YKUEJGP FGP GKP\GNPGP 5VTCJNGPURKV\GP PWT Hร PH 5RKV\GP CWHYGKUV UVCVV YKG DGK NGV\VGTGO UKGDGP
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG /WJCOOCF CN *CDKD =โ ซ ?ุงู ุญุจู ุจ ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌXQP /QJCOOGF 8+ CN *CDKD $G[ ? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WT -NCUUG -QOOCPFGWT Hร T *GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF FCVKGTV 6WPKU OKV 5VGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV \WUCOOGP OKV QHHK\KGNNGT HTCP\ร UKUEJGT ยชDGTUGV\WPI OKV 5VGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV #PHQTFGTWPIU 5EJTGKDGP ร DGT FKG 8GTNGK JWPIUVCZGP FCVKGTV 6WPKU CO 0QXGODGT <CJNWPIU #PYGKUWPIUSWKVVWPI XQO &G\GODGT WPF 'ORHCPIUSWKVVWPI XQO ,CPWCT 6NY GKP QFGT OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV 5Vร EM ++ 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 8QNNUVยทPFKIMGKV *GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF YCT W C 2TQVQMQNN &KTGMVQT FGU HTCP\ร UKUEJGP #WยญGP OKPKUVGTKWOU WPF URยทVGT &KTGMVQT FGU $WTGCW F #FOKPKUVTCVKQP FGU 0ยพGTNCPFCKU KP 6QWNQWUG 9GKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIU WTMWPFGP Hร T *GPT[ $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF UKGJG -CV 0T WPF
298
TUNESIEN
1099
1100
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG #EJOGF $G[ =โ ซ ?ุจ ุงู ุฃุญู ุฏโ ฌXQP ล 5KFKล #EJOGF ++ $G[ ? )TQยญMQTFQPUGV HTCP\ร UKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT ยคUG HTCP\ร UKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV Hร T GT 5KNDGT
'DGTMQRHRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV HTCP\ร UKUEJGT *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H 5Vร EM ++
+P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIRQUKVKQP YKTF FKG FC\WIGJร TKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG #EJOGF $G[ =โ ซ ?ุจ ุงู ุฃุญู ุฏโ ฌXQP ล 5KFKล #EJOGF ++ $G[ ? 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQยญMQTFQP Hร T *GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF FCVKGTV 6WPKU OKV 5VGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV \WUCOOGP OKV QHHK\KGNNGT HTCP\ร UKUEJGT ยชDGTUGV\WPI OKV 5VGORGN WPF 7PVGTUEJTKHV #PHQTFGTWPIU 5EJTGKDGP ร DGT FKG 8GTNGKJWPIUVCZGP FCVKGTV 6WPKU CO /ยทT\ 'ORHCPIUSWKVVWPI XQO #RTKN OKV \WIGJร TKIGO ยชDGTUGPFWPIUUEJGKP OKV FTGK RGTUร PNKEJGP ยชDGTUGPFWPIUPQVGP YQXQP GKPG \W -ร PKI )GQTI 8+ FGO &WEG WPF FGO (ร JTGT $G\WI PKOOV 6NY GKP QFGT OGJTHCEJ IGHCNVGV 5Vร EM ++ &KG FC\WIGJร TKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP
5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 8QNNUVยทPFKIMGKV WPF ร DGTCWU CWHUEJNWยญTGKEJ ร DGT FKG 2QUKVKQP FGT VWPGUKUEJGP 1TFGPUMCP\NGK YKG CWEJ FKG HTCP\ร UKUEJG 'KPUEJยทV\WPI FGT RQNKVKUEJGP .CIG *GPTK $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF YCT W C 2TQVQMQNN &KTGMVQT FGU HTCP\ร UKUEJGP #WยญGPOKPKUVGTKWOU WPF URยทVGT &KTGMVQT FGU $WTGCW F #FOKPKUVTCVKQP FGU 0ยพGTNCPFCKU KP 6QWNQWUG 9GKVGTG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFGP Hร T *GPT[ $QWUEJGV FG $GTPCTF UKGJG -CV 0T WPF
299
TUNESIEN
1102 1101
1103 1104
1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG #EJOGF $G[ =โ ซ ?ุจ ุงู ุฃุญู ุฏโ ฌXQP ล 5KFKล #EJOGF ++ $G[ ? &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG -QOOCPFGWT HTCP\ร UKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU WPF HTCP\ร UKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV Hร T GT 5KNDGT 'DGTMQRHRWP\G CO CNVGP QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H ++ 1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG #EJOGF $G[ =โ ซ ?ุจ ุงู ุฃุญู ุฏโ ฌXQP ล 5KFKล #EJOGF ++ $G[ ? &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 1HHK\KGT HTCP\ร UKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV KP FGT 6TCIGร UG HTCP\ร UKUEJG )CTCPVKGRWP\G UGKV Hร T GT 5KNDGT
'DGTMQRHRWP\G CO CNVGP QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG &C\W FKG /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO $ยทPFEJGP 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H 5Vร EM ++ 1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG #EJOGF $G[ =โ ซ ?ุจ ุงู ุฃุญู ุฏโ ฌXQP ล 5KFKล #EJOGF ++ $G[ ? &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG 1HHK\KGT HTCP\ร UKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP QTKIKPCNGP $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H ++ 1TFGP FGU 4WJOGU =โ ซ ุงุงู ู ุชุฎ ุงุฑ ู ู ุด ุงู โ ฌ0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT? UQIGP 0KUEJCP +HVKMJCT 1TFGP /QFGNN #WUICDG OKV 0COGPUEJKHHTG /WJCOOCF #N #OKP $G[ =โ ซ ?ุจ ุงู ุงุฃู ู ู ู ู ุญู ุฏโ ฌ XQP /QJCOOGF 8+++ CN #OKP $G[ ? &GMQTCVKQP -NCUUG -QOOCPFGWT HTCP\ร UKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO CNVGP QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF 6# 5 HH 82' 5 H ++ +P (QNIG FGT 'TMNยทTWPI FGT 7PCDJยทPIKIMGKV XQP 6WPKU CO /ยทT\ GPFGVG CWEJ FGT HTCP\ร UKUEJG 'KPHNWยญ CWH FKG 8GTNGKJWPIURQNKVKM YQFWTEJ FGT 1TFGP YKGFGT GKP TGKP VWPGUKUEJGT YWTFG /KV FGT #DUGV\WPI FGU WPF NGV\VGP $G[U /WJCOOCF 8+++ CN #OKP CO ,WNK WPF FGT CO INGKEJGP 6CI GTHQNIVGP #WUTWHWPI FGT 6WPGUKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM FWTEJ FGP VWPGUKUEJGP 2TGOKGTOKPKUVGT WPF URยทVGTGP 2TยทUKFGPVGP *CDKD $QWTIWKDC Jร TVG FGT 1TFGP CWH \W DGUVGJGP +P IGYKUUGT 9GKUG NGDV FGT 0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV KO 9KUCO CN +UVKSNCN =1TFGP FGT 7PCDJยทPIKIMGKV? HQTV FGT PQEJ XQP /QJCOOGF 8+++ CN #OKP $G[ IGUVKHVGV KP UGKPGT ยทWยญGTGP )GUVCNVWPI UVCTM CP FGP 0KUEJCP CN +HVKMJCT GTKPPGTV 8IN CWEJ $TCUKGT . WPF $TWPGV . .GU QTFTGU VWPKUKGPU 2CTKU *WIQP *GPTK .GU GODNยฝOGU FGU $G[U FG 6WPKU 2CTKU 5 /E0COCTC 4QDGTV 6 6JG 1TFGT QH 0KEJCP +HVKMJCT QH 6WPKU +P 6JG /GFCN %QNNGEVQT 0T 5 0T 5 WPF 0T 5 4WNNKGT % .G 0KEJCP +HVKMJCT FG 6WPKUKG +P 5[ODQNGU GV 6TCFKVKQPU 0T 5 WPF 0T 5 6COOCPP #PFTGCU &KG 6[RGP FGU VWPGUKUEJGP 1TFGPU 0KUEJCP GN +HVKMJCT +P $&15 ,CJTDWEJ 5
300
REPUBLIK (ÖSTLICH DES) URUGUAY
1105
4'27$.+- ¤56.+%* &'5 747)7#;
1TFGP FGT 4GRWDNKM ¤UVNKEJ FGU 7TWIWC[ =1TFGP FG NC 4GRÐDNKEC 1TKGPVCN FGN 7TWIWC[? /QFGNN
1TFGPUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGT DCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF VGKNYGKUG GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGT JCMGP 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM 4 ++
&GT \WP·EJUV GKPMNCUUKIG 1TFGP YWTFG IGUVKHVGV WPF KP GKPGP HÒPHMNCUUKIGP \KXKNGP 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP WO IGYCPFGNV 9GKVGTG +PHQTOCVKQPGP ÒDGT FGP 1TFGP FGT KP FKGUGT (QTO PWT EC CEJV ,CJTG NCPI XGTNKGJGP YQTFGP KUV UKGJG (TGF #NVOCPP &GT 1TFGP FGT 4GRWDNKM ¤UVNKEJ FGU 7TWIWC[ +P 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP ,CJTICPI *GHV #RTKN 5
1107 1106
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP HÒT #GTQPCWVKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG =1TFGP /KNKVCT CN /GTKVQ #GTQPCWVKEQ? -QOOCP FGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEM VGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 0 5 /G[GT KP 0GY ;QTM 82' 5 ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ -QOOCPFGWT WPF 4KVVGT CNU /GFCKNNG DG\GKEJPGVG /KNKV·T 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG UR·VGT KP /KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP HÒT #GTQPCWVKUEJG 8GTFKGPUVG WODGPCPPV
$1.+8#4+5%*' 4'27$.+- 8'0'<7'.#
1TFGP FGU $GHTGKGTU =1TFGP FGN .KDGTVCFQT? CWEJ 1TFGP FGT $ÒUVG $QNKXCTU IGPCPPV )TQ QHHK\KGTUUGV DGUVGJGPF CWU )TQQHHK\KGTUMTGW\ LÒPIGTG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP \WO )TQQHHK\KGT ·NVGTG #PHGTVKIWPI 5KNDGT DTKNNCPVKGTV WPF TGRGTEKGTV VNY XGTIQNFGV VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG KPPGP OKV GT 5KNDGTRWP\G KO YQJN PKEJV MQTTGMVGP GVYCU DGUEJ·FKIVGP 'VWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 HH 6# 5 H 82' 5 5VÒEM ++ +P FGT HQNIGPFGP -CVCNQIRQUKVKQP YKTF FKG OWVOCNKEJ FC\WIGJÌTKIG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG CPIGDQVGP
&GT CO #RTKN KP HÒPH -NCUUGP IGITÒPFGVG 1TFGP IGJV CWH FKG #WU\GKEJPWPIU /GFCKNNG /GFCNNC FG &KUVKPEKÉP XQP \WTÒEM &KGUG WTURTÒPINKEJ QXCNG IQNFGPG QFGT UKNDGTPG /GFCKNNG OW UEJQP XQT FKG (QTO FGU 1TFGPU\GKEJGPU FGU UR·VGTGP 1TFGPU FGU $GHTGKGTU CPIGPQOOGP JCDGP YWTFG CDGT CP GKPGO JGNNDNCWGP $CPF CO *CNU IGVTCIGP WPF JCVVG PCEJ * 5EJWN\G UEJQP OGJT CNU GKPG -NCUUG &GT 1TFGP JKG QHHK\KGNN XQP %QPFGEQTCEKÉP FGN $WUVQ FGN .KDGTVCFQT 8IN CWEJ 2NCPCU 5WCTG\ 5 *KUVQTKC FG NC 1TFGP FGN .KDGTVCFQT %CTCECU 6GPTGKTQ 6QOCU 2 %QPFGEQTCEKQPGU 0CEKQPCNGU %CTCECU 7TFCPGVC $TCUEJK '\GSWKGN $QNKXCT GP NC PWOKUOCVKEC EQPOGOQTCVKXC [ GP NCU EQPFGEQTCEKQPGU %CTCECU 5 )4+6< 5 HH
301
BOLIVARISCHE REPUBLIK VENEZUELA
1109
1108
1TFGP FGU $GHTGKGTU =1TFGP FGN .KDGTVCFQT? CWEJ 1TFGP FGT $ÒUVG $QNKXCTU IGPCPPV 1TKIKPCNG 8GTNGKJWPIUWTMWPFG \WO )TQQHHK\KGT HÒT FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #TOGGIGPGTCN 2KGTTG -QGPKI FCVKGTV %CTC ECU CO #WIWUV OKV 2T·IGUKGIGN WPF 1TKIKPCNWPVGTUEJTKHVGP XQP 2T·UKFGPV 4CÐN .GQPK 1VGTQ
WPF FGU #WGPOKPKUVGTU )GTQNNV KP &QMWOGPVGPTQNNG 4 ++
&KG OWVOCNKEJ FC\WIGJÌTKIG &GMQTCVKQP YKTF KP FGT XQTJGTIGJGPFGP -CVCNQI 2QUKVKQP CPIGDQVGP
302
/CTKG 2KGTTG -ĚPKI UEJNQ UKEJ PCEJ FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CRKVWNC VKQP FGP 5VTGKVMT·HVGP FGU HTGKGP (TCPMTGKEJ WPVGT )GPGTCN %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG
CP WPF PCJO CP FGT $GHTGKWPI FGU .CPFGU VGKN 9·JTGPF FGT $GUCV \WPIU\GKV YCT GT XQP DKU KP\YKUEJGP \WO )GPGTCN DGHÌTFGTV 1DGT DGHGJNUJCDGT FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $GUCV\WPIUVTWRRGP WPF /KNKV·TIQWXGTPGWT KP FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP $GUCV\WPIU\QPG +O #WIWUV UEJWH GT FCU PGWG .CPF 4JGKP NCPF 2HCN\ OKV /CKP\ CNU .CPFGUJCWRVUVCFV YWTFG GT )GPGTCNKPURGMVGWT FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6TWRRGP KP 0QTFCHTKMC WPF 8K\GRT·UKFGPV FGU 1DGTUVGP /KNK V·TTCVU 8QP DKU YCT -QGPKI 8GTVGKFKIWPIUOKPKUVGT KUV GT XQP 2T·UKFGPV (TCP¼QKU /KVVGTCPF RQUVWO \WO /CTUEJCNN XQP (TCPMTGKEJ GTPCPPV YQTFGP YKMKRGFKC
1TFGP XQP (TCPEKUEQ FG /KTCPFC =1TFGP (TCPEKUEQ FG /KTCPFC? )TQMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV VNY XGTUKNDGTV WPF VNY GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO QTKIKPCNGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT ,Q[GTKCU 7PKFCU 5 # $7 5 6# 5 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
USA
1110 1111
'JTGP\GKEJGP XQP )GPGTCN ,QU¾ # 2CG\ =%QPFGEQTCEKÉP )GPGTCN ,QU¾ # 2CG\? -TGW\ -NCUUG $TQP\G CO $CPF \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT $TQP\G CO $·PFEJGP WPF +PVGTKOURCPIG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK FGT (KTOC 0 5 /G[GT KP 0GY ;QTM 82' 5 5VÒEM ++
8GTFKGPUVMTGW\ FGT 0CVKQPCNICTFG $GYCHHPGVGP -T·HVG FGT <WUCOOGPCTDGKV =%TW\ FG NCU (WGT\CU #TOCFCU FG %QQRGTCEKÉP? -TGW\ -NCUUG =6GTEGTC %NCUG? $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT XGTIQNFGV CO $·PFEJGP WPF +PVGTKOURCPIG KO QTKIKPCNGP IQNFHCTDGP DGFTWEMVGP 8GTNGKJWPIUGVWK XQP 4WUUGNN 7PKHQTO %Q KP 0GY ;QTM 5VÒEM ++
1112
1113
8'4'+0+)6' 56##6'0 810 #/'4+-# 7 5 #
8GTFKGPUV .GIKQP =.GIKQP QH /GTKV? $TWUVUVGTP =%JKGH %QOOCPFGT? XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN KO DGFTWEMVGP 'VWK ++
7PXGTNKGJGPGU 'ZGORNCT &GT $TWUVUVGTP YKTF CNNGKPG QJPG YGKVGTG +PUKIPKGP YKT *CNU QFGT $TWUVFGMQTCVKQPGP XGTNKGJGP WPF IGVTCIGP
&GT XKGTMNCUUKIG %JKGH %QOOCPFGT %QOOCPFGT 1HHKEGT WPF .GIKQPPCKTG /KNKV·TXGTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG XQP 2T·UK FGPV (TCPMNKP & 4QQUGXGNV CO ,WNK IGUVKHVGV &KG %JKGH %QOOCPFGT -NCUUG KUV CWUN·PFK UEJGP 5VCCVUQDGTJ·WRVGTP XQTDGJCNVGP FKG -QOOCPFGWTMNCUUG JÌEJUVGP CWUN·PFKUEJGP /KNKV·TMQOOCPFCPVGP WPF FKG 1HHK\KGTUMNCUUG CWUN·PFKUEJGP )GPGT·NGP WPF /KNKV·TCVVCEJ¾U CNNGKP FKG XKGTVG -NCUUG MCPP IGPGTGNN CP 1HHK\KGTG COGTKMCPKUEJG WPF CWUN·PFKUEJG XGTNKGJGP YGTFGP 8GTNKGJGPG +PUKIPKGP JCDGP ITWPFU·V\NKEJ GKPG )TCXWT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG
+0-14214+'46'5 6'44+614+7/ 810 27'461 4+%1
/KNKV·TKUEJGT 1TFGP XQP ,WCP 2QPEG FG .GQP =/KNKVCT[ 1TFGT QH ,WCP 2QPEG FG .GQP? $TWUVUVGTP #PHGTVKIWPI FGT (KTOC %GLCNXQ KP /CFTKF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV OKP 'OCKNNGEJKR KO /GFCKNNQPTKPI CP 0CFGN OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 44 ++
'U JCPFGNV UKEJ JKGTDGK WO GKPG OWVOCNKEJ GKPMNCUUKIG $TWUVUVGTP OKNKV·TKUEJG #WU\GKEJPWPI HÒT FKG 5VCCVUICTFG =2WGTVQ 4KEQ 5VCVG )WCTF? FGU COGTKMCPKUEJGP 6GTTKVQTKWOU 2WGTVQ 4KEQ KP FGT -CTKDKM
303
ZENTRALAFRIKA
1116 1114
ex 1115
#00#/ 8+'60#/ '456' 70& <9'+6' 4'27$.+- 5ª& 8+'60#/
0CVKQPCN 1TFGP =$ảQ 3Wố *W³P %JưQPI? -QOOCPFGWTFGMQTCVKQP XKGVPCOGUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO *CNUDCPFCDUEJPKVV 82' 5 ++
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO #WIWUV IGUVKHVGV 0CEJ FGT 8GTGKPKIWPI 5ÒF 8KGV PCOU OKV FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM 8KGVPCO CO ,WNK JÌTVG CWEJ FGT 1TFGP HCMVKUEJ CWH \W DGUVGJGP
-QPXQNWV XQP EC XKGT OKNKV·TKUEJGP #WU\GKEJPWPIGP FGT 4GRWDNKM 5ÒF 8KGVPCO &TGK XKGVPCOG UKUEJG WPF GKP PKEJV XKGVPCOGUKUEJG #PHGTVKIWPI VGKNU XGTUKNDGTV VGKNU XGTIQNFGV LGYGKNU VNY NCEMKGTV QFGT GOCKNNKGTV CP MQTTGMVGP $TWUVD·PFGTP FCXQP \YGK OKV NCPIGP (TCPUGP KP QTFGPVNKEJGP 'TJCN VWPIGP 5VÒEM ++
<'064#.#(4+-# <'064#.#(4+-#0+5%*' 4'27$.+- 70& 5'+6
<GPVTCNCHTKMCPKUEJGT 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG %GPVTGCHTKECKP? -QOOCPFGWTMTGW\ $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV KO $CPFTKPI PKEJV KFGPVKHK\KGTDCTG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G CO QTKIKPCNGP *CNUDCPF \WUCOOGP OKV -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG WPF +PVGTKOUEJPCNNG KO 1TKIKPCNGVWK FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU $7 5 4( 5 6# 5 82' 5 ++ 'Z #WMVKQP $QKUIKTCTF #UUQEK¾U KP 2CTKU XQO ,WPK -CV 0T /WVOCNKEJ XGTNKGJGP CP )GQTIGU )QTUG
FGT DKU KP OGJTGTGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPIGP 7PVGT 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T YCT 5VCCVU UGMTGV·T WPF XQP DKU /KPKUVGT KP OGJTGTGP -CDKPGVVGP WPF 4GUUQTVU XQP DKU $QVUEJCHVGT KP #NIGTKGP WPF UEJNKGNKEJ XQP UKE DKU $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT FGT 5VCFV $QWNQIPG $KNNCPEQWTV KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU YKMKRGFKC HT
&GT HÒPHMNCUUKIG )TQMTGW\ )TQQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO ,WPK IGUVKHVGV 9·JTGPF FGT FTGK ,CJTG FGU <GPVTCNCHTKMCPKUEJGP -CKUGTTGKEJU UKPF FKG +PUKIPKGP PKEJV XGT ·PFGTV YQTFGP
304
ZENTRALAFRIKA
1117
1119 (1:1)
1118
.CPFYKTVUEJCHVU 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG #ITKEQNG? /QFGNN ! OKV 4GXGTUKPUEJTKHV 4'27$.+37' %'064#(4+%#+0' WPF UGKV 1HHK\KGTUFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQN FGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $TWUVDCPF OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG \WUCOOGP OKV /KPKCVWT 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $·PFEJGP OKV CWHIGNGIVGT 4QUGVVG WPF -PQRHNQEJTQUGVVG KO YQJN PKEJV QTKIKPCNGP .GFGT GVWK FGT (KTOC (KDQ KP $QIQVC $7 5 4( 5 ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP YWTFG CO #WIWUV IGUVKHVGV 1D FKG +PUKIPKGP Y·JTGPF FGU EC FTGK ,CJTG FCWGTPFGP <GPVTCNCHTKMCPKUEJGP -CKUGTTGKEJU XGT·PFGTV YWTFG MQPPVG DKUJGT PKEJV HGUVIGUVGNNV YGTFGP
2QUV 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP =1TFTG FW /¾TKVG 2QUVCN? /QFGNN ! OKV 4GXGTUKPUEJTKHV 4'27$.+37' %'064#(4+%#+0' WPF UGKV 4KVVGTFGMQTCVKQP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CO $CPF $7 5 H 4( 5 82' 5 4 ++
&GT FTGKMNCUUKIG -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT 1TFGP YWTFG CO 0QXGODGT IGUVKHVGV 1D FKG +PUKIPKGP Y·JTGPF FGU EC FTGK ,CJTG FCWGTPFGP <GPVTCNCHTKMCPKUEJGP -CKUGTTGKEJU XGT·PFGTV YWTFG MQPPVG DKUJGT PKEJV HGUVIGUVGNNV YGTFGP
<'064#.#(4+-#0+5%*'5 -#+5'44'+%*
1TFGP FGT 1RGTCVKQP $QMCUUC =1TFTG FG N 1R¾TCVKQP $QMCUUC? /QFGNN OKV +PUEJTKHV '/2+4' %'064#(4+%#+0 )TQÂMTGW\UGV DGUVGJGPF CWU -NGKPQF 5KNDGT XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CWH FGO $CPFTKPI 5KNDGT WPF *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF KP 2CTKU CO QTKIKPCNGP 5EJWNVGTDCPF WPF $TWUVUVGTP 5KNDGT VNY XGTIQNFGV WPF GOCKNNKGTV CP 0CFGN FKGUG OKV 5KNDGT WPF *GTUVGNNGTRWP\G FGT (KTOC #TVJWU $GTVTCPF OKV \YGK UGKVNKEJGP (KZKGTJCMGP 4( 5 H 82' 5 5VÃ&#x2019;EM 44 ++ &GT HÃ&#x2019;PHMNCUUKIG )TQÂMTGW\ )TQÂQHHK\KGT -QOOCPFGWT 1HHK\KGT WPF 4KVVGT CNNIGOGKPG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP YWTFG CO 0QXGODGT XQP 2T·UKFGPV ,GCP $¾FGN $QMCUUC IGUVKHVGV YQDGK FCU #XGTUOGFCKNNQP FGT +PUKIPKGP FKG 9QTVG ,'#0 $'&'. $1-#55# 4'27$.+37' %'064#(4+%#+0' \GKIVGP /QFGNN 0CEJFGO GT UKEJ CO &G\GODGT \WO -CKUGT $QMCUUC + RTQMNCOKGTV JCVVG GTJKGNVGP FKG #XGTUOGFCKNNQPU GKPG PGWG 7OUEJTKHV 5 / + $1-#55# GT '/2+4' %'064#(4+%#+0 0CEJ UGKPGO 5VWT\ CO 5GRVGODGT YWTFG FGT 1TFGP CWHIGJQDGP
305
DIE IN DIESEM KATALOG ANGEBOTENEN OBJEKTE UNTERLIEGEN DER DIFFERENZBESTEUERUNG MIT AUSNAHME DER NACHFOLGEND AUFGEFÜHRTEN LOSNUMMERN, DIE DER VOLLBESTEUERUNG UNTERLIEGEN:
306
LITERATURVERZEICHNIS #%' #& #'4 #)1 #. #09 #4 6 #7# $# $# $# $#5 $$ $$ $$ $% $% $%- $& $& $') $) $+ $- $.6 $/ $0 $4. $5' $6 $7 $81 $9- $9- $;/ $;8 %# % ) %#/ %$ %'/ %'/ %*& %.
$GP #EJQWT /QJCOGF 'N #\K\ .GU &¾EQTCVKQPU VWPKUKGPPGU ¯ N ¾RQSWG JWUGKPKVG 6WPKU 6COOCPP )WUVCX #PFTGCU WPF *QOOGN 'PIGNDGTV *I &KG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP -QPTCF #FGPCWGTU 6JG 1TFGTU CPF &GEQTCVKQPU CYCTFGF VQ -QPTCF #FGPCWGT $CF *QPPGH 4JÌPFQTH #WVGPITWDGT /KEJCGN 1TFTGU GV F¾EQTCVKQPU FG NC 4QWOCPKG 2CTKU #PIQNKC ,QJP 4 (QT (ÒJTGT CPF (CVJGTNCPF /KNKVCT[ #YCTFU QH VJG 6JKTF 4GKEJ 5CP ,QU¾ #WUICDG .COG #TVCP /GFCNLGV 5JSKRVCTG 8ÀNNKOK + 6JG #NDCPKCP /GFCNU 8QNWOG + 6KTCPC #PFQNGPMQ 5GTIG WPF 9GTNKEJ 4QDGTV $CFIGU QH +ORGTKCN 4WUUKC 9CUJKPIVQP #TGGP 'TPUV ' &G 0QTFKUMC .·PFGTPCU 1HHKEKGNNC $GNÌPWPIUOGFCNLGT 5VQEMJQNO )KNN &GPPKU 6JG %QKPCIG QH 'VJKQRKC 'TKVTGC CPF +VCNKCP 5QOCNKC )CTFGP %KV[ 0; 5VGKFN 2QTGPVC %JTKUVQRJ #WUGTY·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ÌPKITGKEJU 5CEJUGP /CPWUMTKRV )GTV 1UYCNF %QVVDWU $TCUKGT . WPF $TWPGV . .GU 1TFTGU %QNQPKCWZ (TCP¼CKU 2CTKU #WHNCIG $TCODKNNC #NGUUCPFTQ .G /GFCINKG +VCNKCPG PGINK WNVKOK CPPK 2CTVG 2TKOC =&KG KVCNKGPKUEJGP /GFCKNNGP FGT NGV\VGP ,CJTG 'TUVGT 6GKN? .G /GFCINKG +VCNKCPG /CKNCPF $TCODKNNC #NGUUCPFTQ .G /GFCINKG +VCNKCPG PGINK WNVKOK CPPK 2CTVG ++ =&KG KVCNKGPKUEJGP /GFCKNNGP FGT NGV\VGP ,CJTG 6GKN ++? .G /GFCINKG +VCNKCPG /CKNCPF $CUECR¾ )KCEQOQ % . 1TFKPG FK /CNVC G INK 1TFKPK 'SWGUVTK FGNNC %JKGUC PGNNC 5VQTKC G PGN &KTKVVQ /CKNCPF $CUECR¾ )KCEQOQ % )NK 1TFKPK %CXCNNGTGUEJK KP +VCNKC 5VQTKC G &KTKVVQ /CKNCPF &KMQYKVUEJ *GTOCPP 5VCPINGT )QVVHTKGF WPF 5VQN\GT ,QJCPP 5EJTKHVNGKVWPI -CVCNQIG FGU 0KGFGTÌUVGTTGKEJK UEJGP .CPFGUOWUGWOU 0GWG (QNIG 0T $CTQEM $NÒVG\GKV FGT 'WTQR·KUEJGP 4KVVGTQTFGP 5V 2ÌNVGP $QWTFKGT % .GU 1TFGTU (TCP¼CKU GV NGU 4¾EQORGPUGU 0CVKQPCNGU 2CTKU #WHNCIG $GNFGEQU )GQTIG ,QJP 6CIOCVC #TKUVCKCU -CK 5VTCVKQVKMC /GVCNNKC VGU *GNNCFQU *GNNGPKE 1TFGTU &GEQTCVKQPU CPF /GFCNU #VJGP $GIGPV 2GVGT , WPF %JGUUJ[TG *WDGTV 6JG /QUV 0QDNG 1TFGT QH VJG )CTVGT [GCTU .QPFQP $KIQU\GYUMC 9CPFC &¾EQTCVKQPU GV 1TFTGU 2QNQPCKU 9CTUEJCW $KGFGPHGNF (GTFKPCPF (TGKJGTT XQP )GUEJKEJVG WPF 8GTHCUUWPI CNNGT IGKUVNKEJGP WPF YGNVNKEJGP GTNQUEJGPGP WPF DNÒJGPFGP 4KVVGTQTFGP <YGKVGT $CPF $NÒJGPFG 1TFGP 9GKOCT $TGV\GPFQTHGT 7YG WPF -WJP 6JQOCU $WNICTKGP 5V #NGZCPFGT 1TFGP XQP DKU 2TGKUMCVCNQI $CPF .WFYKIUDWTI WPF -QPUVCP\ $NCUU 'TPUV -NGKPG 4GKJG HÒT (TGWPFG FGT 1TFGPU WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP -WPFG $CPF &KG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GK EJGP XQP 6JCKNCPF *CODWTI QJPG ,CJT $GTIJOCP #TXKF 0QTFKUMC 1TFPCT QEJ &GMQTCVKQPGT /CNOÌ $QTP¾ #PFT¾ %JCTNGU &KUVKPEVKQPU *QPQTKHKSWGU FG NC $GNIKSWG $TÒUUGN (TCUEJMC )ÒPVGT OKV 5EJYGTVGTP WPF $TKNNCPVGP 4CUVCVV .GG ' WPF 'NNKQVV , 4QDGTV #OGTKECP 5QEKGV[ /GFCNU #P +FGPVKHKECVKQP )WKFG 5CPVC /QPKEC $CVVWUJKI # /QPIQNKCP 1TFGTU /GFCNU $CFIGU 7NCCPDCCVCT 5VCKT 5CKPV[ )W[ WPF *G[FGN /CPMQQ 4CHCN *I $WTMG U 9QTNF 1TFGTU QH -PKIJVJQQF /GTKV 9KNOKPIVQP
&GNCYCTG 75# )GKIGT 4QNH .KPFPGT ,ÒTIGP WPF 9ÌTPGT (TCPM 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP *GHV ,CJTG 8GTFKGPUVQTFGP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF *QH 5CCNG $CTCE $QTPC 4GHGTGPEG %CVCNQIWG 1TFGTU /GFCNU CPF &GEQTCVKQPU QH VJG 9QTNF KPUVKVWVGU WPVKN 2CTV + +TQP $QQM # & <CITGD $CTCE $QTPC 4GHGTGPEG %CVCNQIWG 1TFGTU /GFCNU CPF &GEQTCVKQPU QH VJG 9QTNF KPUVKVWVGU WPVKN 2CTV ++ $TQP\G $QQM & ) <CITGD #WVGPITWDGT /KEJCGN WPF (GFGT -NCWU * $C[GTP WPF /CNVC &CU )TQRTKQTCV $C[GTP FGT $C[GTKUEJGP <WPIG FGU 5QWXGT·PGP /CNVGUGT 4KVVGTQTFGPU WPF UGKPG +PUKIPKGP $TCPPGPDWTI WPF -QPUVCP\ $[TPG &CPKGN %QNNGEVQT U *CPFDQQM QH /KNKVCT[ 1TFGTU CPF /GFCNU QH VJG 4GRWDNKE QH 8KGVPCO 6WNUC %CNKCPW 'WIGP &GEQTCVKKNG TQOCPGUVK FGU NC %W\C 8QFC NC 4GIGNG /KJCK + $WMCTGUV %JGHFGDKGP #PPG FG .GU %CJKGTU FW /WU¾G =/WUGWOUJGHVG? *GHV . I[RVG GV NGU &¾EQTCVKQPU 2CTKU %CT 2CXGN WPF /WJKã 6QOKUNCX 5GTDKUEJG WPF LWIQUNCYKUEJG 1TFGP WPF 'JTGP\GKEJGP XQP DKU 9KGP %GDCNNQU 'UECNGTC [ )KNC #NHQPUQ FG WPF )CTEÃC /GTECFCN [ )CTEÃC .Q[IQTTK (GTCPFQ .CU ¡TFGPGU [ %QPFG EQTCEKQPGU EKXKNGU FGN 4GKPQ FG 'URCPC /CFTKF )WKIWG FG %JCORXCPU FG (CT¾OQPV (T¾F¾TKE /CTSWKU *KUVQKTG GV .¾IKUNCVKQP FGU 1TFTGU FG %JGXCNGTKG FW 5CKPV 5K½IG 2CTKU WPF )WKIWG FG %JCORXCPU FG (CT¾OQPV (TKGFTKEJ /CTSWKU )GUEJKEJVG WPF )GUGV\IGDWPI FGT 4KVVGTQTFGP 'JTGP\GK EJGP WPF /GFCKNNGP FGU *GKNKIGP 5VWJNU 2CTKU %QNNKIPQP ,GCP 2KGTTG 1TFTG FG %JGXCNGTKG &¾EQTCVKQPU GV O¾FCKNNGU FG (TCPEG FGU QTKIKPGU ¯ NC HKP FW 5GEQPF 'ORKTG .C /QVJG #TEJCTF
307
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308
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Kunstgewerbe Auktion am 15. November 2013 in Köln Einlieferungen bis Mitte September erbeten
Exzeptionelle Goldemail-Präsentationstaschenuhr mit Repetition Anlässlich der Vermählung von Isabella II. de Bourbon, Königin von Spanien und Francisco de Assisi de Bourbon im Jahr 1846 Signiert José Hoffmeyer, London. Ø 5 cm. Gewicht 121,7 g. Im Originaletui. Schätzpreis / Estimate: € 8.000 – 10.000,–
Köln T +49.221.925729-21 kunstgewerbe@lempertz.com
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Deutsche Gesellschaft für Medaillenkunst e.V. – Seien Sie dabei! Ihnen eröffnen sich neue Perspektiven auf die Medaillenkunst: Werden Sie Mitglied unserer Gesellschaft! Unsere Ziele: - Förderung von Künstlern und ihrer Arbeiten - Numismatische Publikationen zum Thema Medaillen - Persönliche Begegnung von Künstlern, Sammlern, Wissenschaftlern, Herstellern und Händlern - Veranstaltungen zum Thema - Aktuelle Website www. medaillenkunst.de Für den Jahresbeitrag von 50 € erhalten Sie diese Leistungen: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Drei Werke unserer Publikationen nach Ihrer Wahl einmalig kostenfrei Einladungen zu Veranstaltungen unserer Gesellschaft Newsletter, interner Mitgliederbereich auf der Website sowie Datenbank zur Medaillenkunst im deutschsprachigen Raum seit 1871 Angebote zeitgenössischer Medaillen der Künstler unserer Gesellschaft zum Subskriptionspreis (Jahresgaben)
Was tun? Schicken Sie an die folgende Adresse ein E-Mail oder eine Postkarte mit der Bitte um weitere Informationen: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Weisser (Vorsitzender der Gesellschaft), Münzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin, Bodestrasse 1-3, D-10178 Berlin, E-mail: b.weisser@smb.spk-berlin.de
Dr. Andreas Kaiser, Geschäftsführer im Hause Fritz Rudolf Künker in Osnabrück, unterstützt die Gesellschaft als 2.Vorsitzender.
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eLive Auction NEU Mit unseren eLive Auctions bieten wir Ihnen die Möglichkeit, direkt und unkompliziert über das Internet an regelmäßigen Auktionen mit einem virtuellen Auktionator live teilzunehmen.
NEW With our eLive Auctions, we offer you a direct and easy opportunity to participate in regular auctions live over the Internet.
Bequem von zuhause oder unterwegs können Sie Vorgebote abgeben und abschließend – ganz wie in einer echten Auktion im Bieterwettstreit mit anderen – den Ausgang der Auktionen live am Bildschirm für sich entscheiden.
From the convenience of your own home or when travelling, you can submit preliminary bids, and up to the last moment of the sale – as in a real auction, vying with other bidders – you can win auctions live on your computer screen.
Weitere Informationen erhalten Sie unter www.elive-auction.de/hilfe
Additional information is available at www.elive-auction.com/help
Künker eLive Auction: live auf www.elive-auction.de
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Bernd Kluge Die Münzen König Friedrichs II. von Preußen (1740 –1786) Auf Grundlage der Werke Friedrich Freiherr von Schrötters neu bearbeitet. Unter Mitarbeit von Elke Bannicke und Renate Vogel
Berliner Numismatische Forschungen. Neue Folge Band 10 Gebr. Mann Verlag · Berlin 2012 Gebunden, 21 × 29,7 cm, 416 Seiten, € 49,00 ISBN 978-3-7861-2667-6
Das Buch verbindet den Bestandskatalog des Berliner Münzkabinetts (3.597 Münzen) mit einer Gesamtkatalogisierung der Münzen Friedrichs des Großen und einer Darstellung der Münzgeschichte. Im Katalog sind alle Typen, Varianten und Jahrgänge beschrieben und über 1.500 Münzen abgebildet. Münzkommentare bieten Hintergründe und Prägezahlen zu den einzelnen Emissionen, in Tabellen sind Münzsorten, Münzfüße und Prägemengen zusammengefasst. Die münzgeschichtliche Darstellung zeichnet auf der Grundlage der Werke des verdienten Erforschers der preußischen Münzgeschichte Friedrich Freiherr von Schrötter (1862–1944) die wesentlichen Entwicklungen nach und bietet eine Neubewertung der Münzpolitik Friedrichs des Großen. Ein Dokumentenanhang fasst die dafür wichtigsten archivalischen Quellen zusammen. Als Separatum liegt dem Buch eine aktuelle Bewertungsliste der Münzen Friedrichs des Großen auf der Grundlage der Preisentwicklung der letzten fünfzig Jahre bei. Bestellungen an Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG, Gutenbergstrasse 23, D-49076 Osnabrück Tel 0541 / 96 20 20
Fax 0541 / 96 20 222
service@kuenker.de
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Leitfaden zur erfolgreichen schriftlichen Auktionsteilnahme • • • • •
Studieren Sie den Katalog sorgfältig und notieren Sie alle Lose, die interessant für Sie sind. Legen Sie für jedes Los Ihr persönliches Limit fest, das Sie maximal zu zahlen bereit sind. Füllen Sie das beiliegende Formular aus (siehe unten) und tragen Sie für jedes Los Ihr Höchstgebot ein. Schicken Sie uns Ihren Auftrag frühzeitig. Bei gleich hohen Geboten erhält das zuerst eingegangene Gebot den Zuschlag. Sie haben interessante Lose für insgesamt € 10.000,– gefunden, möchten jedoch nur € 2.000,– ausgeben. Kein Problem: Sie geben als Gesamtlimit (ohne Aufgeld) € 2.000,– an. • Wenn Sie Fragen haben: Die MitarbeiterInnen unserer Kundenbetreuung sind für Sie da: Telefon 0800 583 65 37 (gebührenfrei). • Wenn Sie telefonisch an unseren Auktionen teilnehmen möchten, ist das ab einer Schätzung von € 500,– pro Los möglich. Bitte teilen Sie uns diesen Wunsch mindestens einen Werktag vor Beginn der Versteigerung schriftlich mit.
Musterauftrag für schriftliche Gebote Name, Adresse, Telefon Ihre vollständige Anschrift ist wichtig, damit wir Ihren Auktionsauftrag annehmen und bearbeiten können. Ihre Telefonnummer brauchen wir, um Sie bei Rückfragen zu Ihren Geboten schnell erreichen zu können.
Ihre Kundennummer Die Angabe Ihrer Kundennummer unterstützt uns bei der Bearbeitung Ihres Auktionsauftrages. Viele Vorarbeiten für die Auktion werden dadurch einfacher und es werden Fehler vermieden.
Losnummern und Gebote Listen Sie alle Lose, für die Sie sich interessieren, mit ihrer Katalognummer auf und legen Sie für sich selbst fest, wie viel Sie bereit sind, für jedes einzelne Los zu bieten.
Ihr Limit pro Einzellos An dieser Stelle geben Sie an, was Sie für jedes einzelne Stück maximal bereit sind auszugeben.
„Oder“-Gebote Wenn Sie sich für mehrere Münzen interessieren, aber nur ein Stück davon erwerben wollen, können Sie Ihre Gebote einfach mit einem „Oder“ verbinden. Wichtig: bei den „Oder“Geboten können Sie nicht auf frühere Katalognummern zurückgreifen (z. B. 2890 oder 1558), da die Nr. 1558 dann bereits versteigert ist. Unterschreiben Sie Ihren Auktionsauftrag ... ... nachdem Sie Ihre Angaben noch einmal überprüft haben. Ihre Unterschrift ist wichtig, denn damit bestätigen Sie uns, dass sie tatsächlich teilnehmen wollen.
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Überschreitung Ihrer Limits pro Einzellos In der Praxis zeigt sich, dass oft mehrere Bieter mit ihren Geboten dicht beieinander liegen. Deshalb empfiehlt es sich, an dieser Stelle einer geringfügigen Überschreitung Ihrer Gebote zuzustimmen. Dadurch erhöhen sich Ihre Chancen, im Wettbewerb mit anderen den Zuschlag zu erhalten.
Begrenzung Ihres Gesamtlimits Hier können sie die Gesamtsumme Ihrer Gebote begrenzen und festlegen, was Sie insgesamt maximal bereit sind auszugeben. Aufgeld und Mehrwertsteuer kommen später noch hinzu.
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
Wie entsteht der Preis einer Auktion? Der im Auktionskatalog angegebene Preis ist ein Schätzpreis, der durch unsere Experten festgelegt wurde. Das Mindestgebot liegt bei 80 % dieses Wertes. Die Zuschlagpreise sind oft deutlich höher als die Schätzpreise. Als Auktionshaus müssen wir bereits vor der Auktion alle schriftlichen Gebote koordinieren. Folgende Beispiele sind im Bietverfahren möglich: Beispiel 1 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegt kein schriftlicher Auftrag vor: Der Auktionator ruft das Los in der Auktion mit € 800,– aus. Wenn im Saal nur ein Bieter darauf ein Gebot abgibt, erhält der Saalbieter den Zuschlag für € 800,–.
Beispiel 3 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegt dem Auktionator nur ein schriftliches Gebot von € 850,– vor: Das Los wird in der Auktion mit € 800,– ausgerufen. Falls kein Bieter im Saal ein Gegenangebot abgibt, erhält der schriftliche Bieter den Zuschlag bei € 800,–.
Beispiel 2 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegen dem Auktionator drei schriftliche Gebote vor:
Beispiel 4 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegt dem Auktionator nur ein schriftliches Gebot von € 1.200,– vor: Der Auktionator ruft das Los mit € 800,– aus. Gibt es im Saal keinen Gegenbieter, erhält der schriftliche Bieter den Zuschlag bei € 800,–. Falls es im Saal Gegenbieter gibt, bietet der Auktionator für seinen schriftlichen Bieter bis maximal € 1.200,– und erteilt einem Gegenbieter im Saal erst bei mehr als € 1.200,– den Zuschlag.
Bieter 1: Limit € 2.900,– Bieter 2: Limit € 1.800,– Bieter 3: Limit € 800,– Nach der Versteigerungsordnung muss der Auktionator im Interesse von Bieter 1 und 2 angemessen überbieten (um ca. 5 bis 10 %). Der Ausrufpreis in der Auktion beträgt daher im Interesse von Bieter 1 € 1.900,– (obwohl die Schätzung € 1.000,– beträgt). Falls keine höheren Gebote aus dem Saal erfolgen, erhält Bieter 1 den Zuschlag für € 1.900,–. Das Höchstangebot von € 2.900,– musste nicht ausgeschöpft werden.
Beispiel 5 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegen drei Gebote von je € 975,– vor: Um Missverständnisse zu vermeiden, überzieht der Auktionator das zuerst eingegangene Gebot geringfügig und erteilt den Zuschlag bei € 1.000,–.
Antworten auf Fragen, die uns oft gestellt werden • Zuschlagpreis/Aufgeld: Wir berechnen für Kunden in Deutschland und Ländern der Europäischen Union ein Aufgeld von 23 % auf den Zuschlagpreis, darin ist die gesetzliche Mehrwertsteuer enthalten. Wir berechnen Kunden in Drittländern, z. B. Norwegen, Russland, Schweiz, USA, ein Aufgeld von 20 %, wenn die Münzen durch uns exportiert werden. Beispiel 1, Kunde in Deutschland
Zuschlagpreis Aufgeld 23 % (inkl. MwSt) Versandkosten, z. B. * Rechnungs-Betrag
€ € € €
100,00 23,00 5,90 128,90
Beispiel 2, Kunde in Russland
Zuschlagpreis Aufgeld 20 % Versandkosten, z. B. * Rechnungs-Betrag
€ 1.000,00 € 200,00 € 15,00 € 1.215,00
• Mehrwertsteuer: In Deutschland und Ländern der Europäischen Union ist die Mehrwertsteuer im Rechnungsbetrag enthalten. In Ausnahmefällen unterliegen die Objekte der Vollbesteuerung. Das wird durch eine Liste im Auktionskatalog angezeigt. Seit dem 01.01.2000 sind viele Goldmünzen, die nach 1800 geprägt wurden, steuerfrei. In diesem Fall berechnen wir ein Aufgeld in Höhe von 15 %. Bei Fragen zu der MwSt.-Berechnung rufen Sie uns an, gebührenfrei unter: 0800 583 65 37. • Rücklosverkauf: Alle Lose, die in der Auktion nicht verkauft wurden, können Sie innerhalb von vier Wochen nach der Versteigerung zu 80 % des Schätzpreises (zzgl. 23 % Aufgeld inkl. Mehrwertsteuer) erwerben. Achtung: Viele Rücklose sind schnell vergriffen. • Unser Spezialservice: Alle Bieter erhalten gratis die Ergebnisliste innerhalb von zwei Wochen nach der Auktion. Im Internet können Sie die Ergebnisliste der Auktion sofort nach der Auktion unter www.kuenker.de einsehen. * Die Kosten für Versand und Versicherung werden nach Aufwand berechnet.
Besuchen Sie uns doch einmal persönlich auf der Auktion! • Wir freuen uns sehr, wenn Sie persönlich nach Osnabrück kommen möchten. Das Flair einer Auktion und die Stimmung im Auktionssaal sind ein besonderes Erlebnis für Sie als Sammler. Osnabrück ist außerdem immer eine Reise wert und die persönliche Betreuung durch unsere Mitarbeiter wissen immer mehr Kunden zu schätzen. • Bitte rufen Sie uns rechtzeitig an, damit wir Ihnen Tipps für die Anreise geben und Ihnen ein Hotelzimmer reservieren können. Sie erreichen uns gebührenfrei unter: 0800 583 65 37. • Als erfolgreicher Bieter können Sie Ihre neu erworbenen Stücke gleich persönlich mit nach Hause nehmen. Als guter Kunde unseres Hauses haben Sie 20 Tage Zahlungsziel nach der Auktion.
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
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Важная информация об участии на аукционе • Наши аукционные правила и условия Вы можете найти в конце каталога. • Мы просим Вас присылать Ваши ставки заранее. В противном случае вероятность ошибки при обработке заказа, присланного перед самым аукционом, возрастает. • Приложенный образец заполнения письменного заказа поможет Вам при отправлении Ваших письменных ставок. Ставки можно отправить как по почте, так и по факсу : +49 (0)541–96 20 222 круглосуточно. • Успешные заказы будут обрабатываться в порядке их поступления к нам. Все участники, которым не удалось что-либо купить на аукционе, будут также проинформированы после аукциона. • Если Вы впервые принимаете участие в нашем аукционе, то мы рекомендуем Вам сообщить нам Ваш референц – аукционные дома, с которыми Вы уже сотрудничали. Или свяжитесь с нами по телефону. • Мы гарантируем подлинность всех предметов, проданных на нашем аукционе, в течении неограниченного времени. • Все участники нашего аукциона получают в течении 2-ух недель результаты торгов бесплатно. • У Вас есть вопросы по определенной монете? Вы хотели бы лично принять участие в аукционе? У Вас возникли другие вопросы? Звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268, и мы будем рады Вам помочь.
Мое заочное участие на аукционе • • • •
Тщательно изучите наш каталог и запишите те лоты, которые Вас заинтересовали. Определите для Себя ту максимальную сумму, которую Вы готовы заплатить за каждый лот. Заполните приложенный формуляр. Отправьте нам Ваш заказ заранее. При 2-ух и более равных ставок на один и тот же лот преимущество получает ставка, пришедшая к нам первой ( ранее других ). • Если стоимость выбранных Вами лотов составляет например 10.000 евро, а Вы могли бы потратить только 2.000 евро, то в этом случае укажите Ваш общий лимит в размере 2.000 евро. • Если у Вас возникли вопросы по заполнению формуляра, звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268. Наши сотрудники будут рады Вам помочь.
Мое личное участие в Оснабрюке • Мы будем рады Вашему личному присутствию в Оснабрюке. Атмосфера, которая стоит во время аукционных торгов в зале, особенная и непередаваемая. • Для получения более подробной информации по Вашей поездке в Оснабрюк, в частности, бронирования номеров в гостинице, мы просим Вас заранее связаться с нами по телефону: +49 (0)541-96 20 268. • Приобретенные на аукционе лоты Вы можете лично забрать после окончания торгов. Наши постоянные клиенты осуществляют оплату в течение 20 дней после получения счета. Участвующие в аукционе впервые осуществляют 100%-ую предоплату.
Участие по интернету Все каталоги доступны для просмотра на нашем сайте в интернете по адресу www.kuenker.de. На сайте Вы можете выбрать интересующие Вас лоты и отправить Ваши ставки на нашу электронную почту service@kuenker.de. Если у Вас возникнут дополнительные вопросы, мы просим Вас связаться с нами по телефону +49 (0)5 41-96 20 268.
Участие по телефону Для участия в торгах по телефону просим Вас связаться с нами не позднее 48 часов до начала аукциона. Условием проведения телефонных торгов является письменное подтверждение ставки, равной как минимум стартовой цене. Участие в телефонных торгах возможно только для лотов со стартовой ценой свыше 500 евро. Для получения дополнительной информации и регистрации на аукционе звоните Анастасии Кепселль до аукциона по телефону +49 (0)5 41-96 20 268 и во время аукциона по телефону, указанному на первой странице каталога.
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TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
Как образовывается цена на аукционе? • Все лоты в нашем каталоге были предварительно оценены нашими экпертами. Минимальная ставка составляет 80 % от оценочной стоимости лота. Конечные цены зачастую намного превышают оценочные. • Ваши письменные ( заочные ) ставки должны быть обязательно обработаны нашими сотрудниками до начала аукциона. Рассмотрим несколько возможных примеров: Пример 1 ( Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) Заочных ставок нет. Аукционатор начинает торги с € 800,–. Если в зале только один человек, желающий приобрести этот лот, то соответственно он получит его за € 800,–. Пример 2 ( Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеются 3 заочные ставки: Заочный участник 1 : Лимит € 2.900,– Заочный участник 2 : Лимит € 1.800,– Заочный участник 3 : Лимит € 800,– По правилам аукциона аукционатор в интересах заочного участника 1 и 2 должен повышать ставку равномерно ( приблизительно на 5 – 10 % ). Поэтому в нашем случае в интересах заочного участника 1 аукционатор начнет торги с € 1.900,– ( хотя оценочная стоимость составляет € 1.000,–). Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник 1 получит этот лот за € 1.900,–. Его лимит в € 2.900,– ни в коем случае не будет исчерпан. Пример 3 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеется только 1 заочная ставка в размере € 850,–. Аукционатор начнет торги с € 800,–.
Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник получит этот лот за € 800,–. Пример 4 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеется только 1 заочная ставка в размере € 1.200,–. Аукционатор начнет торги с € 800,–. Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник получит этот лот за € 800,–. Если же в зале очный участник согласен на более высокую ставку ( больше € 800,– ), то в этом случае аукционатор в интересах заочного участника имеет право тоговаться до € 1.200,–. Следовательно только при ставке, превышающей € 1.200,–, данный лот получит очный участник в зале. Пример 5 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеются 3 заочные ставки, каждая в размере € 975,–. Среди очных участников интереса к лоту не имеется. В этом случае чтобы избежать недоразумений, аукционатор имеет право ненамного повысить лимит и сделать ставку равной € 1.000,–. Данный лот за € 1.000,– получит тот заочный участник, чей письменный формуляр мы получили раньше всего.
Ответы на часто задаваемые вопросы • Комиссионные для клиентов, проживающих в Евросоюзе составляют 23 % к удару молотка, эти проценты уже содержат НДС. Для наших клиентов, проживающих не в Евросоюзе ( например в Норвегии, России, Швейцарии, США ) комиссионные составляют 20 %, если экспорт будет осуществлен через фирму «Кюнкер». Пример 1, Удар молотка клиент из Комиссионные 23 % Евросоюза Почтовые расходы Rechnungs-Betrag
€ € € €
100,00 23,00 5,90 128,90
Пример 2, клиент из России
Удар молотка Комиссионные 20 % Почтовые расходы Rechnungs-Betrag
€ 1.000,00 € 200,00 € 15,00 € 1.215,00
• Непроданные на аукционе лоты Вы можете приобрести в течение 4 недель за 80 % от их оценочной стоимости, прибавив к ним комиссионные и почтовые расходы.
Как я могу получить приобретенные лоты? Вывоз приобретенных на аукционе предметов осуществляется одним из следующих способов по Вашему выбору: • Вы можете лично забрать Ваши лоты. По окончании торгов мы готовим все необходимые документы на вывоз из Германии. При вывозе за пределы Евросоюза, НДС Вам возвращается. • Почтовые отправки в Россию ( Беларусь, Украину ) приобретенных Вами лотов осуществляются по предварительной договоренности. Для связи с нами звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268. С 1971 года имя Кюнкер является гарантией надежности и компетентности. Мы не станем изменять нашим принципам и в будущем. Спасибо Вам за Ваше доверие, которое является не только самым сильным стимулом в нашей работе, но и наилучшей ее оценкой. Я желаю Вам успехов на нашем аукционе!
Фриц-Рудольф Кюнкер
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
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Versteigerungsbedingungen Wir versteigern als Kommissionär im eigenen Namen und für Rechnung der Einlieferer, die unbenannt bleiben. Durch die Teilnahme an der Versteigerung werden die Versteigerungsbedingungen anerkannt. Der Zuschlagpreis bildet die Berechnungsgrundlage für das vom Käufer zu zahlende Aufgeld. Für Käufer aus EU-Ländern gilt: Für Verbraucher wird einheitlich ein Aufgeld von 23 % (im Gesamtbetrag ist die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer enthalten) erhoben. Für Unternehmer i. S. d. UStG wird bei differenzbesteuerter Ware ein Aufgeld von 23 % erhoben (im Gesamtbetrag ist die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer bereits enthalten), bei regelbesteuerter Ware ein Aufgeld von 20 % (zzgl. gesetzlicher Umsatzsteuer auf Gesamtbetrag von Zuschlag und Aufgeld). Ausfuhrlieferungen in EU-Länder können bei Vorlage der gesetzlichen Voraussetzungen von der Umsatzsteuer befreit sein. Für Käufer mit Wohnsitz in Drittländern (außerhalb der EU) gilt: Das Aufgeld beträgt einheitlich 20 %. Wird die Ware vom Käufer selbst oder durch Dritte in Drittländer ausgeführt, wird die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer berechnet, jedoch bei Vorlage der gesetzlich geforderten Ausfuhrnachweise erstattet. Führen wir diese Ware selbst in Drittländer aus, wird die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer nicht berechnet. Für Goldmünzen, die von der gesetzlichen Umsatzsteuer befreit sind, wird ein Aufgeld von 15 % berechnet. Im Ausland anfallende (Einfuhr-)Umsatzsteuer und Zölle trägt in jedem Fall der Käufer. Die Versandkosten werden dem Käufer nach Aufwand berechnet. Der Zuschlag erfolgt nach dreimaligem Ausruf des höchsten Gebotes und verpflichtet zur unverzüglichen Abnahme der Ware. Bei Vorlage besonderer Gründe können wir den Zuschlag verweigern oder uns vorbehalten. Geben mehrere Bieter gleich hohe Gebote ab, können wir nach freiem Ermessen einem Bieter den Zuschlag erteilen, durch Los über den Zuschlag entscheiden oder die Nummer noch einmal ausrufen. Der Versteigerer ist berechtigt, aus wichtigem Grund Nummern zu vereinigen oder zu trennen, in einer anderen als der im Katalog vorgesehenen Reihenfolge aufzurufen oder zurückziehen. Erfolgt ein Zuschlag unter Vorbehalt, erlischt das Gebot mit Ablauf von 4 Wochen ab dem Tag des Zuschlags, es sei denn, wir haben dem Bieter innerhalb dieser Frist die vorbehaltlose Annahme des Gebotes mitgeteilt. Das Eigentum an der Ware geht erst mit vollständiger Bezahlung auf den Käufer über. Sofern nichts anderes vereinbart wird, ist der Kaufpreis von anwesenden Käufern sofort, bei schriftlichen bzw. telefonischen Bietern spätestens 20 Tage nach Erhalt der Rechnung zu zahlen. Bei Zahlungsverzug werden Zinsen i. H. v. 1 % pro Monat berechnet. Verweigert der Käufer ernsthaft und endgültig die Abnahme der Ware, können wir vom Kaufvertrag zurücktreten und Schadensersatz verlangen mit der Maßgabe, dass wir den Gegenstand nochmals versteigern und unseren Schaden in derselben Weise wie bei Zahlungsverzug des Käufers geltend machen können, ohne dass dem Käufer ein Mehrerlös aus der erneuten Versteigerung zusteht. Der Versand erfolgt auf Wunsch und nach den Anweisungen des Käufers und auf seine Kosten und Gefahr. Die Mindeststeigerungsstufen für das Bietungsverfahren betragen: bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu ab
€ 100,– € 200,– € 500,– € 1.000,– € 2.000,– € 5.000,– € 10.000,– € 20.000,– € 50.000,– € 50.000,–
€ 5,– € 10,– € 20,– € 50,– € 100,– € 200,– € 500,– € 1.000,– € 2.000,– € 5.000,– (bzw. 10 %)
Wir berücksichtigen bestmöglich schriftliche oder fernmündliche Angebote bzw. Angebote übers Internet und behandeln diese grundsätzlich gleich wie Angebote aus dem Versteigerungssaal. Aufträge von uns unbekannten Sammlern können wir nur ausführen, wenn ein Depot hinterlegt wird oder Referenzen benannt werden. Schriftliche Gebote können nur bis 24 Stunden vor Auktionsbeginn berücksichtigt werden, telefonische Bieter müssen sich mindestens zwei Werktage vor der Auktion voranmelden.
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Im Bedarfsfall sind wir berechtigt, die Limits um 3 – 5 % zu überschreiten. Gebote, die unter 80 % des Schätzpreises liegen, werden nicht berücksichtigt. Unlimitierte Aufträge haben keinen Anspruch auf unbedingte Ausführung. Schriftliche, fernmündliche und Internet-Gebote werden von uns ohne Auftragsprovision ausgeführt; sie müssen den Gegenstand mit Katalognummer und des gebotenen Preises, der sich als Zuschlagsumme ohne Aufgeld und Umsatzsteuer versteht, benennen und sind bindend. Unklarheiten oder Ungenauigkeiten gehen zu Lasten des Bieters. Wir übernehmen für diese Gebote jedoch keinerlei Haftung, insbesondere nicht für das Zustandekommen und die Aufrechterhaltung von Telekommunikationsverbindungen oder/und Übermittlungsfehlern, ebenso wenig für Ausfall- und Verzögerungszeiten, verursacht durch Wartungen und Wiederherstellungen des jeweiligen Servers, durch Störungen und Probleme im Internetverkehr, durch höhere Gewalt, sowie weitere Störungen, die durch Umstände begründet sind, die außerhalb unserer Verantwortung liegen. Dies gilt nicht für den Fall, dass uns hieran der Vorwurf grober Fahrlässigkeit oder Vorsatz trifft. Die Katalogbeschreibungen sind keine vertraglich vereinbarten Beschaffenheiten i. S. d. § 434 BGB, sondern dienen lediglich zur Information und zur Abgrenzung der Ware. Die Angabe der Erhaltung ist streng nach den im deutschen Münzhandel üblichen Erhaltungseinstufungen vorgenommen und eine persönliche Beurteilung. Die Echtheit der Stücke wird gewährleistet, sofern nichts Gegenteiliges im Katalog oder bei der Versteigerung angegeben wird; hier haften wir für einen insoweit entstandenen Schaden bis zur Höhe des Kaufpreises. Im Übrigen übernehmen wir keine Rechts- oder Sachmängel bezüglich der im Katalog aufgeführten Ware. Wir geben durch Vorbesichtigung Gelegenheit, sich vom Erhaltungszustand der Ware zu überzeugen. Fehler, die sich bereits aus den Abbildungen ergeben, berechtigen nicht zur Beanstandung. Bei der Auktion anwesende Käufer kaufen grundsätzlich »wie besehen«. Bei Losen mit mehreren Stücken sind die Stückzahlen nur ca.-Angaben. Gewährleistungsansprüche wegen Sach- und Rechtsmängeln oder irrtümlichen Zuschreibungen sind ausgeschlossen. Innerhalb der gesetzlichen Gewährleistungsfrist vorgetragene und begründete Mängelrügen des Käufers leiten wir jedoch unverzüglich an den Einlieferer der bemängelten Sache weiter. Nach unserer Wahl treten wir unsere gegen den Einlieferer aus der Verletzung des Kommissionsvertrages zustehenden Ansprüche an den Käufer ab bzw. stellen den Käufer durch Rückabwicklung des Kaufvertrages schadlos, wobei ein über die Erstattung des Kaufpreises darüber hinausgehender Anspruch des Käufers ausgeschlossen ist. Wenn Sie die von uns erworbene Ware einem Grading Service übergeben wollen, übernehmen wir keine Garantie, dass die Münzen dort angenommen oder entsprechend unserer Bewertung eingestuft werden. Schadensersatzansprüche des Käufers gegen uns sind – gleich aus welchem Rechtsgrund – ausgeschlossen. Dies gilt nicht für Schäden, die auf einem vorsätzlichen oder grob fahrlässigen Verhalten von uns, unseren gesetzlichen Vertretern oder Erfüllungsgehilfen beruhen bzw. ihre Ursache in der Verletzung von vertraglichen Kardinalpflichten haben; im letzteren Fall ist Haftung jedoch auf den vorhersehbaren, vertragstypischen Schaden beschränkt. Die Haftung für Schäden aus der Verletzung des Lebens, des Körpers oder der Gesundheit bleibt unberührt. Der Käufer kann nicht aufrechnen, es sei denn, seine Gegenansprüche sind rechtskräftig festgestellt, unbestritten oder von uns anerkannt. Zurückbehaltungsrechte des Käufers sind ebenfalls ausgeschlossen, es sei denn, er ist nicht Unternehmer i. S. d. § 14 BGB und sein Gegenanspruch beruht auf demselben Vertragsverhältnis. Es gilt ausschließlich das Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Das Übereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen über Verträge über den internationalen Warenkauf (CISG) findet keine Anwendung. Gegenüber Unternehmern i. S. d. § 14 BGB und Käufern ohne allgemeinen Gerichtsstand im Inland ist Erfüllungsort und ausschließlicher Gerichtsstand bei allen aus dem Vertragsverhältnis unmittelbar oder mittelbar sich ergebenden Streitigkeiten Osnabrück. Sollte eine der Bestimmungen ganz oder teilweise unwirksam sein oder werden, bleibt die Gültigkeit der übrigen davon unberührt. Die unwirksame ist durch eine wirksame zu ersetzen, die dem wirtschaftlichen Gehalt und Zweck der unwirksamen Bestimmung am nächsten kommt. Gleiches gilt für eine Lücke. Soweit die Versteigerungsbedingungen in mehreren Sprachen vorliegen, ist stets die deutsche Fassung maßgebend.
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
Terms and Conditions of Auction We auction goods as commission agent in our own name and for account of not named consignors. Participation in the auction shall be deemed express acknowledgement of these Terms and Conditions of Auction. The hammer price is the basis for the calculation of the buyer’s surcharge. For buyers from EEC countries the following applies: for consumers there is a standard surcharge of 23 % (relevant VAT already included). For traders according to the Value Added Tax Act the surcharge is 23 % (relevant VAT already included) for goods delivered by difference taxation; for goods delivered by standard taxation the surcharge is 20 % plus the relevant VAT on the entire amount of hammer price and surcharge. Export deliveries to EEC countries shall be free of VAT on existence of the respective legal requirements. For buyers from abroad (no EEC country) the following applies: there is a standard surcharge of 20 %. As far those buyers export the good in person or by third persons, the relevant VAT will be charged but refunded by presentation of the legal export certificate. In case we export these goods the relevant VAT will not be charged. For gold coins, which are not subject to the legal VAT, the surcharge is 15 % of the hammer price. Foreign taxes and custom duties shall be carried by buyer as well as shipping expenses charged according to effort. The hammer shall fall after the highest bid has been called out three times. The knockdown shall oblige to take immediately delivery of the goods. Upon good cause shown we can refuse or reserve the knock down. In the event of several equal bids we have the right to knock down at our own discretion, to decide by drawing lots or re-open the bidding. The auctioneer reserves the right to combine or to separate lots for good cause. In case of a reserved knock down the bid expires four weeks after the knock down unless we informed the bidder within this period of the unreserved acceptance. Ownership of the goods shall not pass until full payment. Unless mutually agreed otherwise, payment of the auction bill from buyers present at the auction is due immediately, for other buyers within 20 days after receipt of the bill. Defaulted payments shall bear an interest charge of 1 % per month in the amount in default. In case buyer is in default with the obligation and does not take over the goods in spite of a written deadline, or refuses to take over, we can withdraw from contract and claim damage provided that the item may be put again to auction at this buyer’s cost. In this event the buyer shall be liable for any shortfall, while he shall have no right or claim towards any excess proceeds. The shipment (by mail or otherwise) of the goods shall be for sole cost and risk of the purchaser or recipient, respectively. The minimum rates of increase for the bidding procedure are: up to up to up to up to up to up to up to up to up to above
€ 100.– € 200.– € 500.– € 1,000.– € 2,000.– € 5,000.– € 10,000.– € 20,000.– € 50,000.– € 50,000.–
€ 5.– € 10.– € 20.– € 50.– € 100.– € 200.– € 500.– € 1,000.– € 2,000.– € 5,000.– (respectively 10 %)
If necessary, we are allowed to increase the bids by 3 – 5 %. Bids amounting to less than 80 % of the estimate shall not be executed. Unlimited bids shall not oblige us to consider, accept or carry out such order. Written orders or those via telephone or Internet will be carried out without charge of an extra commission; they shall name the item with catalog number and the bid price and are binding. Ambiguities shall be carried by the bidder. We do not assume any liability for such bids, especially not for connecting and keeping up telephone lines and/or transmission errors, as well as not for off times and lag times, caused by attendance and restore of the server, by errors and problems of the Internet, by force majeure or reason outside of our responsibility. This does not apply in case we are acting in intentional or grossly negligence. The descriptions of the goods in the catalog do not constitute any warranty or liability in the meaning of § 434 BGB but are provided as mere information. The state of preservation of items is strictly assessed in accordance with the grades accepted by the German coin trade and only represents an individual and personal assessment. The authenticity of the coins is warranted (up to the total purchase price) unless anything to the contrary is noted in the catalog or the auction. In other respects, any and all warranty claims based on material defects of quality and defects of title are excluded. In view of the opportunity of prior inspection to ascertain the state and condition of the auction lots, complaints of errors resulting of the images are excluded. Buyers present at the auction acquire items strictly on the basis of »as is where is« and »as inspected«. If and when auctioned in lots, the quantities of individual pieces given, only represent an approximate figure. Any and all warranty claims based on material defects of quality and defects of title or on an error in the allocation of individual pieces to a certain lot are excluded. We forward quality complaints to the deliverer claimed within the legal period of warranty. To our own choice we assign possible claims resulting out of the commission contract to buyer or compensate buyer by unwinding of contract, at which a claim of buyer exceeding the purchase price is excluded. In case buyer intends to deliver goods to a Grading Service, we do not guarantee the respective acceptance or the classifying according to our valuation. Damage claims of buyer – irrespective of legal basis – are excluded. This shall not apply for damages resulting out of our intentional or grossly negligent conduct of our legal representatives respectively are caused in the breach of contractual cardinal obligations; to this degree, liability is limited to damages that are foreseeable and typical for this type of contract. This shall not effect our liability for damages to life, limb, or health. Offsetting counterclaims of buyer are excluded, unless the claim is uncontested or has been declared legally valid by court. Retentions rights of buyer are excluded unless he is not a trader (§ 14 BGB) and his counterclaim results from the same contractual relationship. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Germany. The UN Convention (CISG) on the International Sale of Goods shall not apply. Against traders (§ 14 BGB) and purchasers from abroad the exclusive jurisdiction shall be the Court of Osnabrück in relation to any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with the purchase. The German version of these conditions shall be the legally binding. The invalidity or inefficiency of any provision shall not effect the validity of all other provisions. In lieu of the invalid or inefficient provision or for the purpose of closing the gap, a reasonable provision shall apply.
We carry out best possible written or orders via telephone or internet and treat them equal to orders to present bidders. Orders from collectors unknown to the auctioneer can only be accepted and carried out if a deposit or references to the satisfaction on the auctioneer are given. To be bindingly accepted, written bids need to be received at least 24 hours before auction, bidders via telephone need to be registered at the latest two work days before auction.
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
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Numismatische Ausdrücke/Numismatic Terms/Expressions Numismatiques/ Termini di Numismatica/Нумизматические Термины DEUTSCH
ENGLISH
FRANCAIS
ITALIANO
RUSSKIJ
Abschlag Am Rand Berieben Blei Dezentriert Doppelschlag Einfassung Einseitig Emailliert Erhaltung Etwas Exemplar Fassungsspuren Fehlprägung
struck at the rim/border slightly polished lead uncentered double struck frame uniface enamelled condition/preservation slightly specimen, copy trace of mounting mis-strike
frappe en tranche frotté plomb décentré double frappe encadrement uniface émaillé conservation un peu exemplaire traces de monture défaut de frappe
coniazione al bordo trattato piombo non centrato ribattitura cornice uniface smaltato conservazione un poco esemplare tracce di montatura difetto di coniazione
Feld(er) Gedenkmünze Geglättet Gelocht Geprägt Gewellt Goldpatina Henkelspur Hübsch Jahrh. = Jahrhundert Kl. = klein Korrosionsspuren Kratzer Kupfer Legierung Leicht(e) l. = links Min. = minimal Nachahmung Prachtexemplar Prägeschwäche Randdelle Randfehler Randschrift r. = rechts Rückseite
field(s) commemorative coin tooled holed minted bent golden patina mount mark attractive century small traces of corrosion scratch(es) copper alloy slightly left minimal imitation attractive, perfect piece weakly struck edge nick edge faults lettered edge to right reverse
champ monnaie commémorative retouché troué frappé ondulé patine dorée trace de monture joli siècle petit traces de corrosion rayure cuivre alliage légèrement gauche minime imitation pièce magnifique de frappe faible défaut sur la tranche défaut sur la tranche tranche inscrite droite revers
campo moneta commemorativa liscio bucato coniato ondolato patina d´oro tracce di appicagnolo carino secolo piccolo segni di corrosione graffio(i) rame lega leggero sinistra minimamente contraffazione esemplare magnifico conio stanco ammaccatura al bordo errore nel bordo inscrizione sul bordo destra rovescio
оттиск на гурте потертая свинец ассиметричный двойной чекан кайма односторонняя эмалированная сохранность слегка экземпляр следы обработки ошибка в процессе чеканки поле памятная монета отглаженная проколатая отчеканенная волнистая золотая патина следы от ушка красивая столетие маленький следы коррозии царапина медь сплав легкий слева минимальный имитация превосходный экземпляр издержкн при чеканкe вмятина на гурте ошибка на гурте гуртовая надпись справа реверс
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TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
DEUTSCH
ENGLISH
FRANCAIS
ITALIANO
RUSSKIJ
Schriftspuren
traces of inscription
traces de légende
tracce di leggenda
Schrötling Schrötlingsfehler Schwach ausgeprägt Selten in dieser Erhaltung
flan flan defect weakly struck rare in this condition
flan flan défectueux de frappe faible rare en cet état
tondello errore di tondello conio stanco conservazione rara
Seltener Jahrgang Stempel Stempelfehler Überdurchschnittlich erhalten Überprägt Unediert Unikum Vergoldet Von allergrößter Seltenheit Vorderseite Winz.= winzig Zain Zierrand Zinn ziseliert
rare year die(s) mistake in the die extraordinary condition
année rare coin erreur de frappe conservation extraordinaire
overstruck unpublished unique specimen gilt extremely rare averse tiny flan ornamental border tin chased
surfrappé inédit unique doré de toute rareté en face petit flan tranche ornée étain ciselé
annata rara conio errore di conio conservazione estraordinaria ribattuto inedito pezzo unico dorato di estrema raritá diritto veramente piccolo tondello taglio ornato stagno cesellato
следы предыдущей надписи заготовка брак заготовки слабо отчеканeна редкая в такой сохранности редкий год штамп ошибка штампа сохранность выше среднего перечекан неопубликованная монета уникальная позолоченная наиредчайшая аверс незначительный заготовка декоративный гурт цинк гравированный
Erhaltungsgrade/Grading Terms/Degrès de Conservation/Gradi di Conservazione/ Шкала сохранности DEUTSCH
ENGLISH
FRANCAIS
ITALIANO
RUSSKIJ
Polierte Platte Stempelglanz Vorzüglich Sehr schön Schön Gering erhalten
Proof Uncirculated Extremely fine Very fine Fine Very good
Flan bruni Fleur de coin Superbe Très beau Beau Très bien conservé
Fondo specchio Fior di conio Splendido Bellissimo Molto Bello Bello
полированная превосходная отличная очень хорошая хорошая удовлетворительная
Seltenheitsgrade/Rarity Terms/Degrés de Rareté/Grado di Raritá/ Шкала редкости DEUTSCH
ENGLISH
FRANCAIS
ITALIANO
RUSSKIJ
R = Selten RR = Sehr selten Von großer Seltenheit Von größter Seltenheit Von allergrößter Seltenheit Unediert
R = Rare RR = Very rare Very rare Extremely rare Extremely rare Unpublished
Rare Très rare De grande rareté Extrêmement rare De la plus extrême rareté Inédit
raro molto raro di grande raritá di grandissima raritá di estrema raritá inedito
редкая очень редкая большой редкости наибольшей редкости наиредчайшая ранее не описанная
TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE
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IMPRESSUM NUMISMATISCHE BEARBEITUNG FOTOS LAYOUT DRUCK
Michael Autengruber Lübke & Wiedemann, Stuttgart danner pc - gesteuerte systeme waiblingen meister print und media, Kassel, September 2013 Jeglicher Nachdruck, auch auszugsweise, bedarf der Genehmigung des Auktionshauses
ZAHLUNGEN AUS DEM INLAND Deutsche Bank Osnabrück
(BLZ 265 700 90) Konto-Nummer 0 177 006
Commerzbank Osnabrück
(BLZ 265 800 70) Konto-Nummer 780 520 200
Sparkasse Osnabrück
(BLZ 265 501 05) Konto-Nummer 247 320
Volksbank eG Bad Laer-Borgloh-Hilter-Melle
(BLZ 265 624 90) Konto-Nummer 1 200 222 400
Bankhaus Lampe KG, Bielefeld
(BLZ 480 201 51) Konto-Nummer 174 076
Postbank Hannover HypoVereinsbank München Oldenburgische Landesbank AG Oldenburg Paypal
(BLZ 250 100 30) Konto-Nummer 2900 60-308 (BLZ 700 202 70) Konto-Nummer 24 17 952 (BLZ 280 200 50) Konto-Nummer 508 50338 00 paypal@kuenker.de, Service charge: 3,5 %
ZAHLUNGEN AUS DEM AUSLAND FOREIGN PAYMENTS Deutsche Bank Osnabrück
IBAN: DE11 2657 0090 0017 7006 00 Swift-Code: DEUTDE3B265
Sparkasse Osnabrück
IBAN: DE50 2655 0105 0000 2473 20 Swift-Code: NOLADE22XXX
Postbank Hannover
IBAN: DE73 2501 0030 0290 0603 08 Swift-Code: PBNKDEFF
Credit Suisse
IBAN: CH43 0483 5177 3509 0200 0 Swift-Code: CRESCHZZ80A
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Paypal
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paypal@kuenker.de, Service charge: 3,5 %