Auktion 247 Künker by Fritz Rudolf Kuenker GmbH & Co. KG

5856

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AUKTION 247 500 Jahre Geschichte und Kunst im Spiegel der Medaille Die Sammlung Georg Baums u. a. ZEIT

Donnerstag, 13. März 2014 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr 14.00 Uhr - 18.00 Uhr

ORT

Steigenberger Hotel Remarque Osnabrück, Natruper-Tor-Wall 1

AUKTIONS-TELEFON

+49 (0)541 60 96 633

AUKTIONS-FAX

+49 (0)541 60 96 634

Auktionen 245-248, März 2014 10. MÄRZ 2014

Auktion 245 Goldprägungen Deutsche Münzen ab 1871

11. MÄRZ 2014

Russische Münzen und Medaillen Auktion 246 Münzen und Medaillen aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit u. a. Spezialsammlungen Malta und China

12. MÄRZ 2014

Münzen und Medaillen aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit u. a. Spezialsammlung Mansfeld

13. MÄRZ 2014

Auktion 247 500 Jahre Geschichte und Kunst im Spiegel der Medaille Die Sammlung Georg Baums u. a.

14. MÄRZ 2014

Auktion 248 Münzen aus der Welt der Antike

Zeitplan/Timetable Auktion 245 Goldprägungen

Deutsche Münzen ab 1871

Montag, 10. März 2014 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 1 bis Nr. 592 Europa 14.00 Uhr - 17.00 Uhr Nr. 593 bis Nr. 1167 Übersee, RDR, Deutschland, Medaillen, Lots 17.00 Uhr - 19.00 Uhr Nr. 1168 bis Nr. 1611

Dienstag, 11. März 2014 Russische Münzen und Medaillen

Auktion 246 Münzen und Medaillen aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit u. a. Spezialsammlungen China, Malta und Mansfeld

10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 1612 bis Nr. 2027 14.00 Uhr - 19.00 Uhr Nr. 2501 bis Nr. 3572 Europa (mit Sammlung Malta), Übersee (mit Sammlung China), RDR

Mittwoch, 12. März 2014 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 3573 bis Nr. 4183 Deutschland: Aachen - Jülich-Kleve-Berg 14.00 Uhr - 17.30 Uhr Nr. 4184 bis Nr. 4811 Deutschland: Kaufbeuren - Würzburg (mit Sammlung Mansfeld), Spezialsammlung Siebenjähriger Krieg, Medaillen, Papiergeld, Münzwaage, Lots

Auktion 247 500 Jahre Geschichte und Kunst im Spiegel der Medaille Die Sammlung Georg Baums u. a.

Auktion 248 Münzen aus der Welt der Antike

Donnerstag, 13. März 2014 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 5001 bis Nr. 5491 Goldmedaillen, Silber- und Bronzemedaillen Europa: Baltikum - Rußland 14.00 Uhr - 18.00 Uhr Nr. 5492 bis Nr. 6090 Europa: Schweden - Ungarn, Übersee, RDR, Deutschland, Deutsche Kolonien, 1. Weltkrieg, Weimer Republik, 3. Reich, 2. Weltkrieg, DDR, Personenmedaillen, Miscellanea

Freitag, 14. März 2014 10.00 Uhr - 13.00 Uhr Nr. 7001 bis Nr. 7519 Kelten, Griechen, Römische Republik, Imperatoren, Kaiserzeit: Augustus - Hadrianus 14.00 Uhr - 15.00 Uhr Nr. 7520 bis Nr. 7718 Römische Kaiserzeit: Antoninus I. Pius Basiliscus, Lots Römer, Völkerwanderung, Byzanz, Das Lateinische Kaiserreich von Constantinopel, Kreuzfahrer, Orientalen

Sehr geehrte Münzfreunde/Dear Coin Collectors, Ich wünsche Ihnen viel Freude mit unseren neuen Auktionskatalogen und hoffe, Sie finden einige schöne Stücke für Ihre Sammlung. Als Europas führendes Auktionshaus für Münzen, Medaillen und Orden hat sich unser Dienstleistungsspektrum für Sie als unsere Kunden stetig verbessert und erweitert. Einen kleinen Überblick über unsere Angebote finden Sie hier. I wish you a lot of pleasure with our new auction catalogues and I hope you will find a few additonal items for your collection. As Europe´s leading auction company for coins, medals and decorations our range of services for our customers has been steadily improving and expanding. Following is a short overview of our offers. Mit herzlichen Grüßen/With warm regards

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AUKTIONEN/AUCTIONS Besuchen Sie unsere international bedeutenden Auktionen, die Ihnen viermal jährlich zahlreiche Raritäten bieten. Profitieren Sie als Bieter oder Einlieferer von unserer Erfahrung und Kompetenz. Visit our internationally recognized auctions which take place four times a year and offer many rarities. Benefit from our experience and competence while being a bidder or consigner. GOLDHANDEL/GOLD COIN TRADING Wir bieten Ihnen ein ständiges Angebot sowie den Ankauf von Anlagemünzen aus Deutschland, Europa und aller Welt zu fairen tagesaktuellen Preisen. We are constantly offering as well as purchasing a vast range of German, European and World bullion coins. We buy and sell gold assets at a fair, daily updated market price. ONLINE-SHOP Wir bieten Ihnen in unserem Online-Shop auf www.kuenker.de ein täglich aktualisiertes Münz-Angebot von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit. Kaufen Sie hier unkompliziert zum Festpreis und ohne Risiko. We offer you an exclusive daily updated selection of coins from ancient to modern times. You can order at www.kuenker.com without hassle or risk. eLIVE AUCTION Mit unseren eLive Auctions können Sie über das Internet an regelmäßigen Auktionen mit einem virtuellen Auktionator teilnehmen. Sie können Vorgebote bequem online abgeben und abschließend die Auktion live am Bildschirm für sich entscheiden. With our eLive Auctions, we offer you an opportunity to participate in regular auctions live over the Internet. You can submit preliminary bids online, and up to the last moment of the sale you can win auctions live on your computer screen. ORDEN UND EHRENZEICHEN/ORDERS AND DECORATIONS Einmal im Jahr findet unsere besondere Ordensauktion statt, die sich ganz den dekorativen Ehrenzeichen widmet. Profitieren Sie als Bieter oder Einlieferer von unserer Erfahrung und Kompetenz im Bereich Phaleristik. Once a year there is a special auction dedicated to medals and decorations. Benefit from our experience in the field of phaleristik becoming our bidder or consigner.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Leitfaden zur erfolgreichen schriftlichen Auktionsteilnahme • • • • •

Studieren Sie den Katalog sorgfältig und notieren Sie alle Lose, die interessant für Sie sind. Legen Sie für jedes Los Ihr persönliches Limit fest, das Sie maximal zu zahlen bereit sind. Füllen Sie das beiliegende Formular aus (siehe unten) und tragen Sie für jedes Los Ihr Höchstgebot ein. Schicken Sie uns Ihren Auftrag frühzeitig. Bei gleich hohen Geboten erhält das zuerst eingegangene Gebot den Zuschlag. Sie haben interessante Lose für insgesamt € 10.000,– gefunden, möchten jedoch nur € 2.000,– ausgeben. Kein Problem: Sie geben als Gesamtlimit (ohne Aufgeld) € 2.000,– an. • Wenn Sie Fragen haben: Die MitarbeiterInnen unserer Kundenbetreuung sind für Sie da: Telefon 0800 583 65 37 (gebührenfrei). • Wenn Sie telefonisch an unseren Auktionen teilnehmen möchten, ist das ab einer Schätzung von € 500,– pro Los möglich. Bitte teilen Sie uns diesen Wunsch mindestens einen Werktag vor Beginn der Versteigerung schriftlich mit.

Musterauftrag für schriftliche Gebote Name, Adresse, Telefon Ihre vollständige Anschrift ist wichtig, damit wir Ihren Auktionsauftrag annehmen und bearbeiten können. Ihre Telefonnummer brauchen wir, um Sie bei Rückfragen zu Ihren Geboten schnell erreichen zu können.

Ihre Kundennummer Die Angabe Ihrer Kundennummer unterstützt uns bei der Bearbeitung Ihres Auktionsauftrages. Viele Vorarbeiten für die Auktion werden dadurch einfacher und es werden Fehler vermieden.

Losnummern und Gebote Listen Sie alle Lose, für die Sie sich interessieren, mit ihrer Katalognummer auf und legen Sie für sich selbst fest, wie viel Sie bereit sind, für jedes einzelne Los zu bieten.

Ihr Limit pro Einzellos An dieser Stelle geben Sie an, was Sie für jedes einzelne Stück maximal bereit sind auszugeben.

„Oder“-Gebote Wenn Sie sich für mehrere Münzen interessieren, aber nur ein Stück davon erwerben wollen, können Sie Ihre Gebote einfach mit einem „Oder“ verbinden. Wichtig: bei den „Oder“Geboten können Sie nicht auf frühere Katalognummern zurückgreifen (z. B. 2890 oder 1558), da die Nr. 1558 dann bereits versteigert ist. Unterschreiben Sie Ihren Auktionsauftrag ... ... nachdem Sie Ihre Angaben noch einmal überprüft haben. Ihre Unterschrift ist wichtig, denn damit bestätigen Sie uns, dass sie tatsächlich teilnehmen wollen.

Überschreitung Ihrer Limits pro Einzellos In der Praxis zeigt sich, dass oft mehrere Bieter mit ihren Geboten dicht beieinander liegen. Deshalb empfiehlt es sich, an dieser Stelle einer geringfügigen Überschreitung Ihrer Gebote zuzustimmen. Dadurch erhöhen sich Ihre Chancen, im Wettbewerb mit anderen den Zuschlag zu erhalten.

Begrenzung Ihres Gesamtlimits Hier können sie die Gesamtsumme Ihrer Gebote begrenzen und festlegen, was Sie insgesamt maximal bereit sind auszugeben. Aufgeld und Mehrwertsteuer kommen später noch hinzu.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Wie entsteht der Preis einer Auktion? Der im Auktionskatalog angegebene Preis ist ein Schätzpreis, der durch unsere Experten festgelegt wurde. Das Mindestgebot liegt bei 80 % dieses Wertes. Die Zuschlagpreise sind oft deutlich höher als die Schätzpreise. Als Auktionshaus müssen wir bereits vor der Auktion alle schriftlichen Gebote koordinieren. Folgende Beispiele sind im Bietverfahren möglich: Beispiel 1 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegt kein schriftlicher Auftrag vor: Der Auktionator ruft das Los in der Auktion mit € 800,– aus. Wenn im Saal nur ein Bieter darauf ein Gebot abgibt, erhält der Saalbieter den Zuschlag für € 800,–.

Beispiel 3 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegt dem Auktionator nur ein schriftliches Gebot von € 850,– vor: Das Los wird in der Auktion mit € 800,– ausgerufen. Falls kein Bieter im Saal ein Gegenangebot abgibt, erhält der schriftliche Bieter den Zuschlag bei € 800,–.

Beispiel 2 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegen dem Auktionator drei schriftliche Gebote vor:

Beispiel 4 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegt dem Auktionator nur ein schriftliches Gebot von € 1.200,– vor: Der Auktionator ruft das Los mit € 800,– aus. Gibt es im Saal keinen Gegenbieter, erhält der schriftliche Bieter den Zuschlag bei € 800,–. Falls es im Saal Gegenbieter gibt, bietet der Auktionator für seinen schriftlichen Bieter bis maximal € 1.200,– und erteilt einem Gegenbieter im Saal erst bei mehr als € 1.200,– den Zuschlag.

Bieter 1: Limit € 2.900,– Bieter 2: Limit € 1.800,– Bieter 3: Limit € 800,– Nach der Versteigerungsordnung muss der Auktionator im Interesse von Bieter 1 und 2 angemessen überbieten (um ca. 5 bis 10 %). Der Ausrufpreis in der Auktion beträgt daher im Interesse von Bieter 1 € 1.900,– (obwohl die Schätzung € 1.000,– beträgt). Falls keine höheren Gebote aus dem Saal erfolgen, erhält Bieter 1 den Zuschlag für € 1.900,–. Das Höchstangebot von € 2.900,– musste nicht ausgeschöpft werden.

Beispiel 5 (Schätzpreis: € 1.000,–) Es liegen drei Gebote von je € 975,– vor: Um Missverständnisse zu vermeiden, überzieht der Auktionator das zuerst eingegangene Gebot geringfügig und erteilt den Zuschlag bei € 1.000,–.

Antworten auf Fragen, die uns oft gestellt werden • Zuschlagpreis/Aufgeld: Wir berechnen für Kunden in Deutschland und Ländern der Europäischen Union ein Aufgeld von 23 % auf den Zuschlagpreis, darin ist die gesetzliche Mehrwertsteuer enthalten. Wir berechnen Kunden in Drittländern, z. B. Norwegen, Russland, Schweiz, USA, ein Aufgeld von 20 %, wenn die Münzen durch uns exportiert werden. Beispiel 1, Kunde in Deutschland

Zuschlagpreis Aufgeld 23 % (inkl. MwSt) Versandkosten, z. B. * Rechnungs-Betrag

€ € € €

100,00 23,00 5,90 128,90

Beispiel 2, Kunde in Russland

Zuschlagpreis Aufgeld 20 % Versandkosten, z. B. * Rechnungs-Betrag

€ 1.000,00 € 200,00 € 15,00 € 1.215,00

• Mehrwertsteuer: In Deutschland und Ländern der Europäischen Union ist die Mehrwertsteuer im Rechnungsbetrag enthalten. In Ausnahmefällen unterliegen die Objekte der Vollbesteuerung. Das wird durch eine Liste im Auktionskatalog angezeigt. Seit dem 01.01.2000 sind viele Goldmünzen, die nach 1800 geprägt wurden, steuerfrei. In diesem Fall berechnen wir ein Aufgeld in Höhe von 15 %. Bei Fragen zu der MwSt.-Berechnung rufen Sie uns an, gebührenfrei unter: 0800 583 65 37. • Rücklosverkauf: Alle Lose, die in der Auktion nicht verkauft wurden, können Sie innerhalb von vier Wochen nach der Versteigerung zu 80 % des Schätzpreises (zzgl. 23 % Aufgeld inkl. Mehrwertsteuer) erwerben. Achtung: Viele Rücklose sind schnell vergriffen. • Unser Spezialservice: Alle Bieter erhalten gratis die Ergebnisliste innerhalb von zwei Wochen nach der Auktion. Im Internet können Sie die Ergebnisliste der Auktion sofort nach der Auktion unter www.kuenker.de einsehen. * Die Kosten für Versand und Versicherung werden nach Aufwand berechnet.

Besuchen Sie uns doch einmal persönlich auf der Auktion! • Wir freuen uns sehr, wenn Sie persönlich nach Osnabrück kommen möchten. Das Flair einer Auktion und die Stimmung im Auktionssaal sind ein besonderes Erlebnis für Sie als Sammler. Osnabrück ist außerdem immer eine Reise wert und die persönliche Betreuung durch unsere Mitarbeiter wissen immer mehr Kunden zu schätzen. • Bitte rufen Sie uns rechtzeitig an, damit wir Ihnen Tipps für die Anreise geben und Ihnen ein Hotelzimmer reservieren können. Sie erreichen uns gebührenfrei unter: 0800 583 65 37. • Als erfolgreicher Bieter können Sie Ihre neu erworbenen Stücke gleich persönlich mit nach Hause nehmen. Als guter Kunde unseres Hauses haben Sie 20 Tage Zahlungsziel nach der Auktion.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Важная информация об участии на аукционе • Наши аукционные правила и условия Вы можете найти в конце каталога. • Мы просим Вас присылать Ваши ставки заранее. В противном случае вероятность ошибки при обработке заказа, присланного перед самым аукционом, возрастает. • Приложенный образец заполнения письменного заказа поможет Вам при отправлении Ваших письменных ставок. Ставки можно отправить как по почте, так и по факсу : +49 (0)541–96 20 222 круглосуточно. • Успешные заказы будут обрабатываться в порядке их поступления к нам. Все участники, которым не удалось что-либо купить на аукционе, будут также проинформированы после аукциона. • Если Вы впервые принимаете участие в нашем аукционе, то мы рекомендуем Вам сообщить нам Ваш референц – аукционные дома, с которыми Вы уже сотрудничали. Или свяжитесь с нами по телефону. • Мы гарантируем подлинность всех предметов, проданных на нашем аукционе, в течении неограниченного времени. • Все участники нашего аукциона получают в течении 2-ух недель результаты торгов бесплатно. • У Вас есть вопросы по определенной монете? Вы хотели бы лично принять участие в аукционе? У Вас возникли другие вопросы? Звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268, и мы будем рады Вам помочь.

Мое заочное участие на аукционе • • • •

Тщательно изучите наш каталог и запишите те лоты, которые Вас заинтересовали. Определите для Себя ту максимальную сумму, которую Вы готовы заплатить за каждый лот. Заполните приложенный формуляр. Отправьте нам Ваш заказ заранее. При 2-ух и более равных ставок на один и тот же лот преимущество получает ставка, пришедшая к нам первой ( ранее других ). • Если стоимость выбранных Вами лотов составляет например 10.000 евро, а Вы могли бы потратить только 2.000 евро, то в этом случае укажите Ваш общий лимит в размере 2.000 евро. • Если у Вас возникли вопросы по заполнению формуляра, звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268. Наши сотрудники будут рады Вам помочь.

Мое личное участие в Оснабрюке • Мы будем рады Вашему личному присутствию в Оснабрюке. Атмосфера, которая стоит во время аукционных торгов в зале, особенная и непередаваемая. • Для получения более подробной информации по Вашей поездке в Оснабрюк, в частности, бронирования номеров в гостинице, мы просим Вас заранее связаться с нами по телефону: +49 (0)541-96 20 268. • Приобретенные на аукционе лоты Вы можете лично забрать после окончания торгов. Наши постоянные клиенты осуществляют оплату в течение 20 дней после получения счета. Участвующие в аукционе впервые осуществляют 100%-ую предоплату.

Участие по интернету Все каталоги доступны для просмотра на нашем сайте в интернете по адресу www.kuenker.de. На сайте Вы можете выбрать интересующие Вас лоты и отправить Ваши ставки на нашу электронную почту service@kuenker.de. Если у Вас возникнут дополнительные вопросы, мы просим Вас связаться с нами по телефону +49 (0)5 41-96 20 268.

Участие по телефону Для участия в торгах по телефону просим Вас связаться с нами не позднее 48 часов до начала аукциона. Условием проведения телефонных торгов является письменное подтверждение ставки, равной как минимум стартовой цене. Участие в телефонных торгах возможно только для лотов со стартовой ценой свыше 500 евро. Для получения дополнительной информации и регистрации на аукционе звоните Анастасии Кепселль до аукциона по телефону +49 (0)5 41-96 20 268 и во время аукциона по телефону, указанному на первой странице каталога.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Как образовывается цена на аукционе? • Все лоты в нашем каталоге были предварительно оценены нашими экпертами. Минимальная ставка составляет 80 % от оценочной стоимости лота. Конечные цены зачастую намного превышают оценочные. • Ваши письменные ( заочные ) ставки должны быть обязательно обработаны нашими сотрудниками до начала аукциона. Рассмотрим несколько возможных примеров: Пример 1 ( Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) Заочных ставок нет. Аукционатор начинает торги с € 800,–. Если в зале только один человек, желающий приобрести этот лот, то соответственно он получит его за € 800,–. Пример 2 ( Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеются 3 заочные ставки: Заочный участник 1 : Лимит € 2.900,– Заочный участник 2 : Лимит € 1.800,– Заочный участник 3 : Лимит € 800,– По правилам аукциона аукционатор в интересах заочного участника 1 и 2 должен повышать ставку равномерно ( приблизительно на 5 – 10 % ). Поэтому в нашем случае в интересах заочного участника 1 аукционатор начнет торги с € 1.900,– ( хотя оценочная стоимость составляет € 1.000,–). Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник 1 получит этот лот за € 1.900,–. Его лимит в € 2.900,– ни в коем случае не будет исчерпан. Пример 3 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеется только 1 заочная ставка в размере € 850,–. Аукционатор начнет торги с € 800,–.

Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник получит этот лот за € 800,–. Пример 4 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеется только 1 заочная ставка в размере € 1.200,–. Аукционатор начнет торги с € 800,–. Если среди очных участников никто не даст более высокую ставку, то заочный участник получит этот лот за € 800,–. Если же в зале очный участник согласен на более высокую ставку ( больше € 800,– ), то в этом случае аукционатор в интересах заочного участника имеет право тоговаться до € 1.200,–. Следовательно только при ставке, превышающей € 1.200,–, данный лот получит очный участник в зале. Пример 5 (Оценочная стоимость: € 1.000,– ) У аукционатора имеются 3 заочные ставки, каждая в размере € 975,–. Среди очных участников интереса к лоту не имеется. В этом случае чтобы избежать недоразумений, аукционатор имеет право ненамного повысить лимит и сделать ставку равной € 1.000,–. Данный лот за € 1.000,– получит тот заочный участник, чей письменный формуляр мы получили раньше всего.

Ответы на часто задаваемые вопросы • Комиссионные для клиентов, проживающих в Евросоюзе составляют 23 % к удару молотка, эти проценты уже содержат НДС. Для наших клиентов, проживающих не в Евросоюзе ( например в Норвегии, России, Швейцарии, США ) комиссионные составляют 20 %, если экспорт будет осуществлен через фирму «Кюнкер». Пример 1, Удар молотка клиент из Комиссионные 23 % Евросоюза Почтовые расходы Rechnungs-Betrag

€ € € €

100,00 23,00 5,90 128,90

Пример 2, клиент из России

Удар молотка Комиссионные 20 % Почтовые расходы Rechnungs-Betrag

€ 1.000,00 € 200,00 € 15,00 € 1.215,00

• Непроданные на аукционе лоты Вы можете приобрести в течение 4 недель за 80 % от их оценочной стоимости, прибавив к ним комиссионные и почтовые расходы.

Как я могу получить приобретенные лоты? Вывоз приобретенных на аукционе предметов осуществляется одним из следующих способов по Вашему выбору: • Вы можете лично забрать Ваши лоты. По окончании торгов мы готовим все необходимые документы на вывоз из Германии. При вывозе за пределы Евросоюза, НДС Вам возвращается. • Почтовые отправки в Россию ( Беларусь, Украину ) приобретенных Вами лотов осуществляются по предварительной договоренности. Для связи с нами звоните нам по телефону +49 (0)541-96 20 268. С 1971 года имя Кюнкер является гарантией надежности и компетентности. Мы не станем изменять нашим принципам и в будущем. Спасибо Вам за Ваше доверие, которое является не только самым сильным стимулом в нашей работе, но и наилучшей ее оценкой. Я желаю Вам успехов на нашем аукционе!

Фриц-Рудольф Кюнкер

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Versteigerungsbedingungen Wir versteigern als Kommissionär im eigenen Namen und für Rechnung der Einlieferer, die unbenannt bleiben. Durch die Teilnahme an der Versteigerung werden die Versteigerungsbedingungen anerkannt. Der Zuschlagpreis bildet die Berechnungsgrundlage für das vom Käufer zu zahlende Aufgeld. Für Käufer aus EU-Ländern gilt: Für Verbraucher wird einheitlich ein Aufgeld von 23 % (im Gesamtbetrag ist die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer enthalten) erhoben. Für Unternehmer i. S. d. UStG wird bei differenzbesteuerter Ware ein Aufgeld von 23 % erhoben (im Gesamtbetrag ist die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer bereits enthalten), bei regelbesteuerter Ware ein Aufgeld von 20 % (zzgl. gesetzlicher Umsatzsteuer auf Gesamtbetrag von Zuschlag und Aufgeld). Ausfuhrlieferungen in EU-Länder können bei Vorlage der gesetzlichen Voraussetzungen von der Umsatzsteuer befreit sein. Für Käufer mit Wohnsitz in Drittländern (außerhalb der EU) gilt: Das Aufgeld beträgt einheitlich 20 %. Wird die Ware vom Käufer selbst oder durch Dritte in Drittländer ausgeführt, wird die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer berechnet, jedoch bei Vorlage der gesetzlich geforderten Ausfuhrnachweise erstattet. Führen wir diese Ware selbst in Drittländer aus, wird die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer nicht berechnet. Für Goldmünzen, die von der gesetzlichen Umsatzsteuer befreit sind, wird ein Aufgeld von 15 % berechnet. Im Ausland anfallende (Einfuhr-)Umsatzsteuer und Zölle trägt in jedem Fall der Käufer. Die Versandkosten werden dem Käufer nach Aufwand berechnet. Der Zuschlag erfolgt nach dreimaligem Ausruf des höchsten Gebotes und verpflichtet zur unverzüglichen Abnahme der Ware. Bei Vorlage besonderer Gründe können wir den Zuschlag verweigern oder uns vorbehalten. Geben mehrere Bieter gleich hohe Gebote ab, können wir nach freiem Ermessen einem Bieter den Zuschlag erteilen, durch Los über den Zuschlag entscheiden oder die Nummer noch einmal ausrufen. Der Versteigerer ist berechtigt, aus wichtigem Grund Nummern zu vereinigen oder zu trennen, in einer anderen als der im Katalog vorgesehenen Reihenfolge aufzurufen oder zurückziehen. Erfolgt ein Zuschlag unter Vorbehalt, erlischt das Gebot mit Ablauf von 4 Wochen ab dem Tag des Zuschlags, es sei denn, wir haben dem Bieter innerhalb dieser Frist die vorbehaltlose Annahme des Gebotes mitgeteilt. Das Eigentum an der Ware geht erst mit vollständiger Bezahlung auf den Käufer über. Sofern nichts anderes vereinbart wird, ist der Kaufpreis von anwesenden Käufern sofort, bei schriftlichen bzw. telefonischen Bietern spätestens 20 Tage nach Erhalt der Rechnung zu zahlen. Bei Zahlungsverzug werden Zinsen i. H. v. 1 % pro Monat berechnet. Verweigert der Käufer ernsthaft und endgültig die Abnahme der Ware, können wir vom Kaufvertrag zurücktreten und Schadensersatz verlangen mit der Maßgabe, dass wir den Gegenstand nochmals versteigern und unseren Schaden in derselben Weise wie bei Zahlungsverzug des Käufers geltend machen können, ohne dass dem Käufer ein Mehrerlös aus der erneuten Versteigerung zusteht. Der Versand erfolgt auf Wunsch und nach den Anweisungen des Käufers und auf seine Kosten und Gefahr. Die Mindeststeigerungsstufen für das Bietungsverfahren betragen: bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu bis zu ab

€ 100,– € 200,– € 500,– € 1.000,– € 2.000,– € 5.000,– € 10.000,– € 20.000,– € 50.000,– € 50.000,–

€ 5,– € 10,– € 20,– € 50,– € 100,– € 200,– € 500,– € 1.000,– € 2.000,– € 5.000,– (bzw. 10 %)

Wir berücksichtigen bestmöglich schriftliche oder fernmündliche Angebote bzw. Angebote übers Internet und behandeln diese grundsätzlich gleich wie Angebote aus dem Versteigerungssaal. Aufträge von uns unbekannten Sammlern können wir nur ausführen, wenn ein Depot hinterlegt wird oder Referenzen benannt werden. Schriftliche Gebote können nur bis 24 Stunden vor Auktionsbeginn berücksichtigt werden, telefonische Bieter müssen sich mindestens zwei Werktage vor der Auktion voranmelden.

Im Bedarfsfall sind wir berechtigt, die Limits um 3 – 5 % zu überschreiten. Gebote, die unter 80 % des Schätzpreises liegen, werden nicht berücksichtigt. Unlimitierte Aufträge haben keinen Anspruch auf unbedingte Ausführung. Schriftliche, fernmündliche und Internet-Gebote werden von uns ohne Auftragsprovision ausgeführt; sie müssen den Gegenstand mit Katalognummer und des gebotenen Preises, der sich als Zuschlagsumme ohne Aufgeld und Umsatzsteuer versteht, benennen und sind bindend. Unklarheiten oder Ungenauigkeiten gehen zu Lasten des Bieters. Wir übernehmen für diese Gebote jedoch keinerlei Haftung, insbesondere nicht für das Zustandekommen und die Aufrechterhaltung von Telekommunikationsverbindungen oder/und Übermittlungsfehlern, ebenso wenig für Ausfall- und Verzögerungszeiten, verursacht durch Wartungen und Wiederherstellungen des jeweiligen Servers, durch Störungen und Probleme im Internetverkehr, durch höhere Gewalt, sowie weitere Störungen, die durch Umstände begründet sind, die außerhalb unserer Verantwortung liegen. Dies gilt nicht für den Fall, dass uns hieran der Vorwurf grober Fahrlässigkeit oder Vorsatz trifft. Die Katalogbeschreibungen sind keine vertraglich vereinbarten Beschaffenheiten i. S. d. § 434 BGB, sondern dienen lediglich zur Information und zur Abgrenzung der Ware. Die Angabe der Erhaltung ist streng nach den im deutschen Münzhandel üblichen Erhaltungseinstufungen vorgenommen und eine persönliche Beurteilung. Die Echtheit der Stücke wird gewährleistet, sofern nichts Gegenteiliges im Katalog oder bei der Versteigerung angegeben wird; hier haften wir für einen insoweit entstandenen Schaden bis zur Höhe des Kaufpreises. Im Übrigen übernehmen wir keine Rechts- oder Sachmängel bezüglich der im Katalog aufgeführten Ware. Wir geben durch Vorbesichtigung Gelegenheit, sich vom Erhaltungszustand der Ware zu überzeugen. Fehler, die sich bereits aus den Abbildungen ergeben, berechtigen nicht zur Beanstandung. Bei der Auktion anwesende Käufer kaufen grundsätzlich »wie besehen«. Bei Losen mit mehreren Stücken sind die Stückzahlen nur ca.-Angaben. Gewährleistungsansprüche wegen Sach- und Rechtsmängeln oder irrtümlichen Zuschreibungen sind ausgeschlossen. Innerhalb der gesetzlichen Gewährleistungsfrist vorgetragene und begründete Mängelrügen des Käufers leiten wir jedoch unverzüglich an den Einlieferer der bemängelten Sache weiter. Nach unserer Wahl treten wir unsere gegen den Einlieferer aus der Verletzung des Kommissionsvertrages zustehenden Ansprüche an den Käufer ab bzw. stellen den Käufer durch Rückabwicklung des Kaufvertrages schadlos, wobei ein über die Erstattung des Kaufpreises darüber hinausgehender Anspruch des Käufers ausgeschlossen ist. Wenn Sie die von uns erworbene Ware einem Grading Service übergeben wollen, übernehmen wir keine Garantie, dass die Münzen dort angenommen oder entsprechend unserer Bewertung eingestuft werden. Schadensersatzansprüche des Käufers gegen uns sind – gleich aus welchem Rechtsgrund – ausgeschlossen. Dies gilt nicht für Schäden, die auf einem vorsätzlichen oder grob fahrlässigen Verhalten von uns, unseren gesetzlichen Vertretern oder Erfüllungsgehilfen beruhen bzw. ihre Ursache in der Verletzung von vertraglichen Kardinalpflichten haben; im letzteren Fall ist Haftung jedoch auf den vorhersehbaren, vertragstypischen Schaden beschränkt. Die Haftung für Schäden aus der Verletzung des Lebens, des Körpers oder der Gesundheit bleibt unberührt. Der Käufer kann nicht aufrechnen, es sei denn, seine Gegenansprüche sind rechtskräftig festgestellt, unbestritten oder von uns anerkannt. Zurückbehaltungsrechte des Käufers sind ebenfalls ausgeschlossen, es sei denn, er ist nicht Unternehmer i. S. d. § 14 BGB und sein Gegenanspruch beruht auf demselben Vertragsverhältnis. Es gilt ausschließlich das Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Das Übereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen über Verträge über den internationalen Warenkauf (CISG) findet keine Anwendung. Gegenüber Unternehmern i. S. d. § 14 BGB und Käufern ohne allgemeinen Gerichtsstand im Inland ist Erfüllungsort und ausschließlicher Gerichtsstand bei allen aus dem Vertragsverhältnis unmittelbar oder mittelbar sich ergebenden Streitigkeiten Osnabrück. Sollte eine der Bestimmungen ganz oder teilweise unwirksam sein oder werden, bleibt die Gültigkeit der übrigen davon unberührt. Die unwirksame ist durch eine wirksame zu ersetzen, die dem wirtschaftlichen Gehalt und Zweck der unwirksamen Bestimmung am nächsten kommt. Gleiches gilt für eine Lücke. Soweit die Versteigerungsbedingungen in mehreren Sprachen vorliegen, ist stets die deutsche Fassung maßgebend.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Terms and Conditions of Auction We auction goods as commission agent in our own name and for account of not named consignors. Participation in the auction shall be deemed express acknowledgement of these Terms and Conditions of Auction. The hammer price is the basis for the calculation of the buyer’s surcharge. For buyers from EEC countries the following applies: for consumers there is a standard surcharge of 23 % (relevant VAT already included). For traders according to the Value Added Tax Act the surcharge is 23 % (relevant VAT already included) for goods delivered by difference taxation; for goods delivered by standard taxation the surcharge is 20 % plus the relevant VAT on the entire amount of hammer price and surcharge. Export deliveries to EEC countries shall be free of VAT on existence of the respective legal requirements. For buyers from abroad (no EEC country) the following applies: there is a standard surcharge of 20 %. As far those buyers export the good in person or by third persons, the relevant VAT will be charged but refunded by presentation of the legal export certificate. In case we export these goods the relevant VAT will not be charged. For gold coins, which are not subject to the legal VAT, the surcharge is 15 % of the hammer price. Foreign taxes and custom duties shall be carried by buyer as well as shipping expenses charged according to effort. The hammer shall fall after the highest bid has been called out three times. The knockdown shall oblige to take immediately delivery of the goods. Upon good cause shown we can refuse or reserve the knock down. In the event of several equal bids we have the right to knock down at our own discretion, to decide by drawing lots or re-open the bidding. The auctioneer reserves the right to combine or to separate lots for good cause. In case of a reserved knock down the bid expires four weeks after the knock down unless we informed the bidder within this period of the unreserved acceptance. Ownership of the goods shall not pass until full payment. Unless mutually agreed otherwise, payment of the auction bill from buyers present at the auction is due immediately, for other buyers within 20 days after receipt of the bill. Defaulted payments shall bear an interest charge of 1 % per month in the amount in default. In case buyer is in default with the obligation and does not take over the goods in spite of a written deadline, or refuses to take over, we can withdraw from contract and claim damage provided that the item may be put again to auction at this buyer’s cost. In this event the buyer shall be liable for any shortfall, while he shall have no right or claim towards any excess proceeds. The shipment (by mail or otherwise) of the goods shall be for sole cost and risk of the purchaser or recipient, respectively. The minimum rates of increase for the bidding procedure are: up to up to up to up to up to up to up to up to up to above

€ 100.– € 200.– € 500.– € 1,000.– € 2,000.– € 5,000.– € 10,000.– € 20,000.– € 50,000.– € 50,000.–

€ 5.– € 10.– € 20.– € 50.– € 100.– € 200.– € 500.– € 1,000.– € 2,000.– € 5,000.– (respectively 10 %)

If necessary, we are allowed to increase the bids by 3 – 5 %. Bids amounting to less than 80 % of the estimate shall not be executed. Unlimited bids shall not oblige us to consider, accept or carry out such order. Written orders or those via telephone or Internet will be carried out without charge of an extra commission; they shall name the item with catalog number and the bid price and are binding. Ambiguities shall be carried by the bidder. We do not assume any liability for such bids, especially not for connecting and keeping up telephone lines and/or transmission errors, as well as not for off times and lag times, caused by attendance and restore of the server, by errors and problems of the Internet, by force majeure or reason outside of our responsibility. This does not apply in case we are acting in intentional or grossly negligence. The descriptions of the goods in the catalog do not constitute any warranty or liability in the meaning of § 434 BGB but are provided as mere information. The state of preservation of items is strictly assessed in accordance with the grades accepted by the German coin trade and only represents an individual and personal assessment. The authenticity of the coins is warranted (up to the total purchase price) unless anything to the contrary is noted in the catalog or the auction. In other respects, any and all warranty claims based on material defects of quality and defects of title are excluded. In view of the opportunity of prior inspection to ascertain the state and condition of the auction lots, complaints of errors resulting of the images are excluded. Buyers present at the auction acquire items strictly on the basis of »as is where is« and »as inspected«. If and when auctioned in lots, the quantities of individual pieces given, only represent an approximate figure. Any and all warranty claims based on material defects of quality and defects of title or on an error in the allocation of individual pieces to a certain lot are excluded. We forward quality complaints to the deliverer claimed within the legal period of warranty. To our own choice we assign possible claims resulting out of the commission contract to buyer or compensate buyer by unwinding of contract, at which a claim of buyer exceeding the purchase price is excluded. In case buyer intends to deliver goods to a Grading Service, we do not guarantee the respective acceptance or the classifying according to our valuation. Damage claims of buyer – irrespective of legal basis – are excluded. This shall not apply for damages resulting out of our intentional or grossly negligent conduct of our legal representatives respectively are caused in the breach of contractual cardinal obligations; to this degree, liability is limited to damages that are foreseeable and typical for this type of contract. This shall not effect our liability for damages to life, limb, or health. Offsetting counterclaims of buyer are excluded, unless the claim is uncontested or has been declared legally valid by court. Retentions rights of buyer are excluded unless he is not a trader (§ 14 BGB) and his counterclaim results from the same contractual relationship. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Germany. The UN Convention (CISG) on the International Sale of Goods shall not apply. Against traders (§ 14 BGB) and purchasers from abroad the exclusive jurisdiction shall be the Court of Osnabrück in relation to any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with the purchase. The German version of these conditions shall be the legally binding. The invalidity or inefficiency of any provision shall not effect the validity of all other provisions. In lieu of the invalid or inefficient provision or for the purpose of closing the gap, a reasonable provision shall apply.

We carry out best possible written or orders via telephone or internet and treat them equal to orders to present bidders. Orders from collectors unknown to the auctioneer can only be accepted and carried out if a deposit or references to the satisfaction on the auctioneer are given. To be bindingly accepted, written bids need to be received at least 24 hours before auction, bidders via telephone need to be registered at the latest two work days before auction.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Numismatische Ausdrücke/Numismatic Terms/Expressions Numismatiques/ Termini di Numismatica/Нумизматические Термины DEUTSCH

ENGLISH

FRANCAIS

ITALIANO

RUSSKIJ

Abschlag Am Rand Berieben Blei Dezentriert Doppelschlag Einfassung Einseitig Emailliert Erhaltung Etwas Exemplar Fassungsspuren Fehlprägung

struck at the rim/border slightly polished lead uncentered double struck frame uniface enamelled condition/preservation slightly specimen, copy trace of mounting mis-strike

frappe en tranche frotté plomb décentré double frappe encadrement uniface émaillé conservation un peu exemplaire traces de monture défaut de frappe

coniazione al bordo trattato piombo non centrato ribattitura cornice uniface smaltato conservazione un poco esemplare tracce di montatura difetto di coniazione

Feld(er) Gedenkmünze Geglättet Gelocht Geprägt Gewellt Goldpatina Henkelspur Hübsch Jahrh. = Jahrhundert Kl. = klein Korrosionsspuren Kratzer Kupfer Legierung Leicht(e) l. = links Min. = minimal Nachahmung Prachtexemplar Prägeschwäche Randdelle Randfehler Randschrift r. = rechts Rückseite

field(s) commemorative coin tooled holed minted bent golden patina mount mark attractive century small traces of corrosion scratch(es) copper alloy slightly left minimal imitation attractive, perfect piece weakly struck edge nick edge faults lettered edge to right reverse

champ monnaie commémorative retouché troué frappé ondulé patine dorée trace de monture joli siècle petit traces de corrosion rayure cuivre alliage légèrement gauche minime imitation pièce magnifique de frappe faible défaut sur la tranche défaut sur la tranche tranche inscrite droite revers

campo moneta commemorativa liscio bucato coniato ondolato patina d´oro tracce di appicagnolo carino secolo piccolo segni di corrosione graffio(i) rame lega leggero sinistra minimamente contraffazione esemplare magnifico conio stanco ammaccatura al bordo errore nel bordo inscrizione sul bordo destra rovescio

оттиск на гурте потертая свинец ассиметричный двойной чекан кайма односторонняя эмалированная сохранность слегка экземпляр следы обработки ошибка в процессе чеканки поле памятная монета отглаженная проколатая отчеканенная волнистая золотая патина следы от ушка красивая столетие маленький следы коррозии царапина медь сплав легкий слева минимальный имитация превосходный экземпляр издержкн при чеканкe вмятина на гурте ошибка на гурте гуртовая надпись справа реверс

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

DEUTSCH

ENGLISH

FRANCAIS

ITALIANO

RUSSKIJ

Schriftspuren

traces of inscription

traces de légende

tracce di leggenda

Schrötling Schrötlingsfehler Schwach ausgeprägt Selten in dieser Erhaltung

flan flan defect weakly struck rare in this condition

flan flan défectueux de frappe faible rare en cet état

tondello errore di tondello conio stanco conservazione rara

Seltener Jahrgang Stempel Stempelfehler Überdurchschnittlich erhalten Überprägt Unediert Unikum Vergoldet Von allergrößter Seltenheit Vorderseite Winz.= winzig Zain Zierrand Zinn ziseliert

rare year die(s) mistake in the die extraordinary condition

année rare coin erreur de frappe conservation extraordinaire

overstruck unpublished unique specimen gilt extremely rare averse tiny flan ornamental border tin chased

surfrappé inédit unique doré de toute rareté en face petit flan tranche ornée étain ciselé

annata rara conio errore di conio conservazione estraordinaria ribattuto inedito pezzo unico dorato di estrema raritá diritto veramente piccolo tondello taglio ornato stagno cesellato

следы предыдущей надписи заготовка брак заготовки слабо отчеканeна редкая в такой сохранности редкий год штамп ошибка штампа сохранность выше среднего перечекан неопубликованная монета уникальная позолоченная наиредчайшая аверс незначительный заготовка декоративный гурт цинк гравированный

Erhaltungsgrade/Grading Terms/Degrès de Conservation/Gradi di Conservazione/ Шкала сохранности DEUTSCH

ENGLISH

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RUSSKIJ

Polierte Platte Stempelglanz Vorzüglich Sehr schön Schön Gering erhalten

Proof Uncirculated Extremely fine Very fine Fine Very good

Flan bruni Fleur de coin Superbe Très beau Beau Très bien conservé

Fondo specchio Fior di conio Splendido Bellissimo Molto Bello Bello

полированная превосходная отличная очень хорошая хорошая удовлетворительная

Seltenheitsgrade/Rarity Terms/Degrés de Rareté/Grado di Raritá/ Шкала редкости DEUTSCH

ENGLISH

FRANCAIS

ITALIANO

RUSSKIJ

R = Selten RR = Sehr selten Von großer Seltenheit Von größter Seltenheit Von allergrößter Seltenheit Unediert

R = Rare RR = Very rare Very rare Extremely rare Extremely rare Unpublished

Rare Très rare De grande rareté Extrêmement rare De la plus extrême rareté Inédit

raro molto raro di grande raritá di grandissima raritá di estrema raritá inedito

редкая очень редкая большой редкости наибольшей редкости наиредчайшая ранее не описанная

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

IMPRESSUM NUMISMATISCHE BEARBEITUNG FOTOS LAYOUT DRUCK

Alexandra Spreu, Dr. Sebastian Steinbach, Jens Ulrich Thormann M. A., Eva Weber, Manuela Weiß Lübke & Wiedemann, Stuttgart danner pc - gesteuerte systeme waiblingen meister print und media, Kassel, Januar 2014 Jeglicher Nachdruck, auch auszugsweise, bedarf der Genehmigung des Auktionshauses

BANKVERBINDUNGEN – BANK DETAILS Deutsche Bank Osnabrück

IBAN: DE11 2657 0090 0017 7006 00 BIC: DEUTDE3B265 (BLZ 265 700 90) Konto-Nummer 0 177 006

Commerzbank Osnabrück

IBAN: DE27 2658 0070 0780 5202 00 BIC: DRESDEFF265 (BLZ 265 800 70) Konto-Nummer 780 520 200

Sparkasse Osnabrück

IBAN: DE50 2655 0105 0000 2473 20 Swift-Code: NOLADE22XXX (BLZ 265 501 05) Konto-Nummer 247 320

Volksbank eG Bad Laer-Borgloh-Hilter-Melle

IBAN: DE26 2656 2490 1200 2224 00 BIC: GENODEF1HTR (BLZ 265 624 90) Konto-Nummer 1 200 222 400

Bankhaus Lampe KG, Bielefeld

IBAN: DE81 4802 0151 0000 1740 76 BIC: LAMPDEDD (BLZ 480 201 51) Konto-Nummer 174 076

Postbank Hannover

HypoVereinsbank München

Oldenburgische Landesbank AG Oldenburg Credit Suisse Paypal Credit Cards

IBAN: DE73 2501 0030 0290 0603 08 Swift-Code: PBNKDEFF (BLZ 250 100 30) Konto-Nummer 2900 60-308 IBAN: DE06 7002 0270 0002 4179 52 BIC: HYVEDEMMXXX (BLZ 700 202 70) Konto-Nummer 24 17 952 IBAN: DE30 2802 0050 5085 0338 00 BIC: OLBODEH2XXX (BLZ 280 200 50) Konto-Nummer 508 50338 00 IBAN: CH43 0483 5177 3509 0200 0 Swift-Code: CRESCHZZ80A paypal@kuenker.de, Service charge: 3,5 % We do accept VISA and MASTERCARD, Service charge: 4,5 %

Besichtigung/On View Die Besichtigung des Auktionsgutes kann nach vorheriger telefonischer Absprache erfolgen. Unser besonderer Service anlässlich der Numismata München 2014: Besichtigung am Freitag, 7. März, von 9.30 bis 18.00 Uhr und Samstag, 8. März, von 9.30 bis 14.00 Uhr in unseren Münchner Büroräumen am Maximiliansplatz 12a. Bitte beachten Sie, dass die Konvolute nur in Osnabrück besichtigt werden können.

KUENKER.DE

Auction lots may be viewed by appointment only. Special service for our customers participating in the Numismata Munich 2014: auction lot viewing is possible in our Munich office at Maximiliansplatz 12a on Friday, March 7th, from 9.30 AM to 6.00 PM and Saturday, March 8th, from 9.30 AM to 2.00 PM. Please, be aware that multiple lots are only on view in Osnabrück.

Online-Katalog/Online Catalogue Betrachten Sie unsere Auktionskataloge im Internet! Unter www.kuenker.de und www.sixbid.com haben Sie die Möglichkeit, Abbildungen zu vergrößern, Ihre Gebote direkt abzugeben und die Ergebnisse der Auktionen abzurufen. Please browse our auction catalogues at www.kuenker.com or at www.sixbid.com! You will have the possibility to zoom all images, to place your bids and to view all auction results online.

Künker-Service Wir sind mittlerweile mit neun eigenen Standorten in Deutschland und Europa vertreten. So können wir Ihnen unseren beliebten Künker-Service auch in Ihrer Nähe anbieten. Unsere Leistungen vor Ort: • Persönliche Beratung und Betreuung in Ihrer Nähe. • Sie können Ihre Münzen direkt einliefern oder verkaufen, ersteigerte Münzen abholen und sich nach Vereinbarung Einlieferungen auszahlen lassen. • Sie können sich von unserem Kooperationspartner auf den Künker-Auktionen vertreten lassen. We are now represented with nine locations in Germany and Europe so that we can also provide you the best service in your vicinity. Our local services: • You always have a point of contact nearby. • You can directly consign or sell your coins, collect purchases and receive by appointment payment for consignments. • You can have our cooperation partner represent you at our auctions. OSNABRÜCK Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Gutenbergstraße 23, 49076 Osnabrück Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20, E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Haupptstsititz Ha ititz in in Osn s abbrüückk

USt-IdNr./VAT-No: DE256270181

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Standorte/Locations

Drr. H D Huubert rt Ruß

Fraannk Ri Fr Rich chharrds dsen en en

MÜNCHEN Künker Numismatik AG Löwengrube 12, 80333 München Dr. Hubert Ruß Tel. +49 (0)89 242 198 38, service@kuenker-numismatik.de Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Maximiliansplatz 12a, 80333 München Frank Richardsen Tel. +49 (0)89 242 16 990, frank.richardsen@kuenker.de BERLIN Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Poststraße 22, 10178 Berlin-Mitte Michael Otto Tel. +49 (0)30 247 248 91, michael.otto@kuenker.de

Miichae M chhaeel Ot Ottoo Otto

Rolaanndd Trraamp mpe

HAMBURG Künker Hamburg, c/o Roland Trampe Roland Trampe Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20, roland.trampe@kuenker.de KONSTANZ Künker Konstanz, c/o Michael Autengruber Schulthaißstraße 10, 78462 Konstanz Michael Autengruber Tel. +49 (0)7531 28 44 69, michael.autengruber@kuenker.de

Michaeel Autengruubeer

Petr Koovvaljo Pe jov

ZNOJMO Künker Znojmo, c/o Petr Kovaljov 17. Listopadu 18, 66902 Znojmo, Tschechische Republik Petr Kovaljov Tel. +42 (0)603 81 10 31, petr.kovaljov@kuenker.de ZÜRICH Künker Zürich, c/o Hess-Divo AG Löwenstraße 55, 8001 Zürich, Schweiz Ulf Künker Tel. +41 (0)44 225 40 90, zuerich@kuenker.de

Aleksey A Al ekse ek ksseey Onc O On Onchukov nch chuk ukovv ukov

MOSKAU Künker Moskau, c/o Russian Coin Co. Ltd. Lyalin pereulok dom 9, str. 1, of. 3, 105062 Moskau, Russland Aleksey Onchukov Tel. +7 (495) 589 56 10, aleksey.onchukov@kuenker.de

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Was ist für Ihre schriftliche Auktionsteilnahme besonders wichtig?

DEUTSCH

• Bitte senden Sie uns Ihre Aufträge möglichst frühzeitig zu. Wenn uns Ihr Auftrag erst kurz vor der Auktion erreicht, können sich bei der Bearbeitung Fehler einschleichen. Das beiliegende Formular erleichtert Ihnen die Abgabe eines schriftlichen Gebots. Gerne nehmen wir Ihre Gebote per Post, Fax oder Email entgegen. • Wenn Sie noch nicht bei uns gekauft haben, bitten wir Sie, uns als Referenz eine Münzhandlung anzugeben, mit der Sie bereits in Geschäftsverbindung stehen. • Wir gewährleisten die Echtheit aller verkauften Objekte auch über die gesetzliche Frist hinaus.

Sie möchten telefonisch an der Auktion teilnehmen? Die telefonische Teilnahme an der Auktion ist bei uns selbstverständlich möglich. Wir rufen Sie während der Auktion gerne an und helfen Ihnen, die gewünschten Stücke zu ersteigern. Aus organisatorischen Gründen bitten wir Sie, die folgenden Punkte zu beachten:

Ulrich Künker Leiter Kundenbetreuung

• Telefonisches Bieten ist nur bei Losen mit einer Taxe von mind. € 500,– möglich. • Bitte teilen Sie uns mindestens 48 Stunden vor der Auktion mit, zu welchen Stücken Sie angerufen werden möchten. • Bitte achten Sie darauf, dass Sie erreichbar sind, wenn Ihre Stücke versteigert werden. Der Zeitplan in diesem Katalog hilft Ihnen dabei, den Zeitpunkt der Versteigerung abzuschätzen. • Wir empfehlen, zusätzlich zu Ihrem Anrufwunsch auch ein Gebotslimit abzugeben, damit wir für Sie auch dann bieten können, falls die Verbindung nicht zustande kommt. • Bitte beachten Sie, dass telefonisches Bieten eine unsichere Variante der Auktionsteilnahme sein kann. Wir können keine Garantie für das Zustandekommen der telefonischen Verbindung übernehmen. Wenn Sie sicher gehen wollen, besuchen Sie bitte unsere Auktion persönlich oder geben Sie uns ein schriftliches Gebot.

Was passiert nach der Auktion? Barbara Westmeyer deutschsprachige Kundenbetreuung

Telefon: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 Gebührenfrei: 0800 58 36 537 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Internet: www.kuenker.de Montag – Donnerstag 8.30 – 17.00 Uhr Freitag 8.00 – 15.30 Uhr

• Der Versand der Auktionsware startet sofort nach Beendigung der Auktion und dauert in der Regel 8 Tage. • Alle Kunden, die an unserer Auktion schriftlich teilgenommen haben, erhalten innerhalb von 2 Wochen nach der Auktion unsere Ergebnisliste gratis. • Alle Ergebnisse sind spätestens einen Tag nach Auktionsende auf unserer Internetseite verfügbar.

Sie möchten Ihre Münzen in unsere Auktion einliefern? Sollten Sie sich zum Verkauf Ihrer Münzen entschlossen haben, kommen Sie zu uns. Seit 1985 beweisen wir mit derzeit 4 Auktionsterminen und ca. 15 Katalogen pro Jahr unsere Kompetenz und Zuverlässigkeit. Wichtige Informationen für Sie im Überblick: • Ihre Münzen werden von unseren Experten nach neuestem numismatischem Standard bestimmt und in hochwertigen Farbkatalogen präsentiert. • Wir verfügen mit mehr als 10.000 Kunden über eine der besten Kundendateien weltweit. Im Durchschnitt verkaufen wir mehr als 95 % der Stücke einer Auktion, nicht selten erzielen wir dabei Rekordzuschläge. Für nicht verkaufte Objekte werden keine Gebühren erhoben. • Ab der Übergabe an uns sind Ihre Münzen mit dem doppelten Schätzwert versichert. Unsere Kundenbetreuung bespricht gerne mit Ihnen wie Ihre Stücke sicher zu uns gelangen können. • Ihre Einlieferung wird Ihnen sofort nach der Übernahme quittiert. Spätestens 5 Wochen vor der Auktion erhalten Sie eine Auflistung Ihrer Stücke inkl. Katalognummern und Schätzpreisen. • Unmittelbar nach der Auktion erhalten Sie die Ergebnisliste und können dann alle erzielten Preise feststellen. Den Auktionserlös erhalten Sie innerhalb von 45 Tagen nach der Auktion.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Important facts for a written participation in the auction • Please send us your instructions as early as possible. The likelihood of errors occurring increases if we receive your instructions only shortly before the auction. The enclosed form should make it simple for you to submit a written bid, you may send your bids by mail, fax or e-mail. • If you are a new customer who has not yet purchased from us, we do request references. Please name a coin dealer with whom you have already done business. • The genuineness of all objects sold is warranted beyond the statutory length of time.

ENGLISH

Do you wish to participate by telephone? You are welcome to participate in our auction by telephone. We are glad to call you during the auction and to assist you in bidding for your items. Please take notice of the following conditions: • Telephone bidding is accepted exclusively on lot numbers with estimates at 500 Euro or above. • Please inform us at least 48 hours in advance if you wish to register for telephone bidding, even for single lots. We do need 48 hours to schedule all incoming requests. • Please be available, when your lots will be sold. The time schedule in the catalogue will help you to estimate the approximate time when your items are going to be sold. • When you register for telephone bidding, we recommend to leave a written bid in addition. This bid will only be executed, should the telephone bidding be interrupted or not be achieved. • Please be aware that telephone bidding is a risky way of participation in our auction. We do not assume liability should the telephone line be interrupted or not be achieved. We advise you to attend the auction in person or to send written bids.

Nadine Zuber English, Deutsch

What occurs after the auction? • The shipment of all auction goods starts immediately after the completion of the entire auction week and it usually takes 8 days to be completed. • All auction results are available on our website one day after the end of the auction week. • All clients who submitted bids for the auction will automatically receive the list of auction results free of charge within two weeks after the end of auction.

Do you wish to consign your coins to our auction? Should you decide to sell your coins, we are ready to assist you. Since 1985 we have earned our bona fides in conducting over 4 auctions and in publishing 15 catalogues per year. In the following you will find the most important information on consigning: • We guarantee the professional handling of your consignment following the latest numismatic level of expertise including its presentation in colour catalogues of outstanding quality. • We possess one of the best customer lists worldwide. On average we sell more than 95 % of all items in our auction, and it is not unusual for us to achieve record hammer prices for lots submitted. Unsold items incur no fees. • Once the coins are consigned they are covered by our insurance at double the estimate. Upon consultation with our customer service we try to advise you on the safest way of shipping for your coins. • Your delivery will be confirmed in writing immediately on receipt. At least five weeks before the auction, you will receive an exact list of your objects with the relevant catalogue numbers and descriptions. • Within a week of the end of auction, you will receive a list of auction results in order to see what prices were reached for each individual lot. As a consignor, you will receive the auction proceeds within 45 days after the end of auction.

Marion Künker English, Deutsch

Phone: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Website: www.kuenker.com Monday –Thursday 8.30 AM – 5 PM Friday 8 AM – 3.30 PM

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Votre participation par écrit – Les points essentiels

FRANCAIS

• Veuillez nous faire parvenir vos ordres le plus tôt possible. Si vos ordres nous parviennent juste avant la vente aux enchères, des erreurs risquent d’être commises lors de leur traitement. Le formulaire ci-joint vous aidera à rédiger facilement votre offre. Vous pouvez nous envoyer vos ordres par la poste, par fax ou par e-mail. • Si vous n’avez encore fait aucune acquisition chez nous, nous vous prions de nous indiquer une ou deux références d’autres maisons numismatiques où vous avez déjà acheté. • L’authenticité des pièces vendues est garantie même au-delà des délais légaux.

Vous voulez participer par téléphone? La participation par téléphone est bien sûr possible. Nous vous appelons volontiers pour vous aider à acquérir les pièces voulues. Pour des raisons d´organisation veuillez noter les points suivants:

Alexandra Elflein, M. A. Français, Deutsch, English, Italiano

• La participation par téléphone est possible seulement pour les lots estimé à plus de 500 Euros chacun. • Veuillez nous informer au moins 48 heures avant la vente de la liste des pièces pour lesquelles vous voudriez être appelé. • Veuillez prendre soin d´être joignable quand vos pièces seront mises en vente. L’ordre de vente dans ce catalogue vous aidera à estimer l´heure de la vente. • Vue les risques de la participation téléphonique, nous vous recommandons néanmoins d’indiquer une limite maximale pour chaque lot, pour que nous puissions enchérir pour vous, même si la communication téléphonique serait interrompue ou ne pourrait pas être établie. • La participation par téléphone présente des risques, et nous déclinons toute responsabilité dans le cas où la communication téléphonique serait interrompue, ou bien ne pourrait être établie.

Ce qui se passe après la vente Kmar Chachoua Français, Deutsch, English, Arabic

Tél. +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Facs. +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Site: www.kuenker.de Lundi à Jeudi de 8h30 à 17h00 Vendredi de 8h00 à 15h30

• L´expédition des biens va commencer immédiatement après la fin de la vente complète, et prend généralement 8 jours. • Tous les clients qui ont participé à l’une de nos ventes aux enchères recevront gratuitement une liste de résultats dans les deux semaines qui suivent. • Les résultats seront disponibles sur notre site internet, au plus tard un jour après la fin de la vente.

Vous voulez confier vos monnaies pour nos ventes aux enchères? Contactez nous si vous envisagez de vendre vos pièces. Notre compétence et fiabilité est prouvée depuis 1985 par actuellement 4 ventes aux enchères et environ 15 catalogues par an. Le plus important pour vous est que: • Vos pièces seront décrites par notre équipe d’experts selon les standards numismatiques les plus récents, et elles seront présentées dans des catalogues de haute qualité en couleurs. • Nous avons un des meilleurs fichiers-clientèle du monde avec plus de 10.000 clients. Nous vendons en moyenne plus de 95% de la vente aux enchères, et obtenons souvent des prix records. Les monnaies invendues n’encourent aucun frais. • Notre service clientèle est disponible pour vous conseiller pour l’envoi de vos pièces, et dès leur réception vos pièces seront assurées pour le double de la valeur d´estimation. • Vous recevrez une liste détaillée des pièces fournies au moment de la prise en charge puis, au plus tard cinq semaines avant la vente aux enchères, vous recevrez leur liste exacte avec les numéros de catalogue correspondants. • Immédiatement après la vente aux enchères, vous recevrez la liste des résultats et pourrez prendre connaissance des prix obtenus. Vous recevrez le produit de la vente dans les 45 jours après les enchères.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

I punti piú importanti per la Sua partecipazione per iscritto • La preghiamo di farci pervenire i Suoi ordini al piú presto possibile. Se i Suoi ordini ci arrivano poco prima dellínizio dellásta possono verificarsi errori. Il formulario allegato Le faciliterá línvio dei Suoi ordini per iscritto. Ci puó far pervenire i Suoi ordini per posta, per fax o per email. • Se non ha mai acquistato presso di noi, La preghiamo di volerci indicare a titolo di referenza il nome di uno o due commercianti numismatici presso i quali è giá cliente. • L’autenticità di tutti gli oggetti venduti viene garantita anche oltre i termini previsti dalla legge.

ITALIANO

Desidera partecipare telefonicamente alla nostra asta? La partecipazione telefonica è naturalmente da noi possibile. La chiameremo durante lásta e La assisteremo volentieri per ottenere lággiudicazione dei pezzi desiderati. Per motivi di organizzazione La preghiamo di voler tenere conto dei seguenti punti: • La partecipazione telefonica è possibile solo per lotti stimati con almeno 500,– € lúno. • La preghiamo di volerci comunicare almeno 48 ore prima dellínizio dellásta per quali pezzi desidera essere chiamato. • La preghiamo di aver cura di essere raggiungibile telefonicamente al momento in cui vengono messi allásta i pezzi che Le interessano. Lo schema orario in catalogo La aiuterá a stimare a che ora verranno messi allásta i pezzi che Le interessano. • Consigliamo di indicare sempre assieme alla richiesta di partecipazione telefonica anche un´ importo massimo, per permetterci di fare per Lei lófferta anche nel caso in cui la telefonata non fosse possibile. • La partecipazione telefonica è un modo incerto di partecipare alle aste. Non assumiamo nessuna responsabilità se per esempio la linea telefonica è occupata o interrotta o se Lei non sará raggiungibile per altri motivi.

Sonia Russo, M. A. Italiano, Deutsch, English, Español

Cosa succede dopo lásta? • La spedizione del materiale dásta comincia subito dopo la fine dellíntera asta e termina normalmente entro 8 giorni. • Tutti i clienti che hanno partecipato allásta ricevono entro 2 settimane dopo lásta la lista dei prezzi di realizzo. • I prezzi di realizzo sono visionabili sul nostro sito internet al piú tardi un giorno dopo la fine dellíntera asta.

Vuole consegnarci le Sue monete per una nostra asta? Ci contatti se ha deciso di vendere le Sue monete. Dal 1985 la nostra competenza ed affidabilità è dimostrata da attualmente 4 aste e circa 15 cataloghi all´anno. Quali sono i punti di maggior importanza per Lei:

Cristina Welzel Italiano, Deutsch, English, Français

Tel.: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Internet: www.kuenker.de Lunedì a giovedì dalle 8.30 alle 17.00 Venerdì dalle 8.00 alle 15.30

• Le Sue monete vengono valutate dal nostro staff di esperti secondo i piú attuali standard numismatici e vengono presentati in cataloghi di alto valore a colori. • Con piú di 10.000 clienti disponiamo di una delle migliori banca dati clienti del mondo. In media vendiamo oltre il 95% del materiale dásta realizzando spesso prezzi da record. Per i pezzi invenduti non ci sono nessune spese da pagare. • Dal momento della consegna le Sue monete sono assicurate per il doppio del valore di stima. Il nostro servizio clientela Le consiglierá volentieri come farci avere le Sue monete nel modo piú sicuro. • La Sua consegna Le verrá immediatamente quietanzata al momento della resa dei pezzi. Al piú tardi 5 settimane prima dellásta riceverá una lista dettagliata dei Suoi pezzi con i numeri di catalogo ed i prezzi di stima. • Subito dopo lásta riceverá la lista con i risultati dásta dalla quale potrá subito controllare i prezzi realizzati. Riceverá límporto di realizzo entro 45 giorni dopo la fine dellásta.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Что особенно важно при заочном участии на аукционе? RUSSKIJ

• Тщательно изучите наш каталог и запишите те лоты, которые Вас заинтересовали. Заполните приложенный формуляр и отправьте нам его заранее по почте, факсу или электронной почте. Мы обращаем внимание на то, что если Ваши ставки придут перед самым началом аукциона либо во время аукциона, то существует вероятность допуска ошибки в процессе обработки заказа. • Если Вы впервые принимаете участие в нашем аукционе, то мы рекомендуем Вам указать Ваш референц – аукционные дома, с которыми Вы уже сотрудничали. Или свяжитесь с нами по телефону +49(0)541 9620268. • Подлинность купленных на нашем аукционе лотов гарантируется нами на протяжении неограниченного времени.

Вы хотели бы принять участие на аукционе по телефону? У нас, конечно, есть возможность организовать Ваше телефонное участие на торгах, но мы бы хотели обратить внимание на следующие пункты: Anastasija Koepsell Russkij, Deutsch

Dzmitry Nikulin Russkij, Deutsch, English

Телефон: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Факс: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de интернет: www.kuenker.de понедельник – четверг 8.30 – 17.00 пятница 8 – 15.30

• Участие в телефонных торгах возможно только для лотов со стартовой ценой свыше 500 евро. • Для участия в торгах по телефону просим Вас связаться с нами не позднее 48 часов до начала аукциона. • Мы хотим подчеркнуть, что телефонное участие на аукционе – не самый безопасный способ: в случае плохой связи, недоступности клиента во время торгов либо других технических проблем мы не несем ответственности. • Мы рекомендуем Вам при участии в торгах по телефону дополнительно сообщить нам о Вашем лимите на интересующие лоты в случае, если телефонная связь будет невозможна или по техническим причинам прервана.

Что происходит после окончания аукциона? • Результаты аукционов доступны на нашем сайте на следующий день после окончания торгов. • Вы можете лично забрать приобретенные лоты. По окончании торгов мы готовим все необходимые документы на вывоз из Евросоюза. • Почтовые отправки в Россию ( Беларусь, Украину ) осуществляются по предварительной договоренности. Для связи с нами звоните по телефону +49 (0)541 9620268.

Вы хотели бы выставить Ваши предметы на аукцион? Более 160-ти успешно проведенных аукционов, тысячи участников, 4 аукциона в год - эти и другие преимущества, которые говорят в пользу выставления Ваших коллекций на аукцион Кюнкер: • Ваши монеты будут оценены нашими экспертами по самым новым нумизматическим стандартам и представлены в высококачественном цветном каталоге. • Более 10000 клиентов со всего мира оказывают нам свое доверие. В среднем мы продаем более 95% всех выставляемых предметов, при этом зачастую достигая рекордных сумм. • Все Ваши предметы, после передачи их нам, хранятся у нас до начала аукциона застрахованными. Не позднее 5-ти недель до начала аукциона Вы получите по почте подробное описание Ваших лотов с указаннами номерами в каталоге, а также их оценочной стоимостью. • Результаты аукционов также будут высланы Вам по почте после окончания торгов. В течение 45 дней после аукциона Вам будет выплачено Ваше вознаграждение.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

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CHINESE

Ь ྲ᷌ᛘԕࡽӾᵚ৲о䗷ᡁԜⲴ᣽আˈ䈧ሶањоᛘᴹ䗷⭏᜿ᖰᶕⲴ䫡ᐱ ‫ޜ‬ਨ֌Ѫӻ㓽Ӫ੺⸕ᡁԜǄ Ь ᡁԜ᢯䈪ᡰᴹ᣽૱Ѫⵏ૱ˈণ֯䗷Ҷ⌅ᖻ䘭䇹ᵏǄ

ᛘᜣ䙊䗷⭥䈍ㄎ᣽ੇ˛ ᛘᖃ❦ҏਟԕ৲࣐⭥䈍ㄎԧǄᡁԜՊ൘᣽আ䘋㹼ᰦ㠤⭥㔉ᛘˈᒦॿࣙᛘ᣽ᗇ ᣽૱ǄᡁԜ䈧ᛘ⌘᜿ԕлࠐ⛩˖ Ь ⭥䈍ㄎԧਚ䪸ሩՠԧѪ ⅗‫ݳ‬ԕкⲴ᣽૱Ǆ Ь 䈧൘㠣ቁ᣽আ ሿᰦࡽ੺⸕ᡁԜᛘ㾱⭥䈍ㄎԧⲴ᣽૱Ǆ Ь 䈧ᛘ⌘᜿ˈ൘ᛘⲴ᣽૱䘋㹼ㄎ᣽ᰦˈᡁԜ㜭ཏоᛘ㚄㌫кǄ᣽আⴞᖅѝ ᡰ䱴Ⲵᰦ䰤㺘㜭ᑞࣙᛘ᧘⍻ᛘⲴ᣽૱ㄎ᣽ᰦ䰤Ǆ Ь ྲ᷌ᡁԜн㜭оᛘ㚄㌫кˈᡁԜՊԕᛘⲴ਽ѹࠪԧࡠᛘҖ䶒ㄎԧⲴᴰ儈 ԧˈᴰվнվҾᡁԜⲴ䎧᣽ԧǄ

Michael Otto Deutsch, English

Ь /䈧ᛘ⌘᜿ˈ⭥䈍ㄎԧᱟа⿽н‫؍‬䲙Ⲵ৲᣽ᯩᔿǄᡁԜᒦн㜭‫؍‬䇱⭥䈍㓯䐟Ⲵ⭵䙊ᰐ䱫Ǆྲ᷌ᛘᜣ⺞‫؍‬৲᣽ˈ䈧ӢѤ⧠൪ᡆҖ䶒ㄎԧǄ

᣽আ୞ਾᴽ࣑ Ь ൘᣽আ㔃ᶏਾᡁԜሶ・ণᔰ࿻ᇴࠪ᣽૱ˈ䙊ᑨ䴰㾱 њᐕ֌ᰕǄ Ь ᡰᴹ৲࣐Җ䶒ㄎԧⲴ亮ᇒˈሶ൘᣽আ㔃ᶏⲴ ઘ޵‫ݽ‬䍩᭦ࡠᡁԜⲴ᣽૱ᡀ ӔԧⴞঅǄ

Phone: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Website: www.kuenker.com Monday –Thursday 8.30 AM – 5 PM Friday 8 AM – 3.30 PM

Ь ᡰᴹ᣽૱ᡀӔԧⴞঅᴰᲊ൘᣽আ㔃ᶏаཙਾⲫ䖭൘ᡁԜⲴѫ亥кǄ

ᛘᜣ䘱᣽ᛘᡰ᭦㯿Ⲵ䫡ᐱࡠᡁԜⲴ᣽আՊ˛ ྲ᷌ᛘᜣࠪ୞ᛘⲴ䫡ᐱˈ䈧㚄㌫ᡁԜඔᇒ᣽আ‫ޜ‬ਨǄ㠚 ᒤᡁԜቡ䙊䗷а ᒤഋ᣽઼བྷ㓖⇿ᒤ ᵜ᣽আⴞᖅᶕ䇱᰾ҶᡁԜⲴуъᢰ㜭઼ਟؑᓖǄ䈧䗷ⴞ ԕлⲴ䟽㾱ؑ᚟˖ Ь ᛘⲴ䫡ᐱሶ⭡ᡁԜⲴуᇦ䙊䗷ᴰᯠᐱ䇶ḷ߶ᶕ䢤ᇊᒦ࠺ⲫࡠ儈૱䍘Ⲵᖙ 㢢ⴞᖅкǄ Ь ᡁԜᤕᴹ‫⨳ޘ‬䎵䗷 њ亮ᇒˈᒣ൷൘⇿൪᣽আՊкᴹ Ⲵ᣽૱ᡀ Ӕˈᒦཊ⅑ࡋ䙐ҶᯠⲴᡀӔ䇠ᖅǄሩҾ⋑ᴹᡀӔⲴ᣽૱ᡁԜн᭦ਆԫօ 䍩⭘Ǆ Ь ӾᡁԜ᭦ࡠᛘⲴ䫡ᐱᔰ࿻ˈ᣽૱Պԕৼ‫ؽ‬䎧᣽ԧ‫؍‬䲙ˈᡁԜⲴᇒᡧᴽ࣑ ᖸᝯ᜿Ѫᛘ䀓䈤ᛘⲴ䫡ᐱྲօ㜭ᆹ‫Ⲵޘ‬䙂ӔҾᡁԜǄ Ь ᡁԜ൘᭦ࡠᛘⲴ䫡ᐱਾՊ・ণ㔉ᛘᔰާҖ䶒᭦ᦞˈᴰᲊ㠣᣽আᔰ࿻ࡽ ᱏ ᵏᛘՊ᭦ࡠᡰ䘱᣽૱᰾㓶␵অ৺ަⴞᖅਧ઼䎧᣽ԧǄ Ь ᣽আ㔃ᶏਾᛘՊ᭦ࡠᡀӔԧⴞᖅঅᒦӾѝ⺞䇔ᛘⲴ䘱Ӕ᣽૱ᡀӔԧǄ ཙਾᛘՊ᭦ࡠᛘⲴ᣽૱᣽আᡰᗇⅮ亩Ǆ

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

INHALT AUKTION 247 Nr. 500 JAHRE GESCHICHTE UND KUNST IM SPIEGEL DER MEDAILLE DIE SAMMLUNG GEORG BAUMS U. A. Goldmedaillen europäischer Staaten Dänemark Frankreich Griechenland Großbritannien Italien Kirchenstaat und Vatikan Jugoslawien Norwegen Polen Rußland Schweden Schweiz Tschechien Türkei Goldmedaillen aus Übersee Brasilien Iran Israel Mexiko Peru Goldmedaillen der Habsburgischen Erblande und Österreichs Römisch-Deutsches Reich Kaiserreich Österreich Wien, Stadt Deutsche Goldmedaillen Augsburg Bayern Brandenburg-Preußen Braunschweig und Lüneburg Breslau Emden Frankfurt Hamburg Münster Pfalz Sachsen Schlesien Speyer Thurn und Taxis Wuppertal

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5080 5059 5061 5064 5066 5067 5068 5069 5071 5072 5073 5075 5076 5077 5079 5080

64 54 56 57 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 63 63 64 64

Nr. Goldmedaillen der Weimarer Republik

5081

Eine Goldmedaille des Dritten Reiches Goldmedaillen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

5090

Eine olympische Siegermedaille Europäische Medaillen aus Silber und Bronze Baltikum Dänemark Frankreich Griechenland Großbritannien Italien Kirchenstaat und Vatikan Liechtenstein Luxemburg Niederlande Norwegen Polen Portugal Rumänien Rußland Schweden Schweiz Spanien Türkei Ungarn Medaillen aus Übersee in Silber und Bronze Ägypten Äthiopien Argentinien Bolivien Chile China Indien Indonesien Japan Kambodscha Kanada Kongo Kuba Malaysia Marokko Mexiko Peru Südafrika Thailand

5094

5095 5111 5224 5227 5299 5333

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245 69 75 111 112 135 148 156 157 157 182 184 193 195 197 212 234 239 242 244 245 270 246 247 248 249 250 250 251 251 255 255 256 256 257 258 258 260 261 262 262 13

Nr. Trinidad und Tobago Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika (USA) Vietnam Medaillen der Habsburgischen Erblande und Österreichs in Silber und Bronze Das Römisch-Deutsche Reich Das Kaiserreich Österreich Die Stadt Wien Die Geistlichkeit in den Habsburgischen Erblanden Die österreichischen Standesherren Deutsche Medaillen in Silber und Bronze Anhalt Augsburg Baden Bamberg Bayern Brandenburg in Franken Brandenburg-Preußen Braunschweig und Lüneburg Breisach Breslau Dortmund Dresden Düsseldorf Eckernförde Emden Frankfurt Fulda Göttingen Hamburg Hanau Helgoland Hessen Hildesheim Höchstädt Isenburg Jülich-Kleve-Berg Karlsruhe Köln Konstanz Leipzig Lübeck Mainz Mecklenburg Moers Münster Naumburg Nürnberg 14

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5741 5825

310 342

5839

347

5848

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5858 5860

355

5880 5889

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5893

367

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5903 5905

370 371

5909 5912

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5918

6004 5709 5720 5723 5724 5739 5740 5824 5837 5838 5842 5843 5844 5845 5846 5847 5856 5857 5859 5877 5878 5879 5888 5890 5891 5892 5897 5898 5900 5901 5902 5904 5907 5908 5911 5916 5917 5923

376

408 296 299 301 301 309 309 341 346 347 348 349 349 349 350 350 353 353 354 361 361 361 365 365 366 366 368 369 369 370 370 371 372 372 373 375 376 378

Nr. Papenburg Pfalz Pommern Ratzeburg Regensburg Sachsen, sächsische Herzogtümer Schaumburg-Lippe Schlesien Schleswig-Holstein Schwelm Solms Stade Stralsund Thurn und Taxis Ulm Wallenstein Wesel Westphalen Württemberg Würzburg

5925

5933

5982 5986

5991

5994 5996

6000

Medaillen der deutschen Kolonien Lüderitzland (Angra Pequena) Deutsches Expeditionskorps in China Kiautschou Deutsch-Ostafrika Reichskolonialbund

6005 6005

6008

Die Zeit des Ersten Weltkrieges

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Die Zeit der Weimarer Republik

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Die Zeit des Dritten Reiches und des Zweiten Weltkrieges

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400

404

409

6038

411

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6074

419

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Die Deutsche Demokratische Republik

6012 6006 6007 6010 6011 6012

6075

Medaillen auf deutsche und europäische Persönlichkeiten

6076

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Miscellanea

6089

6090

411 409 409 410 411 411

426 426

431 432

Anhang Stichwortverzeichnis/Index siehe Auktionskatalog 245 Specials

433

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Verzeichnis der Medailleure

450

Liste der vollbesteuerten Stücke

454 455

Leitfaden zur erfolgreichen schriftlichen Auktionsteilnahme/ Важная информация об участии на аукционе

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Versteigerungsbedingungen/Terms and Conditions of Auction

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Numismatische Ausdrücke/Numismatic Terms

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Impressum/Bankverbindungen

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)'14) $#7/5 21464 6 '+0'5 5#//.'45

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www.medaillenkunst.de, MenĂźpunkt Unter uns . Jochen KlauĂ&#x;: Die Medaillensammlung Goethes (Die Kunstmedaille in Deutschland, 13 I. und II.). Hrsg. Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂźr Medaillenkunst und Stiftung Weimarer Klassik. Berlin 2000 3 KlauĂ&#x;: ebenda, Kat.-Nr. 1468. Ă&#x153;ber den Medailleur Loos und sein Atelier: Klaus Sommer: Die Medaillen des KĂśniglich-Preussischen Hof-Medailleurs Daniel Friedrich Loos und seines Ateliers. OsnabrĂźck 1981, Kat.-Nr. A 115. 4 Das Goethe-WĂśrterbuch im Internet. Kompetenzzentrum fĂźr elektronische ErschlieĂ&#x;ungs- und Publikationsverfahren in den Geisteswissenschaften. 4, 132. 5 Vgl. u. a. W. Steguweit: EuropĂ¤ische Medaillenkunst von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart. Berlin 1995. 6 Hermann MauĂŠ: Sebastian Dadler 1586-1657. Medaillen im DreiĂ&#x;igjĂ¤hrigen Krieg. Verlag des Germanischen Nationalmuseums. NĂźrnberg 2008, Kat.-Nr. 28. 7 Zitiert nach KlauĂ&#x;, Band 13 I, S. 9. 2

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ŋOQFGTPŌ XCTKCPV PQVYKVJUVCPFKPI KP VJG DTQCF CTGPC QH VJG XKUWCN CTVU #PF DGECWUG VJCV KU VJG ECUG PWOKUOCVKEU DTQWIJV DGIKPPKPI YGNN DGHQTG )QGVJGŉU VKOG CPF UVKNN TGRGCVGFN[ DTKPIU CVVGPVKQP VQ VJG KNNWUVTKQWU PCOGU QH EQNNGEVQTU CPF EQNNGEVKQPU # EQNNGEVKQP YJKEJ YCU WR VQ PQY CUUGODNGF HCKTN[ SWKGVN[ KU CV RTGUGPV CUUQEKCVGF YKVJ VJG PCOG )GQTI $CWOU #U C EQPPQKUUGWT QH OGFCNU JG JCU HQT [GCTU DGGP RCTVKEWNCTN[ KPVGTGUVGF KP UWEJ TGNKGH FKUEU YJKEJ KP CFFKVKQP VQ VJGKT JKIJ CTVKUVKE SWCNKV[ VGNN UVQTKGU QH GXGPVU CPF RGTUQPCNKVKGU *KU EQNNGEVKQP EQPVCKPU CTQWPF TGNKGH OGFCNU ņ GODQUUGF UWTHCEGU CU YGNN CU JKIJ TGNKGH ECUVKPIU ņ QP JKUVQTKECNN[ UKIPKHKECPV VJGOGU HTQO VJG 4GPCKUUCPEG QP KPVQ VJG VJ EGPVWT[ #P GZGORNCT[ DCTQSWG OGFCN KU RTGUGPVGF

+OCIG $CWOU %QNNGEVKQP 0Q

+V KU C HKPG UKNXGT RKGEG ETGCVGF D[ VJG OQUV KORQTVCPV )GTOCP OGFCNNKUV HTQO VJG VKOG QH VJG 6JKTV[ ;GCTUŉ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ŉU JGNR DTKPIU XKEVQT[ VQ VJG JCTF RTGUUGF + DGECOG CESWCKPVGF YKVJ )GQTI $CWOU VYQ [GCTU CIQ CPF YCU CDNG VQ CYCMG JKU GPVJWUKCUO HQT VJG IQCNU QH VJG /GFCN 5QEKGV[ 5QQP VJGTGCHVGT JG FGEKFGF PQV VQ CDLWTG JKU KPVGTGUV KP OGFCN CTV IGPGTCNN[ DWV VQ UGRCTCVG HTQO JKU JKUVQTKECN OGFCNU KP HCXQT QH PGY KPURKTCVKQPU KP EQNNGEVKPI 9G YKNN YCVEJ YKVJ KPVGTGUV 0QY OGFCN GPVJWUKCUVU O[ TGCF CPF RGTWUG VJG ECVCNQIWG YKVJ KVU YGCNVJ QH EQPVGPV XGT[ OWEJ CU )QGVJG YQWNF JCXG YKUJGF YJQ KP OCFG C HWTVJGT TGEQOOGPFCVKQP VQ VJG 5VCVG %JCPEGNNQT QH VJG )TCPF &WEJ[ QH 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT (TKGFTKEJ XQP /ÒNNGT CPF VJWU CNUQ VQ WU JKU OQFGTP TGCFGTU # RGTUQP YKNN QPN[ CFQRV CP[ YQTVJ[ JCDKV YJCVUQGXGT KH KV KU QPG YKVJ YJKEJ JG ECP KPETGCUG JKU GPLQ[OGPV QP DTKIJV FC[U CPF OCKPVCKP VJCV GPLQ[OGPV QP ENQWF[ FC[U (QT GZCORNG JG ECP DGEQOG CEEWUVQOGF VQ TGCFKPI VJG $KDNG QT *QOGT FCKN[ QT VQ RGTWUKPI /'&#.5 QT DGCWVKHWN RKEVWTGU QT NKUVGPKPI VQ IQQF OWUKE )QGVJG YQWNF JCXG EGTVCKPN[ HQWPF KP EQNNGEVKQPU ņ UWEJ CU VJCV QH )GQTI $CWOU ņ UVKOWNCVKPI KPUKIJVU QP JKUVQTKECN UWDLGEVU CPF QRRQTVWPKVKGU VQ GZRCPF VJG UEQRG QH JKU RQTVTCKV DCUGF EQNNGEVKQP #PF JKU NKVGTCT[ HTKGPF (TKGFTKEJ 5EJKNNGT YKVJ JKU FGXQVKQP VQ WPKXGTUCN JKUVQT[ OKIJV JCXG HQWPF KP OGFCNU C PGY RCUUKQP 6QFC[ CP[ QPG QH WU YJQ KU KPVGTGUVGF KP CTV CPF JKUVQT[ ECP FQ LWUV VJCV CPF UJQWNF PQV JGUKVCVG #V VJG CIG QH [QWPI ,QJCPP 9QNHICPI )QGVJG YCU CNTGCF[ VQ DG HQWPF KP 4QOG HCUEKPCVGF D[ 4QOCP TGNKEU CPF CPEKGPV EQKPU .CVGT JG ECOG 24

VQ MPQY C ITGCV FGCN CDQWV OGFCNU 6JG[ EQPVKPWGF VQ CEEQORCP[ JKO CP QUEKNNCVKPI OGFKWO DGVYGGP VJG RNCPG CPF VJG DQF[ DGVYGGP VJG UGEQPF CPF VJG VJKTF FKOGPUKQP CPF JG CXQYGF WPTGUGTXGFN[ EQTTGEVN[ SWQVGF PQY KP ENQUKPI 6Q GXGT[ RCUUKQP DGNQPIU C EQNNGEVKQP 9QNHICPI 5VGIWYGKV *QPQTCT[ %JCKTRGTUQP )GTOCP 5QEKGV[ HQT /GFCN #TV

YYY OGFCKNNGPMWPUV FG /GPW KVGO 7PVGT WPU -NCW KDKF ECV 0Q ªDGT FGP /GFCKNNGWT .QQU WPF UGKP #VGNKGT -NCWU 5QOOGT &KG /GFCKNNGP FGU -ÌPKINKEJ 2TGWUUKUEJGP *QH /GFCKNNGWTU &CPKGN (TKGFTKEJ .QQU WPF UGKPGU #VGNKGTU 1UPCDTÒEM ECV 0Q # &CU )QGVJG 9ÌTVGTDWEJ KO +PVGTPGV -QORGVGP\\GPVTWO HÒT GNGMVTQPKUEJG 'TUEJNKGWPIU WPF 2WDNKMCVKQPUXGTHCJTGP KP FGP )GKUVGUYKUUGPUEJCHVGP EH K C 9 5VGIWYGKV 'WTQR·KUEJG /GFCKNNGPMWPUV XQP FGT 4GPCKUUCPEG DKU \WT )GIGPYCTV $GTNKP *GTOCPP /CW¾ 5GDCUVKCP &CFNGT /GFCKNNGP KO &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGI 8GTNCI FGU )GTOCPKUEJGP 0CVKQPCNOWUGWOU 0ÒTPDGTI -CV 0T 3WQVGF CEEQTFKPI VQ -NCW 8QN + R

HIGHLIGHTS

5936

HIGHLIGHTS

5725

HIGHLIGHTS

5009

5028

5027

5033

5010

5039

HIGHLIGHTS

5060

5055

5062

5072

5075

5068

5048

HIGHLIGHTS

5245

5232

5115

5433

5268

HIGHLIGHTS

5151

5377

5464

5377

5463

5470

HIGHLIGHTS

5933

5976

5949

6004

HIGHLIGHTS

5656

5721

5647

5475

5700

5745

FRANKREICH

,#*4' )'5%*+%*6' 70& -7056 +/ 52+')'. &'4 /'&#+..' &+' 5#//.70) )'14) $#7/5 7 #

)1.&/'&#+..'0 '7412 +5%*'4 56##6'0

5001

& 0'/#4- &#5 -¤0+)4'+%* & 0'/#4-

(TGFGTKM 8 )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP 2 %JT 9KPUNQY CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU *CWUGU 1NFGPDWTI (4+&'4+%75 8 & Ü ) Ü 4': &#0 Ü 014 Ü 8#0 Ü )16 Ü $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUDCPF FCTWPVGT FKG 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTUKIPCVWT 2 Ü % Ü 9 Ü 2GVGT %JTKUVKCP 9KPUNQY 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT KP -QRGPJCIGP 2QNCTUVGTP ÒDGT GKPGO #DUEJPKVV FGU 'TFDCNNGU OKV FGP 7OTKUUGP XQP &·PGOCTM WPF 0QTYGIGP QDGP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 1%%+&'4' 0'5%+# WPVGP KO #DUEJPKVV &1/75 1.&'0$74)+%# 2'4 64+# 5'%7.# +0 5'26'064+10' 4')0#64+: Ü Ü i OO I )CNUVGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KP\ -TCV\GT WPF MN (GJNGT CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG OKV FGO 2QTVT·V FGT F·PKUEJGP 2TKP\GUUKP &CIOCT CNU <CTKP /CTKC (GQFQTQYPC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5002 1,5:1

(4#0-4'+%*

1,5:1

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* (4#0-4'+%*

.QWKU :+8 -NGKPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP , 4QWUUGN CWH /CTKC #FGNCKFG XQP 5CXQ[GP

Ó *GT\QIKP XQP $WTIWPF )GOCJNKP UGKPGU 'PMGNU FGU &CWRJKPU .QWKU XQP $QWTDQP

Ó $TWUVDKNF FGT *GT\QIKP T OKV WOIGNGIVGT 2GTNGPMGVVG 'KP 5RKGIGN FGT FKG 5QPPG TGHNGMVKGTV OO I (GWCTFGPV XCT FQTV PWT KP 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G 7 FK 5 p 44 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T /CTKC #FGNCKFG 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU 8KVVQTKQ #OCFGQ ++ XQP 5CXQ[GP TGI WPF FGUUGP )GOCJNKP #PPC /CTKC F 1TN¾CPU YWTFG CO &G\GODGT KP 6WTKP IGDQTGP 5KG JGKTCVGVG CO &G\GODGT .QWKU XQP $QWTDQP FGP 'PMGN XQP -ÌPKI .QWKU :+8 0CEJFGO FGUUGP 8CVGT IGUVQTDGP YCT YWTFG KJT )GOCJN &CWRJKP XQP (TCPMTGKEJ 0CEJ PWT GKPGO ,CJT UVCTDGP MWT\ JKPVGTGKPCPFGT CO (GDTWCT /CTKC #FGNCKFG WPF CO /·T\ FGT &CWRJKP 0CEJHQNIGT FGU 5QPPGPMÌPKIU YWTFG CNU .QWKU :8 FGT CO (GDTWCT IGDQTGPG 5QJP XQP /CTKC #FGNCKFG WPF 7TGPMGN XQP .QWKU :+8

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG GPINKUEJG 'KPPCJOG XQP .KNNG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG #WHPCJOG FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2T·NCVGP KO -KTEJGPUVCCV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

FRANKREICH

5003

1,5:1

&#5 -#+5'467/ 0#21.'105

0CRQN¾QP + )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP #0 :+++ XQP $ #PFTKGW CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 'KP TÌOKUEJGT 5GPCVQT WPF GKP 5QNFCV VTCIGP FGP -CKUGT CWH GKPGO 5EJKNF N CWHIGUEJNCIGPGU $WEJ T 2HNWIUEJCT OO I 5NI ,WNKWU FQTV KP 5KNDGT <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ #O #RTKN DTCEJVG %WT¾G GKP GJGOCNKIGT -ÌPKIUOÌTFGT FGP 8QTUEJNCI GKP $QPCRCTVG \WO -CKUGT FGT 4GRWDNKM CWU\WTWHGP WPF FKG -CKUGTYÒTFG KP UGKPGT (COKNKG HÒT GTDNKEJ \W GTMN·TGP 0WT %CTPQV YKFGTUGV\VG UKEJ FKGUGO 8QTUEJNCI FGT PWPOGJT CP FGP 5GPCV YGKVGTIGNGKVGV YWTFG &KGUGT HCVG FGP 5GPCVUDGUEJNW CO /CK &KG 4GIKGTWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM YKTF GKPGO -CKUGT CPXGTVTCWV FGT FGP 6KVGN -CKUGT FGT (TCP\QUGP VT·IV =ő? 0CRQN¾QP $QPCRCTVG FGT\GKV GTUVGT -QPUWN FGT 4GRWDNKM KUV -CKUGT FGT (TCP\QUGP /KV FGO -CKUGTVKVGN XGTOKGF OCP FGP 6KVGN GKPGU -ÌPKIU FGP FGT MÒPHVKIG /QPCTEJ PCEJ \GJP ,CJTGP 4GXQNWVKQP UEJYGTNKEJ J·VVG VTCIGP MÌPPGP

4QIGT &WHTCKUUG 0CRQNGQP 4GXQNWVKQP·T WPF /QPCTEJ 'KPG $KQITCHKG

5004

2:1

)QNFGPG /KPKCVWTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF # )CNNG CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV 'T\JGT\QIKP /CTKG .QWKUG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU -CKUGTU (TCP\ + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ CO #RTKN KP 2CTKU $ÒUVGP FGU $TCWVRCCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT T &CU $TCWVRCCT UVGJV PGDGP GKPGO DTGPPGPFGP #NVCT WPF TGKEJV UKEJ FKG *CPF OO I 5NI ,WNKWU FQTV KP 5KNDGT <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G (GNFGT OKP IGIN·VVGV UGJT UEJÌP /CTKG .QWKUG FKG ·NVGUVG 6QEJVGT XQP -CKUGT (TCP\ + YWTFG IGIGP KJTGP 9WPUEJ OKV 0CRQN¾QP PCEJ FGUUGP 6TGPPWPI XQP ,QUGRJKPG XGTO·JNV #O /·T\ HCPF GKPG (GTPVTCWWPI \YKUEJGP FGT FCOCNU L·JTKIGP 'T\JGT\QIKP WPF FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CKUGT UVCVV CWU FKGUGO #PNC YWTFG FGT NCPIL·JTKIG )GH·JTVG WPF GPIG 8GTVTCWVG 0CRQN¾QPU #NGZCPFTG $GTVJKGT PCEJ 9KGP IGUCPFV WO FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CKUGT Y·JTGPF FGT <GTGOQPKG \W XGTVTGVGP &KG QHHK\KGNNG *QEJ\GKV XQP 0CRQN¾QP WPF /CTKG .QWKUG HCPF CO #RTKN KP 2CTKU UVCVV

5005

&+' 4'56#74#6+10 &'5 -¤0+)4'+%*5 (4#0-4'+%*

.QWKU 2JKNKRRG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP ( &GRCWNKU CWH FKG 'TPGWGTWPI FGT MÌPKINKEJGP &TWEMGTGK -QRH N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FKG CWH FKG )GUEJKEJVG FGT &TWEMGTGK $G\WI PGJOGP OO I ,GJPG 5NI ,WNKWU p 44 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

GRIECHENLAND

5006

&+' &4+66' 4'27$.+-

4GRWDNKM )QNFOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP 1 4QV[ CWH ,QJCPPC XQP 1TN¾CPU ,GCPPG F #TE Ó ,QJCPPC UVGJV PCEJ N KP .CPFUEJCHV XQT KJT GKP .COO QDGP N GTUEJGKPV GKPG )GUVCNV CWU 9QNMGP WPF 5QPPG FKG KJT GKP 5EJYGTV FCTTGKEJV &KG *KPTKEJVWPI ,QJCPPCU ,QJCPPC KP (NCOOGP CP GKPGP 2HCJN IGHGUUGNV DNKEMV \W GKPGT 6CWDG GORQT /KV 4CPFRWP\G 14 OO I (QTTGT 8 #DD 5 9WT\DCEJ p 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

5007

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP ( 2 0KENCWUUG CWH FGP /CTUEJCNN KO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI (GTFKPCPF (QEJ

6CTDGU KO &¾RCTVGOGPV *CWVGU 2[T¾P¾GU Ó 2CTKU WPF FKG 2CTCFG FGT UKGITGKEJGP #TOGGP CO ,WNK CWH FGP %JCORU 'N[U¾GU KP 2CTKU IGYKFOGV XQP UGKPGP -COGTCFGP CWU UGKPGT /KNKV·TCWUDKNFWPI CP FGT 'EQNG 2QN[VGEJPKSWG KP 2CTKU 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU /CTUEJCNNU JCNDN (QEJ JQEJ \W 2HGTF PCEJ N KO *KPVGTITWPF UVTCJNGPFGT 6TKWORJDQIGP #TE FG 6TKQORJG CWH 9QNMGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G (ÒNNJQTP 14 OO I /CKGT p 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV YQJN 7PKMWO /CVVKGTV HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5008

1,5:1

5008

)4+'%*'0.#0& &#5 -¤0+)4'+%* )4+'%*'0.#0&

%QPUVCPVKP ++ )QNFOGFCKNNG Q , WO WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG GTUVGP 1N[ORKUEJGP 5QOOGTURKGNG KP #VJGP -QRH FGU <GWU X X N 0KMG (KIWT #PUKEJV FGT #MTQRQNKU N 5VGORGN ** OO I )CFQWT[ 8GUEQXK \W FQTV CPFGTGT &WTEJOGUUGT KP 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5009

)4155$4+6#00+'0 &#5 8'4'+0+)6' -¤0+)4'+%* )4155$4+6#00+'0

,COGU ++ 5CVKTKUEJG )QNFOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 4 #TQPFGCWZ CWH FKG .CPFWPI 9KNJGNOU +++ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP KP 6QTDC[ &'1 8+0 &+%' +756+6+# %1/+6' Ü 9KNJGNO +++ UVGJV PCEJ T OKV GTJQDGPGO 5EJYGTV FKG 5EJNCPIG FGT <YKGVTCEJV PKGFGTVTGVGPF WPF TGKEJV FGT XQT KJO UVGJGPFGP $TKVCPPKC FKG *CPF KO *KPVGTITWPF N HNKGJV FGT ,GUWKV 'FYCTF 8CVGT 2GVTG OKV FGO LWPIGP 2TKP\GP ,COGU CWH FGO #TO FGT GKPG 5RKGN\GWI 9KPFOÒJNG KP FGT *CPF J·NV %1064# +0(#06'/ 2'4&+6+10+5 Ü <CJNTGKEJG 6TWRRGP NCPFGP OKV KJTGP $QQVGP KO *CHGP KO #DUEJPKVV FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV ':2'&+6+1 0#7#.+5 241 .+$'46#6' #0).+ /&%.:::8+++ OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT 'KOGT X .QQP +++ 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (GKPG )QNFVÌPWPI YKP\ 5VGORGNDTWEJ XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FGU XQTNKGIGPFGP 5VÒEMGU FCTIGUVGNNVG ,GUWKV 'FYCTF 8CVGT 2GVTG YCT FGT $GKEJVXCVGT WPF GKP GPIGT 8GTVTCWVGT FGU -ÌPKIU ,COGU ++ FGT CWEJ CNU FGUUGP $GTCVGT HWPIKGTVG &KG 5RKGN\GWIYKPFOÒJNG KP FGT *CPF FGU LWPIGP ,COGU DG\KGJV UKEJ CWH FGP CNNIGOGKP XGTDTGKVGVGP )NCWDGP FC GT KP 9CJTJGKV FGT 5QJP GKPGU /ÒNNGTU YCT

5010

#PPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP , %TQMGT CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT <KVCFGNNG XQP .KNNG )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF N 8KMVQTKC UVGJV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV KP FGT 4GEJVGP 2CNO\YGKI OKV FGT .KPMGP J·NV UKG FCU 9CRRGP XQP .KNNG ÒDGT GKPGP #NVCT FGT OKV FGO 2NCP FGT 5VCFV WPF FGT <KVCFGNNG XQP .KNNG DGFGEMV KUV OO I 'KOGT 2QRGNMC FQTV KP 5KNDGT 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT )QNFVÌPWPI 0CEJ FGT 0KGFGTNCIG KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK #WFGPCTFG IGIGP FKG #NNKKGTVGP WPVGT 2TKP\ 'WIGP WPF FGO *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ \QIGP UKEJ FKG ªDGTTGUVG FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #TOGG \WTÒEM Y·JTGPF FKG FGWVUEJGP 8GTUV·TMWPIGP FKG DGK FGO 2TKP\GP 'WIGP GKPVTCHGP FKG $GNCIGTWPI FGT (GUVWPI .KNNG XQTDGTGKVGVGP 5KG DGICPP CO #WIWUV &KG 5VCFV YCT OKV IGPÒIGPF 8QTT·VGP HÒT GKPG $GNCIGTWPI XGTUGJGP WPF JCVVG GKPG $GUCV\WPI XQP EC /CPP WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ FGU /CTUEJCNNU FG $QWHNGTU &GT 5VWTO CWH FKG (GUVWPI DGICPP CO 5GRVGODGT 0CEJ GKPKIGT <GKV YWTFG KP .KNNG FKG /WPKVKQP TCT WPF OCP XGTUWEJVG KP FGT 0CEJV GKPKIG 4GKVGT OKV 2WNXGT KP FKG 5VCFV \W DTKPIGP YCU CDGT XQP FGP FGWVUEJGP 8QTRQUVGP HTÒJ\GKVKI DGOGTMV WPF XGTGKVGNV YWTFG 0CEJ GKPGO YGKVGTGP \YCT GTHQNINQUGP 5VWTO CO 1MVQDGT IGNCPI GU FGP $GNCIGTGTP FWTEJ GKPG JQJG #P\CJN XQP )GUEJÒV\GP FKG (GUVWPI \WT #WHICDG \W DGYGIGP /CTUEJCNN $QWHNGTU \QI UKEJ FCTCWHJKP OKV UGKPGP 6TWRRGP KP FKG <KVCFGNNG \WTÒEM &GT 5VWTO CWH FKG <KVCFGNNG DGICPP CO 0QXGODGT WPF GPVYKEMGNVG UKEJ \W GKPGO GZVTGO DNWVKIGP -CORH FGP $QWHNGTU UEJNKGNKEJ XGTNQT ,GFQEJ YWTFG KJO WPF UGKPGP 6TWRRGP CWHITWPF UGKPGT DGYWPFGTPUYGTVGP WPF JGNFGPJCHVGP 8GTVGKFKIWPI XQP FGP #NNKKGTVGP IGPGJOKIV KP CNNGP -TKGIUGJTGP CD\W\KGJGP

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5011

1,5:1

)GQTIG ++ )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP , * 9QNHH CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI FGT FWTEJ FKG ,CMQDKVGP DGUGV\VGP 5VCFV %CTNKUNG FWTEJ UGKPGP 5QJP 9KNJGNO #WIWUV *GT\QI XQP %WODGTNCPF

Ó )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF 9KNJGNO #WIWUVU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF &GT *GT\QI CNU CPVKMGT -TKGIGT OKV IG\QIGPGO 5EJYGTV WPF GKPGO 5EJKNF OKV FGO 2QTVT·V XQP )GQTIG ++ M·ORHV IGIGP FKG UKGDGPMÌRHKIG *[FTC KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV OO I $TQEMOCPP FQTV KP 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G 'KOGT 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5012

)GQTIG +8 )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP $ 2KUVTWEEK CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI CO ,WNK $ÒUVG N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &GT -ÌPKI VJTQPV PCEJ N WPF YKTF XQP FGT JKPVGT KJO UVGJGPFGP 8KMVQTKC IGMTÌPV XQT KJO UVGJGP FKG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP XQP 'PINCPF +TNCPF WPF 5EJQVVNCPF WPF UEJYÌTGP CP DTGPPGPFGO #NVCT OO I 'KOGT C 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT WPF -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5013

8KEVQTKC )QNFOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP $ 9[QP 2T·OKG FGU 9KPEJGUVGT %QNNGIG $ÒUVG N )TCDOCN FGU )TÒPFGTU 9KNNKCO XQP 9[MGJCO $KUEJQH XQP 9KPEJGUVGT

Ó OO I 'KOGT p 4ÒEMUGKVG FQTV WPVGT 9KNNKCO +8 44 $GCTDGKVGV NGKEJVG (CUUWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ &CU 9KPEJGUVGT %QNNGIG IGPKGV KPVGTPCVKQPCN GKPGP GZ\GNNGPVGP CMCFGOKUEJGP 4WH 9KNNKCO XQP 9[MGJCO ITÒPFGVG FCU %QNNGIG KO ,CJT WO XQT CNNGP &KPIGP CTOGP 5VKRGPFKCVGP GKPG #WUDKNFWPI \W GTOÌINKEJGP 5QNEJG 5VKRGPFKCVGP IKDV GU CWEJ JGWVG PQEJ LGFQEJ UKPF FKG OGKUVGP UQ YQJNJCDGPF FC UKG FKG *·NHVG FGT 5EJWNIGDÒJTGP UGNDUV CWHDTKPIGP OÒUUGP

ITALIEN

5014

'NK\CDGVJ ++ UGKV )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP # .ÌYGPVCN .KPEQNP CWH FGP 6QF FGU 2TGOKGT OKPKUVGTU 5KT 9KPUVQP %JWTEJKNN

0CEJHCJTG XQP ,QJP %JWTEJKNN *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ

Ó CO ,CPWCT $TWUVDKNF %JWTEJKNNU N 'KPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF J·NV GKPG DTGPPGPFG (CEMGN /KV 4CPFRWP\GP ,2 - WPF % OO I 'KOGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T #NU %JWTEJKNN KO ,WNK CDIGY·JNV YWTFG GT YCT LGV\V UKGD\KI UCIVG UGKPG (TCW \W KJO 8KGNNGKEJV KUV GU GKP XGTMCRRVGT 5GIGP 'T CPVYQTVGVG +EJ OWUU UEJQP UCIGP UGJT GHHGMVXQNN XGTMCRRV &KG OGKUVGP .GWVG YÒTFGP UGKPGT (TCW \WIGUVKOOV JCDGP %JWTEJKNNU 5VWT\ GTHQNIVG RTCMVKUEJ KO #WIGPDNKEM FGU 5KGIGU GT ICD KJO GKPGP IN·P\GPFGP #DICPI &GT -TKGI YCT DGGPFGV 'PINCPF YCT OKV HNKGIGPFGP (CJPGP FWTEJIGMQOOGP UGKPG (GKPFG YCTGP XGTPKEJVGV WPF PKGOCPF MQPPVG DGUVTGKVGP FCUU FCU CNNGU %JWTEJKNNU 9GTM YCT &C FGT 5KGI GDGPUQ XKGNG 2TQDNGOG CWHYCTH YKG GT NÌUVG FCU YWVG GT HTGKNKEJ CDGT XQTN·WHKI GDGP PWT GT

5GDCUVKCP *CHHPGT KP %JWTEJKNN 'KPG $KQITCHKG *CHHPGT GOKITKGTVG PCEJ 'PINCPF WPF CTDGKVGVG CNU ,QWTPCNKUV HÒT FGP 1DUGTXGT MGJTVG GT PCEJ &GWVUEJNCPF \WTÒEM

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP OKV FGO 2QTVT·V UGKPGU 7TCJPGP ,QJP %JWTEJKNN HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH 5KT 9KPUVQP %JWTEJKNN HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

&#5 *'4<1)67/ /#067#

+6#.+'0aaaaaa

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI FGT 2TKP\GUUKP .WFQXKEC /CTKC )QP\CIC OKV -ÌPKI 9NCFKUNCWU +8 XQP 2QNGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

&#5 *'4<1)67/ /1&'0#

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI FGU *GT\QIU 4KPCNFQ F 'UVG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 5#81;'0

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 2TKP\GUUKP /CTKC #FGNCKFG XQP 5CXQ[GP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5015

&+' 4'27$.+- +6#.+'0

4GRWDNKM +VCNKGP UGKV )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , XQP ( )KCPPQPG 9GKDNKEJGT -QRH N OKV /CWGTMTQPG #PUKEJV FGU 3WKTKPCNU 2T·UKFGPVGPRCNCUV KP 4QO /KV 4CPFRWP\G < OO I -N 2TÒHURWT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

KIRCHENSTAAT

5016

&+' 2 256'

-+4%*'056##6 70& 8#6+-#0

7TDCP 8+++ )QNFOGFCKNNG # :8+++ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI XGTOWVNKEJ FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU XQP ) /QNQ CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGT 'KUGPYGTMG CWH FGO /QPVG .GQPG $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV <YGK #TDGKVGT CP GKPGO 5EJOGN\QHGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 6CIGDCW OO I /KUGNNK /ÒUGNGT 44 5R·VGTG 2T·IWPI *GPMGNp WPF $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP KO 4CPF HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5017

1,5:1

#NGZCPFGT 8++ )QNFOGFCKNNG # +8 XQP ) /QTQPG CWH FKG -KTEJG 5CPVG /CTKC FGNNC 2CEG $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV #PUKEJV FGT -KTEJG OO I /KUGNNK 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT 2CRUV #NGZCPFGT 8++ DGVTCEJVGVG FGP ªDGTVTKVV FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIKP %JTKUVKPC 6QEJVGT FGU -ÌPKIU )WUVCX ++ #FQNH 8QTM·ORHGT HÒT FKG RTQVGUVCPVKUEJG 5CEJG \WO MCVJQNKUEJGP )NCWDGP CNU R·RUVNKEJGP 'THQNI 'T NKG FKG 2QTVC FGN RQRQNQ FCU CNVG 5VCFVVQT 2QTVC (NCOKPKC XQT FGT #PMWPHV FGT 5EJYGFKP FWTEJ $GTPKPK TGUVCWTKGTGP 5KGJG 0T

5018 5019

5019

+PPQEGP\ :+ )QNFOGFCKNNG #0 +++ XQP ) *COGTCPK CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 0KLOGIGP $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 5V 2GVTWU UKV\V PCEJ T CWH GKPGO 5VGKP KP .CPFUEJCHV KP FGT 4GEJVGP $WEJ KP FGT .KPMGP 5EJNÒUUGNRCCT OO I /KUGNNK 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KP\ MCWO UKEJVDCTG *GPMGNURWT GVYCU DGTKGDGP UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

2KWU 8+ )QNFOGFCKNNG # ::+ XQP ) *COGTCPK CWH FKG #WHPCJOG FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2T·NCVGP KP 4QO $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &GT 2CRUV VJTQPV PCEJ T WPF GORH·PIV HTCP\ÌUKUEJG -NGTKMGT OO I 2CVTKIPCPK D )1.& 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT

KIRCHENSTAAT

ex 5020

5021

,QJCPPGU ::+++ )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP 2 /CP\Ð CWH FCU ¤MWOGPKUEJG 8CVKMCPKUEJG -QP\KN $TWUVDKNF JCNDN KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &GT 2CRUV UVGJV PCEJ N WPF GORH·PIV )NCWDGPUDTWFGT OO I &C\W 'KP YGKVGTGU 'ZGORNCT KP 5KNDGT OO I WPF $TQP\G OO 5VÒEM Z )1.& +P TQVGO 1TKIKPCNGVWK 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

2CWN 8+ )QNFOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 2 )KCORCQNK CWH FGP 6QFGUVCI FGU KVCNKGPKUEJGP /CNGTU $KNFJCWGTU #TEJKVGMVGP WPF &KEJVGTU /KEJGNCPIGNQ /KEJGNCPIGNQ FK .QFQXKEQ $WQPCTQVVK 5KOQPK Ó $TWUVDKNF FGU -ÒPUVNGTU HCUV X X /KEJGNCPIGNQ UKV\V X X WPF DNKEMV \W GKPGO NGKEJV DGMNGKFGVGP 2CCT JKPÒDGT KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG -WRRGN FGU 2GVGTUFQOU /KV (GKPIGJCNVURWP\G CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5022

,QJCPPGU 2CWN + )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP % )KCORCQNK CWH UGKPGP 6QF $TWUVDKNF N OKV -CNQVVG (COKNKGPYCRRGP CWH IGMTGW\VGP 5EJNÒUUGNP QDGP 6KCTC T 5VGORGN #7 OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

ex 5023

ex 5023 1,5:1

,QJCPPGU 2CWN ++ )QNFOGFCKNNG # +8 XQP # $GTVK CWH FKG -QP\KNG XQP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN WPF 'RJGUQU $TWUVDKNF JCNDT OKV DGVGPFGP *·PFGP 8GTUCOONWPI FGT 2T·NCVGP N /CFQPPC OKV -KPF QDGP FKG 6CWDG FGU *GKNKIGP )GKUVGU KP 5VTCJNGP OO I I (GKPIQNF &C\W 'KP YGKVGTGU 'ZGORNCT KP 5KNDGT OO I WPF KP XGTIQNFGVGT $TQP\G OO #NNG OKV GKPIGRWP\VGT #WHNCIGP\CJN KO 4CPF 5VÒEM Z )1.& 0WOGTKGTVGU ,CJTGUUGV 0T XQP KP 1TKIKPCNGVWK 5VGORGNINCP\ 41

POLEN

5024

,7)15.#9+'0 &+' 4'27$.+- ,7)15.#9+'0

&KPCTC OKV /ÒP\\GKEJGP 0+ CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GRWDNKM $TWUVDKNF FGU 5VCCVUEJGHU ,QUKR $TQ\ 6KVQ

Ó N 5VCCVUYCRRGP N FCPGDGP FKG GKPIGRWP\VG 5GTKGPPT WPVGP 9GTVCPICDG OO I (D 5EJN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

0+'&'4.#0&'

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG .CPFWPI FGU 5VCVVJCNVGTU 9KNJGNO +++ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP KP 'PINCPF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5025

0149')'0

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 0149')'0

1NCX 8 )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP * 4WK CWH UGKPGP )GDWTVUVCI -QRH N )GMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO \W FGP 5GKVGP UGKP )GDWTVUFCVWO WPF FCU &CVWO UGKPGU )GDWTVUVCIGU WPVGP CO 4CPF FKG 2WP\G /KV 4CPFRWP\G * 47+ OO I 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

5026

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 21.'0

21.'0

,QJCPP -CUKOKT )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP NKVCWKUEJGP 5VCCVU OCPP WPF 4GKEJUHÒTUV FGU *GKNKIGP 4ÌOKUEJGP 4GKEJGU *GT\QI $QIKUNCWU XQP 4CF\KYKNN

Ó )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF 4CF\KYKNNU T OKV ITQGT 2GTÒEMG WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'KPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF J·NV GKP 5EJYGTV OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ ÒDGT FGT 5EJYGTVURKV\G )QVVGUCWIG QDGP UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG OO I * %\ 4 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT 8QTFGTUGKVG GVYCU RQNKGTV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG Q , CWH FKG RQNPKUEJ U·EJUKUEJG 2TKP\GUUKP /CTKC #PPC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

RUSSLAND

5027

&+' 56#&6 &#0<+)

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP , *ÌJP CWH FKG \YGKVG 8GTO·JNWPI XQP 9NCFKUNCWU +8 OKV .WFQXKEC /CTKC )QP\CIC

Ó 2TKP\GUUKP XQP /CPVWC 5+56' )4#&7 $'..10# +7$'6 070% +701 37+'6'/ Ü '0 (#%+#/ 6+$+ 5+6 &7.%+5 #/14' 37+'5 Ü &GT IGMTÌPVG -ÌPKI OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF <GRVGT WPF FKG -ÌPKIKP KP )GYCPF UKV\GP KP .GJPUGUUGNP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT WPVGT TGKEJ XGT\KGTVGO 6JTQPJKOOGN WPF TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG TGEJVG *CPF CO $QFGP NKGIGP 9CHHGP 8.#&+5.#1 +8 Ü 21.10+ #% 58'%+ 4')+ Ü '6 .7&18+% /#4+ /#067#0 <YGK .ÌYGP JCNVGP FCU 5VCFVYCRRGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU KP 9QNMGP ÒDGT IGMTÌPVGO #FNGT WPVGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV (#6# 21.1 8'0+706 Û *1/+ 07/ 5706 816# Ù +'*18# 67 &'816# +78# 67 5#%4# 2#%6# (18' Ü 5+06'# (#756# 018+5 %105146+$ *+5S 57$#.+5 2#: 4')07/ 2127.75 (.14'#6 '6 )'&#07/ Ü Ü / Ü &% Ü :.8+ Ü / Ü /#46 Ù OO I &WVMQYUMK 5WEJCPGM FQTV \W &WMCVGP * %\ XCT FQTV KP 5KNDGT 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT )QNFVÌPWPI MN 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GNDKPI 0CEJH /ÒPEJGP 0T

5028

&#5 <#4'04'+%* 4755.#0&

4755.#0&

-CVJCTKPC ++ )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP , ) 9CGEJVGT CWH FKG 'TPGPPWPI FGU )TCHGP #NGZGL $GUVWUEJGY 4LWOKP

Ó \WO (GNFOCTUEJCNN #.':+85 %1/'5 # $'5685%*'( 4+8/+0 )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )TCHGP N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN FCTWPVGT HÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV +/2 Ü 4855 Û 1.+0 Û %#0%'.#4 Û 080% Û 5'0+14 Ü ':'4%+6 Û &8: Û %105+. Ü #%68 Ü +06+/ Ü '6 5'0#6 Ü 24+/85 Ü + Û ) Û 9 Û ( Û +//1$+.+5 Û +0 Û /1$+.+ <YGK (GNUGP KP CWHIGYÒJNVGO /GGT QDGP 9QNMGP OKV 5QPPG $NKV\GP WPF 4GIGP KO #DUEJPKVV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 5'/2'4 +&'/ /&%%.:++ Û OO I &KCMQX 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ #NGZGL $GUVWUEJGY 4LWOKP YCT GKPGT FGT GKPHNWTGKEJUVGP TWUUKUEJGP 5VCCVUO·PPGT FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU WPF DGGKPHNWVG ,CJTG NCPI OCIGDNKEJ FKG TWUUKUEJG #WGPRQNKVKM 0CEJFGO GT CO *QHG )GQTIU + KP *CPPQXGT WPF .QPFQP UGKPG FKRNQOCVKUEJG #WUDKNFWPI GTJCNVGP JCVVG YWTFG GT \WP·EJUV FGUUGP )GUCPFVGT 5GKV YCT GT TWUUKUEJGT )GUCPFVGT KP -QRGPJCIGP WPF UGKV CWEJ DGK FGP *CPUGUV·FVGP KP *CODWTI 7PVGT <CTKP #PPC MGJTVG $GUVWUEJGY 4LWOKP PCEJ 4WNCPF \WTÒEM WPF YWTFG \WP·EJUV )GJGKOTCV FCPP -CDKPGVVUOKPKUVGT <CTKP 'NKUCDGVJ GTJQD KJP UQHQTV PCEJ FGO 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV KP FGP )TCHGPUVCPF WPF GTPCPPVG KJP \WO 8K\GTGKEJUMCP\NGT UQICT \WO )TQMCP\NGT FGU TWUUKUEJGP 4GKEJGU 9GKN GT Y·JTGPF GKPGT 5EJY·EJG FGT <CTKP 'NKUCDGVJ OKV 'KPXGTUV·PFPKU FGT )TQHÒTUVKP -CVJCTKPC FKG TWUUKUEJG #TOGG XQO -TKGIUUEJCWRNCV\ KP 2TGWGP \WTÒEMDGQTFGTV JCVVG YWTFG GT UGKPGT OVGT GPVJQDGP FGU *QEJXGTTCVU HÒT UEJWNFKI IGURTQEJGP WPF KP UGKP GKIGPGU &QTH )QTGNQXQ DGK /QUMCW XGTDCPPV -CVJCTKPC ++ JQNVG FGP )TCHGP CP FGP *QH \WTÒEM WPF GTPCPPVG KJP \WO (GNFOCTUEJCNN

RUSSLAND

5029

#NGZCPFGT +++ )QNFOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 8 0KMQPQX 2T·OKG FGT /·FEJGPUEJWNG HÒT FGP GTHQNITGKEJGP #DUEJNW $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP <CTKP /CTKC (GQFQTQYPC 2TKP\GUUKP &CIOCT

Ó 6QEJVGT -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU +: XQP &·PGOCTM T OKV &KCFGO WPF 5EJNGKGT /KPGTXC OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF ¤NNCORG KP FGT GTJQDGPGP .KPMGP UVGJV X X WOIGDGP XQP #VVTKDWVGP FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP FKG CWH FGO $QFGP NKGIGP OO I &KCMQX 4 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

5030

5031

5032

519,'670+10

5QYLGVWPKQP )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP ) 2QUVPKMQX CWH FGP GTUVGP DGOCPPVGP 9GNVTCWO HNWI FWTEJ FGP UQYLGVKUEJGP -QUOQPCWVGP ,WTK #NGZGLGYKVUEJ )CICTKP

Ó CO #RTKN -QRH )CICTKPU N /·PPNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV FGO 5CVGNNKVGP 5RWVPKM KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF CWUIGUVTGEMVGT .KPMGP UEJKGV PGDGP GKPGT 4CMGVG KP FGP *KOOGN /KV (GKPIGJCNVUUVGORGN CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OO I 5EJMWTMQ 5CNKMQY 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP + 2QUVQN CWH #RQNNQ 5QLWU GTUVGT UQYLGVKUEJ COGTKMCPKUEJGT 4CWOHNWI XQO ,WNK )NQDWU WPF 5VGTPG 4CWOMCRUGN /KV GKPIGRWP\VGT 5GTKGPPT WPF OKV (GKPIGJCNVUUVGORGN CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OO I $WVVQP -CKUGT p 5EJMWTMQ 5CNKMQY 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T #O ,WNK UVCTVGVGP KP GKPGO #DUVCPF XQP 5VWPFGP GKP 5QLWU WPF GKP #RQNNQ 4CWOUEJKHH OKV -QRRNWPIU OQFWN \W GKPGO UQYLGVKUEJ COGTKMCPKUEJGP 6TGHHGP KO 'TFQTDKV &KGU YCT FGT NGV\VG 5VCTV GKPGU #RQNNQ 4CWOUEJKHHU WPF GKPGT 5CVWTP 8 4CMGVG KP FGT )GUEJKEJVG FGT 4CWOHCJTV WPF FKG GTUVG WPF HÒT NCPIG <GKV GKP\KIG -QRRNWPI \YGKGT 4CWOHCJT\GWIG FGT DGKFGP WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP 0CVKQPGP #P $QTF FGT \WGTUV UVCTVGPFGP 5QLWU YCTGP FKG -QUOQPCWVGP #NGZGK .GQPQY WPF 9CNGTK -WDCUQY CP $QTF FGT PCEJHQNIGPFGP #RQNNQ YCTGP FKG #UVTQPCWVGP 6QO 5VCHHQTF &QPCNF 5NC[VQP WPF 8CPEG $TCPF #O ,WNK HCPF FCPP FKG -QRRNWPI FGT DGKFGP 4CWOUEJKHHG UVCVV +P FGP FTGK HQNIGPFGP 6CIGP MQPPVGP XKGNG YKUUGPUEJCHVNKEJG \WO 6GKN IGOGKPUCOG 'ZRGTKOGPVG FWTEJIGHÒJTV YGTFGP &KG 4ÒEMMGJT XQP 5QLWU GTHQNIVG CO ,WNK FKG XQP #RQNNQ CO ,WNK &KGUG /KUUKQP YWTFG GKP XQNNGT 'THQNI WPF \GKIVG GTUVOCNU FC GKPG <WUCOOGPCTDGKV FGT DKUNCPI CWUUEJNKGNKEJ MQPMWTTKGTGPFGP 0CVKQPGP OÌINKEJ YCT 5KG YCT UQOKV 9GIDGTGKVGT FGT \YCP\KI ,CJTG UR·VGT HQNIGPFGP 5JWVVNG /KT /KUUKQPGP WPF HÒT FKG KPVGTPCVKQPCNG 4CWOUVCVKQP

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP WPUKIPKGTV XQP # $CMNCPQX CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU UQYLGVKUEJGP 5VCCVU EJGHU /KEJCKN )QTDCVUEJQY KP FGT $WPFGUTGRWDNKM &GWVUEJNCPF KO ,WPK &KG $TWUVDKNFGT /KEJCKN )QTDCVUEJQYU WPF FGU FGWVUEJGP $WPFGURT·UKFGPVGP 4KEJCTF XQP 9GK\U·EMGT XQT )GD·WFGCPUKEJV <YGK KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG FCJKPVGT FKG FGWVUEJG WPF FKG TWUUKUEJG (NCIIG OO I 5EJMWTMQ 5CNKMQY 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

SCHWEDEN

5033

5033 1,5:1

5%*9'&'0 &#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 5%*9'&'0

)WUVCX ++ #FQNH 6TCIDCTGT QXCNGT IGIQUUGPGT IQNFGPGT )PCFGPRHGPPKI OKV 5KIPCVWT - 5 CWH UGKPGP 5KGI ÒDGT FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP WPVGT 6KNN[ DGK $TGKVGPHGNF JGWVG 5VCFVVGKN XQP .GKR\KI )856 Û #&1.2 Û & Û ) Û 58'% Û )16 Û 9#0& Û 4': Û / Û 2 Û ( Û & Û ' Û '6 Û % Û + Û &1 )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &'1 Û '6 Û 8+%64+%+$85 Û #4/+5 #WHTGEJV UVGJGPFGT .ÌYG PCEJ N OKV 5EJYGTV WPF 5EJKNF CWH \CJNTGKEJGP #TOCVWTGP &GT )PCFGP RHGPPKI KUV XQP GKPGO MWPUVXQNNGP 4CJOGP WOIGDGP FGT GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ FCTUVGNNV Z OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 1TKIKPCNIW OKV 4GUVGP XQP 'OCKNNG 2TCEJVXQNNG HGKP \KUGNKGTVG #TDGKV XQP XQT\ÒINKEJGT 'TJCNVWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 9GUVH·NKUEJG #WMVKQPUIGUGNNUEJCHV &QTVOWPF 0T &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK $TGKVGPHGNF IGJÌTV \W FGP DGFGWVGPFUVGP #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP FGU &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGIGU 0CEJFGO FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP WPVGT 6KNN[ KP 5CEJUGP GKPIGHCNNGP YCTGP UEJNQ UKEJ -WTHÒTUV ,QJCPP )GQTI + CO 5GRVGODGT )WUVCX #FQNH XQP 5EJYGFGP CP #O 5GRVGODGT MCO GU IGIGP 7JT \WT 5EJNCEJV DGK $TGKVGPHGNF 1DYQJN FKG MCKUGTNKEJG 4GKVGTGK FKG WPIGÒDVGP 5CEJUGP UEJNWI VTWI NGV\VGPFNKEJ FKG RTQVGUVCPVKUEJG #TOGG FGP 5KGI FCXQP #WUUEJNCIIGDGPF JKGTHÒT YCT GKPG PGWG DGYGINKEJG -CORHYGKUG WPF FCU UV·TMGTG )GUEJÒV\ FGT 5EJYGFGP $TGKVGPHGNF YCT FGT GTUVG ITQG 5KGI FGT 2TQVGUVCPVGP WPF OCTMKGTVG GKPGP 9GPFGRWPMV KO &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGI

5034

6TCIDCTGT IQNFGPGT )PCFGPRHGPPKI KP (QTO GKPGU $TWUVDKNFGU Q , OKV 5KIPCVWT - 5 CWH UGKPGP 5KGI ÒDGT FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP WPVGT 6KNN[ DGK $TGKVGPHGNF JGWVG 5VCFVVGKN XQP .GKR\KI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 5RKV\GPMTCIGP WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #WHTGEJV UVGJGPFGT .ÌYG PCEJ N OKV 5EJYGTV WPF 5EJKNF CWH \CJNTGKEJGP #TOCVWTGP &GT )PCFGPRHGPPKI KUV MWPUVXQNN CNU $TWUVDKNF IGCTDGKVGV OKV CPIGJ·PIVGT 2GTNG 4CJOGP WOIGDGP FGT GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ FCTUVGNNV Z OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 XCT 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV +P 'VWK 8QT\ÒINKEJG #TDGKV 45

SCHWEDEN

5035

-CTN :+ )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH UGKPGP 6QF %#41.85 Ü :+ Ü & Ü ) Ü 4': Ü 58' Ü 0#685 Ü & Ü Ü 018 Ü # Ü Ü )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .8%685 Ü 010 Ü +856+14 Ü 8..85 Ü &CU RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 5EJYGFGP KP CPVKMGT -NGKFWPI VTCWGTV CP 5CTMQRJCI FCTCWH *CTPKUEJ WPF *GNO FCXQT NKGIGPFGT .ÌYG KO *KPVGTITWPF .CPFUEJCHV OKV 2[TCOKFG KO #DUEJPKVV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV &'0#61 Û 2#64' Û 2#64+#' Û & Ü Û #24+. Û Ü OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5VGPUVTÌO 00 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5VKHVNQEJ KO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP

5036

5037

5038

)WUVCX +++ )QNFOGFCKNNG Q , IGRT·IV XQP ) .LWPIDGTIGT CWH FKG 5VKHVWPI FGU 8CUCQTFGPU CO 6CI UGKPGT -TÌPWPI FGO /CK )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF 8CUCQTFGP -QTPICTDG WOJGT )756#( &'0 64'&+' +056+(6#4' /&%%.::++ OO I *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

-CTN :+8 ,QJCPP 6TCIDCTG )QNFOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI CO /CK KO 5VQEMJQNOGT &QO UVQTM[TMC )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T KP -TÌPWPIUQTPCV (1.-'65 - 4.'- /+0 $'.¤0+0) WOJGT 'KEJGP WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI OO I *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 C

FQTV PWT KP 5KNDGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

)QNFGPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , XQP . 2 .WPFITGP FGT MÌPKINKEJGP .CPF YKTVUEJCHVUCMCFGOKG $ÒUVG T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 2HNÒIGPFGT $CWGT T KP .CPFUEJCHV OO I *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 C FQTV PWT KP 5KNDGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

SCHWEIZ

5039

5040

&+' 56#&6 $'40

5041

5040

5%*9'+<

)QNFOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP , / /ÌTKMQHGT CWH FGP $GTPGT /GFK\KPGT 0CVWTHQTUEJGT WPF &KEJVGT #NDTGEJV XQP *CNNGT

Ó $TWUVDKNF XQP *CNNGTU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .QTDGGTMTCP\ KP FGO GKP CWHIGUEJNCIGPGU #PCVQOKG WPF $QVCPKMNGJTDWEJ WPF GKPG .GKGT NKGIGP CWH 9QNMGP FCTWPVGT .CPFUEJCHV OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 5NI $TGVVCWGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT WPF WPGFGN 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT )QNFVÌPWPI

6TCIDCTG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP * *WIWGPKP CWH FKG /QDKNOCEJWPI WPF FKG )TGP\DGHGUVKIWPI CO $GIKPP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU WPF FKG $GNQJPWPI FGT )TGP\VTWRRGP \WO 9GKJPCEJVUHGUV $TWUVDKNF 9KNJGNO 6GNNU JCNDN OKV *WV KP FGT 4GEJVGP 2HGKN 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV N <YGKI WPVGP -TGW\ /KV 2WP\G - CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG %C OO WPINGKEJO·KI IGHQTOV I #P -GVVG WPF FWPMNGO $CPF 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

)QNFOGFCKNNG XQP * 'OK 2CCT DGKO .KGDGUCMV /WVVGT JQEMV PCEJ T WPF J·NV GKPGP 5·WINKPI OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP 5VGORGNINCP\

&+' '+&)'0155'05%*#(6

IRAN

5042

5043

65%*'%*+'0 &+' 65%*'%*15.19#-+5%*' 4'27$.+-

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 2T·UKFGPVGP .WFXÃM 5XQDQFC

Ó WPF FGP )GPGTCNUGMTGV·T #NGZCPFGT &WDEGM

Ó $TWUVDKNFGT FGT 2QNKVKMGT PGDGPGKPCPFGT N FCTWPVGT 5VGTPGPDQIGP 5V 9GP\GN OKV (CJPG JCNDN CWH 4Q KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVUKNJQWGVVG /KV (GKPIGJCNVURWP\G UQYKG 5GTKGPPWOOGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG OO I 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG

&+' 4'27$.+- 6ª4-'+

6ª4-'+

2KCUVGT -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN .WZWURT·IWPI -QRH FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP /WUVCHC -GOCN #VCVÒTM N KP 5VGTPGPMTCP\ WOJGT $NWOGPQTPCOGPVG 5EJTKHV WPF ,CJTGU\CJN KP 5VGTPGPMTCP\ WOJGT $NWOGPQTPCOGPVG OO I I (GKPIQNF (D 5EJN 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ

)1.&/'&#+..'0 #75 ª$'45''

5044 5045

&+' 4'27$.+- $4#5+.+'0

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5045

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT XQTIG\QIGPGP 8QNNL·JTKIMGKVUGTMN·TWPI 2GFTQU ++

Ó CO ,WNK 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU LWPIGP -CKUGTU N )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP OO I .GKEJV DGTKGDGP XQT\ÒINKEJ 0CEJ FGT #DFCPMWPI UGKPGU 8CVGTU 2GFTQ + CO #RTKN YWTFG FGT GTUV HÒPHL·JTKIG 2GFTQ ++ \W UGKPGO 0CEJHQNIGT CWUIGTWHGP &KG #OVUIGUEJ·HVG ÒDGTPCJO HÒT KJP GKP XQO 2CNCOGPV DGUVKOOVGT 4CV XQP 4GIGPVGP +O #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP YWTFG 2GFTQ FCPP XQT\GKVKI HÒT XQNNL·JTKI GTMN·TV

&'4 5%*#* 810 2'45+'0

/QJCOOGF 4K\C 2CJNGXK )QNFOGFCKNNG 5* WPUKIPKGTV &KG IGMTÌPVGP $TWUVDKNFGT XQP 4K\C 2CJNGXK WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP (CTCJ &KDC PGDGPGKPCPFGT N -TQPG ÒDGT 5EJTKHV OO I (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

+4#0

MEXIKO

5047

5046

&+' 4'27$.+- +54#'.

+54#'.

)QNFOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGP 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT 6JGQFQT *GT\N

Ó WPF FKG )TÒPFWPI FGT 4GRWDNKM +UTCGN CO /CK -QRH *GT\NU N +P Z SWCFTCVKUEJG (GNFGT CWHIGVGKNVG 6CHGN FCTKP XGTUEJKGFGPG 5[ODQNG \W FGP 5GKVGP .QTDGGT\YGKIG OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP 6JGQFQT *GT\N YCT -CWHOCPPUUQJP WPICTKUEJGT #DUVCOOWPI WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJVG PCEJ UGKPGO ,WTCUVWFKWO KP 9KGP WPF #PYCNVUV·VKIMGKVGP 6JGCVGTUVÒEMG 'T\·JNWPIGP WPF (GWKNNGVQPU #NU -QTTGURQPFGPV GKPGT 9KGPGT 6CIGU\GKVWPI DGTKEJVGVG GT ÒDGT FGP &TG[HWU 2TQ\G KP 2CTKU 7PVGT FGO 'KPFTWEM FGU #PVKUGOKVKUOWU TGXKFKGTVG GT UGKPG DKUJGTKIG $GLCJWPI FGT #UUKOKNCVKQP DGITÒPFGVG FGP <KQPKUOWU WPF XGTHCVG FKG RTQITCOOCVKUEJG 5EJTKHV &GT ,WFGPUVCCV 'T QTICPKUKGTVG FGP <KQPKUVKUEJGP 9GNVMQPITG KP $CUGN &QTV YWTFG FKG )TÒPFWPI FGU 9GNVXGTDCPFGU FGT <KQPKUVGP DGUEJNQUUGP 1DYQJN *GT\N \W UGKPGP .GD\GKVGP QJPG ITGKHDCTG 'THQNIG DNKGD GPVHCEJVG GT FKG $GIGKUVGTWPI HÒT FKG 5EJCHHWPI GKPGU LÒFKUEJGP 5VCCVGU KP 2CN·UVKPC FGT KP FGP HQNIGPFGP 'KPYCPFGTWPIU YGNNGP )GUVCNV IGYCPP 0CEJ FGO <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI YWTFG FGT 5VCCV +UTCGN IGITÒPFGV

3WGNNG +OCPWGN )GKUU )GUEJKEJVG ITKHHDGTGKV

)QNFOGFCKNNG XQP 2 8KPE\G CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT $CNHQWT &GMNCTCVKQP CO 0QXGODGT $ÒUVG FGU DTKVKUEJGP 2TGOKGTOKPKUVGTU #TVJWT ,COGU $CNHQWT

Ó X X CWH .QTDGGT\YGKIGP FCTWPVGT GKPG XQP KJO WPVGT\GKEJPGVG 5EJTKHVTQNNG $CWO FCPGDGP CEJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV /KV 4CPFITCXWT 56#6' 1( +54#'. UQYKG 9CRRGP WPF JGDT·KUEJG 5EJTKHV CWGTFGO OKV GKPITCXKGTVGO (GKPIGJCNV ) 6 WPF OKV GKPIGRWP\VGT 5GTKGPPWOOGT OO I 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ +O 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI DGTKGH KJP 2TGOKGTOKPKUVGT #USWKVJ \WO .QTF FGT #FOKTCNKV·V 7PVGT .NQ[F )GQTIG UGV\VG GT UKEJ CNU #WGPOKPKUVGT HÒT FGP -TKGIUGKPVTKVV FGT 75# GKP /KV FGT $CNHQWT &GMNCTCVKQP UVGNNVG GT IGIGPÒDGT .KQPGN 9CNVGT 4QVJUEJKNF GKPG PCVKQPCNG *GKOUV·VVG HÒT ,WFGP KP 2CN·UVKPC KP #WUUKEJV <WINGKEJ ICD GT FGP #TCDGTP <WUCIGP HÒT 5VCCVGPITÒPFWPIGP #NU .QTF 2TGUKFGPV FGU -CDKPGVVU HQTOWNKGTVG GT FGP 5VCVWU FGT &QOKPKGP KO 8GTJ·NVPKU \W )TQDTKVCPPKGP WPF RT·IVG FGP $GITKHH FGU $TKVKUJ %QOOQPYGCNVJ

+O ,CJT YWTFG GT 'CTN

3WGNNG +OCPWGN )GKUU )GUEJKEJVG ITKHHDGTGKV

5048

1,5:1

5048

/':+-1 &#5 8+<'-¤0+)4'+%* 0'752#0+'0 /':+-1

(GTPCPFQ 8++ )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP ( )QTFKNNQ CWH UGKPG 2TQMNCOCVKQP KP 2CTTCU 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTÒDGT 5VGTP QDGP WPF WPVGP LG GKPG $NWOGPIKTNCPFG WOJGT .CWDMTCP\ OO I *GTTGTC 5 FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5NI (QPTQDGTV p 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT )QNFVÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI .QWKU ' 'NKCUDGTI 5T #WMVKQP #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 4CTKVKGU 0GY ;QTM 0T 2CTTCU FG NC (WGPVG KUV GKPG 5VCFV KO 5ÒFGP FGU OGZKMCPKUEJGP $WPFGUUVCCVU %QCJWKNC WPF YWTFG IGITÒPFGV &KG 5VCFV KUV DGMCPPV HÒT KJTGP 9GKPCPDCW

PERU

5049

1,5:1

&+' 4'27$.+- 2'47

2'47

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W 'UEWFQU 1P\C WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 5KGI FGU )GPGTCNU WPF 5VCCVURT·UKFGPVGP #IWUVÃP )COCTTC

Ó ÒDGT FGP 2T·UKFGPVGP FGT 2GTW $QNKXKCPKUEJGP %QPHÌFGTCVKQP KP FGT 2TQXKP\ #PECEJU IGYKFOGV XQP FGP /ÒP\DGCOVGP FGT 5VCFV %W\EQ 5EJNCEJV\GPG KO *KPVGTITWPF $GTI FCTCWH )GPKWU T OKV 2QUCWPG WOJGT $NWOGPMTCP\ #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV ÒDGT 5VGTP KP <KGTTGKH WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ CWGP $NWOGPMTCP\ OO I 5NI (QPTQDGTV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 2T·IGUEJY·EJGP YKP\ 2TÒHURWT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5050

1,5:1

)QNFOGFCKNNG XQP % ' $T[CPV CWH FKG )TWPFUVGKPNGIWPI FGU 6TCPU #PFGP 'KUGPDCJPUVTGEMGP CDUEJPKVVU XQP #TGSWKRC PCEJ 2WPQ 'KUGPDCJP H·JTV PCEJ T CWH GKPGT $TÒEMG KP 4KEJVWPI 2WPQ KO *KPVGTITWPF #PFGPNCPFUEJCHV <GKNGP \WO 6GKN IGDQIGPG 5EJTKHV OKV FGP 0COGP FGT DGVGKNKIVGP 2GTUQPGP OO I /Q[CWZ 5NI (QPTQDGTV FQTV KP 5KNDGT 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 'KUGPDCJP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 50

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

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5051

1,5:1

&#5 4¤/+5%* &'765%*' 4'+%*

4WFQNH ++ )QNFGPG )WOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV PCEJ 8 /CNGT <GJPMCKUGTOGFCKNNG (ÒPH /GFCKNNQPU OKV -CKUGTRQTVT·VU KP FGT /KVVG \YKUEJGP \YGK CWHIGTKEJVGVGP ¤N\YGKIGP WPVGT GKPGT -CKUGTMTQPG FCU /QPQITCOO 4 FCTKP FGT 4GKEJUCRHGN \W FGUUGP 5GKVGP <GRVGT WPF 5EJYGTV 9GKVGTG HÒPH /GFCKNNQPU OKV -CKUGTRQTVT·VU KP FGT /KVVG IGMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 9CRRGP CWH FGT $TWUV OO I 5NI 'TNCPIGT ++ XIN FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ XIN FQTV KP 5KNDGT 0WT YGPKIG 'ZGORNCTG KP )QNF DGMCPPV 8QT\ÒINKEJG #TDGKV 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 8CNGPVKP /CNGT YWTFG WO KP +INCW /·JTGP IGDQTGP 'T CTDGKVGVG CNU /GFCKNNGWT WPF )QNFUEJOKGF &KG GTUVG /GFCKNNG FKG GT KP 0ÒTPDGTI JGTUVGNNVG GPVUVCPF YKG KP FGP 0ÒTPDGTIGT #MVGP XQP GTY·JPV 0QEJ XQT UGKPGT *QEJ\GKV OKV /CTKC ,COPKV\GT FGT 6QEJVGT XQP 9GP\GN ,COPKV\GT CO 0QXGODGT YWTFG GT VTQV\ FGO 'KPURTWEJ FGT IGUEJYQTGPGP )QNFUEJOKGFG XQO 4CV CNU /GKUVGT CPIGPQOOGP WPF \WO $ÒTIGTTGEJV \WIGNCUUGP 8CNGPVKP /CNGT UEJPKVV CWEJ 2T·IGUVGORGN KP 5VCJN HÒT FKG GT CO /CK XQP 4WFQNH ++ FCU MCKUGTNKEJG 2TKXKNGI GTJKGNV FCU KJP XQT 0CEJCJOWPIGP WPF -QRKGP UEJÒV\GP UQNNVG 'T UVCTD CO 5GRVGODGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI

5052

1,5:1

)QNFGPG )WOGFCKNNG Q , XQP %JT /CNGT CWH FGP 4GKEJUVCI KP 4GIGPUDWTI $TWUVDKNF T FCTÒDGT MNGKPG <CEMGPMTQPG )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 9CRRGP CWH FGT $TWUV WOJGT FKG UKGDGP 9CRRGP FGT -WTHÒTUVGP XQP $ÌJOGP 2HCN\ 5CEJUGP $TCPFGPDWTI -ÌNP 6TKGT WPF /CKP\ OO I 5NI *QTUM[ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 44 5GJT UEJÌPGT 1TKIKPCNIW 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T %JTKUVKCP /CNGT

0ÒTPDGTI Ó 0ÒTPDGTI YCT FGT 5QJP FGU /GFCKNNGWTU WPF )QNFUEJOKGFU 8CNGPVKP /CNGT UKGJG 0T 'T HÒJTVG PCEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGU 8CVGTU FGUUGP 9GTMUVCVV YGKVGT

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5053

1,5:1

.GQRQNF + )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , WO XQP , $WEJJGKO CWH UGKPG 5KGIG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #WHIGTKEJVGVGT .ÌYG OKV <GRVGT WPF 5EJYGTV UEJTGKVGV T N $NWOG T $CWO QDGP 5QPPG 9QNMGP WPF /QPF OO I ( W 5 5NI *QTUM[ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT .GQRQNF

Ó \YGKVGT 5QJP XQP -CKUGT (GTFKPCPF +++ WPF /CTKC #PPC XQP 5RCPKGP YCT \WP·EJUV HÒT FGP IGKUVNKEJGP 5VCPF DGUVKOOV YWTFG FCPP CDGT \WO -ÌPKI XQP $ÌJOGP WPF \WO FGWVUEJGP -CKUGT IGMTÌPV +P UGKPGT NCPIGP 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV XGTHQNIVG UGKPG 2QNKVKM \YGK <KGNG 5RCPKGP FGP FGWVUEJGP *CDUDWTIGTP \W IGYKPPGP WPF CWEJ 7PICTP \W TGMCVJQNKUKGTGP &CU GTUVG XGTYKEMGNVG KJP KP NCPIYKGTKIG -TKGIG OKV (TCPMTGKEJ &GT 8GTUWEJ 7PICTP \W TGMCVJQNKUKGTGP TKGH YKGFGTJQNV #WHUV·PFG JGTXQT FKG 7PICTP UWEJVGP *KNHG DGK FGP 6ÒTMGP 5Q MCOGP FKG $ÒPFPKUUG XQP .QWKU :+8 OKV FGP 6ÒTMGP IGIGP FCU 4GKEJ \WUVCPFG YCU FKG 6ÒTMGPMTKGIG \WT (QNIG JCVVG <YCT GTHQEJVGP .GQRQNFU DGFGWVGPFG (GNFJGTTGP W C 2TKP\ 'WIGP XQP 5CXQ[GP .WFYKI 9KNJGNO XQP $CFGP FGT 6ÒTMGPNQWKU KOOGT YKGFGT IN·P\GPFG 5KGIG FQEJ \GTTÒVVGVG FKGUG 2QNKVKM 9KTVUEJCHV WPF (KPCP\GP +P &GWVUEJNCPF NGIVG .GQRQNF + FCOKV FGP -GKO HÒT FGP YGKVGTGP <GTHCNN FGU 4GKEJGU KP FGO FKG ITÌGTGP 6GTTKVQTKCNUVCCVGP KPUDGUQPFGTG $TCPFGPDWTI 2TGWGP KOOGT UV·TMGT YWTFGP 5Q NGIVG FGT -CKUGT UGNDUV FGP )TWPFUVGKP HÒT FGP UR·VGTGP &WCNKUOWU FGT ¤UVGTTGKEJ KO ,CJTJWPFGTV FGO GPIGTGP FGWVUEJGP 4CWO GPVHTGOFGP UQNNVG

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG CWH FKG -TÌPWPI FGU -CKUGTU .GQRQNF + HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5054

1,5:1

/CTKC 6JGTGUKC )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP # 9KFGOCPP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI KJTGU 5QJPGU FGU 'T\JGT\QIU ,QUGH UR·VGT ,QUGH ++ OKV +UCDGNNC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU 2JKNKRR XQP $QWTDQP 2CTOC $TWUVDKNFGT FGU 2CCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT T *[OGP UVGJV JCNDN KP FGT 4GEJVGP J·NV GT \YGK .QTDGGTMT·P\G KP FGT .KPMGP (CEMGN OKV FGT GT GKP (GWGT CWH GKPGO #NVCT GPV\ÒPFGV OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ D\Y 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T ,QUGH ++

9KGP Ó 9KGP ·NVGUVGT 5QJP WPF 'TDG FGT -CKUGTKP /CTKC 6JGTGUKC YWTFG CO /·T\ GKPUVKOOKI \WO TÌOKUEJ FGWVUEJGP -ÌPKI IGMTÌPV WPF YCT FCOKV FGUKIPKGTVGT 0CEJHQNIGT UGKPGU 8CVGTU (TCP\ + KP FGT -CKUGTYÒTFG +P FGT +PPGPRQNKVKM \WP·EJUV IGIGPÒDGT UGKPGT /WVVGT WPF FGO 5VCCVUMCP\NGT -CWPKV\ KO *KPVGTITWPF UVGJGPF HÒJTVG GT CWGPRQNKVKUEJ GKPGP CITGUUKXGP -WTU FGT GPVIGIGP FGO 9KNNGP /CTKC 6JGTGUKCU \WT GTUVGP 6GKNWPI 2QNGPU HÒJTVG +O +PPGTGP MQPPVG ,QUGH ++ GTUV PCEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGT /WVVGT CP FKG 4GCNKUKGTWPI UGKPGU 5VCCVUKFGCNU FGU CWHIGMN·TVGP #DUQNWVKUOWU \GPVTCNKUVKUEJGT 2T·IWPI ,QUGRJKPKUOWU IGJGP

1,5:1

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5055

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP # 9KFGOCPP 2T·OKG XGTNKGJGP HÒT .GKUVWPIGP KO #EMGTDCW /#4+# 6*'4'5+# #8)856# $TWUVDKNF T FCTWPVGT FKG /GFCKNNGWTUUKIPCVWT #46+ #46+8/ 0864+%+ .CPFUEJCHV OKV $·WOGP WPF (GNFGTP KO 8QTFGTITWPF N 2HNWI T 2QUVCOGPV OKV CWHIGUEJNC IGPGO $WEJ FCTCWH 'WNG KO *KPVGTITWPF *·WUGT WPF *ÒIGN QDGP 9QNMGP KO #DUEJPKVV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 241'/+8/ %1056+686 /&%%.:8 OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ /CTKC 6JGTGUKC

9KGP Ó 9KGP UGKV OKV (TCP\ 5VGRJCP XQP .QVJTKPIGP XGTJGKTCVGV OWVG QJPG GKIGPVNKEJG 8QTDGTGKVWPI CWH KJT #OV PCEJ FGO 6QF KJTGU 8CVGTU -CTN 8+ FGP -CORH WO KJT 'TDG CPVTGVGP +JTG )GIPGT KO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI YCTGP -CTN #NDTGEJV XQP $C[GTP WPF UGKPG 8GTDÒPFGVGP XQT CNNGO (TCPMTGKEJ WPF 5RCPKGP FKG PKEJV FKG 2TCIOCVKUEJG 5CPMVKQP XQP CPGTMCPPVGP KP FGT FKG YGKDNKEJG 'TDHQNIG FGU *CWUGU *CDUDWTI IGTGIGNV YQTFGP YCT 0CEJ FGO 'PFG FKGUGU -TKGIGU XGTUWEJVG FKG -CKUGTKP KO 5KGDGPL·JTKIGP -TKGI IGIGP (TKGFTKEJ ++ XQP 2TGWGP GTHQNINQU 5EJNGUKGP \WTÒEM\WIGYKPPGP +O +PPGTP HÒJTVG /CTKC 6JGTGUKC VKGHITGKHGPFG 4GHQTOGP FGT 8GTYCNVWPI WPF FGU 5EJWNYGUGPU FWTEJ WPF TGFW\KGTVG FGP 'KPHNW FGT -KTEJG GTJGDNKEJ &KG EJCTKUOCVKUEJG 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKV CNU (TCW WPF /WVVGT XQP -KPFGTP KJTG (·JKIMGKV KO 7OICPI OKV /KVCTDGKVGTP WPF KJTG 7OUKEJV KP FGT 5VCCVUHÒJTWPI OCEJVGP /CTKC 6JGTGUKC \W GKPGT FGT DGNKGDVGUVGP WPF DGFGWVGPFUVGP *GTTUEJGTHKIWTGP FGU #DUQNWVKUOWU

5056

5057

&#5 -#+5'44'+%* ¤56'44'+%*

(TCP\ + -NGKPG )QNFOGFCKNNG CWH FKG -TÌPWPI UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKC .WFQXKEC \WT -ÌPKIKP XQP 7PICTP CO 5GRVGODGT KP 2TGDWTI -TQPG FCTWPVGT UGEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 4'%6' '6 %#0&+&' FCTWPVGT .KNKG OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 4 /KP IGYGNNV XQT\ÒINKEJ

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI FGT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'T\JGT\QIKP /CTKG .QWKUG OKV 0CRQN¾QP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI FGT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'T\JGT\QIKP /CTICTGVJG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FCU $ÒPFPKU OKV FGO &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

&+' 56#&6 9+'0

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , WO XQP % *CKFNGT 5CNXCVQTOGFCKNNG <YGK QXCNG 9CRRGP KP XGT\KGTVGT -CTVWUEJG WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ $TWUVDKNF %JTKUVK N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WOJGT .QTDGGT MTCP\ OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 5NI 7PIGT p XIN FQTV CNU 6CNGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JÒDUEJGT )QNFRCVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

AUGSBURG

&'765%*' )1.&/'&#+..'0

5058

2:1

&+' 56#&6 #7)5$74)

2:1

#7)5$74)

5CVKTKUEJG )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , XQP %JT ' /ÒNNGT CWH FKG 8GTUEJYKGIGPJGKV <YGK 1JTGP FCTWPVGT GKP /WPF 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 9'4 1*0' *#&'4 .'$'0 9+.. /755 *¤*4'0 8+'. 1((6 5%*9'+)'0 56+.. &'00 &#47/ +56 &'4 /'05%* )'$1*4'0 /+6 '+0'/ /70&6 70& Ù <9';'0 1*4'0 Û QDGP WPF WPVGP LG GKPG #TCDGUMG FCTWPVGT %'/ %JTKUVKCP 'TPUV /ÒNNGT 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT KP #WIUDWTI WO OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT (QTUVGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5NI $TGVVCWGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ &KG CNVG 4GIGN 'KP )GJGKOPKU DNGKDV PWT GKPGU YGPP YKTMNKEJ PKGOCPF FCXQP YGK *·NV OCP UKEJ FCTCP KUV GU PKEJV UQ UEJYGT \W DGYCJTGP YKG FKG .GWVG OGKPGP /CP MCPP LGOCPFGP HCUV UQ IWV MGPPGP YKG UKEJ UGNDUV WPF OCP NKGUV FQEJ PKEJV UGKPG )GFCPMGP &CPKGN -GJNOCPP KP UGKPGO 4QOCP (

5059

2:1

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 6JKGDCWF CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGPU 4GIGPDQIGP ÒDGT #NVCT FCTCWH FKG (TKGFGPUWTMWPFG OKV XKGT 5KGIGNP WPF .QTDGGT\YGKIGP FCXQT (ÒNNJQTP <YGK IGHNÒIGNVG WPF IGMTÌPVG )GPKGP QRHGTP CP #NVCT FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG OO I &GVJ 1TF (QTUVGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT 2CZ KP 0WOOKU FQTV KP 5KNDGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

BAYERN

2:1

5060

$#;'40 &#5 *'4<1)67/ $#;'40

#NDGTV 8 FGT )TQOÒVKIG 6TCIDCTGU IQNFGPGU -NGKPQF Q , WO WPUKIPKGTV XQP * #GUUNKPIGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV 8QNNDCTV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU 8KGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP WOJGT FKG -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU OO I *CDKEJ ++ 9KVV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV /KV 6TCIGÌUG 8QT\ÒINKEJGT HGKP \KUGNKGTVGT 1TKIKPCNIW 'ZGORNCT FGT *CWUUCOONWPI FGT *[RQ8GTGKPUDCPM /ÒPEJGP #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T #NDGTV

/ÒPEJGP Ó /ÒPEJGP YCT FGT \YGKVG 5QJP *GT\QIU 9KNJGNO +8 FGU 5VCPFJCHVGP +P FGT DC[GTKUEJGP )GUEJKEJVG UVGNNV #NDGTV YQJN FCU +FGCN GKPGU 4GPCKUUCPEGHÒTUVGP FCT 7PVGT UGKPGP XKGNH·NVKIGP +PVGTGUUGP CNU -WPUVUCOONGT WPF /·\GP KUV HÒT WPU UGKPG 2CUUKQP HÒT /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP CO KPVGTGUUCPVGUVGP &WTEJ FGP 'TYGTD FGT /ÒP\UCOONWPIGP FGU #WIUDWTIGT &QOJGTTP #GIQNH XQP -PÌTTKPIGP WPF FGU 5CN\DWTIGT 4CVGU ,QJCPP (KEMNGT FGP GT \WO .GKVGT FGU JGT\QINKEJGP /ÒP\MCDKPGVVU DGUVGNNVG NGIVG GT FGP )TWPFUVQEM FGT 5VCCVNKEJGP /ÒP\UCOONWPI /ÒPEJGP &CDGK UVCPF #NDGTV 8 KP PWOKUOCVKUEJGO -QPVCMV OKV \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGP /ÒP\NKGDJCDGTP YKG FGO DGTÒJOVGP #WIUDWTIGT $CPMKGT ,CMQD (WIIGT QFGT FGO 0KGFGTN·PFGT *WDGTV )QNV\KWU &GT *GT\QI DTCEJVG GKPG ICP\G 4GKJG XQP DGICDVGP )QNFUEJOKGFGP WPF 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTP PCEJ /ÒPEJGP FKG GKPG ITQG #P\CJN XQP /GFCKNNGP WPF 5EJCWRT·IWPIGP \WO 6GKN OKV /ÒP\EJCTCMVGT CPHGTVKIVGP WPF /ÒPEJGP FCFWTEJ KP -QPMWTTGP\ \W FGP CPFGTGP DGKFGP UÒFFGWVUEJGP <GPVTGP FGT 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGMWPUV 0ÒTPDGTI WPF #WIUDWTI VTGVGP NKGGP &KG -WPUVUKPPKIMGKV #NDGTVU 8 FGT FGP $GKPCOGP ōFGT )TQOÒVKIGŋ GTJKGNV XGTITÌGTVG FKG DGK 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV CO /·T\ XQP 9KNJGNO +8 ÒDGTPQOOGPG 5EJWNFGPNCUV $C[GTPU WPF HÒJTVG FCJGT OGJTHCEJ \W -QPHNKMVGP OKV FGP .CPFUV·PFGP 'T MQPPVG UKEJ LGFQEJ IGIGP FKG 1RRQUKVKQP FKG XQT CNNGO GKPG WOHCUUGPFG -KTEJGPTGHQTO HQTFGTVG WPF KP FGT 1TVGPDWTIGT #FGNUXGTUEJYÌTWPI XQP IKRHGNVG MNCT FWTEJUGV\GP *GT\QI #NDGTV 8 FGT CO ,WNK #PPC FKG 6QEJVGT (GTFKPCPFU + XQP *CDUDWTI IGJGKTCVGV JCVVG GPVYKEMGNVG UKEJ ņ CWEJ OKV *KNHG FGT ,GUWKVGP ņ \W GKPGO FGT *CWRVXGTVTGVGT FGT )GIGPTGHQTOCVKQP KP &GWVUEJNCPF

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP FGU *GT\QIU #NDGTV 8 HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

BAYERN

2:1

5061

&#5 -74(ª456'067/ $#;'40

/CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJ )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , XQP ( # 5EJGIC CWH UGKPG )GOCJNKP /CTKC #PPC

Ó 6QEJVGT (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUVU ++ +++ -WTHÒTUV XQP 5CEJUGP WPF -ÌPKI XQP 2QNGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 1TFGPUDCPF WPF FGO 1TFGP XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKC #PPC N OO I )TQVGOG[GT * %\ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5NI /GTUGD p XIN 9KVV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT )QNFRCVKPC /CZKOKNKCP ,QUGRJ IGDQTGP CO /·T\ KP /ÒPEJGP YCT FGT GKP\KIG 5QJP -CTNU 8++ WPF FGT /CTKC #OCNKC FGT FKG 8QNNL·JTKIMGKV GTTGKEJVG 0CEJ FGO RNÌV\NKEJGP 6QF -CTNU 8++ CO ,CPWCT ÒDGPCJO FGT 'PMGN FGU -CKUGTU ,QUGH + WPF FGU -WTHÒTUVGP /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN FKG 4GIKGTWPI HÒJTVG PCEJ #DURTCEJG OKV -CTN 2JKNKRR XQP FGT 2HCN\ CD (GDTWCT FCU 4GKEJUXKMCTKCV WPF DGGPFGVG IGIGP FGP 9KNNGP (TCPMTGKEJU WPF 2TGWGPU OKV FGO 8GT\KEJV CWH CNNG #PURTÒEJG CWH FCU *CDUDWTIGT 'TDG KO (TKGFGP XQP (ÒUUGP CO #RTKN FGP ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI 6CIG PCEJ FGT *QEJ\GKV UGKPGT 5EJYGUVGT /CTKC #PVQPKC OKV FGO U·EJUKUEJGP -WTRTKP\GP (TKGFTKEJ %JTKUVKCP JGKTCVGVG /CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJ CO ,WNK KP /ÒPEJGP FGUUGP 5EJYGUVGT /CTKC #PPC FKG MGKPG -KPFGT IGD·TGP UQNNVG &KG DGKFGP *CWRVCPNKGIGP FGU -WTHÒTUVGP YCTGP FGT #WUDCW FGU DC[GTKUEJGP 4GEJVU WPF 8GTYCNVWPIUU[UVGOU UQYKG GKPG 4GIGNWPI HÒT UGKPG 0CEJHQNIG &CU GTUVG <KGN MQPPVG /CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJ XQT CNNGO FWTEJ FKG -QORGVGP\ FGU *QHMCP\NGTU 9KIWN·WU XQP -TGKVVOC[T GTTGKEJGP FGT 8K\GMCP\NGT YWTFG WPF UGKV CNU YKTMNKEJGT )GJGKOGT -CP\NGT FCU JÌEJUVG DC[GTKUEJG 5VCCVUCOV DGMNGKFGVG -TGKVVOC[T HÒJTVG GKPG DGFGWVGPFG 4GEJVUTGHQTO FWTEJ FKG KO YGUGPVNKEJGP CWU FGO %QFGZ KWTKU DCXCTKEK ETKOKPCNKU XQP FGO %QFGZ KWTKU DCXCTKEK KWFKEKCTKK XQP WPF FGO %QFGZ /CZKOKNKCPWU $CXCTKEWU EKXKNKU XQP DGUVCPF &GT ,WTKUV XGTHCVG KO ,CJT FCU DGFGWVGPFG 4GEJVUYGTM )TWPFTK FGU CNNIGOGKPGP FGWVUEJGP WPF DC[GTKUEJGP 5VCCVUTGEJVU &WTEJ YGKVIGJGPFG 5VGWGT WPF (KPCP\TGHQTOGP IGNCPI GU -WTHÒTUV /CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJ FKG XQT CNNGO XQP FGT -TKGIUHÒJTWPI UGKPGU 8CVGTU XGTWTUCEJVGP 5VCCVUUEJWNFGP \W TGFW\KGTGP 'KPGP ITQGP (QTVUEJTKVV KO )GKUVGUNGDGP DTCEJVG FKG )TÒPFWPI FGT $C[GTKUEJGP #MCFGOKG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP CO /·T\ FGO )GDWTVUVCI FGU -WTHÒTUVGP 9GUGPVNKEJ DGVGKNKIV CP FGT )TÒPFWPI YCTGP FGT /ÒPEJGPGT *QH WPF $GTITCV ,QJCPP )GQTI .QTK WPF FGT 1DTKUV /ÒP\OGKUVGT )TCH 5KIKUOWPF XQP *CKOJCWUGP FGT FGT GTUVG 2T·UKFGPV FGT #MCFGOKG YWTFG 7O FGO *CWU 9KVVGNUDCEJ UGKPG 0CEJHQNIG \W UKEJGTP UEJNQ -WTHÒTUV /CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJ CWH FGT )TWPFNCIG FGT 9KVVGNUDCEJKUEJGP *CWUWPKQP XQP UGKV 8GTVT·IG OKV -WTHÒTUV -CTN 6JGQFQT XQP FGT 2HCN\ UGKPGO RT·UWORVKXGP 0CEJHQNIGT #NU FGT MKPFGTNQUG DC[GTKUEJG -WTHÒTUV CO &G\GODGT KP /ÒPEJGP CP FGP $NCVVGTP UVCTD GTNQUEJ FCOKV FKG XQP -CKUGT .WFYKI +8 KO *CWUXGTVTCI XQP 2CXKC IGITÒPFGVG DC[GTKUEJG *CWRVNKPKG FGT 9KVVGNUDCEJGT 8QT CNNGO YGIGP FGT #PURTÒEJG FGU U·EJUKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV +++ FGU 0GHHGP /CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJU MCO GU \WO #WUDTWEJ FGU $C[GTKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGIGU FGT DKU \WO (TKGFGP XQP 6GUEJGP CO /CK FCWGTP UQNNVG

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5062

1,5:1

$4#0&'0$74) 24'755'0 &#5 -74(ª456'067/ $4#0&'0$74)

,QJCPP )GQTI )QNFGPGU -NGKPQF \W &WMCVGP #TDGKV CWU FGT )TWRRG FGU *CPU 'KEJJQTP (TCP\ (TKGFTKEJ CWH FGP 6QF FGU 4CVGU WPF )GUCPFVGP XQP -WTHÒTUV ,QCEJKO ++ #PFTGCU %\QEJ

Ó r #0&4'#5 r %<1%* 4CWVG & 4CWVG 6# 4CWVG 58 4CWVG < r #00 Û $TWUVDKNF %\QEJU HCUV X X OKV CWHIGUEJNCIGPGO 2GN\MTCIGP +84#8+6 Ü '6 Ü 010 Û &'%+2+'6 $GJGNOVGU \YGKHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OO I *CDKEJ ++ FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT &CU GKP\KI DGMCPPVG 'ZGORNCT 'PVHGTPVGT *GPMGN 8QT\ÒINKEJGT 1TKIKPCNIW XQP UEJÌPUVGT 'TJCNVWPI WPF JQJGT MÒPUVNGTKUEJGT 3WCNKV·V 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T FGT 5NI 8QIGN -WPUVOGFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GQ *CODWTIGT (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T WPF FGT 5NI XQP 9KNOGTUFÌTHHGT #WMVKQP ,QUGRJ *CODWTIGT (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T $GK FKGUGO -NGKPQF JCPFGNV GU UKEJ WO GKP 5VÒEM FCU WTURÒPINKEJ GKPGP *GPMGN JCVVG YGKN GU IGVTCIGP YGTFGP UQNNVG &GP *GPMGN JCV OCP UR·VGT GPVHGTPV 'U YKTF XGTOWVGV FC FGT /GFCKNNGWT FKGUGU 5VÒEMGU (TCP\ (TKGFTKEJ CWU FGT )TWRRG WO *CPU 'KEJJQTP YCT GKP 5EJÒNGT XQP (TCP\ 5EJGPEM 'T JCV HÒT FCU DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJG WPF CPJCNVKPKUEJG (ÒTUVGPJCWU IGCTDGKVGV 'U IKDV CWEJ /GFCKNNGP CWH 2TKXCVRGTUQPGP FKG CWU FGO 7OMTGKU FGU &TWEMGTU 'KEJJQTP CWU (TCPMHWTV 1FGT UVCOOGP UQ FC FKG 9GTMUVCVV FQTV \W XGTOWVGP KUV #PFTGCU %\QEJ

*CNNG Ó (TCPMHWTV 1FGT UVWFKGTVG KP .GKR\KI 9KVVGPDGTI WPF (TCPMHWTV 1FGT WPF RTQOQXKGTVG FQTV KO ,CJTG 'T YCT KO #WHVTCI FGU /CTMITCHGP ,QJCPP XQP $TCPFGPDWTI CO #DUEJNW FGU 2CUUCWGT 8GTVTCIGU OKVV·VKI WPF IKPI FCPCEJ CNU 2TQHGUUQT FGT 4GEJVG CP FKG 7PKXGTUKV·V (TCPMHWTV 1FGT 5GKP CWUFTWEMUXQNNGU 2QTVT·V YKTF CWH FKGUGO /GKUVGTYGTM FGT FGWVUEJGP 5R·VTGPCKUUCPEG KP DGGKPFTWEMGPFGT 9GKUG FCTIGUVGNNV

5064

5063

5064

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 24'755'0

(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP * ( $TCPFV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP $TWUVDKNFGT XQP /CTVKP .WVJGT

Ó WPF ,QJCPPGU %CNXKP

Ó PGDGPGKPCPFGT T #WHIGUEJNCIGPG $KDGN KP 5VTCJNGP OO I $QN\GPVJCN .GJPGTV

FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5NI 9JKVKPI FQTV KP 5KNDGT 'PVHGTPVG 6TCIGXQTTKEJVWPI 4CPF DGCTDGKVGV UQPUV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

9KNJGNO ++ -NGKPG )QNFOGFCKNNG KP /CTM )TÌG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FCU $ÒPFPKU \YKUEJGP FGO &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJ WPF ¤UVGTTGKEJ 7PICTP &KG WPKHQTOKGTVGP $TWUVDKNFGT XQP 9KNJGNO ++ WPF (TCP\ ,QUGH + PGDGPGKPCPFGT N 5VTCJNGPFGT 5VGTP ÒDGT \YGK -TQPGP OO I /CTKGPD p (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

BRAUNSCHWEIG UND LÜNEBURG

5065

$4#705%*9'+) 70& .ª0'$74) &#5 -74(ª456'067/ $4#705%*9'+) %#.'0$'4) *#0018'4

'TPUV #WIWUV UGKV $KUEJQH XQP 1UPCDTÒEM )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH UGKPG )GOCJNKP 5QRJKC XQP FGT 2HCN\

Ó 6QEJVGT (TKGFTKEJU 8 $TWUVDKNF FGT *GT\QIKP T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .CPFUEJCHV OKV $·WOGP KO *KPVGTITWPF N 5EJNQ T UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG QDGP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV 5'0<# 684$#4/+ #. (+0 / #%1561 OO I $TQEMOCPP 5VGORGT 5VGPUVTÌO 00 FQTV KP 5KNDGT 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 5QRJKC YCT FKG 6QEJVGT FGU WPINÒEMNKEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP (TKGFTKEJ XQP FGT 2HCN\ 9KPVGTMÌPKI WPF FGT 'NKUCDGVJ 5VWCTV FGT 6QEJVGT ,CEQDU + XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP 5KG YWTFG CO 1MVQDGT KP &GP *CCI IGDQTGP XGTDTCEJVG KJTG ,WIGPF KP *QNNCPF WPF YCT CWGTIGYÌJPNKEJ IGDKNFGV 5QRJKC XGTNQDVG UKEJ OKV )GQTI 9KNJGNO FGO ·NVGTGP $TWFGT XQP 'TPUV #WIWUV &KG 8GTNQDWPI YWTFG CDGT YKGFGT IGNÌUV WPF CWH 8QTUEJNCI XQP )GQTI 9KNJGNO HCPF FKG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV 'TPUV #WIWUV FGO LÒPIGTGP 5QJP XQP *GT\QI )GQTI UVCVV YWTFG 5QRJKC XQO GPINKUEJGP 2CTNCOGPV CNU 0CEJHQNIGTKP FGT TGIKGTGPFGP -ÌPKIKP #PPC \WT DTKVKUEJGP 6JTQPGTDKP FGMNCTKGTV CEV QH UGVVNGOGPV FQEJ UKG XGTUVCTD \YGK /QPCVG XQT -ÌPKIKP #PPC CO ,WPK 5QOKV VTCV KJT ·NVGUVGT 5QJP )GQTI .WFYKI FKG 6JTQPHQNIG CNU )GQTI + -ÌPKI XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP CP

5066

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGT 0KEJVG %JCTNQVVG (GNKEKVCU

Ó 6QEJVGT ,QJCPP (TKGFTKEJU OKV 4KPCNFQ F 'UVG

Ó TGI *GT\QI XQP /QFGPC WPF 4GIIKQ <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP 4QUGVVG WPVGP 2WPMV (NWIQVV NCIGTV PCEJ T CWH UVGKPKIGO )TWPF KP FGT .KPMGP (ÒNNJQTP JKPVGT UGKPGO -QRH 5EJNCPIGPTKPI 5[ODQN FGT 'YKIMGKV OKV FGT 4GEJVGP IKGV GT 9CUUGT CWU GKPGT 7TPG YGNEJGU UKEJ \W GKPGO (NW CWUDKNFGV WPF UKEJ KP \YGK 5VTÌOG VGKNV &KGUG DGKFGP FWTEJ FGP .ÒPGDWTIGT .ÌYGPUEJKNF WPF FGP #FNGTUEJKNF XQP /QFGPC IGMGPP\GKEJPGV YGTFGP CO 'PFG FWTEJ GKPGP -CPCN OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGP \YKUEJGP FGP 5VTÌOGP -TQPGP 5EJYGTV <GRVGT .CP\G WPF (CJPG OO I $TQEMOCPP 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N $GCTDGKVWPIUUVGNNG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG WPF CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ %JCTNQVVG (GNKEKVCU YWTFG CNU \YGKVG 6QEJVGT XQP *GT\QI ,QJCPP (TKGFTKEJ WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP $GPGFKEVG *GPTKGVVG 2JKNKRRKPG IGDQTGP WPF UVCTD CO 5GRVGODGT $GK FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG JCPFGNV GU UKEJ WO GKPGP 'PVYWTH XQP ) 9 .GKDPK\ FGT \GKIGP YKNN YKG CWU FGT 9WT\GN FGT /CTMITCHGP XQP 'UVG UQYQJN FCU )GUEJNGEJV FGT 9GNHGP CNU CWEJ FCU FGT *GT\ÌIG XQP /QFGPC GTYWEJUGP WPF YKGFGT XGTDWPFGP YGTFGP

EMDEN

5067 1,5:1

&+' 56#&6 $4'5.#7

1,5:1

$4'5.#7

)QNFOGFCKNNG XQP . 0GWHCJTGT CWH FGP $TGUNCWGT *CWRVOCPP WPF 4CVUJGTTP 0KMQNCWU ,GPMYKV\

Ó $TWUVDKNF XQP ,GPMYKV\ T $GJGNOVGU (COKNKGPYCRRGP OO I ( W 5 *CDKEJ + 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV *GTXQTTCIGPFGU 4GPCKUUCPEGRQTVT·V KP CWGTIGYÌJPNKEJGT 3WCNKV·V XQT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KGUG /GFCKNNG KUV FKG GKP\KIG 2T·IGOGFCKNNG .WFYKI 0GWHCJTGTU CWH GKPG 2TKXCVRGTUQP 5KG YWTFG YCJTUEJGKPNKEJ CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU 4CVUJGTTP IGRT·IV 0KMQNCWU ,GPMYKV\

$TGUNCW Ó UVWFKGTVG KP 9KVVGPDGTI TGKUVG FWTEJ &GWVUEJNCPF (TCPMTGKEJ WPF +VCNKGP MGJTVG GT PCEJ $TGUNCW \WTÒEM WPF YWTFG MÌPKINKEJGT /CPP 4CVUJGTT WPF *CWRVOCPP 'T YCT XGTO·JNV OKV /CIFCNGPC 4GKPJQNFKP XQP $TGKVGPDCEJ OKV FGT GT XKGT 6ÌEJVGT WPF \YGK 5ÌJPG JCVVG

1,5:1

5068

&+' 56#&6 '/&'0

5068

'/&'0

)QNFGPG 8KGT\KIGT /GFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 8KGT\KIGT -QNNGIKWOU 58$ 8/$4# #.#48/ 68#48/ *CHGP WPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV QDGP IGMTÌPVGT RTGWKUEJGT #FNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP WPVGP IGMTÌPVGU 5VCFVYCRRGP \YKUEJGP 2CNO\YGKIGP \W FGP 5GKVGP 08// %1..Ü :.Ü 8+4Ü %+8Ü '/$Ü %% KP -TCP\ FCTWPVGT 69'' ''79'0 *+'.& )1&5 56'4-' *#0& *'6 9'4- &'4 8''46+)'0 +0 56#0& 1/ 8'+.+)*'+& #0 4')6 '0 9'66'0 8#0 '/&'05 $74) 4'0 $; 6' 5'66'0 )1& 10&'45%*4##) *'0 56''&5 /'6 -4#%*6 616 *'+. 8114 6 .##656' 0#)'5.#%*6 & /#; 5#.85 2128 .+ 5824'/# .': '561 WPVGP JCNVGP \YGK CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG GKP <GRVGT FCTÒDGT -TQPG WPF )KTNCPFG OO I -P[RJ XIN FQTV KP 5KNDGT 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 4CPFHGJNGT HGKPG -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 59

HAMBURG

5069 1,5:1

&+' 56#&6 (4#0-(746

1,5:1

(4#0-(746

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , PCEJ XQP , -KVVGN CWH FKG -TÌPWPI .GQRQNFU + \WO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT KO ,CJT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF .GQRQNFU + T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN <YGK CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG #TOG JCNVGP 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT IGMTGW\V XQP -TQPG WOUEJNQUUGP WPVGP IGMTÌPVGT )NQDWU QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG KP 9QNMGP OO I (D p XIN C FQTV CNU HCEJGT &WMCV (ÌTUEJPGT p XIN FQTV CNU HCEJGT &WMCV , W ( p

XIN FQTV CNU HCEJGT &WMCV 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JÒDUEJGT )QNFRCVKPC YKP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

5070 1,5:1

&+' 56#&6 *#/$74)

1,5:1

*#/$74)

5CVKTKUEJG )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG $GUVGEJNKEJMGKV FGT MCKUGTNKEJGP -QOOKUUKQP *CPF OKV )GNFUVÒEMGP 8QT )GUKEJV IGURTGK\VG *CPF OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT )CGF ++ 5 FQTV KP 5KNDGT 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ )GIGP 'PFG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU ICD GU KO 8GTJ·NVPKU \YKUEJGP 4CV WPF $ÒTIGTUEJCHV VKGHITGKHGPFG RQNKVKUEJG #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP FKG FWTEJ FCU 'KPITGKHGP GKPKIGT FGOCIQIKUEJGT 2CUVQTGP PQEJ XGTUEJ·THV YWTFGP 'U MCO \W GKPGO YGKVIGJGPFGP <GTHCNN FGT UVCCVNKEJGP 1TFPWPI UQ FC UEJNKGNKEJ FGT -CKUGT GKPITGKHGP OWVG WPF GKPG -QOOKUUKQP WPVGT FGO )TCHGP *WIQ &COKCP XQP 5EJÌPDQTP PCEJ *CODWTI GPVUCPFVG &KGUGT -QOOKUUKQP IGNCPI GU KP WOUKEJVKIGT 9GKUG OKV FGO UQIGPCPPVGP *CWRVTG\G GKP )GUGV\GUYGTM \W UEJCHHGP FCU FKG 4GEJVG XQP 5GPCV WPF $ÒTIGTUEJCHV TGIGNVG WPF HÒT ,CJTG $GUVCPF JCDGP UQNNVG &KG XQTNKGIGPFG 5RQVVOGFCKNNG GPVUVCOOV XGTOWVNKEJ FGT <GKV FGT MCKUGTNKEJGP -QOOKUUKQP

5071

2QTVWICNÌUGT \W /CTM XQP ( 5EJCRGT CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU 4GKEJUITÒPFGTU (ÒTUV 1VVQ XQP $KUOCTEM

5EJÌPJCWUGP Ó (TKGFTKEJUTWJ IGYKFOGV XQP FGT 5VCFV *CODWTI $ÒUVG JCNDN FCPGDGP FCU *CODWTIGT 5VCFVYCRRGP $KUOCTEM CNU 5V )GQTI TGKVGV T WPF VÌVGV FGP &TCEJGP OKV FGT .CP\G OO I $GPPGTV )CGF 0CEJVTCI )GUEJKEJVG KP )QNF 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT &TCEJG U[ODQNKUKGTV FKG <YKGVTCEJV FKG FWTEJ $KUOCTEMU 4GKEJUITÒPFWPI ÒDGTYWPFGP YWTFG

PFALZ

5072

&#5 $+567/ /ª056'4

/ª056'4

%JTKUVQRJ $GTPJCTF XQP )CNGP &WMCVGP WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT 5VCFV /ÒPUVGT FWTEJ DKUEJÌHNKEJG WPF MCKUGTNKEJG 6TWRRGP 5VCFVCPUKEJV QDGP FCU $TWUVDKNF FGU JGKNKIGP 2CWNWU OKV 5EJYGTV KP 9QNMGP (ÒPHHCEJ DGJGNOVGU UGEJUHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP 5VTQODGTI /ÒPUVGT $QTMGNQ OKV FGO (COKNKGPYCRRGP XQP )CNGP CNU /KVVGNUEJKNF FCJKPVGT -TWOOUVCD WPF 5EJYGTV IGMTGW\V OO I &GVJNGHU # D (D 5EJWN\G D NGKEJV XCT 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 0CEJ FGO 6QF (GTFKPCPFU IGNCPI GU %JTKUVQRJ $GTPJCTF XQP )CNGP UKEJ KP FGT $KUEJQHUYCJN XQT CNNGO IGIGP FGP &QOFGMCP XQP /CNNKPEMTQFV FWTEJ\WUGV\GP 'T QTICPKUKGTVG FCU $KUVWO /ÒPUVGT UQ GPGTIKUEJ WPF ITÒPFNKEJ FC GT PGDGP FWTEJITGKHGPFGP 4GHQTOGP FGT 8GTYCNVWPI WPF FGU -KTEJGP WPF 5EJWNYGUGPU CWEJ FKG #WHUVGNNWPI UEJNCIMT·HVKIGT 6TWRRGP DGYGTMUVGNNKIGP MQPPVG &WTEJ OKNKV·TKUEJG 1RGTCVKQPGP KP FGP -TKGIGP IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP WPF IGIGP FKG 0KGFGTNCPFG GTYCTD GT KO 8QNMUOWPF FGP $GKPCOGP -CPQPGP $GTPJCTF +P FGT 5VCFV /ÒPUVGT ICD GU /KVVG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU $GUVTGDWPIGP FKG 4GKEJUHTGKJGKV \W GTNCPIGP $KUEJQH %JTKUVQRJ $GTPJCTF XQP )CNGP XGTUWEJVG CPHCPIU PQEJ OKV FKRNQOCVKUEJGP /KVVGNP FKG FKEMMÌRHKIGP 5VCFVX·VGT FKG KJO YGFGT FKG TKEJVGTNKEJG 'PVUEJGKFWPI KP KJTGP 5VTGKVKIMGKVGP \WIGUVGJGP PQEJ GKPG )CTPKUQP KP KJTGP /CWGTP CWHPGJOGP YQNNVGP \WO )GJQTUCO \W DGYGIGP 5EJNKGNKEJ MCO GU CO ,WNK \WT $GNCIGTWPI FGT 5VCFV FWTEJ DKUEJÌHNKEJG WPF MCKUGTNKEJG 6TWRRGP &KG FCFWTEJ CWUDTGEJGPFG ITQG 0QV \YCPI /ÒPUVGT CO 0GWLCJTUVCI \W 8GTJCPFNWPIGP OKV FGO $KUEJQH &GT 8GTVTCI \WT ªDGTICDG FGT 5VCFV MCO CO /·T\ \WUVCPFG

5073

1,5:1

&#5 -74(ª456'067/ 2(#.<

2(#.<

,QJCPP -CUKOKT )QNFGPG )WOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP WPUKIPKGTV XQP % FG NC %NQEJG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV /ÒJNUVGKPMTCIGP WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KCOCPVTKPI FGT QDGP KP \YGK KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG GPFGV FKG FGP XKGTHGNFKIGP 9CRRGPUEJKNF CP GKPGO $CPF JCNVGP FCXQT .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI IGMTGW\V OO I 5NI /GOOGUJ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5VGORGT 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV *GPMGNURWT XQT\ÒINKEJGT HGKP \KUGNKGTVGT )W 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI 8KTIKN / $TCPF 6GKN #WMVKQP .GW 0WOKUOCVKM #) <ÒTKEJ 0T 'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH 5QRJKC XQP FGT 2HCN\ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 2(#.< 0'7$74)

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI XQP #PPC /CTKC 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU 2JKNKRR .WFYKI XQP 2HCN\ 0GWDWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 61

SACHSEN

5074

1,5:1

5#%*5'0aaaa &#5 -74(ª456'067/ 5#%*5'0

,QJCPP )GQTI + )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP 2 9CNVGT CWH FCU 0GWG ,CJT 5RCVGP WPF 5EJYGTV IGMTGW\V N 5EJKNF T JTGP QDGP -GNEJ CWH CWHIGUEJNCIGPGO $WEJ FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGT )QVVGUPCOG \YKUEJGP 2CNO\YGKIGP 5VTCJNGPFGU &TGKGEM OKV FGO 0COGP ,GJQXCU FCTÒDGT IGMTGW\VG 2CNO\YGKIG OO I )TWPF 9 5NI /GTUGD p 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT

5075

1,5:1

(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO XQP 9GKOCT CNU #FOKPKUVTCVQT FGU -WTHÒTUVGPVWOU 5CEJUGP )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP 6 9QNHH CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV #PPC /CTKC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU 2JKNKRR .WFYKI XQP 2HCN\ 0GWDWTI CO 5GRVGODGT (4+ Û 9+. Û & Ù ) Û & Û 5 Û '. Û #&/ Û #0 Û /#4+# %1 Û 2# Û 4* $GKFGT $TWUVDKNFGT PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 5+0%'41 #/14' %10+8)8/ +0 14$' 0+. +8%80&+85 'PIGN OKV CWUIGDTGKVGVGP (NÒIGNP UVGJV X X WPF J·NV FCU U·EJUKUEJG D\Y RHCN\ DC[GTKUEJG 9CRRGP OO I 5NI /GTUGD

FQTV CNU 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG WPVGT 5CEJUGPp9GKOCT 5VGORGT 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV )GRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCN 5EJCTH CWUIGRT·IVGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT )QNFVÌPWPI 0CEJFGO -WTHÒTUV %JTKUVKCP + IGUVQTDGP YCT ÒDGTPCJO *GT\QI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO FKG 8QTOWPFUEJCHV ÒDGT FGUUGP FTGK 5ÌJPG %JTKUVKCP ++ ,QJCPP )GQTI + WPF #WIWUV <WINGKEJ ÒDGTPCJO GT FKG #FOKPKUVTCVKQP FGT -WTYÒTFG FKG GT DKU \WO 5GRVGODGT HÒJTVG

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG Q , CWH FKG RQNPKUEJ U·EJUKUEJG 2TKP\GUUKP /CTKC #PPC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 62

SPEYER

5076 1,5:1

1,5:1

5%*.'5+'0 &#5 *'4<1)67/ /ª056'4$'4) 1'.5

*GKPTKEJ 9GP\GN CNNGKP )QNFGPGT QXCNGT )PCFGPRHGPPKI WPUKIPKGTV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN (ÒPHHCEJ DGJGNOVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF Z OO I ( W 5 44 (GNFGT HGKP ÒDGTCTDGKVGV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T )PCFGPRHGPPKIG YCTGP FKG 8QTN·WHGT FGT UR·VGTGP 1TFGP 5KG FKGPVGP FGO INGKEJGP <YGEM P·ONKEJ XGTFKGPVG 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKVGP CWU\W\GKEJPGP &GT 5RTWEJ CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG RCV FC\W 57((+%+6 Û /+*+ Û )4#6+# Û 68# Û &1/+0' Û /KT IGPÒIV FGKPG )PCFG Q *GTT +P GTUVGT .KPKG DG\KGJV UKEJ FGT 5RTWEJ CWH )QVV MCPP UKEJ CDGT CWEJ CP FGP (ÒTUVGP TKEJVGP

5077

1,5:1

&#5 $+567/ 52';'4

52';'4

&COKCP *WIQ XQP 5EJÌPDQTP UGKV -QCFLWVQT )QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP ) 9 8GUVPGT CWH UGKPGP 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 2[TCOKFG OKV 5VKHV YCRRGP WPF $KUEJQHUKPUKIPKGP FCXQT IGMTÌPVGT .ÌYG N T NCIGTV GKP (NWIQVV PCEJ N FGP NKPMGP #TO CWH 3WGNNWTPG IGNGIV N 9CUUGTIQVV FGT OKV FGT 4GEJVGP GDGPHCNNU GKPG 3WGNNWTPG J·NV OO I $GTPJGKOGT 'JTGPF C 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JÒDUEJGT )QNFRCVKPC -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT CO 4CPF YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T &KG -CTTKGTG XQP &COKCP *WIQ XQP 5EJÌPDQTP YCT DGOGTMGPUYGTV XKGNUGKVKI 0CEJ 5VWFKGP KP 4QO .GKFGP WPF .GWXGP WPF /KNKV·TFKGPUV CNU 1HHK\KGT KP FGT 4GKEJUCTOGG VTCV GT KP FGP &GWVUEJGP 1TFGP GKP 8QP DKU DGOÒJVG GT UKEJ CNU 4GKEJUMQOOKUUCT WO FKG 8GTGKPJGKVNKEJWPI FGT *CODWTIGT 4GEJVUXGTJ·NVPKUUG FCPCEJ YKTMVG GT DKU CNU MCKUGTNKEJGT )GUCPFVGT KP $GTNKP WPF YCT XQP DKU 2T·UKFGPV FGU \WT $GGPFKIWPI FGU 0QTFKUEJGP -TKGIGU \WUCOOGPIGVTGVGPGP $TCWPUEJYGKIGT -QPITGUUGU -CKUGT -CTN 8+ MQPPVG VTQV\ 9KFGTUVCPFGU FGU 2CRUVGU FKG 'TPGPPWPI &COKCP *WIQU \WO -CTFKPCN FWTEJUGV\GP YWTFG FGT HT·PMKUEJG #FGNKIG \WO -QCFLWVQT FGU 5RG[GTGT $KUEJQHU GTPCPPV YWTFG &COKCP *WIQ $KUEJQH XQP 5RG[GT CWEJ $KUEJQH XQP -QPUVCP\ 'T XGTNGIVG FKG 4GUKFGP\ XQP 5RG[GT PCEJ $TWEJUCN KP FCU XQP KJO PGW GTDCWVG 5EJNQ &GT $KUEJQH MQPPVG FWTEJ UGKPG IGUEJKEMVG 9KTVUEJCHVURQNKVKM WPF UQTIH·NVKIG (KPCP\XGTYCNVWPI UQYQJN UGKP MQUVURKGNKIGU $CWRTQITCOO HKPCP\KGTGP CNU CWEJ GKPG DGFGWVGPFG )GNFTGUGTXG XQP /KNNKQPGP )WNFGP CWHDCWGP

WUPPERTAL

5078

6*740 70& 6#:+5 &+' (ª456'0 810 6*740 70& 6#:+5

%CTN #PUGNO )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP , / $ÒEMNG CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI XQP (TKGFDGTI WPF 5EJGGT $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .QTDGGTMTCP\ ÒDGT FGP 9CRRGP XQP (TKGFDGTI WPF 5EJGGT FCTÒDGT D\Y \W FGP 5GKVGP HÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I $KPFGT (QTUVGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5079

#NDGTV )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP %JT .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV /CTICTGVJG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU 'T\JGT\QIU ,QUGRJ -CTN .WFYKI XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ CO ,WNK Ë #.$'4675 Û 24+0% Ù &' Û 6744+ Û '6 Û 6#:+5 É /#4)#4'6*# Û 24+0% Ù 0#6# #4%*+& Ù #7564+#' &KG -ÌRHG FGU (ÒTUVGPRCCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT N &KG XQP GKPGO .ÌYGP WPF GKPGO )TGKH IGJCNVGPGP IGMTÌPVGP #NNKCP\YCRRGP CWH IGMTÌPVGO *GTOGNKPOCPVGN FCTWPVGT FKG TÌOKUEJG ,CJTGU\CJN OO I 5NI 9KNO p 5NI 9WTUVGT p 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI 8QIGN 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG GJGOCNU TGKEJUWPOKVVGNDCTG (COKNKG 6JWTP WPF 6CZKU YWTFG KP FGP 4GKEJUHÒTUVGPUVCPF GTJQDGP WPF KUV FWTEJ KJTG 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU 2QUVYGUGP KP &GWVUEJNCPF DGTÒJOV IGYQTFGP +JTGP 9QJPUKV\ JCV FKG (COKNKG KP FGT /KVVG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU XQP (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP PCEJ 4GIGPUDWTI XGTNGIV #NDGTV /CTKC ,QUGRJ /CZKOKNKCP .COQTCN (ÒTUV XQP 6JWTP WPF 6CZKU YWTFG CO /CK KP 4GIGPUDWTI IGDQTGP WPF UVCTD GDGPHCNNU FQTV CO ,CPWCT 'T XGTO·JNVG UKEJ KP $WFCRGUV OKV /CTICTGVJC XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ FKG CO ,WNK CWH $WTI #NEUÐV 7PICTP IGDQTGP YWTFG WPF CO /CK KP 4GIGPUDWTI XGTUVCTD

5080

9722'46#. &'4 9722'46#.'4 56#&66'+. '.$'4('.&

)QNFCDUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGT $TQVOCTMG WPUKIPKGTV FGU 'NDGTHGNFGT -QTPXGTGKPU HÒT GKP $TQV 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 9GTVCPICDG + $41& OO I 5EJWNVGP C 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 0WT 5VÒEM IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ FGT /KGTPVG FGU ,CJTGU WPVGTPCJOGP YGKVUKEJVKIG -CWHNGWVG KP 'NDGTHGNF DKU \WT $KNFWPI XQP 9WRRGTVCN KO ,CJT GKIGPUV·PFKIG )TQUVCFV GKPG #MVKQP \WT $TQVXGTDKNNKIWPI FKG UQICT GKPGP ªDGTUEJW GTYKTVUEJCHVGVG FGT FGP (QPFU HÒT GKP -TCPMGPJCWU DKNFGVG <WT 5VGWGTWPI YWTFG GKPG /CTMG KP -WRHGT $TQP\G CWUIGIGDGP HÒT FKG GJTGPCOVNKEJGP 8GTVGKNGT YWTFGP 5KNDGTCDUEJN·IG HÒT FKG 5VKHVGT )QNFCDUEJN·IG IGOCEJV

WEIMARER REPUBLIK

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5081

5082 1,5:1

5CVKTKUEJGT &WMCV CWH FKG FGUCUVTÌUGP OQPGV·TGP 8GTJ·NVPKUUG Y·JTGPF FGT +PHNCVKQP 4'27&+#6+10 &GT &GWVUEJG /KEJGN XGTURGKUV &WMCVGP WPF UEJGKFGV 2CRKGTIGNF CWU NKPMU &7- 52 + TGEJVU 2#2 5%* + WPVGP \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 91 +56 &#5 8+'.' )76' )'.& 5+'* 81.- 9#5 *+'4 *'4706'4 ( ..6 '+0 &7-#6'0 #75$'76' <'*0 $+..+10'0 +0(.#6+10 &TGK 9CRRGPUEJKNFG FCTÒDGT 5EJTKHV 51 .'$'0 9+4 81/ 2#2+'4 WPVGP GDGPHCNNU 5EJTKHV $+5 #..'5 &'4 6GWHGN N·WHV T *1.6 I 5EJN 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T +P FGP HQNIGPFGP ,CJTGP PCEJ FGO 8GTVTCI XQP 8GTUCKNNGU DGOÒJVG UKEJ &GWVUEJNCPF FCU FGP 8GTVTCI CM\GRVKGTV JCVVG KP FGT 6CV \KGONKEJ GPVUEJKGFGP FKG CWHGTNGIVGP 4GRCTCVKQPGP \W DG\CJNGP &CU 5VGWGTU[UVGO YWTFG OCUUKX IGUV·TMV KO XQTJGTKIGP 4GIKGTWPIUU[UVGO YCT GU YGKVIGJGPF FGP .·PFGTP XQTDGJCNVGP FKTGMVG 5VGWGTP \W GTJGDGP &KG 'KPMÒPHVG GPVURTCEJGP LGFQEJ PKEJV FGP 'THQTFGTPKUUGP =ő? 'U ICD MGKPG #NVGTPCVKXG \WT 8GTUEJWNFWPI WPF KO .CWH FGT <GKV DGUVTKVV FKG 4GIKGTWPI GKPGP KOOGT ITÌGTGP 6GKN KJTGT #WUICDGP CWH -TGFKV +P (QNIG UVKGIGP FKG 2TGKUG WPF FKG /GPUEJGP NGGTVGP KJTG $CPM WPF 5RCTMQPVGP WO KJT )GNF INGKEJ CWU\WIGDGP FCOKV UKG IGIGP -CWHMTCHVXGTNWUVG IGUEJÒV\V YCTGP &KG 2TGKUG UVKGIGP PWP V·INKEJ DCNF UVÒPFNKEJ &GT GKP\KIG 5EJWV\ YCT UVCVV $CPMIWVJCDGP 2CRKGTIGNF \W DGUKV\GP FCU UEJPGNN CWUIGIGDGP YGTFGP MQPPVG 9·JTGPF FGU ICP\GP ,CJTGU UQ KUV GT\·JNV YQTFGP YCT TWPF FKG *·NHVG CNNGT &TWEMGTGKGP KP &GWVUEJNCPF FCOKV DGUEJ·HVKIV )GNF \W FTWEMGP =ő? +O 5QOOGT IGNCPI GU GKPGO COGTKMCPKUEJGP -QPITGCDIGQTFPGVGP GKPG MNGKPG (WPQVG KP FGT )GUEJKEJVG JGTXQT\WDTKPIGP CNU GT HÒT UKGDGP &QNNCT /KNNKCTFGP /CTM GKPVCWUEJVG FCPP /KNNKCTFGP /CTM HÒT FCU 'UUGP KP GKPGO 4GUVCWTCPV DG\CJNVG WPF /KNNKQPGP /CTM 6TKPMIGNF ICD

3WGNNG ,QJP -GPPGVJ )CNDTCKVJ &KG )GUEJKEJVG FGT 9KTVUEJCHV KO ,CJTJWPFGTV

)QNFOGFCKNNG \W &WMCVGP XQP # *QNN CWH FKG 6TCPUCVNCPVKMHCJTV FGU .WHVUEJKHHU .<

<4 +++ 755 .QU #PIGNGU XQP (TKGFTKEJUJCHGP PCEJ .CMGJWTUV 0GY ,GTUG[ 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU $GITÒPFGTU FGU .WHVUEJKHHDCWU (GTFKPCPFU )TCH XQP <GRRGNKP

Ó T &CU .WHVUEJKHH .< HNKGIV N ÒDGT 0GY ;QTM /KV 4CPFRWP\G -TGKU <YGKI ( <YGKI OO I -CKUGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5083

5084

)QNFOGFCKNNG XQP 1 )NÌEMNGT CWH FGP 1UV 9GUV 1\GCPHNWI FGU (NWI\GWIGU $TGOGP &KG $TWUVDKNFGT XQP , % (KV\OCWTKEG -QRKNQV Ó ) XQP *ÒPGHGNF +PKVKCVQT Ó WPF *GTOCPP -ÌJN 2KNQV Ó PGDGPGKPCPFGT T &KG $TGOGP HNKGIV T KP 9QNMGP ÒDGT FGP #VNCPVKM /KV 4CPFITCXWT 24'755 Ü 56##65/7'0<' Û )1.& ('+0 OO I -CKUGT 5EJN 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP , $GTPJCTV CWH FGP )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN WPF 4GKEJURT·UKFGPVGP 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI WPF $GPGEMGPFQTHH

Ó -QRH N <YGKHCEJ DGJGNOVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP /KV 4CPFITCXWT 24'755 56##65/7'0<' Û )1.& ('+0 OO I 5EJN XCT 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

WEIMARER REPUBLIK

5085

)QNFOCTM WPUKIPKGTV 2T·IWPI FGU 0ÒTPDGTIGT )QNFUEJOKGFU ,QUGH 9KNF #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 9GTVCPICDG OO I (KUEJGT 5EJN 9 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI *GTDGTV , 'TNCPIGT #WMVKQP $CPM .GW #) <ÒTKEJ /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGPJCPFNWPI 5VWVVICTV <ÒTKEJ 0T ,QUGH 9KNF YWTFG CO /·T\ KP 0ÒTPDGTI IGDQTGP 0CEJ FGP .GJT WPF )GUGNNGPLCJTGP ÒDVG GT UGKP -WPUVJCPFYGTM UGKV CNU )QNFUEJOKGFGOGKUVGT WPF UGNDUV·PFKIGT ,WYGNKGT KP GKPGO IGOKGVGVGP .CFGP KP 0ÒTPDGTI CWU 9·JTGPF FGT +PHNCVKQPU\GKV PCEJ FGO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI CNU FGT *ÌJGRWPMV FGT )GNFGPVYGTVWPI KO ,CJTG GTTGKEJV YCT DGICPP 9KNF OKVVGNU GKPGT GTYQTDGPGP 2T·IGOCUEJKPG /ÒP\GP JGT\WUVGNNGP CWH FGPGP FGT 9GTV KP )QNFOCTM D\Y &WMCVGP CPIGIGDGP YCT YQDGK GT GKPGO &WMCVGP \GJP )QNFOCTM INGKEJUGV\VG 9KNF YQNNVG UQ FGO FGWVUEJGP 8QNM FWTEJ UGKPG )QNFOCTMRT·IWPIGP CPUVGNNG FGT YGTVNQUGP )GNFUEJGKPG FKG CWH /KNNKQPGP /KNNKCTFGP WPF $KNNKQPGP NCWVGVGP YKGFGT GKPGP UKEJGTGP 9GTVOGUUGT IGDGP WPF FGP XGT\YGKHGNPFGP /GPUEJGP \GKIGP YCU ÒDGTJCWRV GKPG )QNFOCTM KUV PCEJ FGT +PFWUVTKG WPF *CPFYGTM *CPFGN WPF )GYGTDG +ORQTVGWTG WPF 'ZRQTVGWTG TGEJPGVGP &KG JGTIGUVGNNVGP /ÒP\GP YWTFGP LGFQEJ UQHQTV YGIGP FGU IGUGV\NKEJGP )GNFCWUICDGOQPQRQNU FGT 4GKEJUDCPM WPVGTUCIV #NU 9KNF LGFQEJ DGICPP 4GKEJUIQNFOÒP\GP JGT\WUVGNNGP DGIKPI GT FCOKV FCU 8GTDTGEJGP FGT (CNUEJOÒP\GTGK 'T MCO KP *CHV WPF YWTFG UR·VGT YGIGP GKPGT UEJYGTGP 'TMTCPMWPI KP FCU UV·FVKUEJG -TCPMGPJCWU 0ÒTPDGTI XGTNGIV YQ GT CO /·T\ KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP XGTUVCTD

5086

5088

5087

)QNFOGFCKNNG XQP 1 )NÌEMNGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 5GFCPUEJNCEJV KO &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGI &KG $TWUVDKNFGT XQP 1VVQ (ÒTUV XQP $KUOCTEM 4GKEJUMCP\NGT Ó #NDTGEJV )TCH XQP 4QQP )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN Ó WPF *GNOWVJ XQP /QNVMG )GPGTCNHGNF OCTUEJCNN Ó PGDGPGKPCPFGT N &GT FGWVUEJG #FNGT DGUKGIV FGP ICNNKUEJGP *CJP /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5 %*5 Ü / Ü H OO I $WEJJQN\ (TKGF FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

)QNFOGFCKNNG XQP 1 )NÌEMNGT CWH FGP #WGPOKPKUVGT )WUVCX 5VTGUGOCPP

Ó WPF FKG 4JGKPNCPFT·WOWPI $ÒUVG 5VTGUGOCPPU JCNDN /CPP UEJTGKVGV T XQT KJO MPKGV GKPG (TCW PCEJ N OKV IGURTGPIVGT -GVVG KO *KPVGTITWPF CWHIGJGPFG 5QPPG /KV 4CPFITCXWT 24'755 Ü 56##65/7'0<' Û )1.& ('+0 OO I 5EJN 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

)QNFOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP FGWVUEJGP +PFWUVTKGNNGP +PIGPKGWT WPF 'THKPFGT 4QDGTV $QUEJ

Ó )TÒPFGT FGT 'NGMVTQOCTMG $QUEJ $TWUVDKNF $QUEJU X X .GKVURTWEJ $QUEJU .KGDGT )GNF XGTNKGTGP CNU 8GTVTCWGP KP HÒPH <GKNGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G -TGKU <YGKI ( <YGKI OO I 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND

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5089

)QNFOGFCKNNG XQP 1 )NÌEMNGT CWH FKG 'TPGPPWPI #FQNH *KVNGTU

Ó \WO 4GKEJU MCP\NGT $TWUVDKNF *KVNGTU N #FNGT OKV \GTTKUUGPGP -GVVGP /KV 4CPFITCXWT 24'755 Ü 56##65 /7'0<' Û )1.& ('+0 OO I %QND * %p /CVVRT·IWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

)1.&/'&#+..'0 &'4 $70&'54'27$.+- &'765%*.#0&

5090

5091

5092

)QNFOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT '< XGTDWPFGP CWH FGP 2QNKVKMGT -QPTCF #FGPCWGT

Ó FGWVUEJGT $WPFGUMCP\NGT -QRH #FGPCWGTU N 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UKV\V PCEJ N OKV ¤N\YGKI WPF 5EJKNF OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

)QNFOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT *( 'PVYWTH XQP 5 &CNK CWH FGP 6QF FGU 2QNKVKMGTU -QPTCF #FGPCWGT

Ó FGWVUEJGT $WPFGUMCP\NGT -QRH #FGPCWGTU X X &CTUVGNNWPI XQP &CNKU /GFKVCVKXGT 4QUG OKV 5KIPCVWT /KV (GKPIGJCNVURWP\G CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG WPF GKPIGRWP\VGT 5GTKGPPWOOGT KO 4CPF OO I (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG VT·IV CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GKPG HCNUEJG ,CJTGU\CJN KP TÌOKUEJGP <KHHGTP #NU 5VGTDGLCJT OÒVG /%/.:8++ UVGJGP UVCVV FGUUGP VT·IV FKG /GFCKNNG FKG <KHHGTPMQODKPCVKQP /%/&:8++ FKG GU KO TÌOKUEJGP <CJNGPU[UVGO PKEJV IKDV ªDGT -QPTCF #FGPCWGT UKPF OGJTGTG $ÒEJGT OKV #PGMFQVGP XQP 9CNVGT *GPMGNU FGO $QPPGT -QTTGURQPFGPVGP FGT (TCPMHWTVGT #NNIGOGKPGP WPF GKPGO 8GTVTCWVGP FGU $WPFGUMCP\NGTU GTUEJKGPGP #FGPCWGT YCT DGTGKVU ,CJTG CNV CNU GT \WO GTUVGP /CN \WO $WPFGUMCP\NGT IGY·JNV YWTFG 'KPG FGT #PGMFQVGP XQP 9CNVGT *GPMGNU 'U UQNNVG WPVGT MGKPGP 7OUV·PFGP XGTCNNIGOGKPGTV YGTFGP NKG #FGPCWGT YKUUGP FC GKP 5KGD\KI QFGT #EJV\KIL·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ÒEM FCU UT OW YGI 'U IKPI PKEJV WO FKG (WPMVKQP GKPGU 5VGORGNU GT YQNNVG PKEJV CNV UGKP &KG 4QUG UVGJV CNU 5[ODQN HÒT FGP 4QUGP\ÒEJVGT -QPTCF #FGPCWGT

)QNFOGFCKNNG XQP ' (WEJU CWH FGP 2QNKVKMGT -QPTCF #FGPCWGT

Ó FGWVUEJGT $WPFGU MCP\NGT $ÒUVG #FGPCWGTU JCNDN 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV -TCP\ KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP UKV\V PCEJ N CWH 5VKGT FGP -QRH \WTÒEMIGYCPFV KO *KPVGTITWPF UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG QDGP 5EJTKHV KP \YGK <GKNGP %105'48#4' '7412# /KV GKPIGRWP\VGT 5GTKGPPWOOGT KO 4CPF OO I 5VGORGNINCP\ 'TPUV (WEJU IGDQTGP (GDTWCT KUV CNU ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGT /CNGT #TEJKVGMV WPF )TCHKMGT GKP DGFGWVGPFGT )TÒPFGT FGT 9KGPGT 5EJWNG FGU 2JCPVCUVKUEJGP 4GCNKUOWU /KV FKGUGT /GFCKNNG JCV GT GKP MÒPUVNGTKUEJ TGCNKUVKUEJGU 2QTVT·V FGU GTUVGP FGWVUEJGP $WPFGUMCP\NGTU IGUEJCHHGP

'KPG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU UQYLGVKUEJGP 5VCCVUEJGHU /KEJCKN )QTDCVUEJQY HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 67

OLYMPISCHE SIEGERMEDAILLE

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5093

*'.5+0-+ :8 1.;/2+#&'

8GTIQNFGVG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) %CUUQNK 5KGIGTOGFCKNNG HÒT FGP 2NCV\ )QNFOGFCKNNG FGT 5RKGNG XQO ,WNK DKU \WO #WIWUV XGTNKGJGP CP FGP WPICTKUEJGP (WDCNNURKGNGT .±U\NÉ $WFCK 5KGIGU IÌVVKP OKV -TCP\ KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP WPF OKV 2CNO\YGKI KO NKPMGP #TO UKV\V PCEJ T FGP -QRH PCEJ XQTP IGYCPFV N #ORJQTG KO *KPVGTITWPF T -QNQUUGWO 5KGITGKEJGT #VJNGV OKV 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT .KPMGP YKTF XQP UGKPGP -COGTCFGP PCEJ N IGVTCIGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFKQP /KV FKXGTUGP 4CPF RWP\GP OO I )CFQWT[ 8GUEQXK )TGGPUHGNFGT 8QTQPVUQX .CNN[ 5 +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK WPF OKV 7TMWPFG 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV +PVGTGUUCPVGU 'PUGODNG XQP JQJGT QN[ORKCIGUEJKEJVNKEJGT $GFGWVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5VGORGNINCP\ &GT WPICTKUEJG (WDCNNURKGNGT .±U\NÉ $WFCK

,WNK $WFCRGUV Ó ,WNK $WFCRGUV YCT 5VÒTOGT KP FGT WPICTKUEJGP 0CVKQPCNOCPPUEJCHV FKG DGK FGP 1N[ORKUEJGP 5QOOGTURKGNGP KP *GNUKPMK FGP GTUVGP 2NCV\ GTTGKEJVG WPF DGK FGT (WDCNNYGNVOGKUVGTUEJCHV KP $GTP FGT FGWVUEJGP 0CVKQPCNGNH KO UQIGPCPPVGP 9WPFGT XQP $GTP WPVGTNCI &CU )QNF XQP *GNUKPMK YCT FGT *ÌJGRWPMV FGT GTHQNITGKEJGP WPICTKUEJGP )QNFGPGP 'NH FKG CWEJ /CIKUEJG /CI[CTGP IGPCPPV YWTFGP 9KT HTGWGP WPU +JPGP OKV FGO 'ZGORNCT HÒT .±U\NÉ $WFCK GKPG QN[ORKUEJG 5KGIGTOGFCKNNG HÒT FGP GTUVGP 2NCV\ WPF FGT FC\WIGJÌTKIGP 7TMWPFG GKPGU FGT 5RKV\GPUVÒEMG FGT QN[ORKUEJGP 5RQTVIGUEJKEJVG CPDKGVGP \W MÌPPGP 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 1N[ORKCFG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

DÄNEMARK

'7412 +5%*' /'&#+..'0 #75 5+.$'4 70& $410<'

5094

$#.6+-7/

&#5 4755+5%*' )'0'4#.)178'40'/'06 '56.#0&

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % .GDGTGEJV CWH FGP )GPGTCNIQWXGTPGWT XQP 'UVNCPF 2CWN (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV

Ó TGI 5QJP FGU )TQJGT\QIU 2GVGT (TKGFTKEJ .WFYKI XQP 1NFGPDWTI TGI IGYKFOGV XQP FGT GUVN·PFKUEJGP 4KVVGTUEJCHV -QRH 2CWN (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUVU N &KG IGMTÌPVG 'UVQPKC UVGJV N FKG .KPMG CWH FGP GUVN·PFKUEJGP 9CRRGPUEJKNF IGNGIV WPF J·NV -TCP\ ÒDGT GKPGP DTGPPGPFGP FTGKHÒKIGP #NVCT OO I * %\ 4 5GJT UGNVGP DGUQPFGTU KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (GKPG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP .ÒDGEM \YKUEJGP &·PGOCTM WPF -CKUGT (GTFKPCPF ++ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

$'.)+'0

/GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W FGP URCPKUEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP WPF \W $GNIKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5095

& 0'/#4- &#5 -¤0+)4'+%* & 0'/#4-

(TGFGTKM +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP , *GTEWNGU CWH FCU QNFGPDWTIKUEJG -ÌPKIUJCWU )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5KGDGP IGMTÌPVG -CTVWUEJGP OKV FGP 2QTVT·VU FGT HTÒJGTGP *GTTUEJGT FGU *CWUGU 1NFGPDWTI KP FGT /KVVG XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I %QNN 0QTVJWODGTNCPF )CNUVGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV RTCEJVXQNNGT 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

DÄNEMARK

5096

6TCIDCTG QXCNG CWU \YGK DTCMVGCVGPHÌTOKI IGRT·IVGP 5GKVGP \WUCOOGPIGUGV\VG UKNDGTPG *QJNOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP * . 6 CWH FKG 8GTGKVGNWPI FGT 'TQDGTWPI -QRGPJCIGPU WPF FGP (TKGFGP XQP -QRGPJCIGP \YKUEJGP &·PGOCTM WPF 5EJYGFGP CO ,WPK PCEJ FGO LWNKCPKUEJGP -CNGPFGT CO /CK )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG UEJYGFKUEJG *CPF ITGKHV PCEJ FGT F·PKUEJGP -TQPG WPF YKTF XQP FGT CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFGP IÌVVNKEJGP *CPF OKV GKPGO 5EJYGTV CDIGUEJNCIGP Z OO I %QNN 0QTVJWODGTNCPF )CNUVGT 1UUDCJT D 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT 5NI FGT (TGKJGTTGP $QPFG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG XQP GKPGO WPDGMCPPVGP -ÒPUVNGT CWH \YGK FÒPPGP 5KNDGTRN·VVEJGP IGRT·IVG WPF \WUCOOGPIGUGV\VG /GFCKNNG ITGKHV FCU /QVKX FGT IGRT·IVGP -TQPGP WPF &QRRGNMTQPGP CWH <WU·V\NKEJ YKTF FGO $GVTCEJVGT CDGT CWEJ PQEJ GTMN·TV FC GU UKEJ WO FKG F·PKUEJG *CPF &CPÙ JCPFGNV FKG OKV FGO 5EJYGTV FKG UEJYGFKUEJG *CPF 5YGFÙ XQO #TO VTGPPV &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV IKDV GKPG IGPCWG <GKVCPICDG FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP #PITKHHU 5GKPV FKG 5YGFÙ \W PCEJV WOD \Û XQT %QRGPJÙ OKV GKPGO )GPGTCN 5VWTO CPIGHCNP WPF UKEJ IGGPFGV OQTIGPU WOD Û &KG /GFCKNNG YWTFG XGTOWVNKEJ CP FKG 8GTVGKFKIGT -QRGPJCIGPU XGTVGKNV

5097

%JTKUVKCP 8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP Q , WO XQP , *GTEWNGU /GFCKNNG XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU ITQGP MÌPKINKEJGP 5KGIGNU ‰ (4+&'4+%75 4CWVG +++ Û &'+ )4#6+# 4CWVG &#0+ 4CWVG 0148')+ 4CWVG 8#0&.147/ 4CWVG )166147/ 4CWVG 4': &GT IGMTÌPVG -ÌPKI KP XQNNGT 4ÒUVWPI VJTQPV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 'NGHCPVGPQTFGPU KP FGT 4GEJVGP <GRVGT KP FGT .KPMGP 4GKEJUCRHGN WOJGT $CNFCEJKP OKV FGP IGMTÌPVGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP XQP &·PGOCTM WPF 0QTYGIGP &7: 4CWVG 5.'58+%+ 4CWVG *1.5#6+ 4CWVG 5614/#4+ 4CWVG '6 4CWVG &+6/#45+ 4CWVG %1/'5 4CWVG +0 4CWVG 1.&'0$74) 4CWVG '6 4CWVG &'./'0 *1456 4CWVG &CU F·PKUEJG 9CRRGP CWH IGMTÌPVGO -TGW\ WOJGT -TCP\ CWU 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP CWGP .CWDMT·P\G OO I %QNN 0QTVJWODGTNCPF )CNUVGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT 5NI *QNIGT *GFG 6GKN #WMVKQP 4CUOWUUGP #JNUVTÌO -QRGPJCIGP 0T

DÄNEMARK

5098

6TCIDCTG QXCNG 5KNDGTJQJNIWOGFCKNNG Q , WO OKV 5KIPCVWT * . 6 CWH UGKPG -TKGIUGTHQNIG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .ÌYG UVGJV PCEJ N OKV GTJQDGPGO 5EJYGTV WPF 5EJKNF OKV FGO /QPQITCOO %JTKUVKCPU 8 CWH 9CHHGPJCWHGP QDGP FKG 9CRRGP XQP &·PGOCTM WPF 0QTYGIGP Z OO I %QNN 0QTVJWODGTNCPF p )CNUVGT 44 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT WPF &TWEMUVGNNG HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP 5EJQPKUEJGP -TKGI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP

5099

<KPPOGFCKNNG XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU WPUKIPKGTV XQP %JT 5EJPGKFGT CWH FGP $CW PGWGT $GHGUVKIWPIUCPNCIGP CWH FGT +PUGN %JTKUVKCPUÎ DGK $QTPJQNO #PUKEJV FGT OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPGP +PUGNP %JTKUVKCPUÎ WPF (TGFGTKMUÎ OKV FGP $GHGUVKIWPIUCPNCIGP WOJGT GVNKEJG 5GIGNUEJKHHG CWH 5GG QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG <GKNGP 5EJTKHV /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO %QNN 0QTVJWO DGTNCPF p )CNUVGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

/GFCKNNGP CWH FKG F·PKUEJG $GNCIGTWPI XQP *CODWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 71

DÄNEMARK

5100

5101

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG CNEJGOKUVKUEJGP 8GTUWEJG KP )GIGPYCTV FGU -ÌPKIU CO (GDTWCT )GMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO &KG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF )QVVGU UVTGWV GKPG 6KPMVWT KP GKPGP 5EJOGN\VKIGN CO 1HGP UKPF FKG CNEJGOKUVKUEJGP <GKEJGP HÒT 3WGEMUKNDGT /GTMWTUVCD WPF 5KNDGT /QPF CPIGDTCEJV OO I )CNUVGT 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5R·VGTGT #DUEJNCI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU 5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG F·PKUEJG $GNCIGTWPI XQP 4CV\GDWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

(TGFGTKM +8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO WPUKIPKGTV CWH FCU PGWG ,CJT 8KGT 2QFGUVG OKV FGP 5[ODQNGP FGT XKGT 5V·PFG #FGN )GKUVNKEJMGKV $ÒTIGT WPF $CWGTP UVGJGP WO GKP 2QFGUV OKV FGP +PUKIPKGP FGU -ÌPKIU QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU 5QPPG DGUEJGKPV FKG PÌTFNKEJG 'TFJCNDMWIGN OKV FGP -QPVWTGP &·PGOCTMU OO I %QNN 0QTVJWODGTNCPF p )CNUVGT 4 -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

/GFCKNNGP CWH FGP )TQGP 0QTFKUEJGP -TKGI IGIGP FKG 5EJYGFGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5102

5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP XQP 2 $GTI CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 'NGHCPVGPQTFGP &KG 4GHQTOCVQTGP /CTVKP .WVJGT WPF ,QJCPPGU $WIGPJCIGP UVGJGP X X CWH DGUEJTKHVGVGP 2QUVCOGPVGP WPF JCNVGP GKPG OKV GKPGO 'PIGNUMQRH IGUEJOÒEMVG 5EJTKHV VCHGN QDGP GKP PCEJ N UEJYGDGPFGT 'PIGN OKV 5EJTKHVDCPF OO I %QNN 0QTVJWODGTNCPF )CNUVGT 5NI 9JKVKPI 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

DÄNEMARK

5104

5103

5105

%JTKUVKCP 8+ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / ) #TDKGP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGU 5QJPGU 2TKP\ (TKGFTKEJ UR·VGT -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 8 OKV .QWKUG 6QEJVGT )GQTIU ++ XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI %CNGPDGTI *CPPQXGT -ÌPKI XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP CO &G\GODGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF (TKGFTKEJU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF OKV 'NGHCPVGPQTFGP $TWUVDKNF .QWKUGU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I $TQEMOCPP %QNN 0QTVJWODGTNCPF )CNUVGT 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ .WKUG YWTFG CO &G\GODGT KP .QPFQP IGDQTGP 5KG XGTO·JNVG UKEJ OKV -TQPRTKP\ (TKGFTKEJ 8 KP %JTKUVKCPUDQTI WPF UVCTD FQTV CO &G\GODGT UKG KUV KO &QO XQP 4QUMKNFG DGKIGUGV\V

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 %JT 9KPUNQY CWH FKG )GDWTV FGU -TQPRTKP\GP %JTKUVKCP CO ,WNK $TWUVDKNFGT FGU 'NVGTPRCCTGU -TQPRTKP\ (TGFGTKM UR·VGT -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM 8 OKV 'NGHCPVGPQTFGP WPF .QWKUG 6QEJVGT )GQTIU ++ XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI %CNGPDGTI *CPPQXGT -ÌPKI XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP PGDGP GKPCPFGT T &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG $GUV·PFKIMGKV %QPUVCPVKC UVGJV HCUV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ N IGYCPFV KO TGEJVGP #TO J·NV UKG FGP PGWIGDQTGPGP -TQPRTKP\GP KP FGT NKPMGP *CPF -WIGN FCTCWH 2JÌPKZ KO *KPVGTITWPF FGT F·PKUEJG 'NGHCPV WPF FKG IGMTÌPVGP 5EJKNFGT XQP 1NFGPDWTI WPF &·PGOCTM OO I $TQEMOCPP %QNN 0QTVJWODGTNCPF )CNUVGT 4 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT -TQP\RTKP\ UVCTD DGTGKVU CO ,WPK PQEJ XQT FGT 8QNNGPFWPI UGKPGU .GDGPULCJTGU

(TGFGTKM 8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 %JT 9KPUNQY CWH UGKPG \YGKVG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV ,WNKCPG /CTKG 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU (GTFKPCPF #NDTGEJV ++ 5EJYGUVGT -CTNU + XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI 9QNHGPDÒVVGN CO ,WNK )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 'NGHCP VGPQTFGP &GT *QEJ\GKVUIQVV *[OGP UVGJV HCUV X X KP FGT 4GEJVGP DTGPPGPFG (CEMGN KP FGT GTJQDGPGP .KPMGP 6WEJ KO *KPVGTITWPF DTGPPGPFGT #NVCT N \YGK 2WVVGP FKG $NWOGP UVTGWGP OO I $TQEMOCPP %QNN 0QTVJWODGTNCPF p )CNUVGT 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (GKPG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T ,WNKCPG /CTKG

YCT FKG 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU (GTFKPCPF #NDTGEJV ++ WPF FGUUGP )GOCJNKP #PVQKPGVVG #OCNKG &KG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 8 XQP &·PGOCTM HCPF CO ,WNK UVCVV 5GKV FGO ,CPWCT 9KVYG UVCTD UKG CO 1MVQDGT KP (TGFGTKMUDQTI WPF YWTFG KP FGT &QOMKTEJG XQP 4QUMKNFG DGKIGUGV\V

DÄNEMARK

5106

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & , #F\GT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT MÌPKINKEJGP 5QWXGT·PKV·V IGRT·IV KO #WHVTCI FGT F·PKUEJGP WPF PQTYGIKUEJGP )GKUVNKEJMGKV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO 'NGHCPVGPQTFGP 'KPG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV MPKGV PCEJ T \W KJTGP (ÒGP FKG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG XQP 0QTYGIGP WPF &·PGOCTM WPF ÒDGTTGKEJV GKPGT XQT KJT UKV\GPFGP YGKDNKEJGP )GUVCNV GKP -KUUGP OKV -TÌPWPIU KPUKIPKGP OO I %QNN 0QTVJWODGTNCPF p )CNUVGT 5EJÌPG 6ÌPWPI &TWEMUVGNNG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T YWTFG (TGFGTKM +++ XQP FGP 5V·PFGP )GKUVNKEJMGKV WPF $ÒTIGTUEJCHV \WO CDUQNWVGP *GTTUEJGT KO .CPF GTMN·TV &GT #FGN XGTNQT YGKVIGJGPF UGKPG 2TKXKNGIKGP 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGU 6QF FGU TWUUKUEJGP $QVUEJCHVGTU KP -QRGPJCIGP $CTQP XQP -QTHH HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5107

%JTKUVKCP 8++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & , #F\GT CWH FGP F·PKUEJGP 5VCCVUOKPKUVGT #PFTGCU 2GVGT )TCH XQP $GTPUVQTHH

Ó $ÒUVG FGU )TCHGP N OKV 'KEJGPMTCP\ -QORC OO I )CNUVGT *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ $GTPUVQTHH NGKVGVG FKG F·PKUEJG #WGPRQNKVKM KP FGP ,CJTGP WPF 'T UEJNQ FGP 6CWUEJXGTVTCI XQP <CTUMQLG 5GNQ WPF INGKEJ\GKVKI FCOKV GKPG IGIGP FKG 5EJYGFGP IGTKEJVGVG #NNKCP\ OKV 4WNCPF FKG &·PGOCTM \W GKPGO MWT\GP -TKGI OKV 5EJYGFGP PÌVKIVG HÒJTVG GT FKG $CWGTPDGHTGKWPI FWTEJ WPF UGV\VG UKEJ KP 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKP HÒT FKG #WHJGDWPI FGT .GKDGKIGPUEJCHV GKP

DÄNEMARK

5108 1,5:1

5108

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & ( QFGT ( 9 .QQU CWH FGP XGTGKVGNVGP #PITKHH FGT 'PIN·PFGT CWH -QRGP JCIGP CO #RTKN &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG )GTGEJVKIMGKV UKV\V PCEJ N CP 5QEMGN IGNGJPV WPF ÒDGTTGKEJVG GKPGO CPVKM IGMNGKFGVGP -TKGIGT GKP 5EJYGTV 'KP -TKGIGT KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI M·ORHV IGIGP GKP OGJT MÌRHKIGU 5GGWPIGJGWGT OO I $GTIUÎG 5QOOGT # 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV RTCEJVXQNNGT 2CVKPC MN +PXGPVCTPWOOGT 6KPVGPUEJTKHV KO (GNF FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &·PGOCTM XGTUWEJVG \WUCOOGP OKV 4WNCPF 2TGWGP WPF 5EJYGFGP FGP HTGKGP *CPFGN \W UEJÒV\GP WPF FGO 5GGFGURQVKUOWU 'PINCPFU GPVIGIGP\WVTGVGP 'KPG GPINKUEJG (NQVVG WPVGT 0GNUQP GTUEJKGP XQT -QRGPJCIGP WPF FTCPI VTQV\ VCRHGTGT F·PKUEJGT )GIGPYGJT KP FGP *CHGP GKP &·PGOCTM OWVG UEJNKGNKEJ FCU GPINKUEJG 5GGTGEJV CPGTMGPPGP &KG #WUUCIG FGT /GFCKNNG YCT CNUQ PKEJV YKTMNKEJ TGCNKUVKUEJ

5109

(TGFGTKM 8+ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % # /WJNG CWH FCU L·JTKIG ,WDKN·WO FGT -QRGPJCIGPGT $ÌTUG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCPU +8 X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 'NGHCPVGPQTFGP 0GRVWP WPF /GTMWT NGIGP -T·P\G CWH GKP 2QUVCOGPV FCU OKV FGO IGMTÌPVGP /QPQITCOO %JTKUVKCPU +8 WPF FGT (CUUCFG FGT $ÌTUG XGT\KGTV KUV QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG OO I $GTIUÎG *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5110

(TGFGTKM 8++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 2 2GVGTUGP HÒT FKG (TGKYKNNKIGP CWU 5EJYGFGP WPF 0QTYGIGP KO -TKGI IGIGP 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKP &GT CNVPQTFKUEJG )QVV *GKOFCNN OKV 5EJYGTV KP FGT 4GEJVGP UVGJV CWH FGT *KOOGNUDTÒEMG $KHTQUV WPF DN·UV OKV FGO )LCNNGTJQTP \WO -CORH T *CJP <YGK -TKGIGT KP 9KMKPIGTUEJKHH N CWH 5GG CO /CUV FKG 9CRRGP XQP 5EJYGFGP WPF 0QTYGIGP OO I $GTIUÎG .CPIG FQTV KP $TQP\G 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG CWH FCU 5GGIGHGEJV XQP 'EMGTPHÌTFG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 'KPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG CWH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK *GNIQNCPF IGIGP 2TGWGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 75

FRANKREICH

5111

(4#0-4'+%* &#5 -¤0+)4'+%* (4#0-4'+%*

%JCTNGU +: 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI XGTOWVNKEJ FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG $CTVJQNQO·WUPCEJV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN *GTMWNGU OKV WOIGNGIVGO .ÌYGPHGNN UVGJV PCEJ T KP .CPFUEJCHV WPF DGM·ORHV FKG OGJTMÌRHKIG *[FTC OKV GKPGT -GWNG WPF GKPGT (CEMGN KO *KPVGTITWPF *·WUGT OO I ,QPGU FQTV KP $TQP\G /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 5 6T¾UQT FG 0WOKUOCVKSWG GV FG )N[RVKSWG 6H :+: 8QT\ÒINKEJ #NU $CTVJQNQO·WUPCEJV QFGT CWEJ 2CTKUGT $NWVJQEJ\GKV DG\GKEJPGV OCP FCU /CUUCMGT CP FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2TQVGUVCPVGP *WIGPQVVGP KP 2CTKU Y·JTGPF FGT 0CEJV XQO CWH FGP #WIWUV &KG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG /QPCTEJKG UCJ KP FGT TGHQTOKGTVGP -KTEJG GKPG $GFTQJWPI KJTGT CDUQNWVKUVKUEJGP /CEJV FC UKEJ GKPKIG FGT TKXCNKUKGTGPFGP (ÒTUVGPJ·WUGT \WT PGWGP 4GNKIKQP DGMCPPVGP WPF FCOKV KP 1RRQUKVKQP \WT -TQPG IGTKGVGP 7O GKPGP FTQJGPFGP $ÒTIGTMTKGI CD\WYGPFGP UQNNVG FKG *QEJ\GKV \YKUEJGP FGO 2TQVGUVCPVGP *GPTK FG 0CXCTTG UR·VGT -ÌPKI *GPTK +8 TGI OKV FGT -CVJQNKMKP /CTICTGVG FG 8CNQKU

Ó 5EJYGUVGT XQP %JCTNGU +: WPF 6QEJVGT -CVJCTKPCU FG /GFKEK FKG )TWPFNCIG \WT 8GTUÌJPWPI FGT -QPHGUUKQPGP NGIGP &KG *QEJ\GKV \W FGT JQJG #FNKIG DGKFGT 4GNKIKQPGP OKV KJTGO )GHQNIG CPIGTGKUV YCTGP HCPF CO #WIWUV KP 2CTKU UVCVV #O 8QTOKVVCI FGU #WIWUV MCO GU YCJTUEJGKPNKEJ CWU RGTUÌPNKEJGP /QVKXGP GKPGU 'KP\GNV·VGTU QFGT GKPGP MNGKPGP )TWRRG \W GKPGO #PUEJNCI CWH FGP #PHÒJTGT FGT 2TQVGUVCPVGP #FOKTCN )CURCTF ++ FG %QNKIP[

Ó FGT LGFQEJ OKNCPI &KG (QNIG FGU IGUEJGKVGTVGP #VVGPVCVU YCTGP VWOWNVCTVKIG <WUV·PFG KP 2CTKU FC OCP YQJN PKEJV \W 7PTGEJV GKPGP 8GTIGNVWPIUUEJNCI FGT *WIGPQVVGP DGHÒTEJVGVG #O #DGPF FGU #WIWUV NKG FGT -ÌPKI FKG 9CEJGP XGTUV·TMGP CNNG $QQVG XQP FGT 5GKPG GPVHGTPGP FKG 5VCFVVQTG UEJNKGGP FGPP GU NCIGTVGP /CPP RTQVGUVCPVKUEJGT 6TWRRGP KP FGT 0·JG XQP 2CTKU WPF 9CHHGP CP FKG 5VCFVOKNK\ XGTVGKNGP 'KPGP FKTGMVGP $GHGJN \WT 'TOQTFWPI FGT *WIGPQVVGP ICD GU UGKVGPU FGU -ÌPKIU CDGT YQJN PKEJV &KG 5KVWCVKQP GUMCNKGTVG CNU GKPG )TWRRG XQP /KVINKGFGTP FGT 5EJYGK\GTICTFG WPF FGT RGTUÌPNKEJGP .GKDY·EJVGT FGU *GT\QIU *GPTK F #PLQW $TWFGT XQP %JCTNGU +: UR·VGT -ÌPKI *GPTK +++ TGI WPVGT (ÒJTWPI XQP *GPTK FG )WKUG

Ó KP FCU *CWU FGU #FOKTCNU FG %QNKIP[ GKPFTCPI WPF FKGUGP \WUCOOGP OKV FGP ÒDTKIGP #PHÒJTGTP FGT *WIGPQVVGP GTOQTFGVG &CFWTEJ YWTFG GKPG 9GNNG FGT )GYCNV CWUIGNÌUV KP FGTGP (QNIG CNNGKP KP 2CTKU CP FKG /GPUEJGP WPF KP CPFGTGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5V·FVGP W C $QTFGCWZ 6QWNQWUG WPF 4QWGP \YKUEJGP WPF 2GTUQPGP WOU .GDGP IGMQOOGP UGKP UQNNGP %JCTNGU +: ÒDGTPCJO CO #WIWUV XQT FGO 2CTNCOGPV FKG 8GTCPVYQTVWPI HÒT FCU )GUEJGJGP FC FKG *WIGPQVVGP GKPGP 5VCCVUUVTGKEJ IGRNCPV J·VVGP $KU JGWVG UKPF UGKPG VCVU·EJNKEJG $GVGKNKIWPI CP FGP 8QTI·PIGP WPF FGT #PVGKN UGKPGT /WVVGT -CVJCTKPC FG /GFKEK CO )GUEJGJGP WPVGT *KUVQTKMGTP LGFQEJ WOUVTKVVGP &KG 2TQVGUVCPVGP JCVVGP FWTEJ FKG 'TGKIPKUUG FGT $CTVJQNQO·WUPCEJV GKPGP )TQVGKN KJTGT RQNKVKUEJGP WPF OKNKV·TKUEJGP (ÒJTWPI XGTNQTGP &KG 4GNKIKQPUM·ORHG KP (TCPMTGKEJ IKPIGP FGPPQEJ YGKVGT DKU FGP *WIGPQVVGP KO ,CJTG XQP -ÌPKI *GPTK +8 FWTEJ FCU 'FKMV XQP 0CPVGU 4GNKIKQPUHTGKJGKV WPF 4GEJVUUKEJGTJGKV ICTCPVKGTV YWTFGP 'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG $CTVJQNQO·WUPCEJV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5112

*GPTK +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI XGTOWVNKEJ FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPG /WVVGT -CVJCTKPC XQP /GFKEK

Ó $ÒUVG -CVJCTKPCU N OKV 5EJNGKGT WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN (COC UVGJV PCEJ T OKV 2CNO\YGKI WPF 2QUCWPG CWH GKPGO XQP 9QNMGP WOIGDGPGO )NQDWU OO I ,QPGU p 4ÒEMUGKVG 6T¾UQT FG 0WOKUOCVKSWG GV FG )N[RVKSWG p

8QTFGTUGKVG 6H ::+++ (GKPG 6ÌPWPI UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

FRANKREICH

5113

*GPTK +8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP (TKGFGP PCEJ $GGPFKIWPI FGT *WIG PQVVGPMTKGIG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ .ÌYGPMQRHUEJWNVGT WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5ÌNFPGT XQT 5VCFVOCWGTP GTIGDGP UKEJ FGT MÌPKINKEJGP #TOGG FCTÒDGT \YGK KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG CWU 9QNMGP WPF FKG DGUVTCJNVGP $WEJUVCDGP ( * (KFGU *GPTKEK CWH FGT IGIGPÒDGTNKGIGPFGP 5GKVG \YGK CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPG *·PFG FKG CWU (ÒNNJÌTPGTP $NWOGP WPF )GNFUVÒEMG ÒDGT CO $QFGP UVGJGPFG 6TWRRGP CWUUEJÒVVGP QDGP FKG DGUVTCJNVGP $WEJUVCDGP . 4 .KDGTCNKVCU TGIKU OO I ,QPGU p XIN /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p XIN 4ÒEMUGKVG 5 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5114

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP 2CRKNNQP CWH FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP )GPGTCNUVCCVUCPYCNV WPF .KVGTCVGP 'VKGPPG 2CUSWKGT

Ó $TWUVDKNF 2CUSWKGTU N *GTMWNGU UVGJV HCUV X X FKG 4GEJVG CWH -GWNG IGUVÒV\V WPF XGTUMNCXV FKG KJO HQNIGPFGP /·PPGT FWTEJ UGKPG 4GFGIGYCPFVJGKV FKG FWTEJ -GVVGP FCTIGUVGNNV KUV FKG CWU UGKPGO /WPF UVTÌOGP WPF FKG /·PPGT HGUUGNP OO ,QPGU #PO 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGT 1TKIKPCNIW

5115

6TCIDCTG $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG XQP ) &WRT¾ CWH FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #FOKTCN ,GCP .QWKU FG .C 8CNGVVG

Ó )QWXGTPGWT FGT 2TQXGPEG WPF FGT 0QTOCPFKG WPF CWH UGKPGP /KNKV·T\WI PCEJ /GV\ WPF 5VTCDWTI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU 5VCCVUOCPPGU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN (WTKG OKV \YGK (CEMGNP ITGKHV GKPGP XQT KJT UKV\GPFGP .ÌYGP CP KO *KPVGTITWPF N DGQDCEJVGV GKP (WEJU FKG 5\GPG OO ,QPGU 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5EJCTHGT XQT\ÒINKEJGT 1TKIKPCNIW OKV HGKPGT DTCWPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI ,QJP 4 )CKPGU #WMVKQP /QTVQP WPF 'FGP .QPFQP 0T UQYKG FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U 1MVQDGT 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ U ,WPK 0T <WXQT GTYQTDGP XQP &T 2JKNKRR .GFGTGT $GTNKP ,GCP .QWKU FG .C 8CNGVVG \QI PCEJ /GV\ WPF 5VTCDWTI WO FKG DGKFGP 5V·FVG IGIGP FCU 4GKEJ \W UKEJGTP &GT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FKGUGT /GFCKNNG FCTIGUVGNNVG .ÌYG U[ODQNKUKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ FKG 5VCFV 5VTCDWTI FKG UKEJ \YKUEJGP (TCPMTGKEJ (WEJU WPF FGO 4GKEJ (WTKG DGHCPF 77

FRANKREICH

5117

5116

.QWKU :+++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ' )CVVGCWZ CWH FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CTFKPCN #TOCPF ,GCP FW 2NGUUKU &WE FG 4KEJGNKGW

Ó $TWUVDKNF FGU -CTFKPCNU N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP #DUEJPKVVUNKPKGP OO %QNNKIPQP p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG $GUGV\WPI XQP %CUCNG WPVGT .QWKU :+++ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

.QWKU :+8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI KP 4GKOU CO ,WPK )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUMGVVG 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 4GKOU CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG QDGP FKG 6CWDG FGU *GKNKIGP )GKUVGU OKV )GH· KO 5EJPCDGN KP 5VTCJNGP \YKUEJGP 9QNMGP OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 5 % 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT MCVCNCPKUEJGP 5VCFV $CNCIWGT HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

ex 5118

FRANKREICH

ex 5118

+PVGTGUUCPVG 5GTKG XQP $TQP\GOGFCKNNGP CWU FGT XQP GPVUVCPFGPGP /GFCKNNGPUWKVG FGT #ECF¾OKG 4Q[CNG FGU +PUETKRVKQPU GV $GNNGU .GVVTGU CWH FKG TWJOTGKEJG 4GIKGTWPI FGU -ÌPKIU .QWKU :+8 &KG 5VGORGN \W FGP 8QTFGTUGKVGP UKPF XQP ,GCP /CWIGT IGUEJPKVVGP &KG /GFCKNNGP JCDGP GKPGP &WTEJOGUUGT XQP EC OO #WH FKG 5EJNCEJV XQP .NQTGPU WPF FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP $CNCIWGT -CVCNQPKGP CO 1MVQDGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP 6JQOCU $GTPCTF &KXQ #WH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 2KQODKPQ 6QUMCPC CO 1MVQDGT WPF 2QTVQ .QPIQPG JGWVG 2QTVQ #\WTTQ 6QUMCPC CO 1MVQDGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP )¾TÊOG 4QWUUGN &KXQ #WH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 1TUQ[ 4JGKPDGTI $ÒFGTKEJ WPF 9GUGN XQO ,WPK 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP ,GCP /CWIGT &KXQ #WH FKG 8GTVTGKDWPI FGT *QNN·PFGT XQP FGT +PUGN /CTVKPKSWG -CTKDKM KO ,CJT 4ÒEM UGKVGPUVGORGN XQP ,GCP /CWIGT &KXQ #WH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV XQT 2CNGTOQ CO ,WPK 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP )¾TÊOG 4QWUUGN

&KXQ #WH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP #KTG UWT NC .[U &¾RCTVGOGPV 2CU FG %CNCKU CO ,WNK 4ÒEMUGKVGP UVGORGN XQP )¾TÊOG 4QWUUGN &KXQ #WH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT (GUVWPI 6QDCIQ -CTKDKM CO &G\GODGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP *GTEWNG .G $TGVQP &KXQ #WH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 5CXQ[GP KO ,CJT 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP *GTEWNG NG $TGVQP

&KXQ #WH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 0K\\C CO #RTKN 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP ,GCP /CWIGT

&KXQ #WH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT 5V·FVG 0K\\C WPF /QPU $GTIGP CO UGNDGP 6CI FGO #RTKN 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP ,GCP /CWIGT &KXQ #WH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 4QUCU -CVCNQPKGP CO ,WPK 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP ,GCP /CWIGT

&KXQ #WH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 2CNCOQU -CVCNQPKGP CO ,WPK 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP ,GCP /CWIGT &KXQ #WH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP &KMUOWKFG 9GUVHNCPFGTP WPF &GKP\G 1UVHNCPFGTP KO ,CJT 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP ,GCP /CWIGT &KXQ #WH FKG $QODCTFKGTWPI XQP &ÒPMKTEJGP KO ,CJT 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP ,GCP /CWIGT

&KXQ #WH FKG 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT (GUVWPI %TGOQPC CO (GDTWCT 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN XQP ,GCP /CWIGT &KXQ 5VÒEM 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF DGUUGT

FRANKREICH

5119

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH -CTFKPCN ,WNGU /C\CTKP

Ó WPF FKG 'TYGKVGTWPI FGU .QWXTG $TWUVDKNF FGU -CTFKPCNU T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &CTUVGNNWPI FGT $CWCTDGKVGP CO .QWXTG OO I (GWCTFGPV /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5120

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , /CWIGT CWH FKG ªDGTPCJOG FGT 4GIKGTWPI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &GT -ÌPKI CNU #RQNNQ OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ .GKGT WPF 5VGWGTTWFGT UKV\V CWH )NQDWU CWH FGO FTGK .KNKGP \W UGJGP UKPF KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VTCJNGP WPF 9QNMGP OO I &KXQ p XIN ,QPGU p /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 5 $ (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ FGO 6QF XQP .QWKU :+++ HÒJTVG UGKPG )GOCJNKP #PPC XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ FKG 4GIGPVUEJCHV HÒT FGP OKPFGTL·JTKIGP 5QJP +O #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP ÒDGTPCJO UEJNKGNKEJ .QWKU :+8 FGT 5QPPGPMÌPKI FKG 4GIKGTWPI FGT OKV 0CRQN¾QP \W FGP DGFGWVGPFUVGP *GTTUEJGTP FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP )GUEJKEJVG \·JNGP UQNNVG

5121

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 9CTKP CWH 2KGTTG 5¾IWKGT *GT\QI XQP 8KNNGOQTV

Ó $TWUVDKNF FGU *GT\QIU T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 6KUEJ OKV NKNKGPXGT\KGTVGT &GEMG FCTCWH GKP PCEJ N NKGIGPFGU .COO CWH GKPGO IGUEJNQUUGPGP $WEJ OKV GDGPHCNNU NKNKGPXGT\KGTVGP 5EJNÌUUGTP WOJGT $CNFCEJKP OO I ,QPGU 4 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 2KGTTG 5¾IWKGT YWTFG -CP\NGT XQP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF YCT GKP NGKFGPUEJCHVNKEJGT $WEJUCOONGT WPF DGUEJ·HVKIVG GKPG ICP\G 4GKJG XQP -ÒPUVNGTP WO UGKPG RGTUÌPNKEJG 5COOGNNGKFGPUEJCHV \W DGHTKGFKIGP 'T UVCPF QHHGPDCT KP GPIGT $G\KGJWPI \W FGO /GFCKNNGWT ,GCP 9CTKP UGKPG (TCW YCT UQICT 6CWHRCVKP GKPGU UGKPGT -KPFGT &KG CVVTCMVKXG /GFCKNNG \GKIV GKPG FGT DGFGWVGPFUVGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKVGP FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU

FRANKREICH

5122

5123

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP / /QNCTV CWH FKG (GTVKIUVGNNWPI FGT -QNQPPCFGP KO 1UVHNÒIGN FGU .QWXTG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #PUKEJV FGU .QWXTG OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 5 & 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5122

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 9CTKP CWH FKG 8GTDGUUGTWPI FGT *CPFGNU WPF -TKGIUOCTKPG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5EJKHH WPVGT XQNNGP 5GIGNP CWH 5GG OO I ,QPGU ++ 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5124

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP % /CTVKP CWH 2KGTTG %CKIPCTV -NGTKMGT CO *QHG XQP .QWKU :+8 $TWUVDKNF FGU )GKUVNKEJGP T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN *WPF N·WHV N KP .CPFUEJCHV QDGP UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG ÒDGT 9QNMGP OO /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 1TKIKPCNIW 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

5125

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP MWTMÌNPKUEJGP D\Y PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP (GUVWPIGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #RQNNQ OKV UVTCJNGPFGO *CWRV UKV\V PCEJ T KP 5QPPGPYCIGP CWH 9QNMGP WOJGT -TGKU CWU -CTVWUEJGP OKV FGP 5VCFVCPUKEJVGP XQP $QOOGN 1TUQ[ 4JGKPDGTI 9GUGN 'OOGTKEJ 5EJKPEM #TPJGKO &WKUDWTI <WVRJGP &GXGPVGT 0KLOGIGP WPF )TCXG OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 5 XCT FQTV UKIPKGTV X .QQP +++ 5 XCT 9GKNGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 81

FRANKREICH

5126

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 4QGVVKGTU CWH FKG 9KGFGTJGTUVGNNWPI FGU /KNKV·TQTFGPU XQP 5CKPV .C\CTG FG ,GTWUCNGO $ÒUVG T 1TFGPUTKVVGT TGKVGV T OKV 5EJYGTV KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP KP FGT .KPMGP 5EJKNF OKV /CFQPPC OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 5 XCT 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5127

5128

5129

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) *COGTCPK CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI XQP 0KLOGIGP &GT IGJCTPKUEJVG -ÌPKI TGKVGV N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP -QOOCPFQUVCD KO *KPVGTITWPF 6TWRRGP WPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 0KLOGIGP &GT -ÌPKI KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI WPF OKV 5EJYGTV KP FGT 4GEJVGP \GTVTKVV GKPG CO $QFGP NKGIGPFG (WTKG N GKPG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV -GNEJ KP 9QNMGP KO *KPVGTITWPF T UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG OO I (QTTGT ++ 5 /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 6T¾UQT FG 0WOKUOC VKSWG GV FG )N[RVKSWG 6H :+8 X .QQP +++ 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , EC XQP ) *COGTCPK CWH FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP /CTUEJCNN *GPTK FG NC 6QWT F #WXGTIPG 8KEQOVG FG 6WTGPPG

Ó )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU /CTUEJCNNU N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN (QTVWPC OKV 5RGGT WPF (ÒNNJQTP UVGJV X X \YKUEJGP /CTU WPF ,WUVKVKC OO $ÌTPGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT *GTTNKEJG -WRHGTRCVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , /CWIGT CWH FGP 5KGI KP FGO )GHGEJV WO FKG 5EJKHHDTÒEMG DGK #NVGPJGKO $ÒUVG T 8KMVQTKC UVGJV X X KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP 2HGKN KP FGT .KPMGP -TCP\ T NCIGTV FGT (NW IQVV FGU 4JGKPU OKV 3WGNNWTPG WPF 5VGWGTTWFGT WPF DNKEMV \W KJT GORQT KO *KPVGTITWPF N $CWONCPF UEJCHV OO I $GTUVGVV p \W &KXQ /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI &CU KP $CFGP CO 1DGTTJGKP IGNGIGPG #NVGPJGKO KUV JGWVG 6GKN FGT )GOGKPFG 0GWTKGF DGK 1HHGPDWTI

FRANKREICH

5130

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 0KLOGIGP WPF FKG Y·JTGPF FGU (TKGFGPUMQPITGUUGU GTTKEJVGVGP MÌPKINKEJGP )GD·WFG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T 8QIGN DCWV GKP 0GUV FCU CWH FGT TWJKIGP 5GG UEJYKOOV OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 4ÒEMUGKVG 5 2CZ KP 0WOOKU p 44 #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC

5131

5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP XQP , /CWIGT CWH FKG 8QNNGPFWPI FGU -CPCNU FW /KFK )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 0GRVWP OKV &TGK\CEM KP FGT 4GEJVGP UVGJV PCEJ T KP GKPGT XQP \YGK 2HGTFGP IG\QIGPGP /WUEJGN CWH 5GG KO 8QTFGTITWPF N UKV\V FGT RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 1\GCP OKV #PMGT KP FGT .KPMGP PCEJ T WPF UVTGEMV KJO FKG 4GEJVG GPVIGIGP T UKV\V FGT (NWIQVV FGT )CTQPPG OKV 3WGNNWTPG X X CWH (GNUGP WPF ÒDGTTGKEJV KJO GKP 5EJKHHUOQFGNN OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU #PO 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI &GT MO NCPIG %CPCN FW /KFK XGTDKPFGV 6QWNQWUG OKV FGO /KVVGNOGGT DGK 5½VG 8QP 6QWNQWUG MQPPVGP FKG 5EJKHHG ÒDGT FGP (NW )CTQPPG KP FGP #VNCPVKM DGK $QTFGCWZ IGNCPIGP 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP FGT -ÌPKIKP /CTKC 6JGTGUKC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5132

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / /QNCTV CWH FKG (TKGFGPUXGTJCPFNWPIGP XQP &GP *CCI \YKUEJGP (TCPM TGKEJ 5RCPKGP WPF FGO 4ÌOKUEJ &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJ WPF FGP FCDGK DGUEJNQUUGPGP 9CHHGPUVKNNUVCPF HÒT ,CJTG $ÒUVG N 8KMVQTKC UVGJV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV FGP TGEJVGP (W CWH )NQDWU IGUVGNNV KP FGT 4GEJVGP /GTMWTUVCD KP FGT GTJQDGPGP .KPMGP -TCP\ OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 5 2CZ KP 0WOOKU p X .QQP +++ 5 8QTFGTUGKVG 4ÒEMUGKVG 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 83

FRANKREICH

5133

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH FKG #WHJGDWPI FGU 'FKMVU XQP 0CPVGU WPF CWH FKG &TCIQPCFGP 2CRUV +PPQEGP\ :+ TGI OKV $NKV\DÒPFGN KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF 5EJNÒUUGNRCCT KP FGT .KPMGP TGKVGV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ N IGYCPFV CWH UKGDGPMÌRHKIGO 7PIGJGWGT FCU GKPG RTQVGUVCPVKUEJG (COKNKG \GTHNGKUEJV N UVGJV GKP &TCIQPGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF -GVVG T UVGJV GKP ,GUWKV OKV 5EJTKHVTQNNG 'KP 4GKVGT OKV 5·DGN KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP UEJNGKHV GKPG CP UGKP 2HGTF IGHGUUGNVG 4GHQTOKGTVG JKPVGT UKEJ JGT N )CNIGP OKV )GJGPMVGO T GKPG CO $QFGP NKGIGPFG O·PPNKEJG .GKEJG FKG XQP GKPGO *WPF WPF GKPGO 4CDGP CPIGHTGUUGP YKTF FCPGDGP -KTEJGPTWKPG KO *KPVGTITWPF 2TQ\GUUKQP WPF )CNGGTG CWH 5GG OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT /KUGNNK X .QQP +++ 5 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5134

5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP Q , XGTOWVNKEJ XQP , 4QWUUGN WPF , &QNKP XGTOWVNKEJ CWH UGKPGP )GDWTVUVCI CO 5GRVGODGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 6KGTMTGKU \WO <GKVRWPMV UGKPGT )GDWTV KO <GPVTWO UKV\V FGT LWPIG -ÌPKI PCEJ T KP 3WCFTKIC FCTÒDGT UEJYGDV 8KMVQTKC FKG IGOGKPUCO OKV KJO FKG <ÒIGN J·NV OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p XIN 5 FQTV WPVGT .QWKU :+++ 6T¾UQT FG 0WOKUOCVKSWG GV FG )N[RVKSWG 6H ::8 8QTFGTUGKVG 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI MN $QJTNQEJ KO 4CPF HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

FRANKREICH

5135

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT 5 XGTOWVNKEJ , 5OGNV\KPI CWH FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5KGI ÒDGT FKG 'PIN·PFGT WPF 0KGFGTN·PFGT KP FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV XQP $GCEJ[ *GCF XQT 5ÒFGPINCPF CO ,WNK )GJCTPKUEJ VGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV OO I 'KOGT p /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p X .QQP +++ 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W .QWKU :+8 HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5136

.QWKU :8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , .G $NCPE CWH UGKPGP 8QTOWPF 2JKNKRRG F 1TN¾CPU

Ó )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU OKPFGTL·JTKIGP -ÌPKIU T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP 2JKNKRRG F 1TN¾CPU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I 2CIG &KXQ &KXQ #PO 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP (TKGFGP OKV *CDUDWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5137

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , % 4QGVVKGTU CWH UGKPGP 2TGOKGTOKPKUVGT -CTFKPCN #PFT¾ *GTEWNG FG (NGWT[

Ó $TWUVDKNF FGU -CTFKPCNU T OKV %CNQVVG WPF WOIGNGIVGO 2GN\ )GMTÌPVGU XQP 1TFGPUMGVVG WOIGDGPGU 9CRRGP CWH *GTOGNKPOCPVGN OO /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 8QTFGTUGKVG 5 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

FRANKREICH

5138

5139

5140

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ &WXKXKGT WPF , .G $NCPE CWH FGP 'ORHCPI FGU VÒTMKUEJGP $QVUEJCH VGTU WPF CWH FGP 5V /KEJCGNUQTFGP &GT -ÌPKI VJTQPV PCEJ T WPF GTJ·NV XQO VÒTMKUEJGP $QVUEJCHVGT FKG GTPGWGTVGP 8GTVT·IG FGU 5WNVCPU 5V /KEJCGN GTUEJN·IV FGP 6GWHGN WOJGT 1TFGPUMGVVG OO I 2CIG &KXQ &KXQ 4ÒEMUGKVG 4ÒEMUGKVG 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK 6QWNQP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( /CTVGCW WPF , % 4QGVVKGTU CWH FKG GTUVG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGU 5QJPGU FGU &CWRJKPU .QWKU (GTFKPCPF FG $QWTDQP OKV /CTKC 6JGTGUKC 4CHCGNC 6QEJVGT FGU -ÌPKIU 2JKNKRR 8 XQP 5RCPKGP CO (GDTWCT $ÒUVG T OKV *CCTDCPF &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP XQP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF 5RCPKGP OKV KJTGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT FCJKPVGT UVGJV GKP 'PIGN CWH 2QUVCOGPV KP FGT 4GEJVGP (CEMGN OKV FGT .KPMGP J·NV GT GKPGP -TCP\ ÒDGT FKG 5EJKNFG KO *KPVGTITWPF $NWOGPVQTDQIGP OO I 2CIG &KXQ &KXQ XCT 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( /CTVGCW CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP $TÒUUGN CO (GDTWCT FWTEJ /CTUEJCNN /QTKV\ XQP 5CEJUGP $ÒUVG T OKV *CCTDCPF /CTU KP XQNNGT 4ÒUVWPI .KNKGPHCJPG KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF 5EJYGTV KP FGT .KPMGP UEJTGKVGV N ÒDGT /CWGTMTQPG WPF 9CRRGPUEJKNF FWTEJ FKG \GTDTQEJGPG 5VCFV OCWGT XQP $TÒUUGN KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP $TÒUUGN OO I 2CIG &KXQ &KXQ 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 3WGDGE FWTEJ FKG $TKVGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5141

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( /CTVGCW 2TGKU FGT #MCFGOKG HÒT #TEJKVGMVWT $ÒUVG T OKV *CCTDCPF (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT ,CJTGU\CJN OO I 2CIG &KXQ &KXQ \W FQTV CPFGTG 8QTFGT UGKVG 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

FRANKREICH

5142

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ &WXKXKGT WPF , .G $NCPE CWH FKG *QEJ\GKV UGKPGU 'PMGNU %JCTNGU 2JKNKRRG )TCH XQP #TVQKU UR·VGT -ÌPKI %JCTNGU : OKV /CTKC 6JGTGUKC 6QEJVGT FGU -ÌPKIU 8KEVQT #OCFGWU +++ XQP 5CTFKPKGP WPF CWH FGP 5V /KEJCGNUQTFGP &CU $TCWVRCCT UVGJV CP DTGPPGPFGO #NVCT WPF J·NV UKEJ CP FGT *CPF N *[OGP OKV (CEMGN KP FGT .KPMGP CWH 9QNMGP 5V /KEJCGN GTUEJN·IV FGP 6GWHGN WOJGT 1TFGPUMGVVG OO I 2CIG &KXQ &KXQ 4ÒEMUGKVG 4ÒEMUGKVG 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5143

.QWKU :8+ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ &WXKXKGT CWH FCU $ÒPFPKU \YKUEJGP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF FGT #NVGP 5EJYGK\GTKUEJGP 'KFIGPQUUGPUEJCHV IGUEJNQUUGP KP 5QNQVJWTP $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGI VGO /CPVGN (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT 1NKXGP\YGKIG OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 5 XCT 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5144

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT #PINKGFGTWPI 5VTCDWTIU CP (TCPMTGKEJ $ÒUVG T 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT 'KEJGPMTCP\ OO I 'PIGN .GJT /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

FRANKREICH

5145

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ &WXKXKGT CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU -ÌPKIURCCTGU KP 2CTKU CPN·NKEJ FGT )GDWTV FGU -TQPRTKP\GP .QWKU ,QUGRJ :CXKGT (TCP¼QKU $TWUVDKNFGT XQP .QWKU :8+ WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKG #PVQKPGVVG 'T\JGT\QIKP XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ PGDGPGKPCPFGT T &KG 5VCFVIÌVVKP OKV 5EJKNF KP FGT 4GEJVGP MPKGV PCEJ T XQT FGO MÌPKINKEJGP 2CCT WPF FGWVGV OKV FGT .KPMGP CWH GKPGP TGKEJ IGFGEMVGP 6KUEJ T YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV /GTMWTUVCD WPF (ÒNNJQTP OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p XIN 5 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GUU &KXQ #) <ÒTKEJ 0T &GT NCPI GTUGJPVG 6JTQPHQNIGT .QWKU ,QUGRJ :CXKGT (TCP¼QKU YWTFG CO KP 8GTUCKNNGU IGDQTGP WPF GTMTCPMVG DGTGKVU KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP UEJYGT CP 4CEJKVKU /KVVG MCO FKG 6WDGTMWNQUG JKP\W CP FGT GT CO ,WPK KP 5V &GPKU CWEJ XGTUVCTD GKPGP /QPCV XQT FGO 5VWTO CWH FKG $CUVKNNG 0CEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGU ·NVGTGP $TWFGTU YWTFG .QWKU :8++ &CWRJKP

5146

5146 1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 0 )CVVGCWZ WPF , .G $NCPE CWH FGP $CNNQPHNWI FGT $TÒFGT /QPVIQNHKGT WPF CWH FGP 5V /KEJCGNUQTFGP 5EJYGDGPFGT $CNNQP XQP GKPGO CWH 9QNMGP NKGIGPFGP )GPKWU IGHÒJTV CO $QFGP UKV\V GKPG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV PCEJ T OKV \YGK .ÌYGP WPF UVTGEMV FKG *·PFG FGO $CNNQP GPVIGIGP 5V /KEJCGN GTUEJN·IV FGP 6GWHGN WOJGT 1TFGPUMGVVG OO I $WVVQP

4ÒEMUGKVG p -CKUGT p /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 4ÒEMUGKVG (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FCU $ÒPFPKU OKV *QNNCPF XQP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

FRANKREICH

5147

&+' <'+6 &'4 (4#0<¤5+5%*'0 4'81.76+10 70& &+' '456' (4#0<¤5+5%*' 4'27$.+-

6TCIDCTG $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'TMN·TWPI FGT GTUVGP 0CVKQPCNXGTUCOONWPI CO ,WPK (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT FKG TÌOKUEJGP <CJNGP +++ 8+ +: WPF :++ KP <KHHGTDNCVVUVGNNWPI FC\YKUEJGP .KNKGP 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 5NI ,WNKWU p 44 )TQDGT )W UGJT UEJÌP

5148

)CNXCPQRNCUVKUEJG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW CWH FGP 5VWTO CWH FKG $CUVKNNG CO ,WNK WPF CWH FKG #PMWPHV FGT MÌPKINKEJGP (COKNKG KP 2CTKU CO 1MVQDGT &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 'TUVÒTOWPI WPF <GTUVÌTWPI FGT $CUVKNNG &KG MÌPKINKEJG (COKNKG KP GKPGT -WVUEJG CO 2NCEG FG .QWKU :8 JGWVG 2NCEG FG NC %QPEQTFG WOIGDGP XQP 8QNMUOGPIG OO 5NI ,WNKWU 8QT\ÒINKEJG #TDGKV

5149

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 4 &WOCTGUV 9GTMUVCVV /QPPGTQP 2CTKU CWH FGP )GPGTCN Y·JTGPF FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GXQNWVKQP /CTKG ,QUGRJ FW /QVKGT /CTSWKU FG .C (C[GVVG

Ó 7PKHQTOKGT VGU $TWUVDKNF .C (C[GVVGU N 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT 'KEJGP D\Y .QTDGGT\YGKI /KV ITCXKGTVGT 4CPFUEJTKHV OO 5NI ,WNKWU 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

FRANKREICH

5150

8GTIQNFGVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 4 &WOCTGUV 9GTMUVCVV /QPPGTQP 2CTKU CWH FGP 2JKNQUQ RJGP 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT $QVCPKMGT WPF -QORQPKUVGP ,GCP ,CESWGU 4QWUUGCW

Ó $TWUVDKNF 4QWUUGCWU N <KVCV CWU UGKPGO $WEJ 5Q\KCNXGTVTCI KP HÒPH <GKNGP /KV 4CPFITCXWT OO /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 5NI ,WNKWU -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI XQP ,GCP ,CESWGU 4QWUUGCW HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

1,5:1

5151

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % * -ÒEJNGT CWH FGP 6QF XQP .QWKU :8+ CO ,CPWCT &KG $ÒUVGP FGU -ÌPKIU WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKG #PVQKPGVVG 6QEJVGT /CTKC 6JGTGUKCU XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ PGDGPGKPCPFGT T &CU 8QNM UVGJV WO 5EJCHQVV FCTCWH NKGIV FGT IGMÌRHVG -ÌPKI FGUUGP *CWRV XQO 5EJCTHTKEJVGT FGT /GPIG RT·UGPVKGTV YKTF OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5152

-NGKPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( 9 .QQU CWH FGP 6QF XQP .QWKU :8+ CO ,CPWCT $ÒUVG FGU -ÌPKIU T 6TCWGTPFG )CNNKC CP 7TPG IGNGJPV FCTÒDGT GKP CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFGT $NKV\ OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 5QOOGT # 4 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T CWU FGT *CWUUCOONWPI FGT (ÒTUVGP \W 5QNOU *QJGPUQNOU .KEJ

FRANKREICH

5153

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 $CNFGPDCEJ CWH FKG *KPTKEJVWPI FGT -ÌPKIKP /CTKG #PVQKPGVVG )GOCJNKP XQP .QWKU :8+ 6QEJVGT /CTKC 6JGTGUKCU XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ CO 1MVQDGT $TWUVDKNF /CTKG #PVQKPGVVGU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 2GTNGP KO *CCT (GNUYCPF OKV UGEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP .CPFUEJCHV T $CWO OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T .QWKU :8+ )GOCJN /CTKG #PVKQPGVVGU YCT GKP -ÌPKI OKV IGYKPPGPFGP OGPUEJNKEJGP CDGT QJPG UVCCVUO·PPKUEJG 'KIGPUEJCHVGP 'T MQPPVG FKG (KPCP\MTKUG FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP /QPCTEJKG VTQV\ KPVGPUKXGT 4GHQTOCTDGKV UGKPGT 4GIKGTWPI OKV FGP /KVVGNP GKPGT CDUQNWVKUVKUEJGP 5VCCVUHÒJTWPI PKEJV NÌUGP &GT 9KFGTUVCPF FGT RTKXKNGIKGTVGP 5V·PFG \YCPI KJP \WT $GTWHWPI FGT )GPGTCNUV·PFG GKP #PNC \W FGP 'TGKIPKUUGP FKG FKG (TCP\ÌUKUEJG 4GXQNWVKQP CWUNÌUVGP 0CEJ FGO 5KGI FGU &TKVVGP 5VCPFGU MQPPVG GT UKEJ OKV FGT 4QNNG GKPGU MQPUVKVWVKQPGNNGP /QPCTEJGP PKEJV CDHKPFGP FKG KJO KP FGT PGWGP 8GTHCUUWPI \WIGFCEJV YCT #NU GT XQP UGKPGO XGTHCUUWPIUO·KIGP 8GVQTGEJV )GDTCWEJ OCEJVG WPF FGT #WUDTWEJ FGU -TKGIGU \YKUEJGP FGO TGXQNWVKQP·TGP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF FGP GWTQR·KUEJGP /·EJVGP FKG )GHCJT FGT DGYCHHPGPVGP )GIGPTGXQNWVKQP JGTCWHHÒJTVG CP FGT CWEJ UGKPG )GOCJNKP /CTKG #PVQKPGVVG DGVGKNKIV YCT YWTFG UGKPG 5VGNNWPI WPJCNVDCT 0CEJ FGO 5VWTO CWH FKG 6WKNGTKGP YWTFG GT OKV UGKPGT (COKNKG KO 6GORNG IGHCPIGPIGJCNVGP CO HÒT CDIGUGV\V GTMN·TV WPF \WO 6QF FWTEJ FKG )WKNNQVKPG XGTWTVGKNV 5GKPG )GOCJNKP YWTFG FCPCEJ XQP KJTGP -KPFGTP IGVTGPPV WPF KP FKG %QPEKGTIGTKG IGDTCEJV +JT 6QFGUWTVGKN YWTFG CO CWUIGURTQEJGP

5154

5155

-NGKPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # #DTCOUQP CWH FKG *KPTKEJVWPI FGT -ÌPKIKP /CTKG #PVQKPGVVG )GOCJNKP XQP .QWKU :8+ 6QEJVGT /CTKC 6JGTGUKCU XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ CO 1MVQDGT $TWUVDKNF /CTKG #PVQKPGVVGU N OKV &KCFGO WPF 9KVYGPUEJNGKGT (WTKG OKV $GKN KP FGT .KPMGP WPF (CEMGN KP FGT 4GEJVGP N·WHV PCEJ T WPF \GTUVÌTV FKG CO $QFGP NKGIGPFG 9CCIG FGT )GTGEJVKIMGKV WPF GKPG .KNKG OO I *QHHOCPP 5NI ,WNKWU 4 *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP & ( WPF ( 9 .QQU CWH FCU WPIGYKUUG 5EJKEMUCN FGT -KPFGT XQP .QWKU :8+ .QWKU %JCTNGU

Ó WPF /CTKG 6J¾T½UG %JCTNQVVG

Ó &KG $TWUV DKNFGT UGKPGT -KPFGT PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 'KP JGTWPVGTIGNCUUGPGT 8QTJCPI OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 5QOOGT # (GKPG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5156

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ( * -TÒIGT CWH FKG #WUNÌUEJWPI FGT MÌPKINKEJGP (COKNKG FWTEJ FGP 6QF KJTGU 5QJPGU FGU &CWRJKPU .QWKU %JCTNGU FG $QWTDQP .QWKU :8++ CO ,WPK &KG $TWUVDKNFGT XQP .QWKU :8+ WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKG #PVQKPGVVG 6QEJVGT /CTKC 6JGTGUKCU XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ PGDGP GKPCPFGT T \YKUEJGP KJPGP FKG $ÒUVG KJTGU 5QJPGU T )GHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU OKV FTGK 5VGTPGP UKV\V CWH 5CTMQRJCI PGDGP KJO NKGIGP -TQPG WPF <GRVGT FCXQT TCWEJGPFG 7TPG OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 5NI ,WNKWU (GKPG 6ÌPWPI UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ .QWKU %JCTNGU FG $QWTDQP

/·T\ 8GTUCKNNGU Ó 2CTKU YWTFG PCEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGU ·NVGTGP $TWFGTU .QWKU ,QUGRJ -TQPRTKP\ XQP (TCPMTGKEJ 'T YKTF XQP /QPCTEJKUVGP CNU .QWKU :8++ NGIKVKOGT 0CEJHQNIGT UGKPGU 8CVGTU .QWKU :8+ CPIGUGJGP QDYQJN GT PKG TGIKGTV JCV

FRANKREICH

5157

'KPUGKVKIGU $TQP\G *QJNIWOGFCKNNQP Q , XQP 2 , &CXKF IGPCPPV &CXKF F #PIGTU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT $KNFJCWGT CWH FGP LWPIGP )GPGTCN 0CRQN¾QP 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF 0CRQN¾QPU HCUV X X OKV YGJGP FGO *CCT OO 5NI ,WNKWU p 8QT\ÒINKEJ 0CRQN¾QP 5QJP GKPGU #FXQMCVGP CWH -QTUKMC DGUWEJVG /KNKV·TUEJWNGP KP $TKGPPG WPF 2CTKU WPF DGICPP UGKPG -CTTKGTG CNU 7PVGTNGWVPCPV FGT #TVKNNGTKG OKV ,CJTGP $QPCRCTVG YCT $CVVGTKG %JGH KP FGT +VCNKGP #TOGG

WPF YWTFG $TKICFG )GPGTCN OKV ,CJTGP 0CEJ FGO 5VWT\ FGT ,CMQDKPGT YWTFG GT CO ,WNK XGTJCHVGV LGFQEJ UEJQP PCEJ \YGK 9QEJGP YKGFGT HTGKIGNCUUGP 'T UEJNWI HÒT $CTTCU FGP TQ[CNKUVKUEJGP #WHUVCPF IGIGP FCU &KTGMVQTKWO FKG 4GXQNWVKQPUTGIKGTWPI PKGFGT 1MVQDGT YWTFG &KXKUKQPUIGPGTCN WPF 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT #TOGG KO +PPGTGP (TCPMTGKEJU WPF FGT +VCNKGPCTOGG OKV ,CJTGP +O UGNDGP ,CJT JGKTCVGVG GT ,QU¾RJKPG $GCWJCTPCKU 0CEJ UGKPGO UKGITGKEJGP (GNF\WI KP +VCNKGP WPF UGKPGT 'ZRGFKVKQP PCEJ I[RVGP WPF 5[TKGP IGNCPI $QPCRCTVG PCEJ UGKPGT JGKONKEJGP 4ÒEMMGJT PCEJ 2CTKU FGT 5VWT\ FGU &KTGMVQTKWOU 'T ÒDGTPCJO FKG /CEJV CO 0QXGODGT GTMN·TVG FKG 4GXQNWVKQP CNU DGGPFGV WPF YWTFG -QPUWN

FRANKREICH

5158

5159

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ' )CVVGCWZ CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT 5VCFV /CPVWC FWTEJ 0CRQN¾QP $ÒUVG FGU 2WDNKWU 8GTIKNKWU /CTQ

X %JT DGK /CPVWC Ó X %JT KP $TKPFKUK T OKV *CCTDCPF /CWGT MTQPG FCTWPVGT 5EJYCP N OO 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #0 XQP % .CX[ CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT 5VCFV /CPVWC FWTEJ 0CRQN¾QP &KG 5VCFVIÌVVKP XQP /CPVWC UVGJV PCEJ T WPF ÒDGTTGKEJV GKPGO -TKGIGT KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI FKG 5VCFVUEJNÒUUGN KO *KPVGTITWPF $TÒEMG $NKV\ FCTÒDGT \YGK FCTWPVGT FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP -TCP\ OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 -NGKPGT (NGEM XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP +VCNKGPHGNF\WI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5161

5160

1XCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #0 8++ WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 4CV FGT (ÒPHJWPFGTV GKPG FGT DGKFGP -CO OGTP FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 2CTNCOGPVU )GUGV\GUVCHGN OKV FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT 5EJNCPIGPTKPI (CUEGU \YKUEJGP \YGK (ÒNNJÌTPGTP UQYKG .QTDGGT D\Y 'KEJGPNCWD QDGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ Z OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG #0 8++ XQP # )CNNG CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 1DGT·I[RVGP -QRH FGT +UKU N -TQMQFKN N CP 2CNOG IGMGVVGV OO 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

FRANKREICH

0#21.'10 #.5 ,70)'4 )'0'4#.

5157

FRANKREICH

0#21.'10 #.5 -#+5'4

5167

FRANKREICH

5162

&#5 -1057.#6 0#21.'105

%QPUWNCV 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #0 8+++ XQP , 2 /QPVCIP[ PCEJ GKPGT 8QTNCIG XQP $ #PFTKGW CWH FKG ªDGTSWGTWPI FGU ITQGP 5V $GTPJCTF 2CUUGU $ÒUVG 0CRQN¾QPU T \YKUEJGP #TOCVWTGP FCTWPVGT 6CHGN OKV &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP /CTGPIQ 0CRQN¾QP N \W 4Q CO 5V $GTPJCTF OKV FGT 4GEJVGP UEJNGWFGTV GT $NKV\G CWH (GNUGP OO I 5NI ,WNKWU FQTV KP $TQP\G <GKV\ p (GKPG 6ÌPWPI MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5163

5165

5164

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #0 XQP $ &WXKXKGT CWH FKG )TWPFUVGKPNGIWPI FGT 0CVKQPCNU·WNG CO ,WNK 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF 0CRQN¾QPU T FCTWPVGT XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &KG 0CVKQPCNU·WNG CWH FGT 2NCEG FG NC %QPEQTFG UQNNVG FGT LWPIGP 0CVKQP GNH ,CJTG PCEJ FGT 4GXQNWVKQP CNU KFGPVKV·VUVKHVGPFGU 5[ODQN FKGPGP YWTFG LGFQEJ PKG XQNNGPFGV

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # #DTCOUQP CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP .WP¾XKNNG -[DGNG OKV /CWGTMTQPG 5VCD WPF 6TQOOGN 6[ORCPQP UKV\V PCEJ T CWH GKPGO XQP \YGK .ÌYGP IG\QIGPGP 9CIGP T FCXQT UEJTGKVGV 2CZ OKV ¤N\YGKI WPF (ÒNNJQTP &GT /GGTIQVV 1EGCPWU NKGIV PCEJ N CWH DGYGIVGT 5GG KP FGT .KPMGP GKP 5EJKNHTQJT WPF FKG 4GEJVG WO (TKGFGP DKVVGPF \WO *KOOGN GTJQDGP OO I *QHHOCPP 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 5NI ,WNKWU 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #0 : XQP % # /GTEK¾ CWH FKG KP .QPFQP UKIPKGTVGP 8QTXGTJCPFNWPIGP \WO (TKGFGP XQP #OKGPU \YKUEJGP (TCPMTGKEJ 5RCPKGP UQYKG FGT $CVCXKUEJGP 4GRWDNKM OKV )TQDTKVCPPKGP IGYKFOGV XQP FGP $ÒTIGTP .[QPU $ÒUVG 0CRQN¾QPU N FCTWPVGT HÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP #DUEJPKVVUNKPKG WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO I 'KOGT p 2CZ KP 0WOOKU

FQTV KP $TQP\G 5NI ,WNKWU 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

FRANKREICH

5166

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #0 +8 XQP $ #PFTKGW CWH FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGU ÌHHGPVNKEJGP 7PVGTTKEJVU $ÒUVG 0CRQN¾QPU T 'KP ,WIGPFNKEJGT KP CPVKMGT -NGKFWPI UKV\V PCEJ N CWH GKPGO 5QEMGN WPF UVWFKGTV GKPG $WEJTQNNG OKV ITKGEJKUEJGP 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP \W UGKPGP (ÒGP $GJ·NVGT OKV FTGK YGKVGTGP $WEJTQNNGP N 2CNO\YGKI QDGP 5VGTP OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G (GKPG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ

&#5 -#+5'467/ 0#21.'105

5167 1:1,3

0CRQN¾QP + 'KPUGKVKIGU $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNQP Q , XQP # $QX[ $ÒUVG N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO 5NI ,WNKWU p XIN 8QTFGTUGKVG FQTV XQP #PFTKGW +P XGTIQNFGVGT <KGTGKPHCUUWPI /KP DGTKGDGP XQT\ÒINKEJ 0CEJFGO 0CRQN¾QP KO -QCNKVKQPUMTKGI KP +VCNKGP ÒDGT FKG ¤UVGTTGKEJGT WPF KO -QCNKVKQPUMTKGI IGIGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF )TQDTKVCPPKGP IGUKGIV JCVVG UEJNQ GT (TKGFGP 'T DGHGUVKIVG KPPGPRQNKVKUEJ UGKPG /CEJVRQUKVKQP NKG UKEJ PCEJ 2NGDKU\KVGP \WP·EJUV \WO -QPUWN CWH .GDGPU\GKV GTPGPPGP WPF YWTFG CNU 0CRQN¾QP + \WO -CKUGT FGT (TCP\QUGP IGMTÌPV /KV FGO %QFG %KXKNG CWEJ %QFG 0CRQN¾QP TGHQTOKGTVG 0CRQN¾QP 8GTYCNVWPI ,WUVK\ WPF 'T\KGJWPIUYGUGP \WT -QPUQNKFKGTWPI FGT 4GXQNWVKQP )NCP\XQNNGT *ÌJGRWPMV UGKPGT MQOGVGPJCHVGP .CWHDCJP YCT FGT (ÒTUVGPVCI KP 'THWTV OKV <CT #NGZCPFGT + CWU FGO HGTPGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI WPF ,QJCPP 9QNHICPI XQP )QGVJG CWU FGO PCJGIGNGIGPGP 9GKOCT CNU FGP ITQGP 5VCTU 0CEJ 'THWTV DGICPP FGT #DUVKGI 5EJNKGNKEJ YWTFG GT PCEJ FGP ITQGP 0KGFGTNCIGP XQP .GKR\KI WPF 9CVGTNQQ PCEJ 5V *GNGPC KO #VNCPVKM XGTDCPPV 0CEJ UGKPGO 6QF DNÒJVG FGT 0CRQN¾QPMWNV +O .GDGP JCV GT FKG 9GNV XGTHGJNV KO 6QFG DGUKV\V GT UKG /KV FKGUGP 9QTVGP JCV %JCVGCWDTKCPF FKG 9KTMWPI 0CRQN¾QPU CWH FKG 0CEJYGNV UGJT IWV EJCTCMVGTKUKGTV

3WGNNG +OCPWGN )GKUU )GUEJKEJVG ITKHHDGTGKV

FRANKREICH

5169

5168

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #0 :++ XQP , 2 &TQ\ CWH FGP $CW XQP 5EJKHHGP $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGT MTCP\ *GTMWNGU UVGJV PCEJ N WPF HGUUGNV FGP GPINKUEJGP .ÌYGP OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #0 :+++ XQP 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG -TÌPWPIUHGKGTNKEJMGKVGP KP 2CTKU $ÒUVGP 0CRQN¾QPU OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP ,QU¾RJKPG FG $GCWJCTPCKU

Ó OKV &KCFGO PGDGPGKPCPFGT T #FNGT OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ CWH FGO *CWRV CWH <YGKIGP OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5170

5168

5171

5172

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , $ /GTNGP CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI WPF FGP $GUWEJ XQP 2CRUV 2KWU 8++ KP 2CTKU 0CRQN¾QP + KP -TÌPWPIUQTPCV UVGJV X X CWH GKPGO 5EJKNF FGT XQP XKGT 5QNFCVGP KP OKVVGNCNVGTNKEJGT 4ÒUVWPI IGVTCIGP YKTF N -CPQPG T OGJTMÌRHKIGU 7PIGJGWGT 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT .QTDGGT MTCP\ OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ p 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW CWH FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT 2QEMGPKORHWPI GPVYKEMGNV CWU FGT .[ORJG GKPGU OKV -WJRQEMGP IGKORHVGP /GPUEJGP $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #GUEWNCR OKV 5EJNCPIGPUVCD UVGJV X X WPF WOCTOV UEJÒV\GPF FKG PGDGP KJO UVGJGPFG 8GPWU N -WJ T 4KV\OGUUGT WPF 4ÌJTEJGP OO I 5NI $TGVVCWGT 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G (GKPG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP . /CPHTGFKPK CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI KP /CKNCPF $ÒUVG N OKV 'KUGTPGT -TQPG &KG 9CRRGP FGT HÒPH JWNFKIGPFGP 2TQXKP\GP OO 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

FRANKREICH

5174

5173

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP . /CPHTGFKPK CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 9KGP $GJGNOVGT -QRH N &KG RGTUQPK HK\KGTVG VTCWGTPFG 5VCFV 9KGP UKV\V PCEJ T CO $QFGP XQT KJT 6TQRJ·G CWU CPVKMGP 4ÒUVWPIUUVÒEMGP GKPGO 5EJYGTV WPF GKPGO OKV FGO &QRRGNCFNGT WPF FGP +PKVKCNGP XQP -CKUGT (TCP\ ++ XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ IGUEJOÒEMVGP 5EJKNF OO I 5NI *QTUM[ 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ p (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW CWH UGKPGP 5KGI ÒDGT #NGZCPFGT + XQP 4WNCPF WPF (TCP\ + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK #WUVGTNKV\ $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &KG DGNQTDGGTVGP $ÒUVGP XQP #NGZCPFGT + WPF (TCP\ + GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT OO I 5NI *QTUM[ 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G (GKPG 2CVKPC MN 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK #WUVGTNKV\ MO ÌUVNKEJ XQP $TÒPP CO &G\GODGT YCT GKPGT FGT DGFGWVGPFUVGP 5KGIG 0CRQN¾QPU

5175

5176

5177

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 2 &TQ\ WPF $ #PFTKGW CWH UGKPG <WUCOOGPMWPHV OKV -CKUGT (TCP\ ++ XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ CO &G\GODGT KP 7TUEJKV\ /·JTGP $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 0CRQN¾QP UVGJV PCEJ N WPF GORH·PIV FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -CKUGT KP FGT /KVVG 5VCPFCTVG OO I 5NI ,WNKWU

FQTV KP $TQP\G <GKV\ \W FQTV KP $TQP\G 8QTFGTUGKVG XQP $ #PFTKGW 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 9KP\ -TCV\GT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 8GPGFKI $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #PUKEJV FGT 4KCNVQ $TÒEMG ÒDGT FGO %CPCNG )TCPFG OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GUU &KXQ <ÒTKEJ 0T

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 8GPGFKI $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #PUKEJV FGT 4KCNVQ $TÒEMG ÒDGT FGO %CPCNG )TCPFG OO 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

FRANKREICH

5178

5179

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW CWH FKG 9KGFGTJGTUVGNNWPI FGT $TÒEMG DGK #XKIPQP ÒDGT FKG 4JQPG $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #PUKEJV FGT $TÒEMG FCTÒDGT UEJYGDGPFG 8KMVQTKC OKV 2CNO\YGKI T 6TQRJ·G OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ p 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 2 &TQ\ WPF . ,CNG[ CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 7NO WPF /GOOKPIGP KO 1MVQDGT $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &GT -CKUGT UVGJV PCEJ T KP GKPGO XQP \YGK 2HGTFGP IG\QIGPGP 6TKWORJYCIGP FCTÒDGT UEJYGDV 8KMVQTKC OKV -TCP\ WPF 2CNO\YGKI N WPVGT FGP 2HGTFGP \YGK 5VCFVIÌVVKPPGP FKG FGO -CKUGT LG GKPGP 5EJNÒUUGN FCTTGKEJGP OO I 0CW XCT 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ p \W FQTV KP $TQP\G (GKPG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5180

5181

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 2 &TQ\ WPF ( $TGPGV CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP +UVTKGP $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGT MTCP\ #PUKEJV FGU 6GORGNU FGU #WIWUVWU KP 2WNC OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ \W

FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG )TÒPFWPI FGU 4JGKPDWPFGU $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ (CUEGUDÒPFGN FCTCWH FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #FNGT WOJGT UVGJGP FGWVUEJG (ÒTUVGP FKG GKPGP 5EJYWT NGKUVGP OO 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5182

5183

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF . ,CNG[ CWH UGKPGP 'KP\WI KP $GTNKP CO 1MVQDGT $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #PUKEJV FGU $TCPFGPDWTIGT 6QTU OO /CTKGPD XCT 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ XCT 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

100

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF )GQTIG CWH FKG $GUGV\WPI FGT 5VCFV *CODWTI $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ *COOQPKC OKV /CWGTMTQPG UKV\V X X CWH 5EJKHH KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5VGWGTTWFGT KO NKPMGP #TO (ÒNNJQTP OO I )CGF FQTV KP )QNF 5NI ,WNKWU FQTV KP $TQP\G <GKV\ XCT FQTV KP $TQP\G #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

FRANKREICH

5184

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW CWH FKG #NNKCP\ OKV 5CEJUGP WPF FKG 'TJGDWPI 5CEJUGPU \WO -ÌPKITGKEJ $TWUVDKNFGT XQP 0CRQN¾QP + WPF -CTN FGO )TQGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT T $ÒUVGP XQP (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV + WPF 9KVVGMKPF PGDGPGKPCPFGT T OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /GTUGD <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FGP $CWDGIKPP FGU #TE FG 6TKQORJG FW %CTTQWUGN KO *QH FGU .QWXTG $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #PUKEJV FGU 6TKWORJDQIGPU OO 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ XCT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5186

5185

5187

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP $ #PFTKGW CWH UGKPG #PYGUGPJGKV KP 1UVGTQFG 1UVRTGWGP $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ $ÒUVG FGU TÌOKUEJGP (GNFJGTTP 3WKPVWU (CDKWU /CZKOWU + N OO 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF )GQTIG CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT FTGK *CWRVUV·FVG $GTNKP 9CTUEJCW WPF -ÌPKIUDGTI $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &KG FTGK 5VCFVIÌVVKPPGP UVGJGP X X OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5188

5189

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG 'TTKEJVWPI FGU *GT\QIVWOU 9CTUEJCW $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ )QVKUEJGT 6JTQP OKV -TQPG \W FGP 5GKVGP 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT OO I * %\ 0CEJVTCI 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ XCT FQTV KP $TQP\G 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG 'TTKEJVWPI FGU -ÌPKITGKEJGU 9GUV RJCNGP $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 7PDGMNGKFGVGT /CPP OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ UVGJV PCEJ T WPF J·NV FCU YGUVH·NKUEJG 4Q OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

101

FRANKREICH

5190

<KPP 5VGEMOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 6 5VGVVPGT CWH FKG 5KGIG FGU ,CJTGU 0CRQN¾QP KO -TÌPWPIUQTPCV TGKVGV N FCXQT 6TKWORJDQIGP #VJGPC UVGJV PCEJ N WPF J·NV GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ ÒDGT GKPGP 5·WNGPCNVCT CWH FGO DGTGKVU \YGK -T·P\G NKGIGP T 'WNG OO +PJCNV VGKNYGKUG OKV GKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPG UEJYCT\ YGKG -WRHGTUVKEJG OKV 5EJNCEJVU\GPGP XQO /CK DKU \WO ,WPK KP FGP &GEMGNKPPGPUGKVGP DGHKPFGP UKEJ \YGK NQUG -WRHGTUVKEJG 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 2TGNGT FQTV OKV -WRHGTUVKEJGP 5NI 'TNCPIGT p 5NI 'TNCPIGT ++ p 5NI ,WNKWU FQTV OKV -WRHGTUVKEJGP 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5192

5191

102

5191

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV XQP 'UUNKPI JGWVG 5VCFVVGKN XQP 9KGP WPF FKG ªDGTSWGTWPI FGT &QPCW &GT (NWIQVV FGT &QPCW \GTDTKEJV GKPG 2QPVQPDTÒEMG CWH FGT GKPG -CPQPG UVGJV \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP (GNF\GKEJGP 0CRQN¾QPU (TCP\ÌUKUEJG 5QNFCVGP ÒDGTSWGTGP GKPG JÌN\GTPG $TÒEMG QDGP UEJYGDV 8KMVQTKC N OKV -TCP\ OO 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG #PINKGFGTWPI FGU TÌOKUEJGP 5VCCVU IGDKGVU CP (TCPMTGKEJ $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &GT (NWIQVV FGU 6KDGT NCIGTV PCEJ N CP 3WGNNWTPG IGNGJPV KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5VGWGTTWFGT KO NKPMGP #TO (ÒNNJQTP \W UGKPGP (ÒGP 9ÌNHKP OKV GKPGO FGT <YKNNKPIG KO *KPVGTITWPF *ÒIGN OKV ,WRKVGTVGORGN QDGP #FNGT OKV $NKV\ KP FGP (·PIGP OO 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ XCT 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

FRANKREICH

5193

5194

5195

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP . /CPHTGFKPK CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV 'T\JGT\QIKP /CTKG .QWKUG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU -CKUGTU (TCP\ + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ CO #RTKN KP 2CTKU $ÒUVGP FGU $TCWVRCCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT T )GPKWU OKV (CEMGN KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF 6WEJ KP FGT .KPMGP XGTVTGKDV GKPGP -TKGIGT KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ FQTV KP $TQP\G <GKV\ p 4 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ /CTKG .QWKUG FKG ·NVGUVG 6QEJVGT FGU ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -CKUGTU (TCP\ + YWTFG IGIGP KJTGP 9WPUEJ OKV 0CRQN¾QP PCEJ FGUUGP 6TGPPWPI XQP ,QUGRJKPG XGTO·JNV #O /·T\ HCPF GKPG (GTPVTCWWPI \YKUEJGP FGT FCOCNU L·JTKIGP 'T\JGT\QIKP WPF FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CKUGT UVCVV CWU FKGUGO #PNC YWTFG FGT NCPIL·JTKIG )GH·JTVG WPF GPIG 8GTVTCWVG 0CRQN¾QPU #NGZCPFTG $GTVJKGT IGUCPFV WO FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CKUGT Y·JTGPF FGT <GTGOQPKG \W XGTVTGVGP &KG QHHK\KGNNG *QEJ\GKV XQP 0CRQN¾QP WPF /CTKG .QWKUG HCPF CO #RTKN KP 2CTKU UVCVV 0CEJ FGT #DFCPMWPI 0CRQN¾QPU HNQJ UKG \WP·EJUV PCEJ 9KGP +JT YWTFGP KO 9KGPGT -QPITG FKG *GT\QIVÒOGT 2CTOC 2KCEGP\C WPF )WCUVCNNC \WIGURTQEJGP 1DYQJN UKG OKV 0CRQN¾QP DKU \W FGUUGP 6QF XGTJGKTCVGV DNKGD NGDVG UKG KP 2CTOC OKV FGO )TCHGP #FCO #NDGTV XQP 0GKRRGTI DKU \W FGUUGP 6QF \WUCOOGP &KG -KPFGT CWU FKGUGT 8GTDKPFWPI FKG FWTEJ OQTICPCVKUEJG 'JGUEJNKGWPI NGIKVKOKUKGTV YWTFG GTJKGNVGP FGP 0COGP /QPVGPWQXQ +O ,CJT JGKTCVGVG /CTKG .QWKUG GKP FTKVVGU /CN %JCTNGU 4GP¾ FG $QODGNNGU /KPKUVGT KP 2CTOC +O &G\GODGT UVCTD FKG ¤UVGTTGKEJGTKP FKG UKEJ KP 2CTOC \W GKPGT GEJVGP .CPFGUOWVVGT GPVYKEMGNV JCVVG KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP CP GKPGT $TWUVHGNNGPV\ÒPFWPI

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU XQP % # /GTEK¾ CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV 'T\JGT\QIKP /CTKG .QWKUG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU -CKUGTU (TCP\ + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ CO #RTKN KP 2CTKU $ÒUVGP FGU $TCWVRCCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT N WOJGT -TCP\ &KG 5VCFVIÌVVKP XQP 2CTKU UVGJV PCEJ T WPF UEJTGKDV CWH GKPGP 5EJKNF FGP UKG OKV FGT .KPMGP CWH GKPGO HNCOOGPFGP #NVCT J·NV OO 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p <GKV\ p 5R·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF , ,QWCPPKP CWH FKG )GDWTV UGKPGU 5QJPGU 0CRQN¾QP (TCP¼QKU ,QUGRJ %JCTNGU -ÌPKI XQP 4QO $ÒUVG FGU -KPFGU N &KG -CKUGTKP /CTKG .QWKUG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU -CKUGTU (TCP\ + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ UVGJV X X KP CPVKMGO )GYCPF WPF J·NV FCU 0GWIGDQTGPG CWH FGO #TO OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5196

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP . ,CNG[ CWH FKG 0QVCTG XQP 4QWGP $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV <GRVGT KP FGT .KPMGP UKV\V PCEJ N CP 6KUEJ WPF UEJTGKDV OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ p (GKPG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

103

FRANKREICH

5198

5197

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF XGTOWVNKEJ * ( $TCPFV UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU CWH UGKPGP 'KP\WI KP /QUMCW $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #PUKEJV FGU -TGONU OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT /KNKV·TUVCPFCTVG OO &KCMQX p 5NI ,WNKWU XCT <GKV\ XCT 5R·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF # ( /KEJCWV CWH FKG #PMWPHV FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #TOGG CP FGT 9QNIC $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &GT (NWIQVV FGT 9QNIC HNKGJV T XQT FGO PCRQN¾QPKUEJGP (GNF \GKEJGP OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5199

104

5200

5201

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF # )CNNG CWH FGP 4ÒEM\WI FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #TOGG CWU 4WNCPF $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ .CPFUEJCHV FCTKP XGTVTGKDV FGT )QVV FGU 0QTFYKPFGU GKPGP CPVKM IGMNGKFGVGP -TKGIGT KPFGO GT 'KU WPF *CIGN CWU GKPGO 9KPFUCEM RTGV CO $QFGP NKGIGP GKP VQVGU 2HGTF WPF GKP -CPQPGPTQJT KO *KPVGTITWPF UVGJGP GKP DTGPPGPFGT -CTTGP WPF GKP MCJNGT $CWO OO I &KCMQX p 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # , &GRCWNKU WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK .ÒV\GP 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF T FCTÒDGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ -QUCMG WPF RTGWKUEJGT 5QNFCV TGKVGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT T WPF DNKEMGP \WTÒEM KO *KPVGTITWPF 6TWRRGP OO I &KCMQX p 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ 5VGORGNHGJNGT CO 4CPF MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG 'TTKEJVWPI GKPGU /QPWOGPVU CWH FGO /QPV %GPKU $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #PUKEJV FGU /QPWOGPVU CWH FGO $GTI OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

FRANKREICH

5202

6TCIDCTGT /GUUKPI /KPKCVWTDWEJGKPDCPF Q , CWH 0CRQN¾QP + /GFCKNNQP OKV $TWUVDKNF 0CRQN¾QPU N UGKVNKEJ 0#21.'10 + FCJKPVGT -QRH WPF 5EJYKPIG GKPGU #FNGTU WPVGP .QTDGGT\YGKI WPF &'215' .QTDGGTMTCP\ \YKUEJGP 1TPCOGPVGP 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG YGTFGP FWTEJ GKP 5EJCTPKGT \WUCOOGPIGJCNVGP #P FGT WPVGTGP 5GKVG DGHKPFGV UKEJ GKP *CMGP \WO 8GTUEJNKGGP FGU $WEJGU CP FGT QDGTGP 5GKVG KUV GKPG 6TCIGÌUG CPIGDTCEJV +PJCNV #EJV OGKUV CPGKPCPFGTJ·PIGPFG \WUCOOGPIGHCNVGVG UEJYCT\ YGKG /KPKCVWTHQVQITCHKGP ,WIGPFNKEJGU $TWUVDKNF 0CRQN¾QPU -QPHGTGP\ 0CRQN¾QP WPF #NGZCPFGT 5EJNCEJV DGK ,GPC 0CRQN¾QP XGTYWPFGV DGK 4GIGPUDWTI 0CRQN¾QP WPF UGKPG (COKNKG 0CRQN¾QP DGK #WUVGTNKV\ 0CRQN¾QP GORH·PIV )·UVG )T·HKP $GCWEJCOR 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5203

5204

5205

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH UGKPG 4ÒEMMGJT XQP 'NDC PCEJ 2CTKU )GMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV 1TFGPUMTGW\ KO 5EJPCDGN HNKGIV X X ÒDGT .CPFUEJCHV 0CRQN¾QP KP 7PKHQTO UVGJV PCEJ T WPF YKTF XQP GKPGO $ÒTIGT OKV QHHGPGP #TOGP DGITÒV T )TGPCFKGT FGT KJO GKP )GYGJT GPVIGIGPJ·NV OO I 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 )C[TCTF CWH FKG 9QTVG FGU *GT\QIU %JCTNGU (GTFKPCPF XQP $GTT[

Ó CO /·T\ KP $GVJWPG 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU *GT\QIU N 51.&#65 0' 6+4'< 2#5 0175 51//'5 6175 (4#0%#+5 FCTWPVGT #DUEJPKVVUNKPKG WPF \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I %QNNKIPQP 5NI ,WNKWU p 8QT\ÒINKEJ #O -CTHTGKVCI FGO /·T\ MCOGP FGT %QOVG F #TVQKU WPF FGT &WE FG $GTT[ KP $GVJWPG CP &KG )CTPKUQP FGT 5VCFV YCT \YKUEJGP 4Q[CNKUVGP WPF $QPCRCTVKUVGP CWHIGVGKNV #NU GU CP FKG 9CHHGP IKPI TKGH FGT LWPIG *GT\QI 5QNFCVGP PKEJV UEJKGGP YKT UKPF CNNG HTCP\ÌUKUEJ

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG IGRT·IV XQP 6 9GDD WPF 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG ªDGTICDG 0CRQN¾QPU CP #FOKTCN /CKVNCPF \WT (CJTV OKV FGT $GNNGTQRJQP PCEJ 5V *GNGPC 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF T #PUKEJV FGT (TGICVVG OKV $GINGKVUEJKHH CWH 5GG OO 'KOGT 5NI ,WNKWU <GKV\ p 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 0CRQN¾QP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

105

FRANKREICH

5206

&+' 4'56#74#6+10 &'5 -¤0+)4'+%*5 (4#0-4'+%*

.QWKU :8+++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' )CVVGCWZ 5KIPCVWT UEJNGEJV GTMGPPDCT CWU FGT 5GTKG )CNGTKG OGVCNNKSWG FGU ITCPFU *QOOGU HTCP¼CKU CWH FKG 5EJTKHVUVGNNGTKP #PPG .QWKUG )GTOCKPG FG 5VCëN *QNUVGKP

Ó $TWUVDKNF FGT #WVQTKP T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I %QNNKIPQP FQTV KP $TQP\G *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG 5EJTKHVUVGNNGTKP FKG CNNIGOGKP CNU /CFCOG FG 5VCëN DGMCPPV KUV YCT FKG 6QEJVGT FGU CWU )GPH UVCOOGPFGP $CPMKGTU WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP (KPCP\OKPKUVGTU ,CESWGU 0GEMGT 5KG IKNV CNU $GITÒPFGTKP FGT .KVGTCVWTUQ\KQNQIKG WPF FGT XGTINGKEJGPFGP .KVGTCVWTYKUUGPUEJCHV

5207

%JCTNGU : $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ' )CVVGCWZ CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI KP FGT -CVJGFTCNG XQP 4GKOU CO /CK )GMÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T KP -TÌPWPIUQTPCV -TÌPWPIUU\GPG OO %QNNKIPQP 9KP\ (NGEMGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

5208

5208 1,5:1

.QWKU 2JKNKRRG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 )C[TCTF CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGT 6QEJVGT .QWKUG /CTKG

Ó OKV .GQRQNF + XQP $GNIKGP CO #WIWUV $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGT MTCP\ /CTKG .QWKUG WPF .GQRQNF + UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT WPF TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG *·PFG OO I %QNNKIPQP p /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

106

FRANKREICH

5209

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , , $CTTG CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGT MÌPKINKEJGP (COKNKG KP FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG 2CTKU CO 0QXGODGT &KG 2QTVT·VOGFCKNNQPU XQP .QWKU 2JKNKRRG WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKG #OGNKG GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT FC\YKUEJGP IGHNÒIGNVG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV 'KEJGP\YGKIGP KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF $NWOGP KP FGT .KPMGP WPVGP JCNVGP \YGK 2WVVGP GKPG IGMTÌPVG -CTVWUEJG OKV FGT 8GTHCUUWPI XQP 8KGT /GFCKNNQPU OKV FGP 2QTVT·VU YGKVGTGT /KVINKGFGT FGT MÌPKINKEJGP (COKNKGP FKG XQP HÒPH CNNGIQTKUEJGP )GUVCNVGP IGJCNVGP YGTFGP OO /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 5 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5210

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , , $CTTG CWH FGP $CWDGIKPP FGT 'KUGPDCJPNKPKG XQP 5VTCDWTI PCEJ $CUGN &KG 5VCFVIÌVVKPPGP XQP $CUGN WPF 5VTCDWTI OKV KJTGP 5VCFVUEJKNFGP TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG *CPF KO *KPVGT ITWPF .QMQOQVKXG .QMQOQVKXG N OO I %QNNKIPQP p &ÌT[ -WDKPU\M[ /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 8QT\ÒINKEJ &GT $CW FGT 'KUGPDCJPNKPKGP KP 'WTQRC WPF CWH FGP CPFGTGP -QPVKPGPVGP YCT GKP /GKNGPUVGKP KP FGT 'TUEJNKGWPI FGT 9GNV FWTEJ FGP 8GTMGJT CWH FGO .CPFYGI &KG 'KUGPDCJP YCT FCU GTUVG FGT UEJPGNNGP /CUUGPXGTMGJTUOKVVGN FGT 0GW\GKV &GT #WHDCW FGU 5EJKGPGPXGTMGJTU ÒDVG ITQGP 'KPHNW CWH FKG YKTVUEJCHVNKEJG VGEJPKUEJG WPF RQNKVKUEJG 'PVYKEMNWPI FGT KPFWUVTKCNKUKGTVGP 5VCCVGP CWU $GK FGT ªDGTYKPFWPI FGT -NGKPUVCCVGTGK KP &GWVUEJNCPF GDGPUQ YKG \ $ DGK FGT $GUKGFGNWPI FGU COGTKMCPKUEJGP 9GUVGPU URKGNVG FKG 'KUGPDCJP GKPG YKEJVKIG 4QNNG +O ,CJT PCJO FKG GTUVG &CORHGKUGPDCJP \WP·EJUV PWT HÒT FGP )ÒVGTXGTMGJT KP 'PINCPF \YKUEJGP &CTNKPIVQP WPF 5VQEMVQP FGP $GVTKGD CWH )GUEJYKPFKIMGKV YCT MO J (ÒT GKPGP 'KUGPDCJPRGTUQPGPXGTMGJT YWTFG FKG 5VTGEMG \YKUEJGP /CPEJGUVGT WPF .KXGTRQQN GTÌHHPGV 'PINCPF YCT 2KQPKGT FGU 'KUGPDCJPXGTMGJTU +P &GWVUEJNCPF YWTFG OKV FGT MO NCPIGP .WFYKIUDCJP XQP 0ÒTPDGTI PCEJ (ÒTVJ FCU PGWG <GKVCNVGT FGT 2WHHKPI $KNN[ GKPIGN·WVGV /KV FGT VGEJPKUEJGP 9GKVGTGPVYKEMNWPI FGT 'KUGPDCJP GTNGDVG FKG 'KUGP WPF /CUEJKPGPDCWKPFWUVTKG IGHQNIV XQP FGT 'NGMVTQKPFWUVTKG KP FGT *·NHVG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU GKPGP ITQGP #WHUEJYWPI

3WGNNG /G[GTU 'P\[MNQR·FKUEJGU .GZKMQP

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 'KUGPDCJP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 107

FRANKREICH

5211

5212

5213

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # %CSW¾ CWH FKG ªDGTHÒJTWPI FGT )GDGKPG 0CRQN¾QPU + XQP 5V *GNGPC PCEJ (TCPMTGKEJ WPF FKG $GUVCVVWPI KO +PXCNKFGPFQO CO &G\GODGT 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF 0CRQN¾QPU + T <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP #DUEJPKVVUNKPKG QDGP #FNGT OKV $NKV\ KP FGP (·PIGP WPVGP 7TPG FCTCWH 0 WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ /KV 4CPFRWP\G ¤NNCORG OO I %QNNKIPQP p

FQTV KP $TQP\G 5NI ,WNKWU FQTV KP $TQP\G 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ' 4QICV CWH FKG ªDGTHÒJTWPI FGT )GDGKPG 0CRQN¾QPU + XQP 5V *GNGPC PCEJ (TCPMTGKEJ $ÒUVG 0CRQN¾QPU + T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &KG (TGICVVG $GNNG 2QWNG N CWH 5GG OO %QNNKIPQP 5NI ,WNKWU FQTV KP 5KNDGT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP . / 2GVKV CWH FKG 6CWHG UGKPG 'PMGNU .QWKU 2JKNKRRG #NDGTV F 1TN¾CPU )TCH XQP 2CTKU

Ó $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 6CWHU\GPG OO I %QNNKIPQP p /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 4 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5214

&+' <9'+6' (4#0<¤5+5%*' 4'27$.+-

108

4GRWDNKM $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) CWH FCU /CUUCMGT KP .[QP CO 5GRVGODGT WPF FKG 'PVYCHHPWPI FGT )CTFG 0CVKQPCNG CO ,WNK $GYCHHPGVG $ÒTIGT OKV $CLQPGVVGP (CJPG WPF (TGKJGKVUOÒV\GP OCTUEJKGTGP T $ÒTIGT OKV )GYGJTGP OCTUEJKGTGP N OO %QNNKIPQP p (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

FRANKREICH

5215

5216

5217

<KPPOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 9KGFGTGKPHÒJTWPI FGT )WKNNQVKPG )CNIGP 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ &KG )WKNNQVKPG YCT GKP *KPTKEJVWPIUIGT·V FWTEJ FCU OKVVGNU GKPGU UEJPGNN JGTCDHCNNGPFGP $GKNU FGT -QRH XQO 4WORH IGVTGPPV YWTFG $GPCPPV KUV FKG )WKNNQVKPG PCEJ FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #T\V , + )WKNNQVKP ņ FGT XQTUEJNWI *KPTKEJVWPIGP CWU JWOCPKV·TGP )TÒPFGP OKV GKPGT /CUEJKPG WPF PKEJV OGJT OKV FGO *CPFDGKN \W XQNN\KGJGP #P FGT -QPUVTWMVKQP FGT )WKNNQVKPG JCVVG GT LGFQEJ MGKPGP #PVGKN &CU /QFGNN FGT GKIGPVNKEJGP )WKNNQVKPG HGTVKIVG GKP KP 2CTKU NGDGPFGT FGWVUEJGT /GEJCPKMGT PCOGPU 5EJOKVV CP #D YCT FKG )WKNNQVKPG FCU *KPTKEJVWPIUIGT·V FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GXQNWVKQP /KV FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5VTCHTGEJV YWTFG KP GKPKIGP FGWVUEJGP 4JGKPDWPFUVCCVGP FKG )WKNNQVKPG WPVGT FGT $G\GKEJPWPI (CNNUEJYGTV QFGT (CNNDGKN GKPIGHÒJTV 0CEJ FGO 4GKEJUUVTCHIGUGV\DWEJ XQP FCU FKG 8QNNUVTGEMWPI FGT 6QFGUUVTCHG CNNGKP FWTEJ 'PVJCWRVGP XQTUCJ YCT GU FCU GKP\KIG *KPTKEJVWPIUIGT·V 3WGNNG /G[GTU 'P\[MNQR·FKUEJGU .GZKMQP

&#5 <9'+6' (4#0<¤5+5%*' -#+5'44'+%*

0CRQN¾QP +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # $QTTGN CWH FKG 9KGFGTGTTKEJVWPI FGU HTCP\ÌUK UEJGP -CKUGTTGKEJGU FWTEJ FCU 2NGDKU\KV XQO 0QXGODGT $ÒUVG N #FNGT OKV CWUIGDTGKVGVGP (NÒIGNP X X FGP -QRH PCEJ N IGYCPFV WPVGP 6CHGN OKV FGT 0T $GHÒTYQTVGT QDGP -TQPG XQT \YGK IGMTGW\VGP <GRVGTP WOJGT 5VTCJNGP OO I 2CIG &KXQ &KXQ 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ QHHK\KGNNGP #PICDGP UVKOOVGP $ÒTIGT HÒT WPF PWT IGIGP FKG 9KGFGTGKPHÒJTWPI FGU -CKUGTVWOU 5VKOOGP YCTGP WPIÒNVKI 'U ICD CNNGTFKPIU EC /KQ 'PVJCNVWPIGP

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP &GUCKFG 4QSWGNC[ CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT 5VCFV 5GYCUVQRQN Y·JTGPF FGU -TKOMTKGIGU \YKUEJGP 4WNCPF WPF FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ )TQDTKVCPPKGP 5CTFKPKGP WPF (TCPMTGKEJ $ÒUVG N OKV 'KEJGPMTCP\ )GMTÌPVGT 5EJKNF OKV UGEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPVGP #FNGT CWH .QTDGGT\YGKIGP WOJGT #TOCVWTGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G *CPF %7+84' OO &KCMQX p 2CIG &KXQ &KXQ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T #WH )TWPF KJTGT OKNKV·TKUEJGP $GFGWVWPI YCT FKG DNÒJGPFG *CPFGNUUVCFV 5GYCUVQRQN KO -TKOMTKGI UEJYGT WOM·ORHV 0CEJ FGT GNHOQPCVKIGP $GNCIGTWPI XQP 5GYCUVQRQN YCT UKG CO 5GRVGODGT PWT PQEJ GKP 6TÒOOGTJCWHGP WPF IGNCPIVG FCTCWHJKP PKG OGJT \WO HTÒJGTGP 9QJNUVCPF 5GYCUVQRQN KUV JGWVG FKG ITÌVG 5VCFV CWH FGT WMTCKPKUEJGP *CNDKPUGN -TKO 5KG NKGIV CO 5EJYCT\GP /GGT WPF KUV FWTEJ GKPGP 8GTVTCI OKV 4WNCPF DKU \WO ,CJTG CWEJ *GKOCVJCHGP FGT 5EJYCT\OGGTHNQVVG

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGT 'KUGPDCJPNKPKG )GPH .[QP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 109

FRANKREICH

5218

&+' &4+66' (4#0<¤5+5%*' 4'27$.+-

4GRWDNKM 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP . 9KGPGT CWH FGP 6QF XQP 2T·VGPFGPV *GPTK 8

*GPTK F #TVQKU *GT\QI XQP $QTFGCWZ )TCH XQP %JCODQTF 2CTKU KP (TQJUFQTH CO #WIWUV WPF UGKPG $GKUGV\WPI KO -NQUVGT -QUVCPLGXKEC )ÌT\ CO 5GRVGODGT -QRH *GPTKU T -TGW\ FCTWPVGT (+&'.+6' WOJGT $NÒVGP\YGKIG OO I *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5219

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP % 6TQVKP IGHGTVKIV \WT 'TKPPGTWPI HÒT $GUWEJGT FGT 'VCIG FGU KO UGNDGP ,CJT XQNNGPFGVGP 'KHHGNVWTOU #PUKEJV FGU 'KHHGNVWTOU XQT FGP JÌEJUVGP )GD·WFGP FGT 9GNV (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP 6CHGN HÒT )TCXWTGP OO 9WT\DCEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG (TGKJGKVUUVCVWG KP 0GY ;QTM HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5220

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 ' 8GTPKGT CWH FKG 8GTVGKFKIWPI XQP 8GTFWP IGIGP FGP FGWVUEJGP #PITKHH CO (GDTWCT $TWUVDKNF FGT /CTKCPPG T OKV *GNO 5EJYGTV WPF IGDCNNVGT (CWUV 5VCFVVQT XQP 8GTFWP OO I 9WT\DCEJ +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

110

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV $G\WI \W (TCPMTGKEJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJ TWO·PKUEJG .WHVHCJTVIGUGNNUEJCHV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T /GFCKNNGP CWH FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG $GUCV\WPI FGU 4JGKP WPF 4WJTIGDKGVU HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP FGU +PUVKVWV (TCPEQ ,CRQPCKU KP -[QVQ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

GRIECHENLAND

5221

5222

5221

&+' 8+'46' (4#0<¤5+5%*' 4'27$.+-

4GRWDNKM (TCPEU 5CVKTKUEJG 2TQDG (CPVCUKGRT·IWPI KP #NWOKPKWO XQP # .CXTKNNKGT I /KV INCVVGO 4CPF -CTKMKGTVGT -QRH XQP %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG N )CFQWT[ p /C\CTF p 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP K0WOKU 0T

&+' (ª0(6' (4#0<¤5+5%*' 4'27$.+-

4GRWDNKM UGKV (TCPE 'KPUGKVKIGT 2TQDGCDUEJNCI 'UUCK KP 5KNDGT XQO 8QTFGTUGKVGP UVGORGN XQP ' 4QWUUGCW I /KV INCVVGO 4CPF %JCTNGU FG )CWNNG )CFQWT[ XIN 8QTFGT UGKVG 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5223

(4#0-4'+%* '.5#55 &+' 56#&6 564#55$74)

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( (GEJVGT WPF ) .WV\ CWH FKG <ÒPHVG FGT 5VCFV #PUKEJV FGT DGHGUVKIVGP 5VCFV QDGP KP 9QNMGP JCNVGP \YGK 'PIGN OKV -TCP\ WPF 2CNO\YGKI FCU .KNKGPYCRRGP <YGK .ÌYGP JCNVGP FCU DGJGNOVG 5VCFVYCRRGP WOJGT GKP -TGKU CWU FGP <WPHVYCRRGP OO I 'PIGN .GJT 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JÒDUEJGT 2CVKPC ÒDNKEJGT 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 5VTCDWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5224

)4+'%*'0.#0& &#5 -¤0+)4'+%* )4+'%*'0.#0&

1VVQ + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % 8QKIV CWH UGKPGP 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV -QRH T 9GKDNK EJG )GUVCNV FCU RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG )TKGEJGPNCPF UKV\V PCEJ N OKV .CP\G WPF (ÒNNJQTP KP 2TQTC OO I 9KVV 9WT\DCEJ FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

111

GRIECHENLAND

5225

)GQTI + $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 9 2KVVPGT 9KGP CWH FKG GTUVGP 1N[ORKUEJGP 5RKGNG KP #VJGP XQO #RTKN CWUIGIGDGP HÒT FKG 6GKNPGJOGT FGT 5RKGNG 8KMVQTKC UKV\V JCNDT FGP -QRH PCEJ N IGYCPFV KP FGT .KPMGP 5VCD KP FGT CWUIGUVTGEMVGP 4GEJVGP -TCP\ PGDGP KJT 2JÌPKZ OKV CWUIGDTGKVG VGP (NÒIGNP KO *KPVGTITWPF #MTQRQNKU (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP 5VGTP WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO )CFQWT[ 8GUEQXK 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &KG 1N[ORKUEJGP 5QOOGTURKGNG YCTGP FKG GTUVGP 1N[ORKUEJGP 5RKGNG PCEJFGO FKG 1N[ORKUEJGP 5RKGNG FGT #PVKMG KO ,CJTG XQO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT 6JGQFQUKWU + YGIGP FGT 8GTGJTWPI JGKFPKUEJGT )ÌVVGT XGTDQVGP YQTFGP YCTGP 0CEJ $GTKEJVGP YCT #VJGP Y·JTGPF FGT &CWGT FGT 5RKGNG LGFG 0CEJV DGNGWEJVGV GU HCPFGP (CEMGNWO\ÒIG UVCVV WPF -CRGNNGP URKGNVGP FKG 0CVKQPCNJ[OPGP &C FCU 8GTCPUVCNVWPIURTQITCOO WPF FKG 'KPNCFWPIGP \W #DGPFXGTCPUVCNVWPIGP CWH )TKGEJKUEJ XGTHCUUV YCTGP WPF FCTÒDGT JKPCWU PQEJ FGT ,WNKCPKUEJG -CNGPFGT KP )TKGEJGPNCPF ICNV JCVVGP XKGNG #VJNGVGP QHV /ÒJG FCU TKEJVKIG 9GVVMCORHFCVWO \W GTOKVVGNP

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 1N[ORKCFG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5226

1,5:1

&+' +05'. -4'6#

8GPG\KCPKUEJG $GUKV\WPI $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # 5RKPGNNK CWH *GT\QI #PVQPKQ FC /WNC WPF UGKPGP #PVGKN CP FGT GTHQNITGKEJGP 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT 5VCFV %CPFKC JGWVG *GTCMNKQP IGIGP FKG 1UOCPGP $TWUVDKNF FC /WNCU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &C /WNC WPF FGT )QWXGTPGWT XQP %CPFKC /CTECPVQPKQ 6TGXKUCPK UR·VGT XGPG\KCPKUEJGT &QIG UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT WPF TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG *CPF OO 8QNVQNKPC 44 )GRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCN 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT DTCWPGT 2CVKPC 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W )TKGEJGPNCPF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

112

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5227

5228

5229

)4155$4+6#00+'0 &#5 -¤0+)4'+%* '0).#0&

9KNNKCO ++ 5KNDGTPG 5WKVGPOGFCKNNG Q , IGHGTVKIV XQP , &CUUKGT )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN FGT 4ÒEMGP KUV FGO $GVTCEJVGT \WIGYCPFV 5CTMQRJCI OO I 'KOGT 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'NK\CDGVJ + 5KNDGTPG 5WKVGPOGFCKNNG Q , IGHGTVKIV XQP , &CUUKGT $TWUVDKNF JCNDN OKV &KCFGO 6GORGNCTVKIGU )GD·WFG KP FGO FGT 7PVGTICPI GKPGT (NQVVG CP GKPGO (GNUGP KP UVÒTOKUEJGT XQP )GYKVVGT IGRGKVUEJVGT 5GG FCTIGUVGNNV KUV ÒDGT FGO #TEJKVTCX UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG N UKV\GPFG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 4GNKIKQP OKV .GWEJVGT WPF $WEJ T UKV\GPFG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV *GNO 5VGWGTTWFGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI OO I 'KOGT #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

$TQP\GPG 5WKVGPOGFCKNNG Q , IGHGTVKIV WO WPUKIPKGTV XQP , &CUUKGT CWH FGP GPINKUEJGP &TCOCVKMGT WPF .[TKMGT 9KNNKCO 5JCMGURGCTG

Ó $TWUVDKNF 5JCMGURGCTGU HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $GTINCPFUEJCHV OO 'KOGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5230

&#5 8'4'+0+)6' -¤0+)4'+%* )4155$4+6#00+'0

%JCTNGU + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , $NWO CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGT 6QEJVGT /CTKC

Ó OKV 9KNJGNO ++ XQP 0CUUCW &KG\ 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG &CU $TCWVRCCT TGKEJV UKEJ FKG *·PFG QDGP 6CWDG KP 5VTCJNGP \W FGP 5GKVGP \YGK 2WVVGP KP 9QNMGP FKG -T·P\G ÒDGT FKG -ÌRHG FGU 2CCTGU JCNVGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 4GKVGT -WVUEJG 2CNCUV WPF $WTI CWH *ÒIGN 9KNJGNO KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI UVGJV PCEJ T \W UGKPGP (ÒGP $GNNQPC OKV FGT 4GEJVGP ÒDGTTGKEJV GT FGT CPVKM IGMNGKFGVGP /CTKC GKPGP 1NKXGP\YGKI FC\YKUEJGP UVGJV FGT )GPKWU XQP *QNNCPF OKV 2HGKNDÒPFGN WOJGT 9CHHGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 8KMVQTKC WPF #DWPFCPVKC OO I 'KOGT ,WPIM X .QQP ++ 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 113

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5231

5231 1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , OKV 5KIPCVWT ( XGTOWVNKEJ XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH UGKPG *KPTKEJVWPI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF JCNDN OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5KGDGPMÌRHKIGU /QPUVGT UVGKIV PCEJ T ÒDGT FGP CDIGUEJNCIGPGP -QRH XQP %JCTNGU + WPF ÒDGT -TÌPWPIUKPUKIPKGP JKPYGI OO I 'KOGT /CW¾ p X .QQP ++ 5 NGKEJV XCT 4 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

/GFCKNNGP CWH FGP GTUVGP GPINKUEJ PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP -TKGI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5232

5232 1,5:1

1NKXGT %TQOYGNN 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPGP 6QF )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 5EJ·HGT OKV UGKPGT *GTFG UVGJV CP 1NKXGPDCWO OO I 'KOGT 44 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 1NKXGT %TQOYGNN

Ó YCT 5VCCVUOCPP WPF 4GXQNWVKQP·T \WINGKEJ 'T YCT GKP GPVUEJNQUUGPGT -·ORHGT HÒT FCU 8GTGKPVG -ÌPKITGKEJ 5GKP .GDGP XGTNKGH KP *ÌJGP WPF 6KGHGP DKU \W UGKPGO 6QF #WU PKGFGTGO .CPFCFGN UVCOOGPF YWTFG %TQOYGNN /KVINKGF FGU 2CTNCOGPVU 'T UVKGI \W GKPGO (ÒJTGT FGT 1RRQUKVKQP IGIGP FKG CDUQNWVKUVKUEJG 6GPFGP\ -CTNU + CWH 0CEJ $GIKPP FGU 'PINKUEJGP $ÒTIGTMTKGIGU QTICPKUKGTVG GT FKG UEJYGTG 4GKVGTGK KP 'CUV #PINKC #NU -CXCNNGTKGMQOOCPFGWT JCVVG GT GPVUEJGKFGPFGP #PVGKN CP FGP 5KGIGP ÒDGT FKG 4Q[CNKUVGP 0CEJ FGT (NWEJV FGU -ÌPKIU CWU FGT )GHCPIGPUEJCHV DGUKGIVG GT FKG 5EJQVVGP WPF 4Q[CNKUVGP KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK 2TGUVQP WPF NKG %JCTNGU + GTPGWV IGHCPIGP PGJOGP 'T VTCV \WP·EJUV HÒT GKPG MQPUVKVWVKQPGNNG .ÌUWPI GKP 0CEJ FGU -ÌPKIU 9GKIGTWPI FCTCWH GKP\WIGJGP XGTCPNCVG GT LGFQEJ FGUUGP *KPTKEJVWPI WPF FKG #DUEJCHHWPI FGT /QPCTEJKG 'PINCPF YWTFG %QOOQPYGCNVJ 4GRWDNKM %TQOYGNN CNU 8QTUKV\GPFGT FGU 5VCCVUTCVGU 5VCCVUQDGTJCWRV &KG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI FGU CWHUV·PFKUEJGP +TNCPFU GTÌHHPGVG GT OKV FGO XQP KJO RGTUÌPNKEJ DGHQJNGPGP /CUUCMGT XQP &TQIJGFC 'T HÒJTVG GKPGP PGWGP -TKGI IGIGP FKG 5EJQVVGP <WO 5EJWV\ FGT GPINKUEJGP 5GGHCJTV GTNKG GT FGP 0CXKICVKQP #EV FGT FGP $GIKPP FGU -CORHGU WO FKG INQDCNG 5GGJGTTUEJCHV OCTMKGTV WPF UKGIVG KO GTUVGP GPINKUEJ PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP 5GGMTKGI -QPHNKMVG OKV FGO 2CTNCOGPV WO UGKPG 2QNKVKM UWEJVG GT FWTEJ YKGFGTJQNVG #WHNÌUWPI FGU 2CTNCOGPVU \W NÌUGP 0CEJFGO %TQOYGNN FKG 7PVGTYGTHWPI +TNCPFU CDIGUEJNQUUGP JCVVG NÌUVG GT FCU 2CTNCOGPV GPFIÒNVKI CWH WPF OCEJVG UKEJ UGNDUV \WO .QTF 2TQVGEVQT OKV SWCUK OQPCTEJKUEJGT 5VGNNWPI /KV FGO +PUVTWOGPV QH )QXGTPOGPV GTNKG GT FKG GTUVG IGUEJTKGDGPG 8GTHCUUWPI &CPCEJ YGEJUGNVG GT \YKUEJGP 'KPDGTWHWPI FGU 2CTNCOGPVU \WT $GYKNNKIWPI XQP 5VGWGTP WPF #WHNÌUWPI FGT 8GTUCOONWPIGP 'T ÒDVG HCMVKUEJ GKPG /KNKV·T &KMVCVWT CWU FKG XQO 2CTNCOGPV CPIGDQVGPG -ÌPKIUYÒTFG NGJPVG GT LGFQEJ CD 'T UVCTD Y·JTGPF FGT RGTOCPGPVGP -TKUG GKPG 5VCDKNKUKGTWPI UGKPGT *GTTUEJCHV IGNCPI PKEJV 0CEJ FGT 4GUVCWTCVKQP YWTFG UGKPG .GKEJG FWTEJ %JCTNGU ++ IGUEJ·PFGV

114

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5233

5234

5235

%JCTNGU ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 4QGVVKGTU CWH UGKPG #PMWPHV KP &QXGT $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WOJGT .QTDGGT\YGKIG &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP XQP 'PINCPF +TNCPF WPF 5EJQVVNCPF UVGJGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT T CP 7HGT WPF GTYCTVGP FCU 5EJKHH OKV FGO FGT -ÌPKI CPTGKUV KO *KPVGTITWPF N -CUVGNN QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG KP 9QNMGP OO I 'KOGT 5EJÌPG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 4QGVVKGTU CWH UGKPGP 5GGUKGI IGIGP *QNNCPF DGK .QYGUVQHV

1UVGPINCPF CO ,WPK $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &GT -ÌPKI KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF -QOOCPFQUVCD UVGJV X X CP 7HGT WPF DNKEMV CWHU /GGT CWH FGO UKEJ \CJNTGKEJG 5GGIGNUEJKHHG DGHKPFGP N WPVGTIGJGPFGU JQNN·PFKUEJGU 5EJKHH OKV \CJNTGKEJGP 5EJKHH DTÒEJKIGP OO I 'KOGT X .QQP ++ 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 9KP\ 5VGORGNHGJNGT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP \YGKVGP GPINKUEJ PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP -TKGI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 4QGVVKGTU CWH FCU *CPFGNUCDMQOOGP OKV FGP URCPKUEJGP 0KGFGT NCPFGP $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &KG 5VCVWG FGU -ÌPKIU KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF -QOOCPFQUVCD UVGJV X X CWH 2QUVCOGPV OKV 5VWHGP KO *KPVGTITWPF /GGT CWH FGO UKEJ \CJNTGKEJG 5EJKHHG DGHKPFGP OO I 'KOGT X .QQP ++ 5 4 -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU *QUGPDCPFQTFGPU CP FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

115

GROSSBRITANNIEN

ex 5236

5237

5238

5KNDGTPG 5WKVGPOGFCKNNG Q , IGHGTVKIV WO XQP , &CUUKGT CWH FGP 6QF FGU &KEJVGTU WPF 5VCCVU RJKNQUQRJGP ,QJP /KNVQP

Ó $TWUVDKNF /KNVQPU HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'XC UVGJV HCUV X X WPF NGIV FGP #TO CWH #FCOU 5EJWNVGT FGT XQT KJT PCEJ N CWH (GNUGP UKV\V FCJKPVGT $CWO FGT 'TMGPPVPKU XQP 5EJNCPIG WOYWPFGP KO *KPVGTITWPF N 9ÌNHG FKG 5EJCHG LCIGP T &·OQPGP FKG KPU 2CTCFKGU GKPFTKPIGP OO I &C\W 'KP YGKVGTGU 'ZGORNCT KP $TQP\G OO 'KOGT 5VÒEM *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP 0 %JGXCNKGT CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGU 0GHHGP 9KNJGNO +++ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP UR·VGT 9KNNKCO +++ 5QJP UGKPGT 5EJYGUVGT /CTKC *GPTKGVVC OKV UGKPGT 0KEJVG /CT[

Ó 6QEJVGT UGKPGU $TWFGTU ,COGU ++ XQP /KVTGIGPVKP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF 9KNJGNOU +++ T $TWUVDKNF /CT[U N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I 'KOGT X .QQP +++ 5 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) $QYGT CWH FKG 'TOQTFWPI XQP 5KT 'FOWPFDWT[ )QFHTG[ $TWUVDKNF )QFHTG[U T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN GT YKTF XQP \YGK *·PFGP OKV UGKPGO GKIGPGP 5EJCN GTFTQUUGNV 'KP CO $QFGP NKGIGPFGT PCEMVGT /CPP YKTF XQP GKPGO ÒDGT KJO UVGJGPFGP /CPP GTFTQUUGNV KO *KPVGTITWPF GTVGKNV FGT 2CRUV FGP 5GIGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 'KOGT C (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 5KT 'FOWPFDWT[ )QFHTG[

Ó YCT (TKGFGPUTKEJVGT KP 9GUVOKPUVGT +O ,CJT XGTÌHHGPVNKEJVG GKP CPINKMCPKUEJGT )GKUVNKEJGT 6KVWU 1CVGU

Ó FGP 2NCP GKPGT CPIGDNKEJGP 8GTUEJYÌTWPI FGT -CVJQNKMGP KO <WIG FGT IGYCNVUCOGP 4GMCVJQNKUKGTWPI 'PINCPFU 2TQVGUVCPVGP WO\WDTKPIGP .QPFQP PKGFGT\WDTGPPGP FGP -ÌPKI \W GTOQTFGP WPF ,COGU ++ CNU UGKPGP 0CEJHQNIGT \W GTPGPPGP #WHITWPF FKGUGT #PUEJWNFKIWPIGP FKG 1CVGU XQT )QFHTG[ DGUEJYQT YWTFGP GKPKIG -CVJQNKMGP JKPIGTKEJVGV )QFHTG[ CMVKXGT )GIPGT FGT +PVTKIGP FGU 2CRUVVWOU YWTFG FCPCEJ WPVGT O[UVGTKÌUGP 7OUV·PFGP VQV CWHIGHWPFGP OCP DTCEJVG FKG -CVJQNKMGP OKV FKGUGO /QTF KP 8GTDKPFWPI 6KVWU 1CVGU JKPIGIGP YWTFG WPVGT ,COGU ++ FGU /GKPGKFU ÒDGTHÒJTV WPF UVTGPI DGUVTCHV GTUV -ÌPKI 9KNNKCO UGV\VG KJP YKGFGT HTGK

5239

116

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) $QYGT CWH FKG (TGKURTGEJWPI FGU 5KT #PVJQP[ #UJNG[ %QQRGT 'CTN QH 5JCHVGUDWT[

Ó XQO *QEJXGTTCV $TWUVDKNF %QQRGTU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5VCFV CPUKEJV XQP .QPFQP OKV FGT 6JGOUG KO 8QTFGTITWPF QDGP UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG KP 9QNMGP OO I 'KOGT 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5240

,COGU ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 #TQPFGCWZ CWH FKG *KPTKEJVWPI UGKPGU 0GHHGP ,COGU 5EQVV *GT\QI XQP /QPOQWVJ

WPF FGUUGP )GHQNIUOCPPGU #TEJKDCNF %CORDGNN )TCH XQP #TI[NN

EC PCEJFGO FKG FWTEJ 5EQVV CWUIGNÌUVG /QPOQWVJ 4GDGNNKQP CO ,WNK KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK 5GFIGOQQT DNWVKI PKGFGTIGUEJNCIGP YQTFGP YCT $ÒUVG X X OKV PCEJ N IGYCPFVGO DGNQTDGGTVGP -QRH ÒDGT IGMTGW\VGP <GRVGTP CWH 2QUVCOGPV FCU OKV FGO IGMTÌPVGP XKGTHGNFKIGP 9CRRGP XGT\KGTV KUV KO *KPVGTITWPF N 5GIGNUEJKHHG T 0GRVWP OKV &TGK\CEM N KP GKPGT XQP FTGK 2HGTFGP IG\QIGPGP /WUEJGN ,WUVKVKC UVGJV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV KP FGT .KPMGP 9CCIG \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP 2QUVCOGPV OKV FGP CDIGVTGPPVGP -ÌRHGP FGT *KPIGTKEJVGVGP FCXQT NKGIGP FKG GPVJCWRVGVGP -ÌTRGT CO $QFGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG ÒDGT 9QNMGP 5VWTO WPF $NKV\GP OO I 'KOGT 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI OKP 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ ,COGU 5EQVV YCT FGT WPGJGNKEJG 5QJP XQP %JCTNGU ++ $TWFGT WPF 8QTI·PIGT XQP ,COGU ++ WPF FGT UEJQVVKUEJGP #FNKIGP .WE[ 9CNVGT 5GKPG GTUVGP PGWP .GDGPULCJTG XGTDTCEJVG GT DGK UGKPGT /WVVGT KP $TÒUUGN QJPG FC KJO GKPG CPIGOGUUGPG $KNFWPI QFGT 'T\KGJWPI \WVGKN YWTFG 5Q YCT GT PQEJ OKV PGWP ,CJTGP CNU UGKPG /WVVGT KJP FGT 1DJWV XQP %JCTNGU ++ ÒDGTICD #PCNRJCDGV 'T GTJKGNV GKPGP 6WVQT FGT KJP CD GT\QI WPF WPVGTTKEJVGVG MCO GT PCEJ 'PINCPF YQ GT FGP 6KVGN &WMG QH /QPOQWVJ GTJKGNV 'T DGICPP GKPG .CWHDCJP DGKO /KNKV·T YQ GT DGTGKVU \WO *CWRVOCPP GTPCPPV YWTFG WPF \WO 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT DTKVKUEJGP #TOGG 0CEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGU 8CVGTU DGCPURTWEJVG GT FGP 6JTQP CPUVGNNG UGKPGU 1PMGNU ,COGU ++ YCU FGT #WUNÌUGT HÒT FKG /QPOQWVJ 4GDGNNKQP YCT 0CEJ UGKPGT 0KGFGTNCIG XGTUWEJVG GT XQO 5EJNCEJVHGNF \W HNKGJGP YWTFG LGFQEJ IGHCPIGPIGPQOOGP WPF CO ,WNK CWH FGO 6QYGT *KNN KP .QPFQP JKPIGTKEJVGV

5241

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) $QYGT CWH FKG 9KGFGTGPVFGEMWPI GKPGU URCPKUEJGP 5EJKHHUYTCEMU XQT FGT MCTKDKUEJGP +PUGN *KURCPKQNC FWTEJ FGP -CRKV·P 9KNNKCO 2JKRU

Ó $TWUVDKNFGT XQP ,COGU ++ OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKC $GCVTKZ 6QEJVGT #NHQPUQU +8 XQP /QFGPC PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 5GIGNUEJKHH CWH QHHGPGT 5GG FCXQT \YGK 4WFGTDQQVG OO I 'KOGT 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &GT CWU ·TONKEJGP 8GTJ·NVPKUUGP UVCOOGPFG 9KNNKCO 2JKRU JCVVG DGTGKVU KP FGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV XQP %JCTNGU ++ XGTUWEJV FGP 5EJCV\ \W HKPFGP FGT XQT ,CJTGP OKV GKPGT URCPKUEJGP )CNGQPG XQT *KURCPKQNC JGWVG *CKVK WPF &QOKPKMCPKUEJG 4GRWDNKM WPVGTIGICPIGP YCT LGFQEJ QJPG 'THQNI (ÒT UGKPGP \YGKVGP 8GTUWEJ XGTYGKIGTVG KJO ,COGU ++ FCTCWHJKP FKG 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI &KG HKPCP\KGNNGP /KVVGN GTJKGNV 2JKRU UEJNKGNKEJ W C XQP %JTKUVQRJGT &WMG QH #NDGOCTNG #NU FKGUG HCUV CWUIGUEJÌRHV YCTGP MQPPVG GT FCU 5EJKHHUYTCEM UEJNKGNKEJ DGTIGP MGJTVG OKV GKPGO 5KNDGTUEJCV\ KO 9GTV XQP 2HWPF YKGFGT \WTÒEM PCEJ 'PINCPF WPF YWTFG XQO -ÌPKI \WO 4KVVGT IGUEJNCIGP

117

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5242

5243

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPG #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP OKV UKGDGP GPINKUEJGP $KUEJÌHGP 'WNG UVGJV JCNDN CWH -KUUGP WO FGP *CNU VT·IV UKG GKPG -GVVG FCTCP 6KPVGPHC WPF )TKHHGN XQT KJT UVGJV GKPG DTGPPGPFG -GT\G WOIGDGP XQP UKGDGP 5VGTPGP #WU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG 5VTCJNGP WPF 9CCIG KP FGT NKPMGP UEJYGTGTGP 5EJCNG $KDGN OKV +% +'575 %*4+5675 KP FGT NGKEJVGTGP $ÒEJGT WPF $KUEJQHUKPUKIPKGP UQYKG GKPG 5EJTKHVTQNNG OKV UKGDGP 5KGIGNP OO I 'KOGT p *CYMKPU 5 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ ,COGU ++ ÒDGT\GWIVGT -CVJQNKM UGV\VG UKEJ DGTGKVU XQT $GIKPP UGKPGT #OVU\GKV HÒT GKPG YGKVIGJGPFG 6QNGTCP\ IGIGPÒDGT FGO -CVJQNK\KUOWU KP 'PINCPF GKP OKV FGT #DUKEJV FC UKEJ FKG MCVJQNKUEJG -KTEJG CNNO·JNKEJ IGIGP FKG CPINKMCPKUEJG -KTEJG WPF KJTG \CJNTGKEJGP #DURCNVWPIGP FWTEJUGV\GP YÒTFG +O /CK FGU 4GXQNWVKQPULCJTGU GTNKG ,COGU ++ GKPG 6QNGTCP\GTMN·TWPI FKG KP FGP )QVVGUFKGPUVGP FGU .CPFGU XGTMÒPFGV YGTFGP UQNNVG &KGU DGYKTMVG DGK FGT CPINKMCPKUEJGP -KTEJG GKPGP )GYKUUGPUMQPHNKMV FC UKEJ FKG 'TMN·TWPI IGIGP FKG GKIGPGP 4GEJVG TKEJVGVG GKPG 9GKIGTWPI FGT 8GTNGUWPI LGFQEJ \WT #OVUGPVJGDWPI HÒJTGP YÒTFG 5KGDGP $KUEJÌHG UEJNQUUGP UKEJ FCTCWHJKP \WUCOOGP WPF XGTYGKIGTVGP KP GKPGT 2GVKVKQP FKG 8GTNGUWPI &GT -ÌPKI NKG KJPGP XQT FGO -KTEJGPIGTKEJVUJQH FGP 2TQ\G OCEJGP WPF UKG YWTFGP KP FGP 6QYGT IGURGTTV &KGU YCT LGFQEJ GKP HCVCNGT (GJNGT FGPP KP FGT $GXÌNMGTWPI WPF KP FGT -KTEJG XGTGJTVG OCP FKG $KUEJÌHG PWP CNU /·TV[TGT ITQG /GPUEJGPOGPIGP GKNVGP \WT 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI \WO 6QYGT WPF UQICT 9CEJNGWVG NKGGP UKEJ XQP FGP IGHCPIGPGP )GKUVNKEJGP UGIPGP &KGU DGYKTMVG UEJNKGNKEJ GKPGP (TGKURTWEJ HÒT FKG $KUEJÌHG FWTEJ FCU )GTKEJV WPF UQ UEJGKVGTVG FKG 6QNGTCP\GTMN·TWPI

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH FKG )GDWTV UGKPGU 5QJPGU ,COGU (TCPEKU 'FYCTF 5VWCTV 6JG 1NF 2TGVGPFGT Ó XQP UGKPGP #PJ·PIGTP FGP ,CMQDKVGP CWEJ ,COGU +++ IGPCPPV &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 9CJTJGKV OKV UVTCJNGPFGO *CWRV UVGJV X X WPF NGJPV CP FGT IGÌHHPGVGP 6ÒT GKPGU 5EJTCPMU FGP NKPMGP (W CWH GKPG 5EJNCPIG IGUVGNNV FKG XGTUWEJV FKG 6ÒT JQEJ\WMTKGEJGP KO +PPGTGP UVGJV GKP ,GUWKV PCEJ N CWH .GKVGT WPF J·NV GKP CWH FGO 5EJTCPM NKGIGPFGU -KUUGP FCTCWH UKV\V FGT LWPIG 2TKP\ WPF MTÌPV UKEJ UGNDUV &CU VTQLCPKUEJG 2HGTF UVGJV PCEJ N KP .CPFUEJCHV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT FQTV OKV KTTVÒONKEJGT ,CJTGUCPICDG 'KOGT -N 5EJÒTHUVGNNG CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT ,COGU ++ JCVVG CWU UGKPGT GTUVGP 'JG OKV .CF[ #PPG *[FG DGTGKVU \YGK GTYCEJUGPG 6ÌEJVGT /CT[ WPF #PPG FKG RTQVGUVCPVKUEJ GT\QIGP YQTFGP YCTGP &C FKGUG KJO CWH FGP 6JTQP HQNIGP YÒTFGP CM\GRVKGTVGP FKG $TKVGP UGKPG *GTTUEJCHV QDYQJN GT -CVJQNKM YCT #NU KJO CDGT UGKPG \YGKVG MCVJQNKUEJG )CVVKP /CTKC XQP /QFGPC CO ,WPK GKPGP 5QJP ,COGU (TCPEKU 'FYCTF IGDCT HÒTEJVGVG FKG GPINKUEJG (ÒJTWPIUUEJKEJV UGKPG 0CEJHQNIG FC FGT PGWIGDQTGPG 6JTQPHQNIGT PKEJV FGT CPINKMCPKUEJGP -KTEJG CPIGJÌTVG WPF UQ DGUVCPF FKG #WUUKEJV CWH GKPG FCWGTJCHVG MCVJQNKUEJG *GTTUEJCHV KP 'PINCPF 5QHQTV PCEJ FGT )GDWTV FGU 2TKP\GP VCWEJVGP <YGKHGN ÒDGT UGKPG .GIKVKOKV·V CWH 'T UGK KP 9KTMNKEJMGKV PKEJV GKP NGKDNKEJGT 5QJP FGU -ÌPKIU ,COGU ++ UQPFGTP GKP XQP FGP ,GUWKVGP FGT /WVVGT WPVGTIGUEJQDGPGU -KPF 8QP FKGUGP )GTÒEJVGP YCTGP CWEJ /CT[ WPF #PPG ÒDGT\GWIV 5EJQP CO ,WPK HQTFGTVGP UKGDGP DTKVKUEJG /CIPCVGP ,COGU 5EJYKGIGTUQJP 9KNJGNO XQP 1TCPKGP DTKGHNKEJ \WT +PVGTXGPVKQP KP 'PINCPF CWH WPF FKG GPINKUEJG -ÌPKIKP DTCEJVG KJTGP 5QJP KO &G\GODGT PCEJ (TCPMTGKEJ KP 5KEJGTJGKV +O 5EJNQ 5CKPV )GTOCKP GP .C[G YWEJU ,COGU (TCPEKU 'FYCTF OKV UGKPGT LÒPIUVGP 5EJYGUVGT CWH WPF YWTFG XQP .QWKU :+8 CNU TGEJVO·KIGT 6JTQPHQNIGT KP )TQDTKVCPPKGP CPGTMCPPV WPF UQ DKNFGVGP UKEJ FKG ,CMQDKVGP CNU FKG )TWRRG FKG UGKPGP #PURTWEJ CWH FGP 6JTQP WPVGTUVÒV\VGP 0CEJ FGO 6QF FGU -ÌPKIU ,COGU ++ CO 5GRVGODGT YWTFG GT XQP UGKPGP #PJ·PIGTP OKV FGO 6KVGN ,COGU +++ XQP 'PINCPF WPF ,COGU 8+++ XQP 5EJQVVNCPF \WO -ÌPKI CWUIGTWHGP #O /·T\ NCPFGVG GT CP FGT 1UVMÒUVG 5EJQVVNCPFU WO UGKPG 6JTQPCPURTÒEJG IGIGP FKG PWP JGTTUEJGPFG -ÌPKIKP #PPG IGNVGPF \W OCEJGP &QEJ YGIGP UGKPGU MCVJQNKUEJGP )NCWDGPU YWTFG GT CDIGNGJPV WPF UVCVVFGUUGP PCEJ FGO 6QF XQP #PPG )GQTI + XQP *CPPQXGT IGTWHGP FGT -ÌPKI YWTFG WPF FKG *CPPQXGTUEJG .KPKG FGU DTKVKUEJGP -ÌPKIUJCWUGU DGITÒPFGVG 0CEJ FGO 6QF FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -ÌPKIU .QWKU :+8 UKGFGNVG FGT LCMQDKVKUEJG 'ZKNJQH PCEJ 4QO ,COGU (TCPEKU 'FYCTF JGKTCVGVG /CTKC %NGOGPVKPC 5QDKGUMK XQP 2QNGP FKG KJO \YGK 5ÌJPG UEJGPMVG W C FGP UR·VGTGP -CTFKPCN XQP (TCUECVK ,COGU (TCPEKU 'FYCTF 5VWCTV XGTNKG 4QO PWT UGNVGP WPF GTJKGNV PCEJ UGKPGO 6QF GKP QHHK\KGNNGU 5VCCVUDGIT·DPKU <WUCOOGP OKV UGKPGT (TCW WPF UGKPGP 5ÌJPGP KUV GT KO 2GVGTUFQO DGUVCVVGV 9·JTGPF UGKPGT <GKV KP +VCNKGP YWTFG GT UVGVU XQP #IGPVGP FGT GPINKUEJGP -TQPG ÒDGTYCEJV

118

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5244

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH FGP 9WPUEJ FGT 2TQVGUVCPVGP UGKPGP 0GHHGP 9KNJGNO +++ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP UR·VGT 9KNNKCO +++ \W KJTGO 1DGTJCWRV \W Y·JNGP $TWUVDKNFGT 9KNNKCOU WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CT[

Ó 6QEJVGT XQP ,COGU ++ XQP /KVTGIGPVKP PGDGPGKPCPFGT T OKV WOIGNGIVGP /·PVGNP &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 4GNKIKQP UVGJV X X FKG .KPMG CWH (TGKJGKVUOÒV\G IGNGIV FKG UKEJ CWH GKPGO CWHIGUEJNCIGPGP $WEJ DGHKPFGV FCU CWH GKPGO 2QFGUV NKGIV KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP 5EJTKHVTQNNG WOJGT NKGIGP #VVTKDWVG FGU 2CRUVVWOU CO $QFGP OO I 'KOGT 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI

1,5:1

5245

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH UGKPG (NWEJV WPF FKG #PMWPHV UGKPGU 0GHHGP 9KNJGNO +++ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP UR·VGT 9KNNKCO +++ KP 6QTDC[ &KG IGMTÌPVG $TKVCPPKC OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN UVGJV PCEJ T WPF DGITÒV FKG CPMQOOGPFG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG FKG GKPG CPVKMG 4ÒUVWPI WPF FGP 9CRRGPUEJKNF 9KNJGNOU +++ VT·IV N UVGJV FCU IGMTÌPVG GPINKUEJG 9CRRGP FCJKPVGT 5·WNG OKV (TGKJGKVUJWV KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG (NQVVG #WH GKPGO (GNUGP GKP 0GUV OKV \YGK LWPIGP #FNGTP FCTÒDGT FKG /WVVGT FKG GKP YGKVGTGU ,WPIGU CWU FGO 0GUV YKTHV QDGP GKP JGTCPHNKGIGPFGT #FNGT KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG (NQVVG WOJGT GKP -TCP\ OKV 4QUGP WPF 1TCPIGP OO I 'KOGT X .QQP +++ 5 WGTUV UGNVGP 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG 4ÒEMUGKVG U[ODQNKUKGTV FKG (NWEJV XQP ,COGU ++ KP FGO 0GUV DNGKDGP \YGK LWPIG #FNGT \WTÒEM FKG UGKPG \YGK 6ÌEJVGT #PPG WPF /CT[ U[ODQNKUKGTGP 119

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5246

9KNNKCO +++ WPF /CT[ 5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH FKG 4GXQNWVKQP )NQTKQWU 4GXQNWVKQP *[FTC N J·NV OKV FGT TGEJVGP -NCWG GKPG -TQPG GORQT OKV FGT NKPMGP J·NV UKG GKPG CO $QFGP NKGIGPFG \GTDTQEJGPG 9CCIG OKV GKPGO KJTGT -ÌRHG DGTÒJTV UKG GKP CO $QFGP NKGIGPFGU 5EJYGTV (QTVWPC OKV &QRRGNIGUKEJV UVGJV X X CWH GKPGT -WIGN OKV 5EJNCPIG FKG NKPMG 5GKVG FGT (QTVWPC JCV FCU )GUKEJV GKPGU 5EJYGKPGU J·NV GKPG #ZV WPF UEJCWV \WO 6QYGT OKV FGT ,CJTGU \CJN FKG TGEJVG 5GKVG JCV FKG )GUKEJVU\ÒIG 9KNNKCOU +++ J·NV GKPG -TQPG WPF UEJCWV PCEJ 9JKVGJCNN OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 'KOGT p *CYMKPU 5 X .QQP +++ 5 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WVMKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5247

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT IGHGTVKIV KO #WHVTCI XQP ( -NGKPGTV CWH FGP (ÒTUVGPMQPITG KP &GP *CCI )ÌVVGTXGTUCOONWPI KP FGT /KVVG UKV\V ,WRKVGT X X &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP XQP 6CRHGTMGKV WPF 'KPVTCEJV TGKEJGP UKEJ ÒDGT GKPGO HNCOOGPFGP #NVCT FKG *·PFG KO *KPVGTITWPF UVGJV FKG RGTUQPK HK\KGTVG 9GKUJGKV X X /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 'KOGT (QTUVGT 4 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 4GKUG XQP 9KNNKCO +++ PCEJ &GP *CCI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5248 1,5:1

1XCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP & -QGPG CWH FKG 9KGFGTJGTUVGNNWPI FGU (TKGFGPU WPF FKG (GUVK IWPI FGT MÌPKINKEJGP *GTTUEJCHV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN ÒDGT IGMTÌPVGO 9CRRGPUEJKNF \YKUEJGP .QTDGGT WPF 'KEJGP\YGKIGP QDGP 5VTCJNGP 8KGT -TKGIGT 'PINCPF 5EJQVVNCPF +TNCPF WPF *QNNCPF OKV KJTGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP XGTVGKFKIGP GKPGP 1TCPIGPDCWO FGT XQP FGT 5GGUGKVG CWU CPIGITKHHGP YKTF KO *KPVGTITWPF -TKGIUUEJKHHG /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV Z OO I 'KOGT 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

120

5248

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5249

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG -CRKVWNCVKQP XQP /QPU $GTIGP PCEJ FGT ITQHN·EJKIGP <GTUVÌTWPI FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP WPF CWH FKG )GIGPU·V\NKEJMGKV FGT /QPCTEJGP XQP 'PINCPF WPF (TCPMTGKEJ .QWKU :+8 UVGJV PCEJ N WPF UGV\V GKP OKV /ÒP\GP DGNGIVGU 5EJYGTV CWH GKPG DTGPPGPFG $QODG KO *KPVGTITWPF N FKG DTGPPGPFG 5VCFV /QPU T HÒPH *QHFCOGP FCJKPVGT GKPG CDHCJTGPFG -WVUEJG 9KNNKCO +++ OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN UVGJV X X KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV KP FGT .KPMGP (TKGFGPUHCJPG N IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG WPF 6TQRJ·GP T )NQDWU WPF \YGK *CTR[KGP OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT p 'KOGT p *CYMKPU 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC NGKEJVG $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

5250

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 4QGVVKGTU CWH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK .C *QIWG 0QTOCPFKG $GKFGT $TWUVDKNFGT PGDGPGKPCPFGT T OKV WOIGNGIVGP /·PVGNP 5EJKHHG CWH 5GG W C FKG DTGPPGPFG .G 5QNGKN 4Q[CN FC\YKUEJGP 4CWEJYQNMGP KO *KPVGTITWPF N 5QPPG OO I 'KOGT X .QQP +8 5 XCT 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5251

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT IGHGTVKIV KO #WHVTCI XQP ( -NGKPGTV CWH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK .C *QIWG 0QTOCPFKG .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ OKV &TGK\CEM KP FGT .KPMGP YKTF XQP 0GRVWP CWU UGKPGO /GGTYCIGP IGUEJNGWFGTV KO *KPVGTITWPF &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV 8KMVQTKC OKV 5KGIGUMTCP\ KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT .KPMGP UVGJV PCEJ N KP GKPGO $QQV JKPVGT KJT UKV\GP \YGK )GPKGP FKG FKG WPVGT GKPGT 5EJKHHUMTQPG XGTGKPKIVGP 9CRRGP XQP 'PINCPF WPF *QNNCPF JCNVGP KO *KPVGTITWPF N HNKGJGPFG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5EJKHHG T WPVGTIGJGPFG 5QPPG /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV c %10%#56+)#685 )#..148/ (#5685 '6 #5685 (.8%6+$85 '6 28)0# (4#%685 #641%' (4#)14 Û (- OO I 'KOGT (QTUVGT X .QQP +8 5 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &KG 4CPFUEJTKHV GPVJ·NV FKG ,CJTGU\CJN CNU %JTQPQITCOO 121

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5252

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , $QUMCO CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK 0GGTYKPFGP DGK .ÌYGP KP (NCPFGTP \YKUEJGP (TCPMTGKEJ WPVGT (TCP¼QKU *GPTK FG /QPVOQTGPE[ .WZGODQWTI WPF FGP #NNKKGTVGP WPVGT 9KNNKCO +++ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 0CEJ N HNKGIGPFGT 4GKJGT

9KNNKCO +++ WPF GKP (CNMG /QPVOQTGPE[ .WZGODQWTI CVVCEMKGTGP GKPCPFGT KO *KPVGTITWPF .CPF UEJCHV OKV 5VCFCPUKEJVGP KP FGT /KVVG 5EJNCEJVU\GPG OO I 'KOGT p *CYMKPU 5 X .QQP +8 5 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5253

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKPIKGTV XQP , QFGT 0 4QGVVKGTU CWH FGP 6QF XQP /CT[ $TWUVDKNF /CT[U T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OKV )GDWTVU WPF 5VGTDGCPICDG OO I 'KOGT 4 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5254

9KNNKCO +++ 5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH UGKPGP -QPHNKMV OKV .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ 9KNNKCO +++ KP 4ÒUVWPI WPF /CPVGN UVGJV X X WPF \GKIV OKV FGO <GRVGT \WT 5QPPG Y·JTGPF UGKP 5EJYGTV CWH GKP CO $QFGP UVGJGPFGU .KEJV IGTKEJVGV KUV ÒDGT KJO GKP 5VGTP OKV FGO CUVTQPQOKUEJGP <GKEJGP FGU /CTU .QWKU :+8 KP 4ÒUVWPI WPF /CPVGN UVGJV X X WPF \GKIV OKV FGO <GRVGT \WT 5QPPG Y·JTGPF UGKP 5EJYGTV CWH GKP CO $QFGP UVGJGPFGU .KEJV IGTKEJVGV KUV ÒDGT KJO GKP 5VGTP OKV FGO CUVTQPQOKUEJGP <GKEJGP FGT 5QPPG /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 'KOGT p *CYMKPU 5 9QJNHCJTV 44 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT 5QPPGPMÌPKI KUV CWH FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG KP GKPGT MNGKPGP WPF CDHCNNGPFGP *CNVWPI FCTIGUVGNNV GT DGICPP UGKPG *GTTUEJCHV WPVGT IN·P\GPFGP 8QTCWUUGV\WPIGP HÒJTVG LGFQEJ UGKP .CPF UV·PFKI KP -TKGIG WPF UGKPG /CEJVUVGNNWPI YCT 'PFG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU IGH·JTFGV +O )GIGPUCV\ FC\W YKTF FGT 1TCPKGT 9KNJGNO +++ ITÌGT WPF KP GKPGT CWHUVTGDGPFGP *CNVWPI FCTIGUVGNNV 'T YWTFG \WO <GKVRWPMV FGT 2T·IWPI *GTTUEJGT XQP FTGK -ÌPKITGKEJGP

122

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5255

5256

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , &KUJQGEMG CWH FKG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI XQP 0COWT IGOGKPUCO OKV /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN XQP $C[GTP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #PUKEJV FGT DQODCTFKGTVGP 5VCFV KO 8QTFGTITWPF N GKP GPINKUEJGT 1HHK\KGT T \W 4Q FGT UGKPG 6TWRRGP DGHGJNKIV OO I 'KOGT p UKGJG #PO *CYMKPU 5 X .QQP +8 5 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T +O 2H·N\GT 'TDHQNIGMTKGI JCVVGP FKG 6TWRRGP XQP .QWKU :+8 FKG 5VCFV 0COWT UQYKG FKG (GUVWPI WPF FKG <KVCFGNNG PCEJ DNWVKIGP -·ORHGP IGPQOOGP MQPPVGP FKG #NNKKGTVGP PCEJ \GJPYÌEJKIGT $GNCIGTWPI FKG XQP FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP (GUVWPIUCTEJKVGMVGP 8CWDCP XGTUV·TMVG <KVCFGNNG WPF FKG XQP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5QNFCVGP XGTVGKFKIVG 5VCFV GTQDGTP &KG $GNCIGTWPIUVTWRRGP UVCPFGP WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ FGU DTKVKUEJGP -ÌPKIU 9KNNKCO +++ WPF FGU DC[GTKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN FGT UGKV FKG KJO XQP UGKPGO 5EJYKGIGTXCVGT -CKUGT .GQRQNF + XGTNKGJGPG )GPGTCNUVCVVJCNVGTYÒTFG FGT URCPKUEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG KPPGJCVVG

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , ) 5QTDGTIGT CWH FKG 0CVKQPCNG 'KPJGKV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T 'PIGN OKV 6TQORGVG WPF 5EJTKHVDCPF ÒDGT 'TFDCNN OO I 'KOGT p *CYMKPU 5 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5257

5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP WPUKIPKGTV XQP , %TQMGT CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM CO 5GRVGODGT WPF 1MVQDGT UQYKG FKG 5KEJGTWPI XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG $TKVCPPKC UKV\V PCEJ N FGP -QRH PCEJ XQTP IGYCPFV OKV &TGK\CEM WPF 9CRRGPUEJKNF KP .CPFUEJCHV PGDGP KJT GKP IGUEJNQUUGPGU $WEJ OKV 2CNO\YGKI OO I 'KOGT 2CZ KP 0WOOKU X .QQP +8 5 4 2TCEJVXQNNG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT (TKGFG XQP 4KLUYKLM JGWVG 8QTQTV FGT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP *CWRVUVCFV &GP *CCI DGGPFGVG FGP 2H·N\KUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI FGT ICP\ 'WTQRC KP /KVNGKFGPUEJCHV IG\QIGP JCVVG .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ UEJNQ WPVGT UEJYGFKUEJGT 8GTOKVVNWPI CO 5GRVGODGT (TKGFGP OKV )TQDTKVCPPKGP 5RCPKGP WPF FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP WPF CO 1MVQDGT OKV -CKUGT .GQRQNF + WPF FGO &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJ

123

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5258

1,5:1

#PPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG 8GTPKEJVWPI FGT URCPKUEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP (NQVVG DGK 8KIQ 8KMVQTKC MPKGV PCEJ T CWH 9CTGPDCNNGP WPF J·NV GKPG OKV .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKIGP IGUEJOÒEMVG 5EJKHHUMTQPG FCJKPVGT &TGK\CEM WOJGT -TKGIUVTQRJ·GP 6QRQITCHKUEJG #PUKEJV OKV FGT $WEJV XQP 8KIQ WPF FGP WONKGIGPFGP 1TVGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF CWH FGO /GGT 5GGUEJNCEJV /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 'KOGT (QTUVGT 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC OKP 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5259

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , %TQMGT CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP $QPP *W[ WPF .KODQWTI

DGK .ÒVVKEJ FWTEJ FKG #NNKKGTVGP $TWUVDKNF N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &GT GPINKUEJG (GNFJGTT ,QJP %JWTEJKNN *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ

Ó TGKVGV N WPF GTJ·NV XQP FGT XQT KJO MPKGPFGP 5VCFVIÌVVKP $QPPC FTGK 5VCFVUEJNÒUUGN KO *KPVGTITWPF +PHCPVGTKG OO I 'KOGT XCT X .QQP +8 5 9GKNGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ &CU HTCP\ÌUKUEJ DGUGV\VG $QPP YWTFG CO /CK PCEJ CEJVV·IKIGT JGHVKIGT $GUEJKGWPI XQP FGP 8GTDÒPFGVGP FGU -CKUGTU WPVGT FGO GPINKUEJGP .QTF /CTNDQTQWIJ WPF FGO PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP )GPGTCN XCP %QGJQQTP GKPIGPQOOGP

5260

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) *CWVUEJ CWH FKG 5KGIG DGK &QPCWYÌTVJ )KDTCNVCT WPF *ÌEJUV·FV $TWUVDKNF N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $TKVCPPKC UKV\V X X CP 2CNOG IGNGJPV CP FGT 2CNOG FTGK /GFCKNNQPU OKV 5EJTKHV KO *KPVGTITWPF &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV XQT )KDTCNVCT /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 'KOGT X .QQP +8 5 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP * & 4CWEJ 9KGP 0T

124

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5261

$TQP\GPG 5WKVGPOGFCKNNG IGHGTVKIV WO XQP , &CUUKGT CWH FGP GPINKUEJGP 2JKNQUQRJGP ,QJP .QEMG

Ó $TWUVDKNF .QEMGU JCNDT .KDGTVCU OKV (TGKJGKVUOÒV\G KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF ,WUVKVKC OKV 9CCIG KP FGT .KPMGP UKV\GP PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X CWH 5CTMQRJCI FCXQT NKGIGPFGT 2WVVQ OKV $WEJ CWH FGO $QFGP -TGKUGN 2GKVUEJG WPF (GFGTDCNNURKGN OO 'KOGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5262

5262 1,5:1

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG 5KGIG ÒDGT .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ FWTEJ FKG #NNKKGTVGP KP $TCDCPV /CTU .QWKU :+8 YKTF XQP /KPGTXC #PPG \W $QFGP IGYQTHGP $GNCIGTVGT 6WTO YKTF OKV 2HGKNGP DGUEJQUUGP XQO 6WTO YGTHGP FKG $GNCIGTVGP 5VGKPG JKPCD N PGDGP FGO 6WTO -TKGIGT FKG (GWGT NGIGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 'KOGT (QTUVGT X .QQP +8 5 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 9·JGPF FGT 6TKWORJ FGT -ÌPKIKP #PPG ÒDGT .QWKU :+8 CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG HÒT LGFGP $GVTCEJVGT FWTEJ FKG -QODKPCVKQP XQP $KNF WPF 7OUEJTKHV XGTFGWVNKEJV YKTF UQ GTHQTFGTV FKG +PVGTRTGVCVKQP FGU 4ÒEMUGKVGPOQVKXU GKPG IGYKUUG $KDGNHGUVKIMGKV &CTIGUVGNNV KUV FKG 5\GPG FGT 2UCNOG FGU $WEJU FGT 4KEJVGT &GO\WHQNIG YWTFG FGT KUTCGNKVKUEJG -ÌPKI #DKOGNGEJ DGK FGT $GNCIGTWPI FGU 6WTOGU XQP 6JGDGP FWTEJ GKPGP XQP FGP <KPPGP IGYQTHGPGP /ÒJNUVGKP IGVTQHHGP FGP GKPG (TCW IGIGP FKG #PITGKHGT IGYQTHGP JCVVG 5EJYGT XGTYWPFGV DGHCJN FGT *GTTUEJGT UGKPGO $GINGKVGT KJP OKV FGT GKIGPGP 9CHHG \W VÌVGP OKV FGP 9QTVGP &WTEJUVGEJG OKEJ FCUU OCP PKEJV XQP OKT UCIG 'KP 9GKD JCV KJP GTOQTFGV

5263

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , %TQMGT CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 5CTFKPKGP WPF /GPQTEC $TWUVDKNF N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KMVQTKC OKV 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF (CJPG KP FGT .KPMGP UVGJV PCEJ T KP GKPGT /WUEJGN CWH 5GG KO *KPVGTITWPF .CPFCDUEJPKVVG 5CTFKPKGP WPF /GPQTEC OO I 'KOGT 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ +O 5QOOGT CVVCEMKGTVG FKG GPINKUEJG (NQVVG WPVGT 5KT ,QJP .GCMG 5CTFKPKGP WPF PCEJ GKPGO MWT\GP $QODCTFGOGPV CWH FKG *CWRVUVCFV %CNKICTK MCRKVWNKGTVG FKG +PUGN &CPCEJ JCNH .GCMG )GPGTCN 5VCPJQRG DGK FGT 'KPPCJOG /GPQTECU &KG *CWRVUVCFV /CJQP ICD UEJPGNN CWH FKG (GUVWPI 5V 2JKNKRRU JKPIGIGP MQPPVG GTUV \YGK 6CIG UR·VGT GKPIGPQOOGP YGTFGP &GT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG -QOOCPFGWT .C ,QPSWK½TG YWTFG KPJCHVKGTV FGT URCPKUEJG -QOOCPFGWT HNÒEJVGVG KPFGO GT CWU FGO (GPUVGT URTCPI

125

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5264

5265

5266

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , %TQMGT CWH FGP 5KGI ÒDGT FKG (TCP\QUGP KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK /CNRNCSWGV KO URCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF N 5EJNCEJVU\GPG KP GKPGO 9CNFUVÒEM QDGP UEJYGDV 8KMVQTKC T OKV \YGK .QTDGGTMT·P\GP KP FGP *·PFGP OO I 'KOGT X .QQP +8 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ +P FGT DNWVKIUVGP 5EJNCEJV FGU 5RCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGIGU DGK /CNRNCSWGV UÒFNKEJ XQP /QPU KP $GNIKGP CO 5GRVGODGT UEJNWI GKP XGTGKPKIVGU DTKVKUEJ JQNN·PFKUEJ ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGU *GGT WPVGT FGP (GNFJGTTGP ,QJP %JWTEJKNN &WMG QH /CTNDQTQWIJ WPF 2TKP\ 'WIGP XQP 5CXQ[GP FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #TOGG WPVGT )GPGTCN %NCWFG .QWKU *GEVQT FG 8KNNCTU FGT UEJYGT XGTYWPFGV XQO 5EJNCEJVHGNF IGVTCIGP YGTFGP OWVG

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , %TQMGT CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP &QWCK $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KEVQTKC J·NV GKPGP 5EJKNF FGT CP GKPGT 5·WNG J·PIV WPF OKV GKPGT /CWGTMTQPG DGUGV\V KUV WOJGT 6TQRJ·GP KO *KPVGTITWPF XGTVTGKDV GKP -TKGIGT FGP (GKPF OO I 'KOGT 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / $TWPPGT CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP &QWCK /KPGTXC OKV .CP\G JCV ,WRKVGT FKG *·NHVG UGKPGU $NKV\GU GPVTKUUGP WPF HNKGJV N -CTVGPCPUKEJV XQP &QWCK /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 'KOGT p *CYMKPU 5 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5267

126

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , %TQMGT CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK 5CTCIQUUC $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG -ÌPKIKP VJTQPV PCEJ T PGDGP KJT UVGJV $TKVCPPKC OKV *GNO WPF 5RGGT XQT KJT 8KMVQTKC FKG KJT FKG GTDGWVGVGP 5VCPFCTVGP \W (ÒGP NGIV OO I 'KOGT 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5268

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 0 4QGVVKGTU CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 7VTGEJV WPF CWH FGP 6JTQPCPURTWEJ KJTGU *CNDDTWFGTU FGU 2TKP\GP ,COGU (TCPEKU 'FYCTF 5VWCTV 6JG 1NF 2TGVGPFGT Ó XQP UGKPGP #PJ·PIGTP FGP ,CMQDKVGP CWEJ ,COGU +++ IGPCPPV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU 2TKP\GP N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .CPFMCTVG XQP 'PINCPF +TNCPF WPF 5EJQVVNCPF OO I 'KOGT p XIN # *CYMKPU 5 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5269

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 0 4QGVVKGTU CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 7VTGEJV WPF CWH FGP 6JTQPCPURTWEJ KJTGU *CNDDTWFGTU FGU 2TKP\GP ,COGU (TCPEKU 'FYCTF 5VWCTV 6JG 1NF 2TGVGPFGT Ó XQP UGKPGP #PJ·PIGTP FGP ,CMQDKVGP CWEJ ,COGU +++ IGPCPPV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU 2TKP\GP T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .CPFMCTVG XQP 'PINCPF +TNCPF WPF 5EJQVVNCPF OO I 'KOGT p XIN *CYMKPU 5 4 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP FGU 5RCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGIU OKV $G\WI \W )TQDTKVCPPKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5270

)GQTIG + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 1 *COGTCPK CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI FGU 2TKP\GP ,COGU (TCPEKU 'FYCTF 5VWCTV 6JG 1NF 2TGVGPFGT Ó *CNDDTWFGT XQP -ÌPKIKP #PPG XQP UGKPGP #PJ·PIGTP FGP ,CMQDKVGP CWEJ ,COGU +++ IGPCPPV OKV 2TKP\GUUKP %NGOGPVKPC 5QDKGUMC

Ó 'PMGNKP FGU RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKIU ,QJCPP +++ 5QDKGUMK )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP ,COGU +++ T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $TWUVDKNF %NGOGPVKPCU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I 'KOGT * %\ 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ -ÌPKI )GQTIG + XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP YKFGTUVTGDVG FKG IGRNCPVG *QEJ\GKV FGT 2TKP\GUUKP %NGOGPVKPC 5QDKGUMK XQP 2QNGP OKV UGKPGO 2T·VGPFGPVGP ,COGU 5VWCTV 7O )GQTIG + GKPGP )GHCNNGP \W VWP NKG -CKUGT -CTN 8+ FKG 2TKP\GUUKP KP +PPUDTWEM KP GKPGO -NQUVGT HGUVUGV\GP 5EJQP PCEJ MWT\GT <GKV IGNCPI KJT FKG (NWEJV PCEJ +VCNKGP \WP·EJUV PCEJ $QNQIPC YQ UKG ,COGU 5VWCTV RGT RTQEWTCVKQPGO JGKTCVGVG &CPCEJ UGV\VG UKG KJTG 4GKUG PCEJ 4QO HQTV

/GFCKNNGP OKV FGO 2QTVT·V XQP )GQTIG + HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI CWH FGP #DYGJTMCORH IGIGP FGP URCPKUEJGP #PITKHH CWH 5K\KNKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP 127

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5271

)GQTIG ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' *CPPKDCN CWH FGP 8GTVTCI XQP 9KGP \YKUEJGP FGO -CKUGT 'PINCPF 5RCPKGP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF *QNNCPF IGUEJNQUUGP CO /·T\ $ÒUVG N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 0GRVWP OKV &TGK\CEM KP FGT 4GEJVGP UVGJV PCEJ T CWH GKPGT XQP XKGT 2HGTFGP IG\QIGPGP /WUEJGN CWH 5GG QDGP 9QNMGP WPF 9KPF OO I $TQEMOCPP XCT 'KOGT p XIN 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5272

128

5273

5274

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG OKV HCNUEJGT ,CJTGUCPICDG XQP ' *CPPKDCN CWH FGP 8GTVTCI XQP 9KGP \YKUEJGP FGO -CKUGT 'PINCPF 5RCPKGP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF *QNNCPF IGUEJNQUUGP CO /·T\ $ÒUVG N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 4GIGPDQIGP 9QNMGP WPF 4GIGP ÒDGT .CPFUEJCHV OO I $TQEMOCPP 'KOGT p 2CZ KP 0WOOKU p 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

5CVKTKUEJG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP % 2KPEJDGEM CWH #FOKTCN 6JQOCU /CVJGYU

Ó 8K\GCFOKTCN 4KEJCTF .GUVQEM

Ó WPF KJTG 0KGFGTNCIG OKV FGT GPINKUEJGP (NQVVG KO -CORH IGIGP FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJ URCPKUEJG (NQVVG KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK 6QWNQP #P GKPGO )CNIGP J·PIV GKP /CPP WOJGT FKG $WEJUVCDGP % & $ KO *KPVGTITWPF 5EJKHHG CWH 5GG #PMQOOGPFG 5EJKHHG KO *CHGP XQP 6QWNQP FCTÒDGT FKG $WEJUVCDGP ( ) ' KO 8QTFGTITWPF 5QNFCVGP WPF FGT DTKVKUEJG .ÌYG FGT FGP ICNNKUEJGP *CJP PKGFGTFTÒEMV WOJGT FKG $WEJUVCDGP + * OO %QNN (KGYGIGT 'KOGT 5GJT UEJÌP

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 ;GQ CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK %WNNQFGP 5EJQVVNCPF IGIGP FGP 6JTQPRT·VGP FGPVGP %JCTNGU 'FYCTF 5VWCTV $QPPKG 2TKPEG %JCTNKG WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ UGKPGU 5QJPGU 9KNJGNO #WIWUV *GT\QI XQP %WODGTNCPF

Ó )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF 9KNJGNO #WIWUVU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &GT *GT\QI CNU *GTMWNGU UVGJV HCUV X X WPF JKNHV FGT PCEJ N UKV\GPFGP $TKVCPPKC CWH OKV FGO TGEJVGP (W VTKVV GT FKG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG <YKGVTCEJV \W $QFGP OO I 'KOGT #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5275

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 6 2KPIQ CWH FKG 8QNNL·JTKIMGKV UGKPGU 'PMGNU )GQTI 9KNJGNO (TKGFTKEJ

Ó UR·VGT -ÌPKI )GQTIG +++ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU 2TKP\GP N OKV WOIG NGIVGO /CPVGN &KG IGMTÌPVG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 'TFG UKV\V PCEJ N OKV 6CODWTKP \W KJTGP 5GKVGP \YGK .ÌYGP FCXQP GKPGT OKV FGO GPINKUEJGP 9CRRGPUEJKNF KO *KPVGTITWPF N XKGT YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNVGP FKG WO GKPGP $CWO VCP\GP OO I 'KOGT 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 3WGDGE HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5276

)GQTIG +++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , 2 &TQ\ CWH FKG URCPKUEJG $GNCIGTWPI FGU DTKVKUEJGP )KDTCNVCT 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )QWXGTPGWTU )GQTIG #WIWUV 'NKQVV

Ó N *GTMWNGU UVGJV X X PGDGP 5·WNG KO *KPVGTITWPF /GGT WPF .CPFUEJCHV OKV GKPGT YGKVGTGP 5·WNG OO 'KOGT 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5277

5278

5CVKTKUEJG $NGKIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG KP .QPFQP CDIGJCNVGPG (GKGT \WO ,CJTGUVCI FGU 5VWTOU CWH FKG $CUVKNNG CO ,WNK WPF FKG FCOKV XGTDWPFGPG (TCP\ÌUKUEJG 4GXQNWVKQP *CTR[KG N FGP -QRH \WTÒEMIGYCPFV WOJGT XKGT YGKVGTG MNGKPGTG *CTR[KGP GKPG J·NV GKPG (CEMGN WPF GKP 5EJYGTV GORQT GKPG CPFGTG J·NV GKPG 5EJTKHVTQNNG OKV (#%6+10 WPF GKPG (CJPG CWH FGT GKPG -TQPG FCTIGUVGNNV KUV CWH FGT (CJPGPUVCPIG J·PIV GKPG (TGKJGKVUOÒV\G 5EJNCPIG INGKVGV FWTEJ JQJGU )TCU QDGP 5VTCJNGP OO $TQYP %QNN (KGYGIGT p 'KOGT p 44 5GJT UEJÌP

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG IGRT·IV 9GTMUVCVV /CECWNG[ $CDKPIVQP CWH FKG #DUEJCHHWPI FGT 5MNCXGTGK KO %QOOQPYGCNVJ 'KP YGKGT WPF GKP UEJYCT\GT /CPP UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT WPF TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG *·PFG KO *KPVGTITWPF *ÒVVGPFQTH WPF HÒPH 5EJYCT\G FKG WO GKPGP $CWO VCP\GP #TCDKUEJG 5EJTKHV OO 'KOGT C 4 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

129

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5279

5280

5281

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG IGRT·IV XQP 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG #PMWPHV FGT GPINKUEJGP #TOGG CWH FGT +DGTKUEJGP *CNDKPUGN Y·JTGPF FGU URCPKUEJGP 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVUMTKGIGU 2GPKPUWNCT 9CT CO #WIWUV WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ XQP #TVJWT 9GNNGUNG[ FGO UR·VGTGP &WMG QH 9GNNKPIVQP

Ó $ÒUVG 9GNNGUNG[U T &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP XQP 5RCPKGP WPF 2QTVWICN UVGJGP PCEJ N CO 7HGT WPF YGTFGP XQO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #FNGT OKV $NKV\ KP FGP (·PIGP CPIGITKHHGP N FKG CPMQOOGPFG GPINKUEJG (NQVVG OO 'KOGT 4 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ #TVJWT 9GNNGUNG[ YCT FGT JGTCWUTCIGPFG DTKVKUEJG /KNKV·THÒJTGT Y·JTGPF FGT -TKGIG IGIGP 0CRQN¾QP WPF DGUKGIVG FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CKUGT GPFIÒNVKI KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK 9CVGTNQQ +O ,CJT YWTFG GT \WO &WMG QH 9GNNKPIVQP GTJQDGP 'T PCJO HÒT )TQDTKVCPPKGP CO 9KGPGT -QPITG VGKN WPF YCT XQP DKU UQYKG 'PFG DTKVKUEJGT 2TGOKGTOKPKUVGT $KU \W UGKPGO 6QF DNKGD GT 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT DTKVKUEJGP #TOGG 0CEJ KJO UKPF FKG PGWUGGN·PFKUEJG *CWRVUVCFV 9GNNKPIVQP UQYKG FKG UÒFCHTKMCPKUEJG 5VCFV 9GNNKPIVQP DGPCPPV

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG IGRT·IV XQP ) /KNNU WPF .CHKVVG CWH FGP 5KGI FGT GPINKUEJGP #TOGG ÒDGT FKG (TCP\QUGP DGK 6CNCXGTC -CUVKNKGP .C /CPEJC Y·JTGPF FGU URCPKUEJGP 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVUMTKGIGU

2GPKPUWNCT 9CT CO #WIWUV WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ XQP #TVJWT 9GNNGUNG[ FGO UR·VGTGP &WMG QH 9GNNKPIVQP

Ó 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF 9GNNGUNG[U T 8KMVQTKC UVGJV X X \YKUEJGP FGO GPINKUEJGP .ÌYGP WPF FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #FNGT OO 'KOGT -N (NGEM HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $TGPGV CWH FGP 5KGI FGT GPINKUEJGP 6TWRRGP WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ FGU (GNF OCTUEJCNNU WPF /KNKV·THÒJTGTU #TVJWT 9GNNGUNG[ FGO UR·VGTGP &WMG QH 9GNNKPIVQP

Ó ÒDGT FKG (TCP\QUGP DGK 5CNCOCPEC WPF FGP 'KPOCTUEJ FGT 'PIN·PFGT KP /CFTKF $TKVKUEJG 6TWRRGP TÒEMGP IGIGP FKG (TCP\QUGP XQT CWH FKGUG UEJNGWFGTV $GNNQPC $NKV\G 9GNNGUNG[ TGKVGV N WPF YKTF XQP GKPGO URCPKUEJGP 2CCT DGITÒV FCU KJO GKPG $NWOGPIKTNCPFG ÒDGTIKDV OO I 'KOGT 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5282

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FKG 0KGFGTNCIG FGT (TCP\QUGP IGIGP FKG CNNKKGTVGP 6TWRRGP WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ FGU (GNFOCTUEJCNNU WPF /KNKV·THÒJTGTU #TVJWT 9GNNGUNG[ &WMG QH 9GNNKPIVQP

Ó KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK 9CVGTNQQ CO ,WPK $ÒUVG 9GNNKPIVQPU T <YGK KPGKPCPFGT ITGKHGPFG *·PFG FCTWPVGT FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT -TCP\ XQP 5EJTKHVDCPF WOYWPFGP OO 'KOGT (GKPG 2CVKPC MN -TCV\GT WPF 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'KP )CNXCPQ FGU DTÒJOVGP 9CVGTNQQ /GFCKNNQPU XQP $GPGFGVVQ 2KUVTWEEK HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

130

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5283

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 0 ) $TGPGV CWH FGP 'KP\WI FGT GPINKUEJGP 6TWRRGP WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ FGU (GNFOCTUEJCNNU WPF /KNKV·THÒJTGTU #TVJWT 9GNNGUNG[ &WMG QH 9GNNKPIVQP

Ó KP 2CTKU CO ,WNK $ÒUVG 9GNNKPIVQPU T #PUKEJV FGU .QWXTG KP 2CTKU OO I 'KOGT #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5284

)GQTIG +8 $NGKOGFCKNNG Q , WO WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP 6 *CNNKFC[ &CTUVGNNWPI FGT YGUVNKEJGP *GOKURJ·TG OKV 0QTF WPF 5ÒFCOGTKMC &CTUVGNNWPI FGT ÌUVNKEJGP *GOKURJ·TG OKV #HTKMC 'WTQRC #UKGP WPF #WUVTCNKGP OO 'KOGT C -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5285

$TQP\G 5VGEMOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP , ) *CPEQEM CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO ÒDGT IGMTGW\VGP &KUVGN WPF $NWOGP \YGKIGP OO +PJCNV %JTQPQNQIKG FGT GPINKUEJGP *GTTUEJGT \WO 6GKN OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPG UEJYCT\ YGKG FQRRGNUGKVKIG -WRHGTUVKEJG OKV FGP &CTUVGNNWPIGP FGT GPINKUEJGP 4GIGPVGP 9KNNKCO ++ DKU )GQTIG +8 KP FGP &GEMGNKPPGPUGKVGP DGHKPFGP UKEJ GKP -WRHGTUVKEJ OKV IGMTÌPVGT 5EJTKHV %JTQPQNQI[ QH VJG 5QXGTGKIPU QH 'PINCPF ÒDGT &KUVGN WPF $NWOGP\YGKIGP NQUG D\Y GKP -WRHGTUVKEJ OKV FGO 2QTVT·V 'FYCTFU 8 $TQYP 444 'KOGT \W 2TGNGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

131

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5286

8KEVQTKC <KPPOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 9GTMUVCVV , &CXKU CWH FKG 6GUVHCJTV FGU &CORH UEJKHHGU )TGCV $TKVCKP CWH FGT 6JGOUG XQP $TKUVQN PCEJ .QPFQP CO ,CPWCT #PUKEJV FGU 5EJKH HGU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO $TQYP 'KOGT p 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU RTGWKUEJGP -ÌPKIU KP .QPFQP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5287

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 *CNNKFC[ CWH FKG #PMWPHV FGT EJKPGUKUEJGP &UEJWPMG -G[KPI CO /·T\ #PUKEJV FGT &UEJWPMG KO *CHGP WOJGT 4WFGTDQQVG <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO $TQYP 'KOGT p XIN #PO 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5288

132

5KNDGTPG 2TGKUOGFCKNNG XQP 9 WPF . % 9[QP CWH FKG 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI KP .QPFQP &KG $ÒUVGP FGT -ÌPKIKP WPF KJTGU )GOCJNU 2TKP\ #NDGTV

Ó 5QJP FGU *GT\QIU 'TPUV + XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI 5CCNHGNF WPF 5CEJUGP %QDWTI )QVJC PGDGPGKPCPFGT N FCJKPVGT &TGK\CEM WPVGP \YGK &GNRJKPG $TKVCPPKC UKV\V PCEJ T WPF UGV\V FGT XQT KJT MPKGPFGP RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP +PFWUVTKG GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ CWH FCJKPVGT UVGJGP KP GKPGT 4GKJG FKG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP FGT XKGT 'TFVGKNG #HTKMC #OGTKMC #UKGP WPF 'WTQRC \W FGP 5GKVGP 'ODNGOG FGT +PFWUVTKG WPF FGU *CPFGNU OO I #WIWUVKP 'KOGT FQTV KP $TQP\G +P 5KNDGT XQP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5289

<KPPOGFCKNNG XQP , #NNGP WPF , /QQTG CWH FKG 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI KP .QPFQP &KG $TWUVDKNFGT FGT -ÌPKIKP WPF KJTGU )GOCJNU 2TKP\ #NDGTV

Ó 5QJP FGU *GT\QIU 'TPUV + XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI 5CCNHGNF WPF 5CEJUGP %QDWTI )QVJC PGDGPGKPCPFGT N QDGP -KUUGP OKV -TÌPWPIUKPUKIPKGP WOJGT .QTDGGT WPF 'KEJGP\YGKIG #PUKEJV FGU #WUUVGNNWPIUIGD·WFGU OO #WIWUVKP 'KOGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ &KG GTUVG 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI YWTFG CWH +PKVKCVKXG FGU 2TKP\IGOCJNU #NDGTV KP .QPFQP KO %JT[UVCN 2CNCEG GTÌHHPGV &KGUG WPF FKG HQNIGPFGP 9GNVTCWUUVGNNWPIGP KO ,CJTJWPFGTV YWTFGP \WT /CPKHGUVCVKQP FGT )NQDCNKUKGTWPI &GT 2JKNQUQRJ 2GVGT 5NQVGTFKLM YKFOGV KP UGKPGO $WEJ +O 9GNVKPPGPTCWO FGU -CRKVCNU FKGUGO 2J·PQOGP GKP -CRKVGN &GT -TKUVCNNRCNCUV 'T HÒJTV FQTV CWU ő KP FGO TKGUGPJCHVGP -TKUVCNNRCNCUV FGT IÒNVKIGP RTQRJGVKUEJGP $CWHQTO FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU FKG UQHQTV YGNVYGKV MQRKGTV YWTFG YCT DGTGKVU FGT *KPYGKU CWH GKPGP KPVGITCNGP GTNGDPKUQTKGPVKGTVGP RQRWN·TGP -CRKVCNKUOWU CPIGNGIV ő

5292

5290

5291

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 9 9[QP CWH FKG 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI KP .QPFQP $ÒUVG KJTGU )GOCJNU WPF +PKVKCVQTU FGT #WUUVGNNWPI 2TKP\ 2TKP\ #NDGTV

Ó 5QJP FGU *GT\QIU 'TPUV + XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI 5CCNHGNF WPF 5CEJUGP %QDWTI )QVJC N (TKGFGPUVCWDG CWH 'TFINQDWU FCTCWH 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV ':*+$+614 \W FGP 5GKVGP .QTDGGT\YGKIG /KV 4CPFRWP\G <1..8'4'+0 Ü 0Q Ü OO #WIWUVKP 'KOGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6TCIDCTG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ 9[QP CWH FKG 5KGIG FGT #NNKKGTVGP CO 5EJYCT\GP /GGT WPF CP FGT &QPCW $ÒUVG N OKV &KCFGO -TKGIGT KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI UVGJV X X KP FGT 4GEJVGP &QNEJ KP FGT .KPMGP 5EJKNF WPF YKTF XQP FGT JKPVGT KJO UEJYGDGPFGP 0KMG DGMT·P\V OO I $TQYP p 'KOGT p #P DNCWpIGNDGO $CPF 5GJT UEJÌP

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 5EJPKV\URCJP WPF , 9KGPGT CWH FKG 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI KP .QPFQP $ÒUVG KJTGU )GOCJNU WPF +PKVKCVQTU FGT #WUUVGNNWPI 2TKP\ #NDGTV

Ó 5QJP FGU *GT\QIU 'TPUV + XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI 5CCNHGNF WPF 5CEJUGP %QDWTI )QVJC N #PUKEJV FGU #WUUVGNNWPIUIGD·WFGU OO I #WIWUVKP 'KOGT -N 4CPFHGJNGT WPF -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

133

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5293

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 5EJPKV\URCJP WPF , 9KGPGT CWH FKG 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI KP .QPFQP $ÒUVG KJTGU )GOCJNU WPF +PKVKCVQTU FGT #WUUVGNNWPI 2TKP\ #NDGTV

Ó 5QJP FGU *GT\QIU 'TPUV + XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI 5CCNHGNF WPF 5CEJUGP %QDWTI )QVJC N +PPGPCPUKEJV FGU #WUUVGNNWPIUIGD·WFGU OO #WIWUVKP 'KOGT #PO 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5294

<KPPOGFCKNNG XQP , 2KPEJGU CWH FKG 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI KP .QPFQP <YGK YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNVGP UKV\GP PGDGPGKPCPFGT JCNDN OKV \YGK (CJPGP WOJGT #VVTKDWVG FGT -WPUV FGT +PFWUVTKG WPF FGU *CPFGNU KO *KPVGTITWPF N 5GIGNUEJKHHG T 'KUGPDCJP #PUKEJV FGT 9GUVHTQPV FGU #WUUVGNNWPIUIGD·WFGU OO #WIWUVKP XCT 'KOGT p 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5295

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ' $QGJO WPF ( .GKIJVQP CWH KJT L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO 1HHK\KGNNG 2T·IWPI FGT 4Q[CN /KPV )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV 5EJNGKGT 9GKDNKEJG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP FGU $TKVKUJ 'ORKTG VJTQPV X X FKG 4GEJVG CWH 5EJYGTV IGUVÒV\V KP FGT .KPMGP 4GKEJUCRHGN FCTCWH 8KMVQTKC UVCVWGVVG WOJGT FKG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHV FGT -ÒPUVG FGT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV WPF FGT +PFWUVTKG \W KJTGP (ÒGP FGT FGP *CPFGN RGTUQPKHK\KGTGPFG PCEJ T NCIGTPFG /GTMWT WPF GKP FKG <GKV RGTUQPKHK\KGTGPFGT UKV\GPFGT IGHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU QDGP UEJYGDGP \YGK 'PIGN OKV -T·P\GP WPF 5EJKNFGP KO #DUEJPKVV HÒPH 5EJKNFG FKG OKV FGP 0COGP FGT -QPVKPGPVG DGUEJTKHVGV UKPF OO I 'KOGT D 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH KJTG 6QEJVGT 8KEVQTKC -CKUGTKP XQP &GWVUEJNCPF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

134

GROSSBRITANNIEN

5296

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 5 WPF # $ 9[QP 2T·OKG FGT 5V )TGIQT )GUGNNUEJCHV $TWUVDKNF FGU 5EJWV\RCVTQPU 2CRUV )TGIQT + FGU )TQGP

WO Ó 2CRUV XQP T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 'KOGT p 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5297

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) 9 FG 5CWNNGU PCEJ 6 $TQEM CWH KJT L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO NVGTGU $TWUVDKNF 8KEVQTKCU N OKV 9KVYGPUEJNGKGT ,WPIG $ÒUVG 8KEVQTKCU N \YKUEJGP +PUEJTKHV FCTWPVGT .QTDGGT \YGKIG OO I 'KOGT C *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC 5VGORGNINCP\

5298

'NK\CDGVJ ++ UGKV 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( -QXCEU CWH FGP 6QF FGU 2TGOKGTOKPKUVGTU 5KT 9KPUVQP .GQPCTF 5RGPEGT %JWTEJKNN

$TWUVDKNF FGU 5VCCVUOCPPGU HCUV X X FCJKPVGT $ÒEJGT WPF 2KPUGN 5QNFCV UVGJV PCEJ T CP 7HGT OKV GTJQDGPGT (CWUV KP FGT 4GEJVGP UGKP )GYGJT XQT KJO VQUGPFG 9GNNGP QDGP (NKGIGTUVCHHGN OO I 'KOGT C *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI 5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH 5KT 9KPUVQP %JWTEJKNN HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WII \W )TQDTKVCPPKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

135

ITALIEN

5299

&#5 '4<$+567/ $1.1)0#

+6#.+'0

)GTQPKOQ %QNQPPC $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 'T\DKUEJQH )KTQNCOQ

)GTQPKOQ %QNQPPC

Ó CD -CTFKPCN WPF XQP 'T\DKUEJQH $TWUVDKNF N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &CU (COKNKGPYCRRGP FGT %QNQPPC FCTÒDGT -CTFKPCNUJWV OO $ÌTPGT 8QT\ÒINKEJGT 1TKIKPCNIW

5300

&+' 56#&6 $4'5%+#

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , 5CNYKTEM CWH FKG 'TUVÒTOWPI FGU 2CNC\\Q $TQNGVVQ FWTEJ FKG 'KPYQJPGT $TGUEKCU DGK FGO 'KPVTGHHGP FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6TWRRGP #PUKEJV FGU 2CNC\\QU OKV FGP GKPOCTUEJKGTGPFGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6TWRRGP N FKG CPITGKHGPFG $GXÌNMGTWPI (TGKJGKVUOÒV\G WPF 5EJYGTV ÒDGT \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO 5NI ,WNKWU 9WT\DCEJ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5301

&+' 56#&6 %#5#.' /106('44#6

136

%CTNQ + )QP\CIC 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 9CTKP CWH FGP FWTEJ FGP R·RUVNKEJGP )GUCPFVGP -CTFKPCN ,WNGU /C\CTKP

Ó GTTGKEJVGP 9CHHGPUVKNNUVCPF Y·JTGPF FGT URCPKUEJGP $GNCIGTWPI FGT FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP DGUGV\VGP 5VCFV %CUCNG KO /CPVWCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI $TWUVDKNF FGU -CTFKPCNU T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV <YGK #TOGGP UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT FC\YKUEJGP GKP 5QNFCV FGT \WT IGIGPÒDGTNKGIGPFGP 5GKVG TGKVGV KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP %CUCNG OO I ,QPGU 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

ITALIEN

5302

&+' 56#&6 )'07#

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) 8CIPGVVK CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI XQP 6JQOCU 8KEVQT XQP 5CXQ[GP

Ó *GT\QI XQP )GPWC OKV 2TKP\GUUKP +UCDGNNC XQP $C[GTP

Ó 'PMGNKP FGU -ÌPKIU .WFYKI + XQP $C[GTP CO #RTKN &KG $ÒUVGP FGU 2CCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT N FCTWPVGT FKG CPGKPCPFGT IGNGJPVGP IGMTÌPVGP (COKNKGPYCRRGP \YKUEJGP <YGKIGP )GHNÒIGNVG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UVGJV X X WPF UEJTGKDV FCU &CVWO FGT *QEJ\GKV CWH GKPGP QXCNGP 5EJKNF \W KJTGP (ÒGP NKGIV GKP KVCNKGPKUEJGT 9CRRGP UEJKNF KO *KPVGTITWPF *CHGPGKPHCJTV OKV &CORHUEJKHH N 5KGIGUU·WNG OKV 6TQRJ·G OO I 9KVV p XIN 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH -CVJCTKPC XQP /GFKEK HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5303

&+' 56#&6 (.14'0<

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 4 )C[TCTF CWH FGP (NQTGPVKPGT &KEJVGT WPF 2JKNQUQRJGP &CPVG #NKIJKGTK

Ó 8GTHCUUGT FGT )ÌVVNKEJGP -QOÌFKG $TWUVDKNF #NKIJKGTKU N OKV /ÒV\G .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP #DUEJPKVVUNKPKGP OO 9WT\DCEJ p -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5304

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) . *¾TCTF CWH FGP KVCNKGPKUEJGP /CNGT $KNFJCWGT #PCVQO WPF 0CVWTRJKNQ UQRJGP .GQPCTFQ FC 8KPEK

Ó $TWUVDKNF FC 8KPEKU N OKV *WV WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN (GFGT WPF )TKHHGN IGMTGW\V ÒDGT .CPFUEJCHV FCTÒDGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO I 8CPPGN 6QFGTK \W FQTV 0CEJRT·IWPI KP $TQP\G 9WT\DCEJ FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

137

ITALIEN

5305

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) . *¾TCTF CWH FGP KVCNKGPKUEJGP /CNGT $KNFJCWGT #TEJKVGMVGP WPF &KEJVGT /KEJGNCPIGNQ /KEJGNCPIGNQ FK .QFQXKEQ $WQPCTQVVK 5KOQPK Ó $TWUVDKNF FGU -ÒPUVNGTU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #VVTKDWVG FGT /CNGTGK $KNFJCWGTGK #TEJKVGMVWT WPF &KEJVMWPUV KP .CPFUEJCHV OO I ,QPGU 44 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG OKV FGO 2QTVT·V XQP #PPC /CTKC XQP /GFKEK HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5306

1,5:1

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) < 8GDGT CWH FKG #PMWPHV FGU VQUMCPKUEJGP )TQJGT\QIU 2GVGT .GQRQNF

TGI KP FGT 6QUECPC KP (NQTGP\ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGT )TQJGT\QIU T &GT (NWIQVV FGU #TPQ NCIGTV PCEJ N CP 3WGNNWTPG IGNGJPV FKG 4GEJVG GTJQDGP JKPVGT KJO PCEJ N NKGIGPFGT .ÌYG OKV .KNKGPUEJKNF KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP (NQTGP\ OO 5NI ,WNKWU 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT XQT\ÒINKEJ 2GVGT .GQRQNF YWTFG \WO -CKUGT .GQRQNF ++ IGMTÌPV

138

1,5:1

ITALIEN

5307

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG XQP ( (CDDK CWH FGP (NQTGPVKPGT #T\V /CVJGOCVKMGT #UVTQPQO WPF -CTVQITCH 2CQNQ FCN 2Q\\Q 6QUECPGNNK

Ó WPF FGP KVCNKGPKUEJGP -CWHOCPP 5GGHCJTGT 0CXKICVQT WPF 'PVFGEMGT #OGTKIQ 8GURWEEK

EC Ó $TWUVDKNF 6QUECPGNNKU N $TWUVDKNF 8GURWEEKU N OO 9WT\DCEJ p 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 70& &+' 56#&6 /#067# /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W /CPVWC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5308

5309

&#5 *'4<1)67/ /1&'0#

(TCP\ +8 XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 'UVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , , $CTTG CWH FKG 'ZGMWVKQP XQP 8KPEGPEQ $QTGNNK

WPF %KTQ /GPQVVK

(ÒJTGT FGU #WHUVCPFGU KP /QFGPC $GKFGT $ÒUVGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT N #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO 9WT\DCEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W /QFGPC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 0'#2'. 70& 5+<+.+'0

-CTN 8+ XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ -CTN +++ XQP 5RCPKGP 5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 0GCRGN FWTEJ -CKUGT ,QUGH + TGI 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 0GCRGN CWU FGTGP 6QTGP FKG 'KPYQJPGT \KGJGP WO FKG CPTÒEMGPFGP ¤UVGTTGKEJGT \W GORHCPIGP 4Q URTKPIV T ÒDGT GKPGP \WXQT CDIGYQTHGPGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5QNFCVGP JKPYGI /KV 4CPF UEJTKHV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT FQTV KP <KPP (QTUVGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT

139

ITALIEN

5311

5310

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # 6TCXCPK CWH FKG 9KGFGTGTNCPIWPI 5K\KNKGPU IGYKFOGV XQP FGT 5VCFV 2C NGTOQ $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #PUKEJV FGU *CHGPU XQP 2CNGTOQ OKV .GWEJVVWTO FCJKPVGT 5GIGNUEJKHH CWH 5GG OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ +P FGP (TKGFGPUUEJNÒUUGP XQP 7VTGEJV WPF 4CUVCVV WPF JCVVG *CDUDWTI \YCT FCU -ÌPKITGKEJ 0GCRGN WPF 5K\KNKGP GTJCNVGP FKG +PUGN 5K\KNKGP IKPI LGFQEJ CP FCU *GT\QIVWO 5CXQ[GP 0CEJ URCPKUEJGP #PITKHHGP CWH FKG +PUGN IGNCPIVG 5K\KNKGP KO ,CJT YKGFGT CP 0GCRGN KO #WUVCWUEJ IGIGP 5CTFKPKGP FCU OKV 5CXQ[GP \WO -ÌPKITGKEJ 5CTFKPKGP XGTGKPKIV YWTFG

/GFCKNNGP CWH FGP #DYGJTMCORH IGIGP FGP URCPKUEJGP #PITKHH HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP

-CTN +++ XQP $QWTDQP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , FG #XGVC CWH FCU #WUDTKPIGP CP MCNCDTK UEJGO 5KNDGT $TWUVDKNFGT -CTNU +++ WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKC #OCNKC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU -WTHÒTUVGP (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV ++ XQP 5CEJUGP -ÌPKI XQP 2QNGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT $GTIOCPP UKV\V PCEJ N CP (GNUGP IGNGJPV KO NKPMGP #TO (ÒNNJQTP OKV XGTUEJKGFGPGP /GVCNN\GKEJGP KP FGT 4GEJVGP *CMGP WOJGT NKGIGP /GKPUVTWOGPVG PGDGP KJO UEJYGDGPFGT /GTMWT KP FGT 4GEJVGP /GTMWTUVCD KP FGT GTJQDGPGP .KPMGP )TWDGPNCORG KO *KPVGTITWPF N (ÌTFGTJCURGN OO I /ÒUGNGT 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5312

(GTFKPCPF +8 + XQP $QWTDQP 2GTKQFG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP XQP & 2GTIGT CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV /CTKC -NGOGPVKPG 6QEJVGT -CKUGT .GQRQNFU ++ XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ

Ó $GKFGT $TWUVDKNFGT PGDGPGKPCPFGT T #OQT OKV .KNKG WPF *[OGP OKV (CEMGN UVGJGP CO 5VTCPF XQP /CPHTGFQPKC GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT CP #NVCT FCTCWH #FNGT FCTÒDGT UKGDGP 6CWDGP FKG KO $QIGP CWH FGP #NVCT \WHNKGIGP N UKV\V /KPGTXC OKV *GNO 5RGGT WPF 5EJKNF PCEJ T FCU *CWRV IGUGPMV T UKV\V %GTGU OKV $NWOGPMTCP\ CWH FGO *CWRV PCEJ N PGDGP KJT FTGK -KPFGT FKG $NWOGP UVTGWGP KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG #DJ·PIG FGU )CTICPQP WPF XKGT 5GIGNUEJKHHG CWH 5GG OO I 4KEEKCTFK 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

140

ITALIEN

5313

(GTFKPCPF +8 + XQP $QWTDQP 2GTKQFG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP XQP & 2GTIGT CWH UGKPG 4ÒEMMGJT PCEJ 0GCRGN PCEJ FGO <WUCOOGPDTWEJ FGT 2CTVJGPQR·KUEJGP 4GRWDNKM )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN (NWIQVV FGU 5GDGVQ NCIGTV PCEJ T CP 3WGNNWTPG IGNGJPV KO TGEJVGP #TO 5VGWGTTWFGT FKG .KPMG CWUIGUVTGEMV WPF DNKEMV \W GKPGT PCEJ N KO /GGT UEJYKOOGPFGP 5KTGPG JKPÒDGT KO *KPVGTITWPF 8GUWX FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG OO I 4KEEKCTFK 44 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP

5314

,QCEJKO /WTCV -ÌPKI XQP 0GCRGN $TQP\GOGFCKNNG #001 + WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGT 2KC\\C /WTCV KP 0GCRGN CO /·T\ -QRH N 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO 5NI ,WNKWU 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5315

5315 1,5:1

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 2#4/#

2KGTNWKIK (CTPGUG $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ) $QP\CIPK IGPCPPV (GFGTKEQ 2CTOGPUG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #PUKEJV FGT <KVCFGNNG XQP 2CTOC CWU FGT 8QIGN RGTURGMVKXG OKV FTGK $CUVKQPGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF )TCDGP WPF (GUVWPIUYCNN OO $ÌTPGT 44 1TKIKPCNIW UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

141

ITALIEN

5316

5317

/CTKC .QWKUC 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) # 5CPVCTGNNK CWH FKG PGWG $TÒEMG ÒDGT FGP 6CTQ $ÒUVG T OKV &KCFGO #PUKEJV FGU (NWUUGU OKV FGT PGWGP $TÒEMG OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ /CTKG .QWKUG FKG ·NVGUVG 6QEJVGT FGU ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -CKUGTU (TCP\ + YWTFG IGIGP KJTGP 9WPUEJ OKV 0CRQN¾QP PCEJ FGUUGP 6TGPPWPI XQP ,QUGRJKPG XGTO·JNV #O /·T\ HCPF GKPG (GTPVTCWWPI \YKUEJGP FGT FCOCNU L·JTKIGP 'T\JGT\QIKP WPF FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CKUGT UVCVV CWU FKGUGO #PNC YWTFG FGT NCPIL·JTKIG )GH·JTVG WPF GPIG 8GTVTCWVG 0CRQN¾QPU #NGZCPFTG $GTVJKGT IGUCPFV WO FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CKUGT Y·JTGPF FGT <GTGOQPKG \W XGTVTGVGP &KG QHHK\KGNNG *QEJ\GKV XQP 0CRQN¾QP WPF /CTKG .QWKUG HCPF CO #RTKN KP 2CTKU UVCVV 0CEJ FGT #DFCPMWPI 0CRQN¾QPU HNQJ UKG \WP·EJUV PCEJ 9KGP +JT YWTFGP KO 9KGPGT -QPITG FKG *GT\QIVÒOGT 2CTOC 2KCEGP\C WPF )WCUVCNNC \WIGURTQEJGP 1DYQJN UKG OKV 0CRQN¾QP DKU \W FGUUGP 6QF XGTJGKTCVGV DNKGD NGDVG UKG KP 2CTOC OKV FGO )TCHGP #FCO #NDGTV XQP 0GKRRGTI DKU \W FGUUGP 6QF \WUCOOGP &KG -KPFGT CWU FKGUGT 8GTDKPFWPI FKG FWTEJ OQTICPCVKUEJG 'JGUEJNKGWPI NGIKVKOKUKGTV YWTFG GTJKGNVGP FGP 0COGP /QPVGPWQXQ +O ,CJT JGKTCVGVG /CTKG .QWKUG GKP FTKVVGU /CN %JCTNGU 4GP¾ FG $QODGNNGU /KPKUVGT KP 2CTOC +O &G\GODGT UVCTD FKG ¤UVGTTGKEJGTKP FKG UKEJ KP 2CTOC \W GKPGT GEJVGP .CPFGUOWVVGT GPVYKEMGNV JCVVG KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP CP GKPGT $TWUVHGNNGPV\ÒPFWPI

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' )CNNK WPF & $GPVGNNK CWH FGP $CW FGT $TÒEMG ÒDGT FGP (NW 6KFQPG $TWUVDKNF N OKV &KCFGO WPF 5EJNGKGT (NWIQVV NCIGTV PCEJ T KP 5EJKNH FGP TGEJVGP #TO CWH 3WGNNWTPG IGNGJPV KO *KPVGTITWPF .CPFUEJCHV OKV $TÒEMG OO I 5NI *QTUM[ 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5318

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) 8QKIV CWH FKG $GHGUVKIWPI FGT 2CUVTCG %KUC XQP 2CTOC ÒDGT FKG URCPKUEJGP #NRGP PCEJ /CUUC CP FGT VQUMCPKUEJGP -ÒUVG $TWUVDKNF N OKV &KCFGO 5EJNGKGT WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5VCFVIÌVVKP UKV\V PCEJ N WPF GORH·PIV FGP CPMQOOGPFGP /GTMWT FGT FKG .KPMG GTJGDV OO I 5NI *QTUM[ p 9WT\DCEJ FQTV KP $TQP\G 4 *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W /CTKC .QWKUC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP

142

ITALIEN

5319

%CTNQ +++ FK $QTDQPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & $GPVGNNK CWH UGKPG #PMWPHV KP 2CTOC &KG $ÒUVGP FGU *GT\QIU WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP .QWKUG /CTKG 6JGTGUG XQP $QWTDQP PGDGPGKPCPFGT N &KG IGMTÌPVG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP FGT 5VCFV 2CTOC UKV\V PCEJ N FGP NKPMGP #TO CWH FGO IGMTÌPVGP 9CRRGPUEJKNF XQP 2CTOC IGNGJPV WOJGT XGTUEJKGFGPG #VVTKDWVG KO *KPVGTITWPF CWHIGJGPFG 5QPPG OO I &C\W GKP YGKVGTGU 'ZGORNCT KP $TQP\G OO 5VÒEM 4 +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 8QT\ÒINKEJ WPF HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5320

1,5:1

&#5 (ª456'067/ 2+1/$+01

+UCDGNNC #RRKCPK 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , , -QTPOCPP %QTOCPQ CWH KJTGP )GOCJN 2CQNQ )KQTFKCPQ ++ 1TUKPK

Ó *GT\QI XQP $TCEEKCPQ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF 1TUKPKU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 0CEMVG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UEJTGKVGV T OKV FGT 4GEJVGP HÒJTV UKG GKP 4CF KP FGT .KPMGP 6WEJ OO I %QNN -TGUU 5 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC

5321

&+' *'445%*#(6 &'4 /#.#6'56# +0 4+/+0+

5KIKUOWPFWU 2CPFQNHWU /CNCVGUVC $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 9GTMUVCVV /CVVGQ FG 2CUVK $TWUVDKNF N #TO OKV 2CNO\YGKI OO #TOCPF + 5 %QNN -TGUU p *CDKEJ

+VCNKGP p *KNN 1TKIKPCNIW UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 5#4&+0+'0

/GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \WO -ÌPKITGKEJ 5CTFKPKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 143

ITALIEN

5322

&+' 4'27$.+- 8'0'&+)

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTVGKFKIWPI -TGVCU IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

)KTQNCOQ 2TKWNK $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP / 2CICPQ CWH FGP *QEJOGKUVGT FGT 5EWQNC )TCPFK FK 5CP /CTEQ KP 8GPGFKI 6QOOCUQ 4CPIQPG

Ó $TWUVDKNF FGU *QEJOGKUVGTU T OKV $CTV WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN ,WRKVGT CNU #FNGT DTKPIV UGKPGP 5QJP *GTCMNGU \W ,WPQ FKG CWH GKPGO $GVV CWU 5VGTPGP NKGIV WO KJP WPUVGTDNKEJ \W OCEJGP WPVGP .KNKGP WPF 8ÌIGN OO 8CPPGN 6QFGTK 8QNVQNKPC 44 5GJT UEJÌPGT 1TKIKPCNIW

5323

2CUSWCNG %KEQIPC $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP $CW FGT 6TWRRGPSWCTVKGTG KP FGT (GUVWPI 5CP 0KEQNQ CWH FGO .KFQ )GMTÌPVG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UKV\V PCEJ N KP FGT .KPMGP 2CNO \YGKI OKV FGT 4GEJVGP J·NV UKG GKPG -TQPG ÒDGT FGP -QRH FGU XQT KJT NKGIGPFGP /CTMWUNÌYGP <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP 4QUGVVG OO #VVYQQF C FQTV CNU )W 4 )GRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5324

5324 1,5:1

/CTE #PVQPKQ )KWUVKPKCP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP . ) .CWHHGT WPF ) *CWVUEJ CWH FKG 5KGIG ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP KP /QTGC 2GNQRQPPGU 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 8GPGFKI 8KMVQTKC UKV\V PCEJ N OKV 2CNO\YGKI WPF 5EJKNF WOJGT HÒPH 2WVVGP FKG 6CHGNP WPF GKP $NCVV OKV FGP &CTUVGNNWPIGP FGT GTQDGTVGP 2N·V\G JCNVGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 8QNVQNKPC 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 'KP -GPPGT FGT TÌOKUEJ KVCNKGPKUEJGP )GUEJKEJVG YWVG FGT 9KTMWPI FKGUGT 5VCFV PQEJ KO ,CJTJWPFGTV #WUFTWEM \W XGTNGKJGP )CP\ 8GPGFKI KUV GKP 2QGO FCU UEJÌPUVG YCU GKP 8QNM IGUEJCHHGP JCV WPF FKGU YCT GKP RTCMVKUEJGU 8QNM ő 0KTIGPFU UQPUV KP +VCNKGP GTMGPPV OCP UQ FGWVNKEJ FKG YWPFGTDCTG UEJÌRHGTKUEJG 2JCPVCUKG WPF )TC\KG OKV YGNEJGT FKGUG 0CVKQP DGICDV KUV

(GTFKPCPF )TGIQTQXKWU TÌOKUEJG 6CIGDÒEJGT 8GPGFKI

144

ITALIEN

5325

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP . ) .CWHHGT WPF ) *CWVUEJ CWH FKG 5KGIG ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP KP /QTGC

2GNQRQPPGU 2WVVQ OKV FGP /GFCKNNQPU XQP /CTE #PVQPKQ )KWUVKPKCP WPF (TCPEGUEQ /QTQUKPK UR·VGT &QIG XQP 8GPGFKI CWH 2QFGUV FCXQT \YGK YGKVGTG 2WVVGP OKV FGP #PUKEJVGP FGT GTQDGTVGP (GUVWPIGP \W FGP 5GKVGP VÒTMKUEJG 5VCPFCTVGP 8KMVQTKC UKV\V PCEJ N OKV 2CNO\YGKI WPF 5EJKNF WOJGT HÒPH 2WVVGP FKG 6CHGNP WPF GKP $NCVV OKV FGP &CTUVGNNWPIGP FGT GTQDGTVGP 2N·V\G JCNVGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 8QNVQNKPC 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5326

1XCNGU 5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) *CWVUEJ 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FKG 5KGIG ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP KP /QTGC 2GNQRQPPGU &GT PCEJ T VJTQPGPFG &QIG WOIGDGP XQP UGKPGO )GHQNIG PKOOV XQP FGP XQT KJO MPKGPFGP $TÒFGTP /WUVCHC WPF *CUUCP 2CUEJC KJTG 7PVGTYGTHWPI GPVIGIGP #WHTGEJV UVGJGPFGT IGHNÒIGNVGT .ÌYG PCEJ N OKV 5EJYGTV WPF &GNHKP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV È 5'4'0+55+/+ .'10+5 #.#6+ 51.1 5#.137' 674%#47/ 8+%614+5 64+7/2*#.' (.14+.')+7/ Ü È Z OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 8QNVQNKPC 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ /CTE #PVQPKQ )KWUVKPKCP

/·T\ Ó /·T\ YCT FGT &QIG XQP 8GPGFKI 5GKPG MWT\G 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV YCT IGMGPP\GKEJPGV FWTEJ GKPG (QNIG XQP ÒRRKIGP WPF XGTUEJYGPFGTKUEJGP (GUVGP (ÒT )KWUVKPKCP YCT LGFGT #PNC IWV HÒT GKP (GUV FCU OKV GKPGO 6G &GWO EJTKUVNKEJGT .QDIGUCPI KP FGT -KTEJG DGICPP WPF OKV GKPGO $CPMGVV HQTVIGUGV\V YWTFG FCU GT GDGPHCNNU OKV GKPGO 6G &GWO GKPNGKVGVG YCU KJO DCNF FGP 5RKV\PCOGP KN FQIG FGN 6G &GWO GKPDTCEJVG 0CEJ UGKPGT HGKGTNKEJGP +PVJTQPKUCVKQP HGKGTVG OCP FKG 5KGIG 8GPGFKIU IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP OKV &CPMIQVVGUFKGPUVGP (GUVGP 6·P\GP WPF 5VCFVDGNGWEJVWPIGP

145

ITALIEN

5327

5328

.QFQXKEQ /CPKP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP # 5EJCDGN CWH FKG )TÒPFWPI FGT )TQGP 5EJWNG XQP 5CPVC /CTKC FGNNC %CTKV¯ PCEJ FGT 8GTUEJYÌTWPI WPF FGP PKGFGTIGUEJNCIGPGP #WHUVCPF XQP $CKCOQPVG 6KGRQNQ KO ,CJTG &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG /KNFV·VKIMGKV %CTKVCU UKV\V PCEJ T WPF J·NV \YGK -KPFGT KO #TO FCPGDGP GKP YGKVGTGU -KPF OKV FGO 5[ODQN FGT 5EJWNG #PUKEJV FGU %CORQ 5CP .WEC KO 8QTFGTITWPF FKG PKGFGTIGNGIVGP 9CHHGP FGT 8GTUEJYÌTGT KP FGT /KVVG GKPG 5VCPFCTVG OKV FGO 5[ODQN FGT 5EJWNG OO I 8QNVQNKPC *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

/GFCKNNGP CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 8GPGFKI FWTEJ 0CRQN¾QP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

&+' 56#&6 8'0'&+)

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP . (GTTCTK CWH FGP $CW FGT /QNG XQP /CNCOQEEQ #PUKEJV FGT /QNG OKV FGO .GWEJVVWTO KO *KPVGTITWPF 5EJKHHG 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO 5NI *QTUM[ 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

5329

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* +6#.+'0

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FCU PCRQNGQPKUEJG -ÌPKITGKEJ +VCNKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

8KEVQT 'OCPWGN ++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) (GTTCTKU CWH FKG $GVGKNK IWPI +VCNKGPU CP FGT 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI KP 2CTKU $ÒUVG N #VVTKDWVG FGT -WPUV FGU )GYGTDGU FGT +PFWUVTKG WPF FGU *CPFGNU FCTÒDGT \YGK <GKNGP IGDQIGPG 5EJTKHV OO #WIWUVKP FQTV WPIGPCW DGUEJTKGDGP 9WT\DCEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK FGT MTQCVKUEJGP +PUGN .KUUC 8KU IGIGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

146

ITALIEN

5330

7ODGTVQ + 8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ( 5RGTCP\C CWH FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGT KVCNKGPKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKGVTWRRG $GTUCINKGTK 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )TÒPFGTU )GPGTCN #NGUUCPFTQ .C /CTOQTC

Ó T 'KP 1HHK\KGT FGT $GTUCINKGTK UVGJV X X OKV 5EJYGTV KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP WPF HÒJTV UGKPG 6TWRRG \WO -CORH CP OO 9WT\DCEJ /KP DGTKGDGP HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ /GFCKNNGP XQP CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU FGWVUEJGP -CKUGTU 9KNJGNO ++ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5331

8KEVQT 'OCPWGN +++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # %CRRWEEKQ 9GTMUVCVV 5 ,QJPUQP /CKNCPF OQFGNNKGTV XQP ) %CUVKINKQPK CWH FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGT KVCNKGPKUEJGP 'KPJGKV WPF FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU +VCNKGP &KG $ÒUVGP FGU )TQXCVGTU 8KEVQT 'OCPWGN ++ WPF FGU -ÌPKIU 8KEVQT 'OCPWGN +++ PGDGPGKPCPFGT N \W FGP 5GKVGP /&%%%.:+ /%/:+ WOJGT 'KEJGPNCWD FCTWPVGT CEJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV &GT IGMTÌPVG #FNGT XQP 5CTFKPKGP OKV FTGK 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP WOJGT -TCP\ OKV &CTUVGNNWPIGP CWU FGT )GUEJKEJVG XQP 5CXQ[GP 5CTFKPKGP DKU \WT 2TQMNCOCVKQP FGU -ÌPKITGKEJGU OO 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

147

KIRCHENSTAAT

5332

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG # :+++ XQP % 4KXQNVC CWH $GPKVQ /WUUQNKPK

Ó -QRH /WUUQNKPKU N <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP #DUEJPKVVUNKPKG OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5333

&+' 2 256'

2CWN ++ $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP ' 1THKPK CWH FCU -QPUKUVQTKWO XQO &G\GODGT &CTUVGNNWPI FGU -QPUKUVQTKWOU KP FGT /KVVG 2CRUV 2CWN ++ CWH FGO 6JTQP \W UGKPGP 5GKVGP FKG -CTFKP·NG KO 8QTFGT WPF *KPVGTITWPF \CJNTGKEJG )N·WDKIG WPVGP FCU 9CRRGP FGU 2CRUVGU ,GUWU X X KP /CPFQTNC \W FGP 5GKVGP -KTEJGPIGNGJTVG FCTÒDGT /QPF WPF 5VGTPG UQYKG \CJN TGKEJG 'PIGN WPVGP FKG JGKNKIG ,WPIHTCW /CTKC WPF ,QJCPPGU FGT 6·WHGT PGDGP GKPGO #NVCT ICP\ WPVGP FKG 6QVGP OO /QFGUVK 444 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV ªDNKEJG MN .QEJWPI UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 2CRUV 2CWN ++ FGUUGP DÒTIGTNKEJGT 0COG 2GVTQ $CTDQ WPF FGUUGP *GTMWPHV 8GPGFKI YCT JKGNV UGKP 8GTURTGEJGP GKPGT -KTEJGPTGHQTO PKEJV UGJT NCPIG GKP 'T HÒJTVG DGTGKVU MWT\ PCEJ UGKPGT 9CJN XQO #WIWUV GKPG CWUUEJYGKHGPFG WPF MQUVURKGNKIG *QHJCNVWPI &GT JKUVQTKUEJ DGFGWVGPFUVG 5EJTKVV FKGUGU 2CRUVGU YCT FKG 'ZMQOOWPK\KGTWPI FGU DÌJOKUEJGP -ÌPKIU )GQTI 2QFKGDTCF FGT \W FGP JGTCWUTCIGPFUVGP 8GTVTGVGTP FGT DÌJOKUEJGP 4GHQTODGYGIWPI FGT *WUUKVGP IGJÌTVG &WTEJ FKGUGP $CPPHNWEJ FGP GT CWH FGO -QPUKUVQTKWO XQO &G\GODGT CWUURTCEJ OCEJVG GT FGP DÌJOKUEJGP 6JTQP HÒT /CVVJKCU %QTXKPWU XQP 7PICTP HTGK &CU XQTNKGIGPFG RT·EJVKIG 5EJCWUVÒEM CWH FGO FKGUG UGJT DGFGWVGPFG -KTEJGPUKV\WPI \W UGJGP KUV \·JNV \W FGP DGUQPFGTU HGKP IGCTDGKVGVGP R·RUVNKEJGP /GFCKNNGP &CU $TQP\GOGFCKNNQP CWH FGO CWEJ FKG XGPG\KCPKUEJG *GTMWPHV FGU 2CRUVGU JGTXQTIGJQDGP YKTF KUV HÒT FKG )GUEJKEJVG FGT MCVJQNKUEJGP -KTEJG YKG CWEJ HÒT FKG DÌJOKUEJG )GUEJKEJVG XQP ITQGT $GFGWVWPI

148

-+4%*'056##6 70& 8#6+-#0

KIRCHENSTAAT

5334

5335

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI WO XQP ) 2CNCFKPQ CWH FGP -CORH IGIGP FKG -GV\GT $TWUVDKNF T &CTUVGNNWPI GKPGT 9KNFUEJYGKPLCIF OKV ,·IGT 6TGKDGT WPF *WPFGP KO 9CNF OO /QFGUVK -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CWN +++ $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP # %GUCVK IGPCPPV KN )TGEJGVVQ CWH &KFQ -ÌPKIKP XQP -CTVJCIQ $ÒUVG &KFQU T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP -CTVJCIQ KO 8QTFGTITWPF *CHGP OKV )CNGGTGP OO %QNN -TGUU 5GJT UEJÌPGT )W XGTOWVNKEJ FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5336

2KWU +8 $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU WPUKIPKGTV XQP # %GUCVK IGPCPPV KN )TGEJGVVQ WPF ) $QP\CIPK IGPCPPV (GFGTKEQ 2CTOGPUG CWH FGP $CW FGT 2QTVC 2KC KP 4QO FWTEJ /KEJGNCPIGNQ $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV #PUKEJV FGU 5VCFVVQTGU OO /QFGUVK 444 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT OKV DTCWPGT 2CVKPC

5337

1,5:1

5337

2KWU 8 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG #001 8+ XQP ) $QP\CIPK IGPCPPV (GFGTKEQ 2CTOGPUG CWH FGP 5KGI FGT *GKNKIGP .KIC ÒDGT FCU 1UOCPKUEJG 4GKEJ KP FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK .GRCPVQ CO 'KPICPI FGU )QNHGU XQP 2CVTCU ITKGEJ 0CHRCMVQU $TWUVDKNF N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 5EJKHHG CWH 5GG IGIGP FKG GKP 'PIGN OKV -TGW\ (NQVVG HÒJTV WPF )QVVXCVGT XQP QDGP $NKV\G UEJNGWFGTV OO I /QFGUVK FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 5EJCTHGT XQT\ÒINKEJGT 1TKIKPCNIW 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

149

KIRCHENSTAAT

5338

5339

5340

)TGIQT :+++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #0 + XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU IGHGTVKIV PCEJ GKPGT 8QTNCIG XQP ) $QP\CIPK IGPCPPV (GFGTKEQ 2CTOGPUG CWH FCU /CUUCMGT CP FGP *WIGPQVVGP $TWUVDKNF N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 'PIGN UEJTGKVGV T KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV KP FGT .KPMGP -TGW\ XQT KJO IGVÌVGVG WPF XGTNGV\VG *WIGPQVVGP OO I /QFGUVK FQTV KP $TQP\G (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 5KGJG CWEJ FKG #POGTMWPI \W 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI XGTOWVNKEJ FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU IGHGTVKIV PCEJ GKPGT 8QTNCIG XQP . (TCIPK IGPCPPV .QTGP\Q 2CTOGPUG CWH FKG 4GHQTO FGU ,WNKCPKUEJGP -CNGPFGTU $TWUV DKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 9KFFGTMQRH X X OKV )KTNCPFG DGJCPIGP FCTÒDGT 5VGTP WOJGT &TCEJGP TKPI OO I /QFGUVK .GKEJVG (CUUWPIUURWTGP HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

2CWN 8 $TQP\GOGFCKNNG # +++ XQP ) 4CPEGVVK CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU $QVUEJCHVGTU CWU FGO -QPIQ $TWUVDKNF N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &GT 2CRUV VJTQPV PCEJ T OKV GTJQDGPGT 4GEJVGP CP UGKPGT 5GKVG GKP PCEJ T UKV\GPFGT -CTFKPCN XQT KJO MPKGV FGT $QVUEJCHVGT OO /QFGUVK 44 44 9GKG 6WUEJG\KHHGT CWH FGO 4CPF MN &TWEMUVGNNG UGJT UEJÌP

5342

5341

+PPQEGP\ : $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # *COGTCPK CWH FKG 'TDCWWPI FGU .WUVUEJNQUUGU DGK #P\KQ $TWUVDKNF FGU 'TDCWGTU 8KPEGPVG %QUVCIWVK T #PUKEJV FGU 5EJNQUUGU KP .CPFUEJCHV FCTWPVGT 9CRRGP OO $ÌTPGT 5 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 8KPEGPVG %QUVCIWVK Ó YCT -CTFKPCNFKCMQP FGT JGKNKIGP TÌOKUEJGP -KTEJG

150

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG # 8+ XQP ) /QTQPG CWH FKG ¤HHPWPI FGT *GKNKIGP 2HQTVG CO &G\GODGT $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &KG IGÌHHPGVG *GKNKIG 2HQTVG FCTKP FKG UVTCJNGPFG 6CWDG FGU *GKNKIGP )GKUVGU QDGP /CFQPPC OKV -KPF \W FGP 5GKVGP .QTDGGT\YGKIG OO I /KUGNNK (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

KIRCHENSTAAT

5343

#NGZCPFGT 8++ $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) /QTQ CWH FKG )TWPFUVGKP NGIWPI FGU 2GVGTURNCV\GU CO #WIWUV $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV #PUKEJV FGU 2GVGTURNCV\GU CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG OKV FGO 1DGNKUMGP WPF GKPGO 5RTKPIDTWPPGP WOJGT FKG -QNQPPCFGP KO *KPVGT ITWPF 2GVGTUFQO OO /KUGNNK XCT #VVTCMVKXGT XQT\ÒINKEJGT )W

5344

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG # 8++ WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP ) ( 6TCXCPK CWH FKG 'TYGKVGTWPI FGT -KTEJG 5CPVC /CTKC FGNNG )TC\KG FK )CNNQTQ KP #TKEEKC $TWUVDKNF N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV #PUKEJV FGT -KTEJG OO /KUGNNK *GPMGNURWT XQT\ÒINKEJGT )W

5345

1,5:1

5345

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG # :++ XQP ) /QTQPG CWH *QURKVCN FK 5CPVQ 5RKTKVQ KP 4QO $TWUVDKNF N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV #PUKEJV FGU *QURKVCNU OO I /KUGNNK 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

151

KIRCHENSTAAT

5347 5346

5346

+PPQEGP\ :+ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) *COGTCPK CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 0KLOGIGP $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 7PUEJWNF MPKGV PCEJ N KP .CPFUEJCHV OKV DGKFGP *·PFGP GKP 4CWEJIGH· JCNVGPF WPF DNKEMV \W GKPGO CWH 9QNMGP UKV\GPFGP 'PIGN GORQT FGT KP FGT 4GEJVGP GKPGP 1NKXGP\YGKI J·NV OO I /KUGNNK 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 44 (CUUWPIUURWTGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP ) *COGTCPK CWH UGKP (COKNKGPYCRRGP $TWUV DKNF N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &KG 5[ODQNG UGKPGU (COKNKGPYCRRGPU #FNGT FCTWPVGT .ÌYG N KP GKPGO #DUEJPKVV FGU 6KGTMTGKUGU \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG 5[ODQNG FGT 5VGTP\GKEJGP -TGDU D\Y ,WPIHTCW WPVGP -GNEJ CWH 9QNMGP WOIGDGP XQP UKGDGP 5VGTPGP OO I /KUGNNK /KP (CUUWPIUURWTGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

5348

5349

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG #0 8+++ ,CJTGUCPICDG KO 5VGORGN CWU 8++ IG·PFGTV XQP ) *COGTCPK CWH FKG #NNKCP\ OKV 2QNGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF 8GPGFKI IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 'EENGUKC UVGJV HCUV X X CWH 9QNMGP FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV KP FGT 4GEJVGP -TGW\ KP FGT .KPMGP 5EJNÒUUGN RCCT N 2WVVQ OKV XKGTU·WNKIGO 6GORGNOQFGNN T 2WVVQ OKV 6KCTC OO /KUGNNK 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH UGKPG 5VTGKVKIMGKVGP OKV .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ &GT ICNNKUEJG *CJP NGIV FKG TGEJVG -NCWG CWH GKPGP 5EJNÒUUGN FGT OKV GKPGO YGKVGTGP 5EJNÒUUGN FGT R·RUVNKEJGP 6KCTC WPF GKPGO -TGW\UVCD CWH GKPGO -KUUGP NKGIV CWU FGO 5EJPCDGN FGU *CJPGU MQOOGP FKG 9QTVG 37#/&+7 $'0' 5' )'55'4+6 /GGTGUUVTCPF OKV -CRGNNG FCXQT UEJTGKVGV FGT ICNNKUEJG *CJP T OKV 5VCD FCTCWH (TGKJGKVUJWV QDGP N UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG T 2#2# KP 5VTCJNGP 9QNMGP WPF $NKV\GP OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT FQTV KP 'KUGP /KUGNNK 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 5GKV N·PIGTGT <GKV YCT GKP UEJYGTYKGIGPFGT 5VTGKV \YKUEJGP FGO 2CRUV WPF FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP *QH WO FKG FKRNQOCVKUEJG +OOWPKV·V CWUIGDTQEJGP +P FKGUGO <WUCOOGPJCPI YWTFG FGT /CTSWKU %JCTNGU *GPTK FG .CXCTFKP

Ó PCEJ 4QO GPVUCPFV FGP FGT 2CRUV CDGT PKEJV GORHKPI UQPFGTP GZMQOOWPK\KGTVG <WO )GFGPMGP CP FKGUGP 5VTGKV JCV FGT JQNN·PFKUEJG /GFCKNNGWT ,CP 5OGNV\KPI FGT UKEJ CWH 2T·IWPIGP OKV UCVKTKUEJGO +PJCNV URG\KCNKUKGTV JCVVG FKG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG IGRT·IV

152

KIRCHENSTAAT

5350

+PPQEGP\ :++ 8GTIQNFGVG $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG #0 ++ WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP 2 2 $QTPGT CWH FGP 7ODCW FGU 2CNC\\Q FK 5CP )KQXCPPK KP .CVGTCPQ KP GKP *QURK\ HÒT FKG #TOGP $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV #PUKEJV FGU 2CNC\\QU OO /KUGNNK 8QT\ÒINKEJGT )W YQJN FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU

5351

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG # +++ XQP $GCVTKEG *COGTCPK CWH UGKPG 9QJNV·VKIMGKV IGIGPÒDGT FGP #TOGP WPF FGP -KPFGTP $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV #FNGT UVGJV PCEJ T CWH 5QEMGN KP .CPFUEJCHV WPF VT·PMV FKG 'TFG OKV UGKPGO $NWV WOJGT \CJNTGKEJG 8ÌIGN CO $QFGP WPF KP FGT .WHV OO /KUGNNK 5GJT UEJÌPGT 1TKIKPCNIW

153

KIRCHENSTAAT

5352

1,5:1

5352

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 #TQPFGCWZ CWH FCU *GKNKIG ,CJT WPF FGP $GIKPP FGU PGWGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU 4QOC UKV\V PCEJ T OKV 2CNO\YGKI FGP TGEJVGP #TO CWH GKP /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO $TWUVDKNF FGU 2CRUVGU IGNGIV OKV FGT .KPMGP J·NV UKG GKPGP 5EJNCPIGPTKPI FCTKP FGT $WEJUVCDG % JKPVGT KJT (ÒNN JQTP XQT KJT LCPWUHÌTOKIGT -QRH /GPUEJGPOGPIG XQT FGO 2GVGTUFQO T 1DGNKUM OO I /KUGNNK 44 2TCEJVXQNNG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T +O ,CJTG YWTFG FCU GTUVG *GKNKIG ,CJT FWTEJ $QPKHC\ 8+++ XGTMÒPFGV GU UQNNVG CNNG ,CJTG DGICPIGP YGTFGP FKGUGT <GKVTCWO YWTFG UR·VGT CWH ,CJTG TGFW\KGTV $GK FKGUGO +PVGTXCNN DNKGD GU DKU JGWVG &CU *GKNKIG ,CJT DGIKPPV OKV FGT ¤HHPWPI FGT *GKNKIGP 2HQTVG KP 5V 2GVGT CO #DGPF XQT 9GKJPCEJVGP KPFGO FGT 2CRUV UKG OKV GKPGO IQNFGPGP *COOGT GKPUEJN·IV <GKVINGKEJ ÌHHPGP -CTFKPCNNGICVGP KP FTGK YGKVGTGP 2CVTKCTEJDCUKNKMGP 4QOU FKG *GKNKIGP 2HQTVGP 0CEJ #DNCWH FGU ,CJTGU YGTFGP CNNG 2HQTVGP CO *GKNKIGP #DGPF YKGFGT XGTOCWGTV

5354

5353

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 5 4G[ CWH FKG ¤HHPWPI FGT *GKNKIGP 2HQTVG FWTEJ UGKPGP 5VGNNXGTVTGVGT WPF 8K\GRCRUV 'OOCPWGN 6J¾QFQUG FG NC 6QWT F #WXGTIPG -CTFKPCN FG $QWKNNQP

Ó CO &G\GODGT WPF CWH FCU *GKNKIG ,CJT $TWUVDKNF FGU -CTFKPCNU T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &KG <GTGOQPKG FGT ¤HHPWPI FGT *GKNKIGP 2HQTVG OO /KUGNNK #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'PFG GTNKVV 2CRUV +PPQEGP\ :++ GKPGP 6JTQODQUGCPHCNN FGT KJO FKG \GTGOQPKGNNG ¤HHPWPI FGT *GKNKIGP 2HQTVG WPOÌINKEJ OCEJVG &CU JGKNKIG -QNNGIKWO DGPCPPVG FGP -CTFKPCN XQP $QWKNNQP \WO 8K\GRCRUV FGT FKG ¤HHPWPI CWUHÒJTVG WPF FTGK -CTFKP·NG DGCWHVTCIVG FKG *GKNKIGP 2HQTVGP KP FGP FTGK TÌOKUEJGP 2CVTKCTEJCNDCUKNKMGP \W ÌHHPGP

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 9CJN FGU 2CRUVGU +PPQEGP\ :+++ KO ,CJT HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

154

%NGOGPU :+8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , . 1GZNGKP CWH FKG #WHJGDWPI FGU ,GUWKVGP QTFGPU $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV OKV UGIPGPFGT 4GEJVGP %JTKUVWU OKV FGP #RQUVGNP 2GVTWU WPF 2CWNWU UVGJGP PCEJ T WPF XGTVTGKDGP FTGK ,GUWKVGP OO I 2CVTKIPCPK C (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

KIRCHENSTAAT

5355

2KWU 8++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 6 /GTECPFGVVK CWH FKG 4GPQXKGTWPI FGT #WGPOCWGT FGU -QNQUUGWOU $TWUVDKNF N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV #PUKEJV FGU -QNQUUGWOU OKV )GTÒUV CP FGT NKPMGP 5GKVG OO I $GTVW\\K 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &CU -QNQUUGWO KUV FCU ITÌVG #ORJKVJGCVGT FGT CPVKMGP 9GNV $KU P %JT HCPFGP FQTV )NCFKCVQTGPM·ORHG DKU P %JT 6KGTJGV\GP UVCVV &WTEJ 0CVWTGTGKIPKUUG WPF FKG 8GTYGPFWPI CNU 5VGKPDTWEJ XGTHKGN GU KO .CWHG FGT <GKV +O ,CJTG YGKJVG $GPGFKMV :+8 FKG 5V·VVG FGU /CTV[TKWOU XKGNGT %JTKUVGP WPF UKEJGTVG FGP $CW XQT YGKVGTGT <GTUVÌTWPI 2KWU 8++ GTPCPPVG GKPG -QOOKUUKQP FGT )KWUGRRG 2CNC\\K )KWUGRRG %CORQTGUG WPF 4CHHCGN 5VGTP CPIGJÌTVGP WPF QTFPGVG CP FKG #WGPOCWGT FGT 5ÒFUGKVG FWTEJ GKPG JQJG 5VÒV\YCPF FGO UQI 5RGTQPG XQT FGO <WUCOOGPDTWEJ \W DGYCJTGP

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP $GUWEJ XQP 2KWU 8++ KP 2CTKU HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 0CRQN¾QP WPF 4QO HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5356

2KWU +: 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG # ::+8 XQP + $KCPEJK CWH FGP $GIKPP FGU 8CVKMCPKUEJGP -QP\KNU CO &G\GODGT $TWUVDKNF N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV %JTKUVWU UVGJV HCUV X X OKV GTJQDGPGT 4GEJVGP WPF TGKEJV FGO XQT KJO MPKGPFGP 2GVTWU FKG 5EJNÒUUGN \WO *KOOGN WOJGT HÒPH #RQUVGN OO I $CTVQNQVVK ::+8 5RKPM p 9WT\DCEJ 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

155

KIRCHENSTAAT

5358

5357

2KWU : 8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV /C[GT WPF 9KNJGNO CWH UGKPG 9CJN $TWUVDKNF X X KP <KGTMTGKU WOJGT FKG $ÒUVGP FGT CP FGT 9CJN DGVGKNKIVGP -CTFKP·NG 6KCTC ÒDGT IGMTGW\VGP 5EJNÒUUGNP FCTWPVGT FCU /QPQITCOO FGU 2CRUVGU KO *KPVGTITWPF 2CNO\YGKIG WPF 5VTCJNGP OO I %WUWOCPQ /QFGUVK 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #0 8+ XQP ( $KCPEJK CWH FKG 8GTCDUEJKGFWPI GKPGU &GMTGVU \WT 4GHQTO FGT -WTKG $TWUVDKNF N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 2CRUV VJTQPV X X WOIGDGP XQP 2T·NCVGP WPF UGIPGV FCU -WTKGPFGMTGV CD FCU KJO GKP XQT KJO MPKGPFGT -CTFKPCN ÒDGTTGKEJV OO I %WUWOCPQ /QFGUVK 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI

5359

156

2KWU :+ <KPPOGFCKNNG XQP ' (CT¾ CWH FKG .CVGTCPXGTVT·IG XQO (GDTWCT IGUEJNQUUGP \YKUEJGP FGO *GKNKIGP 5VWJN XGTVTGVGP FWTEJ FGP 2CRUV WPF FGO -ÌPKITGKEJ +VCNKGP XGTVTGVGP FWTEJ $GPKVQ /WUUQNKPK

Ó &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP +VCNKGPU OKV (CUEGU KO TGEJVGP #TO UVGJV PCEJ N WPF UVTGEMV FKG 4GEJVG FGO XQT KJT CWH GKPGO (GNUGP UKV\GPFGP 2GVTWU GPVIGIGP QDGP \YGK 2WVVGP OKV .QTDGGT\YGKI KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGU 2GVGTUFQOU <YGK 2WVVGP JCNVGP GKPG IGÌHHPGVG 5EJTKHVTQNNG OKV UGEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTÒDGT DGHKPFGP UKEJ FKG 9CRRGP FGU -KTEJGPUVCCVU OKV /KVTC WPF FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU OKV -TQPG FC\YKUEJGP -TGW\ WOJGT 8GT\KGTWPIGP OO %WUWOCPQ /QFGUVK FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

LUXEMBURG

5360

.+'%*6'056'+0 &#5 (ª456'067/ .+'%*6'056'+0

*CPU #FCO + #PFTGCU 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU FWTEJ -CKUGT .GQRQNF + CO /·T\ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV *CNUVWEJ WPF WOIGNGIVGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU (GNUGP KP DGYGIVGT 5GG QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT CEJVGEMKIGT 5VGTP FCTÒDGT 5EJTKHVDCPF OO I &KXQ (QTUVGT 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 4CPFHGJNGT (GNFGT NGKEJV IGIN·VVGV UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

5361

.7:'/$74) &#5 )4155*'4<1)67/ .7:'/$74)

%JCTNQVVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , (TKV\ CWH FKG $GHTGKWPI FGU .CPFGU FWTEJ COGTKMCPK UEJG 6TWRRGP -QRH GKPGU 5QNFCVGP N OKV *GNO )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ /KV FGT .CPFWPI FGT GPINKUEJGP WPF 75 6TWRRGP CO ,WPK KP FGT 0QTOCPFKG VTCV FGT <YGKVG 9GNVMTKGI KP UGKPG GPVUEJGKFGPFG 2JCUG /KV FGO 2QTVT·V GKPGU WPDGMCPPVGP 75 5QNFCVGP OKV *GNO IGFCEJVG FCU *GT\QIVWO .WZGODWTI UGKPGT $GHTGKWPI FWTEJ FKG 75 6TWRRGP KO ,CJTG &WTEJ FKG -CRKVWNCVKQP XQP &GWVUEJNCPF YWTFG FGT <YGKVG 9GNVMTKGI CO /CK DGGPFGV &KGUG /GFCKNNG KO TGCNKUVKUEJGP RT·IPCPVGP 5VKN FGU /GFCKNNGWTU , (TKV\ UVGJV KP FKGUGT 5COONWPI U[ODQNKUEJ HÒT FKG 5EJNWRJCUG FGU -TKGIGU

157

NIEDERLANDE

5362

0+'&'4.#0&' /'&#+..'0 &'4 5+'$'0 2418+0<'0 *+5614+'2'00+0)'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 0KGFGTNCIG FGT URCPKUEJGP #TOCFC KO TOGNMCPCN &GT -ÌPKI XQP 5RCPKGP FGT -CKUGT XGTUEJKGFGPG -WTHÒTUVGP FGT 2CRUV WPF YGKVGTG )GKUVNKEJG UKV\GP OKV XGTDWPFGPGP #WIGP KO *CNDMTGKU FGT (WDQFGP KUV OKV UEJCTHGP 5RKV\GP XGTUGJGP &KG WPVGTIGJGPFG URCPKUEJG (NQVVG OO I X .QQP + 5 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5363

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP L·JTKIGP -TKGI *CWU OKV TCWEJGPFGO 5EJQTPUVGKP CWH FGO NKPMGP &CEJ 0GUV OKV 5VQTEJ CWH FCU GKP YGKVGTGT \WIGHNQIGP MQOOV 4ÌOKUEJG )CNGGTG PCEJ FGO 8QTDKNF FGT &GPCTG FGT TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT\GKV OO I X .QQP + 5 4 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5364

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG (TKGFGPUXGTJCPFNWPIGP OKV 5RCPKGP #TIWU OKV *KTVGPUVCD UKV\V PCEJ N WPVGT GKPGO $CWO \W FGP 5GKVGP 5EJCHG WPF -WJ KJO IGIGPÒDGT UKV\V *GTOGU WPF URKGNV (NÌVG )GKUVNKEJG WPF 5QNFCVGP XGTUWEJGP GKP 2TKXKNGI \W GPVHGTPGP FCU CP GKPGT 2CNOG CPIGDTCEJV KUV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 2CZ KP 0WOOKU X .QQP + 5 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

158

NIEDERLANDE

5365

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) X $KLNCGT CWH FGP 5KGI XQP /QTKV\ XQP 1TCPKGP )TCH XQP 0CUUCW 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG TGI DGK 6WTPJQWV ÒDGT FKG 5RCPKGT UQYKG FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT 5V·FVG #NRGP 4JGKPDGTI /QGTU )TQGPNQ $TGXQTV 'PUEJGFG 1NFGP\CCN 1QVOCTUWO WPF .KPIGP 5EJNCEJVU\GPG KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 6WTPJQWV 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT 4KPI KP FGO FKG #PUKEJVGP FGT PGWP GTQDGTVGP 5V·FVG FCTIGUVGNNV UKPF OO I X .QQP + 5 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5366

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) XCP $KLNCGT CWH FKG <GTUVÌTWPI FGT URCPKUEJGP #TOCFC FWTEJ #FOKTCN ,CEQD XCP *GGOUMGTM

Ó KP FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV XQP )KDTCNVCT &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5EJNCEJV KP FGT $WEJV XQP )KDTCNVCT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I X .QQP ++ 5 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 'TDGWVWPI FGT URCPKUEJGP 5KNDGTHNQVVG XQT -WDC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5367

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , XCP .QQHH CWH FKG 5KGIG FGT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP (NQVVG ÒDGT FKG 5RCPKGT KP FGT <YGK 6CIG 5GGUEJNCEJV XQO 5GRVGODGT WPF KP FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV KP FGP &QYPU TOGNMCPCN CO 1MVQDGT &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV OKV \WO 6GKN DTGPPGPFGP D\Y UKPMGPFGP 5EJKHHGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT 9GKPTCPMGP OO I X .QQP ++ 5 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

159

NIEDERLANDE

1,5:1

5368

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH FGP URCPKUEJ PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP (TKGFGP WPF FKG (TGKJGKV FGT UKGDGP PÌTFNKEJGP 2TQXKP\GP FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG +P GKPGO -TCP\ CWU ¤N\YGKIGP VCP\GP UKGDGP MQP\GPVTKUEJ CPIGQTFPGVG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNVGP CP FGP *·PFGP JCNVGP UKG CP $·PFGTP FKG UKGDGP 9CRRGP FGT 2TQXKP\GP FKG OKV GKPGT )KTNCPFG XGTDWPFGPGP UKPF KO <GPVTWO GKP (TGKJGKVUJWV <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP -TCP\ OO I &GVJ 1TF /CW¾ 2CZ KP 0WOOKU X .QQP ++ 5 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP URCPKUEJ PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP (TKGFGP XQP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5369

160

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI XGTOWVNKEJ FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU XQP , 2QQN CWH FGP 6QF FGU JQNN·PFKUEJ YGUVHTKGUKUEJGP #FOKTCNU /CCTVGP *CRGTVU\QQP 6TQOR

Ó CO #WIWUV KP FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK 5EJGXGPKPIGP $TWUVDKNF FGU #FOKTCNU X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF &CTUVGNNWPI UGKPGT NGV\VGP 5GGUEJNCEJV KO 8QTFGTITWPF UKPMGPFGU 5EJKHH OO 'KOGT X .QQP ++ 5 8QT\ÒINKEJ

NIEDERLANDE

5370

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 2QQN CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 9GUVOKPUVGT CO /CK \YKUEJGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP WPF FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP #/#06+8/ +4# #/+%+6 4'&+06')4#6+1 '56 'KPG #WUGKPCPFGT UGV\WPI WPVGT (TGWPFGP GTPGWGTV FKG (TGWPFUEJCHV 0GRVWP OKV FGO 9CRRGPUEJKNF XQO %QOOQPYGCNVJ WPF XQP FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP UKV\V X X KP XGT\KGTVGO /WUEJGNYCIGP FGT XQP \YGK 2HGTFGP CWU FGO /GGT IG\QIGP YKTF \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP 6TKVQP FGT CWH GKPGT /WUEJGN DN·UV KO *KPVGTITWPF UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 'KOGT p *CYMKPU 5 2CZ KP 0WOOKU X .QQP ++ 5 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG +PUEJTKHV FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG NCWVGV 6GT /GOQTKG FGT 8TGFG 7PKG GP %QPHQGFGTCVKG FGP #RTKN UQNGOPGN[EM IGUNQVGP VQV 9GUV /WPUVGT VWUUEJGP \KLP *QQIJG[V FGP *GGT 2TQVGEVGWT XCPFG 4GRW DNKSWG XCP 'PIGNCPV 5EJQV NCPV GP ;TNCPV VGT GGPGT GP FG *QQIJOQIGPFG *GGTGP 5VCVGP )GPGTCGN VGT CPFTG UKLFG FCGT QR YGFGT\[VU 4CVKHKECVKG KP DGJQQTN[MG HQTOG FGP FGT OCGPV /C[ KU WKVIGYKUUGNV GP IGRWDNKEGGTV FGP FGT UGNXGT /CGPV #PPQ +O )GFGPMGP CP FGP (TKGFGP FKG 7PKQP WPF FKG -QPHÌFGTCVKQP HGKGTNKEJ DGUEJNQUUGP KP 9GUVOKPUVGT CO #RTKN \YKUEJGP UGKPGT *QJGKV FGO .QTF 2TQVGMVQT =1NKXGT %TQOYGNN? FGT 4GRWDNKM XQP 'PINCPF 5EJQVVNCPF WPF +TNCPF CWH FGT GKPGP 5GKVG WPF FGP *QJGP *GTTGP FGT )GPGTCNUVCCVGP CWH FGT CPFGTGP 5GKVG FKG 7TMWPFGP YWTFGP CWUIGVCWUEJV CO /CK WPF WPVGT\GKEJPGV CO FGUUGNDGP /QPCVU KO ,CJTG &KG 7OUEJTKHV FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG KUV GKPG #DYCPFNWPI FGU NCVGKPKUEJGP <KVCVU #OCPVKWO KTC COQTKU KPVGITCVKQ GUV

&GT <QTP FGT .KGDGPFGP KUV FKG 9KGFGTJGTUVGNNWPI FGT .KGDG CWU 2WDNKWU 6GTGPVKWU #HGT 6GTGP\ -QOÌFKG #PFTKC &CU /·FEJGP XQP #PFTQU

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH 1NKXGT %TQOYGNN HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP GPINKUEJGP 5GGUKGI ÒDGT FKG 0KGFGTNCPFG XQP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5371

5KNDGTPG *QJNIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 9 /ÒNNGT CWH FGP PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP #FOKTCN %QTPGNKU /CCTVGPU\QQP 6TQOR

Ó WPF UGKPG 6GKNPCJOG CP FGT 6CIG 5GGUEJNCEJV \YKUEJGP FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP WPF 'PINCPF $TWUVDKNF FGU #FOKTCNU HCUV X X QDGP JCNVGP \YGK )GPKGP GKPGP -TCP\ ÒDGT UGKP *CWRV KO *KPVGTITWPF \W FGP 5GKVGP #TOCVWTGP WPVGP 5RTWEJDCPF &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV KO 8QTFGTITWPF UKPMGPFGU 5EJKHH OO I 'KOGT C X .QQP ++ 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJ 161

NIEDERLANDE

5373

5372

5374

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP %JT #FQNRJ\QQP CWH FGP 6QF FGU PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP #FOKTCNU /KEJKGN FG 4W[VGT

Ó CO #RTKN )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FG 4W[VGTU HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 5V /KEJCGNUQTFGPU &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV \YKUEJGP FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP WPF 'PINCPF KO ,CJTG OO 'KOGT FQTV WPVGT X .QQP +++ 5 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG #FOKTCN /KEJCGN #FTKCPU\QQP FG 4W[VGT

8NKUUKPIGP IKPI OKV ,CJTGP CNU 5EJKHHULWPIG \WT 5GG VTCV KP FGP 5VCCVUFKGPUV WPF PCJO CP 5GGUEJNCEJVGP WPF IGHGEJVGP VGKN 'T YCT GKP JGTXQTTCIGPFGT (NQVVGPHÒJTGT +O FTKVVGP GPINKUEJ JQNN·PFKUEJGP -TKGI DGYCJTVG GT FKG 0KGFGTNCPFG XQT FGO 7PVGTICPI 'T UVCTD CO XQT 5[TCMWU CP GKPGT 8GTYWPFWPI 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 0 XCP 5YKPFGTGP CWH FKG #WHTÒUVWPI FGT )GPGTCNUVCCVGP KO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI WPF CWH FGP 9WPUEJ FGP (TKGFGP YKGFGTJGT\WUVGNNGP 2CNNCU UEJTGKVGV X X KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5VCD OKV (TGKJGKVUOÒV\G FKG .KPMG CWH FCU IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGP FGT )GPGTCNUVCCVGP IGNGIV WPF DNKEMV CWH GKPG PCEJ T MPKGPFG )GUVCNV FKG GKP (ÒNNJQTP XQT UKEJ NKGIGP JCV CWU FGO /ÒP\GP HCNNGP WOJGT -TKGIUCVVTKDWVG KO *KPVGTITWPF N 5GIGNUEJKHH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGU CWIG OKV 9CCIUEJCNGP ÒDGT (CUEGUDÒPFGN KP FGP 9CCIUEJCNGP .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI D\Y 5EJYGTV WPVGP IGHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU KP .ÌYGPDKIC OO I 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 8GTX X .QQP (GKPG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ 5VKHVUNQEJ HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ) *QNV\JG[ CWH FGP $GIKPP FGU 0GWGP ,CJTGU WPF FGP (TKGFGP XQP *WDGTVWUDWTI 2CZ UEJYGDV X X KP 9QNMGP KP FGT 4GEJVGP .QTDGGT\YGKI OKV FGT .KPMGP GTITGKHV UKG FGP *WV FGU XQT KJT \YKUEJGP *CPFGNUYCTGP UVGJGPFGP /GTMWT FGT UKEJ CWH GKPGP 9CTGPDCNNGP UVÒV\V N DNCUGP 9KPFMÌRHG GKPGP *CWHGP 9GEJUGN CWUGKPCPFGT /·PPNKEJG )GUVCNV KP TÌOKUEJGT 5GPCVQTGP VTCEJV UVGJV X X CP 5VTCPF KP FGT 4GEJVGP /GTMWTUVCD OKV FGT .KPMGP UVÒV\V UKG UKEJ CWH GKPG 5·WNG KO *KPVGTITWPF /GGT OKV #OUVGTFCOGT WPF *CODWTIGT 5GIGNUEJKHHGP N UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 8GTX X .QQP 2TCEJVGZGORNCT #WUFTWEMUXQNNG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

162

NIEDERLANDE

5375

5376

5377

&+' 56#66*#.6'4 &'4 0¤4&.+%*'0 0+'&'4.#0&'

/QTKV\ XQP 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) X $KLNCGT CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI FGT (GUVWPI 5CKPV #PFT¾ )GNFGTNCPF WPF FGP 5KGI ÒDGT #NDGTV XQP ¤UVGT TGKEJ DGK 0KGWYRQQTV 9GUVHNCPFGTP &GT 5VCVVJCNVGT KP *CTPKUEJ WPF OKV *GNO TGKVGV T KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV WOJGT 5EJNCEJVU\GPG ÒDGT UGKPGO *CWRV UEJYGDV GKP .QTDGGTMTCP\ KO *KPVGTITWPF /GGT OKV 5EJKHHGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU 6QRQITCHKUEJG -CTVG OKV FGT &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 'TQDGTWPI OO I X .QQP + 5 44 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , XCP $[NCGT CWH FKG KP 9GUVKPFKGP WPF XQT FGP -ÒUVGP $TCUKNKGPU WPF 2GTWU GTTWPIGPGP 5KGIG ÒDGT FKG URCPKUEJG (NQVVG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV *CNUMTCWUG WPF WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF WOJGT FKG UKGDGP 9CRRGP FGT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP 2TQXKP\GP )GNFGTP *QNNCPF <GGNCPF 7VTGEJV (TKGUNCPF 9GUVHTKGUNCPF WPF )TQPKPIGP WPF GKP XQP \YGK *·PFGP IGJCNVGPGU 2HGKN DÒPFGN )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP WOIGDGP XQO *QUGPDCPFQTFGP KP XGT\KGTVGT -CTVWUEJG WOJGT .QTDGGT MTCP\ OO I *CYMKPU 5 X .QQP ++ 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT XQP UGJT UEJÌPGT 'TJCNVWPI WPF OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W /QTKV\ XQP 1TCPKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

(TKGFTKEJ *GKPTKEJ XQP 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # XCP FGT 9KNIG CWH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV CWH FGO 5NCCM XQP 8QNMGTCM -CPCN DGK FGT JGWVG XGTGKPKIVGP UÒFJQNN·PFKUEJGP +PUGN )QGTGG 1XGTHNCMMGG WPVGT #FOKTCN ,QJCPP 'XGTVUGP

Ó IGIGP FKG 5RCPKGT &GT 5VCVVJCNVGT KP *CTPKUEJ TGKVGV T OKV -QOOCPFQUVCD QDGP 'PIGN OKV \YGK 2CNO\YGKIGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV \YKUEJGP FGP 1TVGP 6QPIG 2JKNKRUNCPF 8QUUG OGGT WPF 0KGWY 8QUUGOGGT CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG OO I X .QQP ++ 5 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

'KP /GFCKNNQP CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV )T·HKP #OCNKG XQP 5QNOU $TCWPHGNU HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T /GFCKNNGP XQP CWH UGKPG 'KPPCJOG XQP 9GUGN WPF U *GTVQIGPDQUEJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 163

NIEDERLANDE

5378 5380

5379

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP # 8GTDGGM CWH UGKPGP 5KGI ÒDGT FKG URCPKUEJG (NQVVG CWH FGT 5EJGNFG KP <GGNCPF )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV OO I X .QQP ++ 5 44 -N -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP /CCUVTKEJV $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X KP /GFCKNNQP QDGP 4QUGVVG WOJGT \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 6QRQITCHKUEJG -CTVG XQP /CCUVTKEJV OKV FGO 'KPOCTUEJ FGT #TOGG WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFQ FGT (GNFJGTTGP )QP\CNQ (GTP±PFG\ FG %ÉTFQDC

Ó WPF )QVVHTKGF *GKPTKEJ )TCH \W 2CRRGPJGKO

Ó OO I X .QQP ++ 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

9KNJGNO ++ XQP 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH FGP IGRNCPVGP #PITKHH CWH #OUVGTFCO WPF UGKPGP 6QF CO 0QXGODGT 4Q URTKPIV N KO *KPVGT ITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP #OUVGTFCO T 5QPPGPIGUKEJV QDGP JCNVGP \YGK .ÌYGP FCU IGMTÌPVG 5VCFV YCRRGP #WH GKPGO 9QNMGPDCPF 2JCGVQPU 5VWT\ CWU FGO 5QPPGPYCIGP WPVGP 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP FGP *CCI OKV FGT CWU FGT 5VCFV JGTCWUHÒJTGPFGP $GIT·DPKURTQ\GUUKQP OO I /CW¾ X .QQP ++ 5 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG #PGTMGPPWPI FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG KO 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP XQP HÒJTVG \WO #WHUVKGI \W GKPGT FGT HÒJTGPFGP *CPFGNU WPF 5GGO·EJVG KP 'WTQRC FKG KPUDGUQPFGTG FWTEJ FKG #MVKXKV·VGP FGT 8GTGKPKIVGP 1UVKPFKUEJGP WPF FGT 9GUVKPFKUEJGP %QORCPKG CWEJ YGNVYGKV $GFGWVWPI GTNCPIVG 6T·IGT FGT 9KTVUEJCHVUOCEJV YCT XQT CNNGO FCU #OUVGTFCOGT 4GIGPVGPRCVTK\KCV &KG CWUIGURTQEJGP UVCTMG 5VGNNWPI FGT 4GIGPVGP HÒJTVG \W GKPGO UEJCTHGP -QPHNKMV OKV FGT 5VCVVJCNVGTUEJCHV FKG UKEJ YKGFGTWO CWH FGP #FGN WPF FKG $GXÌNMGTWPI FGT .CPFRTQXKP\GP UVÒV\VG *ÌJGRWPMV FKGUGT #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP YCT FKG $GNCIGTWPI #OUVGTFCOU FWTEJ 5VCVVJCNVGT 9KNJGNO ++ FKG CO ,WNK DGICPP WPF DGTGKVU CO #WIWUV CDIGDTQEJGP YGTFGP OWVG &GT -QPHNKMV YWTFG FWTEJ FGP RNÌV\NKEJGP 6QF 9KNJGNOU ++ CP FGP 2QEMGP CO 0QXGODGT DGGPFGV &KG HÒJTGPFGP XKGT FGT UKGDGP 2TQXKP\GP *QNNCPF <GGNCPF 7VTGEJV WPF 1XGTKLUUGN DGUEJNQUUGP KO ,CPWCT MGKPGP PGWGP 5VCVVJCNVGT \W DGPGPPGP +O #WIWUV UVKOOVGP CWEJ FKG FTGK ÒDTKIGP 2TQXKP\GP )TQPKPIGP (TKGUNCPF WPF )GNFGTNCPF FKGUGT ªDGTGKPMWPHV FGT UQIGPCPPVGP )TQVGP 8GTICFGTKPI \W 5KGJG CWEJ 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG *QEJ\GKV 9KNJGNOU ++ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 164

NIEDERLANDE

5381

9KNJGNO +++ XQP 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG -ÌPKI XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH FCU (GWGTYGTM KP &GP *CCI DGK UGKPGO 'KP\WI 1TCPIGPDCWO OKV XKGT <GRVGTP KP FGT $CWOMTQPG UQYKG .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI PGDGP FGO 5VCOO UVGJV CWH GKPGO 2QFGUV CP FGUUGP 8QTFGTUGKVG GKPG #DDKNFWPI FGU (GWGTYGTMU \W UGJGP KUV FCTÒDGT \YGK -T·P\G KP FGPGP UGKPG .CPFWPI CP FGT JQNN·PFKUEJGP -ÒUVG D\Y UGKP 'KP\WI FCTIGUVGNNV KUV QDGP $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ KP 5EJNCPIGPTKPI &TGK 6TKWORJDÌIGP FC\YKUEJGP <YGKIG GKPGU 1TCPIGPDCWOGU \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG 9CRRGP XQP *QNNCPF WPF U )TCCXGPJCCIG OO I X .QQP +++ 5 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ FGO 'KPHCNN XQP .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ KP FKG 0KGFGTNCPFG YWTFG FGT 4GRWDNKMCPGT ,QJCP FG 9KVV IGUVÒT\V WPF 9KNJGNO +++ \WO 5VCVVJCNVGT DGTWHGP &G 9KVV YWTFG MWT\ FCTCWH OKV UGKPGO $TWFGT GTOQTFGV 5KGJG 0T

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 9KNJGNO +++ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5382 1,5:1

1,5:1

9KNJGNO +8 (TKUQ XQP 1TCPKGP )GPGTCNUVCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / *QNV\JG[ CWH UGKPG )GPGUWPI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5CNWU UVGJV X X KP FGT .KPMGP 5VCD OKV FGT 4GEJVGP QRHGTV UKG CP #NVCT WO FGP UKEJ GKPG 5EJNCPIG YKPFGV OO I 5NI $TGVVCWGT 8GTX X .QQP 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5383

1,5:1

5383

9KNJGNO 8 XQP 1TCPKGP )GPGTCNUVCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ) *QNV\JG[ CWH UGKPG #WHPCJOG KP FGP *QUGPDCPFQTFGP KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP $TWUVDKNF FGU LWPIGP 2TKP\GP T OKV (GFGTJWV WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN FKG .KPMG CO 5EJYGTVITKHH #PUKEJV FGU *QUGP DCPFQTFGPU OO I 8GTX X .QQP 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

165

NIEDERLANDE

5384

&+' 56#66*#.6'4 &'4 52#0+5%*'0 5ª&.+%*'0 0+'&'4.#0&'

'OCPWGN 2JKNKDGTV *GT\QI XQP 5CXQ[GP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 5RCPKUEJGP UÒFNKEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG ņ 8GTIQNFGVG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , ,QPIJGNKPEM CWH FGP PKGFGTN·PFK UEJGP ,WTKUVGP WPF $QVUEJCHVGT -CTNU 8 8KINKWU <WKEJGOWU 8KIKNKWU #[VC XQP <WKEJGO Ó $TWUVDKNF XQP <WKEJGOWU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #NVCT FCTCWH 5CPFWJT DTGPPGPFG -GT\G WPF CWHIGUEJNCIGPGU $WEJ WPVGP -CTVWUEJG OKV FGT ITCXKGTVGP ,CJTGU\CJN OO I 'JTGPF C X .QQP + 5 XCT FQTV WPVGT 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8GTIQNFGVGT XQT\ÒINKEJGT 1TIKPCNIW XQP HGKPGT 3WCNKV·V 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI 0WOKUOCVKE 1DLGEVU QH 8KTVWG #WMVKQP 7$5 #) <ÒTKEJ 0T

5385 1,5:1

1,5:1

/CTICTGVG *GT\QIKP XQP 2CTOC 5VCVVJCNVGTKP FGT 5RCPKUEJGP UÒFNKEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG -NGKPG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG Q , WO WPUKIPKGTV XQP , ,QPIJGNKPEM CWH FGP PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP ,WTKUVGP WPF $QVUEJCHVGT -CTNU 8 8KINKWU <WKEJGOWU 8KIKNKWU #[VC XQP <WKEJGO Ó $TWUVDKNF XQP <WKEJGOWU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #NVCT FCTCWH 5CPFWJT DTGPPGPFG -GT\G WPF CWHIGUEJNCIGPGU $WEJ WPVGP NGGTG -CTVWUEJG OO I 'JTGPF # C X .QQP + 5 XCT FQTV WPVGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGT 1TKIKPCNIW XQP HGKPGT 3WCNKV·V 8KINKWU <WKEJGOWU YCT CD #UUGUUQT CO MCKUGTNKEJGP 4GKEJUMCOOGTIGTKEJV KP 5RG[GT

5386

166

1,5:1

5386

(GTPCPFQ NXCTG\ FG 6QNGFQ *GT\QI XQP #NDC 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 5RCPKUEJGP UÒFNKEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP WOJGT FKG -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU DGUVGEMV OKV PGWP (CJPGP \W FGP 5GKVGP FGT -TQPG FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN OO I X .QQP p 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV )GRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCN #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC

NIEDERLANDE

5387

#NGUUCPFTQ (CTPGUG *GT\QI XQP 2CTOC WPF 2KCEGP\C 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 5RCPKUEJGP UÒFNKEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG ņ 6TCIDCTG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , ,QPIJGNKPEM CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI FGT 5VCFV #PVYGTRGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #NGUUCPFTQ (CTPGUG UKV\V PCEJ T KP <GNV WPF XGTUWEJV FGP XQT KJO VCP\GPFGP 5CV[T GKP\WHCPIGP FCTWPVGT )TCXWT SATU4OS KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGT DGNCIGTVGP 5VCFV #PVYGTRGP OKV 5EJKHHUDTÒEMG FKG FKG 'KPHCJTV FGT 5EJGNFG XGTURGTTV OO I X .QQP + 5 XCT 44 1TKIKPCNIW UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

5388 1,5:1

5388

#NDTGEJV 8++ 'T\JGT\QI XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 5RCPKUEJGP UÒFNKEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG XQP , FG /QPVHQTV $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV (NCOOGPFGT #NVCT CP FGO 5EJKNF WPF -GWNG NGJPGP QDGP N 5QPPG T /QPF OO I X .QQP + 5 1TKIKPCNIW 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 9GUVH·NKUEJG #WMVKQPUIGUGNNUEJCHV &QTVOWPF 0T

5389

1,5:1

5389

+UCDGNNC %NCTC 'WIGPKC +PHCPVKP XQP 5RCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGTKP FGT 5RCPKUEJGP UÒFNKEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP & 9CVGTNQQU $TWUVDKNF T OKV 9KVYGPUEJNGKGT )GHNÒIGNVG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV #FNGTH·PIGP N OKV FGT 4GEJVGP 2QUCWPG DNCUGPF CWU FGT GKP 5EJTKHV DCPF MQOOV KP FGT .KPMGP J·NV UKG GKPG YGKVGTG 2QUCWPG WOJGT XKGT 9KPFMÌRHG KP 9QNMGP OO I X .QQP ++ 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGT 1TKIKPCNIW OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 167

NIEDERLANDE

5390

5391

5392

5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP # 9CVGTNQQU CWH FGP 2T·UKFGPVGP FGU )GJGKOGP 4CVGU KP $TÒUUGN 'PIGNDGTV /CGU

Ó $TWUVDKNF XQP /CGU JCNDT OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UVGJV HCUV X X OKV FGT 4GEJVGP J·NV UKG GKPGP .ÌYGP CP GKPGT -GVVG OKV FGT .KPMGP GKP .COO CP GKPGO $CPF OO I X .QQP ++ 5 <GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGT )W FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU *GPMGNURWT (GNFGT RQNKGTV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , FG /QPVHQTV CWH KJTGP 6QF $TWUVDKNF T OKV 9KVYGP UEJNGKGT &KG TÌOKUEJG -CKUGTKP (CWUVKPC UKV\V PCEJ N CWH )NQDWU KP 9QNMGP FCTCWH FKG 6KGTMTGKU\GKEJGP -TGDU WPF .ÌYG N 2HCW OO I X .QQP ++ 5 <GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGT )W FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU (GNFGT NGKEJV RQNKGTV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

&+' 52#0+5%*'0 5ª&.+%*'0 0+'&'4.#0&' +/ 52#0+5%*'0 '4$(1.)'-4+')

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG 5KGIG ÒDGT .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPM TGKEJ FWTEJ FKG #NNKKGTVGP KP $TCDCPV /CTU .QWKU :+8 YKTF XQP /KPGTXC #PPG \W $QFGP IGYQT HGP 8KMVQTKC UEJTGKVGV N KP FGT 4GEJVGP 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT GTJQDGPGP .KPMGP /CWGTMTQPG N 9CHHGP VTQRJ·G OKV 5EJKNF FCTCWH XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPG 5EJKNFG OKV DGNIKUEJGP 5VCFVPCOGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 'KOGT (QTUVGT X .QQP +8 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &GT 9CRRGPMTCP\ CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG \GKIV FKG 5EJKNFG OKV FGP NCVGKPKUEJGP 0COGP FGT GTQDGTVGP 5V·FVG $TÒUUGN /GEJGNGP .KGT #PVYGTRGP 8GWTPG #CNUV #CVJ #WFGPCTFG $TÒIIG )GPV &COOG .QWXCKP

5393

168

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJ DGUGV\VGP 5VCFV )GPV FWTEJ FKG CNNKKGTVGP 6TWRRGP WPVGT FGT (ÒJTWPI XQP ,QJP %JWTEJKNN *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ

Ó CO &G\GODGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP )GPV CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG &GT *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ UKV\V PCEJ T CWH 4Q XQT KJO MPKGV FGT )QWXGTPGWT XQP )GPV %QOVG FG NC /QVVG DGINGKVGV XQP \YGK 5QNFCVGP WPF ÒDGTTGKEJV KJO GKPGP CWH GKPGO -KUUGP NKGIGPFGP *CPFUEJWJ KO *KPVGTITWPF 6TWRRGP /KV 4CPF UEJTKHV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ X .QQP +8 5 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

NIEDERLANDE

5394

&+' 56#&6 #/56'4&#/

)TCXKGTVG UKNDGTPG *QJNIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG INÒEMNKEJ ÒDGTUVCPFGPG $GNCIGTWPI FGT 5VCFV 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP #OUVGTFCO KO 8QTFGTITWPF FKG DGYCHHPGVGP $ÒTIGT KP \CJNTGKEJGP 5EJKHHGP WPF $QQVGP QDGP GKPG CWU 9QNMGP WPF 5VTCJNGP MQOOGPFG *CPF OKV *GT\ FCTÒDGT FCU IGMTÌPVG 5VCFV YCRRGP CWH 5EJTKHVDCPF &TGK <GKNGP ITCXKGTVG 5EJTKHV WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGDGP XQP GKPGO ITCXKGTVGP 5EJTKHVMTGKU OO I X .QQP XIN ++ 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌPGT )W 5KGJG FKG #POGTMWPI \W 0T

5395

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) 2QQNN CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGU PGWGP 4CVJCWUGU #PUKEJV FGU PGWGP 4CV JCWUGU OKV FGT PGWGP -KTEJG FCXQT /GPUEJGPOGPIG QDGP UEJYGDGPFGT *GTOGU OKV /GTMWTUVCD WPF (TGKJGKVUJWV KO 8QTFGTITWPF UKV\V #ORJKQP CWH FGP 6TÒOOGTP FGU CNVGP 4CVJCWUGU CWH GKPGO 5VGKP FKG 0COGP FGT $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT WPF 5EJCV\OGKUVGT QDGP JCNVGP \YGK .ÌYGP FCU IGMTÌPVG 5VCFVYCRRGP &CU 5EJKHH #TIQ CWU FGT ITKGEJKUEJGP /[VJQNQIKG CNU )CNGGTG FCTIGUVGNNV KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP #OUVGTFCO OKV *CHGP OO I X .QQP ++ 5 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 169

NIEDERLANDE

5396

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ( .WVOC CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP $TGFC CO ,WNK \YKUEJGP FGP 0KGFGT NCPFGP WPF )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG .ÌYG T CWH #TOCVWTGP KO *KPVGTITWPF -TKGIUHNQVVG CWH 5GG <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTÒDGT FCU 5VCFVYCRRGP OO I *CYMKPU 5 0T 2CZ KP 0WOOKU X .QQP ++ 5 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC 6WUEJG\KHHGT CWH FGO 4CPF OKP DGTKGDGP MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 5KGJG FKG #POGTMWPI \W 0T &KG 7OUEJTKHV FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG GPVJ·NV FCU 2T·IGLCJT CNU %JTQPQITCOO 5+% (+0'5 0156415 .')'5 686#/84 '6 80&#5 9KT XGTVGKFKIGP WPUGTG )TGP\GP WPUGTG 4GEJVG WPF WPUGT /GGT &KG +PUEJTKHV FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG NCWVGV &'1 #852+%' #55'46+5 010 /+014' #0+/1 38#/ 58%'558 #8+6+5 2#64+ .')+$85 #&8'4575 64'5 216'06+55+/15 *+52#0+#48/ 4')'5 %1#%6+5 &'+0&' 5'/'. +6'48/3 %1064# 8+%+015 $4+6#0015 #4/# 58/'4' $#6#8+5 2156 2#%'/ ')4')+# 8+4686' $'..1 2#46#/ #638' 4'&8%6# )'0'4+5 *8/#0+ %1//'4%+# %1058.'5 5'0#68538' #/56'.1&#/'05+5 /108/'068/ *1% / & % .:8++ ( % /KV )QVVGU $GKUVCPF YWTFGP FKG CNVGP 4GEJVG FGU .CPFGU XGTVGKFKIV UQYQJN OKV /WV CNU CWEJ OKV 'THQNI IGIGP FKG FTGK O·EJVKIUVGP -ÌPKIG 5RCPKGPU FKG 0KGFGTN·PFGT YWTFGP \YGKOCN FC\W IG\YWPIGP FKG 9CHHGP IGIGP KJTG 0CEJDCTP FKG $TKVGP \W GTJGDGP PCEJFGO GKP (TKGFGP IGUEJNQUUGP WPF FGT *CPFGN FGT 0CVKQPGP YKGFGTJGTIGUVGNNV YQTFGP KUV QTFPGVGP FGT 4CV WPF FGT 5GPCV XQP #OUVGTFCO FKG 2T·IWPI FKGUGT /GFCKNNG CP /KV FGP FTGK O·EJVKIUVGP -ÌPKIGP 5RCPKGPU UKPF 2JKNKRR ++ 2JKNKRR +++ WPF 2JKNKRR +8 IGOGKPV

5397

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 4GIGPUDWTIGT 5VKNNUVCPF 5VCFVIÌVVKP XQP #OUVGTFCO OKV (TGK JGKVUUVCD KP FGT 4GEJVGP UVGJV X X \YKUEJGP \YGK #NV·TGP KO *KPVGTITWPF *CPFGNUUEJKHHG CWH 5GG &KG CNU TÌOKUEJG -TKGIGT FCTIGUVGNNVGP .·PFGT (TCPMTGKEJ WPF 5RCPKGP UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT KP FGT /KVVG )NQDWU FCTWPVGT 4GKEJUCFNGT OO I 2CZ KP 0WOOKU X .QQP +++ 5 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ JCVVG UKEJ UGKV IGYCNVUCO 5V·FVG WPF &ÌTHGT KO 'NUC WPF KP .QVJTKPIGP CPIGGKIPGV FKG XQP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5QPFGTIGTKEJVUJÌHGP FGP UQIGPCPPVGP 4¾WPKQPUMCOOGTP CWHITWPF \YGKHGNJCHVGT JKUVQTKUEJGT #PURTÒEJG FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TQPG \WIGURTQEJGP YWTFGP &KGUG UQIGPCPPVGP 4¾WPKQPGP YWTFGP XQP -CKUGT WPF 4GKEJ KO 4GIGPUDWTIGT 5VKNNUVCPF CWH ,CJTG CPGTMCPPV

170

NIEDERLANDE

5398

5399

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 #TQPFGCWZ CWH FKG $GKNGIWPI FGT 7PTWJGP KP FGT 5VCFV 0GRVWP OKV &TGK \CEM KP FGT .KPMGP UVGJV PCEJ T KP GKPGO XQP \YGK 2HGTFGP IG\QIGPGP 9CIGP CWH DGYGIVGT 5GG CO *GEM FGU 9CIGPU KUV FCU IGMTÌPVG 5VCFVYCRRGP CPIGDTCEJV QDGP \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP 9KPFMQRH KP 9QNMGP <YGK 5GGXÌIGN KP GKPGO CWH TWJKIGT 5GG UEJYKOOGPFGP 0GUV CO *QTK\QPV CWHIGJGPFG 5QPPG QDGP 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV UGEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I -2- p \W HH X .QQP p

\W +8 5 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

&+' 56#&6 $'4)'0 12 <11/

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , XCP .QQHH CWH FGP 'PVUCV\ XQP $GTIGP QR <QQO WPF FGP 5KGI ÒDGT FKG URCPKUEJG (NQVVG KO /ÒPFWPIUIGDKGV FGT 5EJGNFG #WH 9GUVGP CWUIGTKEJVGVG -CTVGPCPUKEJV FGU XQP $GTIGP QR <QQO DKU )QGU TGKEJGPFGP /ÒPFWPIUIGDKGVU FGT 5EJGNFG OKV \CJNTGKEJGP 5EJKHHGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPVGP IGMTÌPVGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF FGT 2TQXKP\ <GGNCPF OO I -2- X .QQP ++ 5 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5400

&+' 56#&6 $4'&#

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 2QQN CWH FGP WPVGT UEJYGFKUEJGT 8GTOKVVNWPI \WUVCPFGIGMQOOGPGP (TKGFGP XQP $TGFC \YKUEJGP FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP WPF )TQDTKVCPPKGP UQYKG (TCPMTGKEJ WPF &·PGOCTM XQO ,WNK WPF FKG 8GTMÒPFWPI FGU (TKGFGPU KP FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP CO 5GRVGODGT 0GRVWP OKV &TGK\CEM KP FGT 4GEJVGP UVGJV PCEJ N KP GKPGO XQP XKGT 2HGTFGP IG\QIGPGP 9CIGP CWH DGYGIVGT 5GG KO *KPVGTITWPF \CJNTGKEJG 5EJKHHG KO 5GGIGHGEJV 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP $TGFC FCTÒDGT JCNVGP \YGK 'PIGN FKG 9CRRGP XQP (TCPMTGKEJ )TQDTKVCPPKGP 5EJYGFGP &·PGOCTM WPF FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 2CZ KP 0WOOKU X .QQP ++ 5 44 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI FGT (TGKJGTTGP $QPFG 'TKEUDGTI 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 0QTFNKPF 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT (TKGFG XQP $TGFC XQO ,WNK DGGPFGVG FGP \YGKVGP 'PINKUEJ 0KGFGTN·PFKUEJGP 5GGMTKGI FGT CWEJ FWTEJ FKG 5EJCWMGNRQNKVKM FGU HCMVKUEJGP JQNN·PFKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPIUEJGHU ,QJCP FG 9KVV (ÒJTGT FGT TGRWDNKMCPKUEJ UV·PFKUEJGP 4GIGPVGPRCTVGK \YKUEJGP 'PINCPF WPF (TCPMTGKEJ GPV\ÒPFGV YWTFG $GKFG 2CTVGKGP XGT\KEJVGVGP KO (TKGFGPUUEJNW CWH FKG IGOCEJVGP 'TQDGTWPIGP WPF 'PINCPF GTNGKEJVGTVG FGP 0KGFGTN·PFGTP FKG .KGHGTWPI XQP OGKUV FGWVUEJGP 9CTGP CWH FKG DTKVKUEJG +PUGN &CFWTEJ WPF FWTEJ FGP 4ÒEM\WI FGT 0KGFGTN·PFGT CWU 0QTFCOGTKMC UQYKG FGT 'PIN·PFGT CWU 5WTKPCO WPF +PFQPGUKGP VTCV GKPG GEJVG 'PVURCPPWPI GKP FKG FGP IGOGKPUCOGP -CORH IGIGP FGP 'ZRCPUKQPUFTCPI FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5QPPGPMÌPKIU .QWKU :+8 GTOÌINKEJVG 171

NIEDERLANDE

5402

5401

5403

&+' 56 &6' &'8'06'4 %#/2'0 70& <91..'

)GOGKPUEJCHVNKEJ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'KPVTCEJV \YKUEJGP FGP 5V·FVGP &GXGPVGT %CORGP WPF <YQNNG PCEJ FGT $GUGV\WPI XQP %QGXQTFGP WPF *CUUGNV %CUVQT WPF 2QNNWZ WOCTOGP GKPCPFGT KO *KPVGTITWPF (NW OKV 5EJKHHGP WPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV QDGP 5VGTPG 9QNMGP WPF 4GIGP &TGK *WPFG KP .CPFUEJCHV HCNNGP GKPGP +IGN CP WPVGP FGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF FGT 2TQXKP\ 1XGTKLUUGN OO I -2- 2CZ KP 0WOOKU X .QQP p 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W FGP FTGK 5V·FVGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

&+' 56#&6 &14&4'%*6

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 9 XCP $KLNCGT CWH FKG 5[PQFG KP &QTFTGEJV +PPGPCPUKEJV FGU OKV )GUCPFVGP DGUGV\VGP 8GTJCPFNWPIUUCCNGU #PUKEJV FGU $GTIGU <KQP FGT XQP XKGT 9KPFMÌRHGP DGUVÒTOV YKTF CWH FGO )KRHGN 4WPFVGORGN FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU OO I X .QQP ++ 5 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG 5[PQFG XQP &QTFTGEJV YCT GKPG MKTEJNKEJG 8GTUCOONWPI FGT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP TGHQTOKGTVGP -KTEJG FKG XQO 0QXGODGT DKU \WO /CK UVCVVHCPF #WEJ CWU FGP OGKUVGP CPFGTGP TGHQTOKGTVGP .·PFGTP \ $ 'PINCPF &GWVUEJNCPF 5EJYGK\ TGKUVGP 6JGQNQIGP CP WO CP FGT 4GNKIKQPUMQPHGTGP\ VGKN\WPGJOGP 0CEJ JGHVKIGP -QPVTQ XGTUGP YWTFGP CNU 'TIGDPKU FGU -QPITGUUGU FKG &QTFTGEJVGT .GJTU·V\G \WO 6JGOC 8QTDGUVKOOWPI XGTCDUEJKGFGV FKG JGWVG 6GKN FGU $GMGPPVPKUUGU FGT TGHQTOKGTVGP -KTEJGP UKPF

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 9KLPVIGU CWH FKG 5[PQFG KP &QTFTGEJV 'KPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF J·NV GKPG 6TCWDG ÒDGT GKPG 6TCWDGPRTGUUG KO *KPVGTITWPF T 9GKPUVQEM QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU .ÌYG NKGIV PCEJ N XQT GKPGT *ÌJNG XQT KJO NKGIGP FKG )GDGKPG GKPGU 6KGTGU KO 8QTFGTITWPF (WEJU T OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT p X .QQP ++ 5 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

172

NIEDERLANDE

5404

&+' 56#&6 )17&#

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , &TCRRGPVKGT CWH FGP CO /CK DGIQPPGPGP (TKGFGPUMQPITG KP 4KLUYKLM IGUVKHVGV XQP FGT 5VCFV )QWFC 9KNJGNO +++ CNU *GTMWNGU UVGJV PCEJ T OKV -GWNG FGP (W CWH FKG CO $QFGP NKGIGPFG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG <YKGVTCEJV IGUVGNNV WPF GPV\ÒPFGV OKV GKPGT (CEMGN GKPGP #NVCT OKV -TKGIU VTQRJ·GP QDGP DGHKPFGV UKEJ FCU XQP \YGK .ÌYGP IGJCNVGPG IGMTÌPVG 5VCFVYCRRGP XQP )QWFC 2CZ OKV <YGKI WPF *CTHG VJTQPV X X CWH GKPGO 5QEMGN N FCXQT NCIGTP 2CP WPF 6[EJG )QWFC T 0GRVWP

)QWYG WPF /GTMWT KO *KPVGTITWPF T /GGT OKV 5EJKHHGP N FCU 5EJNQ 4KLUYKLM OO I *CYMKPU 5 0T 2CZ KP 0WOOKU XCT FQTV KP <KPP X .QQP +8 5 XCT OKV XGT·PFGTVGT &CTUVGNNWPI WPF QJPG /GFCKNNGWTUUKIPCVWT 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 8IN FGP -QOOGPVCT DGK *CYMKPU 5 6JG N[TG KP VJG JCPFU QH 2GCEG KU GODNGOCVKECN QH JCTOQP[ VJG HKIWTGU CV VJG DCUG CTG U[ODQNKECN QH )QWFC VJG )GPKWU QH VJG EKV[ $CEEJWU KPFKECVKPI #ITKEWNVWTG 0GRVWPG %QOOGTEG /GTEWT[ 6TCFG #ITKEWNVWTG CPF %QOOGTEG CTG CNUQ CNNWFGF VQ D[ VJG UJKRU CPF VJG RNQWIJ &GT (TKGFG XQP 4KLUYKLM XQO 5GRVGODGT DGGPFGVG FGP 2H·N\KUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI FGT ICP\ 'WTQRC KP /KVNGKFGPUEJCHV IG\QIGP JCVVG .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ UEJNQ (TKGFGP OKV )TQDTKVCPPKGP FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP 5RCPKGP UQYKG OKV FGO -CKUGT WPF FGO 4GKEJ

5405

&+' 56#&6 )410+0)'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG IGHGTVKIV XQP , ) $TGWGT CWH FGP 1DGTUV WPF )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV %CTN XQP 4CDGPJCWRV

Ó WPF UGKPG UKGITGKEJG 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT FWTEJ FGP /ÒPUVGTCPGT $KUEJQH %JTKUVQRJ $GTPJCTF XQP )CNGP DGNCIGTVGP 5VCFV )TQPKPIGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF 4CDGPJCWRVU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 6TQRJ·G CP GKPGO 2CNOGPUVCOO KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGT DGNCIGTVGP 5VCFV OO I X .QQP +++ 5 9GKNGT 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T %CTN XQP 4CDGPJCWRV $CTQP XQP 5WEJC

9KPFGEM Ó %QGXQTFGP YCT JGUUKUEJ MCUUGNUEJGT 1DGTUV 'T YWTFG )GPGTCNYCEJVOGKUVGT WPF 1DGTMQOOCPFKGTGPFGT FGT IGUCOVGP .CPFOKNK\ 'T YWTFG FCPP \WT 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT (GUVWPI )TQPKPIGP KP PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG &KGPUVG XGTRHNKEJVGV WPF YCT FGT DGHGJNJCDGPFG )GPGTCN Y·JTGPF FGT $GNCIGTWPI FWTEJ FKG MÌNPKUEJ OÒPUVGTUEJGP 6TWRRGP &KG 5VCFV %QGXQTFGP GTPCPPVG KJP \WO )GPGTCN PCEJFGO GT FKG 5VCFV UKGITGKEJ IGIGP FKG 6TWRRGP XGTVGKFKIV JCVVG

173

NIEDERLANDE

5406

&+' 56#&6 *##4.'/

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ) *QNV\JG[ CWH FGP -QPITG \WT 5CPKGTWPI FGU 0KGFGTN·PFKUEJGP (KPCP\ YGUGPU WPVGT FGT .GKVWPI FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP WPF *CCTNGOGT $ÒTIGTOGKUVGTU %QTPGNKWU #UECPKWU XCP 5[RGUVG[P 2NGPWO KO 8GTUCOONWPIUUCCN 5RKGNGPFG -KPFGT OKV )GH·GP IKGGP GKPG LWPIG .QTDGGT RHNCP\G KO *KPVGTITWPF N .GDGPUDCWO OO I 8GTX X .QQP *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5407

&+' 56#&6 5 *'461)'0$15%*

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , XCP .QQHH CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT 5VCFV FWTEJ (TKGFTKEJ *GKPTKEJ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG TGI WPF FKG 8GTVTGKDWPI FGT 5RCPKGT &GT IGMTÌPVG PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG .ÌYG OKV 5EJYGTV WPF 2HGKNDÒPFGN UEJTGKVGV N WOJGT $·WOG WPF XGTUEJKGFGPG 6KGTG <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT -TCP\ OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT FQTV KP $TQP\G X .QQP ++ 5 -N 4CPFHGJNGT CVVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5408

1,5:1

5408

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'KPPCJOG FGT 5VCFV FWTEJ (TKGFTKEJ *GKPTKEJ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG TGI WPF FKG 8GTVTGKDWPI FGT 5RCPKGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV &KG IGMTÌPVGP 9CRRGP XQP *QNNCPF WPF 1XGTKLUUGN FCTÒDGT 5EJNCPIGPTKPI OKV 2CNO WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI DGUVGEMV WPVGP FCU IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGP XQP U *GTVQIGPDQUEJ XQP \YGK YKNFGP /·PPGTP IGJCNVGP OO I 8GTX X .QQP 4 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

/GFCKNNGP CWH FKG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI XQP 5 *GTVQIGPDQUEJ FWTEJ FKG 0KGFGTN·PFGT HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 174

NIEDERLANDE

1,5:1

5409

&+' 2418+0< *1..#0&

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 6QF FGU PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP 2QNKVKMGTU ,QJCP XCP 1NFGP DCTPGXGNV

$TWUVDKNF XCP 1NFGPDCTPGXGNVU HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF DTGKVGO -TCIGP 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP IGMTGW\VG 2CNO\YGKIG WPVGP IGMTGW\VG .QTDGGT\YGKIG OO I X .QQP ++ 5 4 2TCEJVXQNNG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T ,QJCP XCP 1NFGPDCTPGXGNV

5GRVGODGT #OGTUHQQTV YCT UGKV 4CVURGPUKQP·T FGT 2TQXKP\ *QNNCPF WPF XGTVTCV CNU RQNKVKUEJGT (ÒJTGT FGU 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVUMCORHGU GKPG CTKUVQMTCVKUEJ TGRWDNKMCPKUEJG 4KEJVWPI -QPHNKMVG OKV FGO 5VCVVJCNVGT /QTKV\ XQP 1TCPKGP UQYKG UGKPG TGNKIKÌUG #WHHCUUWPI DTCEJVGP KJP \W (CNN 'T YWTFG XGTJCHVGV WPF CO /CK KP &GP *CCI GPVJCWRVGV

5410

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH FGP 6QF FGU )GPGTCNUVCCVUCPYCNVU *WKI FG )TQQV *WIQ )TQVKWU Ó $TWUVDKNF FG )TQQVU HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN -KUVG FCTCWH \YGK -TQPGP KO *KPVGTITWPF N WPVGTIGJGPFG 5QPPG T 5EJNQ .QGXGUVGKP OO I *KNFGDTCPF p 2CZ KP 0WOOKU FQTV KP <KPP X .QQP ++ 5 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ *WIQ )TQVKWU

&GNHV Ó 4QUVQEM UVWFKGTVG CP FGT 7PKXGTUKV·V .GKFGP WPF UEJNQ UKEJ FGO 0CEJHQNIGT 9KNJGNOU + XQP 1TCPKGP KO 0KGFGTN·PFKUEJGP (TGKJGKVUMCORH ,QJCP XCP 1NFGPXCTPGXGNV CP FGP GT PCEJ 2CTKU DGINGKVGVG #D 4GEJVUCPYCNV HÒT FKG 1UVKPFKUEJG -QORCPKG UEJTKGD GT UGKP 5GGTGEJVUYGTM ªDGT FCU -TKGIUDGWVGTGEJV YWTFG GT )GPGTCNCPYCNV FGT 2TQXKP\ *QNNCPF 4CVURGPUKQP·T XQP 4QVVGTFCO WPF /KVINKGF FGT )GPGTCNUVCCVGP YWTFG GT KO <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGO 4GOQPUVTCPVGPUVTGKV \W NGDGPUNCPIGT *CHV XGTWTVGKNV +O )GH·PIPKU GPVUVCPF UGKP GRQEJCNGU 9GTM ÒDGT FKG PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG 4GEJVUIGUEJKEJVG FCU GTUV XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV YWTFG IGNCPI KJO OKV UGKPGT (COKNKG FKG (NWEJV PCEJ (TCPMTGKEJ 0CEJ GKPGO OKNWPIGPGP 4ÒEMMGJTXGTUWEJ KP FKG 0KGFGTNCPFG VTCV )TQVKWU KP UEJYGFKUEJG &KGPUVG WPF YWTFG )GUCPFVGT KP 2CTKU DCV GT -ÌPKIKP %JTKUVKPC WO UGKPG #DDGTWHWPI #WH FGT 4ÒEMTGKUG XQP 5VQEMJQNO UEJKHHDTÒEJKI IGYQTFGP UVCTD *WIQ )TQVKWU CO #WIWUV KP 4QUVQEM &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPFCTUVGNNWPI FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG DG\KGJV UKEJ CWH UGKPG URGMVCMWN·TG (NWEJV CWU FGO )GH·PIPKU )TQVKWU GPVMCO UGKPGT *CHV CWH 5EJNQ .QGXGUVGKP

)GNFGTNCPF KP GKPGT $ÒEJGTMKUVG

175

NIEDERLANDE

5411

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( #XT[ CWH FKG 'TOQTFWPI FGT )GDTÒFGT ,QJCP WPF %QTPGNKWU FG 9KVV $GKFGT $TWUVDKNFGT GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT &KG DGKFGP $TÒFGT HCNNGP OGJTGTGP (CDGNYGUGP \WO 1RHGT OO I X .QQP +++ 5 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI 5VKHVUNQEJ HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ ,QJCP FG 9KVV ICNV UGKV CNU (ÒJTGT FGT TGRWDNKMCPKUEJ UV·PFKUEJGP 2CTVGK FKG FKG 5VCVVJCNVGTUEJCHV ICP\ CWH\WJGDGP UVTGDVG &GT 'KPHCNN XQP .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ KP FKG 4GRWDNKM HÒJTVG \W FG 9KVV U 5VWT\ WPF \WT $GTWHWPI 9KNJGNOU XQP 1TCPKGP \WO 5VCVVJCNVGT XQP *QNNCPF /KV UGKPGO $TWFGT %QTPGNKWU YWTFG FG 9KVV DGK GKPGO 8QNMUCWHNCWH CO #WIWUV GTOQTFGV

5412

&+' 56#&6 *7.56

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , XCP .QQHH CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT 5VCFV FWTEJ (TKGFTKEJ *GKPTKEJ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG TGI #PUKEJV FGT DGNCIGTVGP WPF WPVGT $GUEJW NKGIGPFGP 5VCFV FCTÒDGT JCNVGP \YGK 2WVVGP FCU 5VCFVYCRRGP -CTVWUEJG OKV \GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT /GFCKNNGWTUUKIPCVWT WOJGT 9GKPTCPMGP QDGP IGMTÌPVGT .ÌYGPUEJKNF OO I X .QQP ++ 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP * & 4CWEJ 9KGP 0T

176

NIEDERLANDE

5413

5414

&+' 56#&6 .''79#4&'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG #WHICDG FGT $GNCIGTWPI XQP .GGWYCTFGP *CTNKPIGP WPF 5VCXQTGP &CXKF WPF )QNKCVJ UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT KO *KPVGTITWPF *GGTNCIGT &GT #DDTWEJ FGT .CIGT KP FGP FTGK 5V·FVGP OKV *CPFYGTMGTP WPF -TKGIGTP OO I X .QQP + 5 44 -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

&+' 56#&6 .'+&'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 'PVUCV\ .GKFGPU XQP FGT URCPKUEJGP $GNCIGTWPI CO 1MVQDGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP .GKFGP CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG KO 8QTFGTITWPF #D\WI FGT URCPKUEJGP 6TWRRGP CWU FGO DGHGUVKIVGP .CIGT 'KP 'PIGN XGTPKEJVGV FCU *GGT 5CPJGTKDU XQT FGT DGNCIGTVGP 5VCFV ,GTWUCNGO OO I X .QQP + 5 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC

5415

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT #5 CWH FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT -COKPUVGWGT 'KP #NEJGOKUV UKV\V KP GKPGO <KOOGT PCEJ N WPF Y·TOV UGKPG *·PFG CP GKPGO DTGPPGPFGP -COKP FCPGDGP -CV\G KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV XKGT 9CRRGP XQP #NV $ÒTIGTOGKUVGTP 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP JCNVGP \YGK 'PIGN FCU IGMTÌPVG 5VCFVYCRRGP WPVGP 5VCFVCPUKEJV OO I X .QQP ++ 5 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 9KP\ 5COONGTRWP\G KO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &KG 7O WPF +PUEJTKHVGP WPVGTUVTGKEJGP FKG #WUUCIG FGT /GFCKNNG FKG UKEJ CWEJ IGIGP FKG 8GTURTGEJWPIGP FGT #NEJGOKUVGP YGPFGV #4)'068/ ': (8/1 010 #45 5'& 1$5'38+8/ ('%+6 0KEJV FKG -WPUV UQPFGTP FKG )GJQTUCOMGKV JCDGP CWU 4CWEJ )GNF IGOCEJV &KG PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG +PUEJTKHV DGFGWVGV ÒDGTUGV\V #WU 4CWEJ WPF OKV FGT ITÌVGP 'KVGNMGKV MCPP FGT #NEJGOKUV MGKP /GVCNN GT\GWIGP 'KHGT WPF )GJQTUCOMGKV MÌPPGP CWU 4CWEJ )QNF WPF 5KNDGT UVTGEMGP 9GPP LGFGT FKGUG /CJPWPI GTJÌTV KUV 4CWEJ GKPG )QNFOKPG HÒT FGP 5VCCV 8QP FGP DTCXGP -COKP 5VGWGTRHNKEJVKIGP KP .GKFGP YWTFG CNUQ 'KHGT WPF )GJQTUCOMGKV GTYCTVGV &KG 'KPHÒJTWPI GKPGT -COKPUVGWGT KUV GKP $GKURKGN YGNEJG -TGCVKXKV·V HKUMCNKUEJG $GJÌTFGP HÒT FKG 'THKPFWPI PGWGT 5VGWGTP GPVYKEMGNP WO FKG 'KPPCJOGP FGU 5VCCVGU \W GTJÌJGP &CTCP JCV UKEJ UGKV PKEJVU IG·PFGTV

177

NIEDERLANDE

5416

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 6 XCP $GTEMGN CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 7PKXGTUKV·V .GKFGP #VJGPCDÒUVG N OKV *GNO FCXQT 'WNG CWH .CP\GPURKV\G &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP $NÒVGPMTCP\ OO I 8GTX X .QQP (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5417

5417 1,5:1

6TCIDCTG QXCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 9KNPQ CWH FKG 'ZRNQUKQP GKPGU OKV 5EJKGRWNXGT DGNCFGPGP 5EJKHHGU CO ,CPWCT WPF FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGT .QIG .C 8GTVW 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV MPKGV PCEJ T CP #NVCT CWH FGO (TGKOCWTGTCVVTKDWVG NKGIGP KJTG NKPMG *CPF UVTGEMV UKG CDYGJTGPF FGO JKPVGT FGO #NVCT UVGJGPFGP RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP 6QF GPVIGIGP GKP CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFGT #TO J·NV FKG 5GPUG FGU 6QFGU \WTÒEM KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG 6TÒOOGT GKPGT 5VCFV QDGP N UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP 5EJKNF OKV IGMTGW\VGP 5EJNÒUUGNP WOJGT GDGPHCNNU 5EJTKHV Z OO I $TCOUGP *<% 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG KUV \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FCU HWTEJVDCTG 7PINÒEM FGT 5VCFV .GKFGP IGRT·IV CNU GKP OKV 2WNXGT DGNCFGPGU 5EJKHH GZRNQFKGTVG WPF \CJNTGKEJG *·WUGT KP 6TÒOOGT NGIVG &KG JQNN·PFKUEJG $TÒFGTUEJCHV VTWI (N \WT *KNHG HÒT FKG )GUEJ·FKIVGP DGK <WINGKEJ FKGPV FKG /GFCKNNG CNU #PFGPMGP CP FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGT .QIG

5418

&+' 56#&6 0+,/')'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , ,CJTJWPFGTV WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG $GFGWVWPI FGT XQP -CTN FGO )TQGP IGITÒPFGVGP 5VCFV KO #NVGP 4GKEJ $GJGNOVGU 5VCFVYCRRGP -CTN FGT )TQG VJTQPV X X OKV -TQPG KP FGT 4GEJVGP <GRVGT KP FGT .KPMGP 4GKEJUCRHGN OO I X .QQP p 44 -N 4CPFp WPF 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 0KLOGIGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

178

NIEDERLANDE

5419

&+' 2418+0< 18'4+,55'.

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 2QQN CWH FKG 'TPGPPWPI XQP 2TKP\ 9KNJGNO +++ FGO UR·VGTGP GPINKUEJGP -ÌPKI KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP \WO 5VCVVJCNVGT XQP 1XGTKLUUGN $TWUVDKNF FGU LWPIGP 2TKP\GP X X OKV $CTGVV WPF (GFGTP UQYKG WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WOJGT GKP -TCP\ OKV $NWOGP WPF 1TCPIGP &GT LWPIG 2TKP\ UVGKIV PCEJ FGO 6QF FGU 8CVGTU YKG 2JÌPKZ CWU FGT #UEJG GORQT KO *KPVGTITWPF CWHIGJGPFG 5QPPG OO I X .QQP ++ 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &CU 2QTVT·V FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG IGJV \WTÒEM CWH GKPGP 5VKEJ XQP , $TQWYGT XQTIG\GKEJPGV XQP # FG )TGDDGT PCEJ GKPGO )GO·NFG XQP )GTTKV *QPVJQTUV

5420

5420 1,5:1

&+' 56#&6 4+,59+,-

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 #TQPFGCWZ CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM CO 5GRVGODGT WPF 1MVQDGT #PUKEJV FGU 5EJNQUUGU XQP 4KLUYKLM CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG WOIGDGP XQP FGP 9CRRGP FGU -CKUGTU 5RCPKGPU $TCPFGPDWTIU XQP FGT 2HCN\ XQP 5CEJUGP $C[GTP 'PINCPF 5EJYGFGP FGP 2TQXKP\GP FGP 5RCPKUEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP XQP &GWVUEJNCPF .QVJTKPIGP 5CXQ[GP WPF (TCPMTGKEJ &KG -CKUGT -ÌPKIG WPF 5VCVVJCNVGT XGTUCOOGNP UKEJ XQT ,CPWUVGORGN KO 8QTFGTITWPF DTGPPGPFGT #NVCT OO I *CYMKPU 5 0T *KNFGDTCPF + 5 2CZ KP 0WOOKU X .QQP +8 5 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV % 5# (+4/#$#06 (1'&'4# 214%# &WTEJ FKG &CTDTKPIWPI FGU 5CWQRHGTU DGUKGIGNVGP UKG KJTG (TKGFGPUXGTVT·IG UVCOOV CWU 8GTIKNU #GPGKU 8+++ *CYMKPU 5 DGOGTMV \W FKGUGO $TCWEJ 5QNGOP VTGCVKGU COQPIUV VJG 4QOCPU YGTG EQPHKTOGF D[ VJG RTKGUV MKNNKPI C UQY YKVJ C UVQPG .KX[ .KD K E CPF RTC[KPI VJCV VJQUG YJQ DTQMG VJG VTGCV[ OKIJV DG UKOKNCTN[ UOKVVGP &KG 9CRRGP FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG VTCIGP FKG $G\GKEJPWPIGP -';5'4 52#0)+'0 $4#0&'0$84) 2#.65 5#:'0 $';'4'0 '0)'.#0& 59'&'0 2418+06+' 5 0'&'4.#0 6 4;%- .16*#4+0)'0 5#81;'0 WPF 84#0%-4;-

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 179

NIEDERLANDE

5421

&+' 56#&6 4166'4&#/

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , XCP $CGTNN CWH FCU $ÒPFPKU OKV (TCPMTGKEJ *QNNCPFKC UKV\V PCEJ N CWH GKPGO 5VWJN KP FGT 4GEJVGP 2HGKNDÒPFGN KO *KPVGTITWPF GKP PCEJ T URTKPIGPFGU 'KPJQTP FCTÒDGT #FNGT QDGP T J·NV GKPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF GKPGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5EJKNF UEJÒV\GPF FC\YKUEJGP /GTMWT J·PIV FCU HTCP\ÌUKUEJG WPF PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG 9CRRGP CP GKPG 5·WNG OO I 8GTX X .QQP (GKPG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5422

&#5 '4<$+567/ 764'%*6

)GTJCTF 2QVECOR 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG HÒT FGP UGKPGU #OVGU GPVJQDGPGP 7VTGEJVGT 'T\DKUEJQH 2GVTWU %QFFG

Ó $TWUVDKNF %QFFGU T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &GT IGMTÌPVG PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG .ÌYG OKV 5EJYGTV WPF 2HGKNDÒPFGN UEJTGKVGV N JKPVGT KJO NKGIV FCU .COO )QVVGU PCEJ N WPF YKTF XQP $NKV\GP IGVTQHHGP FKG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGP WPF XQP FGP (GPUVGTP GKPGU KO *KPVGTITWPF PGDGP FGO 2GVGTUFQO DGHKPFNKEJGP )GD·WFGU WOIGNGKVGV YGTFGP OO I X .QQP +8 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 2GVGT %QFFG

#OUVGTFCO Ó 7VTGEJV UVWFKGTVG 2JKNQUQRJKG WPF 6JGQNQIKG KP .ÌYGP WPF YWTFG 1TCVQTKCPGT WPF 2TKGUVGT #RQUVQNKUEJGT 8KMCT XQP *QNNCPF WPF 6KVWNCTGT\DKUEJQH XQP 5GDCUVG WPF 'T\DKUEJQH XQP 7VTGEJV 'T YWTFG KP 4QO FGU ,CPUGPKUOWU XGTF·EJVKIV MQPPVG UKEJ CDGT GTHQNITGKEJ TGEJVHGTVKIGP #NU FKG ,GUWKVGP KJP GTPGWV CPMNCIVGP CPVYQTVGVG %QFFG WPF IKPI PCEJ 4QO WO UKEJ \W TGEJVHGTVKIGP &C GT UKEJ YGKIGTVG FCU (QTOWNCT #NGZCPFGTU 8++ \W WPVGT\GKEJPGP YWTFG GT KO ,CJTG XQP 2CRUV %NGOGPU :+ XQTN·WHKI UWURGPFKGTV MGJTVG PCEJ *QNNCPF \WTÒEM WPF YWTFG GPFIÒNVKI CDIGUGV\V

5423

&+' 2418+0< 764'%*6

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK 0KGWYRQQTV 9GUVHNCPFGTP CO ,WNK )GMTÌPVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP 5EJNCEJVU\GPG CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG KO *KPVGTITWPF 5EJKHHG CWH 5GG OO I X .QQP + 5 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

180

NIEDERLANDE

5424

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT 5VCFV )TCGH )TCXG FWTEJ /QTKV\ XQP 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG TGI 'KP /CPP UVGJV PCEJ T IGDGWIV WPF JKGXV OKV *KNHG GKPGT *GDGXQTTKEJVWPI GKPGP /ÒJNUVGKP $GMT·P\VGT 5RCVGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP )TCGH OO I X .QQP + 5 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5425

1,5:1

&+' 2418+0< 9'56(4+'5.#0&

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV YCJTUEJGKPNKEJ XQP % 9KLPVIGU CWH FGP (QTVUEJTKVV FGU 5GGJCPFGNU WPF FGT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV FGT 8GTGKPKIVGP 2TQXKP\GP 5EJKHH OKV IGUGV\VGP 5GIGNP N CWH 5GG KO *KPVGTITWPF YGKVGTG 5GIGNUEJKHHG WPVGP FGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF XQP 9GUVHTKGUNCPF $·WGTKP OGNMV -WJ KP )CTVGP OO I X .QQP ++ 5 FQTV XQP 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC

181

NIEDERLANDE

5426

1,5:1

&+' 2418+0< <''.#0&

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ) *QNV\JG[ CWH FGP 0CVWTYKUUGPUEJCHVNGT ,QJCP #FTKCCP XCP FGT 2GTTG

Ó )TÒPFGT FGT /KFFGNDWTUEJ 0CVWWTMWPFG )GPQQVUEJCR IGYKFOGV XQP FGT 2TQXKP\ <GGNCPF .ÌYG OKV 9CRRGPUEJKNF WPF \YGK (CJPGP WPF 5VKGT OKV 9CRRGPUEJKNF NKGIGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X *ÒIGN FCXQT #FNGT KP FGP (·PIGP .QTDGGT\YGKI D\Y $CPF CP FGO UKGDGP OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPG 9CRRGP GKPGP -TGKU WO FGP #FNGT DKNFGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG OO I 8GTX X .QQP (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W <GGNCPF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5427

0+'&'4. 0&+5%*' )'$+'6' +0 ª$'45'' 8'4'+0+)6' 156+0&+5%*' -1/2#0+'

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 #TQPFGCWZ CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 1UVKPFKUEJGP -QORCPKG &KG RGTUQPK HK\KGTVG -QORCPKG UKV\V PCEJ N OKV 5EJKHHUMTQPG KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV OKV -TCP\ FKG 5[ODQNG XQP $CVCXKC KP FGT .KPMGP 7TMWPFG \W KJTGP (ÒGP 5EJKNFMTÌVG WPF (ÒNNJQTP T 5QEMGN OKV FGT TÌOKUEJGP <CJN % FCTCWH GKP CWHIGUEJNCIGPGU $WEJ T FCPGDGP (ÒNNJQTP WPF 2CRCIGK FCJKPVGT \YGK 5·WNGP CWH FGT NKPMGP KUV FGT IGMTÌPVG PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG .ÌYG OKV 2HGKNDÒPFGN WPF 5EJYGTV FCTIGUVGNNV &KG CNU 5EJKHH FCTIGUVGNNVG -QORCPKG H·JTV CP FGP 5·WNGP FGU *GTCMNGU XQTDGK PCEJ 1UVGP KP FGO 5EJKHH FKG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP /KVINKGFGT FGT -QORCPKG OKV KJTGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP N KO *KPVGTIWPF FKG WPVGT IGJGPFG 5QPPG OO I X .QQP +8 5 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

182

NORWEGEN

5428

-¤0+)4'+%*

1,5:1

5428

0149')'0

(TGFGTKM +8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP % $CTVJ CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU -ÌPKIU KP FGP 5KNDGTDGTIYGTMGP XQP -QPIUDGTI &GT -ÌPKI TGKVGV N OKV (GFGTJWV 'KPG OKV .QTDGGT MTCP\ IGUEJOÒEMVG 2[TCOKFG OKV FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP $GTIYGTMUNCPFUEJCHV /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I )CNUVGT /ÒUGNGT FQTV WPVGT &·PGOCTM 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT $GUWEJ FGT GTVTCITGKEJGP 5KNDGTDGTIYGTMG KP -QPIUDGTI YQ UGKV CNNG PQTYGIKUEJGP /ÒP\GP JGTIGUVGNNV YWTFGP DQV FGP #PNC HÒT FKG 2T·IWPI FKGUGT KPVGTGUUCPVGP /GFCKNNG 5KG KUV GKPGO ·JPNKEJGP 5VÒEM CWH FGP $GUWEJ %JTKUVKCPU 8 KP FGT -QPIUDGTIGT 5KNDGTOKPG PCEJGORHWPFGP

5429

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 $GTI CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGU %QWUKPU -CTNU :++ XQP 5EJYGFGP CO 0QXGODGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO &G\GODGT WPF FKG #WHJGDWPI FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP $GNCIGTWPI FGT PQTYGIKUEJGP (GUVWPI (TGFGTKMUVGP CO &G\GODGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO &G\GODGT $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 'NGHCPVGPQTFGP 1DGNKUM OKV FTGK 5EJKNFGP FKG +PKVKCNG (TGFGTKMU +8 FGT F·PKUEJG WPF FGT PQTYGIKUEJG 5EJKNF WOJGT 9CHHGP WPF 5VCPFCTVGP \ 6 OKV FGT +PKVKCNG -CTNU :++ N GKP MÌPKINKEJGU <GNV T #PUKEJV FGT PQTYGIKUEJGP (GUVWPI (TGFGTKMUVGP OO I )CNUVGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 0CEJFGO -CTN :++ DGTGKVU KO 5QOOGT XGTIGDNKEJ XGTUWEJV JCVVG FKG UÒFPQTYGIKUEJG (GUVWPI (TGFGTKMUVGP DGK *CNFGP \W GTQDGTP \QI GT KO 0QXGODGT GTPGWV XQT FKG KORQUCPV CWH GKPGO (GNUGP IGNGIGPG #PNCIG &KG 'KPPCJOG (TGFGTKMUVGPU YCT FKG 8QTCWUUGV\WPI HÒT FKG 'TQDGTWPI FGT PQTYGIKUEJGP *CWRVUVCFV %JTKUVKCPKC JGWVG 1UNQ OKV FGT (GUVWPI #MGTUJWU #NU FKG 5EJYGFGP DGTGKVU FKG 8QTHGUVWPIGP GKPIGPQOOGP JCVVGP WPF OKV FGO #PITKHH CWH FKG *CWRVHGUVWPI DGICPPGP YWTFG -CTN :++ CO #DGPF FGU 0QXGODGT XQP GKPGT -WIGN KP FKG 5EJN·HG IGVTQHHGP &GT 6QF FGU UVWTGP 5EJYGFGPMÌPKIU -ÌPKI 'KUGPMQRH MQPPVG PKG YKTMNKEJ CWHIGMN·TV YGTFGP GU GZKUVKGTGP FWTEJCWU 6JGQTKGP FKG FGP 5EJÒV\GP KP FGP GKIGPGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 4GKJGP XGTOWVGP OKV FGO /QVKX FGO CWUUKEJVUNQUGP -TKGI GPFNKEJ GKP 'PFG \W UGV\GP /KV FGO 6QF -CTNU :++ FGT FKG UEJYGFKUEJG )TQOCEJVUUVGNNWPI PQEJ GTYGKVGTP YQNNVG GPFGVG SWCUK FGT )TQG 0QTFKUEJG -TKGI FGT 5EJYGFGP CNNG UGKPG $GUKV\WPIGP LGPUGKVU FGT 1UVUGG MQUVGP UQNNVG $GTGKVU CO P·EJUVGP 6CI VTCVGP FKG UEJYGFKUEJGP 6TWRRGP FGP 4ÒEM\WI CP YQDGK UKG XQP F·PKUEJ PQTYGIKUEJGP 6TWRRGP ÒDGT FGP 5XKPGUWPF FKG JGWVKIG UEJYGFKUEJ PQTYGIKUEJG )TGP\G \YKUEJGP )ÌVGDQTI WPF 1UNQ XGTHQNIV YWTFGP

183

POLEN

1,5:1

5430

%JTKUVKCP 8+ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT WPF 2 $GTI CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU -ÌPKIURCCTGU KP FGP -QPIUDGTIGT 5KNDGTOKPGP &KG $TWUVDKNFGT FGU -ÌPKIURCCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT T &CU RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG -QPIUDGTI OKV -TQPG /GTMWTUVCD WPF (ÒNNJQTP UKV\V PCEJ N CWH FGO PQTYGIKUEJGP .ÌYGP KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGT 5KNDGTOKPGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG OO I )CNUVGT /ÒUGNGT FQTV WPVGT &·PGOCTM 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

5431

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 21.'0

5KIKUOWPF +++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH FKG #DUGV\WPI 5KIKUOWPFU +++ XQO UEJYGFKUEJGP 6JTQP FWTEJ FKG 4GKEJUVCIUDGUEJNÒUUG XQO ,WNK 5VQEMJQNO WPF /·T\ .KPMÌRKPI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP

2QNGP .KVCWGP KP -CTVWUEJG OO * %\ FQTV KP 5KNDGT *KNFGDTCPF + 5 FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5VGPUVTÌO 00 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV FKGUGT \WT 4GIGPVGPUWKVG #TXKF -CTNUVGGPU IGJÌTGPFGP /GFCKNNG NCWVGV *1% 6'%685 08&#684 #8+61 &WTEJ FCU =RQNPKUEJG 4GKEJ? IGUEJÒV\V YKTF GT FGU 'TDGU UGKPGT 8QTX·VGT DGTCWDV

184

21.'0

POLEN

5432

8GTUKNDGTVGU ICNXCPQRNCUVKUEJGU $TQP\GOGFCKNNQP XGTOWVNKEJ URÂ·VGTG (GTVKIWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI XQP 5OQNGPUM FWTEJ RQNPKUEJG 6TWRRGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU *Ã&#x2019;HVDKNF HCUV X X OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 5EJYGTV KP FGT 4GEJVGP -QOOCPFQUVCD FKG .KPMG KP FKG *Ã&#x2019;HVG IGUVGOOV N *GNO WPF 8QTJCPI #PUKEJV FGT DGNCIGTVGP 5VCFV CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG OKV GKPGT 'ZRNQUKQP KO <GPVTWO OO * %\ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 8GTUKNDGTVGU $TQP\GICNXCPQ XGTOWVNKEJ FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU (CUV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJG #TDGKV 185

POLEN

5433

9NCFKUNCY +8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH FGP RQNPKUEJGP 5KGI ÒDGT FKG 4WUUGP DGK 5OQNGPUM FGP (TKGFGP \YKUEJGP 2QNGP WPF FGT 6ÒTMGK UQYKG CWH FGP 8GTVTCI XQP 5VWJOUFQTH \YKUEJGP 2QNGP WPF 5EJYGFGP XQO 5GRVGODGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO 5GRVGODGT &GT RQNPKUEJG -ÌPKI N \W 4Q XQP 2WVVG CWU 9QNMGP DGMT·P\V GORH·PIV OKV UGKPGO *GGT FKG OKV 2CNO\YGKIGP WO (TKGFGP DKVVGPFGP )GUCPFVGP 5EJYGFGPU WPF FGT 6ÒTMGK 9NCFKUNCY +8 GORH·PIV OKV UGKPGO )GHQNIG FKG CO $QFGP MPKGPFGP TWUUKUEJGP )GUCPFVGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 6TWRRGPCWHOCTUEJ WPF FKG 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 5OQNGPUM OO I * %\ 4 *KNFGDTCPF + 5 /CW¾ 44 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T /KV FGO 8GTVTCI XQP 5VWJOUFQTH YWTFG FGT 9CHHGPUVKNNUVCPF XQP #NVOCTM XQO 5GRVGODGT WO YGKVGTG ,CJTG XGTN·PIGTV 5EJYGFGP DGJKGNV 'UVNCPF WPF .KXNCPF XGT\KEJVGVG CDGT CWH FKG DKUJGT XGTGKPPCJOVGP <QNNGKPPCJOGP FGT *·HGP \YKUEJGP &CP\KI WPF 0CTXC 2QNGP GTJKGNV FKG XQP 5EJYGFGP GTQDGTVGP $GUKV\WPIGP KP 2TGWGP WPF FGT RQNPKUEJG -ÌPKI FWTHVG YGKVGTJKP FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 6KVGN HÒJTGP QJPG VCVU·EJNKEJ FKGUGP #PURTWEJ FWTEJ\WUGV\GP &KGUGU /GKUVGTYGTM FGU DGICDVGP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTU 5GDCUVKCP &CFNGT KUV GKPG *WNFKIWPI CP FGP RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKI 9NCFKUNCY +8 WPF GTN·WVGTV KP FGP 7OUEJTKHVGP FKG FGVCKNTGKEJGP &CTUVGNNWPIGP CWH 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG <WO 'PVUCV\ FGT 5VCFV 5OQNGPUM XQP FGT TWUUKUEJGP $GNCIGTWPI KUV \W NGUGP &'+ 126=KOK? /#:=KOK? #852+%+1 +08+%6=K? 8.#&+5.#+ +8 21.=QPKCG? 58'%+ 3=WG? 4')=KU? #4/+5 8+%64+%=KDWU? 5/1.'05%8/ 1$5+&+10' .+$'4#68/ /15%+ 58$+8)#6+ 5+)0# &8%'5 241564#6+ 7PVGT FGU CNNO·EJVKIGP )QVVGU .GKVWPI WPF OKV *KNHG FGT 9CHHGP FGU WPDGUKGIVGP -ÌPKIU 2QNGPU WPF 5EJYGFGPU 9NCFKUNCY +8 YWTFG 5OQNGPUM XQP FGT $GNCIGTWPI DGHTGKV FKG /QUMQXKVGT WPVGTLQEJV WPF FKG (CJPGP WPF *GGTHÒJTGT \WT #UEJG IGDTCEJV &GT (TKGFGPUUEJNW 2QNGPU OKV 5EJYGFGP WPF FGT 6ÒTMGK YKTF KP FGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPNGIGPFG CNU IP·FKIGT #MV 9NCFKUNCYU +8 IGUEJKNFGTV '6 $'..1 '6 2#%' %1.'0&85 684%#' 2#%'/ ('4'06'5 '6 58'%+ +JO KUV UQYQJN KO -TKGI CNU CWEJ KO (TKGFGP \W JWNFKIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP WPF FKG 5EJYGFGP VTCIGP 2CNO\YGKIG =CNU <GKEJGP FGU (TKGFGPUYWPUEJGU?

186

POLEN

5434

5435

,QJCPP -CUKOKT 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT # . CWH FKG 5VCPFJCHVKIMGKV UGKPGT )GOCJNKP -ÌPKIKP .WFQXKEC /CTKC )QP\CIC

Ó 2TKP\GUUKP XQP /CPVWC KO -TKGI IGIGP 5EJYGFGP $TWUVDKNF FGT -ÌPKIKP T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN (GNUGP KP VQUGPFGT 5GG QDGP 5VTCJNGP \W FGP 5GKVGP 9KPFMÌRHG KP 9QNMGP OO I * %\ 4 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

,QJCPP +++ 5QDKGUMK 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , *ÌJP CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI WPF FGP 'PVUCV\ 9KGPU WPF CWH UGKPGP 5KGI ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #PUKEJV FGT DGNCIGTVGP 5VCFV XQP FGT .GQRQNFUVCFV CWU IGUGJGP QDGP \GTDTGEJGP \YGK #FNGT XQP FGPGP FGT GKPG FKG MCKUGTNKEJG FGT CPFGTG FKG RQNPKUEJG -TQPG VT·IV GKPGP *CNDOQPF WPVGP -CTVWUEJG OKV 5EJTKHV \W FGP 5GKVGP MCWGTV LG GKP IGHGUUGNVGT 6ÒTMG OO I * %\ *KTUEJ 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP INGKEJGP #PNC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH UGKPG 'PMGNKP %NGOGPVKPC 5QDKGUMC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5436

#WIWUV ++ FGT 5VCTMG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / * 1OGKU CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI \WO -ÌPKI XQP 2QNGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF KP XGT\KGTVGT -CTVWUEJG FCTWPVGT \YGK IGMTGW\VG 2CNO\YGKIG OO I * %\ p XIN FQTV CPFGTG 8QTFGTUGKVGPFCTUVGNNWPI 5NI /GTUGD 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T #WIWUV ++ IGPCPPV #WIWUV FGT 5VCTMG

/CK &TGUFGP Ó (GDTWCT 9CTUEJCW YCT GKP CWU FGT CNDGTVKPKUEJGP .KPKG FGU (ÒTUVGPIGUEJNGEJVU FGT 9GVVKPGT UVCOOGPFGT -WTHÒTUV XQP 5CEJUGP CNU (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV + &KG 'TNCPIWPI FGT RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKIUYÒTFG GTHÒNNVG FGP 9WPUEJ PCEJ RQNKVKUEJGT 5QWXGT·PKV·V 'KP YGKVGTGU YKEJVKIGU /QVKX DKNFGVGP FKG 4CPI WPF <GTGOQPKCNHTCIGP FKG \W LGPGT <GKV FKG /CEJVUVGNNWPI CP\GKIVGP WPF FCJGT WPOKVVGNDCTG RQNKVKUEJG $GFGWVWPI JCVVGP &GT 'TYGTD FGT RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKIUMTQPG UVGNNVG FCJGT GKPG 2TGUVKIGHTCIG GTUVGP 4CPIGU HÒT -WTHÒTUV (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV FCT FGPP PWT OKV GKPGT -ÌPKIUMTQPG MQPPVG GKP FGWVUEJGT (ÒTUV UGKPG UQWXGT·PG 5VGNNWPI CWUFTÒEMGP WPF FCOKV XQP FGP GWTQR·KUEJGP /·EJVGP CNU INGKEJTCPIKI CM\GRVKGTV YGTFGP

187

POLEN

5437

5438

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / * 1OGKU CWH FKG #DUVCOOWPI #WIWUVU FGU 5VCTMGP XQP *GT\QI 9KFWMKPF XQP 5CEJUGP )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF 9KFWMKPFU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I )TWPF 1 * %\ 5NI /GTUGD 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP #NVTCPUV·FV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

#WIWUV +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( 9GTOWVJ CWH FCU 1TFGPUUEJKGGP CPN·NKEJ UGKPGU 0COGPUVCIGU CO #WIWUV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU 6KUEJ FCTCWH FKG -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO 9GKGP #FNGT OO I * %\ 4 4 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP OKV FGO 2QTVT·V UGKPGT 6QEJVGT /CTKC #OCNKC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG *QEJ\GKV UGKPGT 6QEJVGT /CTKC #PPC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5439

5439 1,5:1

188

5VCPKUNCWU #WIWUV 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , . 1GZNGKP CWH FCU OKNWPIGPG #VVGPVCV CWH FGP -ÌPKI <YGK (WTKGP OKV 5EJYGTV D\Y (CEMGN CVVCEMKGTGP FGP TÌOKUEJ IGMNGKFGVGP -ÌPKI FGT XQP IÌVVNKEJGT CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFGT *CPF IGJCNVGP YKTF QDGP 9QNMGP OKV $NKV\GP KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 9CTUEJCW &GT -ÌPKI YKTF XQP FGT RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP 8QTUGJWPI \WO 9CTUEJCWGT 5EJNQUU \WTÒEMIGHÒJTV OO I * %\ 5NI 'TNCPIGT (GKPG 6ÌPWPI MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

POLEN

5440

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( 9 WPF & ( .QQU CWH FKG 'KPVTCEJV KO RQNPKUEJGP 4GKEJUVCI DGK FGT #DUVKOOWPI \WT #WHUVGNNWPI GKPGT /CPP UVCTMGP #TOGG \WO 5EJWV\ XQT 4WNCPF 4GKVGTUVCVWG XQP ,QJCPP +++ 5QDKGUMK KP TÌOKUEJGT 4ÒUVWPI FGT N ÒDGT GKPGP CO $QFGP NKGIGPFGP 6ÒTMGP JKPYGI TGKVGV \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP 5EJKNF OKV NCVGKPKUEJGT D\Y RQNPKUEJGT 5EJTKHV FCJKPVGT VÒTMKUEJG 9CHHGP &CU RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 2QNGP UVGJV PCEJ N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV KP FGT .KPMGP 5EJKNF WOJGT NKGIGP 9CHHGP CO $QFGP OO I * %\ 5QOOGT # 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT RTGWKUEJG 5QPFGTIGUCPFVG .WEJGUKPK ÒDGTTGKEJVG FGO RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKI 5VCPKUNCWU ++ #WIWUV WPF UGKPGP /CTUEJ·NNGP FKGUG /GFCKNNG \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP GKPUVKOOKIGP $GUEJNW FGU 4GKEJUVCIGU GKPG #TOGG CWH\WUVGNNGP 2QNGP YQNNVG OKV KJT UGKPG 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV XQP 4WNCPF UKEJGTP /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 0CRQN¾QP WPF 2QNGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP

5441

4GXQNWVKQP $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , , $CTTG CWH FKG RQNPKUEJG 'OKITCVKQP KPHQNIG FGT 0KGFGTNCIG KP FGP (TGKJGKVUM·ORHGP IGHGTVKIV KO #WHVTCI FGU -QOKVGGU KP $TÒUUGN &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP $GNIKGPU OKV (TGKJGKVUOÒV\G J·NV WPF WOCTOV FCU PGDGP KJT UVGJGPFG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 2QNGP FCU GKPG /CWGTMTQPG VT·IV WPF KP FGT 4GEJVGP GKPG 5VCPFCTVG J·NV &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP 5VGTPGPMTCP\ WPVGP .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI IGMTGW\V FCTWPVGT IGMTÌPVGT DGNIKUEJGT .ÌYG N OKV 5EJYGTV OO * %\ -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'KPG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \WO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI WPF 2QNGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

189

POLEN

5442

4GRWDNKM 8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG 2TQDG 'PVYWTH 'RTGWXG F #WVGWT FGU 2CTKUGT /GFCKNNGWTU # $QWTFGNNG HÒT GKPG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP RQNPKUEJGP 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT #FCO /KEMKGYKE\ $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN -TKGIGT UVGJV X X OKV GTJQDGPGO 5EJYGTV /KV 4CPFRWP\G $410<' WPF '24'78' & #76'74 OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5443

&GWVUEJG $GUGV\WPI 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , 9GTMUVCVV *WIWGPKP CWH FKG +PVGTPKGTWPI RQNPKUEJGT 5QNFCVGP KP FGT 5EJYGK\ Y·JTGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU 5QNFCV WPF #TDGKVGT OKV 5EJCWHGN UVGJGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X &CU 'ODNGO FGT RQNPKUEJGP +PHCPVGTKGUEJÒV\GPFKXKUKQP OO I /CVVRT·IWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 9·JTGPF FGU FGWVUEJGP 9GUVHGNF\WIGU M·ORHVG FKG RQNPKUEJG +PHCPVGTKGUEJÒV\GPFKXKUKQP \WT 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6TWRRGP KP FGT 4GIKQP $GNHQTV DGK /ÒJNJCWUGP 7O FGT FGWVUEJGP )GHCPIGPPCJOG \W GPVIGJGP ÒDGTUEJTKVVGP FKG XQO 0CEJUEJWD CDIGUEJPKVVGPGP RQNPKUEJGP 5QNFCVGP KO ,WTC FKG 5EJYGK\GT )TGP\G WPF YWTFGP FGP $GUVKOOWPIGP FGU 8ÌNMGTTGEJVU GPVURTGEJGPF KP FGT 5EJYGK\ KPVGTPKGTV

190

POLEN

5444

1,5:1

&+' 56#&6 &#0<+)

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , *ÌJP CWH FKG *QEJ\GKV FGU RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKIU 9NCFKUNCYU +8 OKV %·EKNKC 4GPCVC

Ó 6QEJVGT -CKUGT (GTFKPCPFU ++ XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF CWH FKG GTJQHHVG )GDWTV GKPGU 6JTQPHQNIGTU *GTMWNGU UEJYKPIV OKV FGT 4GEJVGP GKPG -GWNG IGIGP FGP %GTDGTWU FGT FGP *ÌNNGPGKPICPI DGYCEJV WPF FGP GT CP GKPGT -GVVG J·NV KO #DUEJPKVV FGT 5VCFVUEJKNF XQP &CP\KI &GT IGMTÌPVG RQNPKUEJG #FNGT OKV FGO 9CUC $TWUVUEJKNF WPF FGT IGMTÌPVG MCKUGTNKEJG &QRRGNCFNGT OKV $KPFGPUEJKNF PGDGPGKPCPFGT OO I &WVMQYUMK 5WEJCPGM E /CTKGPD 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5445

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP , *ÌJP CWH FKG 5GIPWPIGP FGU 9CHHGPUVKNNUVCPFU OKV 5EJYGFGP KP 5VWJOUFQTH ('.+: 6'44# (+&'5 2+'6#6+ 7$+ +70%6# 64+7/2*#6 (KFGU WPF 2KGVCU TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG *·PFG KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP &CP\KI QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU 2#: %7/ +756+6+# (14# 6'/2.# '6 474# %1410#6 ,WUVKVKC OKV DGD·PFGTVGO 5EJYGTV WPF 2CZ OKV %CFWEGWU ¤N WPF 2CNO\YGKI WOCTOGP GKPCPFGT FCXQT 5EJTKHVVCHGN OO I &WVMQYUMK 5WEJCPGM /CW¾ #PO 2CZ KP 0WOOKU X .QQP ++ 5 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV RTCEJVXQNNGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 191

POLEN

1,5:1

5446

5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP XQP , 2 .WVVOGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU (TKGFGPU XQP 1NKXC 5VCFVCPUKEJV OKV FGT /QVVNCW WPF FGT 1UVUGG KO *KPVGTITWPF FCTCWH 5EJKHHG WPVGP JCNVGP \YGK .ÌYGP FCU 5VCFV YCRRGP #PUKEJV FGU -NQUVGTU 1NKXC FCTÒDGT IGDWPFGPG <YGKIG ÒDGT PGWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I &WVMQYUMK 5WEJCPGM 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

192

POLEN

5447

&+' 56#&6 -4#-#7

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG XQP 2 , &CXKF IGPCPPV &CXKF F #PIGTU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT $KNFJCWGT CWH FGP -TCMCWGT #WHUVCPF WPF FKG )TGWGNVCVGP KP )CNK\KGP <GKNGP ITCXKGTVG 5EJTKHV N (CEMGN T 5EJYGTV &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG (TGKJGKV .KDGTVCU OKV $CLQPGVV UVGJV PCEJ T CP GKPGO )CNIGP WPF ITCXKGTV FCTCP /#5#%4'5 &' )#..+%+' $4'+0&6 OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT XIN FQTV KP $TQP\G WPF CPFGTGT &WTEJOGUUGT * %\ FQTV KP $TQP\G 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (GKP \KUGNKGTVGT 1TKIKPCNIW 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T &GT -TCMCWGT #WHUVCPF CWU FGO ,CJT KUV CWEJ CNU FCU /CUUCETG FG )CNNKEKG DGMCPPV &KG 5VCFV -TCMCW YWTFG PCEJ FGO 9KGPGT -QPITG XQP \WT 4GRWDNKM GTPCPPV WPF UVCPF WPVGT RTGWKUEJGT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGT WPF TWUUKUEJGT *QJGKV +O <WIG FGU #WHUVCPFGU XQO DKU MCOGP OGJT CNU /GPUEJGP WOU .GDGP XQTYKGIGPF )WVUDGUKV\GT 7PIGH·JT )ÒVGT YWTFGP IGRNÒPFGTV WPF \GTUVÌTV *KPVGTITWPF FGU #WHUVCPFGU YCTGP PCVKQPCNG $GUVTGDWPIGP PCEJ GKPGO RQNPKUEJGP 5VCCV FGT \W FKGUGT <GKV HCMVKUEJ PKEJV OGJT GZKUVKGTVG 7TURTÒPINKEJ UQNNVG FGT #WHUVCPF KP CNNGP )GDKGVGP 2QNGPU \GKVINGKEJ DGIQPPGP YGTFGP FQEJ YWTFGP FKG 2N·PG CP FKG $GUCV\WPIU O·EJVG 2TGWGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF 4WNCPF XGTTCVGP WPF NGFKINKEJ KP -TCMCW MQPPVG GKPG 4GXQNVG NQUDTGEJGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ UEJCHHVG GU LGFQEJ XKGNG CDJ·PIKIG $CWGTP IGIGP KJTG .CPFUJGTTGP CWH\WJGV\GP WPF UQOKV FKG 9WV FGU #WHUVCPFGU XQP UKEJ UGNDUV 2TGWGP WPF 4WNCPF CD\WYGPFGP #WUNÌUGT FGT 4GXQNVG YCT FGT 8GTUWEJ ÌUVGTTGKEJK UEJGT 6TWRRGP FKG 5VCFV -TCMCW \W DGUGV\GP FC JKGT XKGNG HÒJTGPFG /KVINKGFGT FGT CWHMGKOGPFGP 0CVKQPCNDGYGIWPI XGTOWVGV YWTFGP &GT 'KPOCTUEJ TWUUKUEJGT 6TWRRGP CO (GDTWCT DGGPFGVG FGP #WHUVCPF #NU (QNIG XGTNQT -TCMCW UGKPGP 5QPFGTUVCVWU CNU 4GRWDNKM WPF YWTFG KO 0QXGODGT FGUUGNDGP ,CJTGU CNU )TQJGT\QIVWO -TCMCW FGO -ÌPKITGKEJ )CNK\KGP WPVGT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGT *GTTUEJCHV WPVGTUVGNNV

3WGNNGP *CNGEMK 1UMCT )GUEJKEJVG 2QNGPU (TCPMHWTV *QGPUEJ ,ÌTI )GUEJKEJVG 2QNGPU 5VWVVICTV #WHNCIG

5449 1:2 5448

5448

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG XQP 2 , &CXKF IGPCPPV &CXKF F #PIGTU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT $KNFJCWGT CWH FGP -TCMCWGT #WHUVCPF WPF FKG )TGWGNVCVGP KP )CNK\KGP -QRH FGT RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP (TGKJGKV .KDGTVCU T N (GFGT T $CLQPGVV )CNIGP OO * %\ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&+' 56#&6 9#45%*#7

3WCFTCVKUEJG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 5VCFV 9CTUEJCW -KPFGT DGLWDGNP FKG 9CTUEJCWGT 5GGLWPIHGT FKG OKV 5EJYGTV KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP WPF 5EJKNF KP FGT .KPMGP PCEJ N UEJTGKVGV <YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCJKPVGT FKG ITQG <CJN 8++ Z OO I +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W 9CTUEJCW HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

193

PORTUGAL

5450

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 21467)#.

ex 5452

5451

21467)#.

,QUGH + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) ( QFGT - ( .QQU 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FGP 9KGFGTCWHDCW FGT FWTEJ FCU 'TFDGDGP XQP \GTUVÌTVGP 5VCFV .KUUCDQP #PUKEJV FGT YKGFGTCWHIGDCWVGP 5VCFV OKV FGO *CHGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF 'TFJCNDMWIGN OKV FGP -QPVKPGPVGP 'WTQRC WPF #HTKMC WOJGT 9QNMGP MTCP\ OO I 5NI 'TNCPIGT p 9WT\DCEJ p 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &CU 'TFDGDGP XQO 0QXGODGT XGTPKEJVGVG ÒDGT GKP &TKVVGN FGT FCOCNU TWPF 'KPYQJPGT \·JNGPFGP 5VCFV WPF HQTFGTVG 6QVG

194

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'TTKEJVWPI UGKPGU &GPMOCNU KP .KUUCDQP PCEJ FGO 9KGFGTCWH DCW FGT FWTEJ FCU 'TFDGDGP KO ,CJT \GTUVÌTVGP 5VCFV #PUKEJV FGT 4GKVGTUVCVWG FGU -ÌPKIU CO 5QEMGN CNNGIQTKUEJG )GUVCNVGP WPF GKP UKEJ CWHD·WOGPFGU 4Q &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 5VCFVIÌVVKP UVGJV X X KP GKPGT 5·WNGPJCNNG DGINGKVGV XQP GKPGO )GPKWU WPF GKPGO .ÌYGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF N -TKGIGT FGT FKG \W $QFGP IGUWPMGPG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 5GGHCJTV CWHTKEJVGV T MPKGPFGT -CWHOCPP FKG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG $CWMWPUV UQYKG GKPG YGKVGTG CNNGIQTKUEJG )GUVCNV OKV 5EJNÒUUGNP KP FGT .KPMGP OO I 9WT\DCEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI

2GVGT 8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP . 9KGPGT $TÒUUGN CWH UGKPG *QEJ\GKV OKV 5VGRJCPKG 2TKP\GUUKP XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP 5KIOCTKPIGP CO #RTKN KP FGT 5CPMV *GFYKIU -CVJGFTCNG KP $GTNKP FWTEJ 2TQMWTCVKQP KJTGU $TWFGTU .GQRQNF &KG $ÒUVGP FGU $TCWVRCCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT N &GT WPKHQTOKGTVG $T·WVKICO OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF -TQPG KP FGT .KPMGP UVGJV PCEJ T XQT UGKPGO 6JTQP WPF YCTVGV CWH UGKPG $TCWV FKG XQP GKPGO IGHNÒIGNVGP )GPKWU OKV (CEMGN KP FGT .KPMGP CWH GKPGT OKV GKPGO 'PIGN WPF FGP \YGK 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP IGUEJOÒEMVGP 2TQTC IGDTCEJV YKTF OO I &C\W GKP YGKVGTGU 'ZGORNCT KP $TQP\G OO 5VÒEM +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

RUMÄNIEN

5453

1,5:1

-CTN + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'PVFGEMWPI FGU 5GGYGIGU WO FCU -CR FGT )WVGP *QHHPWPI PCEJ +PFKGP FWTEJ FGP RQTVWIKGUKUEJGP 5GGHCJTGT WPF 'PVFGEMGT 8CUEQ FC )COC

EC Ó $TWUVDKNF FC )COCU X X )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP \W FGP 5GKVGP 2CNO\YGKIG UQYKG .QTDGGT D\Y 'KEJGP\YGKI OO I 9WT\DCEJ p (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

ex 5454

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 47/ 0+'0

5453

1,5:1

ex 5454

47/ 0+'0

-CTN + 5GV XQP FTGK /GFCKNNGP KP 5KNDGT I $TQP\G I WPF <KPP I XQP 9 /C[NGT ! CWH FGP $GUWEJ UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 'NKUCDGVJ 1VVKNKG XQP 9KGF %CTOGP 5[NXC

Ó KP .NCPFWFPQ ITÌVGU 5GGDCF KP 9CNGU )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF 'NKUCDGVJU T 0+*+. 5+0' &'1 WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ EC OO 'KOGT FQTV KP 5KNDGT WPF $TQP\G 5VÒEM +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNGP VTCIGP FGP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTPCOGP 9 /C[NGT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG GU MÌPPVG UKEJ JKGT WO GKPG WPMQTTGMVG 5EJTGKDYGKUG HÒT 9 /C[GT 2HQT\JGKO JCPFGNP 'NKUCDGVJ 1VVKNKG \W 9KGF FKG UR·VGTG -ÌPKIKP XQP 4WO·PKGP YWTFG CO &G\GODGT CNU GTUVGU -KPF FGU (ÒTUVGP *GTOCPP WPF FGT (ÒTUVKP /CTKG IGDQTGPG 2TKP\GUUKP XQP 0CUUCW 9GKNDWTI CWH 5EJNQ /QPTGRQU DGK 0GWYKGF CO 4JGKP IGDQTGP 5KG GTJKGNV XQP 'T\KGJGTKPPGP WPF *CWUNGJTGTP GKPG UGJT WOHCUUGPFG #WUDKNFWPI FKG KPUDGUQPFGTG KJTG $GICDWPI HÒT (TGOFURTCEJGP HÌTFGTVG WPF YGKV ÒDGT FCU ÒDNKEJG /C JKPCWUIKPI +P FGT <GKV XQP YCT KJT *CWUNGJTGT )GQTI 5CWGTYGKP OKV FGO UKG GKP .GDGP NCPI $TKGHMQPVCMV JKGNV +P FKGUG <GKV IGJV KJT 2UGWFQP[O %CTOGP 5KNXC \WTÒEM 5CWGTYGKP PCPPVG UKEJ 5[NXCVKEWU /KV ,CJTGP NGTPVG UKG CO *QH KP $GTNKP FGP 1HHK\KGT 2TKP\ -CTN 'KVGN XQP *QJGP\QNNGTP 5KIOCTKPIGP (ÒTUV XQP 4WO·PKGP MGPPGP WPF JGKTCVGVG KJP #O 0QXGODGT VTCH FKG LWPIG 'JGHTCW KP 4WO·PKGP GKP YQ HÒT UKG GKP XÌNNKI PGWGT .GDGPUCDUEJPKVV KP GKPGO HTGOFGP .CPF OKV GKPGT HTGOFGP -WNVWT DGICPP (ÒT -CTN WPF 'NKUCDGVJ YCTGP FKG GTUVGP ,CJTGP KP 4WO·PKGP UKEJGTNKEJ FKG UEJYGTUVGP &KG CPVKFGWVUEJG 5VKOOWPI KO .CPF WPF GTPUVJCHVG YKTVUEJCHVNKEJG 5EJYKGTKIMGKVGP DGFTQJVGP KOOGT YKGFGT FGP $GUVCPF FGU PQEJ LWPIGP (ÒTUVGPVJTQPGU +P FKGUGT <GKV XGTUVCPF GU 'NKUCDGVJ PKEJV PWT KJTGP /CPP FGT UKEJ OKV #DFCPMWPIURN·PGP VTWI CWH\WTKEJVGP UQPFGTP FWTEJ KJT GKPPGJOGPFGU 9GUGP GEJVG 5[ORCVJKGP KP FGT $GXÌNMGTWPI HÒT FCU CWUN·PFKUEJG *GTTUEJGTJCWU \W IGYKPPGP &WTEJ FKG *GKTCV GTÌHHPGVG UKEJ KJT KP 4WO·PKGP GKP $GV·VKIWPIHGNF CWH FGO UKG UKEJ DGUQPFGTU FWTEJ KJT UQ\KCNGU WPF MCTKVCVKXGU 'PICIGOGPV FCU UKEJ XQT CNNGO CWH -KPFGT WPF FCU $KNFWPIU WPF 'T\KGJWPIUYGUGP KJTGU .CPFGU MQP\GPVTKGTVG JGTXQTVCV 0CEJFGO KJT GKP\KIGU -KPF KJTG 6QEJVGT /CTKG

Ó CP GKPGO 5EJCTNCEJHKGDGT IGUVQTDGP YCT UVGNNVG 'NKUCDGVJ KOOGT OGJT KJTG MÒPUVNGTKUEJG 6·VKIMGKV FKG PGDGP FGT &KEJVMWPUV CWEJ FKG /CNGTGK WPF FKG /WUKM WOHCVG KP FGP /KVVGNRWPMV +O ,CJTG CNU -CTN \WO -ÌPKI XQP 4WO·PKGP GTJQDGP YWTFG GTUEJKGP KJTG GTUVG 8GTÌHHGPVNKEJWPI WPVGT FGO 0COGP %CTOGP 5[NXC 7PVGT FKGUGO 2UGWFQP[O XGTÌHHGPVNKEJVG FKG -ÌPKIKP OGJT CNU 9GTMG #O 1MVQDGT UVCTD -CTN + MPCRR CPFGTVJCND ,CJTG UR·VGT CO /·T\ GTNCI FKG -ÌPKIKP GKPGT FQRRGNUGKVKIGP .WPIGPGPV\ÒPFWPI +JTGT TJGKPKUEJGP *GKOCV KUV UKG DKU \W KJTGO 6QF KOOGT GPI XGTDWPFGP IGDNKGDGP 1DYQJN FKG 9GTMG FGT FKEJVGPFGP -ÌPKIKP JGWVG MCWO PQEJ DGMCPPV UKPF KUV FKG 'TKPPGTWPI CP 'NKUCDGVJ KP 0GWYKGF KOOGT PQEJ RT·UGPV

195

RUMÄNIEN

5455

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 6CWHG UGKPGU )TQPGHHGP -CTN UR·VGT -CTN ++ CO 1MVQDGT IGYKFOGV XQP FGT 5VCFV $WMCTGUV /KV /CWGTMTQPG DGUGV\VGU 5VCFVYCRRGP 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 9WT\DCEJ p #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JÒDUEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5456

8GTIQNFGVG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # 5EJCTHH CWH FKG )TWPFUVGKPNGIWPI FGU *CHGPU XQP -QPUVCP\C 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF N #PUKEJV FGT *CHGPCPNCIG OKV /QNG KO *KPVGTITWPF CWHIGJGPFG 5QPPG OO I 5NI 2GNV\GT 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5457

(GTFKPCPF + $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP * 0QES CWH FKG (TCP\ÌUKUEJ 4WO·PKUEJG .WHV HCJTVIGUGNNUEJCHV %QORCIPKG (TCPEQ 4QWOCKPG FG 0CXKICVKQP #¾TKGPPG #PUKEJV XQO 5VTGEMGPPGV\ FGT .WHVHCJTIGUGNNUEJCHV FCTÒDGT \YGK (NWI\GWIG (NWI\GWI ÒDGT .CPFUEJCHV OKV -WVUEJG #WVQ WPF 'KUGP DCJP /KV 4CPFRWP\G %7+84' OO $WVVQP p -CKUGT p (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

196

RUMÄNIEN

5458

/KEJCGN + 4GIKGTWPI 8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # .CXTKNNKGT CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU TWO·PKUEJGP 5CPKV·VUEJGHU %CTQN &CXKNC

2CTOC Ó $WMCTGUV 2TQDG 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )GPGTCNFQMVQTU N &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG /GFK\KP UVGJV X X OKV UMWNCRUVCD WPF GKPGO -PCDGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP $WMCTGUV /KV 4CPFRWP\G '24'78' & #76'74 $410<' &TGKGEM OO 5NI $TGVVCWGT p 9WT\DCEJ p 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5459

-CTN ++ 8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # .CXTKNNKGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT MÌPKINKEJGP +PHCPVGTKG 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF X X FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV WOJGT .QTDGGT \YGKIG <YGK +PHCPVGTKUVGP XQP WPF UVGJGP X X LGFGT OKV .QTDGGT\YGKI WPF )GYGJT FC\YKUEJGP IGMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G $410<' &TGKGEM OO 9WT\DCEJ p (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

197

RUSSLAND

5460

&#5 <#4'04'+%* 4755.#0&

4755.#0&

4WTKM WO ÓWO 5KNDGTPG 5WKVGPOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP , $ )CUU CWH FGP 6QF FGU (ÒTUVGP 6TWXQT KP +\DQTUM MO YGUVNKEJ XQP 2UMQY CP FGT JGWVKIGP )TGP\G \W 'UVNCPF )GJCTPKUEJVGU WPF WPKHQTOKGTVGU *ÒHVDKNF FGU )TQHÒTUVGP 4WTKM T OKV *GNO WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5EJKNF WPF $GKN *ÒIGNITCD KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV /KV 5GTKGPPT OO I &KCMQX XCT 4 FQTV OKV 5KIPCVWT XQP 5 8CUKNKGX CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP *GUU &KXQ #) <ÒTKEJ 0T

/GFCKNNGP CWH FKG -·ORHG OKV 2QNGP WO 5OQNGPUM KP FGP ,CJTGP WPF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5461

2GVGT + FGT )TQG <KPPOGFCKNNG XQP 5 ,WFKP UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJT JWPFGTVU CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 5EJNÒUUGNDWTI UEJYGFKUEJ 0ÌVGDQTI CO 1MVQDGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG CWH GKPGT +PUGN KP FGT 0GYC IGNGIGPG DTGPPGPFG (GUVWPI 5EJNÒUUGNDWTI WPVGT $GUEJW FGT KO 8QTFGTITWPF CWH GKPGO 7HGTUVTGKHGP DGHKPFNKEJGP TWUUKUEJGP /ÌTUGT WPF -CPQPGPDCVVGTKGP CWH FGO 9CUUGT \CJNTGKEJG $QQVG OO I &KCMQX 9KP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG -KNQOGVGT ÌUVNKEJ XQP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI KO #WUNCWH FGT 0GYC CWU FGO .CFQICUGG CWH GKPGT +PUGN IGNGIGPG (GUVWPI WPF CO UÒFNKEJGP (NWWHGT IGNGIGPG 5VCFV YCT UGKV KP UEJYGFKUEJGO $GUKV\ WPF YWTFG 0ÌVGDQTI IGPCPPV 5GKV FGO ,CJTJWPFGTV YCT FKG (GUVWPI HQTVY·JTGPFGT <CPMCRHGN \YKUEJGP 5EJYGFGP WPF 4WNCPF 0CEJ OKNKV·TKUEJGP 'THQNIGP KP .KXNCPF JCVVG UKEJ 2GVGT FGT )TQG PCEJ +PIGTOCPNCPF IGYCPFV WPF DGNCIGTVG UGKV FGO 5GRVGODGT OKV /CPP FKG UVTCVGIKUEJ DGFGWVGPFG CDGT OKV GKPGT PWT /CPP UVCTMGP UEJYGFKUEJGP )CTPKUQP DGUGV\VG (GUVWPI 0CEJ JGHVKIGO $GUEJW MCRKVWNKGTVG FGT UEJYGFKUEJG -QOOCPFCPV CO 1MVQDGT <CT 2GVGT YCT FKG $GFGWVWPI FKGUGU 5KGIGU DGYWV 'U YCT FGT GTUVG YKTMNKEJG 'THQNI KO -TKGI IGIGP -CTN :++ WPF 2GVGT \QI YKG GKP TÌOKUEJGT 6TKWORJCVQT KP /QUMCW GKP 9GIGP FGT 5EJNÒUUGNTQNNG FGT (GUVWPI HÒT FGP TWUUKUEJGP <WICPI \WT 1UVUGG FGO *CWRV\KGN 2GVGTU VCWHVG GT FKG 5VCFV KP 5EJNÒUUGNDWTI WO 2GVGT MGJTVG LGFGU ,CJT UGNDUV PCEJ -TKGIUGPFG PCEJ 5EJNÒUUGNDWTI \WTÒEM WO UGKPGP DGFGWVGPFGP 5KGI \W HGKGTP

198

RUSSLAND

5462

1,5:1

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI WO CWH FKG TWUUKUEJGP 'TQDGTWPIGP KO ,CJT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 1XCNGT 5EJKNF OKV FGO TWUUKUEJGP &QRRGNCFNGT WOJGT CEJV OKV 5VCFVMTQPGP DGFGEMVG -CTVWUEJGP OKV FGP #PUKEJVGP FGT (GUVWPIGP 'NDKPI 4GXCN 8KDQTI 4KIC &ÒPCOÒPFG 2GTPCW -GZJQNO %#4'.# WPF #TGPUDWTI OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5463

1,5:1

1XCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH IGRT·IV WO 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG HÒT FKG $GVGKNKIVGP CO 2TWVJ (GNF\WI IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 5V )GQTIUUEJKNF WPVGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN Z OO I &KCMQX \W 4 FQTV WPUKIPKGTV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

199

RUSSLAND

1,5:1

5464

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 1 -CNCUJPKMQX IGRT·IV WO CWH FKG TWUUKUEJG (NQVVGPGZRGFKVKQP KP FGP (KPPKUEJGP /GGTDWUGP KO ,WNK )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN CWH FGT 4ÒUVWPI KUV FGT IGMTÌPVG TWUUKUEJG &QRRGNCFNGT \W UGJGP &KG CWUNCWHGPFG (NQVVG KO 8QTFGTITWPF T GKP (GNUXQTURTWPI OO I &KCMQX 4 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 0CEJFGO 2GVGT + FCU $CNVKMWO WPF 5ÒFHKPPNCPF YGKVIGJGPF WPVGT UGKPG -QPVTQNNG IGDTCEJV JCVVG YQNNVG GT CWEJ FKG UEJYGFKUEJG (NQVVG DGUKGIGP FKG HÒT 4WNCPF YGIGP FGT DGUUGTGP #WUTÒUVWPI GKPG DGFGWVGPFG )GHCJT FCTUVGNNVG 'T JCVVG GNH PGWG XQNN CWUIGTÒUVGVG -TKGIUUEJKHHG IGMCWHV WPF DGQDCEJVGVG KO /CK WPF ,WPK XQP UGKPGT (GUVWPI -TQPUNQV JGWVG -TQPUVCFV CWH FGT +PUGN -QVNKP KO (KPPKUEJGP /GGTDWUGP MO YGUVNKEJ XQP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI CWU FKG (NQVVGPOCPÌXGT #WH $GHGJN FGU <CTGP UGIGNVG FKG PGW CWUIGTÒUVGVG TWUUKUEJG (NQVVG CO ,WNK CD WO FKG UEJYGFKUEJG (NQVVG \W UEJNCIGP #O ,WNK MCO GU DGK FGT JGWVG TWUUKUEJGP +PUGN *QINCPF MO UÒFNKEJ FGT HKPPKUEJGP 5VCFV -QVMC MO YGUVNKEJ XQP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI \W GKPGO 5GGIGHGEJV FCU LGFQEJ WPGPVUEJKGFGP XGTNKGH &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG \GKIV UVQN\ FKG PGWGP TWUUKUEJGP -TKGIUUEJKHHG YQJN CWEJ CNU /CEJVFGOQPUVTCVKQP IGIGPÒDGT FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP #FOKTCNKV·V

200

RUSSLAND

1,8:1

5465

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 0[UVCF \YKUEJGP 5EJYGFGP WPF 4WNCPF XQO #WIWUV &KG #TEJG 0QCJ CWH 5GG FCTÒDGT HNKGIV GKPG 6CWDG N OKV ¤N\YGKI KO 5EJPCDGN KO *KPVGTITWPF XGTDKPFGV GKP 4GIGPDQIGP FKG 5V·FVG 5V 2GVGTUDWTI WPF 5VQEMJQNO <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I &KCMQX 4 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ &KG 5EJTKHV KO #DUEJPKVV FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG GPVJ·NV KTTVÒONKEJ FKG ,CJTGU\CJN CPUVCVV CNU %JTQPQITCOO 0CEJFGO FKG 4WUUGP KP FGP 5QOOGTOQPCVGP FGT ,CJTG WPF OGJTGTG UEJYGFKUEJG 5V·FVG W C 0QTTMÌRKPI WPF 7OG¹ \GTUVÌTV JCVVGP OWVG 5EJYGFGP UEJNKGNKEJ CO 5GRVGODGT KP FGP (TKGFGP XQP 0[UVCF HKPPKUEJ 7WUKMCWRWPMK IGNGIGP KP 9GUVHKPPNCPF EC MO PQTFYGUVNKEJ XQP 6WTMW DQ GKPYKNNKIGP &GT (TKGFG YCT GKP ITQGT 6TKWORJ FGU TWUUKUEJGP <CTGP 2GVGT + 5EJYGFGP OWVG 'UVNCPF .KXNCPF OKV FGP +PUGNP ¤UGN WPF &CIÌ +PIGTOCPNCPF FCU )GDKGV \YKUEJGP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI WPF 0CTXC UQYKG -CTGNKGP OKV 8KDQTI CP 4WNCPF CDVTGVGP WPF GTJKGNV NGFKINKEJ FCU XQP 2GVGT + GTQDGTVG (KPPNCPF \WTÒEM

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP 0QTFKUEJGP -TKGI IGIGP 5EJYGFGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP

201

RUSSLAND

1,5:1

5466

'NKUCDGVJ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI WO CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGT /CTKPGYGTHV KP -TQPUVCFV )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'KP KO $CW DGHKPFNKEJGU 5EJKHH FCJKPVGT -CPCN OKV $TÒEMG KO *KPVGTITWPF *CHGPCPUKEJV XQP -TQPUVCFV OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5467

202

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 +YCPQHH XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI WO CWH FKG )TGP\TGIWNKGTWPI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG )GTGEJVKIMGKV XGTUGV\V FGT CO $QFGP NKGIGPFGP RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP <YKGVTCEJV GKPGP 6TKVV N /GVKUEJ T )TGP\U·WNG KO *KPVGTITWPF N \YGK .CPFXGTOGUUGT OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJ

RUSSLAND

1,5:1

5468

-CVJCTKPC ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ' $CWGTV CWH FGP 6QF FGU &KRNQOCVGP WPF 2T·UKFGPVGP FGT TWUUKUEJGP #MCFGOKG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP ,QJCPP #NDGTV $CTQP XQP -QTHH

Ó 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP -QTHHU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUDCPF 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UKV\V JCNDN OKV 2CNO\YGKI )NQDWU WPF 5QPPG OKV FGT 4GEJVGP UEJTGKDV UKG XKGT <GKNGP CWH FGP 5QEMGN GKPGU 1DGNKUMGP FCXQT \YGK 2WVVGP WOIGDGP XQP #VVTKDWVGP FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHV OO I &KCMQX p )CNUVGT 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

,QJCPP #NDGTV $CTQP XQP -QTHH UVCOOVG IGDÒTVKI CWU -WTNCPF WPF MCO OKV FGT <CTKP #PPC TGI PCEJ 4WNCPF WO KJT CNU -COOGTJGTT \W FKGPGP $GTGKVU LGFQEJ YCT GT 2T·UKFGPV FGT #MCFGOKG FGT 9KUUGP UEJCHVGP WPF YWTFG GT UEJNKGNKEJ \WO TWUUKUEJGP )GUCPFVGP KP -QRGPJCIGP GTPCPPV +P FGTUGNDGP (WPMVKQP IKPI GT PCEJ 5VQEMJQNO YQ GT UKEJ KP FKG KPPGTUEJYGFKUEJGP 5VTGKVKIMGKVGP GKPOKUEJVG &GT UEJYGFKUEJG -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ + HQTFGTVG FCTCWHJKP UGKPG #DDGTWHWPI WPF UQ GPVUEJKGF FKG <CTKP 'NKUCDGVJ TGI FC -QTHH YKGFGT PCEJ -QRGPJCIGP XGTUGV\V YWTFG YQ GT WPVGT FGT 4GIKGTWPI FGT <CTKP -CVJCTKPC ++ XGTUVCTD

5469

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , % ) ,CGIGT CWH FGP 6TCPURQTV FGU )TCPKVHGNUGPU HÒT FCU /QPWOGPV 2GVGTU + $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF #PFTGCUQTFGP #PUKEJV FGU (GNUGPU FGT XQP XKGNGP 2GTUQPGP DGCTDGKVGV YKTF WOJGT \CJNTGKEJG <WUEJCWGT OO I &KCMQX 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

203

RUSSLAND

1,5:1

5470

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % .GDGTGEJV XGTOWVNKEJ UR·VGTG 2T·IWPI WO CWH FKG 'TTKEJVWPI FGT 4GKVGTUVCVWG 2GVGTU + CWH FGO 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT &GMCDTKUVGPRNCV\ CO #WIWUV $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGT MTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF #PFTGCUQTFGP #PUKEJV FGT 4GKVGTUVCVWG CWH GKPGO (GNUGP OO I &KCMQX 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T ,CJTG PCEJ UGKPGT 6JTQPDGUVGKIWPI NKG <CTKP -CVJCTKPC ++ HÒT <CT 2GVGT + FGP )TQGP CWH FGO 5V 2GVGTUDWTIGT &GMCDTKUVGPRNCV\ GKP 6QPPGP UEJYGTGU &GPMOCN CWH GKPGO (GNUDNQEM GTTKEJVGP HÒT FCU FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG $KNFJCWGT 'VKGPPG /CWTKEG (CNEQPGV \YÌNH ,CJTG DGPÌVKIVG &CU /QPWOGPV \GKIV FGP <CTGP \W 2HGTF FCU OKV FGP *KPVGTJWHGP GKPG 5EJNCPIG FKG (GKPFG FGU <CTGP KPUDGUQPFGTG 5EJYGFGP \GTVTKVV *GWVG \·JNV FCU &GPMOCN FCU #NGZCPFGT 2WUEJMKP CNU 'JGTPGT 4GKVGT FWTEJ FCU ÒDGTHNWVGVG 5V 2GVGTUDWTI TGKVGP NKG \W FGP DGFGWVGPFGP 5GJGPUYÒTFKIMGKVGP FGT 5VCFV

204

RUSSLAND

5471

#NGZCPFGT + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( 9 (CEKWU CWH FGP (ÒTUVGPMQPITG KP 'THWTV &KG $ÒUVGP 0CRQN¾QPU + WPF #NGZCPFGTU + GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG <GKV UEJTGKDV CWH GKPGP (GNUGP FGT XQP GKPGO )GPKWU IGJCNVGP YKTF \W FGP 5GKVGP FGT &QO XQP 'THWTV WPF FCU 5EJNQ XQP 9GKOCT OO I $TCOUGP &KCMQX 4 .GKV\OCPP D FQTV KP $TQP\G 5NI ,WNKWU 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

1,5:1

5472

1,5:1

-NGKPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP & ( QFGT ( 9 .QQU CWH FKG $GHTGKWPI $GTNKPU XQP FGP (TCP\QUGP FWTEJ FGP TWUUKUEJGP )GPGTCN #NGZCPFGT +YCPQYKVUEJ 6UEJGTPKUEJGH

Ó CO /·T\ 8KMVQTKC UEJYGDV N KP FGT 4GEJVGP (NCOOGPUEJYGTV KP FGT .KPMGP -TCP\ -QUCMG TGKVGV N OO I &KCMQX p /CTKGPD 5QOOGT # 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5473

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , .CPI CWH FCU $ÒPFPKU \YKUEJGP 4WNCPF 2TGWGP WPF ¤UVGTTGKEJ KO -CORH IGIGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG DGNQTDGGTVGP $ÒUVGP XQP (TCP\ + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ #NGZCPFGT + XQP 4WNCPF WPF (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ XQP 2TGWGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT T <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I &KCMQX 4 /CTKGPD 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 5GJT UEJÌP

5474

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & ( QFGT ( 9 .QQU CWH FCU $ÒPFPKU OKV 2TGWGP &KG WPKHQTOKGTVGP $TWUVDKNFGT <CT #NGZCPFGTU + WPF (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNOU +++ XQP 2TGWGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT &GPMUVGKP OKV FGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP XQP 4WNCPF WPF 2TGWGP FKG XQP GKPGT 'KEJGPIKTNCPFG WOTCPMV YGTFGP \W FGP 5GKVGP 9CHHGP OO I &KCMQX 4 /CTKGPD 5QOOGT # -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ 0CRQNGQPU IGUEJGKVGTVGO (GNF\WI IGIGP 4WNCPF WPF FGT XQP )GPGTCN ;QTEM GKIGPO·EJVKI TCVKHK\KGTVGP -QPXGPVKQP XQP 6CWTQIIGP UEJNQUUGP #NGZCPFGT + WPF (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ KP -CNKUEJ GKP $ÒPFPKU IGIGP 0CRQNGQP FGO FGT DGTÒJOVG #WHTWH FGU RTGWKUEJGP -ÌPKIU #P OGKP 8QNM HQNIVG &KG $GHTGKWPIUMTKGIG DGICPPGP

205

RUSSLAND

1,5:1

5475

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # 9CRRGPUVGKP CWH FGP 5KGIGU\WI FGT #NNKKGTVGP KO -CORH IGIGP 0CRQN¾QP WPF FGP (TKGFGPUUEJNW XQP 2CTKU #NGZCPFGT + XQP 4WNCPF (TCP\ + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ TGKVGP N ÒDGT FGP 'TFDCNN CWH FGO '7412# \W NGUGP KUV QDGP (COC OKV 2QUCWPG WPF .QTDGGTMTCP\ N \YKUEJGP 9QNMGP 5VTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG XQP FTGK OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPGP -TQPGP WOIGDGP WOJGT 9QNMGPDCPF OO I &KCMQX 4 /CTKGPD p 2CZ KP 0WOOKU p 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP FGT PCRQNGQPKUEJGP -TKGIG OKV $G\WI \W 4WNCPF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5477

5476

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ #PFTKGW CWH UGKPG #PYGUGPJGKV KP 2CTKU $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 8KMVQTKC UKV\V PCEJ N XQT GKPGO .QTDGGTDCWO WPF UEJTGKDV CWH GKPG 6CHGN OO I &KCMQX 4 5NI ,WNKWU 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

206

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 8GT\KGTVGU /QPQITCOO /KV ITCXKGTVGT 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I &KCMQX p 44 8QT\ÒINKEJG #TDGKV

RUSSLAND

5478

0KMQNCWU + $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNQP XQP , /CKPGTV CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIU LWDKN·WO &GT <CT UVGJV X X KP XQNNGT 7PKHQTO WPF OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN FGP -QRH JCNDT IGYCPFV FKG 4GEJVG CWH GKP $WEJ IGNGIV FC OKV GKPKIGP -TÌPWPIUKPUKIPKGP CWH GKPGO 6KUEJ NKGIV T JKPVGT KJO 6JTQPUGUUGN OKV /QPQITCOO )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV )GQTIUUEJKNF CWH FGT $TWUV HNKGIV X X ÒDGT )NQDWU OO &KCMQX p * %\ FQTV KP $NGK 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \WO -TKOMTKGI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

207

RUSSLAND

5479

#NGZCPFGT ++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , 9KGPGT CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGT 5V +UCCMU -CVJGFTCNG KP 5V 2GVGTUDWTI #WGPCPUKEJV FGT -CVJGFTCNG +PPGPCPUKEJV FGT -CVJGFTCNG OO I &KCMQX 4 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5480

#NGZCPFGT +++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # )TKNKEJGU LT CWH FKG 4GVVWPI FGT <CTGPHCOKNKG DGKO <WIWPINÒEM XQO 1MVQDGT &KG <CTGPHCOKNKG KP 4GKUGMNGKFWPI 'PIGN J·NV *CPF ÒDGT MPKGPFG (TCWGPIGUVCNV CWH FGO $QFGP NKGIGP -TÌPWPIUKPUKIPKGP KO #DUEJPKVV &CTUVGNNWPI FGU <WIWPINÒEMU OO I &KCMQX 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5481

208

0KMQNCWU ++ 5CVKTKUEJG XGTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV /C[GT WPF 9KNJGNO 5VWVVICTV CWH FKG *KPYGPFWPI FGT TWUUKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI CP FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 4GRWDNKM WPF FGP FCOKV XGTDWPFGPGP $TWEJ FGT CNVGP FGWVUEJ TWUUKUEJGP (TGWPFUEJCHV #NVGT TWUUKUEJGT 5QNFCV WPF /CTKCPPG UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT KJT TGEJVGT #TO NKGIV CWH FGT 5EJWNVGT FGU /CPPGU /KEJGN CWH )NQDWU KP 9QNMGP OO I 9WT\DCEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

RUSSLAND

5482

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP / 5MWFPQX CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU TWUUKUEJGP 0CVKQPCNFKEJVGTU #NGZCPFGT 5GTIGLGYKVUEJ 2WUEJMKP

Ó $ÒUVG FGU .[TKMGTU N #NVCT OKV #VVTKDWVGP FGT -ÒPUVG FCJKPVGT TCWEJGPFG 7TPG QDGP XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I &KCMQX -N -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5483

8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 0 &OKVTKGX CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU -CXCNNGTKGTGIKOGPVU XQP FGT )CTFG FGT -CKUGTKP /CTKC (GQFQTQYPC /GFCKNNQP FCTKP FCU IGJCTPKUEJVG $TWUVDKNF 2GVGTU + N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WOJGT HÒPH YGKVGTG /GFCKNNQPU OKV FGP $ÒUVGP XQP 0KMQNCWU ++ #NGZCPFGT + 2CWN + /CTKC 2CXNQXPC WPF #NGZCPFTC (GQFQTQYPC FC\YKUEJGP .QTDGGT WPF 'KEJGP \YGKIG QDGP IGMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV FGT ITKGEJKUEJG 9CRRGPUEJKNF WPVGP 5VCPFCTVGP 6TQOOGNP WPF 2QUCWPGP /KV 4CPF ITCXWT OO I &KCMQX 4 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP -TKGI IGIGP ,CRCP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

209

SOWJETUNION

5485 5484

5484

6TCIDCTG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP )[P·MQNQIGPMQPITG KP 5V 2GVGTU DWTI 4GKVGTFGPMOCN 2GVGTU FGU )TQGP \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UKV\V X X WPF J·NV \YGK 5·WINKPIG CWH KJTGO 5EJQ OO I &KCMQX p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPGP $GUWEJ KP $GTNKP -QRH N <7/ '+0<7) +0 $'4.+0 OO I &KCMQX 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5486

6TCIDCTG XGTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FCU $ÒPFPKU \YKUEJGP 4WNCPF )TQDTKVCP PKGP WPF (TCPMTGKEJ 'PVGPVG UQYKG FGP -TKGIUGKPVTKVV &KG WPKHQTOKGTVGP $TWUVDKNFGT )GQTIGU 8 -ÌPKI XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP 4C[OQPF 2QKPECT¾ 5VCCVURT·UKFGPV XQP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF 0KMQNCWU ++ PGDGPGKPCPFGT T ,G GKP DTKVKUEJGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT WPF TWUUKUEJGT 5QNFCV UVGJGP PCEJ N WPF YGTFGP XQP 8KMVQTKC DGMT·P\V /KV 4CPFRWP\G 59+55 OO I &KCMQX p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \WO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI WPF 4WNCPF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5487

&+' 519,'670+10

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP -CTPGV 2TCI CWH FKG 'TOQTFWPI FGU <CTGP 0KMQNCWU ++ 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 5V )GQTIUUEJKNF WOJGT FKG -GVVG FGU #PFTGCUQTFGPU CWH FGP (NÒIGNP LG XKGT YGKVGTG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG WPVGP HÒPH <GKNGP IGDQIGPG 5EJTKHV OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T $GK FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG JCPFGNV GU UKEJ XGTOWVNKEJ WO GKPG 2T·IWPI KO #WHVTCI FGT TWUUKUEJGP 4Q[CNKUVGP

'KPG $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG -·ORHG KP %JCTMQY HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 210

SOWJETUNION

5488

'KPUGKVKIG CEJVGEMKIG <KPPRNCMGVVG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP )GPGTCNUVCDUEJGH FGT 4QVGP #TOGG 8GTVGKFKIWPIUOKPKUVGT WPF /CTUEJCNN FGT 5QYLGVWPKQP )GQTIK -QPUVCPVKPQYKVUEJ 5EJWMQY

Ã&#x201C; 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF 5EJWMQYU X X FGP -QRH JCNDN IGYCPFV Z OO I 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

5489

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU TWUUKUEJGP $GITÃ&#x2019;PFGTU FGT OQFGTPGP -QUOQPCWVKM -QPUVCPVKP 'FWCTFQYKVUEJ <KQNMQYUMK

Ã&#x201C; $TWUVDKNF <KQNMQYUMKU JCNDT <KVCV <KQNMQYUMKU KP XKGT <GKNGP TWUUKUEJGT 5EJTKHV FCJKPVGT GKPG XQO 'TFDCNN UVCTVGPFG 4CMGVG OO I 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ &KG UKPPIGOÂ·ÂG ÂªDGTUGV\WPI FGU <KQNMQYUMK <KVCVGU NCWVGV 'U UVKOOV FKG 'TFG KUV FKG 9KGIG FGT /GPUEJJGKV CDGT FGT /GPUEJ MCPP PKEJV GYKI KP FGT 9KGIG DNGKDGP &CU 5QPPGPU[UVGO YKTF WPUGT -KPFGTICTVGPÅ&#x2039;

211

SOWJETUNION

5490

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 0 #MKOWUEJMKP CWH FGP TWUUKUEJGP 5VCCVUOCPP 9NCFKOKT +NLKVUEJ .GPKP

5KODKTUM Ó )QTMKL DGK /QUMCW -QRH .GPKPU JCNDT XQT YGJGPFGO 6WEJ &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT <YGKI OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ 9NCFKOKT +NLKVKUEJ .GPKP YCT FGT HÒJTGPFG -QRH FGT TWUUKUEJGP 4GXQNWVKQP 'T YCT \WINGKEJ 4GXQNWVKQP·T WPF 5VCCVUOCPP 0CEJ FGO 5VWFKWO FGT 4GEJVG YWTFG GT 4GEJVUCPYCNV +P 5V 2GVGTUDWTI ITÒPFGVG GT FGP -CORHDWPF \WT $GHTGKWPI FGT #TDGKVGTMNCUUG GKPGP 8QTN·WHGT FGT 5Q\KCNFGOQMTCVKUEJGP 2CTVGK 4WNCPFU 'T YWTFG PCEJ 5KDKTKGP XGTDCPPV +O ,CJTG IKPI GT \WUCOOGP OKV UGKPGT 'JGHTCW HTGKYKNNKI KPU 'ZKN #WH FGO 2CTVGKMQPITG FGT 5Q\KCNFGOQMTCVKUEJGP 2CTVGK 4WNCPFU KP .QPFQP URCNVGVG GT FKG 2CTVGK WPF ÒDGTPCJO FKG (ÒJTWPI FGU TCFKMCNGTGP /GJTJGKVUHNÒIGNU $QNUEJGYKMK 0CEJ #WUDTWEJ FGT 4WUUKUEJGP 4GXQNWVKQP MGJTVG .GPKP PCEJ 5V 2GVGTUDWTI \WTÒEM HNQJ PCEJ FGO 5EJGKVGTP 'PFG LGFQEJ YKGFGT KPU #WUNCPF WPF NGDVG XQT CNNGO KP FGT 5EJYGK\ 'T ICD FCU 1TICP FGT $QNUEJGYKMK FKG 2TCYFC 9CJTJGKV JGTCWU +O 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI PCJO GT CP -QPHGTGP\GP FGT 5Q\KCNKUVKUEJGP 2CTVGKGP 'WTQRCU VGKN 0CEJ FGT (GDTWCT 4GXQNWVKQP TGKUV GT OKV CPFGTGP 5Q\KCNKUVGP KO RNQODKGTVGP 'KUGPDCJPYCIIQP CWU FGO 5EJYGK\GT 'ZKN ÒDGT &GWVUEJNCPF WPF 5EJYGFGP PCEJ 4WNCPF WPF XGTÌHHGPVNKEJVG GKP TGXQNWVKQP·TGU #MVKQPURTQITCOO #RTKNVJGUGP 0CEJ FGO 5EJGKVGTP GKPGU #WHUVCPFGU VCWEJVG GT KP (KPPNCPF WPVGT WPF DGTGKVGVG FQTV W C OKV FGT 5EJTKHV 5VCCV WPF 4GXQNWVKQP FKG 1MVQDGT 4GXQNWVKQP KO 0QXGODGT XQT #NU 8QTUKV\GPFGT FGU 4CVU FGT 8QNMUMQOKUUCTG VTCV GT CP FKG 5RKV\G FGU 5VCCVGU 0CEJ 5EJNCICPH·NNGP WPF GKPGO #VVGPVCV FCU GT OKV UEJYGTGP 8GTNGV\WPIGP ÒDGTUVCPF YCT GT DKU \W UGKPGO 6QF RQNKVKUEJ YGKVIGJGPF JCPFNWPIU WPH·JKI 'T YWTFG XQP ,QUGH 9 5VCNKP INGKEJUCO MCPQPKUKGTV /CWUQNGWO DCNUCOKGTVG .GKEJG $GPGPPWPI XQP 1TVGP +PUVKVWVKQPGP 1TFGP PCEJ .GPKP &GT 5VCCV JCVVG GKPGP )QVV +P FKGUGO 5KPPG NCWVGV FKG 4ÒEMUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG ÒDGTUGV\V .GPKP NGDV GYKI

3WGNNG +OCPWGN )GKUU )GUEJKEJVG ITKHHDGTGKV

5491

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG \W 7P\GP WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG -QQRGTCVKQP 4WNCPFU OKV FGP 7 5 # HÒT FGP 0CVWTUEJWV\ <YGK KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG FCJKPVGT FKG COGTKMCPKUEJG WPF TWUUKUEJG (NCIIG $·TGPOWVVGT OKV KJTGO ,WPIGP OO I 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

212

SCHWEDEN

5492

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 5%*9'&'0

5%*9'&'0

'TKM :+8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO WPUKIPKGTV XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH UGKPG #DUGV\WPI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'KP \GTDTQEJGPGU 5EJYGTV NKGIV CWH GKPGO 6KUEJ OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 5VGPUVTÌO 00 4 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG #DUGV\WPI 5KIKUOWPFU +++ XQO UEJYGFKUEJGP 6JTQP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5493

5493 1,5:1

-CTN +: 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG &WTEJUGV\WPI XQP 4GEJV WPF 1TFPWPI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'KP CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFGT #TO J·NV GKP 5EJYGTV ÒDGT GKPGP #NVCT CWH FGO GKP CWHIGUEJNCIGPGU $WEJ NKGIV OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 5VGPUVTÌO 00 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5494

)WUVCX ++ #FQNH 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH FKG #WUUVCVVWPI FGT 7PKXGTUKV·V 7RRUCNC OKV )TWPFUVÒEMGP WPF PGWGP 2TKXKNGIKGP KO ,CJT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN /WUG UKV\V PCEJ N OKV .[TC WPF (ÒNNJQTP CWH 3WCFGT OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF + 5 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

213

SCHWEDEN

5433 1,5:1

214

SCHWEDEN

5499 1,5:1

215

SCHWEDEN

5496

5495

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP WPF RTQVGUVCPVKUEJGP 5KGI DGK $TGKVGPHGNF JGWVG 5VCFVVGKN XQP .GKR\KI CO 5GRVGODGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO 5GRVGODGT $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X KP XGT\KGTVGT -CTVWUEJG &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5EJNCEJV OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT NGKEJV HNGEMKIGT 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK $TGKVGPHGNF IGJÌTV \W FGP DGFGWVGPFUVGP #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP FGU &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGIGU 0CEJFGO FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP WPVGT 6KNN[ KP 5CEJUGP GKPIGHCNNGP YCTGP UEJNQ UKEJ -WTHÒTUV ,QJCPP )GQTI + CO 5GRVGODGT )WUVCX #FQNH XQP 5EJYGFGP CP #O 5GRVGODGT MCO GU IGIGP 7JT \WT 5EJNCEJV DGK $TGKVGPHGNF 1DYQJN FKG MCKUGTNKEJG 4GKVGTGK FKG WPIGÒDVGP 5CEJUGP UEJNWI VTWI NGV\VGPFNKEJ FKG RTQVGUVCPVKUEJG #TOGG FGP 5KGI FCXQP #WUUEJNCIIGDGPF JKGTHÒT YCT GKPG PGWG DGYGINKEJG -CORHYGKUG WPF FCU UV·TMGTG )GUEJÒV\ FGT 5EJYGFGP $TGKVGPHGNF YCT FGT GTUVG ITQG 5KGI FGT 2TQVGUVCPVGP WPF OCTMKGTVG GKPGP 9GPFGRWPMV KO &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGI 5KGJG CWEJ 0T

1XCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ( (GEJVGT CWH FKG UEJYGFKUEJ RTQVGUVCPVKUEJGP 5KGIG KP &GWVUEJNCPF KP FGP ,CJTGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV 5RKV\GPMTCIGP 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP \YGK CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG #TOG OKV 5EJYGTV WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI D\Y <GRVGT WPF 2CNO \YGKI FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGT 5VGTP \YKUEJGP Û &' 85 Û WPVGP -TQPG CWH $GTI XQP 9KPFGP WOIGDGP Z OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC NGKEJVG (CUUWPIUURWTGP UGJT UEJÌP

5497 5498

216

5498

5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG Q , #PHCPI FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU WPUKIPKGTV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGT MTCP\ 5RKV\GPMTCIGP WPF .ÌYGPMQRHUEJWNVGT )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP -ÌPKIKP /CTKC 'NGQPQTC Ó 6QEJVGT FGU -WTHÒTUVGP ,QJCPP 5KIKUOWPF XQP $TCPFGPDWTI TGI N OKV TGKEJGO 5EJOWEM WPF JQEJ CWHIGUVGNNVGO WPF XGT\KGTVGO 5RKV\GPMTCIGP OO I $TQEMOCPP FQTV HCNUEJG #DDKNFWPI *KNFGDTCPF + 5 5GJT UEJÌPGT 1TKIPCNIW

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 0 -KV\MCV\ CWH UGKPGP 6QF KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK .ÒV\GP CO 0QXGODGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X KP XGT\KGTVGT -CTVWUEJG #WHTGEJV UVGJGPFGU 5EJYGTV \YKUEJGP 2CNO WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI FCTÒDGT -TQPG QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU KO *KPVGTITWPF *CHGPNCPF UEJCHV OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 C (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

SCHWEDEN

5499

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH UGKP $GIT·DPKU KP FGT 4KFFCTJQNOUM[TMCP KP 5VQEMJQNO CO ,WPK &GT CWHIGDCJTVG -ÌPKI NKGIV KO 8QTFGTITWPF KO *KPVGTITWPF 5EJNCEJVU\GPG QDGP FGT 0COG ,GJQXCU ÒDGT GKPGO UKEJ \WO -ÌPKI JKP ÌHHPGPFGP 9QNMGPDCPF OKV 'PIGNP &GT -ÌPKI KO /CPVGN OKV 5EJYGTV WPF $WEJ FGT -ÌTRGT JCND KO *CTPKUEJ JCND CNU 5MGNGVV UKV\V JCNDN KP GKPGO XQP FTGK IGHNÒIGNVGP 2HGTFGP IG\QIGPGP 9CIGP ÒDGT UGKPGO -QRH GKP .QTDGGTMTCP\ FGT IGOGKPUCO XQP FGT NKPMU UVGJGPFGP 4GNKIKQPUHTGKJGKV WPF FGT TGEJVU UVGJGPFGP 6CRHGTMGKV IGJCNVGP YKTF 7PVGT FGO 9CIGP XKGNMÌRHKIG 5EJNCPIG .ÌYGPMQRH WPF IGHNÒIGNVG O·PPNKEJG )GUVCNV OO I &CX #

FQTV WPVGT 'THWTV CNU HCEJGT 4GKEJUVCNGT *KNFGDTCPF + 5 /CW¾ 44 -CDKPGVVUVÒEM +P ITÒPGO .GFGTGVWK KPPGP OKV 5COV DG\QIGP 2TCEJVXQNNG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI ,WNKWU *CICPFGT 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 7NH 0QTFNKPF /[PVJCPFGN #$ 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ UGKPGO 6QF CWH FGO 5EJNCEJVHGNF XQP .ÒV\GP CO 0QXGODGT YWTFG FGT .GKEJPCO )WUVCX ++ #FQNHU \WP·EJUV PCEJ 9GKGPHGNU WPF KO (TÒJNKPI PCEJ 9QNICUV CWH FKG +PUGN 7UGFQO IGDTCEJV +O ,WNK ÒDGTHÒJTVG FGT UEJYGFKUEJG #FOKTCN )[NNGPJLGNO FGP .GKEJPCO PCEJ 5EJYGFGP WPF NCPFGVG CO #WIWUV KP 0[MÌRKPI *KGT DNKGD FGT -ÌTRGT DKU \WT (GTVKIUVGNNWPI FGU )TCDFGPMOCNU KP FGT 5VQEMJQNOGT 4KFFCTJQNOUM[TMC &CU HGKGTNKEJG $GIT·DPKU HCPF CO ,WPK UVCVV &KGUGU /GKUVGTUVÒEM FGU YQJN DGICDVGUVGP 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTU UGKPGT <GKV 5GDCUVKCP &CFNGT KUV IGHÒNNV OKV #NNGIQTKGP WPF #PURKGNWPIGP CWH FKG *GNFGPJCHVKIMGKV )WUVCX ++ #FQNH &GT 6GZV GTN·WVGTV FKG 5\GPG VGKNYGKUG ªDGT FGP JKPVGT FGO CWHIGDCJTVGP -ÌPKI HNKGJGPFGP MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP UVGJV 8'. /14677/ (7)+706 5KG HNKGJGP XQT KJO CWEJ PCEJ FGO 6QF Y·JTGPF CWU FGO *KOOGN FGO VQVGP -ÌPKI \WIGTWHGP YKTF '7)' 5'48' (+&'.+5

)WV IGOCEJV VTGWGT &KGPGT &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPNGIGPFG \·JNV FKG 'KIGPUEJCHVGP FGU ITQGP 5EJYGFGPMÌPKIU CWH &7: ).14+15=WU? 'JTGPJCHVGT *GGTHÒJTGT 24+0%=GRU? 2+75 (TQOOGT (ÒTUV *'415 +08+%6=WU?

7PDGUKGIVGT *GNF 8+%614 +0%1/2#4#$=KNKU? 7PXGTINGKEJNKEJGT 5KGIGT )'4/=CPKCG? .+$'4#614 $GHTGKGT &GWVUEJNCPFU

217

SCHWEDEN

5500

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH )WUVCX ++ #FQNH )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 5RKV\GPMTCIGP WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .ÌYG OKV TWPFGO 5EJKNF WPF GTJQDGPGO 5EJYGTV UEJTGKVGV PCEJ N ÒDGT 9CHHGPJCWHGP OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 9QJNHCJTV 0CEJ VTCI 5 0T 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &C %JTKUVKCP 9GTOWVJ CNU )GDWTVULCJT )WUVCX ++ #FQNHU KTTKIGTYGKUG CPPCJO UEJWH GT \WO XGTOGKPVNKEJ )GDWTVUVCI FGU ITQGP 5EJYGFGPMÌPKIU FKGUG /GFCKNNG &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV NCWVGV )166'5(84%*6 8 *'.&'0/86* +56 &'4 5%*9'&'0 '+)0'5 )86

5501

1,5:1

%JTKUVKPC 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH KJTG 0CEJHQNIG PCEJ FGO 6QF KJTGU 8CVGTU )WUVCX ++ #FQNH KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK .ÒV\GP CO 0QXGODGT $TWUVDKNF FGT FGUKIPKGTVGP -ÌPKIKP %JTKUVKPC KP TGKEJGT 6TCEJV WPF OKV 5VTCJNGPMTQPG JCNDN 2JÌPKZ UVGKIV CWU GKPGO CWH GKPGT -NKRRG IGDCWVGP 5EJGKVGTJCWHGP CWH WOJGT /GGT OKV YGKVGTGP (GNUGPKPUGNP OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 /CW¾ 4 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC $GTGKVU CO &G\GODGT JCVVG FGT UEJYGFKUEJG 4GKEJUVCI FKG FCOCNU GKP ,CJT CNVG 6QEJVGT XQP )WUVCX ++ #FQNH WPF /CTKC 'NGQPQTC \WT 6JTQPHQNIGTKP GTMN·TV HCNNU FGT -ÌPKI QJPG O·PPNKEJG 0CEJMQOOGP UVGTDGP UQNNVG &KGUG 'TMN·TWPI YWTFG GTPGWGTV DGXQT KJT 8CVGT )WUVCX ++ #FQNH PCEJ &GWVUEJNCPF KP FGP )TQGP -TKGI \QI 0CEJ UGKPGO 6QF KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK .ÒV\GP YWTFG %JTKUVKPC -ÌPKIKP \WP·EJUV WPVGT 8QTOWPFUEJCHV DKU 'U IGNCPI KJT 5EJYGFGPU )TQOCEJVUVGNNWPI KO 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP \W UKEJGTP 5KG HÌTFGTVG FKG 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP WPF \QI CWUN·PFKUEJG )GNGJTVG CP KJTGP *QH PCEJ 5VQEMJQNO 0CEJ KJTGO 6JTQPXGT\KEJV NGDVG UKG KP 4QO WPF MQPXGTVKGTVG \WO -CVJQNK\KUOWU 5GDCUVKCP &CFNGT JCVVG KP FGP 4ÒEMUGKVGPUVGORGN FKG 7OUEJTKHV 2*1'0+: 2*1'0+%+5 )756#8+ ' (70'4# 0#6# &GT 2JQGPKZ YKTF CWU FGT #UEJG FGU 2JQGPKZ )WUVCX IGDQTGP IGUEJPKVVGP WPF XGTUWEJVG UR·VGT FKG ITCOOCVKMCNKUEJ KPMQTTGMVG 'PFWPI # XQP (70'4# KP FKG TKEJVKIG #DNCVKX 'PFNWPI ' WO\WUEJPGKFGP YCU CWH FGO XQTNKGIGPFGP 5VÒEM FGWVNKEJ YKTF /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP 8GTVTCI XQP 5VWJOUFQTH OKV 2QNGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

218

1,5:1

SCHWEDEN

1,5:1

5502

5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 5GGUKGI ÒDGT FKG &·PGP DGK (GJOCTP CO 1MVQDGT WPF FKG 'TMN·TWPI KJTGT 8QNNOÒPFKIMGKV KO 5VQEMJQNOGT 4GKEJUTCV CO &G\GODGT 5EJYGFKUEJG WPF F·PKUEJG -TKGIUUEJKHHG KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK (GJOCTP &KG -ÌPKIKP KO /CPVGN OKV +PUKIPKGP UVGJV XQT 6JTQP OKV XGT\KGTVGO *KOOGN CWH FGP 5VWHGP NKGIV FGT IGMTÌPVG UEJYGFKUEJG 4GKEJUUEJKNF N UVGJGP FKG HÒPH 8QTOÒPFGT T FKG 4GKEJUVCIURT·UKFGPVGP FGT XKGT 5V·PFG KO 8QTFGTITWPF YGKVGTG 2GTUQPGP OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 /CW¾ 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ #O &G\GODGT GKPGP 6CI XQT FGO )GDWTVUVCI FGT 6JTQPHQNIGTKP %JTKUVKPC GTUVCVVGVG FGT 4GKEJUXQTOWPF #ZGN 1ZGPUVKGTPC KO 0COGP FGT CWH FGT /GFCKNNG NKPMU \W UGJGPFGP 8QTOWPFUEJCHVUTGIKGTWPI &TQUV /CTUEJCNN #FOKTCN -CP\NGT WPF 5EJCV\OGKUVGT $GTKEJV ÒDGT UGKPG 8GTYCNVWPI UGKV WPF YWTFG XQP %JTKUVKPC GPVNCUVGV +P #PYGUGPJGKV FGT CWH FGT /GFCKNNG TGEJVU \W UGJGPFGP XKGT 4GKEJUUV·PFG DGUV·VKIVG %JTKUVKPC FKG $GHWIPKUUG FGU 4GKEJUTCVGU WPF GTOWVKIVG FCU )TGOKWO \W 4CVUEJN·IGP DG\ÒINKEJ KJTGT 4GIKGTWPI UGNDUV YGPP FKGUG 8QTUEJN·IG HÒT UKG UGNDUV WPCPIGPGJO UGKGP #WH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FKGUGU YGKVGTGP /GKUVGTUVÒEMU FGU &CP\KIGT /GFCKNNGWTU 5GDCUVKCP &CFNGT YKTF KP FGT 7OUEJTKHV \WO UEJYGFKUEJGP 5GGUKGI DGK FGT +PUGN (GJOCTP DGOGTMV #8)856#' 24'0&+6 &8/ 5%'264# 216'06+# .#841 %+0)+6 5#%4#68/ $#.6+%# 28)0# %#286 9·JTGPF FKG /CEJV FGT MÌPKINKEJGP *QJGKV PCEJ FGO <GRVGT ITGKHV YKPFGV FKG 5EJNCEJV KP FGT 1UVUGG GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ WO KJT JGKNKIGU *CWRV 219

SCHWEDEN

5503

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH KJTG )GTCFNKPKIMGKV $TWUVDKNF T OKV *CCTDCPF .KPGCN WOJGT ITKGEJKUEJG 7OUEJTKHV OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC 5VGORGNHGJNGT CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI FGT (TGKJGTTGP $QPFG 'TKEUDGTI 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 0QTFNKPF 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KGUG MNGKPG /GFCKNNG OKV GKPGO MNCUUKUEJGP 2QTVT·V KO 2TQHKN FCU CP ITKGEJKUEJG /ÒP\GP GTKPPGTV JCV GKP 4GXGTU OKV GKPGT DGUQPFGTGP 5[ODQNKM &GT SWGTXGTNCWHGPFG $CNMGP UVGNNV GKP .KPGCN FCT FCU FKG )GTCFNKPKIMGKV FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIKP XGTUKPPDKNFNKEJGP UQNN 0GDGP CPFGTGP ITÌGTGP WPF RT·EJVKIGTGP /GFCKNNGP XQP %JTKUVKPC JCV FKGUGU 5VÒEM FCU DGUQPFGTG +PVGTGUUG FGU 5COONGTU IGYGEMV CWEJ YGIGP FGT -QPXGTUKQP %JTKUVKPCU \WO -CVJQNK \KUOWU 2CRUV #NGZCPFGT 8++ DGVTCEJVGVG FGP ªDGTVTKVV FGT -ÌPKIKP CNU R·RUVNKEJGP 'THQNI 5KGJG CWEJ 0T

1,5:1

5504

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH KJTG #DFCPMWPI KO 4GKEJUUCCN FGU 5EJNQUUGU XQP 7RRUCNC CO ,WPK $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'KP 2GICUWU URTKPIV XQP GKPGO )KRHGN FGU $GTIGU 2CTPCUU \WO CPFGTGP OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 5VGPUVTÌO 00 4 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI FGT (TGKJGTTGP $QPFG 'TKEUDGTI 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 0QTFNKPF 1UPCDTÒEM 0T $GTGKVU JCVVG FKG IGTCFG GTUV IGMTÌPVG -ÌPKIKP %JTKUVKPC OKV FGO )GFCPMGP IGURKGNV FKG -TQPG PKGFGT\WNGIGP MQPPVG CDGT XQP 4GKEJUMCP\NGT #ZGN 1ZGPUVKGTPC \WP·EJUV \WT #WHICDG FKGUGU 8QTJCDGPU DGYGIV YGTFGP &KG CWGTQTFGPVNKEJ IGDKNFGVG WPF YKDGIKGTKIG -ÌPKIKP KPVGTGUUKGTVG UKEJ DGK YGKVGO OGJT HÒT 9KUUGPUEJCHV -WPUV WPF -WNVWT CNU HÒT FCU RQNKVKUEJG 6CIGUIGUEJGJGP 0CEJ \GJPL·JTKIGT 4GIKGTWPI UGV\VG %JTKUVKPC KJTGP 2NCP KP FKG 9KTMNKEJMGKV WO #O ,WPK VTCV UKG KO 4GKEJUUCCN FGU 5EJNQUUGU XQP 7RRUCNC KP XQNNGT -ÌPKIUVTCEJV XQT FKG 5V·PFG JKGNV GKPG GTITGKHGPFG #DUEJKGFUTGFG WPF NGIVG FKG 4GICNKGP HGKGTNKEJ CWH GKPGO 6KUEJ PKGFGT &CPCEJ UVKGI UKG XQO 6JTQP JGTCD WPF JKGNV GKPG #PURTCEJG CP FGP XQP KJT CWUGTMQTGPGP 6JTQPHQNIGT KJTGP FGWVUEJGP %QWUKP FGP 2HCN\ITCH -CTN )WUVCX FGP UKG XGTIGDNKEJ CWHHQTFGTVG UQHQTV PQEJ XQT FGT -TÌPWPI KJTGP 6JTQP GKP\WPGJOGP 5KG PCJO PKEJV CP FGT PQEJ CO UGNDGP 6CI UVCVVHKPFGPFGP -TÌPWPI KJTGU 8GVVGTU \WO -ÌPKI -CTN : )WUVCX VGKN WPF XGTNKG 5VQEMJQNO DGTGKVU CO ,WPK WO ÒDGT *CODWTI 4KEJVWPI 5ÒFGP \W TGKUGP 0CEJFGO UKG KO &G\GODGT KP $TÒUUGN XQT <GWIGP IGJGKO \WO -CVJQNK\KUOWU MQPXGTVKGTV YCT XQNN\QI UKG FKGUGP 5EJTKVV ÌHHGPVNKEJ CO 0QXGODGT KP FGT +PPUDTWEMGT *QHMKTEJG (ÒT FKG -CVJQNKMGP YCT FGT ªDGTVTKVV KO <GKVCNVGT FGT )GIGPTGHQTOCVKQP GKP ITQGT 6TKWORJ

220

5504

SCHWEDEN

5505

5506

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH FKG -ÌPKIKP WPF KJTGP 8CVGT )WUVCX ++ #FQNH $TWUV DKNF %JTKUVKPCU T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU -ÌPKIU )WUVCX ++ #FQNH T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 FQTV WPVGT )WUVCX ++ #FQNH 5VGPUVTÌO 00 LGYGKNU 8QTFGTUGKVG -N -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI FGT (TGKJGTTGP $QPFG 'TKEUDGTI 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 0QTFNKPF 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) $ )WINKGNOCFC CWH KJTG #DNGJPWPI FGU +TFKUEJGP WPF KJTG 5GJPUWEJV PCEJ GVYCU 8QNNMQOOGPGTGO $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'KP 2CTCFKGUXQIGN HNKGIV T ÒDGT 9QNMGP OO I $KNFV 6H :+ 6H : *KNFGDTCPF + 5 C 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT NGKEJV HNGEMKIGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI FGT (TGKJGTTGP $QPFG 'TKEUDGTI 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 0QTFNKPF 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT 2CTCFKGUXQIGN FGT NCWV .GIGPFG MGKPG (ÒG JCV PKGOCNU CWH FGT 'TFG NCPFGP MCPP WPF HQNINKEJ GYKI KP FGP .ÒHVGP UEJYGDV YCT FCU RCUUGPFG 5KPPDKNF HÒT FCU 5VTGDGP %JTKUVKPCU PCEJ GVYCU *ÌJGTGO &KG 7OUEJTKHV DGVQPV /+ 0+*+. +0 6'44+5 /KT IGJÌTV PKEJVU CWH 'TFGP

5507

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP ) $ )WINKGNOCFC CWH KJTG #DFCPMWPI KO ,CJT $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN KP FGP *CCTGP XGTUVGEMV FKG 5KIPCVWT )( &KG DCTHÒKIG 8KMVQTKC UEJTGKVGV N CWH FGO 'TFDCNN KP FGT .KPMGP 2CNO\YGKI OKV FGT 4GEJVGP J·NV UKG GKPGP .QTDGGT MTCP\ ÒDGT UKEJ \W FGP 5GKVGP ) & )NQTKC &GQ OO I $KNFV 6H :+++ 6H :8+ *KNFGDTCPF + 5 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI OKP 5VGORGNHGJNGT CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI FGT (TGKJGTTGP $QPFG 'TKEUDGTI 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 0QTFNKPF 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV 8+%614+# /#:+/# FGT ITÌVG 5KGI DGFGWVGV FC XQP CNNGP DGFGWVGPFGP OKNKV·TKUEJGP WPF RQNKVKUEJGP 'THQNIGP FGT -ÌPKIKP %JTKUVKPC KJTG 'PVUEJGKFWPI CO YKEJVKIUVGP YCT \WIWPUVGP XQP 9KUUGPUEJCHV -WPUV WPF -WNVWT CWH FKG 4GIKGTWPI \W XGT\KEJVGP

221

SCHWEDEN

5508

-CTN : )WUVCX 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH UGKPG 6CRHGTMGKV KO 0QTFKUEJGP -TKGI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN *GTMWNGU GTUEJN·IV OKV UGKPGT -GWNG GKPGP XKGNMÌRHKIGP &TCEJGP OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 5VGPUVTÌO

00 4 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 9GKN FKG &·PGP FKG (TKGFGPUDGUVKOOWPIGP XQP 4QUMKNFG PWT UGJT UEJNGRRGPF WPF \WTÒEMJCNVGPF CWUHÒJTVGP GTPGWGTVG FGT UEJYGFKUEJG -ÌPKI -CTN : )WUVCX DGTGKVU KO #WIWUV FKG -TKGIUJCPFNWPIGP WPIGCEJVGV FGT &TQJWPIGP FWTEJ FKG #NNKKGTVGP &·PGOCTMU 4WNCPF 2QNGP $TCPFGPDWTI FGT -CKUGT WPF FKG 0KGFGTNCPFG &KG 7OUEJTKHV FGT /GFCKNNG NCWVGV 0'% 08/'48/ *144'5%+6 8+4685 &KG 6CRHGTMGKV YKTF PKEJV FWTEJ FKG #P\CJN =FGT (GKPFG? GTUEJTGEMV 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FKGUGP -QPHNKMV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5509

-CTN :+ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGT 7PK XGTUKV·V XQP .WPF CO ,CPWCT $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN /KPGTXC UVGJV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5RGGT KP FGT .KPMGP 5EJKNF OO (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF + 5 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &KG )TÒPFWPI FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP 7PKXGTUKV·V KP .WPF UQNNVG CWEJ FC\W FKGPGP FKG PGWGP .CPFGUVGKNG 5EJQPGP *CNNCPF WPF $NGMKPIG UEJPGNNGT \W KPVGITKGTGP

5510

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH FKG 8GTNGKJWPI FGU GPINKUEJGP *QUGPDCPFQTFGPU FWTEJ -ÌPKI %JCTNGU ++ CP FGP FTGK\GJPL·JTKIGP UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKI -CTN :+ CO ,WNK 5V )GQTI TGKVGV N WPF VÌVGV FGP &TCEJGP OKV FGT .CP\G &KG IGMTÌPVGP FQRRGNVGP /QPQ ITCOOG FGU GPINKUEJGP WPF FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIU LGYGKNU % FWTEJ FCU $CPF FGU *QUGPDCPFQTFGPU XGTDWPFGP OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 5VGPUVTÌO 00 XCT 5GJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT OKV FWPMNGT 2CVKPC #NU 5EJYGFGP KO ,CPWCT OKV 'PINCPF WPF FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP FKG UQIGPCPPVG 6TKRGNCNNKCP\ IGIGP FGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5QPPGPMÌPKI GKPIKPI YWTFG FGT PQEJ OKPFGTL·JTKIG UEJYGFKUEJG -ÌPKI -CTN :+ XQO GPINKUEJGP -ÌPKI %JCTNGU ++ \WO 4KVVGT FGU *QUGPDCPFQTFGPU GTPCPPV &KG +PUKIPKGP YWTFGP FGO &TGK\GJPL·JTKIGP CO ,WNK XQO GPINKUEJGP $QVUEJCHVGT %CTNKUNG ÒDGTTGKEJV

/GFCKNNGP CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJ DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJGP -TKGI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP 222

SCHWEDEN

5512

5511

5513

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # /G[DWUEJ CWH FKG UEJYGFKUEJGP 5KGIG ÒDGT FKG &·PGP DGK *CNOUVCF CO #WIWUV DGK .WPF CO &G\GODGT WPF DGK .CPFUMTQPC CO ,WNK )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF CPVKMGO *GNO CP FGO (GFGTP GKP .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF GKPG .ÌYGPOCUMG CPIGDTCEJV UKPF ,WRKVGT OKV GKPGO $NKV\DÒPFGN UEJYGDV X X KP 9QNMGP WPF J·NV UGKPG .KPMG UEJÒV\GPF ÒDGT FKG CWH GKPGO $GTIIKRHGN NKGIGPFG UEJYGFKUEJG -TQPG CO (WG FGU $GTIGU UVÒT OGP HGKPFNKEJG -TKGIGT KP CPVKMGP 4ÒUVWPIGP JGTCP CO $QFGP NKGIGP 8GTNGV\VG /KV GTJCDGPGT 4CPF UEJTKHV OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG 4CPFUEJTKHV NCWVGV c c 1227)0#$+6 &1/+075 1227)0#614'5 /'15 i #001 Û &+' #7) Ù '6 &'% Ù #Q Ü & +7.++ c &GT *GTT UQNN FKG CPITGKHGP FKG OKEJ CPITGKHGP = ?

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 5EJPGKFGT CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP .WPF \YKUEJGP 5EJYGFGP WPF &·PGOCTM CO 5GRVGODGT WPF FKG FCTKP XGTGKPDCTVG 8GTNQDWPI XQP -CTN :+ OKV 7NTKMC 'NGQPQTC FGT 5EJYGUVGT FGU F·PKUEJGP -ÌPKIU %JTKUVKCP 8 5VTCJNGPFG 2[TCOKFG OKV FGT +PUEJTKHV (4 +' &' WPF FTGK -TQPGP WOJGT KP GKPGO 4CJOGP 8.4 +%# '.'1 014# FCTÒDGT WPF FCTWPVGT FCU (TKGFGPUFCVWO ::8+ 5'2 /&%.::+: FCPGDGP \YGK \WUCOOGPIGDWPFGPG 2CNO\YGKIG OKV FGP 0COGP FGU F·PKUEJGP WPF FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIU /GTMWT OKV 5VCD WPF )GNFDGWVGN HNKGIV PCEJ N ÒDGT -ÒUVGPNCPFUEJCHV CWU UGKPGO /WPF GTUEJGKPV KP 5RKGIGNUEJTKHV NCWVGT HTGWFG OO I )CNUVGT *KNFGDTCPF + 5 2CZ KP 0WOOKU #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI %JTKUVQRJGT 5EJPGKFGT XGTYGPFGVG HÒT FKG 4ÒEMUGKVG FKGUGT /GFCKNNG FGP 8QTFGTUGKVGPUVGORGN GKPGT XQP KJO \W #PHCPI FGUUGNDGP ,CJTGU IGUEJCHHGPGP UCVKTKUEJGP /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 8GTVTGKDWPI FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP 6TWRRGP CWU 1UVRTGWGP FKG GT LGFQEJ XQTUKEJVKIGTYGKUG YKG OGKUV DGK UCVKTKUEJGP 2T·IWPIGP PKEJV UKIPKGTV JCVVG 'T UGV\VG HÒT FKG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG PQEJ FGP #WUURTWEJ /GTMWTU .CWVGT (TGWFG JKP\W &KG CWH FGT /GFCKNNG \W UGJGPFG .CPFUEJCHV UVGNNV UQOKV FKG RTGWKUEJG 0GJTWPIUNCPFUEJCHV FCT FKG CDGT XGTOWVNKEJ KO XQTNKGIGPFGP <WUCOOGPJCPI CNU ¤TGUWPF XGTUVCPFGP YWTFG

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP %JT 5EJPGKFGT CWH FKG *KNHG (TCPMTGKEJU DGK FGT &WTEJUGV\WPI FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP +PVGTGUUGP KP FGP (TKGFGPUUEJNÒUUGP XQP *CJP UVGJV PCEJ N CWH UEJYGFKUEJGO 4GKEJUCRHGN KO *KPVGTITWPF -ÒUVGPNCPFUEJCHV +P GKPGO (GNF GKPG CWHIGUVGNNVG -QTP ICTDG FCTCWH FKG UEJYGFKUEJGP 4GICNKGP -TQPG 4GKEJUCRHGN <GRVGT WPF 5EJYGTV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT )CNUVGT 1UUDCJT 2CZ KP 0WOOKU (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC .QWKU :+8 JCVVG OKV 9CHHGPIGYCNV FCHÒT IGUQTIV FC 5EJYGFGP PCEJ $GGPFKIWPI FGU 5EJQPKUEJGP -TKGIGU XQP &·PGOCTM WPF $TCPFGPDWTI DGKPCJG CNNG XGTNQTGPIGICPIGPGP )GDKGVG \WTÒEMGTJKGNV 5GJT UCTMCUVKUEJ YKTF CWH FKGUGT 5RQVVRT·IWPI FCTIGUVGNNV FC FKG (GFGTP FGU ICNNKUEJGP *CJPU UEJÒV\GPF ÒDGT FGO UEJYGFKUEJGP 4GKEJUCRHGN TWJGP

223

SCHWEDEN

5514

5516

5515

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH UGKPGP $GUWEJ KP FGT 5KNDGTITWDG XQP 5CNC CO #WIWUV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )TWDGPCWHTK OKV $GTICTDGKVGTP KO (ÒNNQTV UKPF UKGDGP $GUWEJGT \W UGJGP KO 5EJCEJV J·PIGP \YGK -ÒDGN CO (ÌTFGTUGKN QDGP UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 /ÒUGNGT 5VGPUVTÌO 00 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ +P $GINGKVWPI UGKPGU (TGWPFGU (TGKJGTT (CDKCP 9TGFG 2T·UKFGPV FGU $GTIMQNNGIKWOU UVKGI -ÌPKI -CTN :+ CO #WIWUV KP FKG 5KNDGTITWDG XQP 5CNC 8·UVOCPNCPF JKPCD WPF DGUKEJVKIVG FCU $GTIYGTM FCU PQEJ JGWVG FKG DGFGWVGPFUVG 5GJGPUYÒTFKIMGKV FGT 4GIKQP KUV <W FGP #VVTCMVKQPGP IGJÌTV FKG 6QPPG OKV FGT -ÌPKI -CTN :+ KP FKG )TWDG JGTWPVGTIGHCJTGP KUV &KG 4CPFUEJTKHV FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG GTN·WVGTV 4': %1/+6#06' %1/=GU? ( 84'&' %=QNNGIKK? /=GVCNNKEK? 2=TCGUKFG? +0 #4)=GPVK? (1&=KPCO? 5' &'/+5=KV? # & #8) &GT -ÌPKI KUV CO #WIWUV KP $GINGKVWPI XQP )TCH 9TGFG 2T·UKFGPV FGU $GTIMQNNGIKWOU KP FKG 5KNDGTITWDG JKPCDIGHCJTGP

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP )GPGTCN 0KNU $KGNMG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

-CTN :++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH FGP 6QF FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP )GPGTCN CFLWVCPVGP -PWV .GKLQPJWHXWF

KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK 0CTXC CO 0QXGODGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )GPGTCNCFLWVCPVGP T #WHTGEJV PCEJ N UVGJGPFGT UEJYGFKUEJGT .ÌYG OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF GTJQDGPGO 5EJYGTV OO I *[EMGTV :8++ 5 5VGPUVTÌO 00 4 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG /GFCKNNG YWTFG KO #WHVTCI XQP (TGKJGTT #ZGN )CDTKGN .GKLQPJWHXWF FGO 8CVGT FGU KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK 0CTXC CO 0QXGODGT IGHCNNGPGP )GPGTCNCFLWVCPVGP -PWV .GKLQPJWHXWF IGRT·IV &CU 5VÒEM YWTFG CNU 'TKPPGTWPI DGK FGT $GGTFKIWPI KP FGT 5VQEMJQNOGT 4KFFCTJQNOUM[TMC CO &G\GODGT XGTVGKNV

224

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) *CWVUEJ 0ÒTPDGTI CWH UGKPGP 'KP\WI KP 'NDKPI CO &G\GO DGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO &G\GODGT WPF CWH UGKPG -TKGIUGTHQNIG KP FGP ,CJTGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU *ÒHVDKNF HCUV X X KP FGT 4GEJVGP -QOOCPFQUVCD FKG .KPMG CO 5EJYGTVITKHH WPVGP -CTVWUEJG OKV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 5EJYGTV WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI IGMTGW\V FCXQT FTGK -TQPGP WO JGT UGEJU -CTVWUEJGP OKV FGP 0COGP WPF &CVGP FGT -TKGIUGTHQNIG OO I &WVMQYUMK 5WEJCPGM * %\ 4 *KNFGDTCPF + 5 5NI 'TNCPIGT p 4 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC OKP 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP

SCHWEDEN

5517

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ) *CWVUEJ 0ÒTPDGTI CWH UGKPG -TKGIUGTHQNIG KP FGP ,CJTGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF .ÌYGPMQRHUEJWNVGT &GT UEJYGFKUEJG .ÌYG UEJTGKVGV N WPF GTJGDV FTQJGPF FKG 8QTFGTRTCPMGP WPVGP FCU UEJYGFKUEJG 4GKEJUYCRRGP \YKUEJGP 2CNO WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 5NI 'TNCPIGT p 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP PQTFKUEJGP -TKGI IGIGP 4WNCPF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP #NVTCPUV·FV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5518

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FCU 'ZKN FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIU KO VÒTMKUEJGP $GPFGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF .ÌYGPMQRHUEJWNVGT 5EJNCHGPFGT .ÌYG NKGIV PCEJ N XQT GKPGT $WEJV OKV $QQVGP KO *KPVGTITWPF VÒTMKUEJG /QUEJGG XQT GKPGO $GTI FCTÒDGT 5VGTPGPJKOOGN OO I (QTUVGT *KNFGDTCPF + 5 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 0CEJ FGT MCVCUVTQRJCNGP 0KGFGTNCIG DGK 2QNVCYC CO ,WNK \QI -CTN :++ OKV FGO MNGKPGP 4GUV UGKPGU *GGTGU PCEJ 5ÒFGP 'T ÒDGTSWGTVG FGP &PLGRT WPF OCTUEJKGTVG DKU $GPFGT TWO·PKUEJ 6KIJKPC JGWVG KP /QNFCYKGP 6TCPUPKUVTKGP &QTV YWTFG GT XQP FGP 6ÒTMGP HTGWPFNKEJ GORHCPIGP 'T NKG HÒT UKEJ WPF UGKPG .GWVG )GD·WFG GTTKEJVGP WPF GVCDNKGTVG UKEJ HÒT OGJTGTG ,CJTG #WH FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG YKTF FKG HTGWPFNKEJG *CNVWPI FGT 6ÒTMGP JGTXQTIGJQDGP 2'4 #/+%# 5+.'06+# .80#' +P FGT HTGWPFNKEJGP 4WJG FGU *CNDOQPFU +O #DUEJPKVV JGKV GU YCTPGPF ÒDGT FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP .ÌYGP -CTN :++ 1%8.+5 &14/+6#6 #2'46+5 'T UEJN·HV OKV QHHGPGP #WIGP

5519

1,5:1

-NGKPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH FCU 'ZKN FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIU -CTN :++ KO VÒTMKUEJGP $GPFGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN KP QXCNGT 'KPHCUUWPI 5EJNCHGPFGT .ÌYG NKGIV PCEJ T OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 9QJNHCJTV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JÒDUEJGT 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ &KG /GFCKNNGPUWKVG 9GTOWVJU CWH FCU 'ZKN FGU 5EJYGFGPMÌPKIU OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 7OUEJTKHVGP YWTFG YQJN XQP GKPGO 5EJYGFGP PCOGPU XQP *ÌRMGP KP #WHVTCI IGIGDGP #WH FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG GTN·WVGTV FKG .GIGPFG KN FQTV CRT½U VCPV FGU HCVKIWGU 'T UEJN·HV PCEJ UQ XKGNGP /ÒJGP

225

SCHWEDEN

5520

5520 1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # -CTNUVGGP WPF $ 9GUVOCP CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 5KGI WPVGT (ÒJTWPI FGU (GNFOCTUEJCNNU /CIPWU 5VGPDQEM

Ó ÒDGT GKP F·PKUEJ U·EJUKUEJGU *GGT DGKO OGEMNGP DWTIKUEJGP )CFGDWUEJ CO &G\GODGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO &G\GODGT $ÒUVG T &GT 5QPPGPIQVV H·JTV T KP GKPGT 3WCFTKIC ÒDGT FGO 6KGTMTGKU\GKEJGP FGU 5VGKPDQEMU FCTWPVGT 9QNMGP WPF .CPFUEJCHV OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 #PO 5VGPUVTÌO 00 8QTFGTUGKVG 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI FGT (TGKJGTTGP $QPFG 'TKEUDGTI 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 0QTFNKPF 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ ITQGP #PUVTGPIWPIGP YCT GU FGO UEJYGFKUEJGP *GGTHÒJTGT /CIPWU 5VGPDQEM PCEJ FGT 8GTVTGKDWPI FGT &·PGP CWU 5EJQPGP IGNWPIGP CWUTGKEJGPFG 6TWRRGP \WUCOOGP\WUVGNNGP WPF CWU\WTÒUVGP WO KO 5GRVGODGT PCEJ 2QOOGTP ÒDGT\WUGV\GP &QTV YQNNVG GT FKG XGTNQTGPGP UEJYGFKUEJGP $GUKV\WPIGP \WTÒEMIGYKPPGP WPF UGKP *GGT OKV FGP GTJQHHVGP VÒTMKUEJGP 6TWRRGP \WUCOOGPHÒJTGP FKG OKV FGO -ÌPKI -CTN :++ CP FGT 5RKV\G CWU 4KEJVWPI 5ÒFQUVGP GTYCTVGV YWTFGP &C FKGUG *QHHPWPIGP UKEJ CDGT CNU WPTGCNKUVKUEJ GPVRWRRVGP IKPI 5VGPDQEM DGTGKVU KP /GEMNGPDWTI CP .CPF WPF VTCH DGK )CFGDWUEJ CWH GKP F·PKUEJ U·EJUKUEJGU *GGT OKV FGO F·PKUEJGP -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM +8 UGNDUV 1DYQJN FKG )GIPGT EC /CPP FGP 5EJYGFGP EC /CPP \CJNGPO·KI FGWVNKEJ ÒDGTNGIGP YCTGP MQPPVG 5VGPDQEM GKPGP IN·P\GPFGP 5KGI GTTKPIGP FGT $CNUCO HÒT FCU UGKV 2QNVCYC \GTUVÌTVG UEJYGFKUEJG 5GNDUVDGYWVUGKP YCT &CU 6KGTMTGKU\GKEJGP 5VGKPDQEM CWH FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG KUV UQYQJN GKPG #PURKGNWPI CWH FGP INGKEJPCOKIGP UEJYGFKUEJGP (GNFJGTTGP CNU CWEJ GKP *KPYGKU CWH FCU &CVWO FGT 5EJNCEJV CP FGO FKG 5QPPG KO <GKEJGP FGU 5VGKPDQEMU UVCPF 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP FGU )TQGP 0QTFKUEJGP -TKGIU IGIGP &·PGOCTM HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5521

5521 1,5:1

226

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) 9 8GUVPGT CWH UGKPG #PMWPHV KP 5EJYGFGP $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 'KP UEJYGFKUEJGU 5EJKHH N·WHV KP FGP *CHGP XQP ;UVCF GKP OO I $GTPJGKOGT *KNFGDTCPF + 5 4 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC

SCHWEDEN

5522

5523

5524

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH UGKPGP 6QF XQT FGT PQTYGIKUEJGP (GUVWPI (TGFGTKMUVGP CO 0QXGODGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO &G\GODGT $TWUVDKNF T OKV *CNUDKPFG CWHIGMPÌRHVGO 4QEM WPF MTQPGPDGUVKEMVGT 5EJ·TRG #WHTGEJV PCEJ N UEJTGKVGPFGT .ÌYG FGT UKEJ CWU UGKPGT 8GTUVTKEMWPI \W DGHTGKGP XGTUWEJV OO I (GNFGT FQTV CPFGTGU )GYKEJV *KNFGDTCPF + 5 4 -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJFGO -CTN :++ DGTGKVU KO 5QOOGT XGTIGDNKEJ XGTUWEJV JCVVG FKG UÒFPQTYGIKUEJG (GUVWPI (TGFGTKMUVGP DGK *CNFGP \W GTQDGTP \QI GT KO 0QXGODGT GTPGWV XQT FKG KORQUCPV CWH GKPGO (GNUGP IGNGIGPG #PNCIG &KG 'KPPCJOG (TGFGTKMUVGPU YCT FKG 8QTCWUUGV\WPI HÒT FKG 'TQDGTWPI FGT PQTYGIKUEJGP *CWRVUVCFV %JTKUVKCPKC JGWVG 1UNQ OKV FGT (GUVWPI #MGTUJWU #NU FKG 5EJYGFGP DGTGKVU FKG 8QTHGUVWPIGP GKPIGPQOOGP JCVVGP WPF OKV FGO #PITKHH CWH FKG *CWRVHGUVWPI DGICPPGP YWTFG -CTN :++ CO #DGPF FGU 0QXGODGT XQP GKPGT -WIGN KP FKG 5EJN·HG IGVTQHHGP &GT 6QF FGU UVWTGP 5EJYGFGPMÌPKIU -ÌPKI 'KUGPMQRH MQPPVG PKG YKTMNKEJ CWHIGMN·TV YGTFGP GU GZKUVKGTGP FWTEJCWU 6JGQTKGP FKG FGP 5EJÒV\GP KP FGP GKIGPGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 4GKJGP XGTOWVGP OKV FGO /QVKX FGO CWUUKEJVUNQUGP -TKGI GPFNKEJ GKP 'PFG \W UGV\GP /KV FGO 6QF -CTNU :++ FGT FKG UEJYGFKUEJG )TQOCEJVUVGNNWPI PQEJ GTYGKVGTP YQNNVG GPFGVG SWCUK FGT )TQG 0QTFKUEJG -TKGI FGT 5EJYGFGP CNNG UGKPG $GUKV\WPIGP LGPUGKVU FGT 1UVUGG MQUVGP UQNNVG $GTGKVU CO P·EJUVGP 6CI VTCVGP FKG UEJYGFKUEJGP 6TWRRGP FGP 4ÒEM\WI CP YQDGK UKG XQP F·PKUEJ PQTYGIKUEJGP 6TWRRGP ÒDGT FGP 5XKPGUWPF FKG JGWVKIG UEJYGFKUEJ PQTYGIKUEJG )TGP\G \YKUEJGP )ÌVGDQTI WPF 1UNQ XGTHQNIV YWTFGP

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) 9 8GUVPGT CWH UGKPGP 6QF XQT FGT PQTYGIKUEJGP (GUVWPI (TGFGTKMUVGP CO 0QXGODGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO &G\GODGT $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &CU RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 5EJYGFGP NCIGTV VTCWGTPF PCEJ T OKV FGO UEJYGFKUEJGP 5EJKNF FCJKPVGT )TCDOQPWOGPV OKV \YGK .ÌYGP FGO 5CTMQRJCI -CTNU :++ WPF FGP 4GICNKGP \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP 1DGNKUM OKV DTGPPGPFGP -GT\GP OO I $GTPJGKOGT *KNFGDTCPF + 5 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI MN -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPNGIGPFG FGU XQTNKGIGPFGP 5VÒEMGU HTCIV 38+5 616 5856+08+6 38+5 6#06# 0')16+# 51.85

9GT JCV UQ XKGNG WPF UEJYGTG .CUVGP GKPUCO IGVTCIGP!

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP 6QF -CTNU :++ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

7NTKMC 'NGQPQTC 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH KJTG -TÌPWPI KP FGT &QO MKTEJG XQP 7RRUCNC CO /·T\ $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .ÌYGPOWVVGT DGYCEJV KJTG XKGT ,WPIGP XQT KJTGT *ÌJNG OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 C 5EJÒV\ *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI ÒDNKEJGT 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG -TÌPWPI FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIKP 7NTKMC 'NGQPQTC FKG NGV\VG KP FGT &QOMKTEJG XQP 7RRUCNC YWTFG CO /·T\ XQP 'T\DKUEJQH /CVJKCU 5VGWEJKWU XQTIGPQOOGP #O #RTKN HCPF FKG *WNFKIWPI KP 5VQEMJQNO UVCVV

227

SCHWEDEN

5525

5526

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH KJTG -TÌPWPI KP FGT &QOMKTEJG XQP 7RRUCNC CO /·T\ $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5VTCJNGPFGT 5VGTP ÒDGT /GGTWHGTNCPFUEJCHV OKV 5GIGN UEJKHHGP OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 5 5EJÒV\ UKGJG #DDKNFWPI (GKPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ (TKGFTKEJ + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) 9 8GUVPGT CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI KP FGT 5VQEMJQNOGT 5VQTM[TMC CO /CK &KG $TWUVDKNFGT (TKGFTKEJU + WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 7NTKMC 'NGQPQTC 6QEJVGT -CTNU :+ XQP 5EJYGFGP

Ó PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 2CNNCU UVÒV\V FKG 4GEJVG CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 4GKEJUUEJKNF WPF MTÌPV OKV FGT .KPMGP FGP PGDGP KJT UVGJGPFGP /CTU FGT FGP JGUUKUEJGP 5EJKNF J·NV OO I $GTPJGKOGT *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 5EJÒV\ 5NI 'TNCPIGT ++ 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T $GTGKVU CO (GDTWCT JCVVG -ÌPKIKP 7NTKMC 'NGQPQTC KO 4GKEJUVCI KJTGP 9WPUEJ IG·WGTV FKG 4GIKGTWPI KJTGO )GOCJN FGO 'TDRTKP\GP (TKGFTKEJ XQP *GUUGP -CUUGN OKV FGO UKG UGKV XGTJGKTCVGV YCT \W ÒDGTVTCIGP 0CEJFGO GT CO /·T\ XQP FGT TGHQTOKGTVGP \WT NWVJGTKUEJGP -KTEJG ÒDGTIGVTGVGP YCT YWTFG (TKGFTKEJ CO /·T\ \WO UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKI IGY·JNV &KG -TÌPWPI YWTFG CO /CK XQP 'T\DKUEJQH /CVJKCU 5VGWEJKWU KP FGT 5VQEMJQNOGT 5VQTM[TMC XQTIGPQOOGP WPF FKG *WNFKIWPI HCPF CO /CK UVCVV

5527

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH FKG MÌPKINKEJG (COKNKG &KG $TWUVDKNFGT (TKGFTKEJU + WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 7NTKMC 'NGQPQTC 6QEJVGT -CTNU :+ XQP 5EJYGFGP

Ó PGDGPGKPCPFGT T )GMTÌPVGT .ÌYG OKV 5EJYGTV J·NV GKP /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO $KNFPKU (TKGFTKEJU + WOJGT GKP -TCP\ DGUVGJGPF CWU /GFCKNNQPDKNFGTP FGT -ÌPKIG WPF -ÌPKIKPPGP CWU FGP (COKNKGP 8CUC WPF 2HCN\ )WUVCX + 'TKM :+8 ,QJCPP +++ 5KIKUOWPF -CTN +: )WUVCX ++ #FQNH %JTKUVKPC -CTN : )WUVCX -CTN :+ -CTN :++ WPF 7NTKMC 'NGQPQTC OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 5EJÒV\ 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &GT ·WGTUV DGICDVG /GFCKNNGWT ,QJCP %CTN *GFNKPIGT UEJWH FKGUG /GFCKNNG CWH GKIGPGU 4KUKMQ WPF GTJKGNV GKPG ITQ\ÒIKIG 'PVNQJPWPI CNU GT UKG FGO -ÌPKIURCCT RT·UGPVKGTVG

228

SCHWEDEN

5528

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH FGP 6QF FGU #TEJKVGMVGP WPF *CWRVOGKUVGT FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP $CTQEMU 0KEQFGOWU 6GUUKP FGT ,ÒPIGTG

CO #RTKN $TWUVDKNF 6GUUKPU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN /KPGTXC UKV\V X X OKV 5RGGT WPF 5EJKNF FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV CP 2QUVCOGPV OKV 5·WNG IGNGJPV WOJGT NKGIGP #VVTKDWVG FGT -ÒPUVG WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP CO $QFGP OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF 5 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5529

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH FKG UEJYGFKUEJG ,CJTHGKGT FGT ªDGTICDG FGT #WIUDWTIGT -QPHGUUKQP CO ,WPK PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO ,WPK &GT UEJNCHGPFG %JTKUVWU H·JTV OKV UGKPGP ,ÒPIGTP KP GKPGO 5GIGNDQQV CWH UVÒTOKUEJGT 5GG <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 5NI 9JKVKPI p (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5530

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH UGKPG 4ÒEMMGJT CWU *GUUGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 6GKN FGU 6KGTMTGKUGU OKV FGO <GKEJGP FGU 5EJÒV\GP \YKUEJGP 9QNMGP WPVGP 'TF JCNDMWIGN FCTCWH FTGK -TQPGP ÒDGT ,CJTGU\CJN OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 5EJÒV\ 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI YKP\ 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 229

SCHWEDEN

5531

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH FCU 4KFFCTJWUGV 4KVVGTJCWU KP 5VQEMJQNO )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF )QTIQPGKQP CWH FGT $TWUV #PUKEJV FGU 4KVVGTJCWUGU FCXQT DGXÌNMGTVG 2NCV\CPNCIG KO #DUEJPKVV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5532

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP *CPFGN WPF 8GTMGJT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN (LQTF OKV IGDQIGPGT 5VGKPDTÒEMG KO *KPVGTITWPF 5GIGNUEJKHH OO (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 5EJÒV\ p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5533

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT .CIQO /GFCKNNG $ÒUVG *GFNKPIGTU N <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF 5 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ &CU OKV ITKGEJKUEJGP $WEJUVCDGP IGUEJTKGDGPG UEJYGFKUEJG 9QTV .CIQO PKEJV \WXKGN WPF PKEJV \WYGPKI YCT *GFNKPIGTU &GXKUG

230

SCHWEDEN

5534

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , % *GFNKPIGT IGRT·IV KO #WHVTCI FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP 4GKEJUUV·PFG GTNCUUGP CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 4GKEJUTCV WPF -CP\NGKRT·UKFGPVGP )TCH )WUVCX %TQPJKGNO

Ó WPF UGKPG 8GTFKGPUVG WO FCU PGWG CNNIGOGKPG )GUGV\DWEJ XQP $TWUVDKNF %TQPJKGNOU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 3WCFGT FCTCWH NKGIV FCU PGWG IGUEJNQUUGPG )GUGV\DWEJ CWH GKPGT &GEMG OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF 5 44 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5535

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH FGP 6QF FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP #TEJ·QNQIGP WPF 0WOKUOCVKMGTU 0KNU -GFGT

$TWUVDKNF -GFGTU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 2JÌPKZ GPVUVGKIV FGP (NCOOGP \WO *KOOGNUNKEJV GORQT OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5536

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 7NTKMC 'NGQPQTC 6QEJVGT -CTNU :+ XQP 5EJYGFGP

CO &G\GODGT $TWUVDKNF 7NTKMC 'NGQPQTCU T OKV &KCFGO WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5QPPGPHKPUVGTPKU ÒDGT 9QNMGP WPF JÒIGNKIGT .CPFUEJCHV KO 8QTFGTITWPF T WOIGUVÒT\VG 6CPPG OO I (GNFGT XCT FQTV CPFGTG 8QTFGTUGKVG *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 5EJÒV\ 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG #PMWPHV FGT RTGWKUEJGP 2TKP\GUUKP WPF UR·VGTGP UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIKP .WKUG 7NTKMG KP 5EJYGFGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 231

SCHWEDEN

5537

)WUVCX +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % 'PJÌTPKPI CWH FKG IWVG #WUDKNFWPI UGKPGU 5QJPGU -TQPRTKP\ )WUVCX #FQNH UR·VGT -ÌPKI )WUVCX +8 #FQNH $ÒUVG T &CU RGTUQPK HK\KGTVG 5EJYGFGP UVGJV PCEJ T OKV 9CRRGPUEJKNF WPF GORH·PIV /KPGTXC FKG FGP LWPIGP -TQPRTKP\GP CP FGT *CPF J·NV OO I *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI

5538

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % 'PJÌTPKPI CWH FGP $GUWEJ UGKPGU 5QJPGU -TQPRTKP\ )WUVCX #FQNH UR·VGT -ÌPKI )WUVCX +8 #FQNH KO 5VQEMJQNOGT 4CVJCWU $ÒUVG FGU LWPIGP -TQPRTKP\GP T /GTMWT UVGJV PCEJ T OKV %CFWEGWU WPF DGITÒV FKG XQT KJO UVGJGPFG 5VCFVIÌVVKP XQP 5VQEMJQNO FKG UKEJ CWH GKPGP 5EJKNF OKV FGO $KNFPKU FGU JGKNKIGP 'TKM UVÒV\V PGDGP KJTGP (ÒGP NKGIV GKP 5VGWGTTWFGT OO I *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5539

)WUVCX +8 #FQNH 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % ) (GJTOCP WPF % 'PJÌTPKPI CWH UGKPGP 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV CP UGKPGO )GDWTVUVCI CO 0QXGODGT IGRT·IV KO #WHVTCI FGT $GTIYGTMU IGUGNNUEJCHV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUDCPF $GTIYGTMUCPUKEJV GKPGU 6CIGDCWGU OKV XGTUEJKGFGPGP (ÌTFGTGKPTKEJVWPIGP N *COOGTUEJOKGFG OKV \YGK #TDGKVGTP FCXQT GKPG -CTTG 5RKV\JCEMG WPF $NGEJ T 5EJCEJVÌHHPWPI OKV GKPGT (CJTV OO I *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 /ÒUGNGT 44 +P FGMQTCVKXGO KPPGP OKV 5COV DG\QIGPGP 'VWK #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JÒDUEJGT 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T )WUVCX +8 #FQNH YCT PCEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGU 8CVGTU )WUVCX +++ KO ,CJTG PQEJ OKPFGTL·JTKI WPF UVCPF DKU \W UGKPGO )GDWTVUVCI WPVGT FGT 8QTOWPFUEJCHV UGKPGU 1PMGNU *GT\QI -CTN XQP 5ÌFGTOCPPNCPF

232

SCHWEDEN

5540

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP % (GJTOCP CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGU 1PMGNU (TKGFTKEJ #FQNH

KO ,CJT IGYKFOGV XQP FGT MÌPKINKEJGP /CNGT WPF $KNFJCWGTCMCFGOKG 5VQEMJQNO FGTGP 'JTGP OKVINKGF FGT *GT\QI UGKV YCT $TWUVDKNF (TKGFTKEJ #FQNHU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5541

-CTN :+++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % 'PJÌTPKPI CWH FKG #FQRVKQP FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIUOKPKUVGTU WPF /CTUEJCNNU ,GCP $CRVKUVG $GTPCFQVVG UR·VGT -ÌPKI -CTN :+8 ,QJCPP TGI CO 0QXGODGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF $GTPCFQVVGU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $GTPCFQVVG UVGJV X X KP CPVKMGO *CTPKUEJ OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN FKG 4GEJVG CWH UGKP (COKNKGPYCRRGP IGUVÒV\V WPF YKTF XQP FGT 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP 5EJYGFGPU IGMTÌPV OO I *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5542

-CTN :+8 ,QJCPP $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP * )WDG CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGU 5QJPGU -TQPRTKP\ 1UMCT UR·VGT 1UMCT + OKV ,QUGRJKPC /CZKOKNKCPC 'WIGPKC 0CRQNGCPC XQP .GWEJVGPDGTI

Ó &KG $TWUVDKNFGT FGU 2CCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT N *KOOGNUINQDWU FCXQT $QIGP OKV XGTUEJKGFGPGP 5VGTP\GKEJGP CWH FGO $QIGP O·PPNKEJG )GUVCNV KP 3WCFTKIC T OO *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

233

SCHWEIZ

5543

1UMCT ++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP .GC #JNDQTP CWH FKG GTUVG &WTEJHCJTV FGT 0QTFQUVRCUUCIG FWTEJ FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 2QNCTHQTUEJGT #FQNH 'TKM (TGKJGTT XQP 0QTFGPUMLÌNF

Ó KP FGP ,CJTGP IGUVKHVGV XQP FGT MÌPKINKEJ UEJYGFKUEJGP #MCFGOKG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP -ÌRHG XQP 0QTFGPUMLÌNFU WPF #FQNH #TPQNF .QWKU 2CNCPFGTU

Ó $GHGJNUJCDGT FGU 9CNHKUEJH·PIGTU 8GIC PGDGPGKPCPFGT N 5GIGNUEJKHH N KP 'KUOGGT OO 1NU¾P 5 8QT\ÒINKEJ &GT UEJYGFKUEJG $CTQP #FQNH 'TKM 0QTFGPUMLÌNF YCT FGT GTUVG (QTUEJGT FGO GU IGNCPI FGP PQTFÌUVNKEJGP /GGTGUYGI FGT FGP #VNCPVKUEJGP 1\GCP OKV FGO 2C\KHKUEJGP 1\GCP KO 0QTFQUVGP 5KDKTKGPU OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDKPFGV \W DG\YKPIGP .WKU 2CNCPFGT XQP 8GIC 1HHK\KGT FGT -ÌPKINKEJGP (NQVVG WPF )GH·JTVG 0QTFGPUMLÌNFU NKG KO ,CJTG FGP 9CNHKUEJH·PIGT 8GIC HÒT FKG PQTFÌUVNKEJG &WTEJHCJTV WODCWGP 0CEJFGO FKG &WTEJHCJTV IGNWPIGP YCT YWTFG GT PCEJ UGKPGT *GKOMGJT \WO -CRKV·P GTPCPPV WPF KP FGP #FGNUVCPF GTJQDGP

5544

&+' 56#&6 $#5'.

5%*9'+<

5KNDGTPG 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP ( (GEJVGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV OKV CWHIGJGPFGT 5QPPG XQP 0QTFYGUVGP IGUGJGP FCTÒDGT J·NV GKPG *CPF CWU 9QNMGP FCU OKV $·PFGTP IGUEJOÒEMVG 5VCFVYCRRGP WPVGP -CTVWUEJG OKV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV +P GKPGT QHHGPGP 4WKPGPCTEJKVGMVWT UKV\V FGT 2TQRJGV &CPKGN XQP UGEJU .ÌYGP WOIGDGP N CWH GKPGO $CNMQP FGT 2GTUGTMÌPKI &CTGKQU OKV \YGK (TCWGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT JGDT·KUEJGT )QVVGUPCOG OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5545

234

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP 5 *GPFTKEM 5QIGPCPPVGT )NWEMJGPPGPVCNGT CWH FKG /WVVGTNKGDG 5VCFVCPUKEJV CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG QDGP 9QNMGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF FCU XQP \YGK )TGKHGP IGJCNVGPG 5VCFVYCRRGP )NWEMG OKV FTGK -ÒMGP KP .CPFUEJCHV OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 5GJT CVVTCMVKGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

SCHWEIZ

5546

5547

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # $WTIGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 8GTGKPKIWPI XQP )TQ WPF -NGKPDCUGN 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 9GUVGP OKV FGT OKVVNGTGP 4JGKPDTÒEMG <YGK \YGKDGKPKIG )GUVCNVGP OKV .ÌYGP D\Y )TGKHGPMQRH UQYKG GKP YKNFGT /CPP UVGJGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X WOJGT 9CRRGPMTCP\ OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

&+' 56#&6 $'40

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * , )GUUPGT CWH FKG 'THQNIG FGT 6TWRRGP FGT 5V·PFG <ÒTKEJ WPF $GTP KO 6QIIGPDWTIGT 8KNNOGTIGT -TKGI &GT <ÒTKEJGT .ÌYG WPF FGT $GTPGT $·T DGKFG OKV 5EJYGTV WPF 9CRRGPUEJKNF UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT QDGP UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG 9CHHGPVTQRJ·G OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI &GT 8KNNOGTIGT -TKGI YCT FGT XQTNGV\VG 4GNKIKQPUMTKGI KP FGT 5EJYGK\ GPV\ÒPFGV CP 4GNKIQPU WPF #WVQPQOKG \YKUVKIMGKVGP KO 6QIIGPDWTI 0CEJ OGJTGTGP 'KP\GNIGHGEJVGP YWTFGP FKG GPVUEJGKFGPFGP 5EJNCEJVGP DGK 8KNNOGTIGP CO ,WNK FWTEJ $GTPGT WPF DGK *ÒVVGP FWTEJ <ÒTEJGT 6TWRRGP IGYQPPGP

5548

5549

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 7ODCW FGU <WPHVJCWUGU \W -CWHNGWVGP KP FGT -TCOICUUG $TWUVDKNF GKPGU #TOGPKGTU N OKV 6WTDCP WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #PUKEJV FGU <WPHVJCWUGU OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 5VGORGNINCP\

&+' 56#&6 )'0(

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH FGP )GPHGT 4GHQTOCVQT ,QJCPP %CNXKP

Ó WPF UGKPG 4ÒEMMGJT CWU FGO 'ZKN PCEJ )GPH KO ,CJT $TWUVDKNF %CNXKPU T OKV NCPIGO $CTV -NCRROÒV\G WPF WOIGNGIVGO 2GN\OCPVGN WOJGT $N·VVGTMTCP\ )GHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU OKV 2QUCWPG WPF CWHIGUEJNCIGPGO $WEJ X X FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV FGP TGEJVGP (W CWH GKPGP 3WCFGTUVGKP OKV FGT #WHUEJTKHV 8+4675 IGUVGNNV \W FGP 5GKVGP 4QUGP WPF .QTDGGTUVTCWEJ OO I /CW¾ 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 5NI 9JKVKPI 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

235

SCHWEIZ

1,5:1

5550

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , &CUUKGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP 5VCFVCPUKEJV KO 8QTFGT ITWPF *CHGP OKV 5EJKHHGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG KP 9QNMGP )GPQXGXC UVGJV PCEJ N OKV CWUIGDTGKVGVGP #TOGP CWH \GTDTQEJGPGP -GVVGP WPF ,QEJ JKPVGT KJT NGJPV FGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF XQP )GPH XQT KJT UEJYGDV 4GNKIKQ CWH 9QNMGP KP FGT 4GEJVGP 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT .KPMGP $WEJ KO *KPVGTITWPF )GDKTIUNCPFUEJCHV OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 5NI 9JKVKPI *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5551

236

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , &CUUKGT CWH FKG $GKNGIWPI FGT KPPGTGP 7PTWJGP XQP FWTEJ 8GTOKVVNWPI FGT 5V·FVG <ÒTKEJ WPF $GTP UQYKG FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP )GUCPFVGP & ( FG .CWVTGE 4GNKIKQ OKV $KDGN WPF IGHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU OKV *COOGT WPF )NQDWU NGJPGP CP 9CRRGPUEJKNF QDGP 5QPPG OKV %JTKUVWUOQPQITCOO ,WUVKVKC OKV 9CCIG WPF .KDGTVCU OKV (TGKJGKVUUVCD UVGJGP X X WPF WOCTOGP GKPCPFGT T $TWPPGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 4CVJCWU OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T FQTV KP $TQP\G 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

SCHWEIZ

5552

$TQP\GOGFCKNNQP XQP # $QX[ CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP KP )GPH $TWUVDKNF FGU 4GHQTOCVQTU ,QJCPPGU %CNXKP

Ã&#x201C; N OKV *CWDG WPF WOIGNGIVGO RGN\DGUGV\VGP /CPVGN 1DGTVGKN GKPGT IQVKUEJGP -CP\GN \YKUEJGP FGP 5Â·WNGP 5EJTKHV OO 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <Ã&#x2019;TKEJ 0T 5NI 9JKVKPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

237

SCHWEIZ

5553

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # $QX[ CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGT 'KUGPDCJPNKPKG XQP )GPH PCEJ .[QP /KV 9CRRGP (CJPGP WPF /GTMWTUVCD IGUEJOÒEMVG .QMQOQVKXG 5VCFVYCRRGP XQP )GPH QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU %JTKUVWUOQPQITCOO OO I &ÌT[ -WDKPU\M[ 2CIG &KXQ &KXQ 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T FQTV KP $TQP\G +P 5KNDGT UGJT UGNVGP *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 'KUGPDCJP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5554

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * $QX[ CWH FCU \WIGHTQTGPG *CHGPDGEMGP #PUKEJV FGU XGTGKUVGP *CHGP DGEMGPU OKV \CJNTGKEJGP 2GTUQPGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF T GKP UVÒT\GPFGT /CPP KO *KPVGTITWPF *·WUGT 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT XGTGKUVGT .CWD WPF -QTFGNMTCP\ QDGP FCU )GPHGT 5VCFVYCRRGP WPVGT UVTCJNGPFGO )QVVGUPCOGP OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5EJÌPG 6ÌPWPI 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W )GPH HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5555

&+' 56#&6 /746'0

238

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , ,CJTJWPFGTV XGTOWVNKEJ WO WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK /WTVGP 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP /WTVGP QDGP FKG 9CRRGP XQP $GTP (TGKDWTI WPF /WTVGP FCTÒDGT -TQPG #PUKEJV FGU /WTVGPGT $GKPJCWUGU WOJGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP *CNDMTGKU OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP #WMVKQP .GW <ÒTKEJ 0T 5NI $TGVVCWGT 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 6ÌPWPI

SPANIEN

5558

5557

5556

&+' 56#&6 8'8';

4GEJVGEMKIG 5KNDGTRNCMGVVG XQP ' (WNRKWU CWH FCU 9GKPHGUV &CTUVGNNWPI FGU (GUVGU OKV \CJN TGKEJGP $GUWEJGTP KO 8QTFGTITWPF GKP URC\KGTGPFGU 2CCT 9GKPTGDG WPF 9GKP\WDGT KO *KPVGTITWPF $GTINCPFUEJCHV OKV -KTEJG /KV 4CPFRWP\G 7 ) & )'0'8' Z OO I 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&+' '+&)'0155'05%*#(6

#NWOKPKWOOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV -TCOGT CWH FGP )GPGTCN FGT 5EJYGK\GT #TOGG Y·JTGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU *GPTK )WKUCP

Ó WPF FKG -TKGIUOQDKNOCEJWPI CO 5GRVGODGT 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF )WKUCPU N #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV ÒDGT /GFCKNNGWTUUKIPCVWT OO (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG )GPGTCNOQDKNOCEJWPI CO 5GRVGODGT WPF FGP -TKGIUFKGPUV 5QNFCV UVGJV PCEJ N OKV )GYGJT KO #PUEJNCI .CPFMCTVG FGT 5EJYGK\ FCXQT FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \WT 5EJYGK\ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5559

52#0+'0 &+' 56#&6 $#.#)7'4 706'4 (4#0<¤5+5%*'4 $'5'6<70)

.QWKU :+8 $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 4QWUUGN WPF / /QNCTV CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP $CNCIWGT .NGKFC -CVCNQPKGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KMVQTKC UVGJV PCEJ T KP .CPFUEJCHV FGP NKPMGP (W CWH GKPG CWUUVTÌOGPFG 7TPG IGUVGNNV KP FGT 4GEJVGP -TQPG KP FGT .KPMGP 2CNO\YGKI XQT KJT MPKGV FKG 5VCFVIÌVVKP XQP $CNCIWGT WPF J·NV KJT FGP 5VCFV UEJNÒUUGN GPVIGIGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV OO /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU % # XCT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

239

SPANIEN

5560

5561

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 52#0+'0

%CTNQU ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * NG $TGVQP CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGT *CNDUEJYGUVGT /CTKC 6JGTGUKC XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ

6QEJVGT 2JKNKRRU +8 WPF )GOCJNKP FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -ÌPKIU .QWKU :+8 $TWUVDKNF /CTKC 6JGTGUKCU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP XQP (TÌOOKIMGKV WPF -GWUEJJGKV UVGJGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X WPF JCNVGP UKEJ KO #TO \YKUEJGP KJPGP GKP HNCOOGPFGT #NVCT OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU 5 $ XCT 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

%CTNQU +++ 8+ XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 2T·VGPFGPV 5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT IGHGTVKIV KO #WHVTCI XQP ( -NGKPGTV CWH FKG #WHJGDWPI FGT $GNCIGTWPI $CTEGNQPCU &GT -ÌPKI HNÒEJVGV N \W 2HGTF WPF XGTNKGTV UGKPG -TQPG ÒDGT KJO UEJYGDV GKP 2WVVQ FGT FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP $KPFGPUEJKNF VT·IV WPF FCOKV FKG 5QPPG DGFGEMV KO *KPVGTITWPF N -ÒUVGPCDUEJPKVV XQO /KVVGNOGGT T 5VGNNWPIGP WPF <GNVG FGT URCPKUEJGP $GNCIGTGT XQT FGT DGHGUVKIVGP 5VCFV ,QJP %JWTEJKNN *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ

Ó TGKVGV JCNDT ÒDGT IGHCNNGPG (GKPFG JKPYGI XQT KJO MPKGP XKGT RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 5V·FVG FKG KJO FKG 5VCFVUEJNÒUUGN TGKEJGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT (QTUVGT 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ X .QQP +8 5 44 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG URKGNV PKEJV CNNGKP CWH FGP #D\WI FGT URCPKUEJGP $GNCIGTGT CP UQPFGTP CWEJ CWH FKG 5QPPGPHKPUVGTPKU XQO /CK FGU ,CJTGU &KG 'MNKRUG FGU )GUVKTPU YWTFG UGKV CNVGTU JGT CNU DGFTQJNKEJGU 'TGKIPKU WPF CNU #WUNÌUGT XGTUEJKGFGPGT -CVCUVTQRJGP IGFGWVGV

5562

-NKRRGPHÌTOKIG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) ( 0ÒTPDGTIGT CWH FKG #WHJGDWPI FGT $GNCIGTWPI $CTEGNQPCU WPF CWH FKG 0KGFGTNCIGP (GNKRGU 8 KP 5RCPKGP WPF $TCDCPV )GMTÌPVG UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG XQP FTGK -TQPGP WOIGDGP 5QPPGPHKPUVGTPKU WOJGT 1TVUCPICDGP $CTEGNQPC /CFTKF 6KTNGOQPV $TCDCPV OKV &CVGP WPVGP YGNMGPFG $NWOG Z OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ X .QQP +8 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI ªDNKEJGT YKP\ 5VGORGNHGJNGT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ &KG XKGT -TQPGP FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG UVGJGP HÒT 5RCPKGP 2QTVWICN 'PINCPF WPF *QNNCPF &KG 8QTFGTUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV /+6 )166 &84%* / 1 ) 80& . YGKUV CWH FKG (GNFJGTTP /CTNDQTQWIJ 1WYGMGTMG )CNNQYC[ WPF .GCMG JKP FKG FGP ITÌVGP #PVGKN CP FGP KP 5RCPKGP WPF $TCDCPV GTHQEJVGPGP 5KGIGP FGT #NNKCP\ JCVVGP

240

SPANIEN

5563

5563 1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH UGKPGP 'KP\WI KP /CFTKF )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU $KGPGPMQTD OKV $KGPGPUEJYCTO /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I (QTUVGT 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ FQTV XQP X .QQP +8 5 (GKPG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5564

%CTNQU +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 6 ( 2TKGVQ CWH UGKPG 2TQMNCOCVKQP \WO URCPKUEJGP -ÌPKI KP /CFTKF )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU &GT -ÌPKI GKP (CJPGPVT·IGT WPF HÒPH YGKVGTG /KVINKGFGT FGT URCPKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI CNNG KP URCPKUEJG 9CRRGPO·PVGN IGMNGKFGV UVGJGP CWH GKPGO 2QFGUV WPF RT·UGPVKGTGP UKEJ FGO LWDGNPFGP 8QNM OO I (QTTGT 8+++ 5 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5565

%CTNQU +8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5GNNGPV CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU -ÌPKIURCCTGU KP $CTEGNQPC $TWUVDKNFGT XQP %CTNQU +8 WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKC .WKUG XQP $QWTDQP 2CTOC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU 2JKNKRR XQP 2CTOC PGDGPGKPCPFGT T &KG 5VCFVIÌVVKP XQP $CTEGNQPC UKV\V PCEJ N OKV 5RGGT WPF 5EJKNF XQT KJT UVGJGP /GTMWT WPF FGT RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG (NGK OO I (QTTGT 8 5 9WT\DCEJ p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

241

SPANIEN

5566

(GTPCPFQ 8++ $TQP\GIWÂOGFCKNNG Q , /KVVG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP URCPKUEJGP /CNGT WPF )TCHKMGT (TCPEKUEQ ,QUÂ¾ FG )Q[C [ .WEKGPVGU

Ã&#x201C; $TWUVDKNF )Q[CU HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5\GPG CWU UGKPGO 9GTM &GT 5EJNCH 6TCWO FGT 8GTPWPHV IGDKGTV 7PIGJGWGT 'N UWGÃ&#x2021;Q FG NC TC\Ã&#x2030;P RTQFWEG OQPUVTWQU OO 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W (GTPCPFQ 8++ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5567

#NHQPUQ :++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) 5GNNCP CWH UGKPG 8GTOÂ·JNWPI OKV /CTKC %JTKUVKPC XQP Â¤UVGTTGKEJ

Ã&#x201C; CO 0QXGODGT $GKFGT $Ã&#x2019;UVGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 5RCPKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

242

TÜRKEI

5568

2:1

&#5 15/#0+5%*' 4'+%*

2:1

6ª4-'+

5ÒNG[OCP + $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG Q , 9GTMUVCVV . 0GWHCJTGT $TWUVDKNF $CTDCTQUUCU T OKV JQJGO 6WTDCP WPF -CHVCP &TGK <GKNGP CTCDKUEJG 5EJTKHV WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO *CDKEJ + 5NI .CPPC 5NI .ÌDDGEMG 8QNVQNKPC 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGT 1TKIKPCNIW 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T %JCKT CF &KP IGPCPPV $CTDCTQUUC YWTFG WO KP /[VKNGPG VÒTM /KFKPK CWH .GUDQU CNU 5QJP GKPGU VÒTMKUEJGP 5QNFCVGP IGDQTGP &GT KUNCOKUKGTVG )TKGEJG 4GPGICV XGTVTKGD OKV UGKPGO $TWFGT 1TWE KO &KGPUV FGU $G[U XQP 6WPKU FKG 5RCPKGT CWU #NIKGT 'T HQNIVG 1TWE CNU *GTTUEJGT ÒDGT #NIKGT FCU GT FGT 1DGTJQJGKV FGU 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJGU WPVGTUVGNNVG #NU 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT QUOCPKUEJGP (NQVVG UEJNWI GT KO $ÒPFPKU OKV (TCPMTGKEJ FKG URCPKUEJG (NQVVG -CKUGT -CTNU 8 WPF GTQDGTVG 6WPKU 'KP ,CJT UR·VGT GTNKVV GT LGFQEJ GKPG 0KGFGTNCIG IGIGP -CTN 8 WPF #PFTGC &QTKC GKPGP KVCNKGPKUEJGP 5ÌNFPGTHÒJTGT 'T OWVG UKEJ CWU 6WPKU YKGFGT \WTÒEM\KGJGP &TGK ,CJTG UR·VGT DGUKGIVG GT FKG -CKUGTNKEJG (NQVVG WPVGT #PFTGC &QTKC KO )QNH XQP #TVC GTQDGTVG %CUVGNPWQXC CP FGT FCNOCVKPKUEJGP -ÒUVG WPF XGTPKEJVGVG FKG EJTKUVNKEJG (NQVVG DGK -CPFKC -TGVC WPF XQT #NIKGT +O 5RCPKUEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGI WPVGTUVÒV\VG GT (TCPMTGKEJ DGK FGT 'TQDGTWPI XQP 0K\\C 'T UVCTD CO ,WNK KP JQJGO #NVGT KP +UVCPDWN &GO *GKNKIGP 4ÌOKUEJGP 4GKEJ YCT GT GKP IGH·JTNKEJGT )GIPGT

3WGNNG +OCPWGN )GKUU )GUEJKEJVG ITKHHDGTGKV

5569

#DFWN /GLKF $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP . , *CTV CWH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK 5KPQRG \YKUEJGP FGT TWUUKUEJGP WPF FGT QUOCPKUEJGP (NQVVG $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UVGJV PCEJ N KP FGT .KPMGP 5VCD \W KJTGP (ÒGP 2TQTC OKV FGT 4GEJVGP NGIV UKG GKPGP -TCP\ CWH GKPGP OKV GKPGO 6WEJ DGFGEMVGP 5QEMGN \W FGP 5GKVGP -CPQPGP (CJPGP .CP\GP WPF #PMGT UQYKG CWHIGVÒTOVG -CPQPGPMWIGNP OO 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT XQT\ÒINKEJ 243

TÜRKEI

5570

5571

6TCIDCTG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG #* WPUKIPKGTV 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG XGTNKGJGP CP 1HHK\KGTG FGT XGTDÒPFGVGP #TOGGP KO -TKOMTKGI 6WIJTC &KG (CJPGP XQP (TCPMTGKEJ FGO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ )TQDTKVCPPKGP WPF 5CTFKPKGP ÒDGT #TOCVWTGP OO I 2GTG (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

&+' 4'27$.+- 6ª4-'+

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP $CNMCP -QPITG KP +UVCPDWN $TWUVDKNF FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP /WUVCHC -GOCN

Ó T &CRJPG\YGKI WOJGT UKGDGPHCEJGT -TGKU OKV FGO 0COGP FGU )GYKPPGTU +UOCKN *CMMK CWGP 5EJTKHVMTGKU OO (KUGMEKQINW 6Ì\GP #[MWV 4 -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5572

244

8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , % #OOCPP CWH FKG 5VCFV +UVCPDWN 5WNVCP /QJCOOGF ++ UKV\V PCEJ N XQT KJO -CTVGPCPUKEJV OKV FGT 2QUKVKQP FGT 5VCFV QDGP /GFCKNNQPDKNF -CKUGT -QPUVCPVKPU T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGT *CIKC 5QRJKC <CJNTGKEJG CTDGKVGPFG /GPUEJGP KO *KPVGT ITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV /KV 4CPFRWP\GP (ÒNNJQTP %W UQYKG FKG #WHNCIGP\CJN 0Q OO 5VGORGNINCP\ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \WO 1UOCPKUEJGP 4GKEJ WPF FGT 6ÒTMGK HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

UNGARN

5573

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 70)#40

70)#40

(TCP\ ,QUGH + 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG XQP 4 # <WVV CWH FGP #WUDTWEJ FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU *GTMWNGU X X M·ORHV IGIGP FKG OGJTMÌRHKIG *[FTC 5EJYGTV ÒDGT JTGPDÒPFGN FCJKPVGT 5VTCJNGP \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG ITQG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN OO I *WU\CT 2TQEQRKWU 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5574

1,5:1

&+' (ª456'0 810 5+'$'0$ª4)'0

'OGTKEJ 6ÌMÌN[ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH UGKPG 2QUKVKQP CNU #PHÒJTGT FGU WPICTKUEJGP #WHUVCPFU IGIGP FKG JCDUDWTIKUEJG *GTTUEJCHV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF JCNDT OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP <YKUEJGP \YGK 5·WNGP CPIGDWPFGPGU 4Q D·WOV UKEJ CWH WPF VTKVV 9·TVGT FGT GKPG 2GKVUEJG KP FGT 4GEJVGP J·NV \W $QFGP OO I 4GUEJ 5NI *QTUM[ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

245

ÄGYPTEN

/'&#+..'0 #75 ª$'45'' +0 5+.$'4 70& $410<'

5575

);26'0 );26'0 706'4 15/#0+5%*'4 1$'4*1*'+6

#DFWN /GLKF $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ' 4QICV CWH FGP 5KGI FGU ·I[RVKUEJGP 8K\GMÌPKIU /GJOGV #NK 2CUEJC

Ó KP FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 0K\KR 0GUKD CO ,WPK $TWUVDKNF /GJOGV #NK 2CUEJCU T OKV (G\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5·DGN OKV 5EJTKHV N XKGT <GKNGP CTCDKUEJG T UKGDGP <GKNGP HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5EJTKHV OO 5NI (QPTQDGTV 44 (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP -CORH WO FKG 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV I[RVGPU HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5576

#DFWN #\K\ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 1 4QV[ CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGU 5WG\MCPCNU CO 0QXGODGT 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UKV\V PCEJ T CWH 9CTGPDCNNGP KP FGT 4GEJVGP 1NKXGP\YGKI KP FGT GTJQDGPGP .KPMGP (CEMGN \W KJTGP (ÒGP (ÒNNJQTP KJT IGIGPÒDGT UVGJV FKG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG +PFWUVTKG WPF J·NV KJT GKPG 5RCTFQUG GPVIGIGP 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV /KV 4CPFRWP\G (ÒNNJQTP #4)'06 OO I .GEQORVG FQTV CPFGTGU )GYKEJV 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5577

<KPPOGFCKNNG XQP # 4GUVGNNK CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGU 5WG\MCPCNU CO 0QXGODGT $ÒUVG FGU 'TDCWGTU (GTFKPCPF /CTKG 8KEQOVG FG .GUUGRU

Ó HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT &KRNQOCV WPF 7PVGT PGJOGT N #PUKEJV FGU 5WG\MCPCNU CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG OO .GEQORVG p -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W I[RVGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

246

ARGENTINIEN

5578

1,5:1

5578

6*+12+'0

&#5 -#+5'44'+%* 6*+12+'0

*CKNG 5GNCUUKG WPF 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG '' WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF T KP -TÌPWPIUQTPCV )GMTÌPVGT .ÌYG N·WHV N OKV -TGW\HCJPG OO I )KNN 5 2QNKGTVG 2NCVVG 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5580

5579

1,5:1

#4)'06+0+'0

&+' 4'27$.+- #4)'06+0+'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 ) #TTCDCN CWH FKG 2TQMNCOCVKQP (GTFKPCPFU 8++ IGYKFOGV XQP FGT 5VCFV $WGPQU #KTGU 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF (GTFKPCPFU 8++ N -TKGIGT MPKGV PCEJ N JKPVGT 5VCFVYCRRGP KP FGT .KPMGP -GWNG 5EJYGTV WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI OKV FGT 4GEJVGP ÒDGTTGKEJV GT FGT CWH GKPGO .ÌYGP UKV\GPFGP RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP 5VCFV GKP *GT\ CO $QFGP /GTMWTUVCD WPF #TOCVWTGP OO I 5NI (QPTQDGTV 2TCEJVXQNNG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 )TCPFG CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'KUGPDCJPIGUGNNUEJCHV XQP $WGPQU #KTGU

(GTTQECTTKN 1GUVG FG $WGPQU #KTGU WPF FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGT 'KUGPDCJPUVTGEMG XQP 2GTICOKPQ PCEJ 4QUCTKQ /KV .QTDGGT\YGKIGP XGT\KGTVGU 9CRRGP FCTWPVGT HÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV .QMQOQVKXG T KP .CPF UEJCHV KO 8QTFGTITWPF 9GTM\GWI OO I *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 'KUGPDCJP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 247

BOLIVIEN

5581

5582

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $GNNCICODC WPF % 4QUUK CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGU 6GNGITCHGPPGV\GU FGT 2TQXKP\GP 6GNGITCHGPCPNCIG <GJP <GKNGP \WO 6GKN IGDQIGPG 5EJTKHV OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP % 4QUUK CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT CO /CK GTMN·TVGP 7PCDJ·PIKI MGKV /·PPNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV GTJQDGPGO *WV WPF )GYGJT UVGJV CP 7HGT WPF DNKEMV CPMQOOGPFGP 5GIGN UEJKHHGP GPVIGIGP /·PPNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV GTJQDGPGT 4GEJVGP WPF )GYGJT UVGJV CP 7HGT WPF DNKEMV GKPGO CPMQOOGPFGP -TKGIUUEJKHH GPVIGIGP OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W #TIGPVKPKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5583

1,5:1

&+' 4'27$.+- $1.+8+'0

$1.+8+'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPGTV CWH 5KOQP $QNKXCT

Ó $GHTGKGT XQP $QNKXKGP -QNWODKGP WPF 2GTW IGYKFOGV XQP FGT 5VCFV 2QVQUK 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF $QNKXCTU T 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 2QVQUK CO (WG FGU $GTIGU %GTTQ FG 2QVQUK FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG OO I 5NI (QPTQDGTV 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI -CDKPGVVUVÒEM 2TCEJVXQNNG 2CVKPC OKP 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T #WU FGP 5KNDGTOKPGP FGU $GTIGU %GTTQ FG 2QVQUK MCO UGKV FGO ,CJTJWPFGTV FCU 5KNDGT HÒT FKG URCPKUEJGP #EJV 4GCNGU /ÒP\GP /ÒP\GP OKV MNCPIXQNNGP 0COGP &WMCV )WKPGC 6CNGT &QNNCT ICD WPF IKDV GU XKGNG CDGT FCU #EJV 4GCNGU 5VÒEM YCT FCU GTUVG GEJVG 9GNVIGNF &KG /ÒP\GP YWTFGP KP ITQGT <CJN JGTIGUVGNNV WPF MCOGP KPPGTJCND XQP PWT ,CJTGP PCEJ FGT 'TUVRT·IWPI KP FGP GT ,CJTGP KP #UKGP 'WTQRC WPF CWH FGO COGTKMCPKUEJGP &QRRGNMQPVKPGPV KP 7ONCWH 5GKPG OCTMVDGJGTTUEJGPFG 4QNNG MQPPVG FCU #EJV 4GCNGU 5VÒEM DKU YGKV KPU ,CJTJWPFGTV JCNVGP &KG *QHHPWPI CWH )QNF JCVVG FKG 5RCPKGT PCEJ #OGTKMC IGNQEMV CDGT GU YCT FCU 5KNDGT FCU UKG YKTMNKEJ TGKEJ OCEJVG <WP·EJUV GPVFGEMVGP UKG FKG 5KNDGTOKPGP KO C\VGMKUEJGP /GZKMQ CDGT CWH FGP 5KNDGT ,CEMRQV UVKGGP UKG KP FGP GT ,CJTGP KP 2GTW CO UÒFNKEJGP 4CPF FGU +PMCTGKEJGU KO JGWVKIGP $QNKXKGP CP GKPGO 1TV PCOGPU 2QVQUK CO %GTTQ 4KEQ FGT DCNF CNU 5KNDGTDGTI DGMCPPV YWTFG &KG 5KNDGTOGPIG FKG L·JTNKEJ PCEJ 5RCPKGP XGTUEJKHHV YWTFG UVKGI XQP -KNQITCOO KP FGP GT ,CJTGP CWH 6QPPGP KP FGP GT ,CJTGP 0QEJ PKG JCVVG GU KP FGT 9KTVUEJCHVUIGUEJKEJVG FGT 9GNV GKPG UQ IGYCNVKIG WPF HQNIGPTGKEJG 'PVFGEMWPI IGIGDGP

248

1,5:1

CHILE

5584

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' /QNQP 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT 4GRWDNKM $QNKXKGP $QNKXKC UVGJV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ N IGYCPFV CO NKPMGP #TO XKGT -T·P\G KP FGT *CPF J·NV UKG GKPG 5EJTKHVTQNNG OKV UGEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OKV FGT 4GEJVGP J·NV UKG GKPGP -TCP\ ÒDGT GKP 2QUVCOGPV CWH FGO FKG $ÒUVG FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP XQP $QNKXKGP /CPWGN +UKFQTQ $GN\W

Ó TGI UVGJV 0CEJ T NKGIGPFGT TWJGPFGT .ÌYG OKV GKPGO UEJNCHGPFGP -PCDGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 2CNOG OO I 5NI (QPTQDGTV 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5585

5585 1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT ( #TCOC[Q FGO 2T·UKFGPVGP /CPWGN +UKFQTQ $GN\W

TGI IGYKFOGV XQP FGP 'KPYQJPGTP FGT 5VCFV 2QVQUK #PUKEJV FGU *CWRVRNCV\GU OKV (W I·PIGTP 4GKVGTP WPF *WPFGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU 5QPPGPIGUKEJV &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT .QTDGGT MTCP\ OO I 5NI (QPTQDGTV 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC

5586

&+' 4'27$.+- %*+.'

%*+.'

8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV )GMTÌPVGU 4Q WPF IGMTÌPVGT #FNGT JCNVGP FCU OKV FTGK 2HCWGPHGFGTP DGUVGEMVG 9CRRGP $GTIMGVVG FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGU 5QPPGPIGUKEJV WOJGT .QTDGGT\YGKIG OO 5NI (QPTQDGTV 8QT\ÒINKEJ

249

CHINA

5587

5588

8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $KFQINKC CWH FKG #NNKCP\ OKV #TIGPVKPKGP IGIGP FKG 5RCPKGT KP FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP /CKRÐ WO FKG 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKV CO #RTKN WPF CWH FKG 8GTJCPFNWPIGP OKV #TIGPVK PKGP KP FGT 2TQXKP\ /CICNNCPGU \WT $GKNGIWPI FGU )TGP\UVTGKVU <YGK 5QNFCVGP CWH KJTGP 2HGTFGP UVGJGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT KP .CPFUEJCHV GKPGT KUV XGTYWPFGV WPF YKTF XQP FGO CPFGTGP IGJCNVGP <YGK O·PPNKEJG )GUVCNVGP UVGJGP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT CP 7HGTRTQOGPCFG WPF TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG *CPF KO *KPVGTITWPF T 5EJKHH CWH 5GG OO (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ( 1TGNNCPC CWH FGP 2T·UKFGPVGP 5CNXCFQT )WKNNGTQOQ #NNGPFG )QUUGPU

Ó $TWUVDKNF #NNGPFGU JCNDT 8GTUEJKGFGPG 2GTUQPGP FKG FKG $GXÌNMGTWPIUUEJKEJVGP XGTMÌTRGTP KO *KPVGTIWPF (NCIIG OO 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 5CNXCFQT #NNGPFG TGIKGTVG XQP 5GKP <KGN KP %JKNG CWH FGOQMTCVKUEJGO 9GI GKPG UQ\KCNKUVKUEJG )GUGNNUEJCHV \W UEJCHHGP GPFGVG KP GKPGO /KNKV·TRWVUEJ #NNGPFG YWTFG IGUVÒT\V WPF DGIKPI 5GNDUVOQTF

5589

1,5:1

&#5 -#+5'44'+%* %*+0#

%*+0#

-WCPI *UW 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU -CKUGTRCCTGU KP &GWVUEJNCPF $TWUVDKNF X X N &TCEJGP T 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP -CKUGTKP 6UW *K HCUV X X N 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP T 5EJTKHV OO I . / 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

/GFCKNNGP FGT FGWVUEJGP -QNQPKGP KP %JKPC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP 250

5589

INDONESIEN

5590

1,5:1

$'0)#.'0

+0&+'0

1UVKPFKUEJG -QORCPKG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 2KPIQ CWH FGP 5KGI FGU )GPGTCNU 4QDGTV %NKXG

Ó KP FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 2CNCUJK 2NCUUG[ CO ,WPK \YKUEJGP FGP 5VTGKVMT·HVGP FGT 1UVKPFKUEJGP -QORCPKG WPF FGPGP XQP 5KTCL WF &CWNC FGO NGV\VGP WPCDJ·PIKIGP *GTTUEJGT XQP $GPICNGP 8KMVQTKC OKV 6TQRJ·G KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT .KPMGP UKV\V PCEJ N CWH 'NGHCPV 4QDGTV %NKXG KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI UVGJV PCEJ N WPF ÒDGTTGKEJV UGKPGO 8GTDÒPFGVGP /KT ,CHCT GKPG 5VCPFCTVG CWH FGT GKP &GNHKP CPIGDTCEJV KUV OO I 'KOGT 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC MN 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5591

1,5:1

+0&10'5+'0 +0&10'5+'0 706'4 0+'&'4. 0&+5%*'4 *'445%*#(6

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 6QF FGU JQNN·PFKUEJGP )GPGTCNIQWXGTPGWTU XQP 0KGFGTN·PFKUEJ +PFKGP ,QJCPPGU )TCH XCP FGP $QUEJ

CO ,CPWCT 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XCP FGP $QUEJU X X <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OKV 'TGKIPKUUGP CWU UGKPGO .GDGP QDGP (4'&'4+-5114& ,#8# KP 5VTCJNGP WPVGP IGMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP \YKUEJGP .QTDGGT WPF 'KEJGP\YGKI OO I 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

251

JAPAN

5592

&#5 -#+5'44'+%* ,#2#0

,#2#0

#PUGK TC $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ( 0 /KVEJGNN CWH FGP COGTKMCPKUEJGP /KPKUVGT WPF %QOOQFQTG /CVVJGY %CNDTCKVJ 2GTT[

Ó WPF UGKP /KVYKTMGP DGK FGT 7PVGT\GKEJPWPI FGT *CPFGNU XGTVT·IG \YKUEJGP ,CRCP WPF FGP 75# CO /·T\ WPF CO ,WNK IGYKFOGV XQP FGP $QUVQPGT -CWHNGWVGP $ÒUVG 2GTT[U N <GKNGP \WO 6GKN IGDQIGPG 5EJTKHV WOJGT .QTDGGT WPF 'KEJGP\YGKI WPVGP -TQPG OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5593

/WVUWJKVQ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , 5EJYGTFVPGT CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU #T\VGU WPF 0CVWTHQTUEJGTU 2JKNKRR (TCP\ XQP 5KGDQNF

Ó 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP 5KGDQNFU JCNDT OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #WHIGJGPFG 5QPPG OKV FGO 9QTV 0KRRQP ,CRCP ÒDGT /GGT OO 5NI $TGVVCWGT 9WT\DCEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 2JKNKRR (TCP\ XQP 5KGDQNF YWTFG KP 9ÒT\DWTI CO (GDTWCT IGDQTGP WPF UVCTD CO #WIWUV KP /ÒPEJGP 'T NGDVG XQP UQYKG XQP KP ,CRCP WPF KUV GKPGT FGT NGV\VGP WPF YKEJVKIUVGP <GWIGP FGU #NVGP ,CRCP 'T YWTFG DGUQPFGTU FWTEJ UGKPG 5VWFKGP \WT LCRCPKUEJGP (CWPC WPF (NQTC UQYKG FWTEJ FKG YQJN WOHCPITGKEJUVG YGUVNKEJG PCVWT WPF NCPFGUMWPFNKEJG ,CRCPUCOONWPI DGMCPPV +P ,CRCP KUV GT WPVGT FGO 0COGP 5JKDQTWVQ UCP DKU JGWVG JQEJXGTGJTV

5594

252

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGU 5QJPGU 6CKUJQ 6GPPQ UR·VGT -CKUGT ;QUJKJKVQ TGI OKV -WLQ 5CFCMQ

Ó CNU -CKUGTKP 6GKOGK IGPCPPV CO /CK (·EJGT OKV $NWOGP WOJGT <KGTTCJOGP 5EJTKHVVCHGN OO I 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

JAPAN

5595

5596

5597

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 4WUUKUEJ ,CRCPKUEJGP -TKGI )TCPCVG XQT IGMTGW\VGP (CJPGP FCXQT .QTDGGTMTCP\ QDGP WPF WPVGP $NWOGPXGT\KGTWPI ,CRCPKUEJG 5EJTKHV KP <KGTMTGKU OO -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP ,CJTGUVCI FGT 'KPHÃ&#x2019;JTWPI FGU )QNFUVCPFCTFU HÃ&#x2019;T FKG LCRCPKUEJG 9Â·JTWPI /Ã&#x2019;P\GP WPF $CPMPQVGP 5EJTKHVTQNNG XQT LCRCPKUEJGP /Ã&#x2019;P\GP OKV .CWDYGTM XGT\KGTV ,CRCPKUEJG 5EJTKHV OO 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

;QUJKJKVQ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ,KFC CWH UGKPG +PVJTQPKUCVKQP ,CRCPKUEJG )CTVGP CPNCIG OKV (CJPGP WPF 5VCPFCTVGP ,CRCPKUEJG 5EJTKHV QDGP 2CTCFKGUXQIGN WPVGP $NWOGP OO I +P 5KNDGT UGJT UGNVGP 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

5598

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ,KFC CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 8GTUCKNNGU &KG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG XQP )TQÂDTKVCPPKGP 75# ,CRCP +VCNKGP WPF (TCPMTGKEJ \W FGP 5GKVGP 'KEJGP WPF 2CNO\YGKI 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UVGJV HCUV X X OKV YGJGPFGO 6WEJ \W KJTGP (Ã&#x2019;ÂGP 6CWDGP XQT KJT 5EJTKHVVCHGN KO *KPVGTITWPF 2CNCUV OO I +P 5KNDGT UGJT UGNVGP +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

253

JAPAN

5599

5600

5601

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WO WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 4GKUGP UGKPGU 5QJPGU FGU -TQPRTKP\GP *KTQJKVQ

Ó TGI OKV FGO -TKGIUUEJKHH -CVQTK PCEJ )TQDTKVCPPKGP (TCPMTGKEJ +VCNKGP KP FKG 0KGFGTNCPFG WPF PCEJ $GNIKGP 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU 2TKP\GP HCUV X X /CTKPGUEJKHH CWH 5GG KP DNWOGPHÌTOKIGO 4CJOGP \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKPG 6CWDG KO *KPVGTITWPF )NQDWU OO +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 5KNDGTJQEJ\GKV FGU *GTTUEJGTRCCTGU <YGK 2CTCFKGUXÌIGN GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT OKV <YGKIGP KP FGP 5EJP·DGNP ,CRCPKUEJG 5EJTKHV OO I +P 5KNDGT UGJT UGNVGP 8QT\ÒINKEJ

*KTQJKVQ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG )GDWTV FGU MCKUGTNKEJGP -TQPRTKP\GP #MKJKVQ CO &G\GODGT JGTIGUVGNNV KP FGT LCRCPKUEJGP /ÒP\G 5EJTKHVVCHGN OKV LCRCPKUEJGP 5EJTKHV\GKEJGP FCJKPVGT $NWOGP #PUKEJV GKPGT $TÒEMG QDGP T (KUEJ KO *KPVGTITWPF )GD·WFG OO +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5602

254

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV FGU +PUVKVWV (TCPEQ ,CRQPCKU FW -CPUCK -[QVQ #PUKEJV FGU +PUVKVWVU IGD·WFGU #PUKEJV FGU -CKUGTRCNCUVGU OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ

KAMBODSCHA

5603

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 2T·OKG FGU ,CRCPKUEJ &GWVUEJGP -WNVWTKPUVKVWVU CPN·NKEJ FGU L·JTKIGP $GUVGJGPU FGP *GNHGTP KO XÌNMKUEJGP #WUVCWUEJ IGYKFOGV #PUKEJV FGU -CKUGTRCNCUVGU KP 6QMKQ KO 8QTFGTITWPF $TÒEMG QDGP CWHIGJGPFG 5QPPG #PUKEJV FGU $TCPFGPDWTIGT 6QTGU FCTÒDGT *CMGPMTGW\ \YKUEJGP XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO 44 +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W ,CRCP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5604

1,5:1

-#/$1&5%*# &#5 -¤0+)4'+%* -#/$1&5%*#

0QTQFQO + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG KP (TCPEU )TÌG WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPG *WNFKIWPI $ÒUVG N FCTWPVGT .QTDGGT\YGKI 2CNCUV OO I .GEQORVG 8QT\ÒINKEJ

255

KONGO

5605

5606

%1//109'#.6*

-#0#&#

)GQTIG ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 2KPIQ CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 3WGDGE FWTEJ FKG 'PIN·PFGT WPVGT FGT (ÒJTWPI FGU )GPGTCNU ,COGU 9QNHG

Ó WPVGTUVÒV\V FWTEJ FGP #FOKTCN FGT 4Q[CN 0CX[ %JCTNGU 5CWPFGTU

WO Ó KP FGT 5EJNCEJV CWH FGT #DTCJCO 'DGPG $TKVCPPKCDÒUVG N FCTWPVGT &TGK\CEM OKV 5#80&'45 WPF 5VCPFCTVG OKV 91.(' FCXQT -TCP\ 8KMVQTKC UVGJV PCEJ N OKV 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT .KPMGP OKV FGT 4GEJVGP DGMT·P\V UKG GKPG 6TQRJ·G CP FGT GKP )GHCPIGPGT CPIGDWPFGP KUV OO I 'KOGT 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

'FYCTF 8++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $KTMU CWH FGP -QPITG FGT *CPFGNUMCOOGTP FGU $TKVKUEJGP 'ORKTGU KP /QPVTGCN XQO #WIWUV .ÌYG WPF 'KPJQTP JCNVGP FCU IGMTÌPVG GPINKUEJG 9CRRGP WOIGDGP XQO *QUGPDCPFQTFGP WOJGT .QTDGGT\YGKIG FKG OKV 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP DGNGIV UKPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV OKV *CHGP QDGP IGMTÌPVGT 5EJKNF WPVGP FCU *CPFGNUIGD·WFG WOJGT #JQTP NCWDMTCP\ OO 'KOGT p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5607

$'.)+5%* -10)1

-10)1

.GQRQNF ++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP % &GXTGGUG CWH FGP DGNIKUEJGP 'PVFGEMGT KO -QPIQ #NGZCPFTG &GNEQOOWPG

Ó UGKPG 'PVFGEMWPIGP DGHCJTDCTGT 9CUUGTUVTCGP FGU -QPIQDGEMGPU WPF UGKPG 'ZRGFKVKQPGP PCEJ -CVCPIC $TWUVDKNF &GXTGGUGU N OKV *WV WPF /CPVGN 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ #NGZCPFTG &GNEQOOWPG YCT $GCOVGT FGT (QTEG 2WDNKSWG GKPGT 2QNK\GK WPF /KNKV·TGKPJGKV KO -QPIQ

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \WO -QPIQ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 256

KUBA

5608

-7$# -7$# 706'4 52#0+5%*'4 *'445%*#(6

2JKNKRR +8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'TDGWVWPI FGT CWU /GZKMQ MQOOGPFGP URCPKUEJGP 5KNDGTHNQVVG FWTEJ FGP PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP #FOKTCN 2KGV *G[P KP FGT $WEJV XQP /CVCP\CU 0KGFGTN·PFKUEJG 5EJKHHG WO\KPIGNP FKG URCPKUEJG 5KNDGTHNQVVG <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 5NI (QPTQDGTV p X .QQP ++ 5 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 2KGV 2GVGT *G[P

&GNHUJCXGP DGK 4QVVGTFCO HWJT NCPIG <GKV CNU GKPHCEJGT 5EJKHHUMCRKV·P CWH *CPFGNU UEJKHHGP 'T YCT \GKVYGKNKI KP URCPKUEJGT )GHCPIGPUEJCHV WPF OWVG CWH GKPGT )CNGGTG TWFGTP VTCV GT CNU 8K\GCFOKTCN KP FGP &KGPUV FGT 9GUVKPFKUEJGP -QORCPKG 'T UEJNWI FKG 5RCPKGT DGK 5CP 5CNXCFQT WPF KP FGT #NNGTJGKNKIGPDWEJV $TCUKNKGP YQ GT TGKEJDGNCFGPG 5EJKHHG XQP FGP 5RCPKGTP ÒDGTPCJO 0CEJFGO GT XQP FGT -QORCPKG \WO #FOKTCN GTPCPPV YQTFGP YCT GTQDGTVG GT KP FGT $WEJV XQP /CVCP\CU CWH -WDC FKG ITQG URCPKUEJG 5KNDGTHNQVVG FGTGP .CFWPI CWH /KNNKQPGP )WNFGP IGUEJ·V\V YWTFG <WT $GNQJPWPI YWTFG GT \WO #FOKTCNNGWVPCPV CNUQ \WO 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP (NQVVG GTPCPPV 5GKPG PGWG #WHICDG YCT FKG $NQEMCFG FGU HN·OKUEJGP &ÒPMKTEJGP FC XQP FQTV CWU XKGNG URCPKUEJG -CRGTHCJTGT QRGTKGTVGP 2KGV *G[P UVCTD KO ,WPK Y·JTGPF GKPGT 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK 1QUVGPFG KO 5EJGNFG -CPCN 'T YWTFG KP FGT #NVGP -KTEJG \W &GNHV DGKIGUGV\V

5609

5609 1,5:1

%CTNQU +++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 6 ( 2TKGVQ CWH FGP 6QF FGT URCPKUEJGP 1DGTUVGP WPF 5EJKHHUMCRKV·PG .WKU FG 8GNCUEQ WPF 8KEGPVG )QP\CNG\ DGK FGT 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT (GUVWPI %CUVKNNQ FG NQU VTGU 4G[GU FGN /QTTQ *CXCPPC IGIGP FKG 'PIN·PFGT IGYKFOGV XQP FGT 5RCPKUEJGP #MCFGOKG FGT -ÒPUVG OKV FGT )GPGJOKIWPI FGU -ÌPKIU &KG WPKHQTOKGTVGP $TWUVDKNFGT XQP FG 8GNCUEQ WPF )QP\CNG\ PGDGPGKPCPFGT T &KG XQP 5EJKHHGP DGNCIGTVG (GUVWPI YKTF KP FKG .WHV IGURTGPIV OO 'KOGT 9WT\DCEJ 44 9KP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

257

MAROKKO

.+$#010

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGU -CUVGNNU XQP 5KFQP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5610

5610 1,5:1

/#.#;5+# /#.#;5+# 706'4 $4+6+5%*'4 *'445%*#(6

)GQTIG 8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT OCNCKKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT .CPFYKTVUEJCHV WPF )CTVGPDCW /CNC[CP #ITK *QTVKEWNVWTCN #UUQEKCVKQP 7HGTNCPFUEJCHV OKV 2CNOGP $QQVGP WPF GKPGO 5EJKHH KO *KPVGTITWPF 5QPPG JKPVGT $GTIMGVVG -TQPG ÒDGT \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV \W FGP 5GKVGP JTGP OO I -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5611

1,5:1

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/WNG[ +UOCGN 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) $QYGT CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU OCTQMMCPKUEJGP )GUCPFVGP -CKF /QJCOOGF DGP *CFW 1VVWT *COGV DGP *COGV WPF -XCK 0ICDGJK 0C[C 9KRTC[C

-GC[ 0CDGG )GUCPFVGT CWU FGO -ÌPKITGKEJ $CPVCO +PFQPGUKGP KP .QPFQP $TWUVDKNF *COGVU T OKV 6WTDCP WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $TWUVDKNF 0CDGGU HCUV X X KP .CPFGUVTCEJV OO I 'KOGT 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC

MEXIKO

5612

/':+-1 &#5 8+<'-¤0+)4'+%* 0'752#0+'0 /':+-1

%CTNQU +++ 5KNDGTPG 2T·OKGPOGFCKNNG XQP ) # )KN CWH FKG 'TTKEJVWPI FGT MÌPKINKEJGP #MCFGOKG FGT 4GEJVG $TWUVDKNF T OKV 1TFGPUMGVVG WPF 1TFGPUDCPF #WH GKPGO (GNUGP UVGJV GKP OKV FGO URCPKUEJGP 9CRRGP IGUEJOÒEMVGT 6KUEJ WO FGP UKEJ GKP -TKGIGT FTGK )ÌVVKPPGP WPF GKPG MPKGPFG )GUVCNV DGHKPFGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF N GKP 2KNIGT WPF T GKP UKV\GPFGT /CPP OO I 5NI 'TDUVGKP 5NI (QPTQDGTV p 9WT\DCEJ FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC

5613

(GTPCPFQ 8++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 6 5WTKC CWH FKG 'TTKEJVWPI FGU <GPVTCNTCVGU &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP /GZKMQU UVGJV PCEJ T CNU +PFKCPGTKP IGMNGKFGV OKV (GFGTMTQPG 2HGKN WPF -ÌEJGT KP FGT 4GEJVGP *·WRVNKPIUUVCD KP FGT .KPMGP $NWOGPMTCP\ KJT IGIGPÒDGT UVGJV FKG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP 5RCPKGPU OKV (TGKJGKVUUVCD WPF QXCNGO 5EJKNF N FTGK \WIGDWPFGPG WPF GKP IGÌHHPGVGT )GNFDGWVGN CO $QFGP NKGIGP \GTDTQEJGPG #TOCVWTGP KO *KPVGTITWPF T )GPKWU OKV &QNEJ WPF 5RGGT +P GKPGO 5CCN OKV FTGKUVWHKIGT 'TJÌJWPI \YKUEJGP \YGK 5·WNGP UKV\GP FTGK /·PPGT KP 7PKHQTO CP GKPGO OKV 2N·PGP DGFGEMVGP 6KUEJ KO 8QTFGTITWPF N IGMTÌPVGT .ÌYG FGT \YGK 'TFJ·NHVGP OKV FGP 2TCPMGP \WUCOOGPJ·NV WPF GKP (CUEGUDÒPFGN KO 5CCN \GTUVTGWV NKGIGP FKG #VVTKDWVG FGT -ÒPUVG WPF FGU *CPFGNU OO I 5NI (QPTQDGTV FQTV KP $TQP\G 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5614

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( )QTFKNNQ CWH UGKPGP 5KGI CO /QPVG FG NCU %TWEGU ÒDGT FKG #WHUV·PFKUEJGP &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5EJNCEJV QDGP GKP UVTCJNGPFGU /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO $TWUVDKNF FGU -ÌPKIU \W FGP 5GKVGP )GPKWU OKV 5RKGIGN D\Y .ÌYG OKV <GRVGT CWH 9QNMGP <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP 5VGTP OO I 5NI (QPTQDGTV 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

259

PERU

5615

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8GTGKPKIVG 5VCCVGP UGKV 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / %GPVWTKQP CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU #WHUVCPFGU FWTEJ FGP OGZKMCPKUEJGP 2TKGUVGT /KIWGN *KFCNIQ

Ó CO 5GRVGODGT WPF FGP FCOKV CWUIGNÌUVGP 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVUMTKGI &KG N XQTCPUEJTGKVGPFGP #WHUV·PFKUEJGP KP .CPF UEJCHV $ÒUVG FGU *KFCNIQ XQT 'KEJDCWO \YKUEJGP \YGK YGKDNKEJGP )GUVCNVGP QDGP UEJYGDGPFGT )GPKWU FGT GKPGP -TCP\ ÒDGT FKG $ÒUVG J·NV KO 8QTFGTITWPF #FNGT OKV 5EJNCPIG KO 5EJPCDGN OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5616

&+' 4'27$.+- 2'47

2'47

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG \W 2GUQ XQP # &CXCNQU CWH FKG $GUEJYÌTWPI FGT PGWGP 8GTHCUUWPI &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG (TGKJGKV UVGJV PCEJ T CWH GKPGT FTGKUEJY·P\KIGP 5EJNCPIG KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5VCD FCTCWH (TGKJGKVUOÒV\G KP FGT CWUIGUVTGEMVGP .KPMGP GKP CWHIGUEJNCIGPGU $WEJ 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 5NI (QPTQDGTV (GKPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5617

260

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP . 9KGPGT 9GTMUVCVV * 'OCPWGN .QPFQP CWH FCU $ÒPFPKU XQP 2GTW #TIGPVKPKGP 'EWCFQT WPF %JKNG UQYKG FKG 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT 5VCFV %CNNCQ IGIGP FKG URCPKUEJG (NQVVG &KG XKGT 4GRWDNKMGP FWTEJ #OC\QPGP FCTIGUVGNNV UVGJGP CP GKPGO DTGPPGPFGP #NVCT #PUKEJV FGT CPITGKHGPFGP URCPKUEJGP (NQVVG XQT %CNNCQ QDGP \YGK UEJYGDGPFG )GPKGP OO 5NI (QPTQDGTV -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

PERU

5618

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGU *CHGPU XQP %CNNCQ #PUKEJV FGU *CHGPU CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG WOJGT 8KGTRC 5KGDGP <GKNGP \WO 6GKN IGDQIGPG 5EJTKHV OO I 5NI (QPTQDGTV -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5619

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % ' $T[CPV CWH FKG )TWPFUVGKPNGIWPI FGU 6TCPU #PFGP 'KUGPDCJPUVTGEMGP CDUEJPKVVU XQP %CNNCQ PCEJ .C 1TQ[C 'KUGPDCJP H·JTV PCEJ T CWH GKPGT $TÒEMG KP 4KEJVWPI .C 1TQ[C KO *KPVGTITWPF #PFGPNCPFUEJCHV <GKNGP \WO 6GKN IGDQIGPG 5EJTKHV OKV FGP 0COGP FGT DGVGKNKIVGP 2GTUQPGP OO I /Q[CWZ 0CEJVTCI 5NI (QPTQDGTV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 'KUGPDCJP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5620

5620 1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ( 4QFTKIWG\ CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGT *CHGPCPNCIG XQP 6TWLKNNQ CO ,WNK 5VCFVYCRRGP XQP 6TWLKNNQ WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ #PUKEJV FGT *CHGPCPNCIG OO I (GKPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

261

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5621

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5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' (WEJU CWH FKG KP FGP ,CJTGP Y·JTGPF FGU $WTGPMTKGIGU IGHCNNGPGP GPINKUEJGP 5QNFCVGP WPF FGP (TKGFGPUYWPUEJ )GHNÒIGNVG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV ¤N\YGKI KP FGT 4GEJVGP MPKGV PGDGP GKPGO )GHCNNGPGP FGT GKPG (CJPG KO #TO J·NV KP .CPFUEJCHV KO *KPVGTITWPF N )GHGEJVU U\GPG 5QNFCV UVGJV PCEJ N CWH *ÒIGN FGP -QRH PCEJ XQTP IGYCPFV WPF UVGEMV UGKP 5EJYGTV GKP FC JKPVGT -CXCNNGTKG KO *KPVGTITWPF 5EJKHHG CWH 5GG N 5QPPG OKV 2#: OO I 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ &CU 8GTGKPKIVG -ÌPKITGKEJ GTMN·TVG KO ,CJTG 5ÒFCHTKMC \W UGKPGT -QNQPKG 7O FGT DTKVKUEJGP 2QNKVKM WPF FGT MWNVWTGNNGP ªDGTOCEJV \W GPVMQOOGP YCPFGTVGP XKGNG CHTKMCPKUEJG (CTOGT $WTGP PQTFY·TVU WPF ITÒPFGVGP FKG WPCDJ·PIKIGP $WTGP 4GRWDNKMGP 6TCPUXCCN <WKF #HTKMCPKUEJG 4GRWDNKM WPF FGP 1TCPIG (TGG 5VCVG KP FGP ,CJTGP WPF +P 'PINCPF GPUVCPF GKPG RQNKVKUEJG 1RRQUKVKQP IGIGP FKG DGKFGP 4GRWDNKMGP #NU KP FGP 5KGFNWPIU IGDKGVGP FCPP PQEJ ITQG &KCOCPV WPF )QNFXQTMQOOGP IGHWPFGP YWTFGP MCO GU \WO -TKGI \YKUEJGP 'PINCPF WPF FGP $WTGPTGRWDNKMGP &KG $WTGPMTKGIG FCWGTVGP XQP WPF XQP WPF GPFGVGP OKV FGT 'KPINKGFGTWPI KP FCU DTKVKUEJG +ORGTKWO

5622

5623

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG ! WPUKIPKGTV CWH FCU 'PFG FGU $WTGPMTKGIGU $TWUVDKNF FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP 2CWN -TÒIGT

Ó TGI ÒDGT &QTPGP WPF &KUVGN\YGKI JCNDT KO *KPVGTITWPF GTUEJQUUGPGT $WTG FGUUGP (TCW WPF -KPF XQT GKPGO DTKVKUEJGP 5QNFCVGP MPKGP FCJKPVGT GKP DTGPPGPFGU *CWU CO #TOCDUEJPKVV (KFGU 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP -ÌPKI 'FYCTF 8++ JCNDN ÒDGT .QTDGGT\YGKIGP XQP FGO NKPMGP HCNNGP $NWVUVTQRHGP JGTCD WPF XGTYCPFGNP UKEJ KP )GNFUVÒEMG KO *KPVGTITWPF -TKGIUUEJKHH FCJKPVGT 5QPPG CO #TOCDUEJPKVV 5RGU OO I 9WT\DCEJ FQTV KTTVÒONKEJG 8QTFGT UGKVGPDGUEJTGKDWPI 4 (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

6*#+.#0& &#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 6*#+.#0&

4COC 8 %JWNCNQPIMQTP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP ' 9GKICPF WPF ( 9 -WNNTKEJ \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG $CFG QFGT *CCTUEJPGKFG\GTGOQPKG FGU 2TKP\GP /CJC 8CLKTWPJKU XQP 5KCO $TWUVDKNF FGU 2TKP\GP OKV GKPGT URKV\GP -TQPG HCUV X X WOJGT 5EJTKHV KP FTGK <GKNGP #WH GKPGO 2QPVQP UEJYKOOV GKP 5EJTGKP KP 2CNCUVHQTO OO I 5QOOGT 9 WPF - 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

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5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'TQDGTWPI XQP 6TKPKFCF FWTEJ FKG $TKVGP 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU DTKVKUEJGP )GPGTCNU 5KT 4CNRJ #DGTETQOD[

Ó HCUV X X #PUKEJV FGU *CHGPU XQP 2QTV QH 5RCKP *CWRVUVCFV XQP 6TKPKFCF WPF 6QDCIQ OO I 'KOGT C 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5625

8'4'+0+)6' 56##6'0 810 #/'4+-# 75#

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$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # &WRT¾ CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU COGTKMCPKUEJGP 5VCCVUOCPPGU WPF 5EJTKHVUVGNNGTU $GPLCOKP (TCPMNKP

$QUVQP Ó 2JKNCFGNRJKC $TWUVDKNF N 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP 'KEJGPMTCP\ OO #FCOU $GPVNG[ 5 HH 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5626

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP / (ÒTUV CWH FGP #PITKHH FGT 755 9CUR WPVGT FGO COGTKMCPKUEJGP -QOOCPFCPVGP ,CEQD 0KEJQNCU ,QPGU

Ó IGIGP FKG GPINKUEJG */5 (TQNKE WPVGT FGO -QOOCPFCPVGP 6JQOCU 9JKP[CVGU KO 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVUMTKGI $TKVKUEJ #OGTKMCPKUEJGT -TKGI CO 1MVQDGT 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU -QOOCPFCPVGP ,CEQD ,QPGU T &KG DGKFGP -TKGIUUEJKHHG KO )GHGEJV CWH 5GG OO 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG DGKFGP -TKGIUUEJKHHG FKG 755 9CUR WPF FKG */5 (TQNKE UEJQUUGP UKEJ KPPGTJCND GKPGT 5VWPFG IGIGPUGKVKI \W 9TCEMU QDYQJN FKG 9CUR CO 'PFG UKGIVG &KG #OGTKMCPGT MQPPVGP UKEJ CDGT PWT GKP RCCT 5VWPFGP ÒDGT FGP 5KGI HTGWGP FC FCU GPINKUEJG .KPKGPUEJKHH 2QKEVKGTU WPVGT ,QJP 2QGT $GTGUHQTF FKG DGKFGP -QPVTCJGPVGP \WGTUV HCPF WPF DGKFG 5EJKHHG \W UGKPGT $GWVG OCEJVG &KG .GKUVWPI XQP ,CEQD ,QPGU YWTFG PCEJ UGKPGT 4ÒEMMGJT KP FKG 8GTGKPKIVGP 5VCCVGP VTQV\ FGU 8GTNWUVGU CNNIGOGKP DGYWPFGTV WPF GT GTJKGNV GKPG )QNFOGFCKNNG FGU -QPITGUUGU WPF YWTFG KP FGP 4CPI GKPGU -CRKV·PU DGHÌTFGTV

263

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5627

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ' 4QICV CWH FKG *GNFGP KO #OGTKMCPKUEJGP 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVUMTKGI )GQTIG 9CUJKPIVQP

Ó )GPGTCN )TÒPFGTXCVGT WPF GTUVGT 2T·UKFGPV FGT 75# 6CFGWU\ -QUEKWU\MQ

Ó )GPGTCN CP FGT 5GKVG 9CUJKPIVQPU WPF /CTKG ,QUGRJ FW /QVKGT /CTSWKU FG .C (C[GVVG

Ó )GPGTCNOCLQT KO #OGTKMCPKUEJGP 7PCDJ·PIKIMGKVUMTKGI $ÒUVGP FGT FTGK )GPGT·NG PGDGPGKPCPFGT N <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OKV &CVGP CWU KJTGO .GDGP FC\YKUEJGP FTGK 'KEJGP NCWDMT·P\G OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5628

264

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , $ .QPICETG #WU\GKEJPWPI FGU 2T·UKFGPVGP HÒT FGP -QOOCPFGWT &WPECP 0CVJCPKGN +PITCJCO

Ó HÒT UGKPG 8GTJCPFNWPIGP \WT (TGKNCUUWPI FGU 7PICTP /CTVKP -QU\VC FGT CWH GKPGO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -TKGIUUEJKHH XQT 5O[TPC KP FGT 6ÒTMGK IGHCPIGPIGJCNVGP YWTFG 5EJKHHG CWH 5GG <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPVGP #FNGT OKV 5VGTPGP WPF 5VTCJNGP WOJGT .QTDGGT WPF 'KEJGP\YGKI OO 44 8QT\ÒINKEJ

USA

5629

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 7PCDJÂ·PIKIMGKV 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV 5EJYGTV KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF GTJQDGPGT .KPMGP MPKGV HCUV X X QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 5VGTPGPMTCP\ 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UVGJV X X WPF JÂ·NV \YGK -TÂ·P\G Ã&#x2019;DGT FTGK YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNVGP OKV #VVTKDWVGP FGT -WPUV WPF FGU *CPFYGTMU OO 5YQIGT + FX 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -Ã&#x2019;PMGT 1UPCDTÃ&#x2019;EM 0T

5630

8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 1 4QV[ \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG (TCPMQ #OGTKMCPKUEJG 7PKQP WPF FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGT (TGKJGKVUUVCVWG KP 0GY ;QTM &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP XQP #OGTKMC WPF (TCPMTGKEJ UKV\GP PGDGPGKPCPFGT PCEJ N KP GKPGO $QQV WPF DNKEMGP \WT (TGKJGKVUUVCVWG JKPÃ&#x2019;DGT XQT KJPGP UKV\V GKP IGHNÃ&#x2019;IGNVGT )GPKWU /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO 2QTVTÂ·V FGU 'TDCWGTU (TÂ¾FÂ¾TKE #WIWUVG $CTVJQNFK

Ã&#x201C; N CWH .QTDGGT\YGKI FCJKPVGT \YGK 5EJKNFG FCTWPVGT XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPF GKPG NGGTG 6CHGN HÃ&#x2019;T 5KIPCVWTGP \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG ,CJTGU\CJNGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G (Ã&#x2019;NNJQTP $410<' OO 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -Ã&#x2019;PMGT 1UPCDTÃ&#x2019;EM 0T

265

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5631

)CNXCPQRNCUVKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 /CTVKP[ CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT #OVUGKPHÒJTWPI XQP )GQTIG 9CUJKPIVQP

8KTIKPKC Ó 8KTIKPKC CNU GTUVGT 2T·UKFGPV FGT 8GTGKPKIVGP 5VCCVGP $TWUVDKNF 9CUJKPIVQPU N N (CUEGU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP #FNGT OKV $NKV\DÒPFGN WPF 9CRRGP WOJGT 5VGTPGPMTCP\ OO 5GJT UEJÌPG #TDGKV

5632

266

$TQP\GOGFCKNNQP XQP # %CRRWEEKQ 9GTMUVCVV 5 ,QJPUQP /CKNCPF OQFGNNKGTV XQP . 2QINKCIJK CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'PVFGEMWPI #OGTKMCU FWTEJ %JTKUVQRJ %QNWODWU /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO $TWUV DKNF FGU 'PVFGEMGTU JCNDN \W FGP 5GKVGP FCU RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG #OGTKMC WPF 'WTQRC QDGP 9GNVMWIGN WPVGP #FNGT &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG <KXKNKUCVKQP UEJYGDV PCEJ N WOIGDGP XQP XKGT )GPKGP FKG 9QJNUVCPF WPF *CPFGN U[ODQNKUKGTGP WPVGP GKPG )TWRRG XQP HNKGJGPFGP +PFKCPGTP KO *KPVGTITWPF CWHIGJGPFG 5QPPG ÒDGT *CHGPUVCFV WOJGT FKG 9CRRGP FGT COGTKMCPKUEJGP 5VCCVGP WPF FKG TÌOKUEJGP ,CJTGU\CJNGP WPF OO 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

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5633

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # 5CKPV )CWFGPU WPF % ' $CTDGT 2TGKUOGFCKNNG FGT 9GNV -QNWODWU #WUUVGNNWPI CPN·NKEJ FGT ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'PVFGEMWPI #OGTKMCU FWTEJ %JTKUVQRJ %QNWODWU %QNWODWU UVGJV JCNDN OKV CWUIGDTGKVGVGP #TOGP JKPVGT KJO 5GGNGWVG OKV (CJPG 5EJTKHVVCHGN OKV UGEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV UQYKG GKPGT YGKVGTGP MNGKPGP 6CHGN OKV FGO 0COGP FGU 2T·OKGTVGP #.': 64+#06# (;..+&'5 \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKPG (CEMGN QDGP \YGK 'PIGN OKV 2QUCWPG D\Y 5VKHV WPF 6CHGN FC\YK UEJGP )NQDWU WPVGP 5EJKHH OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5634

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG JGTIGUVGNNV XQP FGT (KTOC )QTJCO 5KNXGTUOKVJU 5QIGPCPPVGT $T[CP &QNNCT 9CIGPTCF FCU FKG WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJGP )TÌGP FGT 5KNXGT &QNNCTU XGTINGKEJGPF FCTUVGNNV 0GWP <GKNGP \WO 6GKN IGDQIGPG 5EJTKHV OO I *KDNGT -CRRGP 5EJQTPUVGKP 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5635

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ' (WEJU CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'PVFGEMWPI FGU *WFUQP 4KXGTU FWTEJ FGP 5GGHCJTGT *GPT[ *WFUQP

WO ÓWO KO ,CJTG WPF FKG GTUVG &CORHGTHCJTV CWH FGO (NW FWTEJ FGP +PIGPKGWT WPF &CORHUEJKHHDCWGT 4QDGTV (WNVQP

Ó 5KGDGP 5EJKHHUNGWVG DGKO .QVGP &TGK PGDGPGKPCPFGT UKV\GPFG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNVGP XQP FGPGP FKG /KVVNGTG GKP 5EJKHHUOQFGNN CWH FGO 5EJQ J·NV FKG NKPMG J·NV GKPGP #PMGT FKG TGEJVG GKPGP 5VKHV WPF GKPGP $QIGP 2CRKGT QDGP GKP $KNFPKU (WNVQPU OKV .GDGPUFCVGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV /KV 4CPFRWP\GP 56'4.+0) WPF 9*+6'*'#& *1#) OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

267

USA

5636

8GTUKNDGTVG <KPMOGFCKNNG Q , FGT /GVCN #TVU %QORCP[ 0GY ;QTM IGHGTVKIV \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP #PITKHH FGT ,CRCPGT CWH FKG 75 2C\KHKMHNQVVG KP 2GCTN *CTDQWT Y·JTGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU CO &G\GODGT (NWI\GWIG DQODCTFKGTGP -TGW\GT (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT 5VGTPGPMTCP\ OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ 2GCTN *CTDQWT NKGIV CNU /CTKPGUVÒV\RWPMV CP FGT 5ÒFMÒUVG FGT +PUGN 1CJW *CYCKK #O &G\GODGT ÒDGTHKGNGP XQP (NWI\GWIVT·IGTP IGUVCTVGVG 'KPJGKVGP FGT LCRCPKUEJGP .WHVYCHHG QJPG XQTJGTKIG -TKGIUGTMN·TWPI FKGUGP DGFGWVGPFUVGP 75 /CTKPGUVÒV\RWPMV KO 2C\KHKM XGTUGPMVGP QFGT DGUEJ·FKIVGP CEJV 5EJNCEJV WPF GNH YGKVGTG -TKGIUUEJKHHG &GT ªDGTHCNN HÒJTVG \WT 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI FGT CWH OKNKV·TKUEJG +PVGTXGPVKQP IGIGP FKG #EJUGPO·EJVG IGTKEJVGVGP 2QNKVKM ( & 4QQUGXGNVU FWTEJ FKG COGTKMCPKUEJG ¤HHGPVNKEJMGKV &WTEJ FGP 'KPVTKVV FGT 75# GTJKGNV FGT <YGKVG 9GNVMTKGI KP FGP HQNIGPFGP ,CJTGP GKPG GPVUEJGKFGPFG 9GPFWPI 3WGNNG /G[GTU 'P\[MNQR·FKUEJGU .GZKMQP

5637

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 2T·OKG FGT %WTVKUU 9TKIJV %QTRQTCVKQP #KTRNCPG &KXKUKQP $WHHCNQ 0 ; <YGK (NWI\GWIG N XQT 9QNMGP FC\YKUEJGP (NCIIG 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP FCU 'ODNGO FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV OO +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK -N (NGEMGP HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5638

268

8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XGTNKGJGP CP 2GTUQPGP FKG XQP HÒT FKG -TKGIU HKPCP\KGTWPI IGURGPFGV JCDGP &CTUVGNNWPI FGU 75 /CTKPG %QTRU 9CT /GOQTKCN KP 4QUUN[P 8KTIKPKC FCTWPVGT $CPF OKV FGO ITCXKGTVGP 0COGP FGU 2T·OKGTVGP 5 '8#05 ,4 5QNFCV OKV )GYGJT UVGJV JCNDT T /GFCKNNQP OKV 9CRRGP OO 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

USA

5639

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 5KPPQEM CWH 'TPGPPWPI XQP *CTT[ 5 6TWOCP

Ã&#x201C; \WO 2TÂ·UKFGPVGP PCEJ FGO 6QF 4QQUGXGNVU CO #RTKN WPF CWH UGKPGP IGNGKUVGVGP #OVUGKF CO ,CPWCT $TWUVDKNF 6TWOCPU N #PUKEJV FGU 9GKÂGP *CWUGU KP 9CUJKPIVQP OO 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

5640

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'THKPFWPI FGU )CVNKPI /CUEJKPGPIGYGJTGU

)CVNKPI )WP FWTEJ FGP 'THKPFGT 4KEJCTF ,QTFCP )CVNKPI

Ã&#x201C; $TWUVDKNF )CVNKPIU JCNDT /CUEJKPGPIGYGJT KP .CPFUEJCHV OO 4 9KP\ (NGEMGP XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ $GTGKVU GTJKGNV ,COGU 2WEMNG FCU GTUVG 2CVGPV CWH GKP /CUEJKPGPIGYGJT OKV 6TQOOGNOCIC\KP +O GTUVGP ,CJT FGU #OGTKMCPKUEJGP $Ã&#x2019;TIGTMTKGIU MQPUVTWKGTVG 4KEJCTF ,QTFCP )CVNKPI FKG UQIGPCPPVG )CVNKPI )WP GKPG CWVQOCVKUEJG (GWGTYCHHG FKG CWH GKPGT \YGKTÂ·FTKIGP .CHGVVG GKPIGUGV\V YWTFG 5KG JCV FC\W DGKIGVTCIGP FCÂ FKGUGT $Ã&#x2019;TIGTMTKGI CNU GKPGT FGT DNWVKIUVGP #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU KP FKG )GUEJKEJVG GKPIGICPIGP KUV

269

VIETNAM

5641

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT XQP 0GY ;QTM WPF FKG 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI &CU 5VCFVYCRRGP XQP 0GY ;QTM &KG 'TFMWIGN KO 9GNVCNN OO I -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -Ã&#x2019;PMGT 1UPCDTÃ&#x2019;EM 0T

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W FGP 75# HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5642

#00#/

270

8+'60#/

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , CD WPUKIPKGTV IGHGTVKIV KP FGT FGT /QPPCKG FG 2CTKU /Â·PPNKEJG )GUVCNV KP 6TCEJV WOJGT NCPFGUV[RKUEJG 1TPCOGPVG &TCEJG /KV 4CPFRWP\G (Ã&#x2019;NNJQTP $410<' O 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

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5643

&#5 4¤/+5%* &'765%*' 4'+%*

/CZKOKNKCP + 5EJCWIWNFKPGT Q , *CNN XQP 7NTKEJ 7TUGPVJCNGT I )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T &GT -CKUGT TGKVGV T KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV XQT KJO &KGPGT OKV .CP\G WPVGT FGO 2HGTF GKP IGHCNNGPGT -TKGIGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF *GNNGDCTFG FCTWPVGT FKG 9CRRGP XQP 7PICTP $WTIWPF *CDUDWTI WPF ¤UVGTTGKEJ QDGP N 'PIGN OKV 4GKEJUUEJKNF 'II 8QINJ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU QTKIKPCNXGTIQNFGVGU 'ZGORNCT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP * & 4CWEJ 9KGP 0T

5644

1,5:1

5644

)WNFKPGT Q , PCEJ *CNN 5EJCWUVÒEM IGRT·IV \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP UGKPG *QEJ\GKV FCJGT CWEJ *QEJ\GKVUIWNFKPGT IGPCPPV 5VGORGN XQP 7NTKEJ 7TUGPVJCNGT Ç /#:+/+.+#0 Ú /#)0#0+/ Û #4%*+&8: Û #8564+' Û $84)80& ,WIGPFNKEJGU $TWUVDKNF /CZKOKNKCPU + T OKV 'JTGPMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN \W FGP 5GKVGP '6# 6+5 Û Û Ç /#4+# Û -#41.+ Û (+.+# Ú *'4'5 Ú $84)80& Ú $4#$ Û %10+8)'5 ,WIGPFNKEJGU $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKC XQP $WTIWPF KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP T WPVGT FGO $TWUVDKNF FKG ,CJTGU\CJN \W FGP 5GKVGP Û '6#6 +5 Û < Û OO I &CX p 'II / 6 8QINJ 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC (GNFGT FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG OKP RQNKGTV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ &KGUGT XQTNKGIGPFG 6CNGT DG\KGJV UKEJ CWH GKP 'TGKIPKU FCU HÒT FCU *CWU *CDUDWTI XQP GRQEJCNGT $GFGWVWPI YWTFG &KG *QEJ\GKV FGU *CDUDWTIGT 'T\JGT\QIU /CZKOKNKCP FGU UR·VGTGP -CKUGTU FGU NGV\VGP 4KVVGTU OKV /CTKC XQP $WTIWPF HCPF KP )GPV KO ,CJT UVCVV /CTKC YCT 6QEJVGT -CTNU FGU -ÒJPGP WPF 'TDKP FGU *GT\QIVWOU $WTIWPF GKPGU FGT TGKEJUVGP .·PFGTMQORNGZG FCU FKG )GDKGVG FGU GKIGPVNKEJGP $WTIWPF KP 0QTF WPF 9GUVHTCPMTGKEJ UQYKG .QVJTKPIGP .WZGODWTI WPF FKG 0KGFGTNCPFG WOHCUUVG &KGUGT 6CNGT YWTFG PCEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGT \YGKVGP )GOCJNKP /CTKC $KCPEC 5HQT\C KP *CNN KP 6KTQN IGRT·IV WPF UVCOOV XQP FGO 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 7NTKEJ 7TUGPVCNGT CWU *CNN 'T \GKIV /CZKOKNKCP KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP WPF /CTKC KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP /CZKOKNKCP JCVVG GKPG 8QTNKGDG HÒT ITQG 5EJCWOÒP\GP OKV UGKPGO $KNFPKU CWH FGTGP )GUVCNVWPI GT UGNDUV 'KPHNW PCJO /CTKC DGJGTTUEJVG DGKFG .CPFGUURTCEJGP HN·OKUEJ WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJ RGTHGMV NGTPVG CDGT CWEJ .CVGKP WPF GTJKGNV 4GNKIKQPU WPF )GUEJKEJVUWPVGTTKEJV /WUKM YCT KJT .KGDNKPIUHCEJ /CTKC ICNV CNU GKPG FGT UEJÌPUVGP (TCWGP KJTGT <GKV /CZKOKNKCP NKGDVG UKG UGJT #P GKPGP (TGWPF UEJTKGD GT ÒDGT UKG KEJ JCD GKP UEJÌPGU HTQOOGU WPF VWIGPFJCHVGU YGKD WPF IQVV FCHÒT FCPMG UKG KUV UEJPGGYGK DTCWPGU JCCT GKP MNGKPGU P·UN GKP MNGKPGU J·WRVN WPF CPVNKV\ CWIGP DTCWP WPF ITCW IGOKUEJV UEJÌP WPF NCWVGT FGT OWPF TGKP WPF TQV GKP XKGN UEJÌPGTG LWPIHTCW CNU KEJ IGUGJGP JCD WPF HTÌJNKEJ .GKFGT XGTWPINÒEMVG /CTKC FKG CNU $WTIWPFGTKP GKPG RGTHGMVG 4GKVGTKP UGKP OWUUVG KO ,CJTG FWTEJ GKPGP 5VWT\ XQO 2HGTF VÌFNKEJ 5KG YCT FCOCNU ,CJTG CNV

271

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5645 1,5:1

1,5:1

-CTN 8 -NGKPG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV 9GTMUVCVV 6QDKCU 9QNHH )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU &QRRGNCFNGT \YKUEJGP FGP 5·WNGP FGU *GTMWNGU KP /GGT QDGP -TQPG OO I $GTPJCTV *CDKEJ ++ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (GKP \KUGNKGTVGT 1TKIKPCNIW CWU FGO 'PFG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP 9GUVH·NKUEJG #WMVKQPUIGUGNNUEJCHV &QTVOWPF 0T

5646

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV 9GTMUVCVV .GQPG .GQPK CWH -CTN 8 )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF -CTNU 8 T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGT 1TFGPUMGVVG (NWIQVV FGT &QPCW NCIGTV PCEJ T KO 5EJKNH KP FGT .KPMGP 4WFGT FKG 4GEJVG CWH 3WGNNWTPG IGNGIV OO I $GTPJCTV p 8QTFGTUGKVG $ÌTPGT 6QFGTK 8CPPGN p XIN <GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGT )W FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU Z IGNQEJV UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5647

1,5:1

5647

(GTFKPCPF + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , &GUEJNGT CWH FGP MCKUGTNKEJGP 4CV WPF 4CVUUEJTGKDGT (TCP\ ;IGNUJQHGT CWU 9KGP $TWUVDKNF ;IGNUJQHGTU JCNDT OKV $CTV WPF KP TGKEJ XGT\KGTVGO )GYCPF <YGKHCEJ DGJGNOVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF OO I *CDKEJ + 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV )GRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCN (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK /ÒJNDGTI IGIGP FGP 5EJOCNMCNFKUEJGP $WPF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

272

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5648

4WFQNH ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 'NUJQNV\ CWH FGP $GTIDGCOVGP WPF 5VCFVTKEJVGT XQP 5EJGOPKV\ &CXKF *QJGPDGTIGT XQP 9CNVGPDWTI $TWUVDKNF FGU $GCOVGP KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP HCUV X X OKV /ÒJNUVGKPMTCIGP $GJGNOVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OO I *WU\CT 2TQEQRKWU 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV )GRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCN #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI

5649

5648

1,5:1

'KPUGKVKIG QXCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 'FGNOCPP /CVJKCU 6JCNOCP $TWUVDKNF 6JCN OCPPU HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGT 1TFGPUMGVVG Z OO I $ÌJOKUEJG 2TKXCVOÒP\GP 5 5NI &QPGDCWGT 5NI *QTUM[ FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 )GRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCN 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI ªDGT /CVJKCU 6JCNOCP KUV PKEJVU YGKVGT DGMCPPV &GT 5VGORGN \W FKGUGT /GFCKNNG YWTFG NCPIG KP ,QCEJKOUVCN JGWVG KP 9KGP CWHDGYCJTV &CJGT FÒTHVG FKG /GFCKNNG CWEJ FQTV GPVUVCPFGP UGKP

5650 1,5:1

1,5:1

/CVVJKCU 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP %JT /CNGT CWH UGKPG DÌJOKUEJG 6JTQP HQNIG $TWUVDKNF T OKV &QNOCP WPF 4GKJGTOÒV\G )GJCTPKUEJVGT 4GKVGT T OKV 5EJYGTV KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP OO I 5NI *QTUM[ 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ \W )GRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCN 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

273

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5652

5651

5653

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT /CNGT CWH FGP 4GKEJUVCI KP 4GIGPUDWTI 'NH -CKUGT /GFCKNNG )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT CWH FGT $TWUV \YGKHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP WOJGT UGEJU /GFCKNNQPU OKV FGP $TWUVDKNFGTP JCDUDWTIKUEJGT *GTTUEJGT )GMTÌPVG 5EJTKHVVCHGN WOJGT HÒPH YGKVGTG 2QTVT·VU OO I 5NI 'TNCPIGT ++ 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 4 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ &KGUG /GFCKNNG KUV CWH FGP 'KP\WI FGU -CKUGTU /CVVJKCU KP 4GIGPUDWTI WPF UGKPG 6GKNPCJOG CO 4GKEJUVCI IGRT·IV 7PVGT -CKUGT 4WFQNH ++ FGO $TWFGT WPF 8QTI·PIGT XQP /CVVJKCU YCT 4GIGPUDWTI DGXQT\WIVGT 6CIWPIUQTV FGU YKEJVKIUVGP RQNKVKUEJGP )TGOKWOU FGU #NVGP 4GKEJGU IGYQTFGP 4GKEJUVCIG HCPFGP FQTV W C WPF UVCVV #WH DGKFGP 5GKVGP FGT /GFCKNNG YKTF KP 2QTVT·VOGFCKNNQPU UVCOODCWOCTVKI FKG /CEJV WPF *GTTUEJGTVTCFKVKQP FCTIGUVGNNV FKG FCU *CWU *CDUDWTI KPPGJCVVG )G\GKIV YGTFGP CNNG *CDUDWTIGT FKG FGWVUEJG -ÌPKIG WPF -CKUGT YCTGP XQP -ÌPKI 4WFQNRJ + DKU /CVVJKCU ªDGT FGO 2QTVT·V XQP /CVVJKCU KUV UGKPG &GXKUG \W NGUGP #/#6 8+%614+# %84#/ &GT 5KGI NKGDV FKG 5QTIHCNV 5KEJGTNKEJ KUV FKG 2T·IWPI CWEJ CNU 5KIPCN CP GKPKIG RTQVGUVCPVKUEJG 5V·PFG \W XGTUVGJGP FKG KO ,CJT WPVGT (ÒJTWPI FGT -WTRHCN\ FGP 4GKEJVCI WPVGT 2TQVGUV XGTNCUUGP JCVVGP &KG 0ÒPDGTIGT /GFCKNNG FGU /GFCKNNGWTU %JTKUVKCP /CNGT FGT CO 'PFG FGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPNGIGPFG OKV 014+$ ( % / UKIPKGTVG KUV OKVJKP GKP CPUEJCWNKEJGU &QMWOGPV FGT JCDUDWTIKUEJGP /CEJVRQNKVKM

(GTFKPCPF ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT # 2 CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI FGT 5VCFV 9KGP <YKVVGTRT·IWPI OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN CWH DGKFGP 5GKVGP $TWUVDKNFGT (GTFKPCPFU ++ WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 'NGQPQTG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGT *GT\QIU 8KP\GP\ + XQP /CPVWC T OKV ITQGP *CNU MTCWUGP FCTWPVGT ,CJTGU\CJN 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 9KGP KO #DUEJPKVV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OKV FGT ,CJTGU \CJN KP TÌOKUEJGP <KHHGTP OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 4 5GJT UEJÌP

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP .ÒDGEM OKV &·PGOCTM HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG *QEJ\GKV KJTGT 6QEJVGT %·EKNKC 4GPCVC OKV FGO RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKI 9NCFKUNCY +8 HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

(GTFKPCPF +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP XQP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM CO 1MVQDGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO 1MVQDGT $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU WOJGT GKPG CWU \YGK #FNGTP GKPGO .QTDGGT WPF GKPGO 2CNO\YGKI IGDKNFGVGP -CTVWUEJG QDGP -TQPG &GT -CKUGT MPKGV PCEJ T WPF DGVGV #EJ FCU KEJ JÌTGP UQNV FCU )QVV HTKGFG \WUCIV T TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG 8GTVTGVGT FGU -CKUGTU (TCPMTGKEJU WPF 5EJYGFGPU FKG *CPF FCXQT NKGIV FGT *WV FGU -CKUGTU PGDGP FGT 1TVUDG\GKEJPWPI OÒPUVGT FKG 7OUEJTKHV NCWVGV 970&'45#/' '4*ę470) KO #DUEJPKVV KP HÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV +/ ,#*4 &'0 1%6 5'+0&6 8'451'*06 &+' %410'0 41'/ (4#06< 8 5%*9'&+5%*' +/ 4'+%* <8 OO I &GVJ 1TF 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP 4GKEJUVCI KP 4GIGPUDWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPGT FGT 0T

274

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 9CJN (GTFKPCPFU +8 \WO TÌOKUEJGP -ÌPKI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5655

5654

.GQRQNF + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , *ÌJP CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI \WO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT KP (TCPMHWTV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 8NKGUMGVVG )GMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP UKV\V CWH 'TFMWIGN FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG OO I (ÌTUEJPGT p \W , W ( p \W 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'KPUGV\WPI FGT -QPHGTGP\ \WO (TKGFGP XQP 0KLOGIGP 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT ,CJTGU\CJN .CPFUEJCHV FCTKP GKP (GNUGP CWH FGO UKEJ GKP #FNGTJQTUV DGHKPFGV KO 8QTFGTITWPF HÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV \W FGP 5GKVGP *CJP WPF .ÌYG KO *KPVGTITWPF *·WUGT QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT p 2CZ KP 0WOOKU p 5NI *QTUM[ p 5NI ,WNKWU p 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p X .QQP p 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV DGMCPPVGU 'ZGORNCT *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 9KT MQPPVGP PWT GKP 8QTMQOOGP HGUVUVGNNGP #WMVKQP 4KGEJOCPP %Q :::8+++ 0T FQTV CNU WPGFKGTV DGUEJTKGDGP

5656

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * , 9QNTCD CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI WPF FGP 'PVUCV\ 9KGPU &GT -CKUGT KO -TÌPWPIUQTPCV MPKGV IGOGKPUCO OKV /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN XQP $C[GTP ,QJCPP )GQTI +++ XQP 5CEJUGP WPF ,QJCPP 5QDKGUM[ XQP 2QNGP CNNG DGVGP FGP UVTCJNGPFGP 0COGP ,'575 CP FGT ÒDGT KJTGP *·WRVGTP UEJYGDV JKPVGT LGFGO FGT $GVGPFGP DGHKPFGV UKEJ UGKP IGMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP CO $QFGP NKGIGP GKP 5EJYGTV WPF GKP RQNPKUEJGT 5·DGN IGMTGW\V FCTWPVGT /#*7/'& 5EJNCEJVU\GPG OKV CO $QFGP NKGIGPFGP )GHCNNGPGP FCTÒDGT UEJYGDV GKP IGMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF FGO 9KGPGT 5VCFVYCRRGP KP FGP (·PIGP KO *KPVGTITWPF T 5VCFVVGKNCPUKEJV XQP 9KGP QDGP GTUEJGKPV GKP 4GIGPDQIGP CWH FGO FKG (TKGFGPUVCWDG OKV ¤N\YGKI UKV\V /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV -TGKU FCTKP 2WPMV 9+'00 $'&'0%-' )166'5 )0#& m 51 '4 &+4 '49+'5'0 *#6 m &#0%-* +*/ #..<'+6 (4ª' 7 Ù 52#6* Ü OO I *KTUEJ 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ *GTTNKEJGU 5EJCWUVÒEM FGU KP 4GIGPUDWTI IGDQTGPGP WPF KP 0ÒTPDGTI IGUVQTDGPGP )QNFUEJOKGFU /ÒP\OGKUVGTU WPF /ÒP\YCTFGKPU FGT \WUCOOGP OKV FGO 0ÒTPDGTIGT /GFCKNNGPXGTNGIGT (TKGFTKEJ -NGKPGTV FKG FCOCNU DGTGKVU KP 'PINCPF WPF (TCPMTGKEJ DGMCPPVG 4·PFGNYGTMVGEJPKM \WT (GTVKIWPI GTJCDGPGT 4CPFUEJTKHVGP GTUVOCNU KP &GWVUEJNCPF CPIGYCPFV JCDGP UQNN

275

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5657

5659

5658

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , -KVVGN CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI WPF FGP 'PVUCV\ 9KGPU <YGK 5QPPGPIGUKEJVGT YGTHGP KJTG 5VTCJNGP CWH GKPGP )NQDWU OKV FGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 9KGP FCTWPVGT \WPGJOGPFGT /QPF <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP XGT\KGTVGT -CTVWUEJG WPVGP MNGKPG -CTVWUEJG GDGPHCNNU OKV 5EJTKHV OO I ( W 5 *KTUEJ 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP 'PVUCV\ 9KGPU XQP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGT 6QEJVGT /CTKC #PVQPKC OKV FGO -WTHÒTUVGP /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP / $TWPPGT CWH FKG 5KGIG FGU ,CJTGU ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP 'TFMWIGN CWH FGT '8412# WPF #5+# \W NGUGP KUV QDGP UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG WPVGP \GTDTQEJGPG /QPFUKEJGN ÒDGT GKPGO NKGIGPFGP 5VWPFGPINCU \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG ,CJTGU\CJN &CU /QPQITCOO .GQRQNFU + UVGJV CWH FGO \GTDTQEJGPGP /QPQITCOO FGU 5WNVCPU FCTWPVGT 5EJYGTV WPF \GTDTQEJGPGT &GIGP IGMTGW\V QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU &TGKGKPKIMGKVUU[ODQN /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV f .'121.& 6*76 -4 ((6+) 5+')'0 /#*7/'6* /75 706'0 .+')'0 Ü OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 /KV CNVGT +PXGPVCTPWOOGT FKG OKV UEJYCT\GT 6KPVG CWHIGDTCEJV KUV -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG HGKGTV KP 9QTVGP WPF GODNGOCVKUEJGP $KNFGTP -CKUGT .GQRQNF + CNU UVTCJNGPFGP 5KGIGT ÒDGT 5WNVCP /QJCOOGF +8

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , *ÌJP CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 1HGP $WFC )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG 5VCFVCPUKEJVGP XQP $WFC WPF 2GUV FC\YKUEJGP FKG &QPCW QDGP IGMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV <GRVGT WPF FGO WPICTKUEJGP 9CRRGPUEJKNF OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC $WFC YCT UGKV WPWPVGTDTQEJGP KP VÒTMKUEJGT *CPF VTQV\ FKXGTUGT $GNCIGTWPIUMCORCIPGP UGKVGPU FGT -CKUGTNKEJGP FKG \WNGV\V XGTIGDNKEJ FGP 8GTUWEJ WPVGTPQOOGP JCVVGP FKG 5VCFV \WTÒEM\WGTQDGTP 'KP XQP *GT\QI -CTN 8 XQP .QVJTKPIGP IGHÒJTVGU *GGT DGNCIGTVG $WFC UGKV FGO #WIWUV WPF MQPPVG FKG 4GUKFGP\UVCFV FGT WPICTKUEJGP -ÌPKIG UEJNKGNKEJ CO 5GRVGODGT GKPPGJOGP

276

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5660

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % 8KPEM WPF , -KVVGN CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 1HGP $WFC &KG 2GTUQPKHKMC VKQPGP XQP 7PICTP WPF FGT &QPCW UKV\GP CP GKPGO DTGPPGPFGP #NVCT FGT OKV FGO WPICTKUEJGP 9CRRGP IGUEJOÒEMV KUV #PUKEJV FGT DGNCIGTVGP WPF DGUEJQUUGPGP 5VCFV QDGP IGMTÌPVGT T HNKGIGPFGT #FNGT OKV 5EJYGTV WPF 9CRRGPUEJKNF OO I ( W 5 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI

5661

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 1HGP $WFC 'KPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGP FGT IGJCTPKUEJVGT #TO UEJN·IV OKV GKPGT 5VTGKVCZV FGTGP -NKPIG CWU FGO &QRRGNCFNGT OKV $KPFGPUEJKNF IGDKNFGV KUV CWH GKPGP 6QTDQIGP CWH FGO $QFGP NKGIV FKG CWU FGP #PIGNP IGJQDGPG \GTUVÌTVG 6ÒT KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV OKV 56#/$8. -QPUVCPVKPQRGN <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I (QTUVGT FQTV OKV HCNUEJ YKGFGTIGIGDGPGT 8QTFGTUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV 2QRGNMC 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI

5662

5662 1,5:1

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH FCU CPVKJCDUDWTIKUEJG $ÒPFPKU \YKUEJGP .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ ,COGU ++ XQP 'PINCPF FGO VÒTMKUEJGP 5WNVCP 5ÒNG[OCP ++ WPF FGO VÒTMKUEJGP #FOKTCN /G\\Q /QTVQ &KG XKGT $ÒPFPKURCTVPGT UVGJGP OKV KJTGP IG\QIGPGP 5EJYGTVGTP WO GKPGP OKV FGO %JTKUVWUOQPQITCOO WPF GKPGO *CNDOQPF XGT\KGTVGP #NVCT CWH FGO GKPG 5EJNCPIG NKGIV )GHNÒIGNVGT 5CVCP OKV 5EJYGTV WPF $NKV\DÒPFGN KP FGP *·PFGP UEJYGDV ÒDGT FTGK .KNKGPUVGPIGNP KP FGT /KVVG *CNDOQPF OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ X .QQP +++ 5 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

277

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5663

5KNDGTPGU 5VCOODCWOOGFCKNNQP XQP / $TWPPGT CWH UGKPGP 5QJP ,QUGH UR·VGT -CKUGT ,QUGH + $TWUVDKNF ,QUGHU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ FGT XQP GKPGO 5EJTKHV DCPF WOYWPFGP KUV /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO $TWUVDKNF .GQRQNFU + T WOJGT MNGKPGTG /GFCKNNQPU OKV FGP $TWUVDKNFGTP FGT JCDUDWTIKUEJGP -CKUGT FC\YKUEJGP .QTDGGT\YGKIG /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 5NI *QTUM[ 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 44 /KP (GKNURWT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5664

278

5KNDGTPGU 5VCOODCWOOGFCKNNQP Q , XQP / $TWPPGT CWH FKG -TÌPWPI UGKPGU 5QJPGU ,QUGH

UR·VGT -CKUGT ,QUGH + \WO TÌOKUEJGP -ÌPKI KP #WIUDWTI )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF ,QUGHU HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WOJGT XQP 5RTWEJDCPF WOYWPFGPGT .QTDGGT MTCP\ 5VCOODCWO KP FGT /KVVG /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO $TWUVDKNF .GQRQNFU + T CWH FGP <YGKIGP MNGKPGTG /GFCKNNQPU OKV FGP $TWUVDKNFGTP FGT JCDUDWTIKUEJGP -CKUGT /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV È (14680#6# 0181 )#8&' )'4/#0+# 4')' +56' 6885 %85615 8.614 +5 *156+5 '4+6 OO I (QTUVGT p 5NI *QTUM[ 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5665

5666

5667

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG -TÌPWPI UGKPGU 5QJPGU ,QUGH UR·VGT -CKUGT ,QUGH + \WO TÌOKUEJGP -ÌPKI KP #WIUDWTI /GFCKNNQP FCTKP FKG $TWUVDKNFGT .GQRQNFU WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 'NGQPQTC PGDGPGKPCPFGT T WOJGT UKGDGP YGKVGTG /GFCKNNQPU OKV FGP $TWUVDKNFGTP FGT -WTHÒTUVGP +P GKPGO )TCPCVCRHGNDCWO FKG $ÒUVG FGU IGMTÌPVGP -ÌPKIU OKV FGT -CKUGTMTQPG FKG (TÒEJVG KO $CWO VTCIGP FKG $WEJUVCDGP FGU MÌPKINKEJGP 9CJNURTWEJU #/14' '6 6+/14' \W FGP 5GKVGP UKV\GP )GTOCPKC WPF *WPICTKC OKV KJTGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP WPF (TWEJVMÌTDGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGU CWIG /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV l #8564+# '.'%6# +856' 1/0+# 8+0%+6 OO I (QTUVGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 5VGORGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ /KV FGT 2QTVT·VFCTUVGNNWPI CNNGT UKGDGP -WTHÒTUVGP YKTF FKG GKPUVKOOKIG 9CJN FGU 'T\JGT\QIU ,QUGH \WO MÒPHVKIGP 0CEJHQNIGT FGU 4GKEJUQDGTJCWRVGU FQMWOGPVKGTV &CFWTEJ YCT CWEJ FGP #ODKVKQPGP FGU 5QPPGPMÌPKIU .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ CWH FKG FGWVUEJG -CKUGTMTQPG GKPG #DUCIG GTVGKNV YQTFGP #WH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FKGUGT RT·EJVKIGP /GFCKNNG YKTF CWH FKG ,WIGPFNKEJMGKV FGU 'TY·JNVGP JKPIGYKGUGP &GO DKDGNHGUVGP $GVTCEJVGT H·NNV FGT INGKEJPCOKIG 5QJP FGU 'T\XCVGTU ,CMQD WPF FKG 8GTMÒPFKIWPI GKP ,QUGH YKTF YCEJUGP GT YKTF YCEJUGP YKG GKP $CWO CP FGT 3WGNNG FC FKG <YGKIG GORQTUVGKIGP ÒDGT FKG /CWGT &CU CWH FGP (TÒEJVGP FGU $CWOGU YKGFGTIGIGDGPG .GKVOQVKX ,QUGHU .KGDG WPF )QVVGUHWTEJV XGTURTCEJ GKPG RTQURGTKGTGPFG <WMWPHV HÒT FCU 4GKEJ WPF ¤UVGTTGKEJ 7PICTP

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM CO 5GRVGODGT WPF 1MVQDGT 'KPG CO $QFGP NKGIGPFG 6TQOOGN OKV .QEJ ªDGT GKPGO -QTD OKV .QEJ GKP UKEJ CWUNGGTGPFGU (ÒNNJQTP \YKUEJGP .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 9QJNHCJTV *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 7O FKG .ÌEJGT KP 6TQOOGN WPF -QTD TGCNKUVKUEJ FCT\WUVGNNGP YWTFGP FKGUG /GFCKNNGP VCVU·EJNKEJ IGNQEJV &CU .QEJ IGJÌTV KP FKGUGO (CNN CNUQ \WT )GUVCNVWPI WPF #WUUCIG WPF KUV UKPPIGDGPFGT $GUVCPFVGKN &GT (TKGFG XQP 4KLUYKLM JGWVG 8QTQTV FGT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP *CWRVUVCFV &GP *CCI DGGPFGVG FGP 2H·N\KUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI FGT ICP\ 'WTQRC KP /KVNGKFGPUEJCHV IG\QIGP JCVVG .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ UEJNQ WPVGT UEJYGFKUEJGT 8GTOKVVNWPI CO 5GRVGODGT (TKGFGP OKV )TQDTKVCPPKGP 5RCPKGP WPF FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP WPF CO 1MVQDGT OKV -CKUGT .GQRQNF + WPF FGO &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) *CWVUEJ CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP -CTNQYKV\ PÌTFNKEJ XQP $GNITCF )GJCTPKUEJ VGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN ,WRKVGT HNKGIV N CWH #FNGT WPF UEJNGWFGTV $NKV\G CWH FKG CO $QFGP M·ORHGPFGP 6KVCPGP OO I 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 2QRGNMC 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC MN *GPMGNURWT ÒDNKEJGT 2T·IGHGJNGT CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌP &GT (TKGFG XQP -CTNQYKV\ DGGPFGVG FGP )TQGP 6ÒTMGPMTKGI

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP )TQGP 6ÒTMGPMTKGI OKV $G\WI \W ¤UVGTTGKEJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 279

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5668

,QUGH + 5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / $TWPPGT CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP &QWCK <YGK 5QNFCVGP UKV\GP CO $QFGP CWH GKPGO CWUIGDTGKVGVGP /CPVGN WPF YÒTHGNP FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5QNFCV FGT XQT UKEJ \YGK /ÒP\GP NKGIGP JCV CWH FGPGP #4 4#5 D\Y 2# 4+5 \W NGUGP KUV ÒDGTIKDV FGO 8GTVTGVGT FGT CNNKKGTVGP #TOGG FGT DGTGKVU FTGK /ÒP\GP OKV FGP #WHUEJTKHVGP /1 05 47 5'. D\Y &14 0+) DGUKV\V GKP )GNFUVÒEM OKV FGT #WHUEJTKHV &1 8#; 'TFDCNN KP 9QNMGP FGT FKG 5QPPG HCUV I·P\NKEJ XGTFGEMV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 'KOGT 2QRGNMC FQTV KP $TQP\G 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ X .QQP +8 5 4 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 0GCRGN FWTEJ ,QUGH + HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5669

-CTN 8+ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG -TÌPWPI UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 'NKUCDGVJ %JTKUVKPG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU .WFYKI 4WFQNH XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI 9QNHGPDÒVVGN \WT -ÌPKIKP XQP 5RCPKGP KO ,CJT WPF CWH KJTG -TÌPWPI \WT -CKUGTKP FGU 4ÌOKUEJ &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU KO ,CJT )GMTÌPVG $ÒUVG 'NKUCDGVJ %JTKUVKPGU T &KG -CKUGTKP UVGJV PCEJ T CWH FTGK 5VWHGP XQT KJTGO 6JTQP XQT KJT MPKGV )GTOCPKC OKV #FNGTUEJKNF WPF ÒDGTTGKEJV KJT FKG -CKUGTMTQPG OO I $TQEMOCPP 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 4 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI /GFCKNNGP CWH FKG 9CJN WPF -TÌPWPI FGU -CKUGTU -CTN 8+ KP (TCPMHWTV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5670

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPG WPICTKUEJG -TÌPWPI KP 2TGDWTI &GT IGMTÌPVG -ÌPKI TGKVGV N ÒDGT -TÌPWPIUJÒIGN KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP 5EJYGTV 'TFMWIGN XQP 9QNMGP WOIGDGP FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGU /QPQITCOO % XQP UKGDGP MNGKPGP -TQPGP WOIGDGP OO I 5NI /QPVG PWQXQ 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T &KG 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG GPVJ·NV FKG ,CJTGU\CJN CNU %JTQPQITCOO

280

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5671

5672

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 4CUVCVV $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN ¤NDCWO \YKUEJGP 9CHHGP WPF 5VCPFCTVGP OO I (QTUVGT 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT (TKGFGPUUEJNW XQP 4CUVCVV XQO /·T\ \YKUEJGP 2TKP\ 'WIGP CNU $GXQNNO·EJVKIVGP FGU 4GKEJU WPF FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP /CTUEJCNN 8KNNCTU DGGPFGVG FGP 5RCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) 9 8GUVPGT CWH FKG )GDWTV UGKPGU 5QJPGU 'T\JGT\QI .GQRQNF $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP -CKUGTKP 'NKUCDGVJ %JTKUVKPG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU .WFYKI 4WFQNH XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI 9QNHGPDÒVVGN T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UVGJV PCEJ N KP $KIC XQP 9QNMGP WOIGDGP KP FGT .KPMGP (CEMGN OKV FGT 4GEJVGP UVTGWV UKG $NWOGP ÒDGT 'TFJCNDMWIGN CWH FGT *+52 )'4/ D\Y *80) \W NGUGP KUV OO I $GTPJGKOGT $TQEMOCPP 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'T\JGT\QI .GQRQNF YWTFG CO #RTKN CNU GTUVGU -KPF -CTNU 8+ WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 'NKUCDGVJ %JTKUVKPG XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI 9QNHGPDÒVVGN IGDQTGP 'T XGTUVCTD DGTGKVU YGPKIG /QPCVG UR·VGT CO 0QXGODGT .GQRQNF DNKGD FGT GKP\KIG 5QJP -CTNU 8+ FCJGT DGUVKGI /CTKC 6JGTGUKC FKG 6QEJVGT FGU -CKUGTU CNU UGKPG 0CEJHQNIGTKP FGP 6JTQP 'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH UGKPG *WNFKIWPI KP -ÌNP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5673

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG (GKPFUGNKIMGKVGP (TCPMTGKEJU IGIGP FGP -CKUGT Y·JTGPF FGU 6ÒTMGPMTKGIU 5CWN UVÒT\V XQO 2HGTF CO $QFGP NKGIGP XKGT 5ÌNFPGT QDGP 5VTCJNGP KP 9QNMGP 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP WPF WPVGP LG GKPG #TCDGUMG OO I (QTUVGT 5NI /QPVG PWQXQ (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI

5674

5674 1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & ) XQP *CEJVGP CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP $GNITCF CO #WIWUV <YGK -TKGIGT KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI OKV 5KEJGNP JCNVGP IGOGKPUCO GKPG -QTPICTDG #FNGT KP 9QNMGP UEJNGWFGTV $NKV\G CWH FCU VÒTMKUEJG .CIGT N WPF CWH FKG 5VCFV $GNITCF T OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

281

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5675

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) 9 8GUVPGT CWH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK /GUUKPC WPF FGP 5GGUKGI FGU #FOKTCNU )GQTIG $[PI Ó DGK 5[TCMWU &KG $TWUVDKNFGT -CKUGT -CTNU 8+ WPF )GQTIU + XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI %CNGPDGTI *CPPQXGT KP .QTDGGTMT·P\GP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT FC\YKUEJGP GKP CWU 9CHHGP JGTCWUTCIGPFGT IGHNÒIGNVGT /GTMWTUVCD ,WRKVGT UKV\V JCNDN CWH 9QNMG WPF UEJNGWFGTV UGKPGP &QPPGTMGKN IGIGP HNÒEJVGPFG )CNGQPGP FKG 0GRVWP FGT PCEJ N CWH GKPGT /WUEJGN UVGJV OKV UGKPGO &TGK\CEM XQO /GGT CWU CPITGKHV OO I $GTPJGKOGT $TQEMOCPP 5NI /QPVG PWQXQ 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK 5[TCMWU YCT CO #WIWUV FKG UQIGPCPPVG 3WCFTWRGNCNNKCP\ XQTCWUIGICPIGP &KGUGU IGIGP FKG 5RCPKGT IGTKEJVGVG $ÒPFPKU DGUVCPF \YKUEJGP -CKUGT -CTN 8+ (TCPMTGKEJ WPF )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG PÌTFNKEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG UQNNVGP FCU XKGTVG /KVINKGF YGTFGP VTCVGP CDGT PKG GKP

5676

1,5:1

5676

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK /GUUKPC WPF FGP 5GGUKGI FGU #FOKTCNU )GQTIG $[PI Ó DGK 5[TCMWU &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV N FCU 7HGT \YKUEJGP /GUUKPC WPF 5[TCMWU #FNGT DGM·ORHV 4CDGP KP .CPFUEJCHV OO I (QTUVGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 0CEJFGO FKG 5RCPKGT 5CTFKPKGP GTQDGTV JCVVGP WPF KO $GITKHH YCTGP 5K\KNKGP \W DGUGV\GP YWTFG FGT DTKVKUEJG #FOKTCN 5KT )GQTIG $[PI OKV 5EJKHHGP CWUIGUCPFV FGP URCPKUEJGP )GPGTCN &G .GFG FCTCP \W JKPFGTP /GUUKPC \W GTTGKEJGP 'U MCO \WO -CORH FKG \CJNGPO·KI ÒDGTNGIGPG URCPKUEJG (NQVVG YWTFG \GTUVÌTV WPF FGT )GPGTCN IGHCPIGPIGPQOOGP +P FGT 4ÒEMUGKVGPFCTUVGNNWPI FGU XQTNKGIGPFGP 5VÒEMGU U[ODQNKUKGTV ,WRKVGT FGP -CKUGT WPF 0GRVWP )GQTI +

5677

282

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP $ 4KEJVGT CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP /GUUKPC $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 6TCWGTPFG +VCNKC UKV\V PCEJ N FGP -QRH CWHIGUVÒV\V FKG .KPMG J·NV FGP 9CRRGPUEJKNF XQT KJT \CJNTGKEJG #TOCVWTGP OO 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5678

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( , 9WTUEJDCWGT WPF 2 2 9GTPGT CWH FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGU +PPGT DGTIGT JGWVG 'KUGPGT\ $GTIYGTMUXGTGKPU )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU 5QPPG OKV FGO $KNFPKU -CTNU 8+ DGUEJGKPV FGP 'T\DGTI KP FGO IGCTDGKVGV YKTF KO *KPVGTITWPF N 5EJNCEJVHGNF T 5GIGNUEJKHHG KO /GGT KO 8QTFGT ITWPF CO $QFGP NKGIGPFG 9CHHGP WPF GKP )GPKWU OKV 9CRRGPUEJKNF UQYKG -CTVWUEJG OKV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I /ÒUGNGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 #VVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV GPVJ·NV FKG ,CJTGU\CJN CNU %JTQPQITCOO /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP (TKGFGPUXGTVTCI XQP 9KGP OKV )TQDTKVCPPKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5679

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 2 9GTPGT WPF 2 ) 0ÒTPDGTIGT CWH FGP (TKGFGP OKV (TCPMTGKEJ 'PIGN

(CWUVKPC OKV (ÒNNJQTP KP FGT .KPMGP NKGIV PCEJ N WPF J·NV OKV FGT 4GEJVGP FKG $ÒUVGP FGU -CKUGTU WPF .QWKU :8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ ÒDGT 9CHHGPVTQRJ·GP QDGP TGKEJGP UKEJ \YGK YGKVGTG 'PIGN %QPEQTFKC WPF %QPUVCPVKC FKG *·PFG WPVGP -CTVWUEJG OKV HÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPF ,CJTGU\CJN )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV NQTDGGTWOYWPFGPGO 5EJYGTV WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV 577/ %7+38' CWH FGP (NÒIGNP LG FTGK .KNKGP WOJGT GKP FTGK\GKNKIGT 5EJTKHVMTGKU OO I 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

283

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5680

/CTKC 6JGTGUKC 1XCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & $GEMGT CWH FKG )GDWTV KJTGU 5QJPGU FGU 'T\JGT\QIU ,QUGH UR·VGT ,QUGH ++ $TWUVDKNF FGU 0GWIGDQTGPGP T KP .QTDGGTMTCP\ ,WPIGT *GTMWNGU NKGIV PCEJ N CWH $GVV WPF VÌVGV FKG 5EJNCPIGP Z OO I 5NI /QPVG PWQXQ 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT KO 4CPFDGTGKEJ HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T /CTKC 6JGTGUKC

/CK 9KGP Ó 0QXGODGT 9KGP UGKV OKV (TCP\ 5VGRJCP XQP .QVJTKPIGP XGTJGKTCVGV OWVG QJPG GKIGPVNKEJG 8QTDGTGKVWPI CWH KJT #OV PCEJ FGO 6QF KJTGU 8CVGTU -CTN 8+ FGP -CORH WO KJT 'TDG CPVTGVGP +JTG )GIPGT KO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI YCTGP -CTN #NDTGEJV XQP $C[GTP WPF UGKPG 8GTDÒPFGVGP XQT CNNGO (TCPMTGKEJ WPF 5RCPKGP FKG PKEJV FKG 2TCIOCVKUEJG 5CPMVKQP XQP CPGTMCPPVGP KP FGT FKG YGKDNKEJG 'TDHQNIG FGU *CWUGU *CDUDWTI IGTGIGNV YQTFGP YCT 0CEJ FGO 'PFG FKGUGU -TKGIGU XGTUWEJVG FKG -CKUGTKP KO 5KGDGPL·JTKIGP -TKGI IGIGP (TKGFTKEJ ++ XQP 2TGWGP GTHQNINQU 5EJNGUKGP \WTÒEM\WIGYKPPGP +O +PPGTP HÒJTVG /CTKC 6JGTGUKC VKGHITGKHGPFG 4GHQTOGP FGT 8GTYCNVWPI WPF FGU 5EJWNYGUGPU FWTEJ WPF TGFW\KGTVG FGP 'KPHNW FGT -KTEJG GTJGDNKEJ &KG EJCTKUOCVKUEJG 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKV CNU (TCW WPF /WVVGT XQP -KPFGTP KJTG (·JKIMGKV KO 7OICPI OKV /KVCTDGKVGTP WPF KJTG 7OUKEJV KP FGT 5VCCVUHÒJTWPI OCEJVGP /CTKC 6JGTGUKC \W GKPGT FGT DGNKGDVGUVGP WPF DGFGWVGPFUVGP *GTTUEJGTHKIWTGP FGU #DUQNWVKUOWU

/GFCKNNGP CWH FKG -TÌPWPI FGU 9KVVGNUDCEJGTU -CTN 8++ WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKC #OCNKC 6QEJVGT ,QUGHU + UQYKG FGO -QPHNKMV OKV /CTKC 6JGTGUKC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5681

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 9 5EJ·HGT XGTOWVNKEJ CWH FKG -TÌPWPI KJTGU )GOCJNU (TCP\ 5VGRJCP XQP .QVJTKPIGP

Ó \WO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT (TCP\ + CO 1MVQDGT KP (TCPMHWTV $TWUVDKNF N OKV 2GTN FKCFGO $TWUVDKNF XQP (TCP\ + T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO I (ÌTUEJPGT , W ( 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌP 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FKGUGP #PNC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5682

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 2 9GTPGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 4GNKIKQPUHTKGFGPU KP 0ÒTPDGTI &KG IGJCTPKUEJVGP $TWUVDKNFGT FGT -CKUGT -CTN 8 WPF (TCP\ + GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT OKV .QTDGGTMT·P\GP WPF WOIGNGIVGP /·PVGNP <YGK KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG ÒDGT #NVCT CWH FGO GKPG 7TMWPFG NKGIV OO I 5NI 'TNCPIGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 5NI 9JKVKPI *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W /CTKG #PVQKPGVVG 6QEJVGT FGT -CKUGTKP /CTKC 6JGTGUKC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

284

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5683

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # 9KFGOCPP CWH FGP 'PVUCV\ XQP 1NOÒV\ XQP FGT RTGWKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI $TWUVDKNFGT /CTKC 6JGTGUKCU WPF KJTGU )GOCJNU (TCP\ + PGDGPGKPCPFGT T $GNNQPC UVGJV PCEJ T WPF J·NV OKV FGT XQT KJT MPKGPFGP /QTCXKC GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOJGT #TOCVWTGP OO I 1NF 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP UEJNGUKUEJGP -TKGI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5684

,QUGH ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP Q , XQP , 4QGVVKGTU CWH UGKPGP 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV CNU /KVTGIGPV KO JCDUDWTIKUEJGP 4GKEJ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU ,WUVKVKC UVGJV PCEJ N OKV 9CCIG WPF 5EJYGTV KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP KO NKPMGP #TO (ÒNNJQTP CO $QFGP NKGIGP 5[ODQNG FGU *CPFGNU WPF FGT 9KUUGP UEJCHV KO *KPVGTITWPF GKP RHNÒIGPFGT $CWGT $CWCTDGKVGT DGK GKPGO )GD·WFGDCW WPF 5QNFCVGP KP (QTOCVKQP OO I -GPKU 5NI *QTUM[ FQTV OKV ,CJTGUCPICDG XQP 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 'TPGPPWPI XQP #NDGTV XQP 5CEJUGP \WO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 4GKEJUHGNFOCTUEJCNN HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5685

<KPPOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 0 9KTV CWH UGKPG 4GIKGTWPIUÒDGTPCJOG PCEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGT /WVVGT /CTKC 6JGTGUKC $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ )NQDWU OKV 5VGWGTTWFGT 5EJYGTV .QTDGGT WPF 'KEJGP \YGKI KP 9QNMGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG OO (ÌTUEJPGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

285

RÖMISCH-DEUTSCHES REICH

5686

5686 1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , %JT 4GKEJ CWH FCU 6QNGTCP\GFKMV WPF FKG FGP 2TQVGUVCPVGP WPF ,WFGP IGY·JTVG 4GNKIKQPUHTGKJGKV 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF T $KUEJQH 2TKGUVGT WPF 4CDDK UVGJGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT FCTÒDGT IGMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV <GRVGT 5EJYGTV 4GKEJUCRHGN WPF 5EJTKHVDCPF QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU &TGKGEM OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 5NI 9JKVKPI p XIN +P 5KNDGT UGJT UGNVGP *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC UGJT CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5688

5687

<KPPOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , %JT QFGT , / 4GKEJ CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP $GNITCF FWTEJ FCU MCKUGTNKEJG *GGT WPVGT FGT (ÒJTWPI FGU )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNNU )KFGQP 'TPUV XQP .CWFQP

Ó CO 1MVQDGT 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP .CWFQPU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF -TKGIGT KP XQNNGT 4ÒUVWPI OKV IG\QIGPGO 5EJYGTV CWH GKPGO PCEJ N URTKPIGPFGP 2HGTF KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV OO 5NI *QTUM[ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 5NI 9KNO 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG -QPXGPVKQP XQP 2KNNPKV\ OKV 2TGWGP WPF 5CEJUGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP OKV FGO 2QTVT·V XQP /CTKC -NGOGPVKPG 6QEJVGT FGU -CKUGTU .GQRQNF ++ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

(TCP\ ++ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # )WKNNGOCTF CWH FKG 5KGIG UGKPGU LÒPIGTGP $TWFGTU -CTN .WFYKI *GT\QI XQP 6GUEJGP

Ó CO 4JGKP CNU 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF -CTN .WFYKIU T OKV *GNO 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP #DUEJPKVVUNKPKG OO $TCWUG /CPUHGNF 8QT\ÒINKEJ /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W UGKPGT 6QEJVGT /CTKG .QWKUG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

286

KAISERREICH ÖSTERREICH

5689

&#5 -#+5'44'+%* ¤56'44'+%*

(TCP\ + <KPPOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 5KGIGU WPF (TKGFGPUOÒP\G IGRT·IV \WO 9KGPGT -QPITG 8KEVQTKC OKV -TCP\ KP FGT 4GEJVGP WPF 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT .KPMGP UVGJV X X CWH 'TFMWIGN WOIGDGP XQP 2QTVT·VU FGT UKGITGKEJGP GWTQR·KUEJGP *GGTHÒJTGT WPF 4GIGPVGP ÒDGT 0CRQN¾QP 6TKWORJDQIGP OKV 3WCFTKIC ÒDGT FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOIGDGP XQP GKPGO UGEJU\GKNKIGP 5EJTKHVMTCP\ FGT FKG &CVGP FGT 5EJNCEJVGP DGKPJCNVGV OO 5NI *QTUM[ 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T /GFCKNNGP CWU FGP PCRQNGQPKUEJGP -TKGIGP OKV $G\WI \W ¤UVGTTGKEJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5690

1XCNG UKNDGTPG -CNGPFGTOGFCKNNG XQP , .CPI ,CJTGUMCNGPFGT KP TGEJVGEMKIGT 7OTCJOWPI N 5QPPG T /QPF WPF 5VGTPG QDGP \YGK PCEJ N D\Y T NCIGTPFG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNVGP KP IGVTGPPVGP (GNFGTP WPVGP \YGK YGKVGTG (GNFGT KO NKPMGP -TWI OKV 6TCWDGP FCPGDGP 5VCD WPF 'KEJGPNCWD KO TGEJVGP HNCOOGPFGT #NVCT WPF XGTFQTTVGT #UV ,CJTGUMCNGPFGT KP FGT /KVVG FKG ,CJTGU\CJN KP 5EJNCPIGPTKPI WPF TGEJVGEMKIGT 'KPHCUUWPI 9KPFIGUKEJVGT KP FGP 9KPMGNP Z OO I 5NI ,WNKWU 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

287

KAISERREICH ÖSTERREICH

5691

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 9GKUU CWH FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 5VCCVUMCP\NGT -NGOGPU 9GP\GN )TCH XQP /GVVGTPKEJ

Ó $ÒUVG FGU -CP\NGTU T )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP WOJGT FKG -GVVGP FGU 5V 5VGHCPQTFGPU WPF FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU OO 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 5NI *QTUM[ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5692

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ( 2WVKPCVK CWH FCU L·JTKIG /KPKUVGTLWDKN·WO FGU 5VCCVUMCP\NGTU -NGOGPU 9GP\GN )TCH XQP /GVVGTPKEJ

Ó $ÒUVG FGU -CP\NGTU N 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UVGJV PCEJ N CP GKPG 5·WNG OKV FGT +PUEJTKHV -4#(6 +/ 4'%*6 IGNGJPV KP FGT 4GEJVGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ KP FGT .KPMGP /GTMWTUVCD CO $QFGP )NQDWU OO 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5693

(GTFKPCPF + $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ( 5VKQTG CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGU -CUVGNNU XQP 5KFQP

DGK $GKTWV WPVGT FGO 1DGTDGHGJN UGKPGU %QWUKPU 'T\JGT\QI (TKGFTKEJ (GTFKPCPF .GQRQNF

Ó 5QJP FGU *GT\QIU -CTN .WFYKI XQP 6GUEJGP

Ó 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF (TKGFTKEJ (GTFKPCPFU N &TGKOCUVGT WPF \CJNTGKEJG $QQVG OKV CWUUVGKIGPFGP 5QNFCVGP XQT 5KFQP OO 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

288

KAISERREICH ÖSTERREICH

5694

(TCP\ ,QUGH + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - .CPIG CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV 'NKUCDGVJ #OCNKG 'WIGPKG 5KUK Ó 6QEJVGT /CZKOKNKCPU *GT\QI KP $C[GTP $TWUVDKNFGT FGU 2CCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 'KPUGIPWPI FWTEJ FGP 'T\DKUEJQH KP FGT *QHMCRGNNG KP 9KGP OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 9KVV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'NKUCDGVJ IGDQTGP CO &G\GODGT YCT FKG 6QEJVGT FGU XQNMUVÒONKEJGP *GT\QIU /CZ KP $C[GTP WPF FGT .WFQXKMG 9KNJGNOKPG 6QEJVGT -ÌPKI /CZKOKNKCP + ,QUGRJU &KG JÒDUEJG 'NKUCDGVJ YWTFG CO #RTKN OKV -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGH + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ XGTO·JNV WPF PCJO \WP·EJUV ITQGP 'KPHNW CWH FKG 2QNKVKM FGU /QPCTEJGP &CFWTEJ IGTKGV UKG KP -QPHNKMV OKV KJTGT 5EJYKGIGTOWVVGT 5QRJKG FGT 5EJYGUVGT KJTGT GKIGPGP /WVVGT #O /·T\ YWTFG FKG 'T\JGT\QIKP 5QRJKG IGDQTGP FKG LGFQEJ PQEJ CNU -NGKPMKPF CO /CK KP $WFCRGUV XGTUVCTD #O #RTKN MCO FGT NCPIGTUGJPVG 6JTQPHQNIGT -TQPRTKP\ 4WFQNH \WT 9GNV 5GKV FGO KVCNKGPKUEJGP -TKGI DGICPP FKG 'PVHTGOFWPI \YKUEJGP FGO -CKUGT WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP FKG KO 8QNMUOWPF 5KUK QFGT 5KUUK IGPCPPV YWTFG &KG -CKUGTKP DGICPP GKPG CWUIGFGJPVG 4GKUGV·VKIMGKV WPF JKGNV UKEJ IGTPG KP 7PICTP WPF KO 5EJNQ #EJKNNGKQP CWH -QTHW CWH 5KG UGV\VG UKEJ DGUQPFGTU HÒT FKG +PVGTGUUGP FGT 7PICTP GKP WPF YWTFG OKV KJTGO )CVVGP CO ,WPK KP $WFCRGUV OKV FGT 5VGRJCPUMTQPG IGMTÌPV 'KP UEJYGTGT 5EJNCI YCT HÒT FKG -CKUGTKP FGT 5GNDUVOQTF KJTGU 5QJPGU FGU -TQPRTKP\GP 4WFQNH CO ,CPWCT XQP FGO UKG UKEJ KO )TWPFG PKEJV OGJT GTJQNVG 5KG JKGNV UKEJ PCEJ FGO 6QF KJTGU 5QJPGU PWT PQEJ UGNVGP KP 9KGP CWH #O 5GRVGODGT YWTFG UKG KP )GPH XQP FGO KVCNKGPKUEJGP #PCTEJKUVGP .WKIK .WEEJGPK GTFQNEJV &GT YKFGTURTÒEJNKEJG WPF HCU\KPKGTGPFG %JCTCMVGT FGT DKNFUEJÌPGP -CKUGTKP OCEJVG 5KUK ·JPNKEJ YKG KJTGP (TGWPF .WFYKI ++ XQP $C[GTP \W GKPGT ·WGTUV DGNKGDVGP WPF XGTGJTVGP 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKV FKG CWEJ JGWVG PQEJ NGDJCHVGU +PVGTGUUG JGTXQTTWHV

5695

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % .CPIG CWH FKG )GDWTV UGKPGT 6QEJVGT 5QRJKG (TKGFGTKMG $ÒUVGP FGU 'NVGTP RCCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 'KP IGHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU ÒDGTTGKEJV FGT VJTQPGPFGP #WUVTKC GKP -KPF &CU 'VWK JCV \YGK (·EJGT FCU NGGTG (CEJ KUV XGTOWVNKEJ HÒT FKG FC\WIGJÌTKIG )QNFOGFCKNNG XQTIGUGJGP OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 9KVV FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK OKV IQNFGPGT 8GT\KGTWPI *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

289

KAISERREICH ÖSTERREICH

5696

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , 6CWVGPJC[P WPF - 5EJYGP\GT CWH FKG 9GNVCWUUVGNNWPI KP 9KGP 2T·OKG HÒT #WUUVGNNGT $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ #DWPFCPVKC OKV (ÒNNJQTP KO NKPMGP #TO ÒDGTTGKEJV FGT PCEJ T UKV\GPFGP RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP +PFWUVTKG GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ \YKUEJGP KJPGP UVGJV GKP 5EJOKGF FGT UKEJ OKV UGKPGO *COOGT CWH GKPGP #ODQ UVÒV\V KP FGT 4GEJVGP J·NV GT GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ KO *KPVGTITWPF #VVTKDWVG FGT +PFWUVTKG WPF FGU *CPFYGTMU OO #WIWUVKP 9WT\DCEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG *QEJ\GKV UGKPGT 6QEJVGT )KUGNC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5697

290

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 6CWVGPJC[P WPF # 5EJCTHH CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO IGYKFOGV XQP FGT 5VCFV 9KGP &GT -CKUGT OKV <GRVGT KP FGT 4GEJVGP UKV\V PCEJ N KP 6TKWORJYCIGP WPF YKTF XQP 8KPFQDQPC DGITÒV KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGU 9KGPGT 4CVJCWUGU <YGK 2WVVGP JCNVGP FCU /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO $TWUVDKNF FGU -CKUGTU WOJGT FKG XKGT RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP -CTFKPCNVWIGPFGP 9GKUJGKV 5V·TMG )GTGEJVKIMGKV WPF /KNFG QDGP )GPKWU OKV 2QUCWPG OO I 5NI *QTUM[ 9WT\DCEJ FQTV KP $TQP\G (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

KAISERREICH ÖSTERREICH

5698

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # 5EJCTHH WPF , 6CWVGPJC[P CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO IGYKFOGV XQP FGT 5VCFV 9KGP &GT -CKUGT OKV <GRVGT KP FGT 4GEJVGP UKV\V PCEJ N KP 6TKWORJYCIGP WPF YKTF XQP 8KPFQDQPC DGITÒV KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGU 9KGPGT 4CVJCWUGU <YGK 2WVVGP JCNVGP FCU /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO $TWUVDKNF FGU -CKUGTU WOJGT FKG XKGT RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP -CTFKPCNVWIGPFGP 9GKUJGKV 5V·TMG )GTGEJVKIMGKV WPF /KNFG QDGP )GPKWU OKV 2QUCWPG OO 5NI *QTUM[ FQTV KP 5KNDGT 9WT\DCEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5699

'KPUGKVKIG TGEJVGEMKIG $TQP\GIWRNCMGVVG XQP # 5EJCTHH CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT *GTTUEJCHV FGU *CWUGU *CDUDWTI KP 0KGFGTÌUVGTTGKEJ IGYKFOGV XQO 5VCVVJCNVGT XQP 0KGFGTÌUVGTTGKEJ 'TKEJ )TCH -KGNOCPPUGII

Ó $TWUVDKNFGT XQP /CZKOKNKCP + WPF (TCP\ ,QUGH + GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT KP TGEJGEMKIGP 4CJOGP FC\YKUEJGP )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP WO FGP *CNU FKG -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU IGNGIV QDGP $KPFGP WPF #FNGTUEJKNF WPVGT 'T\JGT\QIUJWV FCJKPVGT 'KEJGPNCWD WPVGP FTGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV \W FGP 5GKVGP .QTDGGT\YGKIG Z OO 9WT\DCEJ 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

/GFCKNNGP CWU FGT <GKV FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU OKV $G\WI \W ¤UVGTTGKEJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 291

GEISTLICHKEIT

5700

-CTN + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPGP $GUWEJ KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN CO /CK <YGK ITQG IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGP FC\YKUEJGP GKP MNGKPGU IGMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP 6WIJTC OO I 9WT\DCEJ p 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5701

&+' 56#&6 9+'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP - $QFNCM CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 7PKXGTUKV·V 5KGIGN FGU )TÒPFGTU 4WFQNHU +8 FGT 5VKHVGT *GT\QI XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ -·TPVGP WPF FGT 5VGKGTOCTM UQYKG )TCH XQP 6KTQN 4KVVGT OKV (CJPG WPF 5EJKNF TGKVGV T WOJGT UKGDGP 9CRRGP KP IQVKUEJGO $QIGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP FGT /KVVG FGT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJG $KPFGPUEJKNF WPF FCU UVGKTKUEJG 9CRRGP OO I 5GTHCU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5702

&+' )'+56.+%*-'+6 +0 &'0 *#$5$74)+5%*'0 '4$.#0&'0 &#5 $+567/ $4+:'0

292

5GFKUXCMCP\ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT 9CRRGP FGT &QOJGTTGP #FNGT X X OKV SWGT IGJCNVGPGO $KUEJQHUUVCD &QOMCRKVGNYCRRGP OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ <GRGTPKEM *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

GEISTLICHKEIT

5703

&#5 $+567/ 1./ª6<

9QNHICPI XQP 5EJTCVVGPDCEJ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPG 6GKNPCJOG CNU -CTFKPCN CP FGT 2CRUVYCJN XQP +PPQEGP\ :+++ $TWUVDKNF FGU -CTFKPCNU T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV WOJGT XKGT XGT\KGTVG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG 9CRRGP FGU -CKUGTU OKV -TQPG 9CRRGP XQP 5EJTCVVGPDCEJU OKV )TCHGP MTQPG WPF -CTFKPCNUJWV 9CRRGP XQP 1NOÒV\ OKV -TWOOUVCD /KVTC (ÒTUVGPJWV WPF 5EJYGTV 9CRRGP FGU R·RUVNKEJGP 8QTI·PIGTU %NGOGPU :+ OKV 6KCTC WPF IGMTGW\VGP 5EJNÒUUGNP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OKV 'TGKIPKUUGP CWU UGKPGO .GDGP OO I .KEJ / /KUGNNK 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 5WEJQOGN 8KFGOCP 5 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5704

1,5:1

&#5 '4<$+567/ 5#.<$74)

.GQRQNF #PVQP 'NGWVJGTKWU XQP (KTOKCP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / *QNV\JG[ CWH FKG #WUYCPFGTWPI FGT 5CN\DWTIGT 'OKITCPVGP KP FKG 0KGFGTNCPFG $GNIKC UVGJV X X WPF DGUEJKTOV OKV FGO 5EJKNF KP FGT .KPMGP FKG 'OKITCPVGP FKG 4GEJVG UVTGEMV UKG GKPGO #NVCT GPVIGIGP CP FGO FKG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP XQP )NCWDG WPF $CTOJGT\KIMGKV UVGJGP JKPVGT KJT NKGIV FGT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG .ÌYG OKV 2HGKNDÒPFGN $GNIKC UKV\V PCEJ T GKPGP #TO CWH 5EJKNF IGUVÒV\V OKV FGT .KPMGP J·NV UKG GKPGP 5VCD FCTCWH (TGKJGKVUJWV T JKPVGT KJT GKP 5EJKHH N XQT KJT GKP NKGIGPFGT 1EJUG OO I 4QNN 5NI 9JKVKPI <ÌVVN -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FKG #WUYCPFGTWPI FGT 5CN\DWTIGT 2TQVGUVCPVGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP 293

GEISTLICHKEIT

5705

1,5:1

5KIKUOWPF +++ XQP 5EJTCVVGPDCEJ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( /CV\GPMQRH CWH UGKPG 9CJN \WO 'T\DKUEJQH CO #RTKN $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 0GWPHGNFKIGU 5VKHVU WPF (COKNKGP YCRRGP FCTÒDGT -CTFKPCNUJWV OKV JGTCDJ·PIGPFGP 3WCUVGP FCJKPVGT -TWOOUVCD WPF 5EJYGTV IGMTGW\V \W FGP 5GKVGP UVGJGP \YGK YGKDNKEJG (KIWTGP OKV 5EJYGTV D\Y .CP\G FKG UKEJ ÒDGT FGO 9CRRGP FKG *·PFG TGKEJGP QDGP 5EJTKHVDCPF OO I $ 4 <ÌVVN 4 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 5KIKUOWPF XQP 5EJTCVVGPDCEJ IGDQTGP GPVUVCOOVG FGO UVGKTKUEJGP <YGKI UGKPGT (COKNKG 'TUV CO 6CI FGU 9CJNICPIGU JCVVG OCP UKEJ CWH KJP FGP DKUJGTKIGP &QOFGEJCPVGP IGGKPKIV FGT MGKPGUYGIU FGT VÒEJVKIUVG YCT YGPP GT CWEJ FGP DGUVGP 9KNNGP OKVDTCEJVG &WTEJ UGKPG DGUQPFGTG OÌPEJCTVKIG (TÌOOKIMGKV GTTGIVG GT FCU /KHCNNGP LGPGT FKG UEJQP FGT GTYCEJGPFGP #WHMN·TWPI \WIGPGKIV YCTGP 'T DGVGVG UVWPFGPNCPI OKV UGKPGO *QHUVCCV FGP 4QUGPMTCP\ +P 5CN\DWTI ITÒPFGVG GT GKP <WEJV WPF #TDGKVUJCWU UQYKG \YGK 9CKUGPJ·WUGT 'T HÌTFGTVG CWEJ FGP $GTIDCW FGT WPVGT KJO GKPG UEJYCEJG 0CEJDNÒVG GTNGDVG 5KIKUOWPF MQPPVG CDGT PKEJV FKG UEJYGTG (KPCP\MTKUG DGJGDGP KP FGT UKEJ UGKP .CPF DGHCPF &GT *CWUJCNV YWTFG PQEJ \WU·V\NKEJ FWTEJ GKPGP $GKVTCI XQP )WNFGP CP FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -QUVGP FGU 5KGDGPL·JTKIGP -TKGIGU WPF FWTEJ GKPG RCWUEJCNG XQP 2TGWGP FWTEJIGUGV\VG 'PVUEJ·FKIWPI XQP 'OKITCPVGPIWVJCDGP KP *ÌJG XQP )WNFGP DGNCUVGV &CU 5VCFVDKNF DGTGKEJGTVG GT FWTEJ \YGK GKIGPCTVKIG 9GTMG FCU 5KIKUOWPFVQT 0GWVQT GKPG MÒJPG VGEJPKUEJG .GKUVWPI YGKN GU FGP /ÌPEJUDGTI FWTEJUVKG WPF FKG /CTKGPUVCVWG CWH FGO &QORNCV\ #NU ITQGT 6JGCVGTHTGWPF HÌTFGTVG GT CWEJ FGP MNGKPGP /Q\CTV FGO GT UGKPG GTUVG 4GKUG PCEJ +VCNKGP GTOÌINKEJVG WPF ÒDGTJCWRV FGP )TWPFUVGKP \W FGUUGP -CTTKGTG NGIVG #O &G\GODGT UVCTD FGT 'T\DKUEJQH CP GKPGT 0KGTGPDNWVWPI

5706

5706 1,5:1

294

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( /CV\GPMQRH CWH FKG 8QNNGPFWPI FGU 5KIKUOWPFVQTGU $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &CU 5ÒFRQTVCN FGU 5KIKUOWPFVQTGU \YKUEJGP \YGK 2[TCOKFGP FGTGP CDIGDTQEJGPG 5RKV\GP CO $QFGP NKGIGP WPF PCEJ T \GKIGP OO I $ 4 <ÌVVN *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

STANDESHERREN

5707

5707 1,5:1

&+' 56#&6 5#.<$74)

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , ,CJTJWPFGTV XQP . <KORGN CWH FKG (KTOWPI 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQO -CRW\KPGTDGTI CWU IGUGJGP (KTOWPIUU\GPG OO I /CEJQ 4 /KV 1TKIKPCNRWP\KGTWPI KO 4CPF 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T &KG XQTNKGIGPFG (KTOWPIUOGFCKNNG YKTF PQEJ JGWVG IGRT·IV &KG 1TKIKPCNRT·IWPIGP CWU FGO ,CJTJWPFGTV GTMGPPV OCP YKG DGK WPUGTGO 'ZGORNCT CP FGT #NV 9KGPGT 2WP\KGTWPI CO 4CPF FGT /GFCKNNG

5708

1,5:1

&+' ¤56'44'+%*+5%*'0 56#0&'5*'44'0 &+'64+%*56'+0 (ª456.+%*' .+0+' 0+-1.5$74)

5KGIOWPF XQP *QNNGPDWTI WPF (KPMGPUVGKP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV $CTDCTC XQP 4QVVCN WPGJGNKEJG 6QEJVGT XQP -CKUGT /CZKOKNKCP CO ,WNK )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV (GFGTJWV WOJGT <KGTMTCP\ $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP N OKV *WV WPF WOIGNGIVGT -GVVG WOJGT <KGTMTCP\ OO I 5NI *QTUM[ 44 )GRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCN #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC MN *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP 5KGIOWPF XQP &KGVTKEJUVGKP UGKV (TGKJGTT YCT 5VKHVGT FGT \YGKVGP *CWRVNKPKG *QNNGPDWTI (KPMGPUVGKP WPF GKP (TGWPF WPF 8GTVTCWVGT /CZKOKNKCPU +

295

AUGSBURG

&'765%*' /'&#+..'0 +0 5+.$'4 70& $410<'

5709

#0*#.6 &#5 (ª456'067/ #0*#.6 $'40$74)

8KEVQT #OCFGWU 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 9KGFGTXGTGKPKIWPI FGU CPJCNVKPK UEJGP *CT\GU OKV $GTPDWTI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV ÒDGT 5EJTKHVDCPF OKV *#4<)' 41&# FCTWPVGT FKG 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP *CT\IGTQFG /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I /CPP /ÒUGNGT 4 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5710

&+' 56#&6 #7)5$74)

#7)5$74)

1XCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP 5EJPKV\YGTM QDGP 5VCFVR[T WPVGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN WPF *WHGKUGP 5WUCPPC KO $CFG XQP \YGK #NVGP DGN·UVKIV Z OO I (QTUVGT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ +P FGP #RQMT[RJGP FGU #NVGP 6GUVCOGPVU YKTF FKG )GUEJKEJVG FGT UEJÌPGP WPF IQVVGUHÒTEJVKIGP ,ÒFKP 5WUCPPC GT\·JNV FKG Y·JTGPF FGU $CFGPU FKG WPUKVVNKEJGP #PVT·IG \YGKGT LÒFKUEJGT NVGUVGT \WTÒEMYGKUV WPF XQP FKGUGP CWU 4CEJG FGU 'JGDTWEJU OKV GKPGO LWPIGP /CPP DGUEJWNFKIV YKTF 8QP FGT )GOGKPFG \WO 6QFG XGTWTVGKNV YKTF 5WUCPPC XQO LWPIGP YGKUGP &CPKGN IGTGVVGV FGT FKG DGKFGP NVGUVGP KP IGVTGPPVGP 8GTJÌTGP FGT (CNUEJCWUUCIG ÒDGTHÒJTV WPF UKG UVCVV KJTGT JKPTKEJVGP N·V &CU /QVKX FGT 5WUCPPC KO $CFG KUV UGKV FGT 4GPCKUUCPEG KP FGT /CNGTGK J·WHKI XGTYGPFGV YQTFGP W C 4WDGPU 4GODTCPFV $ÌEMNKP

5711

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 9CJN (GTFKPCPFU +8 \WO TÌOKUEJGP -ÌPKI 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT #TCDGUMGP QDGP 5VCFVR[T )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5EJYGTV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN KP FGP (·PIGP CWH GKPGT 5·WNG QDGP N UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG WPVGP NKGIGP 9CHHGPVTQRJ·GP CO $QFGP OO I (QTUVGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

296

AUGSBURG

5712

5712 1,5:1

5KNDGTPG 4CVUOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 1UVGP QDGP JCNVGP \YGK )GPKGP CP -QTFGNP FKG KP FTGK 4GKJGP IGUVGNNVGP 9CRRGP FGT 5VCFVRHNGIGT 5VGVVGP WPF .CPIGPOCPVGN WPF FGT HÒPH )GJGKOGP 4GJNKPIGT #OOCP 7JNUVCVV 4GJO WPF (WIIGT KO 8QTFGTITWPF FCU 5VCFVR[T KO #DUEJPKVV FKG XKGT 9CRRGP FGT $CWOGKUVGT +OJQH 5VGVVGP +NUWPI WPF *COCPP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF -CKUGT .GQRQNFU + T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU OO I (QTUVGT #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC

5713

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % 7PIGNVGT CWH FKG +PFWUVTKG FGT 5VCFV #PUKEJV FGU 4CVJCWUGU FCTÒDGT CP $·PFGTP FKG 9CRRGP FGT DGKFGP 5VCFVRHNGIGT .CPIGPOCPVGN WPF 9GKUU #NVCT FCTCWH UVGJGP FGT IGHNÒIGNVG )GPKWU FGT 5VCFV WPF FKG -ÌPKIKP FGT -ÒPUVG FKG UKEJ FKG *·PFG TGKEJGP WOJGT GKP -TCP\ XQP 'ODNGOGP FGU )GYGTDGU FGT -WPUV WPF FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHV 1JPG 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I (QTUVGT FQTV OKV 4CPFUEJTKHV 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5714

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT , .GJGTT CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI WPF FGP 'PVUCV\ 9KGPU *GTMWNGU OKV WOIGNGIVGO .ÌYGPHGNN UVGJV PCEJ T KP .CPFUEJCHV WPF DGM·ORHV FKG UKGDGPMÌRHKIG *[FTC OKV GKPGT -GWNG T UVGJV ,QPCU WPF DGM·ORHV UKG OKV GKPGT (CEMGN <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPVGP 5VCFVR[T \YKUEJGP ( % OO I (QTUVGT *KTUEJ 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 44 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 297

AUGSBURG

5715

5KNDGTPG 4CVUOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV FCXQT UVGJV GKP )GPKWU OKV \YGK 9CRRGP UEJKNFGP QDGP 5V 7NTKEJ WPF 5V #HTC KP 9QNMGP FC\YKUEJGP 5VCFVR[T 'KP 'PIGN J·NV CP $·PFGTP FKG 9CRRGP FGT HÒPH )GJGKOGP .CPIGPOCPVGN 4GJO 4GJNKPIGT 5VGVVGP WPF #OOCP WPVGP FKG (NWIÌVVGT .GEJ WPF 9GTVCEJ OKV FGP XKGT 9CRRGP FGT $CWOGKUVGT +NUWPI +OJQH 5VGVVGP WPF 8QKV\ XQP $GTI OO I (QTUVGT -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5716

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FGP 'PVUCV\ FGT 5VCFV 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 1UVGP 6CWDG OKV ¤N\YGKI KO 5EJPCDGN HNKGIV CWH GKPGP (GNUGP KO YQIGPFGP /GGT \W FGT FKG #TEJG VT·IV CP FGP (GNUGP KUV FGT 5VCFVR[T IGNGJPV OO I (QTUVGT 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 0CEJFGO $C[GTP KO 5RCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI GKP $ÒPFPKU OKV (TCPMTGKEJ IGUEJNQUUGP JCVVG WPF FKG 6TWRRGP DGTGKVU /GOOKPIGP WPF 4CXGPUDWTI DGUGV\V JCVVGP TÒEMVG FGT -WTHÒTUV XQP $C[GTP CO &G\GODGT IGIGP #WIUDWTI XQT 'T NKG .CWHIT·DGP DKU MWT\ XQT FKG 5VCFV DCWGP XQP YGNEJGP FCU $QODCTFGOGPV UGKPGP #PHCPI PCJO 'U FCWGTVG DKU \WO &G\GODGT FCPP TÒEMVGP FKG (TCP\QUGP WPVGT /CTUEJCNN /CTUKP KP FKG 5VCFV GKP 5KG RNÒPFGTVGP FKG 5VCFV XÌNNKI CWU XKGNG (COKNKGP YWTFGP QDFCEJNQU WPF .GDGPUOKVVGN YWTFGP TCT YCU FKG )KGT FGT 6TWRRGP CDGT PKEJV GKPUEJT·PMVG &GT -WTHÒTUV XQP $C[GTP NKG FCTCWHJKP GKPG $GUVKOOWPI ÒDGT FKG 8GTRHNGIWPI FGT 6TWRRGP CPUEJNCIGP CDGT LGFGT $ÒTIGT FGT UKEJ FCTCWH DGTKGH YCT FGP 5EJN·IGP WPF /KJCPFNWPIGP FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP CWUIGNKGHGTV &KGUGT <WUVCPF ·PFGTVG UKEJ GTUV CO #WIWUV CNU FCU DC[GTKUEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GGT KP FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP *ÌEJUV·FV FWTEJ 2TKP\ 'WIGP XQP 5CXQ[GP WPF FGP *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ XQNNUV·PFKI XGTPKEJVGV YWTFG #O #WIWUV TÒEMVG FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG $GUCV\WPI KP ITÌVGT 'KNG CWU #WIUDWTI CD PKEJV LGFQEJ QJPG FGP 8GTUWEJ FKG 5VCFV XQTJGT PKGFGT\WDTGPPGP YCU CDGT INÒEMNKEJGTYGKUG HGJNUEJNWI

5717

298

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP 6KUEJ FCTCWH CWHIG UEJNCIGPGU $WEJ WPF 5GPMDNGK WOJGT 5EJTKHV KP \YGK <GKNGP 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO I (QTUVGT 5NI 9JKVKPI FQTV WPVGT 0ÒTPDGTI 8QT\ÒINKEJ

AUGSBURG

5718

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT ' /ÒNNGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT ªDGTICDG FGT #WIUDWTIGT -QPHGUUKQP 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 9GUVGP FCTÒDGT FGT UVTCJNGPFG 0COG ,GJQXCU KP 9QNMGP WPVGP \YGK *WHGKUGP WPF GKP 5VGTP KP XGT\KGTVGT 'KPHCUUWPI FCTCWH 5VCFVR[T &KG 8GTNGUWPI FGT -QPHGUUKQP XQT -CKUGT -CTN 8 KO 4GKEJUVCI OO I (QTUVGT 5NI 9JKVKPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (GKPG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5719

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP %JT ' /ÒNNGT CWH FGP 5VCFVRHNGIGT 2CWN XQP 5VGVVGP

Ó #OVU\GKV $TWUVDKNF XQP 5VGVVGPU T OKV WOIGNGIVGT )PCFGPUMGVVG 'KP 5VTCW UVGJV PCEJ N KP .CPF UEJCHV OKV FGT GTJQDGPGP TGEJVGP -TCNNG J·NV GT GKPGP 5VGKP OO I (QTUVGT 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5720

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 4GNKIKQPUHTKGFGPU &TGK *·PFG ITGKHGP PCEJ <YGKIGP (TÒEJVGMQTD OO I (QTUVGT 5NI 9JKVKPI (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W #WIUDWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 299

BADEN

5721

$#&'0 &+' /#4-)4#(5%*#(6 $#&'0 $#&'0

.WFYKI 9KNJGNO 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT IGRT·IV KO #WHVTCI XQP ( -NGKPGTV CWH FKG 5KGIG ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP &GT IGJCTPKUEJVG /CTMITCH OKV DWUEJKIGO *GNO WPF (GNFJGTTPUVCD UKV\V CWH GKPGO PCEJ T URTKPIGPFGP 4Q KO *KPVGTITWPF 4GKVGT UEJNCEJV .ÌYG FGT GKP PCEJ T HNKGJGPFGU 4WFGN 9ÌNHG XGTHQNIV N $CWOUVWORH CWU FGO GKP <YGKI URTKGV /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I $GTUVGVV 9KGNCPFV <GKV\ C 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ /CTMITCH .WFYKI 9KNJGNO XQP $CFGP YCT UGKV CNU 1HHK\KGT UGKV CNU 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT MCKUGTNKEJGP #TOGG GKPG OCIGDNKEJG 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKV KO -CORH IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP 5GKPG OKNKV·TKUEJGP 'THQNIG KPUDGUQPFGTG FKG 5KGIG DGK 0KUEJ WPF 5CNCPMCOGP DTCEJVGP KJO FGP GJTGPXQNNGP $GKPCOGP 6ÒTMGPNQWKU GKP

5722

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT IGHGTVKIV KO #WHVTCI XQP ( -NGKPGTV CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK *ÌEJUV·FV CO #WIWUV &KG /GFCKNNQPDKNFGT FGT 5KGIGT 2TKP\ 'WIGP XQP 5CXQ[GP

Ó /CTMITCH .WFYKI 9KNJGNO XQP $CFGP WPF ,QJP %JWTEJKNN *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ

Ó FCTÒDGT \YGK 'PIGN OKV LG GKPGO 2CNO\YGKI .CPFUEJCHV KO 8QTFGTITWPF N GKP PCEJ T NCIGTPFGT (NWIQVV FGP TGEJVGP #TO CWH GKPG 3WGNNWTPG IGNGIV KP FGT .KPMGP 5VGWGTTWFGT T 8KMVQTKC FKG PCEJ N \YKUEJGP 6TQRJ·GP UKV\V WPF FCU &CVWO FGT 5EJNCEJV CWH GKPGP 5EJKNF UEJTGKDV /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I (QTUVGT 2QRGNMC 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ X .QQP +8 5 9KGNCPFV <GKV\ 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ -CTN ++ FGT NGV\VG URCPKUEJG *CDUDWTIGT YQNNVG FKG XQP 'PINCPF *QNNCPF WPF (TCPMTGKEJ KO UQIGPCPPVGP 2CTVCIGVTCMV DGUEJNQUUGPG 6GKNWPI FGU .CPFGU XGTJKPFGTP 5Q UGV\VG GT KP UGKPGO 6GUVCOGPV 2JKNNKR XQP #PLQW GKPGP 'PMGN UGKPGT OKV -ÌPKI .QWKU :+8 XGTO·JNVGP 5EJYGUVGT \WO CNNGKPKIGP 'TDGP CNNGT UGKPGT 4GKEJG GKP -CKUGT .GQRQNF XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ JKPIGIGP XGTNCPIVG FGP URCPKUEJGP $GUKV\ HÒT UGKPGP 5QJP 'T\JGT\QI -CTN YCU FGT #WUNÌUGT HÒT FGP URCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI YCT ¤UVGTTGKEJ FGT \WP·EJUV GTDDGTGEJVKIVG 5VCCV NKG FGP MCKUGTNKEJGP 1DGTMQOOCPFKGTGPFGP 2TKP\ 'WIGP XQP 5CXQ[GP KO 5QOOGT PCEJ +VCNKGP XQTFTKPIGP YQ GT FKG *GT\QIVÒOGT /CKNCPF WPF /CPVWC GTQDGTVG +P FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK *ÌEJUV·FV CWH FKG UKEJ WPUGTG /GFCKNNG DG\KGJV YWTFG FCU DC[GTKUEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GGT FWTEJ 2TKP\ 'WIGP WPF FGP *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ XQNNUV·PFKI XGTPKEJVGV 'U HCPFGP KPUIGUCOV HCUV ,CJTG NCPI 5EJNCEJVGP KP CNNGP OKVVGN WPF UÒFGWTQR·KUEJGP .·PFGTP UVCVV DKU GU GPFNKEJ CO /·T\ \WO (TKGFGP XQP 4CUVCVV MCO

300

1,5:1

BAMBERG

5723

&#5 )4155*'4<1)67/ $#&'0 &74.#%*

(TKGFTKEJ + $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP % 8QKIV CWH FKG 0CVWTHQTUEJGT WPF T\VGXGTUCOONWPI KP -CTNUTWJG $ÒUVG T 'TFMWIGN WOJGT /QPF 5VGTPG WPF 5QPPG WPVGP 5EJTKHVDCPF OO 5NI $TGVVCWGT 9KGNCPFV <GKV\ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W $CFGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5724

1,5:1

&#5 $+567/ $#/$'4)

$#/$'4)

2JKNKRR 8CNGPVKP XQP 4KGPGEM 6TCIDCTG CNVXGTIQNFGVG QXCNG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV $TWUVDKNF T &CU $CODGTIGT 9CRRGP WPF FCU (COKNKGPYCRRGP XQP 4KGPGEM KP XGT\KGTVGP -CTVWUEJGP FCTÒDGT -TQPG FCJKPVGT 5EJYGTV WPF -TWOOUVCD IGMTGW\V OO I *GNNGT 44 5GJT UEJÌPGT \KUGNKGTVGT 1TKIKPCNIW OKV CNVGT 6TCIGÌUG

301

BAYERN

5725

302

BAYERN

$#;'40 &#5 *'4<1)67/ $#;'40

#NDGTV 8 FGT )TQOÒVKIG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNQP XQP * #GUUNKPIGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .ÌYG TGKV 5VKGT T DGUEJÒV\V GKP CPFGTGT .ÌYG GKP .COO KO *KPVGTITWPF UKPF \YGK $WTICPNCIGP \W UGJGP FKG OKV GKPGT $TÒEMG ÒDGT GKPGO TGKGPFGP (NW OKVGKPCP FGT XGTDWPFGP UKPF QDGP UEJYGDV GKP 'PIGN OKV \YGK -T·P\GP OO I *CDKEJ ++ FQTV FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT CDIGDKNFGV 9KVV 44 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJGT 1TKIKPCNIW #NDGTV

5726

1,5:1

5EJCWVCNGT WPUKIPKGTV 9GTMUVCVV * )GTJCTF )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU <YGK IGIGPGKPCPFGT CPTÒEMGPFG 6TWRRGP N *GGTHÒJTGT OKV .CP\G CWH GKPGO PCEJ T URTKPIGPFGP 4Q OO I *CDKEJ ++ 9KVV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 'KP /GKUVGTYGTM FGT UÒFFGWVUEJGP 4GPCKUUCPEG 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP /GT\DCEJGT /ÒPEJGP 0T

303

BAYERN

5727

1,5:1

&#5 -74(ª456'067/ $#;'40

/CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / $TWPPGT CWH UGKPG GTUVG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV /CTKC #PVQPKC

Ó 6QEJVGT -CKUGT .GQRQNFU + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ $TWUVDKNFGT FGU -WTHÒTUVGP WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP /ÒPEJGP XQP FGT +UCTUGKVG QDGP GKPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF FKG CP GKPGO $CPF \YGK YGKVGTG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *·PFG J·NV FKG IGOGKPUCO GKP (ÒNNJQTP NGGTGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 9KVV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN IGDQTGP CO KP /ÒPEJGP 5QJP FGU -WTHÒTUVGP (GTFKPCPF /CTKC WPF FGT *GPTKGVVG #FGNJGKF XQP 5CXQ[GP UVCPF PCEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGU 8CVGTU XQO /CK DKU \WO ,WNK WPVGT 8QTOWPFUEJCHV UGKPGU 1PMGNU /CZKOKNKCP 2JKNKRR 'T NGJPVG FKG PCEJ (TCPMTGKEJ QTKGPVKGTVG 2QNKVKM UGKPGU 8CVGTU CD UEJNQ CO ,CPWCT OKV -CKUGT .GQRQNF + GKP &GHGPUKXDÒPFPKU IGIGP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF FKG 6ÒTMGP WPF JGKTCVGVG CO ,WNK KP 9KGP FKG -CKUGTVQEJVGT /CTKC #PVQPKC 'PMGNKP FGU URCPKUEJGP -ÌPKIU 2JKNKRR +8 -WTHÒTUV /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN URKGNVG GKPG YKEJVKIG 4QNNG KO -TKGI IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP FKG UGKV CPIGUVCEJGNV XQP .QWKU :+8 IGIGP 9KGP XQTTÒEMVGP &GT ITÌVG 'THQNI FCDGK YCT FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP $GNITCF CO 5GRVGODGT FCU UGKV XQP FGP 6ÒTMGP DGUGV\V YCT 5GNDUV FKG (GKPFG YCTGP XQP FGO 'KPUCV\ FGU $C[GTP UGJT DGGKPFTWEMV WPF PCPPVGP /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN FGP DNCWGP -ÌPKI #WEJ KO 2H·N\KUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI UVCPF FGT -WTHÒTUV CWH FGT 5GKVG .GQRQNFU + WPF VTCV FGT IGIGP .QWKU :+8 WPF UGKPG #PJ·PIGT IGTKEJVGVGP )TQGP #NNKCP\ DGK FGT CWEJ 'PINCPF 5RCPKGP WPF 5CXQ[GP CPIGJÌTVGP &WTEJ FKG *GTMWPHV UGKPGT )GOCJNKP JCVVG /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN #PURTÒEJG CWH FKG 0CEJHQNIG FGU MKPFGTNQUGP URCPKUEJGP -ÌPKIU -CTN ++ FGT FGP DC[GTKUEJGP -WTHÒTUV \WO )GPGTCNUVCVVJCNVGT FGT 5RCPKUEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG GTPCPPVG &QTV MQPPVG /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN YKEJVKIG 'THQNIG YKG FKG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI XQP 0COWT XQP FGP (TCP\QUGP XGTDWEJGP &CU IWVG 8GTJ·NVPKU PCEJ /CFTKF PCJO CWEJ MGKPGP 5EJCFGP CNU /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN PCEJ FGO 6QF /CTKC #PVQPKCU CO &G\GODGT GTPGWV CO ,CPWCT 6JGTGUG -WPKIWPFG FKG 6QEJVGT FGU RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKIU ,QJCPP ++ 5QDKGUMK JGKTCVGVG &GT MT·PMNKEJG -CTN ++ FGT FGP -QPHNKMV \YKUEJGP UGKPGP DGKFGP 5EJYCIGTP .QWKU :+8 XQP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF -CKUGT .GQRQNF + XQTCWUUCJ WPF GKPG 6GKNWPI FGT URCPKUEJGP 'TDNCPFG XGTJKPFGTP YQNNVG GTPCPPVG OKV <WUVKOOWPI (TCPMTGKEJU WPF 'PINCPFU ,QUGRJ (GTFKPCPF FGP 5QJP FGU DC[GTKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP CWU FGT 'JG OKV /CTKC #PVQPKC WPF 7TGPMGN 2JKNKRRU +8 XQP 5RCPKGP \WO URCPKUEJGP 7PKXGTUCNGTDGP #NU ,QUGRJ (GTFKPCPF CO KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP ÒDGTTCUEJGPF UVCTD UGV\VG -CTN ++ FGP 'PMGN XQP .QWKU :+8 2JKNKRR XQP #PLQW CNU #NNGKPGTDGP GKP /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN ICD FGP )GFCPMGP CP FKG YKVVGNUDCEJKUEJG 0CEJHQNIG PKEJV CWH 9GKN GT CNU URCPKUEJGT 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG CWH FKG 'PVUEJGKFWPI -CTNU ++ HGUVIGNGIV YCT XGTDÒPFGVG GT UKEJ KO PCEJ FGO 6QF -CTNU ++ CWUDTGEJGPFGP 5RCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI OKV (TCPMTGKEJ #O #WIWUV GTNGDVG GT KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK *ÌEJUV·FV GKPG MCVCUVTQRJCNG 0KGFGTNCIG FCU DC[GTKUEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GGT YWTFG FWTEJ 2TKP\ 'WIGP XQP 5CXQ[GP WPF FGP *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ XQNNUV·PFKI XGTPKEJVGV &GT -WTHÒTUV OWVG $C[GTP XGTNCUUGP WPF DGICD UKEJ KP FKG URCPKUEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG 0CEJ FGO 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV -CKUGT ,QUGRJU + YWTFG UQICT FKG 4GKEJUCEJV ÒDGT KJP XGTJ·PIV $C[GTP DGUGV\V WPF XQP GKPGT MCKUGTNKEJGP #FOKPKUVTCVKQP TGIKGTV +O ,WPK GTJKGNV GT XQP 2JKNKRR 8 XQP 5RCPKGP FCU *GT\QIVWO .WZGODWTI WPF FKG )TCHUEJCHV 0COWT 'TUV FGT (TKGFG XQP 4CUVCVV DTCEJVG FGO DC[GTKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP FKG 4ÒEMICDG XQP .CPF WPF 4GEJVGP #WU FGT XGTDNGKDGPFGP 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGNU FGT CO (GDTWCT KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP KP /ÒPEJGP UVCTD KUV XQT CNNGO FKG 9KVVGNUDCEJKUEJG *CWUWPKQP XQO /CK JGTXQT\WJGDGP &KG XQP -WTHÒTUV ,QJCPP 9KNJGNO XQP FGT 2HCN\ GKPIGNGKVGVG #PP·JGTWPI CP FGP DC[GTKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP YWTFG XQP -WTHÒTUV -CTN 2JKNKRR HQTVIGUGV\V WPF HÒJTVG \W FGT DGFGWVGPFGP 8GTGKPDCTWPI FGT UKEJ CWEJ FGT $TWFGT FGU DC[GTKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP FGT -ÌNPGT -WTHÒTUV ,QUGRJ -NGOGPU FGT 6TKGTGT 'T\DKUEJQH WPF FKG 5ÌJPG /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGNU CPUEJNQUUGP &GT 8GTVTCI \YKUEJGP FGP DC[GTKUEJGP WPF RH·N\KUEJGP 9KVVGNUDCEJGTP UCJ FKG IGOGKPUCOG #WUÒDWPI FGU 4GKEJUXKMCTKCVU FKG #WHUVGNNWPI GKPGU /CPP UVCTMGP *GGTGU KO -TKGIUHCNN UQYKG FKG YGEJUGNUGKVKIG 0CEJHQNIG FGT DGKFGP *·WUGT XQT FKG OKV FGT ªDGTPCJOG FGT DC[GTKUEJGP 4GIKGTWPI FWTEJ FGP 2H·N\GT -WTHÒTUV -CTN 6JGQFQT GKPVTGVGP UQNNVG

304

BAYERN

5728

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT IGHGTVKIV KO #WHVTCI XQP ( -NGKPGTV CWH FGP 5KGI DGK /QJ±EU ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP &GT IGJCTPKUEJVG -WTHÒTUV OKV -QOOCPFQUVCD KP FGT 4GEJVGP TGKVGV T ÒDGT GKPGP IGHCNNGPGP VÒTMKUEJGP 5QNFCV WPF FGUUGP 4Q JKPYGI <YGK 6ÒTMGP UKPF CP GKPGP #NVCT IGHGUUGNV FCTCWH GKPG .ÌYGPMNCWG FKG GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ OKV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV J·NV /KV 4CPF UEJTKHV OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 9KVV 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG UÒFWPICTKUEJG 5VCFV /QJ±EU NKGIV CP FGT &QPCW KP FGT 0·JG FGT )TGP\G \W -TQCVKGP WPF 5GTDKGP 'U HCPFGP FQTV \YGK DGFGWVGPFG 5EJNCEJVGP UVCVV +O ,CJT DGUKGIVGP FKG 6ÒTMGP FKG 7PICTP WPF KO ,CJT DGUKGIVGP FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP FKG 6ÒTMGP

5729

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV IGHGTVKIV KO #WHVTCI XQP ( -NGKPGTV CWH FGP IGOGKPUCOGP -CORH FGU -WTHÒTUVGP OKV -CKUGT .GQRQNF + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP WPF FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP $GNITCF CO 5GRVGODGT <YGK 2CNOD·WOG FKG FWTEJ GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGP UKPF ÒDGT FGO NKPMGP $CWO DGHKPFGV UKEJ FKG -CKUGTMTQPG OKV FGT &GXKUG FGU -CKUGTU .GQRQNF + %105+.+1 '6 +0&8564+# KP GKPGO .QTDGGTMTCP\ ÒDGT FGO TGEJVGP $CWO DGHKPFGV UKEJ FGT -WTJWV OKV FGT &GXKUG /#45 % 5#4+ /145 674% GDGPHCNNU KP GKPGO .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPVGP FKG -QRHDGFGEMWPI FGU VÒTMKUEJGP 5WNVCPU CWH &QTPGP\YGKIGP &GT JCDUDWTIKUEJG #FNGT WPF FGT DC[GTKUEJG .ÌYG CNU 5VGTP DKNFGT FCTIGUVGNNV FKG FGP VÒTMKUEJGP *CNDOQPF FGT UKEJ JKPVGT 9QNMGP XGTUVGEMV XGTHQNIGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 9KVV 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

5730

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) *CWVUEJ CWH UGKPG ªDGTPCJOG FGT 5VCVVJCNVGTUEJCHV FGT URCPKUEJGP 0KGFGT NCPFG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN CNU 2GTUGWU OKV 5EJKNF WPF GTJQDGPGO 5EJYGTV FCTIGUVGNNV TGKVGV T CWH 2GICUWU WPF DGHTGKV FKG PCEJ N UKV\GPFG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP $GNIKGPU CNU #PFTQOGFC FCTIGUVGNNV FKG XQP GKPGO /GGTGUWPIGJGWGT DGFTQJV YKTF /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ X .QQP +8 5 XCT 9KVV *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W /CZKOKNKCP ++ 'OCPWGN HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 305

BAYERN

5731

1,5:1

-CTN #NDGTV &QRRGNVGT 5EJCWVCNGT XQP ) 4 &QPPGT CWH FKG )GDWTV UGKPGU 5QJPGU FGU -WTRTKP\GP /CZKOKNKCP ,QUGRJ UR·VGT /CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU &GT IGMTÌPVG -WTHÒTUV UVGJV PCEJ N KP CPVKMGT 4ÒUVWPI KP FGT 4GEJVGP -QOOCPFQUVCD KP FGT GTJQDGPGP .KPMGP 4GKEJUCRHGN XQT KJO UKV\V $CXCTKC CWH GKPGO PCEJ T NKGIGPFGP .ÌYGP FGT FGP -WTJWV VT·IV OKV DGKFGP *·PFGP J·NV UKG FGP DC[GTKUEJGP 9CRRGPUEJKNF FGT OKV FGO -WTJWV DGFGEMV KUV OO I 9KVV 5GJT UGNVGP DGUQPFGTU KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5732

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( # 5EJGIC CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI \WO -CKUGT -CTN 8++ WPF FKG -TÌPWPI UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKC #OCNKC

Ó 6QEJVGT ,QUGRJU + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ \WT -CKUGTKP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU )GMTÌPVGU $TWUVDKNF /CTKC #OCNKCU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I (ÌTUEJPGT )TQVGOG[GT , W ( 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 9KVV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KP\ -TCV\GT WPF YKP\ 2WP\G KO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

306

BAYERN

5733

5CVKTKUEJG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH UGKP YGEJUGNXQNNGU )NÒEM CNU -CKUGT &KG PCEMVG -CKUGTKP /CTKC 6JGTGUKC UVGJV X X \YKUEJGP GKPGO -CTFKPCN FGT KJTGP #TO ITGKHV WPF FGO -CKUGT FGT KJTG *QUG CWH FGO #TO VT·IV WPF KJT \WTWHV , #+ )#)0' +EJ JCDG IGYQPPGP &KG -ÌPKIKP DGINGKVGV XQP KJTGT <QHG \KGJV UKEJ GKPG DC[GTKUEJG *QUG CP WPF TWHV FGO N KO 8QTFGTITWPF UVGJGPFGP -CKUGT \W 8175 #8'< 2'4&7 5KG JCDGP XGTNQTGP OO (ÌTUEJPGT FQTV XQP 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 9KVV FQTV XQP 5GJT UEJÌP

5734

/CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ( # 5EJGIC CWH FGP -WTHÒTUVGP WPF UGKPG )GOCJNKP /CTKC #PPC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU -WTHÒTUVGP (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV ++ XQP 5CEJUGP -ÌPKI #WIWUV +++ XQP 2QNGP TGI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF /CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU $TWUVDKNF /CTKC #PPCU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 1TFGPUDCPF WPF 1TFGPUUVGTP OO I )TQVGOG[GT * %\ 9KVV 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T #WHITWPF FGT 2QTVT·VFCTUVGNNWPI XQP /CZKOKNKCP +++ ,QUGRJ QTFPGV )TQVGOG[GT FKG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG KP FKG <GKV WO GKP

5735

-CTN 6JGQFQT 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , / $ÒEMNG *WNFKIWPI FGT DC[GTKUEJGP .CPF UV·PFG CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO CNU -WTHÒTUV XQP FGT 2HCN\ 2CNCVKPC WPF $CXCTKC LGFG OKV KJTGO 9CRRGPUEJKNF \WT 5GKVG DGMT·P\GP IGOGKPUCO FKG $ÒUVG FGU -WTHÒTUVGP FKG X X CWH GKPGO 2QUVCOGPV UVGJV &GT DC[GTKUEJG 4CWVGPUEJKNF CP GKPGO 1DGNKUMGP \W FGP 5GKVGP LG \YGK 2CNOD·WOG CP FGPGP FKG 9CRRGP FGT DC[GTKUEJGP *CWRVUV·FVG /ÒPEJGP .CPFUJWV $WTIJCWUGP WPF 5VTCWDKPI DGHGUVKIV UKPF QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG KP 9QNMGP OO I (QTUVGT 5VGORGT 9KVV (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

307

BAYERN

5736

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* $#;'40

/CZKOKNKCP + +8 ,QUGRJ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , .ÌUEJ CWH FKG 5QNGNGKVWPI XQP $GTEJVGUICFGP PCEJ 4GKEJGPJCNN $ÒUVG T (NWIÌVVKP NKGIV PCEJ N XQT #NRGPRCPQTCOC FKG 4GEJVG CWH GKP 5CN\HC IGNGIV OKV FGO NKPMGP #TO NGJPV UKG CWH GKPGT 3WGNNWTPG \W KJTGP (ÒGP NKGIV FGT DC[GTKUEJG .ÌYG OO I 9KVV 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH UGKPG 6QEJVGT 'NKUCDGVJ .WFQXKMC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5737

5738

.WFYKI ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 6CWVGPJC[P CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGU %QWUKPU .GQRQNF /CZKOKNKCP ,QUGRJ OKV )KUGNC 6QEJVGT -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGHU XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ &KG $TWUVDKNFGT FGU 2CCTGU PGDGPGKPCPFGT T )GHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU UVGJV X X OKV FGP DGKFGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF $C[GTP OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 9KVV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI +P TQVGO 1TKIKPCNGVWK (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ .GQRQNF /CZKOKNKCP ,QUGRJ YWTFG CO (GDTWCT KP /ÒPEJGP CNU 5QJP XQP .WKVRQNF FGO UR·VGTGP 2TKP\ TGIGPV XQP $C[GTP WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP #WIWUVG 'T\JGT\QIKP XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF 2TKP\GUUKP XQP 6QUMCPC IGDQTGP 'T XGTO·JNVG UKEJ CO #RTKN KP 9KGP OKV 'T\JGT\QIKP )KUGNC 6QEJVGT XQP -CKUGT (TCP\ ,QUGRJ WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 'NKUCDGVJ *GT\QIKP KP $C[GTP <W UGKPGO 5EJYKGIGTXCVGT JCVVG 2TKP\ .GQRQNF FGT LÒPIGTG $TWFGT FGU UR·VGTGP NGV\VGP DC[GTKUEJGP -ÌPKIU .WFYKI +++ XQT CNNGO YGIGP UGKPGT OKNKV·TKUEJGP 8GTFKGPUVG \GKVNGDGPU GKP JGTXQTTCIGPFGU 8GTJ·NVPKU 5QYQJN KP FGP -TKGIGP WPF CNU CWEJ PQEJ KO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI YQ GT CO #WIWUV KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP \WO 0CEJHQNIGT *KPFGPDWTIU KO 1DGTMQOOCPFQ 1UV GTPCPPV YWTFG MQPPVG 2TKP\ .GQRQNF ITQG 'THQNIG GTTKPIGP 'T UVCTD KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP CO 5GRVGODGT KP /ÒPEJGP 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG DC[GTKUEJG 2TKP\GUUKP +UCDGNNC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

308

.WKVRQNF 2TKP\TGIGPV 'KPUGKVKIGU $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNQP XQP , 'EJVCNGT CWH UGKPG 'PMGNKP /CTKC XQP $C[GTP

Ó $TWUVDKNF FGT 2TKP\GUUKP N OO (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

BRANDENBURG IN FRANKEN

5739

.WFYKI +++ 8GTUKNDGTVG $TQP\G 5VGEMOGFCKNNG XQP 4 -NGKP $C[GTPVCNGT 7PKHQT OKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF N <YGK IGMTÌPVG .ÌYGP JCNVGP FCU IGMTÌPVG XKGTHGNFKIG 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF FCTÒDGT +0 64'7' ('56 OO +PJCNV OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPG MQNQTKGTVG 2CRKGTGKPNCIGP OKV /QVKXGP CWU FGO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI 2TGNGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

$100

/GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W $QPP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5740

1,5:1

$4#0&'0$74) +0 (4#0-'0 &+' /#4-)4#(5%*#(6 $4#0&'0$74) #05$#%*

%JTKUVKCP (TKGFTKEJ -CTN #NGZCPFGT 5KNDGTPG (TGKOCWTGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV FGT .QIG #NGZCPFGT \W FGP FTGK 5VGTPGP CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU /CTMITCHGP <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 5QPPG /QPF WPF 5VGTPG WOIGDGP GKP TGEJVYKPMNKIGU &TGKGEM CWH FGO GKP 9KPMGNOC NKGIV FCTWPVGT <KTMGN FGUUGP 5RKV\GP GKPGP MWDKUEJGP WPF GKPGP TQJGP 5VGKP DGTÒJTGP \YKUEJGP FGP 5VGKPGP GKP *COOGT OO I *<% 5NI 9KNO 44 /KP &QRRGNUEJNCI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

309

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5741

$4#0&'0$74) 24'755'0 &#5 -74(ª456'067/ $4#0&'0$74)

(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO FGT )TQG -WTHÒTUV 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , *ÌJP LT CWH FKG 'TDJWNFKIWPI KP -ÌPKIUDGTI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &GT IGMTÌPVG RTGWKUEJG #FNGT HNKGIV T ÒDGT FGT 'TFJCNDMWIGN QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU #WIG )QVVGU OKV FGT 8GTJGKWPI %1057.#/ 6+$+ 1%7.1 /'1 +EJ YGTFG FKEJ OKV OGKPGP #WIGP NGKVGP OO I $TQEMOCPP 4 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC (GNFGT CNVIGIN·VVGV UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ &KG -KPFJGKV (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNOU FGU CO KP %ÌNNP CP FGT 5RTGG IGDQTGPGP 5QJPGU FGU -WTHÒTUVGP )GQTI 9KNJGNO YCT FWTEJ FGP &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGI WPF FWTEJ FKG *KNHNQUKIMGKV IGRT·IV OKV FGT $TCPFGPDWTI FKGUG UEJYGTG <GKV FWTEJNGKFGP OWVG &KG GKP\KIGP .KEJVDNKEMG YCTGP FKG *GNFGPIGUVCNV UGKPGU 1PMGNU )WUVCX ++ #FQNH FGUUGP .GKEJPCO GT KP 9QNICUV \W 5EJKHHG IGNGKVGV JCV WPF UGKP $KNFWPIUCWHGPVJCNV KP FGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP FKG KJO TGNKIKÌU RQNKVKUEJ WPF YKTVUEJCHVNKEJ \WO 8QTDKNF YWTFGP 0CEJ FGO 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV DGICPP GT UGKV OKV FGO #WHDCW GKPGU UEJNCIMT·HVKIGP *GGTGU FCU \WT )TWPFNCIG FGT UR·VGTGP RTGWKUEJGP #TOGG YWTFG &WTEJ FGP 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP GTJKGNV $TCPFGPDWTI )GDKGVU\WYCEJU FWTEJ FKG CWHIGJQDGPGP $KUVÒOGT *CNDGTUVCFV /KPFGP /CIFGDWTI WPF -COOKP KO (TKGFGP XQP 1NKXC XQO /CK MQPPVG (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO FKG RQNPKUEJG #PGTMGPPWPI UGKPGT 5QWXGT·PKV·V ÒDGT 2TGWGP GTTGKEJGP &KG FKXGTUGP +PVGTGUUGP UGKPGT YGKV CWUGKPCPFGTNKGIGPFGP )GDKGVG XGTCPNCVGP FGP -WTHÒTUVGP \W YGEJUGNPFGP -QCNKVKQPGP OKV FGP FCOCNKIGP )TQO·EJVGP 2QNGP *CDUDWTI (TCPMTGKEJ 0KGFGTNCPFG GKPG 2QNKVKM FKG CNU DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJGU 9GEJUGNHKGDGT DG\GKEJPGV YWTFG &GT ITÌVG )GIPGT YCT Y·JTGPF UGKPGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV UVGVU 5EJYGFGP FGUUGP \CJNGPO·KI FGWVNKEJ ÒDGTNGIGPGU *GGT GT KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK (GJTDGNNKP DGUKGIGP MQPPVG 1DYQJN GT FCFWTEJ UGKP <KGN FKG 'TYGTDWPI FGU IGUCOVGP 2QOOGTPU PKEJV FCWGTJCHV GTTGKEJVG YWTFG GT UGKVFGO FGT )TQG -WTHÒTUV IGPCPPV 0GDGP FGP DGFGWVGPFGP )GDKGVU\WY·EJUGP MQPPVG GT CWEJ 8GTYCNVWPI WPF 9KTVUEJCHV CWUDCWGP 0GDGP FGT #PUKGFNWPI XQP *WIGPQVVGP FGT 'TTKEJVWPI XQP -CP·NGP WPF /CPWHCMVWTGP UKPF KP FKGUGO <WUCOOGPJCPI CWEJ UGKPG MQNQPKCNGP 7PVGTPGJOWPIGP KP #HTKMC WPF FGT $CW GKPGT /CTKPG \W PGPPGP #WEJ JKGTDGK URKGNVGP FKG 0KGFGTNCPFG CNU 8QTDKNF GKPG 4QNNG HÒT (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO FGT CO &G\GODGT FKG PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG 2TKP\GUUKP .WKUG *GPTKGVVG XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP IGJGKTCVGV JCVVG #O /CK UVCTD FGT )TQG -WTHÒTUV FGT FWTEJ FKG 5V·TMWPI FGT MWTHÒTUVNKEJ DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJGP <GPVTCNIGYCNV PCEJ KPPGP WPF CWGP FGP )TWPFUVGKP HÒT FKG RTGWKUEJG )TQOCEJV IGNGIV JCVVG 'KPG /GFCKNNG OKV FGO 2QTVT·V UGKPGT 6CPVG /CTKC 'NGQPQTC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5742

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 6 4GWUU CWH UGKPG 4ÒEMMGJT CWU 2TCI &GT IGJCTPKUEJVG -WTHÒTUV OKV JQJGO (GFGTJWV TGKVGV T )NÒEMUIÌVVKP UVGJV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ N IGYCPFV KP FGT 4GEJVGP /GTMWTUVCD KP FGT .KPMGP (ÒNNJQTP OO I $TQEMOCPP 44 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T 0CEJ FGO 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP GTJKGNV 2TGWGP CWU FGT 6GKNWPI 2QOOGTPU FCU )GDKGV *KPVGTRQOOGTP &KGUDG\ÒINKEJ ICD GU OKV 5EJYGFGP KOOGT YKGFGT #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP &GUJCND TGKUVG FGT -WTHÒTUV \WO -CKUGT PCEJ 2TCI YQ KJO FKGUGT UGKPG 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI \WUCIVG

310

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5743

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQT XQP , *ÌJP WPF % /GNEJKQT CNU )GUEJGPM HÒT HTGOFG )GUCPFVG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN KP GKPGT TGKEJ XGT\KGTVGP IGMTÌPVGP -CTVWUEJG &GT OKV FGO -WTJWV DGMTÌPVG DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJG #FNGT CWH FGT $TWUV <GRVGTUEJKNF CWH FGP 5EJYKPIGP FKG 9CRRGP FGT DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJGP .·PFGT OO I $TQEMOCPP 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC (GNFGT HGKP ÒDGTCTDGKVGV UQPUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 1GNTKEJ XGTOWVGV YQJN \W TGEJV FC FKG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG XQT CNUQ XQT 'TNCPIWPI FGT RTGWKUEJGP 5QWXGT·PKV·V IGUEJCHHGP YQTFGP KUV &KG #WHHÒJTWPI CNNGT 6KVGN WPF 9CRRGP N·V FGP 5EJNW \W FC UKG CNU )GUEJGPM HÒT HTGOFG )GUCPFVG WPF 9ÒTFGPVT·IGT FKGPVG

5744

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP , *ÌJP CWH .WECU $NCURGKN TGHQTOKGTVGT *QHRTGFKIGT KP -ÌPKIU DGTI $TWUVDKNF $NCURGKNU T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV +PPGPCPUKEJV GKPGT -KTEJG OO I /CTKGPD p 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFXGTRT·IWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ .WECU $NCURGKN YWTFG XGTOWVNKEJ WO KP .KPVQTH JGWVG 5VCFVVGKN XQP 4CVKPIGP IGDQTGP 'T YCT 0GHHG FGU -NGXGT -COOGTTCVGU 9KNJGNO .WECU $NCURGKN FGT \W $GIKPP FGT 4GIKGTWPI FGU )TQGP -WTHÒTUVGP KP -ÌPKIUDGTI FGUUGP 8GTVTCWGP IGYQPPGP JCVVG .WECU $NCURGKN UVWFKGTVG 6JGQNQIKG KP &WKUDWTI .GKFGP WPF $CUGN WPF YWTFG UR·VGT *QHRTGFKIGT KP -ÌPKIUDGTI 'T CXCPEKGTVG UQICT \WO IGKUVNKEJGP 4CV FGU )TQGP -WTHÒTUVGP

311

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

1,5:1

5745

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XGTOWVNKEJ XQP , *ÌJP CWH FCU 'PFG FGT $GNCIGTWPI XQP /CIFGDWTI 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP /CIFGDWTI XQO 'NDWHGT CWU CWH FGT 'NDG \CJNTGKEJG 5EJKHHG QDGP )QVVGUCWIG KP 9QNMGP &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP /CIFGDWTIU UVGJV JCNDN KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP -TCP\ ÒDGT KJTGO *CWRV GKPG XQP T CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF QDGP N 5VTCJNGP KP 9QNMGP KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGT DGUEJQUUGPGP WPF \WO 6GKN DTGPPGPFGP 5VCFV UQYKG 5EJNCEJVU\GPGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV 2WPMVTQUGVVG 8+'.' &47%-'6 -4+') /14& 70& $4#0& Û /+%* $'&'%-'6 )166'5 *#0& OO I $TQEMOCPP p /CTKGPD p 5NI *GPEMGN p &CU GKP\KIG KO *CPFGN DGHKPFNKEJG 'ZGORNCT YCJTUEJGKPNKEJ 7PKMWO 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG KUV XÌNNKI WPGFKGTV FKG <WYGKUWPI PCEJ /CIFGDWTI CDGT \YGKHGNUHTGK &CU 5VCFVDKNF \GKIV FKG 5VCFV /CIFGDWTI OKV FGT 'NDG WPF FGT $CUVKQP KO 8QTFGTITWPF YKG UKG CWEJ CWH FGO 6CNGT XQP CWH FCU 'PFG FGT 2GUV \W UGJGP KUV X 5EJT #WEJ FKG /CIF OKV FGO -TCP\ CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG U[ODQNKUKGTV GKPFGWVKI /CIFGDWTI &KG 4ÒEMUGKVG GTKPPGTV CP FKG $GNCIGTWPI WPF 'TQDGTWPI FGT 5VCFV FWEJ FKG 6TWRRGP XQP 6KNN[ KO /·T\ YQDGK /CIFGDWTI FWTEJ GKPGP )TQDTCPF PCJG\W XÌNNKI \GTUVÌTV YWTFG (ÒT FKG 2T·IWPI FKGUGT /GFCKNNG KO ,CJT IKDV GU FWTEJCWU GKPG UEJNÒUUKIG JKUVQTKUEJG +PVGTRTGVCVKQP HKGNGP FKG 5EJYGFGP CNU 8GTDÒPFGVG (TCPMTGKEJU KP $TCPFGPDWTI GKP WO FGP )TQGP -WTHÒTUVGP FGT UKEJ OKV UGKPGP 6TWRRGP KP 5ÒFFGWVUEJNCPF KO -TKGI IGIGP (TCPMTGKEJ DGHCPF KP $GFT·PIPKU \W DTKPIGP &GT 5VCFV /CIFGDWTI FTQJVG GTPGWV 7PJGKN WPF 8GTPKEJVWPI $GMCPPVNKEJ TÒEMVG FGT )TQG -WTHÒTUV KP 'KNO·TUEJGP KP FKG /CTM CNU FKG 5EJYGFGP WPVGT 9TCPIGN \W MTKGIGTKUEJGP #MVKXKV·VGP ÒDGTIKPIGP WPF DGYCJTVG UQ CWEJ /CIFGDWTI XQT GKPGT GTPGWVGP $GNCIGTWPI WPF OÌINKEJGP 'TQDGTWPI &KGUGP <WUCOOGPJCPI DTKPIV FKG 4CPFUEJTKHV WPUGTGT /GFCKNNG \WO #WUFTWEM $TCPFGPDWTI 2TGWGP JCVVG DGTGKVU KO 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP FKG #PYCTVUEJCHV CWH FKG 5VCFV WPF FCU 'T\DKUVWO /CIFGDWTI GTJCNVGP +O ,CJTG GTHQNIVG FKG *WNFKIWPI HÒT FGP )TQGP -WTHÒTUVGP PCEJ FGO 6QF FGU #FOKPKUVTCVQTU #WIWUV XQP 5CEJUGP HKGN /CIFGDWTI XGTVTCIUIGO· CP $TCPFGPDWTI 2TGWGP &GT CWUIG\GKEJPGVG 5VKN WPF FKG 3WCNKV·V FGT #TDGKV NCUUGP CWH GKPGP JGTXQTTCIGPFGP /GFCKNNGWT UEJNKGGP #WEJ QJPG 5KIPCVWT INCWDGP YKT FC GU UKEJ DGK FKGUGT /GFCKNNG WO GKPG #TDGKV XQP ,QJCPP *ÌJP JCPFGNV

312

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5746

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , *ÌJP CWH FGP 5KGI FGT $TCPFGPDWTIGT DGK (GJTDGNNKP CO ,WPK &GT -WTHÒTUV TGKVGV N XQT KJO FGT XQP GKPGT -WIGN IGVTQHHGPG 5VCNNOGKUVGT 'OCPWGN (TQGDGP

Ó T GKP 4GKVGT WPVGT GKPGO $CWO KO *KPVGTITWPF &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5EJNCEJV FCJKPVGT FGT (NW 4JKP WPF FGT 1TV (GJTDGNNKP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I $TQEMOCPP (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T 1UUDCJT YKGU FCTCWH JKP FC FKGUG &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK (GJTDGNNKP PKEJV ICP\ FGP 6CVUCEJGP GPVURTGEJG WPF FCU 8GTJCNVGP FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP 6TWRRGP CDUKEJVNKEJ XGTMGJTV YKGFGTIGDG 5Q UGKGP MGKPGUHCNNU YKG CWH FGT 2T·IWPI IG\GKIV UEJYGFKUEJG 5QNFCVGP FWTEJ FGP (NW 4JKP IGUEJYQOOGP WO (GJTDGNNKP \W GTTGKEJGP UKG UGKGP XKGNOGJT KP IGQTFPGVGT 4GKJG ÒDGT FKG YKGFGTJGTIGUVGNNVG $TÒEMG CDIG\QIGP #WH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG NKG FGT )TQG -WTHÒTUV JGTXQTJGDGP FC GT FKG 5EJYGFGP FKG UKGDGP /QPCVG NCPI UGKP .CPF XGTYÒUVGV J·VVGP KP PWT UKGDGP 6CIGP CWU UGKPGO 6GTTKVQTKWO XGTVTKGDGP JCDG +PUQHGTP YWTFG FGT 6GZV FGU 5KGIGUVCNGTU GVYCU CDIGOKNFGTV KP FGO XQP UKGDGPOQPCVKIGO 4CWDGP WPF 2NÒPFGTP FKG 4GFG KUV

5748

5747

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , *ÌJP CWH FGP 5KGI FGT $TCPFGPDWTIGT DGK (GJTDGNNKP CO ,WPK &GT -WTHÒTUV TGKVGV N XQT KJO FGT XQP GKPGT -WIGN IGVTQHHGPG OKV UGKPGO 4Q IGUVÒT\VG 5VCNNOGKUVGT 'OCPWGN (TQGDGP

Ó T 4GKVGT KO *KPVGTITWPF &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 5EJNCEJV FCJKPVGT FGT 1TV (GJTDGNNKP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I $TQEMOCPP 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) .G[IGDG CWH FGP 5KGI FGT $TCPFGPDWTIGT DGK (GJTDGNNKP CO ,WPK $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF KP TÌOKUEJGT 4ÒUVWPI &KG (TKGFGPUIÌVVKP UKV\V PCEJ N KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ FKG .KPMG OKV 2CNO\YGKI TWJV CWH FGO OKV -WTJWV DGFGEMVGP $TCPFGPDWTIGT 5EJKNF WOJGT #& .+08/ + Û +80; m OO I $TQEMOCPP 1UUDCJT 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI FGT (TGKJGTTGP $QPFG 'TKEUDGTI 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 0QTFNKPF 1UPCDTÒEM 0T #WH FKGUGT UGNVGPGP /GFCKNNG YKTF UVCVV FGU ÒDNKEJGP (GJTDGNNKP FCU DGPCEJDCTVG &QTH .KPWO CNU 1TV FGT 5EJNCEJV CPIGIGDGP

313

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5749

1,5:1

5KNDGTCDUEJNCI XQP FGP 5VGORGNP FGU &QRRGNFWMCVGP +* $GTNKP XQP , *ÌJP CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 5VGVVKP $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 5VGVVKP QDGP JCNVGP #FNGT WPF )TGKH IGOGKPUCO FCU -WT\GRVGT OO I $CJTH #POGTMWPI 5 FQTV CNU ,GVQP DG\GKEJPGV 5NI *GPEMGN FQTV CNU 8KGTVGNVCNGT DG\GKEJPGV X 5EJT p 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJFGO 5VGVVKP KO 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP PGDUV 8QTRQOOGTP CP 5EJYGFGP CDIGVTGVGP YQTFGP YCT MQPPVG FGT )TQG -WTHÒTUV FKG 5VCFV PCEJ JCTVP·EMKIGT 8GTVGKFKIWPI UGKVGPU FGT 5EJYGFGP WPF FGT $ÒTIGTUEJCHV CO &G\GODGT GKPPGJOGP &KG -CRKVWNCVKQP FGT 5VCFV MQPPVG JKPIGIGP GTUV CO ,CPWCT GT\YWPIGP YGTFGP &GT 5KGI YCT LGFQEJ PWT XQP MWT\GT &CWGT DGTGKVU OWVG 5VGVVKP YKGFGT CP 5EJYGFGP \WTÒEMIGIGDGP YGTFGP

5750

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , *ÌJP CWH FKG 8GTVTGKDWPI FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP 6TWRRGP CWU FGO *GT\QIVWO 2TGWGP 1UVRTGWGP KO ,CPWCT WPF (GDTWCT &GT UEJYGFKUEJG .ÌYG XGTUWEJV FGP DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJGP #FNGT FGT CWH GKPGO (GNUGPJQTUV UVGJV CP\WITGKHGP KO *KPVGTITWPF JGTCP\KGJGPFG 6TWRRGP FKG XQP FGT 5QPPG DGUVTCJNV YGTFGP &GT #FNGT UVÌV CWU UGKPGO *QTUV CWH FGP .ÌYGP JGTCD KO *KPVGTITWPF WPVGTIGJGPFG 5QPPG WPF HNÒEJVGPFG 6TWRRGP FCTÒDGT GKP CWU FGP 9QNMGP MQOOGPFGT IGJCTPKUEJVGT #TO OKV <GRVGT /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV +75675 '5 &1/+0' '6 +756# 5706 +7&+%+# 67# È OO I $TQEMOCPP 4 ªDNKEJGT MNGKPGT 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI FGT (TGKJGTTGP $QPFG 'TKEUDGTI 6GKN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 0QTFNKPF 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG 7OUEJTKHV FGT 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG UKPF 9QTVG 5GPGECU WPF DGFGWVGP &GPLGPKIGP FGP OCP CO CPDTGEJGPFGP 6CI XQNNGT ªDGTOWV IGUGJGP JCV IGOGKPV UKPF FKG KP 2TGWGP GKPOCTUEJKGTGPFGP 5EJYGFGP UKGJV OCP CO XGTIGJGPFGP 6CI DGUKGIV FCNKGIGP +P FGT 4CPFUEJTKHV YKTF FKG 8GTVTGKDWPI FGT 5EJYGFGP CNU )QVVGU 9KNNG GORHWPFGP

314

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5751

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , $ 5EJWNV\ CWH FKG )TÒPFWPI FGT -QNQPKG )TQHTKGFTKEJUDGTI CO )QNH XQP )WKPGC )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV *CNUVWEJ 'KP ITQGT -QORC NKGIV CWH GKPGO 5QEMGN CWH IGMCEJGNVGO $QFGP KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG -ÒUVG XQP )WKPGC FCXQT 5GIGNUEJKHHG CWH FGO /GGT /KV 4CPF UEJTKHV %1'26# 0#8+)#6+1 #& 14#5 )7+0' #001 /&%.:::+ 8GT\KGTWPI OO I $TQEMOCPP 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV *GPMGNURWT FGPPQEJ CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG 4GGFGT $GPLCOKP 4CWNG KPKVKKGTVG FKG 'ZRGFKVKQP WPVGT /CLQT 1VVQ (TKGFTKEJ XQP FGT )TQGDGP PCEJ )WKPGC /CP UEJNQ 8GTVT·IG OKV FGP 'KPIGDQTGPGP CD WPF MCWHVG .CPF #O ,CPWCT DTCEJVG OCP FKG MWTHÒTUVNKEJG (CJPG CP .CPF WPF NGIVG FGP )TWPFUVGKP HÒT FKG (GUVWPI )TQHTKGFTKEJUDGTI FGO UR·VGTGP )TQHTKGFTKEJUDWTI WPF FGO JGWVKIGP )JCPC #WEJ FKG #WURT·IWPI FGT )WKPGC &WMCVGP GTHQNIVG CWU FGO INGKEJGP #PNC

5752

1,5:1

(TKGFTKEJ +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG )GDWTV UGKPGU GTUVGP 5QJPGU FGU -TQPRTKP\GP (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO UR·VGT -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO + FGT 5QNFCVGPMÌPKI 4Q OKV FGO -QRH WPF FGP (NÒIGNP GKPGU #FNGTU URTKPIV N #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP 2CNO WPF ¤N\YGKI IGMTGW\V WPVGP #TCDGUMG OO I $TQEMOCPP -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ &CU CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FKGUGT /GFCKNNG FCTIGUVGNNVG 6KGT UQNN GKPG 8GTDKPFWPI FGU YGNHKUEJGP 4QUUGU OKV FGO RTGWKUEJGP #FNGT U[ODQNKUKGTGP FC FKG /WVVGT FGU -TQPRTKP\GP 5QRJKG %JCTNQVVG FKG 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU 'TPUV #WIWUV XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI %CNGPDGTI *CPPQXGT YCT

315

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5753

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 (CNV\ CWH FKG 5KGIG CO 0KGFGTTJGKP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIG NGIVGO /CPVGN &GT (NWIQVV FGU 4JGKPU NCIGTV PCEJ N KP .CPFUEJCHV KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5VGWGTTWFGT FGP NKPMGP #TO CWH GKPG 3WGNNWTPG IGNGJPV OO I $TQEMOCPP 5VGIWYGKV 9GKNGT 44 9KP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T +O *GTDUV DGICPP FGT 2H·N\KUEJG 'TDHQNIGMTKGI (TCP\ÌUKUEJG 6TWRRGP ÒDGTUEJTKVVGP FKG 4GKEJUITGP\G DGUGV\VGP TCUEJ 6GKNG FGU 'T\DKUVWOU -ÌNP UQYKG FKG 5V·FVG 9QTOU 5RG[GT *GKFGNDGTI (TCPMGPVJCN /CKP\ /CPPJGKO -QDNGP\ WPF 2JKNKRRUDWTI WPF MQPPVGP DKU PCEJ 5EJYCDGP WPF (TCPMGP XQTTÒEMGP &GT 4GKEJUVCI TGCIKGTVG FCTCWH CO (GDTWCT OKV FGO $GUEJNWUU \WO 4GKEJUMTKGI -CKUGT .GQRQNF + UEJNQUU UKEJ CO /CK OKV FGP )GPGTCNUVCCVGP FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG IGIGP (TCPMTGKEJ \WT UQIGPCPPVGP )TQGP #NNKCP\ \WUCOOGP FGT CWEJ 5RCPKGP WPF 5CXQ[GP DGKVTCVGP +P FKGUGO ,CJT MQPPVGP FKG 8GTDÒPFGVGP 6GTTCKP \WTÒEMGTQDGTP WPF FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 6TWRRGP KP &GWVUEJNCPF \WTÒEMFT·PIGP &GP MWTHÒTUVNKEJ DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJGP 5VTGKVMT·HVGP MCO FKG #WHICDG \W FCU 'T\UVKHV -ÌNP WPF FKG WONKGIGPFGP )GIGPFGP XQP FGP (TCP\QUGP \W DGHTGKGP /KV GKPGT 5VTGKVOCEJV XQP EC /CPP WPF PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP 6TWRRGP CP UGKPGT 5GKVG IGNCPI GU -WTHÒTUV (TKGFTKEJ +++ XQP $TCPFGPDWTI FKGUG #WHICDG \W GTHÒNNGP 4GEJVU WPF NKPMU FGU 4JGKPU PCJO GT FGP (TCP\QUGP \CJNTGKEJG 1TVG WPF (GUVWPIGP CD &KG -CRKVWNCVKQP FGT (GUVWPI 4JGKPDGTI GTHQNIVG CO /CK -CKUGTUYGTVJ MCRKVWNKGTVG CO ,WPK WPF $QPP YWTFG XQP FGP (TCP\QUGP GTUV PCEJ GKPGT TWPF FTGKOQPCVKIGP $GNCIGTWPI CO 1MVQDGT ÒDGTIGDGP

5754

1,5:1

316

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT QFGT ) *CWVUEJ CWH FKG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI FGT -WTMÌNPGT 5V·FVG 4JGKPDGTI -CKUGTUYGTVJ WPF $QPP XQP FGP (TCP\QUGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 5RKV\GPVWEJ #WH -TKGIUYCHHGP KP FTGK QXCNGP /GFCKNNQPU FKG 5VCFVCPUKEJVGP XQP 4JGKPDGTI -CKUGTUYGTVJ WPF $QPP KO #DUEJPKVV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPF ,CJTGU\CJN /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I $TQEMOCPP 9GKNGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT XQT\ÒINKEJ

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5755

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI FGU 'T\UVKHVU -ÌNP WPF FKG $GNCIGTWPI XQP $QPP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ &GT (NWIQVV FGU 4JGKPU NCIGTV PCEJ T CO 5EJKNH WHGT OKV 5VGWGTTWFGT FCTCWH (TGKJGKVUOÒV\G FGP NKPMGP #TO CWH 3WGNNWTPG IGNGIV XQT KJO UEJYGDV 8KMVQTKC OKV *GNO KP NKPMGP #TO (ÒNNJQTP WPF 2CNO\YGKI KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGT DGUEJQUUGPGP 5VCFV OO I $TQEMOCPP 9GKNGT 5GJT UGNVGP DGUQPFGTU KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5756

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , $ 5EJWNV\ CWH FKG $GHTGKWPI FGT MWTMÌNPKUEJGP 5V·FVG XQP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT $GUGV\WPI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5EJNCEJVU\GPG KP 4JGKPNCPFUEJCHV QDGP IGMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV ¤N\YGKI KO 5EJPCDGN KP FGP (·PIGP <GRVGT 5EJYGTV WPF 5EJTKHVDCPF OO I $TQEMOCPP 9GKNGT WGTUV UGNVGP 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI

5757

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT IGHGTVKIV KO #WHVTCI XQP ( -NGKPGTV CWH FKG 4ÒEM GTQDGTWPI FGT -WTMÌNPGT 5VCFV $QPP XQP FGP (TCP\QUGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GUEJÒV\UVGNNWPI CO 4JGKPWHGT KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV FGT DGNCIGTVGP WPF XQP #TVKNNGTKG DGUEJQUUGPGP 5VCFV /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I $TQEMOCPP (QTUVGT 9GKNGT 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP &KG 4CPFUEJTKHV UVCOOV XQP (TKGFTKEJ -NGKPGTV Ó FGT \WO GTUVGP /CN KP &GWVUEJNCPF FKG GTJCDGPG 5EJTKHV CWH FGT 4CPFMCPVG XGTYGPFGVG

317

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

1,5:1

5758

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 (CNV\ CWH FKG 'TYGKVGTWPI WPF 8GTUEJÌPGTWPI FGT 5VCFV $GTNKP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )TWPFTK XQP $GTNKP OKV FGP 5VCFVVGKNPCOGP &141 6*'0 56#6 (4+&' 4+%* 56#6 (4+&' 4+%*5 9'4&' %1..0 WPF $'4 .+0 KPPGT JCND XQP 5EJKNFGP OO I $TQEMOCPP 5VGIWYGKV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP CO 4CPF UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5759

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 24'755'0

(TKGFTKEJ +++ + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , -KVVGN CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI \WO -ÌPKI KP 2TGWGP CO ,CPWCT )GMTÌPVGU WPF IGJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN <GRVGT UVGJV CWH GKPGO 5QEMGN CP FGO FGT RTGWKUEJG WPF FGT 4GKEJUUEJKNF NGJPGP OO I $TQEMOCPP ( W 5 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

318

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5760

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) *CWVUEJ CWH UGKPG -TÌPWPI \WO -ÌPKI KP 2TGWGP CO ,CPWCT )GJCT PKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUDCPF )GTOCPKC UVGJV PCEJ T WPF ÒDGTTGKEJV FGO TÌOKUEJ IGJCTPKUEJVGP -ÌPKI FGT CP GKPGO CFNGTIGUEJOÒEMVGP 5QEMGN NGJPV FKG -ÌPKIUMTQPG /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I $TQEMOCPP 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

1,5:1

5761

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH FKG 'TYGKVGTWPI WPF #WUUVCVVWPI FGU $GTNKPGT 5EJNQUUGU )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUDCPF &CU $GTNKPGT 5EJNQ CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG OO I $TQEMOCPP 9QJNHCJTV 44 +P CNVGT 5COVUEJCVWNNG 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T &CU $GTNKPGT 5EJNQ JCVVG GKPG YGEJUGNXQNNG )GUEJKEJVG WPVGT -WTHÒTUV (TKGFTKEJ ++ DGIQPPGP YWTFG GU PKGFGTIGTKUUGP WPF FWTEJ %CURCT 6JGKU PGW GTDCWV 7PVGT (TKGFTKEJ + YWTFG FCU 5EJNQ FWTEJ FGP #TEJKVGMVGP 5EJNÒVGT GTYGKVGTV WPF FWTEJ $ÌJOG XQNNGPFGV 0CEJ FGO <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI NKG FKG &&4 4GIKGTWPI FGP 6TCFKVKQPUDCW URTGPIGP FGT ÒDGT ,CJTJWPFGTVG FGP DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP WPF RTGWKUEJGP -ÌPKIGP CNU 4GUKFGP\ IGFKGPV JCVVG 5GKV FGT 9KGFGTXGTGKPKIWPI IKDV GU 2N·PG \WO 9KGFGTCWHDCW FGT $GTNKPGT 5EJNQCPNCIG KO <GPVTWO XQP $GTNKP

319

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5762

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' *CPPKDCN CWH FKG *QEJ\GKV UGKPGU 5QJPGU FGU -TQPRTKP\GP (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO UR·VGT -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO + FGT 5QNFCVGPMÌPKI OKV 5QRJKG &QTQVJGC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU -WTHÒTUVGP )GQTI + .WFYKI XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI %CNGPDGTI *CPPQXGT $TWUVDKNF 5QRJKG &QTQVJGCU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF OKV 2GTNGPUEJOWEM KO *CCT 4GIGPDQIGP ÒDGT /GGT CP FGUUGP *QTK\QPV FKG UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG CWHIGJV KO 8QTFGTITWPF CO 7HGT )TCUDÒUEJGN WPF )GJÌN\ OO I $TQEMOCPP WGTUV UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI FGU &WMG QH 0QTVJWODGTNCPF #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ 2CTMG $GTPGV %Q .QPFQP 0T 5QRJKG &QTQVJGC

*CPPQXGT YCT FKG 6QEJVGT FGU -WTHÒTUVGP )GQTI .WFYKI XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI %CNGPDGTI *CPPQXGT WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 5QRJKG &QTQVJGC #O ,WPK MCO (TKGFTKEJ + CNU $TCWVYGTDGT HÒT UGKPGP 5QJP (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO RGTUÌPNKEJ PCEJ *CPPQXGT #O ,WPK YWTFG FCPP FKG 8GTNQDWPI KP HGUVNKEJGT (QTO XGTMÒPFGV WPF IGHGKGTV #NU -ÌPKIKP HÒJNVG UKEJ FKG DTCWPUEJYGKIKUEJG 2TKP\GUUKP FKG DCTQEMGO 4GRT·UGPVCVKQPUDGFÒTHPKU WPF DCTQEMGT -WNVWT XGTRHNKEJVGV YCT CO $GTNKPGT *QHG KJTGU RWTKVCPKUEJGP )CVVGP PKG TKEJVKI YQJN 5QRJKG &QTQVJGC UVCTD KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP CO ,WPK KO 5EJNQ /QPDKLQW KP $GTNKP WPF YWTFG KO $GTNKPGT &QO DGKIGUGV\V

5763 5764

5764

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) *CWVUEJ CWH FKG 'TNCPIWPI FGU (ÒTUVGPVWOU 0GWGPDWTI WPF FKG )GDWTV UGKPGU 'PMGNU (TKGFTKEJ .WFYKI 5QJP FGU -TQPRTKP\GP (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO WPF FGUUGP )GOCJNKP 5QRJKG &QTQVJGC XQP *CPPQXGT 6QEJVGT )GQTIU + -ÌPKI XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG .CPFGUIÌVVKP OKV /CWGT MTQPG WPF FGO 0GWGPDWTIGT 5EJKNF UVGJV PCEJ N WPF TGKEJV FGO -ÌPKI <GRVGT WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI &KG -TQPRTKP\GUUKP OKV FGO PGWIGDQTGPGP 2TKP\GP CWH FGO #TO UVGJV PCEJ T WPF TGKEJV FGO -ÌPKI GKPGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I $TQEMOCPP 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ #O 'PFG FGU INGKEJGP /QPCVU KP FGO FCU (ÒTUVGPVWOU 0GWGPDWTI CP 2TGWGP HKGN 0QXGODGT HGKGTVG FGT -ÌPKI FKG )GDWTV FGU GTUVGP 'PMGNU FGT LGFQEJ UEJQP GKP JCNDGU ,CJT UR·VGT UVCTD 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGT 5EJYGUVGT 'NKUCDGVJ 5QRJKG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO + FGT 5QNFCVGPMÌPKI 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 2 9GTPGT CWH FKG #WHPCJOG FGT 5CN\DWTIGT 'OKITCPVGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF $QTWUUKC OKV 5EJKNF GORH·PIV GKPG 'OKITCPVGPHCOKNKG QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU &TGKGEM 5[ODQN FGT &TGKHCNVKI MGKV OO I $TQEMOCPP 4QNN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ &GT 'T\DKUEJQH XQP 5CN\DWTI .GQRQNF #PVQP 'NGWVJGTKWU )TCH (KTOKCP \YCPI EC UGKPGT RTQVGUVCPVKUEJGP 7PVGTVCPGP \WT 'OKITCVKQP 7PIGH·JT XQP KJPGP UKGFGNVGP UKEJ DGK .CWGPDWTI CP FGT 4GUV YWTFG KP 2TGWGP IGTP CWHIGPQOOGP

320

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5765

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG #WHPCJOG FGT 5CN\DWTIGT 'OKITCPVGP #WU GKPGT )GDKTIUIGIGPF CWU\KGJGPFG 2TQVGUVCPVGP FCTÒDGT GKP UEJYGDGPGT 'PIGN FGT KJPGP FGP 9GI YGKUV 'OKITCPVGP XQT GKPGT -KTEJG YGTFGP XQO 2CUVQT GORHCPIGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU &TGKGEM 5[ODQN FGT &TGKHCNVKIMGKV OO I /CTKGPD 4QNN 4 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5766

3WGTQXCNG UKNDGTPG 5VGEMOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG #WHPCJOG FGT 5CN\DWTIGT 'OKITCPVGP 'KPG XKGTMÌRHKIG 'OKITCPVGPHCOKNKG KO *KPVGTITWPF N )GR·EMMWVUEJG QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU &TGKGEM 5[ODQN FGT &TGKHCNVKIMGKV KP 9QNMGP FCTÒDGT 5RTWEJDCPF &GT -ÌPKI OKV -QOOCPFQUVCD KP FGT .KPMGP VJTQPV HCUV X X DGINGKVGV XQP \YGK 1HHK\KGTGP WPF DGITÒV FKG CPMQOOGPFGP 5CN\DWTIGT 'OKITCPVGP QDGP 5RTWEJDCPF Z OO 1JPG +PJCNV KP FGP &GEMGNKPPGPUGKVGP DGHKPFGP UKEJ MQNQTKGTVG .CPFMCTVGP XQP 5CN\DWTI WPF 2TGWGP $TQEMOCPP p 2TGNGT 4QNN 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJ 321

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5767

)TQGU <KPPOGFCKNNQP XQP 2 2 9GTPGT CWH FKG 6TWRRGPUEJCW KP $GTNKP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUDCPF #WH YGKVGO (GNF UVGJGP 6TWRRGP KP 2CTCFGCWHUVGNNWPI QDGP 241 &'1 UVTCJNGPFGU &TGKGEM '6 /+.+6' WPVGP CWH GKPGO $CPF $'41. Ù /&%%:::+++ Û T FCPGDGP 0 Ü OO $TQEMOCPP 44 (GNFGT CNVIGIN·VVGV HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGT 1TKIKPCNIW 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T $GK 2PKQYGT YKTF FKG 8GTOWVWPI IG·WGTV FC FKG 6TWRRGPUEJCW DGK FGO 'KP\WI FGU PGWXGTO·JNVGP 2CCTGU -TQPRTKP\ (TKGFTKEJ WPF 'NKUCDGVJ %JTKUVKPG \YKUEJGP $GTNKP WPF %JCTNQVVGPDWTI UVCVVIGHWPFGP JCV

322

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5768

5768 1,5:1

(TKGFTKEJ ++ FGT )TQG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) 9 -KVVGN CWH FKG $GUGV\WPI XQP $TGUNCW CO #WIWUV &GT (NWIQVV FGT 1FGT OKV 5VGWGTTWFGT WPF 3WGNNWTPG WPF FKG 0[ORJG FGT 1JNCW OKV 3WGNNWTPG UKV\GP PGDGPGKPCPFGT KP .CPFUEJCHV XQT GKPGO )GFGPMUVGKP FGT OKV GKPGO IGMTÌPVGP 5EJKNF OKV /QPQITCOO XGT\KGTV KUV WPF CWH FGO FCU &CVWO FGT $GUGV\WPI \W NGUGP KUV 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP $TGUNCW FCTÒDGT HNKGIV FGT IGMTÌPVG RTGWKUEJG #FNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN T QDGP JGDT·KUEJG $WEJUVCDGP KP 9QNMGP WPVGP FCU DGJGNOVG XKGTHGNFKIG 5VCFVYCRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF OO I ( W 5 1NF 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ &GT DGMCPPVGUVG RTGWKUEJG -ÌPKI YWTFG CO KP $GTNKP IGDQTGP 5GKPG ,WIGPF YCT IGRT·IV XQP FGO 7PVGTUEJKGF \YKUEJGP UGKPGT FGT DCTQEMGP -WNVWT XGTRHNKEJVGVGP /WVVGT 5QRJKC &QTQVJGC WPF FGO URCTVCPKUEJGP CWUUEJNKGNKEJ CO (WPMVKQPKGTGP XQP /KNKV·T WPF 8GTYCNVWPI KPVGTGUUKGTVGP 8CVGT FGO 5QNFCVGPMÌPKI &GT -QPHNKMV OKV FGO 8CVGT MWNOKPKGTVG CNU (TKGFTKEJ FKG *KPTKEJVWPI UGKPGU YGIGP 8GTTCVU \WO 6QFG XGTWTVGKNVGP (TGWPFGU -CVVG RGTUÌPNKEJ OKV CPUGJGP OWVG $GTGKVU KO ,CJT UGKPGU 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVVU DGICD UKEJ (TKGFTKEJ ++ PCEJ FGO 6QF -CTNU 8+ CWH FGT 5GKVG $C[GTPU KP FGP ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI WPF GPVTK ¤UVGTTGKEJ FGO RGTOCPGPVGP CWGPRQNKVKUEJGP )GIPGT (TKGFTKEJU ++ KP FGP DGKFGP UEJNGUKUEJGP -TKGIGP WPF HCUV ICP\ 5EJNGUKGP WPF FKG )TCHUEJCHV )NCV\ 5GKV DGOÒJVGP UKEJ FKG YGIGP MQNQPKCNGT +PVGTGUUGP MQPMWTTKGTGPFGP )TQO·EJVG 'PINCPF WPF (TCPMTGKEJ WO 8GTDÒPFGVG 9·JTGPF UKEJ 2TGWGP 'PINCPF CPUEJNQ XGTDÒPFGVG UKEJ ¤UVGTTGKEJ OKV (TCPMTGKEJ WPF 4WNCPF DTCEJ FGT 5KGDGPL·JTKIG -TKGI CWU FGP 2TGWGP VTQV\ FGT ITQGP 0KGFGTNCIG XQP -WPGTUFQTH QJPG ITQG 6GTTKVQTKCNXGTNWUVG ÒDGTUVCPF +O ,CJT MQPPVG (TKGFTKEJ ++ FWTEJ FKG XQP KJO KPKVKKGTVG GTUVG RQNPKUEJG 6GKNWPI 9GUVRTGWGP WPF FCU 'TONCPF FGO RTGWKUEJGP 5VCCV GKPXGTNGKDGP FGT PWP GTUVOCNU GKPG FWTEJIGJGPFG .CPFXGTDKPFWPI CWHYKGU (TKGFTKEJ ++ FGT UEJQP UGKV XQP FGP <GKVIGPQUUGP FGT )TQG IGPCPPV YWTFG GPVHCNVGVG UGKV GKPG TCUVNQUG 4GIKGTWPIUV·VKIMGKV DKU JKPGKP KP WPDGFGWVGPFG &GVCKNU WPF RT·IVG IGTCFG\W FGP 5VKN FGU CWHIGMN·TVGP #DUQNWVKUOWU 9·JTGPF GT FCU RTGWKUEJG 4GEJVUU[UVGO WPF FKG 9KTVUEJCHV KP UGKPGO .CPF TGHQTOKGTVG WPF HÌTFGTVG MQP\GPVTKGTVG GT UKEJ KO $GTGKEJ XQP -WNVWT WPF $KNFWPI HCUV CWUUEJNKGNKEJ CWH HTCP\ÌUKUEJG WPF ÒDGTJCWRV PKEJV CWH FGWVUEJG 8QTDKNFGT 'T DGUEJ·HVKIVG UKEJ RGTUÌPNKEJ IGTPG OKV /WUKM WPF 2JKNQUQRJKG YCT CDGT \WINGKEJ XQNN XQP 5MGRUKU <[PKUOWU WPF /GPUEJGPXGTCEJVWPI (TKGFTKEJ FGT )TQG FGT CO KP UGKPGO IGNKGDVGP 5EJNQ 5CPUUQWEK L·JTKI CP FGT 9CUUGTUWEJV UVCTD \·JNV \W FGP DGFGWVGPFUVGP WPF YKFGTURTÒEJNKEJUVGP 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKVGP FGT FGWVUEJGP )GUEJKEJVG

5769

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) 9 -KVVGN CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK %JQVWUKV\ CO /CK $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ CWH 2QUVCOGPV FCJKPVGT CWH LGFGT 5GKVG FTGK (CJPGP WPF 9CHHGP 5EJNCEJVU\GPG OO I ( W 5 1NF C 4 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T +O ,CJT OCTUEJKGTVGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJG 6TWRRGP WPVGT (ÒJTWPI FGU *GT\QIU -CTN XQP .QVJTKPIGP 4KEJVWPI 2TCI WO FKG UVTCVGIKUEJ WPF HÒT FGP 0CEJUEJWD YKEJVKIG DÌJOKUEJG *CWRVUVCFV CP\WITGKHGP FKG XQP GKPGT )CTPKUQP FGT OKV 2TGWGP XGTDÒPFGVGP $C[GTP IGJCNVGP YWTFG (TKGFTKEJ ++ UVGNNVG UKEJ OKV /CPP GKNKI FGT GVYC INGKEJ UVCTMGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP #TOGG KP FGP 9GI #O /QTIGP FGU /CK MCO GU DGK %JQVWUKV\ VUEJGEJ %JQVWUKEG KP $ÌJOGP \WT 5EJNCEJV FKG UEJQP IGIGP /KVVCI \WIWPUVGP 2TGWGPU GPVUEJKGFGP YCT 9·JTGPF (TKGFTKEJ /CPP XGTNQT \·JNVGP FKG ¤UVGTTGKEJGT 8GTNWUVG &KG $GFTQJWPI 2TCIU YCT FCOKV XQTGTUV DGUGKVKIV WPF FKG 8GTUQTIWPI FGT RTGWKUEJGP 8GTD·PFG YGKVGTJKP IGUKEJGTV &GT 'THQNI DGK %JQVWUKV\ DQV HÒT 2TGWGP GKPG IÒPUVKIG 8GTJCPFNWPIURQUKVKQP DGKO #DUEJNW FGU $TGUNCWGT 8QTHTKGFGPU CO ,WPK FGU ,CJTGU KP FGO /CTKC 6JGTGUKC KJTGO )GIPGT (TKGFTKEJ FKG )TCHUEJCHV )NCV\ 0KGFGT WPF GKPKIG 6GKNG 1DGTUEJNGUKGPU ÒDGTNKG

323

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5770

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH FKG #PMWPHV UGKPGT 5EJYGUVGT .WKUG 7NTKMG KO UEJYGFKUEJGP -CTNUMTQPC CO ,WNK $TWUVDKNF .WKUG 7NTKMGU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &GT RTGWKUEJG #FNGT OKV GKPGT 2GTNG KO 5EJPCDGN HNKGIV CWH FGP OKV FGP FTGK UEJYGFKUEJGP -TQPGP IGUEJOÒEMVGP 'TFDCNN \W OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 1NF 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &KG 8GTJCPFNWPIGP ÒDGT FKG *QEJ\GKV OKV FGT 5EJYGUVGT FGU RTGWKUEJGP -ÌPKIU (TKGFTKEJ ++ YWTFGP KP $GTNKP XQO UEJYGFKUEJGP $QVUEJCHVGT )TCH %CTN 4WFGPUEJÌNF IGNGKVGV FGT DGKO RTGWKUEJGP -ÌPKI DGNKGDV YCT 0CEJFGO FKG RTGWKUEJG 2TKP\GUUKP CO ,WPK XQO TGHQTOKGTVGP \WO NWVJGTKUEJGP )NCWDGP ÒDGTIGVTGVGP YCT MQPPVG FKG 8GTO·JNWPI FWTEJ 2TQMWTCVKQP F J KP 8GTVTGVWPI FGU CDYGUGPFGP $T·WVKICOU CO ,WNK KP $GTNKP UVCVVHKPFGP .WKUG 7NTKMG IKPI KP 5VTCNUWPF CP $QTF FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -TKGIUUEJKHHU 7NTKMC WPF YWTFG CO ,WNK XQP KJTGO )GOCJN FGO UEJYGFKUEJGP 6JTQPHQNIGT #FQNH (TKGFTKEJ KP -CTNUMTQPC GORHCPIGP #O #WIWUV HCPF FKG HGKGTNKEJG *QEJ\GKV CWH 5EJNQ &TQVVPKPIJQNO UVCVV .WKUG 7NTKMG

Ó YCT KJTGO )GOCJN IGKUVKI ÒDGTNGIGP WPF DGGKPHNWVG KJP UVCTM UVKHVGVG UKG FKG #MCFGOKG FGT UEJÌPGP .KVGTCVWT WPF )GUEJKEJVG KP 5VQEMJQNO 5KG XGTUWEJVG KJTGP )GOCJN XQO 4GKEJUTCV RQNKVKUEJ WPCDJ·PIKI \W OCEJGP WPF \QI UKEJ FCOKV FKG (GKPFUEJCHV FGT 5V·PFG \W &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPNGIGPFG NCWVGV %1'.1 &'/+66+684 #.61 5KG YKTF XQO JQJGP *KOOGN JGTCDIGUEJKEMV

5771

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , -KTM CWH FKG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI 2TCIU FWTEJ FGP (GNFOCTUEJCNN -CTN #NGZCPFGT XQP .QVJTKPIGP

Ó &GT (GNFOCTUEJCNN TGKVGV T KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 2TCI #PUKEJV FGT DGNCIGTVGP 5VCFV OO ( W 5 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 8QT\ÒINKEJ +O ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'TDHQNIG WPF FGO 5KGDGPL·JTKIGP -TKGI YWTFG 2TCI GKPKIG /CNG DGNCIGTV WPF GKPIGPQOOGP 8QO DKU DGUGV\VGP FKG RTGWKUEJGP 6TWRRGP FKG 5VCFV FCPCEJ IGNCPI -CTN XQP .QVJTKPIGP FGT 'PVUCV\ 'KP YGKVGTGT $GNCIGTWPIUXGTUWEJ FGT 2TGWGP KO ,CJTG OKNCPI

5772

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP . * $CTDKG\ CWH FKG $GUGV\WPI XQP &TGUFGP KO \YGKVGP UEJNGUKUEJGP -TKGI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &GT -ÌPKI KP TÌOKUEJGT +ORGTCVQTGP VTCEJV UVGJV PCEJ T WPF GTJ·NV XQP FGT XQT KJO MPKGPFGP 5VCFVIÌVVKP FKG 5VCFVUEJNÒUUGN KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP &TGUFGP OO I ( W 5 1NF 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT WPF -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T +P FGP 5COONWPIGP .ÌHHNGT WPF 5VTKGDQNN YCT XQP FKGUGT /GFCKNNG LGYGKNU PWT GKP #DIW XQTJCPFGP

324

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5773

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , % *GFNKPIGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV 1TFGPUUVGTP WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #FNGT HNKGIV JCNDT KO 5EJPCDGN WPF KO NKPMGP (CPI 2CNOMTCP\ WPVGP .CPFUEJCHV OKV $CUVKQP 1DGNKUM 4WPFMQNQPPCFGP WPF 4WPFVGORGN OO I 1NF 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N -TCV\GT OKP 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

5774

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK 2TCI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGT (GNFDKPFG 8KMVQTKC OKV 5EJKNF KP FGT .KPMGP UEJNGWFGTV $NKV\G CWH FKG XQT KJT PCEJ T MPKGPFG $QJGOKC XQT KJT NKGIGP 6TQRJ·GP WPF \YGK (·UUGT CWH FGO $QFGP OO ( W 5 1NF C -N $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ

5775

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , #DTCJCO CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK 4QDCEJ CO 0QXGODGT &GT -ÌPKI OKV 5EJYGTV KP FGT 4GEJVGP TGKVGV T KO *KPVGTITWPF 5EJNCEJVU\GPG &GT RTGWKUEJG #FNGT UEJNGWFGTV $NKV\G IGIGP FGP ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP &QRRGNCFNGT FGP ICNNKUEJGP *CJP WPF FKG FTGK 5RCV\GP FGT 4GKEJUCTOGG OO I ( W 5 *QHHOCPP 1NF -N 4CPFHGJNGT FGPPQEJ CVVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP -ÌNPGT /ÒP\MCDKPGVV 0QXGODGT 0T

325

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5776

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , #DTCJCO CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK .KGIPKV\ CO #WIWUV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUMTGW\ #WHIGUVGNNVG 6TQRJ·G CWH 5EJNCEJVHGNF CO $QFGP NKGIGP )GHCNNGPG OO I ( W 5 *QHHOCPP 1NF 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI DGTKGDGP XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP $CPMJCWU #WHJ·WUGT /ÒPEJGP 0T

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP 5KGDGPL·JTKIGP -TKGI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5777

5778

5779

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , . 1GZNGKP CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU GXCPIGNKUEJGP )[OPCUKWOU KP *CNNG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU /CIFGDWTIGT 'T\DKUEJQHU /CTMITCH 5KIKUOWPF XQP $TCPFGPDWTI N OKV *WV WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #PUKEJV FGU 7PKXGTUKV·VUIGD·WFGU CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU KP 9QNMGP OO I /CTKGPD 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # #DTCOUQP CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 6GUEJGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN /KPGTXC OKV FGO RTGWKUEJGP 5EJKNF UEJYGDV CWH 9QNMGP \WT 'TFG WPF UVÌV KJTG .CP\G KP FGP $QFGP CWU FGO GKP ¤N\YGKI URTKGV OO I ( W 5 XCT *QHHOCPP 1NF C 2CZ KP 0WOOKU XCT (GKPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , . 1GZNGKP CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 6GUEJGP (COC OKV 2QUCWPG UEJYGDV T ÒDGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 6GUEJGP (NQTC UVGJV PCEJ T KP ÒRRKIGT .CPFUEJCHV WPF UEJOÒEMV UKEJ OKV $NWOGPIGYKPFGP QDGP T UEJYGDV 2CZ N OKV (ÒNNJQTP WPF ¤N\YGKI OO I ( W 5 /CTKGPD 2CZ KP 0WOOKU *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

326

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5780

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , %JT 4GKEJ CWH FGP 6QF FGU )GPGTCNU *CPU ,QCEJKO XQP <KGVGP

Ó 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )GPGTCNU N #WHIGUVGNNVG 6TQRJ·G OO I /CTKGPD FQTV KP <KPP 1NF FQTV KP <KPP +P 5KNDGT UGJT UGNVGP (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T *CPU ,QCEJKO XQP <KGVGP YWTFG CO /CK KP 9WUVTCW DGK 0GWTWRRKP IGDQTGP WPF UVCTD CO ,CPWCT KP $GTNKP 'T YCT GKPGT FGT DGTÒJOVGUVGP 4GKVGTIGPGT·NG FGT RTGWKUEJGP )GUEJKEJVG WPF GKP GPIGT 8GTVTCWVGT -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJU FGU )TQGP

5781

5783

5782

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ) *QNV\JG[ CWH UGKPGP 6QF CO #WIWUV 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF N )GMTÌPVG TCWEJGPFG 7TPG CWH 2QUVCOGPV WOJGT 5[ODQNG FGU (TKGFGPU WPF FGU -TKGIGU QDGP HNKGIGP FGT #FNGT WPVGT UVTCJNGPFGO 5VGTPGPMTCP\ OO I 1NF C 2TCEJVGZGORNCT XQP HGKPUVGT 'TJCNVWPI OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & ( .QQU CWH UGKPGP 6QF CO #WIWUV $ÒUVG T OKV 5VTCJNGPMTQPG $QTWUUKC MPKGV PCEJ T XQT HNCOOGPFGO #NVCT FCTCWH FGT IGMTÌPVG RTGWKUEJG #FNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN QDGP 5VTCJNGP CWU 9QNMGP OO I 1NF 5QOOGT # *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( -ÌPKI CWH FGP #WHGPVJCNV FGU VÒTMKUEJGP )GUCPFVGP #UOK #EJOGV 'HHGPFK KP $TGUNCW CO KO 5VGORGN CWU IG·PFGTV ,CPWCT Y·JTGPF UGKPGT 4GKUG PCEJ $GTNKP $TWUVDKNF #EJOGVU N OKV 6WTDCP WPF 2GN\MCHVCP #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I /CTKGPD p XIN HH 5NI *GPEMGN p XIN HH (GKPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG -QPXGPVKQP XQP 2KNNPKV\ OKV *CDUDWTI WPF 5CEJUGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 327

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5785

5784

5786

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # #DTCOUQP CWH FKG 'TPGPPWPI XQP 9KEJCTF ,QCEJKO *GKPTKEJ XQP /ÌNNGP FQTH

.KPFGPDGTI Ó *CXGNDGTI \WO MÌPKINKEJ RTGWKUEJGP )GPGTCNFHGNFOCTUEJCNN 7PKHQT OKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV 5VGTP WPF $CPF XQO 5EJYCT\GP #FNGT 1TFGP )GHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU T OKV FGT .KPMGP FGP #FNGTUEJKNF JCNVGPF OKV FGT 4GEJVGP ÒDGTTGKEJV GT GKPGO XQT KJO UVGJGPFGP CPVKM IGMNGKFGVGP -TKGIGT GKPGP .QTDGGT\YGKI WPF GKPGP /CTUEJCNNUVCD OO I *QHHOCPP /CTKGPD 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & ( .QQU CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP $CUGN CO #RTKN 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF )GHNÒIGNVG -TKGIUIÌVVKP ÒDGTTGKEJV FGO XQT KJT UKV\GPFGP -TKGIU IQVV GKPGP ¤N\YGKI KO *KPVGTITWPF 2CNOG WPF 6TQRJ·GP OO I /CTKGPD XCT 2CZ KP 0WOOKU XCT 5QOOGT # (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( 9 .QQU CWH UGKPG *WNFKIWPI KP $GTNKP 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV 1TFGPUUVGTP &GT RTGWKUEJG #FNGT J·NV GKPGP 'KEJGPMTCP\ ÒDGT GKPGP 5VGKPDNQEM FGT OKV (CJPG 5EJYGTV $KDGN $KGPGPMQTD WPF <YGKIGP DGNGIV KUV OO I *ÒUMGP /CTKGPD 5QOOGT # 5EJÌPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5787

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( 9 .QQU CWH FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU 2TGWGP CO ,CPWCT &KG $TWUVDKNFGT FGT GTUVGP HÒPH RTGWKUEJGP -ÌPKIG PGDGPGKPCPFGT N FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGT 5VGTP &GT 5QPPGPIQVV KP 3WCFTKIC WOIGDGP XQP FGP *QTGP HQNIV #WTQTC WPF FGO /QTIGPUVGTP T WPVGP UKV\V FCU RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG IGTÒUVGVG 2TGWGP PCEJ N OKV (ÒNNJQTP WPF 9CRRGPUEJKNF OO I /CTKGPD 5QOOGT # 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5EJÌPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

328

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5788

5789

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , , 5VKGTNG CWH FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU 2TGWGP CO ,CPWCT $QTWUUKC UKV\V PCEJ N KP FGT 4GEJVGP .CP\G FGP NKPMGP #TO CWH FGP RTGWKUEJGP #FNGT UEJKNF IGNGIV N NCIGTV FGT (NWIQVV FGU 2TGIGN 1UVRTGWGP PCEJ T FGP #TO CWH 3WGNNWTPG IGNGIV -TQPG WOJGT 5EJNCPIGPTKPI 5[ODQN FGT 'YKIMGKV OO I /CTKGPD 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( 9 .QQU CWH FKG (TGWPFUEJCHV WPF FCU PGWG ,CJTJWPFGTV &GT IGHNÒIGNVG <GKVIQVV OKV 5GPUG KP FGT 4GEJVGP UEJYGDV T ÒDGT FGT 8KC #RRKC KP 4QO <YÌNH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP #DUEJPKVVUNKPKGP WOJGT 5VGTPGPMTCP\ OO I 5QOOGT $ (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5790

5791

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( 9 .QQU CWH FGP 6QF FGU 2JKNQUQRJGP +OOCPWGN -CPV

$ÒUVG FGU 2JKNQUQRJGP N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN CWH 5VGKPUQEMGN &GT IGHNÒIGNVG )GPKWU FGT 2JKNQUQRJKG OKV \YGK (CEMGNP KP FGP GTJQDGPGP *·PFGP UVGJV PCEJ N CWH GKPGO XQP 'WNGP IG\QIGPGO 5VTGKVYCIGP OO I .CXGTTGP\ 5QOOGT # (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T +OOCPWGN -CPV

#RTKN -ÌPKIUDGTI Ó (GDTWCT -ÌPKIUDGTI YCT GKP FGWVUEJGT 2JKNQUQRJ KO <GKVCNVGT FGT #WHMN·TWPI 'T \·JNV \W FGP DGFGWVGPFUVGP 2JKNQUQRJGP FGT CDGPFN·PFKUEJGP 2JKNQUQRJKG 5GKP 9GTM -TKVKM FGT TGKPGP 8GTPWPHV MGPP\GKEJPGV GKPGP 9GPFGRWPMV KP FGT 2JKNQUQRJKGIGUEJKEJVG WPF FGP $GIKPP FGT OQFGTPGP 2JKNQUQRJKG 5KGJG CWEJ 0T UQYKG FKG 'KPNGKVWPI FKGUGU -CVCNQIGU XQP 9QNHICPI 5VGIWYGKV 5

'KPUGKVKIG 'KUGPIWOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP . 2QUEJ CWH UGKPG )GOCJNKP .WKUG #WIWUVG 9KNJGNOKPG #OCNKG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU -CTN ++ XQP /GEMNGPDWTI 5VTGNKV\ $TWUVDKNF FGT -ÌPKIKP T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN /KV )TCXWT CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG -QGPKIKP X 2TGWUUGP 0 8+ OO 8QT\ÒINKEJGT )W

329

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5792

5793

5794

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # #DTCOUQP CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 6KNUKV \YKUEJGP 2TGWGP 4WNCPF WPF (TCPMTGKEJ $ÒUVGP #NGZCPFGTU + XQP 4WNCPF WPF (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNOU +++ PGDGPGKPCPFGT T KJPGP IGIGPÒDGT FKG $ÒUVG XQP 0CRQN¾QP + N &KG ÒDGT FGO /GGT CWHIGJGPFG 5QPPG XGTVTGKDV FKG 9QNMGP OO I &KCMQX *QHHOCPP /CTKGPD 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 5NI ,WNKWU 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & ( .QQU WPF # *QHHOCPP CWH FKG 4ÒEMMGJT FGU -ÌPKIURCCTGU PCEJ $GTNKP &KG $TWUVDKNFGT XQP (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ WPF UGKPGT GTUVGP )GOCJNKP .WKUG #WIWUVG 9KNJGNOKPG #OC NKG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU -CTN ++ XQP /GEMNGPDWTI 5VTGNKV\ PGDGPGKPCPFGT T $GTQNKPC OKV /CWGTMTQPG UVGJV PCEJ N WPF QRHGTV CP GKPGO HNCOOGPFGP #NVCT FGT OKV FGO RTGWKUEJGP #FNGT XGT\KGTV KUV JKPVGT KJT TWJV GKP .ÌYG WOJGT *'+. &'0 *'+/-'*4'0&'0 OO I /CTKGPD 5QOOGT # 4 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & ( .QQU # -ÌPKI WPF # *QHHOCPP CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGT GTUVGP )GOCJNKP .WKUG #WIWUVG 9KNJGNOKPG #OCNKG

6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU -CTN ++ XQP /GEMNGPDWTI 5VTGNKV\ $ÒUVG FGT -ÌPKIKP T QDGP -TQPG 'KP 5VGKPDNQEM OKV FGO RTGWKUEJGP 9CRRGP KP .CPFUEJCHV FCTÒDGT VKGHJ·PIGPFG 9QNMGP (NCOOG WPF FGT UVTCJNGPFG 0COG ,GJQXCU OO I /CTKGPD 5QOOGT # *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG $GHTGKWPI $GTNKPU XQP FGP (TCP\QUGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5795

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - .GUUGT CWH FGP 5KGI FGU (ÒTUVGP )GDJCTF .GDGTGEJV (ÒTUV $NÒEJGT XQP 9CJNUVCVV

Ó ÒDGT FKG (TCP\QUGP CP FGT PKGFGTUEJNGUKUEJGP -CV\DCEJ 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF $NÒEJGTU N &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 5KNGUKC UKV\V PCEJ N KP FGT CWUIGUVTGEMVGP 4GEJVGP 8KMVQTKC FGP NKPMGP #TO CWH FGP RTGWKUEJGP #FNGTUEJKNF IGNGIV OO I ( W 5 /CTKGPD p *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ )GDJCTF .GDGTGEJV (ÒTUV $NÒEJGT XQP 9CJNUVCVV

&G\GODGT 4QUVQEM Ó 5GRVGODGT -TKGDNQYKV\ 5EJNGUKGP GTJKGNV CNU 4KVVOGKUVGT XQP (TKGFTKEJ ++ KP WPIP·FKIUVGT (QTO FGP IGHQTFGTVGP #DUEJKGF WPF YWTFG GTUV YKGFGT \WTÒEMIGTWHGP 'T \GKEJPGVG UKEJ KP FGP 4GXQNWVKQPUMTKGIGP CNU 4GKVGTHÒJTGT CWU YWTFG GT 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT UEJNGUKUEJGP #TOGG FKG UKEJ CWU RTGWKUEJGP WPF TWUUKUEJGP -QTRU \WUCOOGPUGV\VG &KGUG #TOGG YCT FKG CP\CJNO·KI UEJY·EJUVG CDGT FCPM FGT 'PVUEJKGFGPJGKV KJTGT (ÒJTWPI TK UKG FKG +PKVKCVKXG CP UKEJ WPF UEJNWI FKG (TCP\QUGP CP FGT -CV\DCEJ GT\YCPI DGK 9CTVGPDWTI FGP 'NDÒDGTICPI WPF VTWI DGK .GKR\KI GPVUEJGKFGPF \WO 5KGI DGK &KG 4WUUGP ICDGP $NÒEJGT FCTCWHJKP FGP 0COGP /CTUEJCNN XQTY·TVU

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP (ÒTUVGP $NÒEJGT XQP 9CJNUVCVV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 330

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5796 1:1,3

'KUGPIWOGFCKNNG XQP ) * *GPUEJGN CWH FKG $GHTGKWPIUMTKGIG -ÌPKI UVGJV X X \YKUEJGP \YGK 5QNFCVGPITWRRGP KO *KPVGTITWPF IGMTÌPVGT 8QTJCPI FWTEJ FGP OCP TGKVGPFG 6TWRRGP UKGJV (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO /CTKGPD p 5GJT UEJÌPGT )W

5797

5KNDGTPG 5VGEMOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 'KP\WI FGT UKGITGKEJGP 6TWRRGP KP 2CTKU #NGZCPFGT + XQP 4WNCPF (TCP\ + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ TGKVGP GKPGO 6TKWORJDQIGP GPVIGIGP QDGP 8KMVQTKC KP 9QNMGP 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPVGP HNCOOGPFGT #NVCT QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 5VGTP WOJGT .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI OO +PJCNV NQUG MQNQTKGTVG 'KPNCIGP OKV FGP &CTUVGNNWPIGP XGTUEJKGFGPGT 5EJNCEJVGP D\Y FGTGP $GUEJTGKDWPIGP &KCMQX p 2TGNGT 5NI ,WNKWU 44 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJ GTJCNVGPGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

5798

5KNDGTPG 5VGEMOGFCKNNG XQP . *GWDGTIGT CWH FKG 5KGIG FGT #NNKKGTVGP ÒDGT 0CRQN¾QP WPF FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGU 9KGPGT -QPITGUUGU 2CZ OKV 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT .KPMGP WPF 5VGTPGPMTCP\ KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP UEJYGDV KP 9QNMGP ÒDGT 'TFJCNDMWIGN 8KGT KPGKPCPFGT XGTUEJNWPIGPG -T·P\G FKG LGYGKNU \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV GPVJCNVGP OO +PJCNV \WO 6GKN OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPG MQNQTKGTVG 'KPNCIGP OKV FGP 2QTVT·VU FGT 8GTDÒPFGVGP WPF FGTGP $GPGPPWPIGP #NNG 'KPNCIGP JCDGP ITÒPHCTDKIG $WEJUVCDGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FKG \WUCOOGP IGNGUGP FCU 9QTV ( ª 4 5V ' 0 8 ' 4 ' , 0 GTIGDGP +P FGP &GEMGNKPPGPUGKVGP DGHKPFGP UKEJ GKPIGMNGDVG $N·VVGT OKV LG XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 2TGNGT 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 44 -QORNGVVGU RTCEJVXQNN GTJCNVGPGU 'ZGORNCT XQP XQT\ÒINKEJGT 'TJCNVWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

331

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5799

5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP Q , )CNXCPQ XQP $ 2KUVTWEEK CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK 9CVGTNQQ CO ,WPK WPF FGP GPFIÒNVKIGP 5KGI FGT CNNKKGTVGP 6TWRRGP ÒDGT 0CRQN¾QP &KG DGNQTDGGTVGP $ÒUVGP XQP )GQTIG +++ XQP 'PINCPF (TCP\ + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ #NGZCPFGT + XQP 4WNCPF WPF (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +++ PGDGP GKPCPFGT N OKV WOIGNGIVGP /·PVGNP WOJGT &CTUVGNNWPIGP CWU FGT CPVKMGP /[VJQNQIKG *GNKQU +TKU WPF <GRJ[TQU *GTCMNGU 'TKPP[GP .WPC FKG 2CT\GP 6JGOKU WPF &KQUMWTGP &KG (GNFJGTTGP $NÒEJGT WPF 9GNNKPIVQP KP )GUVCNV CPVKMGT -TKGIGT TGKVGP N WPF DGUEJÒV\GP 8KMVQTKC QDGP )ÌVVGTXCVGT <GWU KP 3WCFTKIC WOJGT -CORH FGT 6KVCPGP WPF )KICPVGP OO I (QTTGT +8 5 p 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV +P FWPMNGO .GFGTGVWK FGT (KTOC &TGKEGT %Q (KHVJ #XGPWG 0GY ;QTM 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP 7$5 $CUGN 0T

332

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5799

&CU 9CVGTNQQ /GFCKNNQP KUV \YGKHGNNQU FCU /GKUVGTUVÒEM FGU CWGTIGYÌJPNKEJ DGICDVGP KVCNKGPKUEJGP /GFCKNNGWTU WPF )GOOGPUEJPGKFGTU $GPGFGVVQ 2KUVTWEEK FGT CNU 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT CP FGT MÌPKINKEJGP /ÒP\G KP .QPFQP CTDGKVGVG &KG #TDGKV CP FGP 5VGORGNP FKGUGU UEJQP KP UGKPGT )TÌG CDGT CWEJ KP FGT (ÒNNG FGT FCTIGUVGNNVGP (KIWTGP GKP\KICTVKIGP 5VÒEMGU \QI UKEJ ÒDGT OGJT CNU ,CJTG JKP 2KUVTWEEK DGICPP FCOKV KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP WPF NKGHGTVG FKG /CVTK\GP GTUV CP UGKPGP #WHVTCIIGDGT FKG 4Q[CN /KPV CD &GT #WHVTCI YCT FGO KVCNKGPKUEJGP -ÒPUVNGT GTVGKNV YQTFGP WO KJO FGP 0CEJ\WI UGKPGT (COKNKG XQP 4QO PCEJ .QPFQP \W GTOÌINKEJGP 2KUVTWEEK GTJKGNV HÒT FKGUG #TDGKV 2HWPF YQXQP KJO 2HWPF CNU 8QTUEJW IGY·JTV YWTFGP &KG 4Q[CN /KPV JCVVG WTURTÒPINKEJ IGRNCPV FGP XKGT FCTIGUVGNNVGP #NNKKGTVGP LGYGKNU GKP 'ZGORNCT KP )QNF WPF FGP ÒDTKIGP CO 5KGI DGK 9CVGTNQQ DGVGKNKIVGP (ÒTUVGP LG GKP 'ZGORNCT KP 5KNDGT \W ÒDGTTGKEJGP ,GFQEJ XGT\KEJVGVG OCP CWH FKG VGWTG *GTUVGNNWPI XQP 5VGORGNP WPF DGIPÒIVG UKEJ OKV FGT #PHGTVKIWPI GKPGT IGTKPIGP #P\CJN XQP ICNXCPQRNCUVKUEJGP #DFTÒEMGP 9KT HTGWGP WPU +JPGP KO 4CJOGP FGT 5COONWPI $CWOU FKG XKGNNGKEJV DGTÒJOVGUVG /GFCKNNG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU CPDKGVGP \W MÌPPGP

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP FGT PCRQNGQPKUEJGP -TKGIG OKV $G\WI \W 2TGWGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

333

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5800

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - ( 5EJKPMGN WPF # ( -ÌPKI CWH FGP RTGWKUEJGP )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN )GDJCTF .GDGTGEJV (ÒTUV $NÒEJGT XQP 9CJNUVCVV

Ó IGYKFOGV XQP FGP $ÒTIGTP FGT 5VCFV $GTNKP $TWUVDKNF $NÒEJGTU N OKV WOIGJ·PIVGO (GNN FCTWPVGT FCU $GTNKPGT 5VCFVYCRRGP &GT 'T\GPIGN /KEJCGN IKDV FGO CO $QFGP NKGIGPFGP 6GWHGN FGP 6QFGUUVQ OO I $QN\GPVJCN /CTKGPD p 0WT YGPKIG 5VÒEMG IGRT·IV 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV +P 'VWK #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FGP 5KGI FGU (ÒTUVGP $NÒEJGT XQP 9CJNUVCVV CP FGT -CV\DCEJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5801

5802

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % 8QKIV WPF %JT 2HGWHHGT CWH FGP 'KP\WI XQP 'NKUCDGVJ .WFQXKMC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU -ÌPKIU /CZKOKNKCP + XQP $C[GTP WPF \WMÒPHVKIG )GOCJNKP UGKPGU ·NVGUVGP 5QJPGU -TQPRTKP\ (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO UR·VGT (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +8 KP $GTNKP CO 0QXGODGT -QRH FGT -TQPRTKP\GUUKP T &CTUVGNNWPI GKPGT 'JTGPRHQTVG OO I /CTKGPD 5QOOGT 2 9KVV *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'NKUCDGVJ .WFQXKEC YWTFG CO 0QXGODGT OKV FGO RTGWKUEJGP -TQPRTKP\GP (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO UR·VGT -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +8 XGTO·JNV &KG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FKGUGT /GFCKNNG FCTIGUVGNNVG 'JTGPRHQTVG YCT XQT FGT 5EJNQDTÒEMG HÒT FGP 'ORHCPI FGT $TCWV GTTKEJVGV YQTFGP

(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO +8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP $ 9[QP CWH UGKPGP $GUWEJ KP 'PINCPF CO ,CPWCT $ÒUVG T &GT IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGPUEJKNF XQP 2TGWGP \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG IGMTÌPVGP 9CRRGP UEJKNFG XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP D\Y XQP 5CEJUGP %QDWTI )QVJC FCJKPVGT -TQPG OKV FTGK (GFGTP WPF 5RTWEJDCPF OO I 'KOGT /CTKGPD FQTV KP $TQP\G 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

334

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5803

9KNJGNO + $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP . 9KGPGT CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGT 'KUGPDCJPDTÒEMG ÒDGT FGP 4JGKP DGK &ÒUUGNFQTH &KG -ÌRHG XQP 9KNJGNO + WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP #WIWUVC /CTKG .WKUG -CVJCTKPC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU )TQJGT\QIU %CTN (TKGFTKEJ XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT 'KUGPCEJ PGDGPGKPCPFGT T #PUKEJV FGT -ÌPKI 9KNJGNO 'KUGPDCJPDTÒEMG KO 8QTFGTITWPF FGT PCEJ T NCIGTPFG (NWIQVV FGU 4JGKPU FGP TGEJVGP #TO CWH 3WGNNWTPG IGNGJPV OKV FGT .KPMGP J·NV GT FKG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG XQP 'NDGTHGNF WPF #CEJGP OO &ÌT[ -WDKPU\M[ /CTKGPD p 4GKPGEMG FQTV KP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV 5EJWNVGP 5NI *GPEMGN 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ &KG 4JGKPDTÒEMG YWTFG XQP DKU KP &ÒUUGNFQTH KO <WIG FGT $GTIKUEJ /·TMKUEJGP $CJP 5KV\ 'NDGTHGNF HÒT FKG 5VTGEMG 'NDGTHGNF #CEJGP IGDCWV 5KG YWTFG FCOKV TGEJV\GKVKI HÒT FKG 6TWRRGPVTCPURQTVG KO FGWVUEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGI HGTVKI &CTCWU TGUWNVKGTV FCU DGUQPFGTG 5EJKEMUCN FKGUGT /GFCKNNG &KG 'KPYGKJWPIUHGKGT FGT $TÒEMG \W FGT FKG /GFCKNNG TGEJV\GKVKI HGTVKIIGUVGNNV YCT HKGN P·ONKEJ YGIGP FGU -TKGIUCWUDTWEJGU CWU YWTFGP FKG /GFCKNNGP \WH·NNKI CWH FGO 5RGKEJGT FGU 8GTYCNVWPIUIGD·WFGU FGT $GTIKUEJ /·TMKUEJGP $CJP YKGFGTIGHWPFGP WPF CPUEJNKGGPF XGTVGKNV 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 'KUGPDCJP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5804

<KPP 5VGEMOGFCKNNG XQP ( -ÌPKI \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FKG INQTTGKEJGP 5KGIG FGU ,CJTGU $ÒUVG T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ )GMTÌPVG )GTOCPKC VJTQPV X X OKV <GRVGT WPF 5EJKNF WOJGT 'KEJGPMTCP\ OKV \GJP 5EJKNFGP OKV FGP 0COGP FGT FGWVUEJGP 5VCCVGP OO +PJCNV NQUG MQNQTKGTVG $KNFGT OKV 5EJNCEJVU\GPGP WPF $GUEJTGKDWPIGP FGT 5EJNCEJVGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FKG &GEMGNKPPGPUGKVGP UKPF OKV UEJYCT\GO .GFGT CWUIGMNGKFGV 2TGNGT 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

335

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5805

5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP XQP ( 9 -WNNTKEJ PCEJ FGP 'PVYÒTHGP XQP # 9QNHH WPF 4 5KGOGTKPI CWH UGKPGP 'KP\WI OKV FGO UKGITGKEJGP *GGT KP $GTNKP 7PKHQTOKGTVG $ÒUVG T )GMTÌPVG )GTOCPKC OKV <GRVGT KP FGT 4GEJVGP VJTQPV X X \W FGP 5GKVGP #NUCVKC WPF .QVJCTKPIKC WOJGT DTGKVGU 4GNKGHDCPF OKV 5\GPGP FGU #WU\WIGU WPF FGU 'KP\WIGU FGT 5QNFCVGP OO I /CTKGPD 5QOOGT - 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

5806

5807

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , .QTGP\ CWH FKG YKGFGTGTTWPIGPG 'KPJGKV FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV -CKUGTMTQPG WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GHNÒIGNVG )GTOCPKC UKV\V X X KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP -TCP\ FKG .KPMG CWH 5EJYGTV IGUVÒV\V N PGDGP KJT #FNGTUEJKNF QDGP UVTCJNGPGT 5VGTP OO I )CGF /CTKGPD FQTV KP $TQP\G 8QT\ÒINKEJ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 8QTFGTUGKVG XGTOWVNKEJ XQP # /GTVGPU WPF XQP ' 9GKICPF CWH FKG 'PVJÒNNWPI FGT 5KGIGUU·WNG KP $GTNKP -QRH N #PUKEJV FGT 5KGIGUU·WNG OO I /CTKGPD 5QO OGT 9 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

336

5807

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5808

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 9GTMUVCVV /C[GT WPF 9KNJGNO CWH FKG 4GKEJUVCIUTGFG FGU RTGWKUEJGP /KPKUVGTRT·UKFGPVGP 1VVQ (ÒTUV XQP $KUOCTEM

Ó CO (GDTWCT $ÒUVG XQP $KUOCTEMU T <KVCV $KUOCTEMU KP UKGDGP <GKNGP FCTWPVGT &CVWOUCPICDG OO $GPPGTV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

1,5:1

5809

(TKGFTKEJ +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP 1 5EJWNV\ PCEJ GKPGO 'PVYWTH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG XQP 9 7JNOCPP +ORGTCVTKZ 4GIKPC /GFCKNNG KJTGT /CLGUV·V -CKUGTKP (TKGFTKEJ (QTO $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 8KEVQTKC #FGNCKFG /CT[ .QWKUC

Ó N OKV &KCFGO )GMTÌPVGU #NNKCP\ YCRRGP 'PINCPF &GWVUEJNCPF IGUEJOÒEMV OKV .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKIGP WOJGT FKG -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO 5EJYCT\GP #FNGT OO I *ÒUMGP 5VGIWYGKV KP $GKVT·IG \WT DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJ RTGWKUEJGP 0WOKUOCVKM 0* 0T 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KGUG /GFCKNNG HÒT FKG FKG -CKUGTKP (TKGFTKEJ RGTUÌPNKEJ FGP #WHVTCI GTVGKNV JCVVG YWTFG PWT KP UGJT YGPKIGP 'ZGORNCTGP XGTOWVNKEJ FGP $GNGIGZGORNCTGP FGT -ÒPUVNGT JGTIGUVGNNV &KG -CKUGTKP YWTFG PCEJ FGO 6QF KJTGU )GOCJNU KUQNKGTV WPF FKG XQTIGUGJGPG 2T·IWPI FGT /GFCKNNG MCO PKEJV OGJT \WT #WUHÒJTWPI &CU 5VÒEM \·JNV \W FGP ITQGP 4CTKV·VGP WPVGT FGP /GFCKNNGP FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJU 8KEVQTKC #FGNJGKF /CTKC .WKUG IGDQTGP CO KP .QPFQP YCT FKG ·NVGUVG 6QEJVGT FGT GPINKUEJGP -Ì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ÒDGT\QI KJTGP 5QJP -CKUGT 9KNJGNO ++ OKV JGHVKIGT -TKVKM &KG -CKUGTKP (TKGFTKEJ UVCTD CO PWT GKP JCNDGU ,CJT PCEJ KJTGT /WVVGT KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP KP -TQPDGTI CO 6CWPWU

337

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5810

9KNJGNO ++ 8GTIQNFGVG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # %CRRWEEKQ CWH UGKPG <WUCOOGPMWPHV OKV 7ODGTVQ + XQP +VCNKGP KP 4QO \WT (GUVKIWPI FGT DTÒFGTNKEJGP 'KPVTCEJV FGT 0CVKQPGP )GHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU UVGJV X X WPF J·NV FKG 2QTVT·VOGFCKNNQPU FGT DGKFGP *GTTUEJGT FCTWPVGT NKGIGP FGTGP -TQPGP &GT RTGWKUEJG #FNGT DGUEJKTOV FGP KVCNKGPKUEJGP DGKFG UKV\GP CWH GKPGT 5EJTKHVVCHGN FCTKP UKGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT NCIGTV FGT (NWIQVV 6KDGT PCEJ N FGP NKPMGP #TO CWH 3WGNNWTPG IGNGJPV KO TGEJVGP #TO 5VGWTGTTWFGT OO I /CTKGPD FQTV KP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF OKV KTTVÒONKEJGT ,CJTGUCPICDG /&%%%.::8+++ 44 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5811

$NGKOGFCKNNG XQP # %CRRWEEKQ CWH UGKPG <WUCOOGPMWPHV OKV 7ODGTVQ + XQP +VCNKGP KP 4QO \WT (GUVKIWPI FGT DTÒFGTNKEJGP 'KPVTCEJV FGT 0CVKQPGP )GHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU UVGJV X X WPF J·NV FKG 2QTVT·V OGFCKNNQPU FGT DGKFGP *GTTUEJGT FCTWPVGT NKGIGP FGTGP -TQPGP &GT RTGWKUEJG #FNGT DGUEJKTOV FGP KVCNKGPKUEJGP DGKFG UKV\GP CWH GKPGT 5EJTKHVVCHGN FCTKP UKGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT NCIGTV FGT (NWIQVV 6KDGT PCEJ N FGP NKPMGP #TO CWH 3WGNNWTPG IGNGJPV KO TGEJVGP #TO 5VGWTGTTWFGT OO /CTKGPD FQTV KP $TQP\G XGTIQNFGV WPF OKV KTTVÒONKEJGT ,CJTGUCPICDG /&%%%.::8+++ 4 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5812

338

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH UGKPG #WUUÌJPWPI OKV (ÒTUV 1VVQ XQP $KUOCTEM CO ,CPWCT 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV *GNO 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP $KUOCTEMU T /KV 4CPF ITCXWT '+0 )'& %*60+556*#.'4 FC\YKUEJGP 5VGTPEJGP WPF #TCDGUMGP OO I $GPPGTV /CTKGPD p (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5813

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV /C[GT 5VWVVICTV OQFGNNKGTV XQP * &ÒTTKEJ CWH FKG 'KPYGKJWPI FGU 4GKEJUVCIUIGD·WFGU KP $GTNKP CO &G\GODGT 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #PUKEJV FGU 4GKEJUVCIUIGD·WFGU OO I /CTKGPD p \W /ÒNNGT /CVVKGTVGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5814

5816

5815

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGU 0QTF 1UVUGGMCPCNU 'KP WPVGT 5GIGNP CWU FGT 5EJNGWUG HCJTGPFGU 5EJKHH UGKP )TQOCUV FWTEJDTKEJV FGP .KPKGPMTGKU WPF FKG 7OUEJTKHV #PUKEJV FGU -CPCNU OKV FGT *QEJDTÒEMG \W )TÒPVJCN QDGP 5EJKNFG OKV FGP 9CRRGP FGT CP FGT 'TÌHHPWPIUHGKGT DGVGKNKIVGP 5VCCVGP /KV 4CPFITCXWT '+0' )'&'0-/ª0<' FC\YKUEJGP 8GT\KGTWPIGP OO I .CPIG /CTKGPD p 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU EJKPGUKUEJGP -CKUGTU HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU &KG $TWUVDKNFGT 9KNJGNOU ++ (TKGFTKEJU +++ WPF 9KNJGNOU + PGDGPGKPCPFGT T ÒDGT 2CNO WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 5VGTP /GFCKNNQP OKV FGO FGWVUEJGP 4GKEJUCFNGT KP 5VTCJNGP WOJGT 'KEJGPNCWD WPVGP XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I /CTKGPD FQTV KP $TQP\G +P 5KNDGT UGJT UGNVGP *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU &KG $ÒUVGP 9KNJGNOU ++ (TKGFTKEJU +++ WPF 9KNJGNOU + PGDGPGKPCPFGT N 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV \W FGP 5GKVGP .QTDGGT WPF 'KEJGP\YGKI QDGP -CKUGTMTQPG OO I /CTKGPD *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

339

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5817

5818

5817

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / XQP -CYCE\[PUMK CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI WPF FKG 8QNNL·JTKIMGKV UGKPGU 5QJPGU -TQPRTKP\ (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO

Ó 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU -TQPRTKP\GP HCUV X X 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP 'KEJGPMTCP\ WOJGT &'/ .+'$.+0)' 70& 561.< &'5 &'765%*'0 81.-'5 OO I /CTKGPD (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPUGKVKIG $TQP\G /KPKCVWTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV #WUYWTHOGFCKNNG \WT )TWPFUVGKPNGIWPI FGU TGMQPUVTWKGTVGP 4ÌOGTMCUVGNNU 5CCNDWTI CO 1MVQDGT $ÒUVG N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO /CTKGPD p 8QT\ÒINKEJ &CU XQTNKGIGPFG 5VÒEM YWTFG DGK FGT HGKGTNKEJGP )TWPFUVGKPNGIWPI \WT 4GMQPUVTWMVKQP FGU 4ÌOGTMCUVGNNU 5CCNDWTI CWH FGO 6CWPWUMCOO PÌTFNKEJ XQP (TCPMHWTV /CKP CWUIGYQTHGP -CKUGT 9KNJGNO ++ \QI CNU TÌOKUEJGT 6TKWORJCVQT GKP OKV URCTUKQ /ÒP\CWUYWTH HÒT FCU LWDGNPFG TÌOKUEJ XGTMNGKFGVG 2WDNKMWO FCU CWH NCVGKPKUEJ \W JWNFKIGP JCVVG

5819

5820

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FGP $GUWEJ UGKPGU $TWFGTU 2TKP\ #NDGTV 9KNJGNO *GKPTKEJ

Ó KP #OGTKMC &KG WPKHQTOKGTVGP $TWUVDKNFGT FGU COGTKMCPKUEJGP 2T·UKFGPVGP 6JGQFQTG 4QQUGXGNV

Ó WPF FGU 2TKP\GP PGDGPGKPCPFGT N &GT .NQ[FFCORHGT -TQPRTKP\ 9KNJGNO CWH JQJGT 5GG /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I /CTKGPD FQTV QJPG 5KIPCVWTCPICDG (GKPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP $GUWEJ UGKPGU $TWFGTU 2TKP\ #NDGTV 9KNJGNO *GKPTKEJ

Ó KP #OGTKMC WPF FKG 6CWHG FGT -CKUGT[CEJV /GVGQT +++ FWTEJ FKG 6QEJVGT FGU COGTKMC PKUEJGP 2T·UKFGPVGP /KUU #NKEG 4QQUGXGNV 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF 2TKP\ *GKPTKEJU N OKV *WV &GT COGTKMCPKUEJG #FNGT ÒDGT XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I /CTKGPD (GKPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5821 1:1,5

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNQP XQP 6TQKNNQP CWH FCU L·JTKIG ,WDKN·WO FGT 7PKXGTUKV·V $GTNKP &GT WPKHQTOKGTVG -CKUGT TGKVGV T OKV *GNO WPF -QOOCPFQUVCD (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO /CTKGPD 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

340

BRANDENBURG-PREUSSEN

5822

5823

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT $GHTGKWPIUMTKGIG &KG WPKHQTOKGTVGP $TWUVDKNFGT 9KNJGNOU ++ WPF (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNOU +++ PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 8KGT PCEJ N OCTUEJKGTGPFG 5QNFCVGP OO I /CTKGPD p 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU <CTGP 0KMQNCWU ++ KP $GTNKP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GIKGTWPI FGU *CWUGU *QJGP\QNNGTP 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF N $TWUVDKNF XQP -WTHÒTUV (TKGFTKEJ + TGI JCNDN OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I /CTKGPD p 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 5VGORGNINCP\

1,5:1

5824

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 'TKPPGTWPIUOGFCKNNG CP UGKPGP $GUWEJ KP -QPUVCPVKPQRGN +UVCPDWN &GT IGMTÌPVG 4GKEJUCFNGT OKV 9CRRGPUEJKNF CWH FGT $TWUV WPF WOIGNGIVGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO 5EJYCT\GP #FNGT WOJGT FQRRGNVGT 5EJTKHVMTGKU 0COGPU\WI FGU 5WNVCPU WOJGT VÒTMKUEJG 5EJTKHV OO I #WMVKQP 4 $CNN $GTNKP ,CPWCT 0T *ÒUMGP 2GTG 6ÒTMGK 44 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP #TU KP 0WOOKU 9KGP 0T &KG VÒTMKUEJG 4GIKGTWPI NKG \WO #PFGPMGP CP FGP $GUWEJ &GPMOÒP\GP HÒT 2GTUÌPNKEJMGKVGP FGU )GHQNIGU WPF FGU *QHUVCCVGU FGT /QPCTEJGP RT·IGP &CXQP YWTFGP 5VÒEM KP )QNF 5VÒEM KP 5KNDGT WPF 5VÒEM KP $TQP\G IGRT·IV

341

BRAUNSCHWEIG UND LÜNEBURG

5825

1,5:1

$4#705%*9'+) 70& .ª0'$74) &#5 (ª456'067/ $4#705%*9'+) 91.('0$ª66'.

(TKGFTKEJ 7NTKEJ 5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT /CNGT 9GNHGPTQ URTKPIV T N .CWDDCWO T 2CNO\YGKI KO *KPVGTITWPF 5EJKHH CWH 5GG WPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV QDGP UEJÒVVGP \YGK CWU FGO *KOOGN MQOOGPFG *·PFG /ÒP\GP CWH FCU 4Q /·PPNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV 5VCD DCNCPEKGTV X X CWH GKPGO 5GKN FCU CP \YGK 2CNOD·WOGP DGHGUVKIV KUV FCTWPVGT FTGK 5VCFVCPUKEJVGP OO I $TQEMOCPP %QNN (KGYGIGT p 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #NVXGTIQNFGV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ FGP #POGTMWPIGP DGK (KCNC WPF &GGMG UQNNVG FKGUG UCVKTKUEJG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 8GTUEJYGPFWPIUUWEJV WPF FKG )GNFXGTNGIGPJGKVGP FGU *GT\QIU JKPYGKUGP &GT 5EJÌRHGT FKGUGT /GFCKNNG %JTKUVKCP /CNGT JCV OKV FGO 5GKNV·P\GT FKG HKPCP\KGNNGP 2TQDNGOG FGU *GT\QIU PQEJ TGEJV RQUKVKX FCTIGUVGNNV &GT *GT\QI DCNCPEKGTV U[ODQNKUEJ CWH GKPGO *QEJUGKN \YKUEJGP FGP 'KPPCJOGP WPF #WUICDGP UGKPGT 5VCCVUMCUUG #WH FGO #XGTU UEJÒVVGP \YGK *·PFG /ÒP\GP ÒDGT UGKPGO .CPF CWU FCTIGUVGNNV OKV FGO 9GNHGPTQ &COKV KUV YQJN FKG 8GTUEJYGPFWPIUUWEJV IGOGKPV #PUEJCWNKEJG VTGHHGPFG $KNFGT DKU KP FKG )GIGPYCTV &KG 7OUEJTKHVGP XGTFGWVNKEJGP CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG %#86' 8QTUKEJV WPF CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG #.#%4+6#6+5 %#.%#4 .+$'4#.+6#5 &KG 6TKGDHGFGT FGT (TÌJNKEJMGKV KUV FKG (TGKIKGDKIMGKV

5826

#WIWUV FGT ,ÒPIGTG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP / /ÌNNGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV -·RREJGP WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN -TCPKEJ UVGJV PCEJ N CWH GKPGO $GKP KP .CPFUEJCHV FGP -QRH \WTÒEMIGYCPFV KP FGT -TCNNG FGU GTJQDGPGP CPFGTGP $GKPU J·NV GT GKPGP 5VGKP KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 9QNHGPDÒVVGN OO I $TQEMOCPP 44 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &CU $KNF FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FKGUGT /GFCKNNG GPVURTKEJV FGO 9CJNURTWEJ FGU *GT\QIU FGT CWEJ ÒDGT FGT #DDKNFWPI \W NGUGP KUV 248&'06'4 '6 8+)+.#06'4 MNWI WPF YCEJUCO &GT -TCPKEJ IKNV CNU 5KPPDKNF FGT (ÒTUQTIG HÒT #PXGTVTCWVG WPF 7PVGTIGDGPG 0CEJ 2NKPKWU UQNN GT DGK FGT 9CEJG GKPGP 5VGKP OKV GKPGO (W JQEJJCNVGP FGUUGP *GTWPVGTHCNNGP KJP CP FCU 0CEJNCUUGP FGT 9CEJUCOMGKV IGOCJPGP UQNN

342

BRAUNSCHWEIG UND LÜNEBURG

5827

#WIWUV 9KNJGNO 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV YCJTUEJGKPNKEJ XQP 4 /CTGPJQN\ XGTOWVNKEJ CWH UGKPG 8GTNQDWPI OKV 'NKUCDGVJ 5QRJKG /CTKG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU 4WFQNH (TKGFTKEJ XQP 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKP 0QTDWTI KO ,CJT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT 8GTNQDVGP T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I $TQEMOCPP .CPIG 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI FGU &WMG QH 0QTVJWODGTNCPF #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ 2CTMG $GTPGV %Q .QPFQP 0T

5828

&KEMG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG \W 4GKEJUVCNGTP WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP $ÒUVG T #NVCT OKV *QUVKG $KDGN WPF -GNEJ CWH FGT (TQPV KK %14 WPF FKG ,CJTGU\CJN QDGP FKG 6CWDG FGU *GKNKIGP )GKUVGU KP 9QNMGP OO OO FKEM I $TQEMOCPP 5NI 9JKVKPI p 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

/GFCKNNGP OKV FGO 2QTVT·V UGKPGT 0KEJVG 'NKUCDGVJ %JTKUVKPG )GOCJNKP FGU -CKUGTU -CTN 8+ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI FGT 9QNHGPDÒVVGNGT 2TKP\GUUKP ,WNKCPG /CTKG 6QEJVGT UGKPGU %QWUKPU (GTFKPCPF #NDTGEJV ++ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5829

1,5:1

5829

(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % *·UGNGT CWH UGKPGP 6QF 4QOCPKUKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 6TCWGTPFG $TWPUYKIC MPKGV PCEJ T DGK GKPGT 7TPG PGDGP 9CHHGPVTQRJ·GP OO I $TQEMOCPP 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO YWTFG CO 1MVQDGT CNU LÒPIUVGT 5QJP FGU *GT\QIU -CTN 9KNJGNO (GTFKPCPF WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP #WIWUVG GKPGT 5EJYGUVGT FGU DTKVKUEJGP -ÌPKIU )GQTI +++ IGDQTGP #O 0QXGODGT XGTO·JNVG GT UKEJ OKV /CTKG 'NKUCDGVJ 9KNJGNOKPG 6QEJVGT FGU 'TDRTKP\GP -CTN .WFYKI XQP $CFGP 0CEJ FGO 6QF UGKPGU 1PMGNU (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV ÒDGTPCJO GT FKG 4GIKGTWPI FGU (ÒTUVGPVWOU 1GNU WPF PCEJ FGO 8GT\KEJV UGKPGT $TÒFGT CWEJ FKG *GTTUEJCHV KP $TCWPUEJYGKI &GT *GT\QI HKGN KP FGP -·ORHGP DGK 3WCVTGDTCU CO ,WPK \YGK 6CIG XQT FGT 'PFUEJGKFWPIUUEJNCEJV DGK 9CVGTNQQ #O ,WNK YWTFG GT KO &QO XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI DGKIGUGV\V

343

BRAUNSCHWEIG UND LÜNEBURG

5831

5830

5832

&#5 (ª456'067/ $4#705%*9'+) .ª0'$74) %'..'

)GQTI 9KNJGNO 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) .G %NGTE )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'KPG IGMTÌPVG OKV GKPGT 2HCWGPHGFGT WPF GKPGO 5VGTP IGUEJOÒEMVG 5·WNG FCTÒDGT 5EJTKHVDCPF OO I $TQEMOCPP 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI FGU &WMG QH 0QTVJWODGTNCPF #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ 2CTMG $GTPGV %Q .QPFQP 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG F·PKUEJG $GNCIGTWPI XQP 4CV\GDWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

&#5 *'4<1)67/ $4#705%*9'+) .ª0'$74) %#.'0$'4) *#0018'4

,QJCPP (TKGFTKEJ $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ) ( 6TCXCPK )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 2CNOG CWH GKPGO \GTMNÒHVGVGP (GNUGP OO $TQEMOCPP XCT FQTV OKV 4CPFUEJTKHV 9KP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'TPUV #WIWUV UGKV $KUEJQH XQP 1UPCDTÒEM 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGU 5QJPGU -CTN 2JKNKRR

)GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF -CTN 2JKNKRRU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $NKV\G UEJNCIGP CWU HNCOOGPFGP 9QNMGP KP GKP R[TCOKFGPCTVKIGU )GD·WFG WPF NCUUGP FKG 5RKV\G FKG CO 'PFG OKV GKPGO *CNDOQPF XGTUGJGP KUV CDDTGEJGP OO I $TQEMOCPP 5VGPUVTÌO 00 5GNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ -CTN 2JKNKRR YCT FGT XKGTVG 5QJP FGU -WTHÒTUVGP 'TPUV #WIWUV WPF FGUUGP )GOCJNKP 5QRJKG XQP FGT 2HCN\ 'T HÒJTVG CNU 1DGTUV GKP MCKUGTNKEJGU &TCIQPGT 4GIKOGPV KP 7PICTP #P FGT 5RKV\G FKGUGU 4GIKOGPVGU VTCH GT CO ,CPWCT DGK 2TKUVKPC CWH GKPG ÒDGTNGIGPG #P\CJN VÒTMKUEJGT 4GKVGT 0CEJ VCRHGTGT )GIGPYGJT HKGN GT 8QO IGUCOVGP 4GIKOGPV GPVIKPIGP PWT GKP 4KVVOGKUVGT WPF HÒPH &TCIQPGT FGO 6QF

344

BRAUNSCHWEIG UND LÜNEBURG

5833

5834

5835

&#5 -74(ª456'067/ *#0018'4

'TPUV #WIWUV UGKV $KUEJQH XQP 1UPCDTÒEM 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' $TCDCPFV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 5QRJKC 6QEJVGT (TKGFTKEJU 8 XQP FGT 2HCN\

Ó T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I $TQEMOCPP 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI FGU &WMG QH 0QTVJWODGTNCPF #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ 2CTMG $GTPGV %Q .QPFQP 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # -CTNUVGGP CWH UGKPGP 6QF )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'KPG CWU 3WCFGTP IGDCWVG 2[TCOKFG KP .CPFUEJCHV OO I $TQEMOCPP 5VGPUVTÌO p 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI FGU &WMG QH 0QTVJWODGTNCPF #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ 2CTMG $GTPGV %Q .QPFQP 0T

)GQTI + .WFYKI 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * 2 )TQMWTV CWH UGKPG 'KPHÒJTWPI KP FCU -WTHÒTUVGPMQNNGIKWO &GT IGJCTPKUEJVG *GT\QI OKV *GNO CWH GKPGO PCEJ N URTKPIGPFGP 4Q KP FGT 4GEJVGP -QOOCPFQUVCD KO *KPVGTITWPF 4JGKPNCPFUEJCHV .QTDGGTMTCP\ NKGIV CWH GKPGO #NVCT FCTKP 7TMWPFG OKV 5KGIGN OO I $TQEMOCPP 5GJT UGNVGP DGUQPFGTU KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG 8QTFGTUGKVGPCDDKNFWPI FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG DG\KGJV UKEJ CWH MNGKPGTG GTHQNITGKEJG 7PVGTPGJOWPIGP IGIGP FKG (TCP\QUGP CO 4JGKP &KG &CTUVGNNWPI FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG DG\KGJV UKEJ CWH FGP TÌOKUEJGP &KEJVGT 2GTUKWU FGT DGTKEJVGVG FC -CKUGT %CNKIWNC FKG 0CEJTKEJV ÒDGT GKPGP 5KGI KP )GTOCPKGP KO NQTDGGTIGUEJOÒEMVGP $TKGH PCEJ 4QO UCPFVG

345

BRAUNSCHWEIG UND LÜNEBURG

5836

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' *CPPKDCN CWH UGKPG 'KPHÒJTWPI KP FCU -WTHÒTUVGPMQNNGIKWO )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP 5VGTP WPVGP 4QUGVVG OO I $TQEMOCPP 5GJT UGNVGP KP FKGUGT 'TJCNVWPI 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI FGU &WMG QH 0QTVJWODGTNCPF #WMVKQP 5QVJGD[ 2CTMG $GTPGV %Q .QPFQP 0T

/GFCKNNGP OKV FGO 2QTVT·V UGKPGT 6QEJVGT 5QRJKG &QTQVJGC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5837

1,5:1

CNU )GQTI + -ÌPKI XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) 9 8GUVPGT CWH UGKPGP 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV KP )TQDTKVCPPKGP $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &KG 5QPPG UVGJV KO 5VGTPDKNF FGU .ÌYGP OO I $GTPJGKOGT XCT $TQEMOCPP 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ /GFCKNNGP OKV FGO 2QTVT·V UGKPGT 'PMGNKP FGT 9GNHGPRTKP\GUUKP .QWKUG CWU FGP ,CJTGP WPF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

346

BRESLAU

5838

&+' 56#&6 $4'+5#%*

$4'+5#%*

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG FGT DGNCIGTVGP 5VCFV FWTEJ *GT\QI $GTPJCTF XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT CO &G\GODGT &GT IGJCTPKUEJVG *GT\QI TGKVGV T WPF YKTF XQP GKPGT CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFGP *CPF DGMT·P\V KO *KPVGTITWPF 5EJNCEJVU\GPG KP GKPGT (NWNCPFUEJCHV 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 9GUVGP OKV FGO 4JGKP WPF FGT (GUVWPI $TGKUCEJ KO 8QTFGTITWPF QDGP JCNVGP \YGK 'PIGN KP 9QNMGP FCU 5VCFVYCRRGP OO I $GTUVGVV /CW¾ 5NI /GTUGD 9KGEGM 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ $GTPJCTF *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT IKNV CNU FGT YQJN DGFGWVGPFUVG FGWVUEJG RTQVGUVCPVKUEJG (GNFJGTT FGU &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGIGU &GT CO #WIWUV KP 9GKOCT IGDQTGPG *GT\QI UEJNQ UKEJ PCEJ GKPKIGP 5VWFKGP OQPCVGP KP ,GPC FGP RTQVGUVCPVKUEJGP 6TWRRGP CP WPF HQEJV DGK 9KGUNQEJ WPF 9KORHGP #NU )GPGTCN )WUVCX #FQNHU XQP 5EJYGFGP JKGNV $GTPJCTF FKG GTQDGTVGP 4JGKPNCPFG PCJO CO 5VWTO CWH 9CNNGPUVGKPU .CIGT VGKN WPF DGJCWRVGVG PCEJ FGO 6QF )WUVCX #FQNHU FCU 5EJNCEJVHGNF DGK .ÒV\GP 0CEJ FGO 8GTNWUV XQP 4GIGPUDWTI YWTFG $GTPJCTF DGK 0ÌTFNKPIGP XGTPKEJVGPF IGUEJNCIGP WPF XGTNQT UGKP *GT\QIVWO +P FGP DGKFGP HQNIGPFGP ,CJTGP M·ORHVG GT OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 8GTDÒPFGVGP OKV YGEJUGNPFGP 'THQNIGP XQT CNNGO KP .QVJTKPIGP UEJNWI FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP DGK 4JGKPHGNFGP WPF PCJO PCEJ OGJTOQPCVKIGT $GNCIGTWPI CO &G\GODGT $TGKUCEJ GKP YQTCWH FKG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG $G\WI PKOOV 0CEJ FGP #PUVTGPIWPIGP FGT (GNF\ÒIG GTNCI $GTPJCTF CO ,WNK DGK 0GWGPDWTI CO 4JGKP GKPGT MWT\GP -TCPMJGKV

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH *GT\QI $GTPJCTF WPF UGKPGP 6QF KP $TGKUCEJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5839

&+' 56#&6 $4'5.#7

$4'5.#7

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &CFNGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV OKV FTGK 5EJCP\GP FCTÒDGT JCNVGP \YGK 'PIGN FCU DGJGNOVG 5VCFVYCRRGP WPVGP -CTVWUEJG OKV FGT 5KIPCVWT * < *CPU <KGUNGT FCTWPVGT FKG 5KIPCVWT 5 & \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN 5V ,QJCPPGU UVGJV X X OKV *GKNKIGPUEJGKP WPF UGIPGPFGT 4GEJVGP KP FGT .KPMGP $WEJ OKV FGO .COO )QVVGU OO I ( W 5 /CW¾ 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG JCV FGT /ÒP\R·EJVGT *CPU <KGUNGT \W )GUEJGPM\YGEMGP KP )QNF WPF 5KNDGT CPHGTVKIGP NCUUGP &KG 8QTFGTUGKVGPCDDKNFWPI YWTFG \WO 8QTDKNF HÒT FKG &CTUVGNNWPIGP INGKEJGT #TV CWH /GFCKNNGP XQP 4KGIGT $WEJJGKO WPF -KVVGN

347

BRESLAU

5840

5841

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * 4KGIGT CWH FKG 'TTKEJVWPI FGT /CTKC /CIFCNGPC $KDNKQVJGM +PPGPCPUKEJV FGT $KDNKQVJGM <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP 4QUGVVG WPVGP 4QUGVVG CWH GKPGO -PQVGP OO I ( W 5 44 5GJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT OKV FWPMNGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , $WEJJGKO CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI .GQRQNFU + 5VCFVCPUKEJV QDGP JCNVGP \YGK 'PIGN FCU DGJGNOVG 5VCFVYCRRGP WPVGP 84#6+5.#8+# KP -CTVWUEJG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -CKUGTU .GQRQNF + T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I ( W 5 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ FQTV KTTVÒONKEJ OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

5842

&#5 $+567/ $4'5.#7

-CTFKPCN )GQTI XQP -QRR $KUEJQH XQP (WNFC UGKV $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNQP XQP % -NGKPG $TWUVDKNF FGU -CTFKPCNU T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV 'T\GPIGN /KEJCGN \KGJV FCU 5EJYGTV WPF TGKVGV ÒDGT FGP CO $QFGP NKGIGPFGP &TCEJGP JKPYGI OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI -NCWU 2TQRR #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T )GQTI -CTFKPCN XQP -QRR

&WFGTUVCFV Ó 6TQRRCW YCT UGKV $KUEJQH XQP (WNFC WPF UGKV (ÒTUVDKUEJQH XQP $TGUNCW 0CEJ UGKPGO 6QF YWTFG GT KO $TGUNCWGT &QO DGKIGUGV\V

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W $TGUNCW HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 348

DÜSSELDORF

5845

5843

5844

&+' 56#&6 &146/70&

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP $CIFQPU 2T·OKG FGT *QGUEJ #) XGTNKGJGP HÒT VTGWG &KGPUVG -QRH FGU )GPGTCNFKTGMVQTU (TKGFTKEJ 5RTKPIQTWO

Ó N #PUKEJV FGU 5VCJNYGTMU OKV *QEJ QHGPCPNCIGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G 24 /ª0<' $'4.+0 OO I /ÒUGNGT 0CEJVTCI % FQTV KP 'KUGP 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&+' 56#&6 &4'5&'0

&146/70&

&4'5&'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV )NCUGT 5QJP CWH FKG +PVGTPCVKQPCNG *[IKGPGCWUUVGNNWPI 2NCUVKUEJGU #WIG FCTWPVGT *;)+'0' 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I )GDCWGT *GKFGOCPP 5NI $TGVVCWGT p +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 8QT\ÒINKEJ *[IKGKC YCT DGK FGP )TKGEJGP $GITKHH WPF IÌVVNKEJG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP FGT )GUWPFJGKV 0CEJ #PH·PIGP KO #NVGTVWO

\ $ #DYCUUGTGPVUQTIWPI IGYCPP FKG *[IKGPG KO ,CJTJWPFGTV CWH YKUUGPUEJCHVNKEJGT $CUKU CP $GFGWVWPI &GT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJG #T\V +IPC\ 5GOOGNYGKU HÒJTVG WPVGTUEJKGFNKEJ UVCTMGU #WHVTGVGP XQP -KPFDGVVHKGDGT CWH OCPIGNPFG *[IKGPG DGK T\VGP WPF -TCPMGPJCWURGTUQPCN \WTÒEM WPF UGV\VG UKEJ HÒT *[IKGPGXQTUEJTKHVGP GKP 4QDGTV -QEJ FGWVUEJGT $CMVGTKQNQIG JCV FWTEJ FKG 'PVFGEMWPI XQP DCMVGTKGNNGP +PHGMVKQPUMTCPMJGKVGP GKPGP YKEJVKIGP $GKVTCI \WT *[IKGPG XQT CNNGO KP &GWVUEJNCPF IGNGKUVGV #WH FKG 0QVYGPFKIMGKV GKPGT WOHCUUGPFGP *[IKGPG YWTFG FCU +PVGTGUUG FGT ¤HHGPVNKEJMGKV XQT CNNGO FWTEJ #WUUVGNNWPIGP IGNGPMV 4WPFHWPM WPF (GTPUGJGP ICD GU PQEJ PKEJV &KG #WUUVGNNWPI KP &TGUFGP HQNIVG GKPGO KPVGTPCVKQPCNGP -QPITG HÒT *[IKGPG KP $GTNKP KO ,CJTG &KG /CPCJOGP FGT OQFGTPGP *[IKGPG UKPF YGUGPVNKEJG 8QTCWUUGV\WPIGP HÒT GKPG NCPIG WPF IGUWPFG .GDGPU\GKV FGU /GPUEJGP &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG OKV FGO OGPUEJNKEJGP #WIG UVTCJNV UVCTMG UWIIGUVKXG -TCHV CWU &KG )GUVCNVWPI IGJV CWH GKPGP 'PVYWTH FGU DGMCPPVGP /ÒPEJPGT /CNGTU (TCP\ XQP 5VWEM \WTÒEM &KG &CTUVGNNWPI FGU #WIGU KUV PQEJ JGWVG FCU 9CJT\GKEJGP FGU FGWVUEJGP *[IKGPG /WUGWOU KP &TGUFGP

&+' 56#&6 &ª55'.&14(

&ª55'.&14(

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # *WRR 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 5VCFV 5VCFVIÌVVKP OKV 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT 4GEJVGP UKV\V X X CWH *CHGPOCWGT CP GKPGP PCEJ N NKGIGPFGP .ÌYGP IGNGJPV FGT GKPGP #PMGT \YKUEJGP FGP 2TCPMGP J·NV KO *KPVGTITWPF )GD·WFG WPF 6CMGNCIG CP FGT /CWGT UKPF XKGT 9CRRGPUEJKNFG CPIGDTCEJV 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT .QTDGGT WPF 'KEJGP\YGKI OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W &ÒUUGNFQTH HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

349

EMDEN

5846

1,5:1

5846

'%-'40(¤4&' &+' 56#&6 '%-'40(¤4&'

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &TGPVYGVV CWH FCU 5GGIGHGEJV DGK 'EMGTPHÌTFG &KG (TGICVVG )GHKQP WPF FCU DTGPPGPFG .KPKGPUEJKHH %JTKUVKCP 8+++ KO /GGT XQT FGT 5VTCPFUEJCP\G CWH FGT GKPG FTGKHCTDKIG (CJPG YGJV 9CRRGP CWH 8GT\KGTWPIGP OO I .CPIG C 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ #O #RTKN DGICPPGP PCEJ #DNCWH FGU 9CHHGPUVKNNUVCPFGU CWH F·PKUEJGT 5GKVG YKGFGT FKG (GKPFUGNKIMGKVGP <YGK 6CIG UR·VGT HWJTGP FCU .KPKGPUEJKHH %JTKUVKCP 8+++ OKV -CPQPGP WPF FKG (TGICVVG )GHKQP OKV -CPQPGP UQYKG FTGK YGKVGTG 5EJKHHG WPVGT FGO 1DGTDGHGJN FGU -CRKV·PU 2CNWFCP KP FKG KPPGTG $WEJV XQP 'EMGTPHÌTFG FKG XQP \YGK 5EJCP\GP FGT 0QTFDCVVGTKG OKV -CPQPGP WPF FGT 5ÒFDCVVGTKG OKV -CPQPGP WPVGT FGO $GHGJN FGU UEJNGUYKI JQNUVGKPKUEJGP #TVKNNGTKGJCWRVOCPPU ,WPIOCPP XGTVGKFKIV YWTFG &KG 5EJKHHG DGICPPGP PCEJ 7JT OQTIGPU FKG 5EJCP\GP \W DGUEJKGGP FKG UQHQTV GKPGP )GIGPCPITKHH UVCTVGVGP &WTEJ FGP OKVVCIU CWHMQOOGPFGP 1UVYKPF FGT FKG 5EJKHHG IGIGP FGP 5VTCPF VTKGD WPF FWTEJ FKG IWV IG\KGNVGP 5EJÒUUG FGT $CVVGTKGP UCJ UKEJ 2CNWFCP IG\YWPIGP GKP 5EJTGKDGP CP FKG /KNKV·TDGJÌTFG CWH\WUGV\GP 'T XGTURTCEJ FCTKP FKG (GKPFUGNKIMGKVGP GKP\WUVGNNGP YGPP OCP KJO HTGKGP #D\WI IGY·JTG CPUQPUVGP YÒTFG GT FKG 5VCFV KP $TCPF UGV\GP &CTCWH IKPI ,WPIOCPP LGFQEJ PKEJV GKP WPF UQ DGICPPGP FKG )GIPGT FKG $GUEJKGWPI XQP PGWGO FKGUOCN YWTFGP FKG 5EJCP\GP \WU·V\NKEJ XQP UGEJU )GUEJÒV\GP GKPGT PCUUCWKUEJGP (GNFDCVVGTKG WPVGTUVÒV\V 5EJNKGNKEJ UCJGP UKEJ FKG &·PGP \WT #WHICDG IG\YWPIGP UKG ÒDGTICDGP DGKFG 5EJKHHG OKV $GUCV\WPI CNU -TKGIUIGHCPIGPG 9·JTGPF FGT #WUUEJKHHWPI FGT 5EJKHHUDGUCV\WPI ICD GU CDGPFU GKPG UVCTMG 'ZRNQUKQP CP $QTF FGT %JTKUVKCP 8+++ XQP FGT UEJNKGNKEJ PWT PQEJ GKP 9TCEM ÒDTKIDNKGD

5847

&+' 56#&6 '/&'0

'/&'0

5KNDGTPG 8KGT\KIGT /GFCKNNG Q , XQP ' $TCDCPFV *CHGP WPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV FCTÒDGT FCU XQP \YGK 'PIGNP IGMTÌPVG 5VCFVYCRRGP \YKUEJGP 2CNO\YGKIGP <YGK CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG KPGKPCPFGT ITGKHGPFG *·PFG JCNVGP GKP <GRVGT QDGP -TQPG OKV \YGK )KTNCPFGP WPVGP \YGK IGMTGW\VG 2CNO\YGKIG 1JPG 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I -P[RJ XCT 44 #VVTCMVKXGU XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT 5NI -GPPGRQJN #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T GTYQTDGP XQP (WNFCWGT $TÒUUGN

'4(746

350

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP (ÒTUVGPMQPITG KP 'THWTV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

FRANKFURT

5848 1,5:1

1,5:1

&+' 56#&6 (4#0-(746

(4#0-(746

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG -TKGIUNGKFGP #PUKEJV FGT DTGPPGPFGP 5VCFV OKV FGO /CKP FGT /CKPDTÒEMG WPF 5CEJUGPJCWUGP XQP DGKFGP 7HGTP YKTF CWHGKPCPFGT IGUEJQUUGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I , W ( 4 (GKPG 2CVKPC YKP\ 5VGORGNHGJNGT CO 4CPF XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5850

5849

5851

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG 9CJN -CTNU 8+ \WO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT -QPUVGNNCVKQP FGU 5VGTPGPJKOOGNU CO 6CI FGT 9CJN FCJKPVGT FGT 0COGPU\WI FGU -CKUGTU &CU *QTQUMQR FGU IGY·JNVGP -CKUGTU OO I (ÌTUEJPGT (QTUVGT p , W ( 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG -TÌPWPI -CTNU 8+ \WO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF -CTNU 8+ T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN \W FGP 5GKVGP \YGK 'PIGN FKG LGYGKNU GKPG -TQPG ÒDGT UGKP *CWRV JCNVGP )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP WOJGT FKG -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU OO I (ÌTUEJPGT , W ( 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # 8GUVPGT CWH FKG 9CJN -CTNU 8++ \WO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF -CTNU 8++ T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF FGT -GVVG FGU 1TFGPU XQO )QNFGPGP 8NKGU )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF IGMTÌPVGT .ÌYG OKV <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN JCNVGP IGOGKPUCO GKPGP IGMTÌPVGP 5EJKNF FGT XQP .QTDGGT\YGKIGP WOYWPFGP KUV WPF CWH FGO %#41 .85 Û 8++ Ù \W NGUGP KUV OO I $GTPJGKOGT (ÌTUEJPGT , W ( 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 9KVV *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG -TÌPWPI -CTNU 8++ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 351

FRANKFURT

5852

5853

5854

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # 8GUVPGT CWH FKG 9CJN XQP (TCP\ + \WO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT 4GKEJUCRHGN WPF 5EJYGTV KP FGP (·PIGP UVGJV X X CWH 'TFJCNDMWIGN OKV #8564+# WPF )'4 /# 0+# CWH FGT $TWUV FCU 9CRRGP XQP .QVJTKPIGP QDGP -CKUGTMTQPG OO I $GTPJGKOGT (ÌTUEJPGT , W ( 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ FQTV KP $TQP\G (GKPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 0 XCP 5YKPFGTGP CWH FKG -TÌPWPI XQP (TCP\ + \WO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT )G JCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV 2GTÒEMG WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUMGVVG 5GEJUGEMKIGT 6KUEJ OKV TGKEJ DGUVKEMVGT &GEMG FCTCWH -KUUGP OKV FGP -TÌPWPIUKPUKIPKGP OO I (ÌTUEJPGT , W ( 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG -TÌPWPI XQP (TCP\ + HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI %CTN 6JGQFQT XQP &CNDGTIU CNU (ÒTUVRTKOCU FGU 4JGKPDWPFGU $TWUVDKNF XQP &CNDGTIU N KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV WPF OKV ,WYGNGPMTGW\ CWH FGT $TWUV 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP (TCPMHWTV FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG OO I , W ( 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5855

352

-NKRRGPHÌTOKIG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FKG GTUVG &GWVUEJG 9GKPCWUUVGNNWPI KP (TCPMHWTV -QRH GKPGU NCEJGPFGP 9KP\GTU X X WOJGT 9GKPTGDGP &GT IGMTÌPVG PCEJ N DNKEMGPFG #FNGT OKV ( CWH FGT $TWUV Z OO I , W ( 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 9KP\ 5VGORGNHGJNGT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

FULDA

5856

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * -CWHOCPP CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU &KEJVGTU ,QJCPP 9QNHCPI XQP )QGVJG

Ó ,WIGPFNKEJGU $TWUVDKNF )QGVJGU T OKV WOIGDWPFGPGO *CNUVWEJ &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG PCEMVG 9CJTJGKV OKV 5RKGIGN UVGJV PGDGP FGT RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP UKV\GPFGP &KEJVMWPUV FKG GKP CPVKMGU )GYCPF VT·IV WPF GKPG .GKGT URKGNV KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV /KV 4CPFRWP\GP 4QUGVVG WPF , Û % OO I (ÌTUEJPGT , W ( *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG 5VCFV (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP DGCWHVTCIVG FGP $KNFJCWGT *WIQ -CWHOCPP OKV FGT 5EJCHHWPI GKPGT /GFCKNNG \WO )GDWTVUVCI KJTGU ITQGP 5QJPGU ,QJCPP 9QNHICPI XQP )QGVJG &KG /GFCKNNG VT·IV CWH FGT 8QTFGTUGKVG FCU $TWUVDKNF FGU LWPIGP &KEJVGTU OKV <QRH PCEJ FGO )GO·NFG XQP )GQTI 1UYCNF /C[ ő &KG 4ÒEMUGKVG PKOOV CWH )QGVJGU GKIGPG .GDGPUDGUEJTGKDWPI $G\WI &KG 7OUEJTKHV XGTMÒPFGV 9CJTJGKV WPF &KEJVWPI FKG 5[ODQNIGUVCNV FGT 9CJTJGKV OKV 5RKGIGN UVGJV WPDGMNGKFGV PGDGP KJTGT UKV\GPFGP 5EJYGUVGT FGT &KEJVWPI FGTGP <GKEJGP FKG .GKGT KUV ,QCEJKO &CVQY KP &KG 'TPGWGTWPI FGT /GFCKNNG KP FGT <GKV FGU ,WIGPFUVKNU #O #WIWUV OKVVCIU OKV FGO )NQEMGPUEJNCI \YÌNH MCO KEJ KP (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP CWH FKG 9GNV &KG -QPUVGNNCVKQP YCT INÒEMNKEJ 5Q DGIKPPV )QGVJGU #WVQDKQITCRJKG &KEJVWPI WPF 9CJTJGKV 5VWFKWO KP .GKR\KI WPF 5VTCDWTI &CU ,WTKUVKUEJG #DUEJNWUUGZCOGP NGIVG GT KP 5VTCDWTI CD #FXQMCVWT KP (TCPMHWTV ņ 5GKV GTUVG 9GTMG CNU &KEJVGT 'KPNCFWPI PCEJ 9GKOCT XQP *GT\QI -CTN #WIWUV WPF UGKPGT /WVVGT #PPC #OCNKC +P FGT (ÒJTWPI FGU GTUV L·JTKIGP *GT\QIU WPF FGT /KVXGTCPVYQTVWPI HÒT FCU .CPF YWEJU KJO GKPG GT\KGJGTKUEJG WPF UQ\KCNG #WHICDG \W )QGVJG YWTFG OKV FGT 8GTYCNVWPI FGT (KPCP\GP FGU $GTIDCWU FGU /KNKV·TYGUGPU UR·VGT CWEJ FGU 6JGCVGTU WPF FGU $KNFWPIUYGUGPU KO (ÒTUVGPVWO DGCWHVTCIV YWTFG GT )GJGKOGT 4CV +P 9GKOCT GPVUVCPFGP )QGVJGU ITQG 9GTMG /KV (TKGFTKEJ XQP 5EJKNNGT GPVYKEMGNVG UKEJ PCEJ CPH·PINKEJGT #DNGJPWPI KP FGP GT ,CJTGP GKPG GKP\KICTVKIG <WUCOOGPCTDGKV 5KG FCWGTVG DKU \W 5EJKNNGTU HTÒJGO 6QF )QGVJGU 7PKXGTUCNKV·V DGYKGUGP CWGT UGKPGP FKEJVGTKUEJGP 9GTMGP FKG NKVGTCTKUEJGP MWPUVMTKVKUEJGP WPF XQT CNNGO PCVWTYKUUGPUEJCHVNKEJGP 5EJTKHVGP )QGVJG UVKTDV CO /·T\ OKV ,CJTGP KP 9GKOCT PCEJ GKPGO GTHÒNNVGP .GDGP 5GKP )GPKG DNGKDV OKV UGKPGP 9GTMGP NGDGPFKI DKU KP WPUGTG <GKV 5Q\WUCIGP PGDGPDGK YWTFG )QGVJG \W GKPGO ITQGP 5COONGT XQP /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP 5GKPG PWOKUOCVUKEJG 5COONWPI DGNKGH UKEJ CO 'PFG UGKPGU .GDGPU CWH TWPF 1DLGMVG XQP FGPGP /GFCKNNGP KO $GUVCPFU MCVCNQI XQP ,QEJGP -NCW GPVJCNVGP UKPF

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH )QGVJG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W (TCPMHWTV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5857

#$6'+ 5'+6 $+567/

(7.&#

*GKPTKEJ 8+++ XQP $KDTC 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , . 1GZNGKP CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 2TKGUVGTLWDKN·WO $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &KG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQPGP XQP 4GNKIKQP WPF &CPMDCTMGKV UVGJGP CP GKPGO DTGPPGPFGP #NVCT FCXQT MPKGV FKG 5VCFVIÌVVKP OKV 5EJKNF CWH 5VWHGP QDGP FGT JGKNKIG 5VWTO GTUVGT #DV FGU 5VKHVGU OKV \YGK 2WVVGP KP 9QNMGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP (WNFC OO I $WEJQPKC 5GJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC

353

GÖTTINGEN

1,5:1

5858

&+' 56#&6 )¤66+0)'0

)¤66+0)'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * )WDG 9GTMUVCVV .QQU 9KFOWPI FGT FGWVUEJGP 2J[UKQNQIGP \WO L·JTKIGP &QMVQTLWDKN·WO FGU )ÌVVKPIGT 0CVWTHQTUEJGTU WPF 2TQHGUUQTU , (T $NWOGPDCEJ

)QVJC Ó )ÌVVKPIGP $TWUVDKNF $NWOGPDCEJU N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &TGK 6QVGPUEJ·FGN FGT MCWMCUKUEJGP CHTKMCPKUEJGP WPF OQPIQNKUEJGP 4CUUG OO I 5NI $TGVVCWGT 5NI /GTUGD FQTV KP 'KUGP *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG (QTUEJWPIGP $NWOGPDCEJU YCTGP DCJPDTGEJGPF CWH FGP )GDKGVGP FGT XGTINGKEJGPFGP #PCVQOKG WPF #PVJTQ RQNQIKG

5859

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ( $TGJOGT CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU /CVJGOCVKMGTU #UVTQPQOU WPF 2J[UKMGTU -CTN (TKGFTKEJ )CWUU

$TCWPUEJYGKI Ó )ÌVVKPIGP IGYKFOGV XQP FGT MÌPKINKEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP KP )ÌVVKPIGP $ÒUVG XQP )CWUU T <YGK\GKNKIGU &CVWO WOJGT 'KEJGP WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI OO 9WT\DCEJ p +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

354

HAMBURG

5860

&+' 56#&6 *#/$74)

*#/$74)

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &CFNGT 5KNDGTPGT $CPM 2QTVWICNÌUGT CWH FKG 5GIPWPIGP FGU (TKGFGPU 5VCFV CPUKEJV OKV \CJNTGKEJGP 5EJKHHGP CWH FGT 'NDG QDGP MNGKPGU 5VCFVYCRRGP FCTÒDGT JCNVGP \YGK CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *·PFG GKPGP 5EJKNF OKV FGO 0COGP ,GJQXCU &GT RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG (TKGFG UEJYGDV ÒDGT FGT 'NDG WPF NGGTV \YGK (ÒNNJÌTPGT OO I &GVJ 1TF )CGF FQTV KP )QNF /CW¾ 4 #VVTCMVKXG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

1,5:1

5861

5KNDGTPG *QJNIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP JQNN·PFKUEJGP (GUVWPIUDCWOGKUVGT *GPTKM 4WUG *GTT XQP 5CYGTV IGYKFOGV XQO *GT\QI %JTKUVKCP .WFYKI XQP $TCWPUEJYGKI .ÒPGDWTI HÒT UGKPG #TDGKV HÒT FKG <KVCFGNNG KP *CTDWTI JGWVG 5VCFVVGKN XQP *CODWTI *'04+% Û 485' Û *4 8 Û 5#9'46 Û '% Û )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF 4WUGU HCUV X X 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP *CTDWTI QDGP 9CRRGP WPF #VVTKDWVG FGT #TEJKVGMVWT WPVGP -CTVWUEJG OKV UGEJU <GKNGP )TCXWT OO I )CGF p -2- X .QQP p 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 1TKIKPCNIW *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 355

HAMBURG

5862

5863

5864

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 4GVJG QFGT UGKPGO 5QJP ,QJCPP 4GVGMG CWH FGP *CPFGN \WT 5GG 5VCFVCPUKEJV OKV FGO *CHGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF \CJNTGKEJG 5EJKHHG QDGP JCNVGP \YGK CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *·PFG GKPGP 5EJKTO OKV FGO 0COGP ,GJQXCU ÒDGT FCU 5VCFVYCRRGP XQP *CODWTI /GTMWT CNU -QNQ XQP 4JQFQU UVGJV OKV FGO TGEJVGP $GKP CWH GKPGO 5EJKHH WPF OKV FGO NKPMGP $GKP CWH GKPGT .CPF\WPIG QDGP \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP 5VTCJNGP WPF 9QNMGP N GKPG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV CWH GKPGO 5EJKHH CP FGO FKG +PKVKCNGP )$ )GTF $WTOGUVGT ·NVGUVGT $CPMDÒTIGT CPIGDTCEJV UKPF T GKPG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV OKV FKXGTUGP 9CTGP OO I )CGF FQTV KP )QNF 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI FGT 5VCFV FWTEJ FKG &·PGP 'KP -QOGV ÒDGT FGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP *CODWTI KO #DUEJPKVV \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 'KP #FNGT XGTUWEJV GKP .COO XQP FGT 'TFG \W GPVHÒJTGP XQP T GKNV GKP 5EJ·HGT JGTDGK QDGP HNKGIV YGKVGTGT #FNGT FGT DGTGKVU GKP .COO KP FGP (·PIGP J·NV OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT FQTV KP <KPP )CGF 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ &KG <GTUVÌTWPI FGU *CODWTIGT *KPVGTNCPFGU FWTEJ FGP &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGI HÒJTVG \W GKPGT UVCTMGP $GGKPVT·EJVKIWPI FGU *CPFGNU FGT *CPUGUVCFV FKG FGP -TKGI UGNDUV XÌNNKI WPDGUEJCFGV ÒDGTUVCPFGP JCVVG &KG 7P\WHTKGFGPJGKV FGT $ÒTIGT TKEJVGVG UKEJ XQT CNNGO IGIGP FGP 4CV FGT 5VCFV WPF FGP UVTGPIGP $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT /GWTGT #NU FKG $ÒTIGT 5EJPKVIGT WPF ,CUVTCO UQICT XQO F·PKUEJGP -ÌPKI *KNHG GTDCVGP GTUEJKGPGP F·PKUEJG 6TWRRGP XQT FGT 5VCFV WPF XGTNCPIVGP FKG 'TDJWNFKIWPI HÒT -ÌPKI %JTKUVKCP 8 &KG &·PGP DGTKGHGP UKEJ CWH FKG KPU ,CJTJWPFGTV \WTÒEMTGKEJGPFG *GTTUEJCHV FGT 5EJCWGPDWTIGT FKG UKG KO ,CJTJWPFGTV DGGTDV JCVVGP +OOGT YKGFGT DGCPURTWEJVGP FKG &·PGP FKG UGKV FGO &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGI CWEJ FCU PCJGIGNGIGPG #NVQPC DGUCGP FKG *QJGKV ÒDGT *CODWTI +P DNWVKIGP -·ORHGP IGNCPI GU FGT $ÒTIGTUEJCHV OKV YGNHKUEJGT WPF DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJGT *KNHG FKG F·PKUEJG $GNCIGTWPI \W DGGPFGP 'PFIÒNVKI XGT\KEJVGVGP FKG &·PGP LGFQEJ GTUV KO )QVVQTRGT 8GTVTCI XQP CWH KJTG #PURTÒEJG CWH *CODWTI #P FKG $GNCIGTWPI XQP GTKPPGTV GKPG 5GTKG RTCEJVXQNN IGUVCNVGVGT JGWVG UGJT UGNVGPGT /GFCKNNGP FKG CWH UCVKTKUEJG 9GKUG FGP (GJNUEJNCI FGT F·PKUEJGP #MVKQP FCTUVGNNGP #WH WPUGTGO 5VÒEM YKTF &·PGOCTM CNU MTKGIUNÒUVGTPGT #FNGT DGK FGO GTHQNINQUGP 8GTUWEJ FCTIGUVGNNV GKP HTKGFNKEJGU .COO *CODWTI FCXQP\WVTCIGP /ÌINKEJGTYGKUG UVGNNV FCU \YGKVG .COO FCU DGTGKVU XQP GKPGO #FNGT GORQTIGJQDGP YWTFG FKG 5EJYGUVGTUVCFV #NVQPC FCT

356

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , OKV 5KIPCVWT ' ( CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI FGT 5VGTPUEJCP\G FWTEJ FKG &·PGP 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP *CODWTI KO *KPVGTITWPF $GUEJW FGT 5VGTPUEJCP\G ,WPIHTCW *CODWTI XGTVGKFKIV UKEJ IGIGP GKPGP F·PKUEJGP 'FGNJGTTGP GKP YGKVGTGT &·PG MPKGV XQT KJT WPF DGTÒJTV UKG KO *KPVGTITWPF N 5VGTPUEJCP\G OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT )CGF 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

HAMBURG

5865

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO YCJTUEJGKPNKEJ XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH FGP 5GGT·WDGT -NCWU 5VÌTVGDGMGT

WO Ó WPF FGP (TGKDGWVGT KO &KGPUVG FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -ÌPIU .QWKU :+8 ,CP $CTV $CGTV

Ó $TWUVDKNF 5VÌTVGDGMGTU HCUV X X OKV (GFGTJWV WPF WOIGNGIVGO 4GKH )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF $CTVU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I )CGF 9QJNHCJTV 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 9QJNHCJTV XGTOWVGV FC GU UKEJ DGK FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG CWEJ WO GKPG #TDGKV GKPGU 5EJÒNGTU XQP %JTKUVKCP 9GTOWVJ JCPFGNP MÌPPVG -NCWU 5VÌTVGDGMGT JGKV FGT DGMCPPVGUVG 5GGT·WDGT FGT 0QTF WPF 1UVUGG &GT /CPP KUV GKP /[VJQU /KV GKPVCWUGPF /CPP FGP 8KVCNKGPDTÒFGTP KUV GT KO ,CJTJWPFGTV ÒDGT FKG /GGTG IGUGIGNV WPF JCV (TCEJVUEJKHHG FGT -CWHNGWVG IGMCRGTV WPF CWUIGTCWDV 7PVGT FGP 2KTCVGP IKPI GU IGTGEJV \W ,GFGT JCVVG DGK 'PVUEJGKFWPIGP GKPG 5VKOOG CWEJ FCU GKPHCEJG /CPPUEJCHVUOKVINKGF WPF LGFGT DGMCO FGP INGKEJGP #PVGKN FGT $GWVG &CU UV·TMVG FGP )GOGKPUEJCHVUIGKUV WPF FGP -CORHGUOWV +O -TKGI \YKUEJGP &·PGOCTM WPF /GEMNGPDWTI JCVVGP UKEJ FKG 8KVCNKGPDTÒFGT OGKUV CWU CTOGP (KUEJGTFÌTHGTP MQOOGPF WO \WUCOOGPIGUEJNQUUGP 9CT FKG 2KTCVGTKG CWH FGT 1UVUGG DKU FCJKP PKEJV XKGN OGJT CNU GKP TIGTPKU UQ YKTF UKG KP FGP /CEJVM·ORHGP GKP RQNKVKUEJGT (CMVQT WPF FKG QTICPKUKGTVGP 5GGT·WDGT YGTFGP UV·TMGT DGM·ORHV 7PVGT FGP 2KTCVGP FKG CWH FGO *CODWTIGT )TCUDTQQM GPVJCWRVGV YWTFGP UQNN GKP /CPP PCOGPU 5VÌTVGDGMGT IGYGUGP UGKP 5Q DGTKEJVGP GU %JTQPKMGP CWU FGO ,CJTJWPFGTV 'DGPUQ VCWEJV FGT 0COG 5VÌTVGDGMGT KO ,CJTG KP GKPGT GPINKUEJGP -NCIGUEJTKHV CWH -ÌPKI *GKPTKEJ +8 HQTFGTV XQP FGT *CPUG 5EJCFGPGTUCV\ HÒT 9CTGP FKG 8KVCNKGPDTÒFGT XQP GPINKUEJGP 5EJKHHGP IGTCWDV JCDGP #NU 'PFG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU HTCP\ÌUKUEJG -CRGTHCJTGT KP FKG 7PVGTGNDG XQTFTKPIGP PGJOGP FKG *CODWTIGT FCU DGXQTUVGJGPFG L·JTKIG ,WDKN·WO FGU 5KGIGU ÒDGT 5VÌTVGDGMGT \WO #PNC WO FGP 2KTCVGP WPF UGKP 'PFG KP 'TKPPGTWPI \W DTKPIGP NCUUGP UKG GKPG )GFGPMOGFCKNNG RT·IGP FGTGP GKPG 5GKVG ,GCP $CGTV \GKIV FGP #PHÒJTGT FGT (TCP\QUGP CWH FGT CPFGTGP 5GKVG RTCPIV GKP 2QTVT·V 5VÌTVGDGMGTU \WT 9CTPWPI +O ,CJTG XGTÌHHGPVNKEJV FGT *KUVQTKMGT )TGIQT 4QJOCPP GKPG 4GKJG #WHU·V\G ÒDGT 5VÌTVGDGMGT 'T JCV )GTKEJVUCMVGP WPF #TEJKXG CWU FGT <GKV UVWFKGTV WPF DG\YGKHGNV FKG +FGPVKV·V XQP 5VÌTVGDGMGT 'T UQNN GKP &CP\KIGT -CRKV·P WPF *·PFNGT IGYGUGP UGKP &CPCEJ Y·TG FKGUGT *CWRVOCPP FGT 8KVCNKGPDTÒFGT GKP CPFGTGT IGYGUGP 'U DNGKDV FCDGK -NCWU 5VÌTVGDGMGT FGT 5GGT·WDGT KUV GKP /[VJQU 7PF FGT /[VJQU NGDV

3WGNNG )'1 '21%*' 0T 2KTCVGP &KG YQJN DGMCPPVGUVG .GIGPFG WO FGP 2KTCVGP -NCWU 5VÌTVGDGMGT KUV FKG UGKPGT *KPTKEJVWPI 0CEJ UGKPGT (GUVPCJOG \WUCOOGP OKV )GH·JTVGP UQNNVG GT KP *CODWTI FWTEJ FGP 5EJCTHTKEJVGT 4QUGPHGNF CWU $WZVGJWFG GPVJCWRVGV YGTFGP &GT $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT FGT *CPUGUVCFV GTNCWDVG KJO LGFQEJ FC CNNG /·PPGT CP FGPGP GT PCEJ UGKPGT 'PVJCWRVWPI PQEJ XQTDGKIGJGP MÌPPG ÒDGTNGDGP FWTHVGP 'T UQNN GU IGUEJCHHV JCDGP CP UGKPGT /·PPGT MQRHNQU XQTDGK\WIGJGP DKU FGT *GPMGT KJP CWHJKGNV KPFGO GT KJO GKP *KPFGTPKU KP FGP 9GI YCTH #NNGTFKPIU DTCEJ FGT $ÒTIGTOGKUVGT FCPCEJ UGKP 8GTURTGEJGP WPF GU YWTFGP CNNG /·PPGT GPVJCWRVGV

357

HAMBURG

5866

1,5:1

5866

5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ ,WFGPURQVVOGFCKNNG IGRT·IV CWH FKG 6GWGTWPI WPF FGP -QTPYWEJGT ,WFG OKV *WV WPF 9CPFGTUVCD T KP .CPFUEJCHV CWH FGO 4ÒEMGP GKP -QTPUCEM CWH FGO GKP MNGKPGT 6GWHGN UKV\V WPF FGP 5CEM CWHTGKV FCOKV FCU -QTP JGTCWUH·NNV 'KP CWHTGEJV UVGJGPFGU 5EJGHHGNOC OKV LG CEJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV CWH FGT 9CPFWPI OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT )CGF ++ 5 9QJNHCJTV 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJGU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT $GITKHH FGU -QTP ,WFGP KUV UGKV FGO UR·VGP ,CJTJWPFGTV PCEJYGKUDCT 8GTÌHHGPVNKEJWPIGP FGU WPF ,CJTJWPFGTVU XGTFGWVNKEJGP FGP 5EJO·JDGITKHH +P GKPGO .GZKMQP FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU HKPFGV UKEJ HQNIGPFG &GHKPKVKQP -QTP ,WFGP UKPF IGYKPPUÒEJVKIG 8QT WPF #WHMCWHHGT FGU )GVTCKFGU FKG \W YQJNHGKNGP <GKVGP FCU )GVTCKFG GKPUCOOGNP WPF CWHMCWHHGP WO GU JGTPCEJ \WT <GKV FGT 6JGWTWPI WO GKPGP WPDKNNKIGP 2TGKU OKV GKPGO WPTGEJVGP /CCUG QJPG 7PVGTUEJKGF YKGFGT XGTMCWHHGP WPF CNUQ JKGTFWTEJ KP FGO .CPFG GKP 6JGWTWPI XGTWTUCEJGP +P FGP ,CJTGP WPF FGO ,CJT WPUGTGT /GFCKNNG ICD GU XQP 5EJNGUKGP DKU 9ÒTVVGODGTI ÒDGT ICP\ &GWVUEJNCPF JKPYGI UVCTMG 4GIGPH·NNG GKPGTUGKVU WPF *GWUEJTGEMGPRNCIG CPFGTGTUGKVU &CU HÒJTVG \WO #PUVKGI FGT )GVTGKFGRTGKUG YCU GPVURTGEJGPFG 5RGMWNCPVGP CWH FGP 2NCP TKGH &KG *GWUEJTGEMGP\ÒIG MCOGP UEJQP CWU FGT 6ÒTMGK ÒDGT 7PICTP UKG FCWGTVGP XQNNG \YGK /QPCVG QJPG 7PVGTDTGEJWPI <W FGT FCTCWU HQNIGPFGP *WPIGTUPQV FGT DKU FCJKP UEJNKOOUVGP MCO CWEJ PQEJ GKPG 2GUVYGNNG KP FKGUGP ,CJTGP UQNN HCUV GKP &TKVVGN FGT $GXÌNMGTWPI IGUVQTDGP UGKP

3WGNNG *WDGTV 'OOGTKI &KG -QTPLWFGPOGFCKNNGP KP FGT 5COONWPI $TGVVCWGT KP )GNFIGUEJKEJVNKEJGP 0CEJTKEJVGP 5GRVGODGT *GHV

5868

5867

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 4GVGMG CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM 5VCFVCPUKEJV OKV \CJNTGKEJGP 5EJKHHGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU 2CZ VTKWORJKGTV ÒDGT FGP CO $QFGP NKGIGPFGP 0GKF WOIGDGP XQP GKPGT KOCIKP·TGP -ÒUVGPNCPFUEJCHV OKV 5EJKHHGP OO I )CGF 2CZ KP 0WOOKU FQTV KP )QNF 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

358

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP , 4GVGMG CWH FGP (NGK )·TVPGT MPKGV PCEJ N OKV 5RCVGP KP .CPF UEJCHV WPF DNKEMV \WO UVTCJNGPFGP 0COGP ,GJQXCU GORQT 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UKV\V PCEJ T CWH 5QEMGN KP .CPFUEJCHV KO TGEJVGP #TO (ÒNNJQTP KP FGT .KPMGP XKGT JTGP QDGP GPVNGGTV GKPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF GKPGP -TWI OO I )CGF p 5NI )QRRGN (GKPG 6ÌPWPI HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

HAMBURG

5869 5870

5870

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV 5VQEMHKUEJ /GFCKNNG #WH GKPGO $NQEM NKGIV GKP 5VQEMHKUEJ FGP HÒPH #TOG OKV 5EJN·IGNP DGCTDGKVGP #WH GKPGO 6KUEJ NKGIV FGT \WDGTGKVGVG 5VQEMHKUEJ OO I )CGF 4 -N 4CPFXGTRT·IWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

/GFCKNNGP CWH FKG 'KP·UEJGTWPI #NVQPCU FWTEJ FKG 5EJYGFGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FCU 'PFG FGT 2GUV 5VCFVCPUKEJV OKV *CHGP WPF \CJNTGKEJGP 5EJKHHGP FCTÒDGT T UEJYGDGPFGT 'PIGN OKV 5VCFVUEJKNF 4GIGPDQIGP KP .CPFUEJCHV N UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG OO I )CGF 5NI $TGVVCWGT 44 5GJT UEJÌP

5872

5871

5873

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , . 1GZNGKP 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 8GTUCKNNGU WPF *WDGTVWUDWTI *COOQPKC MPKGV PCEJ T XQT #NVCT CP FGO FCU *CODWTIGT 5VCFVYCRRGP NGJPV CWH FGO #NVCT UVGJV GKPG TCWEJGPFG 1RHGTUEJCNG )GUEJNQUUGPGT ,CPWUVGORGN KP #DUEJPKVV 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT FKG +PKVKCNGP 0).

0KEQNCWU )QVVNKGD .ÒVMGPU ·NVGUVGT $CPMDÒTIGT KP -CTVWUEJG OO I )CGF FQTV KP )QNF 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & ( .QQU WPF , 8 &ÌNN CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 5VCFV 5VCFVIÌVVKP UKV\V X X CP 'KEJG IGNGJPV KP FGT 4GEJVGP 5VGWGTTWFGT OKV FGT .KPMGP /GTMWTUVCD WPF 9CRRGPUEJKNF JCNVGPF FC\YKUEJGP NGJPV GKP (ÒNNJQTP CO $CWOUVCOO WOJGT HNKGIGP \CJNTGKEJG 6CWDGP #PUKEJV FGT $KPPGPCNUVGT OKV FGO ,WPIHGTPUVKGI FCTÒDGT UEJYGDV GKP )GPKWU OKV ¤N\YGKI WPF )TCPCVCRHGN CWH 9QNMG OO I )CGF 5QOOGT # NGKEJV XCT 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & ( .QQU WPF , 8 &ÌNN CWH FKG #WHJGDWPI FGT 'NDDNQEMCFG CO 1MVQDGT #PUKEJV FGT 'NDOÒPFWPI OKV .GWEJVVWTO WPF 5GIGNUEJKHHGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF FGT PCEJ N NCIGTPFG (NWIQVV FGT 'NDG FGP NKPMGP #TO CWH 3WGNNWTPG IGNGJPV KP FGT *CPF 5VCD FCTCWH (TGKJGKVU OÒV\G QDGP UEJYGDGPFGT /GTMWT OKV %CFWEGWU WPF (ÒNNJQTP T 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP *CODWTI OKV FGT 'NDG KO 8QTFGTITWPF QDGP N UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG OO I )CGF 5QOOGT p \W # FQTV WPFCVKGTV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC -N 5VGORGNDTWEJ HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG $GUGV\WPI *CODWTIU FWTEJ 0CRQN¾QP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 359

HAMBURG

5874

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # #DTCOUQP CWH FKG <GTUVÌTWPI *CODWTIU FWTEJ FKG 9KN\GP YGUVUNCYKUEJGT 8QNMUXGTDCPF KO ,CJT #PUKEJV FGT \GTUVÌTVGP $WTI &KG 5VCFVIÌVVKP XQP *CODWTI MPKGV PCEJ N XQT HNCOOGPFGO #NVCT WOJGT 5VCFVYCRRGP $KGPGPMQTD WPF (CUEGU KO *KPVGTITWPF 5GIGNUEJKHHG QDGP N 5VTCJNGP OO I )CGF *QHHOCPP 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5875 1:2

)TQGU )NQEMGPOGVCNN /GFCKNNQP WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP ,CJTGUVCI FGU ITQGP $TCPFGU CO /CK IGIQUUGP CWU )NQEMGPOGVCNN FGT CDIGDTCPPVGP *CWRVMKTEJG 5VCFVIÌVVKP XQP *CODWTI OKV /CWGT MTQPG UKV\V PCEJ N WPF J·NV FKG *CPF FGT XQT KJT UVGJGPFGP )GTOCPKC FKG GKP (ÒNNJQTP KO NKPMGP #TO J·NV 5VCFVYCRRGP FCTÒDGT FCU &CVWO FGU ITQGP $TCPFGU FGT ITQG 6GKNG FGT #NVUVCFV \GTUVÌTV JCVVG 8 8+++ /#; /&%%%:.++ OO )CGF 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5876

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( 5VCWFKIGN WPF % 5EJPKV\URCJP CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI FGU &KEJVGTU (TKGFTKEJ XQP 5EJKNNGT

Ó 5\GPG CWU 5EJKNNGTU )GFKEJV &KG )NQEMG FCTWPVGT FCU *CODWTIGT 5VCFVYCRRGP $TWUVDKNF XQP 5EJKNNGT JCNDN OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO I )CGF 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ /CTEGN 4GKEJ 4CPKEMK UEJTGKDV KP UGKPGO 8QTYQTV \W UGKPGO $WEJ /GKP 5EJKNNGT 5GKVFGO DGYWPFGTG KEJ FGP 4GXQNWVKQP·T FGP 2QGVGP FGT (TGKJGKV KEJ DGYWPFGTG KJP KOOGT PQEJ +EJ UEJ·V\G FGP -·ORHGT OKV FGT (GFGT CNUQ FGP GPICIKGTVGP 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT +EJ XGTGJTG FGP &KEJVGT FGT OKV LGFGT UGKPGT NKVGTCTKUEJGP UGKPGT RJKNQUQRJKUEJGP #TDGKVGP WPDGFKPIV GVYCU GTTGKEJGP GVYCU DGYKTMGP YQNNVG +EJ NKGDG FGP ITÌVGP FGT FGWVUEJGP 6JGCVGTCWVQTGP KJP FGT KP UGKPGP &TCOGP XQP FGP 4·WDGTP DKU \WO 9KNJGNO

6GNN PKGOCNU FKG .WUV CO #DGPVGWGTNKEJGP GKPIGDÒV JCV WPF FGT PKGOCNU XGTIC FC FCU 2WDNKMWO ņ YKG GT UGNDGT RTQXQ\KGTGPF UCIVG ņ FCU 8GTIPÒIGP UWEJV FC GU XQT CNNGO WPVGTJCNVGP UGKP YKNN 9CU CWH FGT $ÒJPG IGDQVGP YKTF UQNN GKP 5RKGN DNGKDGP CDGT GKP RQGVKUEJGU 5EJKNNGT \ÌIGTVG PKEJV MNKRR WPF MNCT \W DGJCWRVGP #NNG -WPUV KUV FGT (TGWFG IGYKFOGV WPF GU IKDV MGKPG JÌJGTG WPF MGKPG GTPUVJCHVGTG #WHICDG CNU FKG /GPUEJGP \W DGINÒEMGP

360

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP 6QFGUVCI (TKGFTKEJ XQP 5EJKNNGTU HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

HELGOLAND

5877

5879

5878

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # 8QIGN CWH FGP 6QFGUVCI FGU &KEJVGTU (TKGFTKEJ )QVVNKGD -NQRUVQEM

Ó IGYKFOGV XQP FGT (TGKOCWTGTNQIG <W FGP 4QUGP $ÒUVG -NQRUVQEMU N (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP FTGK 4QUGP WPVGP FCU *CODWTIGT 5VCFVYCRRGP \YKUEJGP -GNNG WPF 5EJNÒUUGN /KV GKPIGRW\VGT -QPVTQNNPWOOGT OO I )CGF p *<% .CPIG 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

*#0#7 &+' )4#(5%*#(6 *#0#7 /ª0<'0$'4)

2JKNKRR 4GKPJCTF HCEJGT 5EJCWVCNGT CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV %JCTNQVVG 9KNJGNOKPG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU ,QJCPP 'TPUV XQP 5CEJUGP 5CCNHGNF $GKFGT $TWUVDKNFGT GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP *CPCW QDGP HNKGIGPFGT 5EJYCP FGT FKG DGMT·P\VGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFG XQP *CPCW WPF 5CEJUGP J·NV OO I )TCUUGT 5WEJKGT 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

&+' +05'. *'.)1.#0&

*'.)1.#0&

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 6CWVGPJC[P CWH FKG 5KGIG FGU ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP #FOKTCNU 9KNJGNO (TGKJGTT XQP 6GIGVVJQHH

Ó ÒDGT FKG &·PGP DGK *GNIQNCPF WPF ÒDGT FKG +VCNKGPGT DGK .KUUC

&CNOCVKGP 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU #FOKTCNU T 5KGIGUIÌVVKP OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP WPF OKV 2CNO\YGKI KO NKPMGP #TO TGKVGV N CWH GKPGO 5GGRHGTF KP FGP (NWVGP OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 9WT\DCEJ 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 9KNJGNO (TGKJGTT XQP 6GIGVVJQHH

/CTDWTI CP FGT &TCW Ó 9KGP YCT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ WPICTKUEJGT #FOKTCN 'T HÒJTVG KO )GHGEJV DGK *GNIQNCPF FCU \WT 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI FGT RTGWKUEJGP 5EJKHHG GKPIGUGV\VG ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJG )GUEJYCFGT IGIGP FKG F·PKUEJGP $NQEMCFGUVTGKVMT·HVG CP WPF UKGIVG XQT .KUUC FKG +PUGN 8KU KP FGT 0·JG FGT FCNOCVKUEJGP *CWRVUVCFV 5RNKV FWTEJ UGKPG 4COOVCMVKM ÒDGT FKG KVCNKGPKUEJG (NQVVG 5GKV YCT GT %JGH FGT /CTKPGUGMVKQP FGU -TKGIUOKPKUVGTKWOU

361

HESSEN

5880

1,5:1

*'55'0 &+' .#0&)4#(5%*#(6 *'55'0

2JKNKRR FGT )TQOÒVKIG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % 9GNE\ WPF * /CIGFGDWTIGT (QTVWPC OGFCKNNG $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV DTGKVGO (GFGTJWV WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GHNÒIGNVG PCEMVG (QTVWPC UVGJV PCEJ N CWH GKPGT IGHNÒIGNVGP -WIGN \W FGTGP 5GKVGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN Û + Û Û Û KP FGP *·PFGP J·NV UKG GKP )NÒEMUTCF XQT UKEJ FGUUGP 4CFMTCP\ XQP FTGK PCEMVGP -KPFGTP IGDKNFGV YKTF KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV OO I *CDKEJ ++ 5EJÒV\ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV )GRT·IVGU 1TKIKPCN *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC 4GUVG CNVGT 6GKNXGTIQNFWPI UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI /GTECVQT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T (ÒT FKG 4ÒEMUGKVG OKV FGT (QTVWPC FKGPVG #NDTGEJV &ÒTGTU -WRHGTUVKEJ 0GOGUKU QFGT &CU ITQG )NÒEM CNU 8QTNCIG /ÌINKEJGTYGKUG JCV UKEJ .CPFITCH 2JKNKRR OKV FKGUGT /GFCKNNG DGK FGT 7PKXGTUKV·V /CTDWTI HÒT FKG )NÒEMYÒPUEJG \WO 5KGI DGK .CWHHGP KO ,CJT DGFCPMV UKGJG JKGT\W *QHHOGKUVGT $CPF 5 WPF $CPF 5

5881

5881 1,5:1

&+' .#0&)4#(5%*#(6 *'55'0 -#55'.

-CTN 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO OKV 5KIPCVWT 5 )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN )GMTÌPVGU UGEJUHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF WOIGDGP XQP (CJPGP WPF #TOCVWTGP OO I 5EJÒV\ 4 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH UGKPGP $GUWEJ KP )QVJC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 362

HESSEN

5882

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ) . 5EJGRR WPF ' 2 -QJNGT CWH FKG 8QNNGPFWPI FGU 5EJNQUUGU 9KNJGNOUJÌJG WPF FGT 9CUUGTYGTMG CWH FGO %CTNUDGTI DGK -CUUGN )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN #PUKEJV FGU *GTMWNGU 1MVQIQPU WPF FGT -CUMCFGP FGU %CTNUDGTIGU CO (WG FGU $GTIGU \W FGP 5GKVGP *GTMWNGU WPF /KPGTXC FC\YKUEJGP PCEJ N UKV\GPFGT 5CVWTP OKV GKPGT )GF·EJVPKU VCHGN OO I 5EJÒV\ 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5883

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *GFNKPIGT CWH UGKPGP 6QF CO /·T\ PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO /·T\ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 9QNMGP ÒDGT 2[TCOKFG KO *KPVGT ITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP -CUUGN OO I (GNFGT *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 5EJÒV\ #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC YKP\ 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP -CUUGNGT .CPFITCHGP (TKGFTKEJ CNU UEJYGFKUEJGT -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM + HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP

5884

1,5:1

&+' .#0&)4#(5%*#(6 *'55'0 &#4/56#&6

.WFYKI 8+ 1XCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , ) $TGWGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 9CPFGTGT T \YKUEJGP JQJGP (GNUGP WPVGP FKG ,CJTGU\CJN Z OO I 5EJÒV\ XCT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI /GTECVQT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

363

HESSEN

5885

'TPUV .WFYKI $TQP\GOGFCKNNG , % 4QVJ +VVGTOGFCKNNG IGRT·IV CWH FGP -WRHGT DGTIDCW &GT .CPFITCH KP 7PKHQTO OKV -QOOCPFQUVCD KP FGT 4GEJVGP UKV\V CWH GKPGO PCEJ N URTKPIGPFGP 4Q #PUKEJV FGU +VVGTVCNU OKV XKGNGP *ÒIGNP KO *KPVGTITWPF CWH FGPGP KP FGT /KVVG FKG +VVGTDWTI \W UGJGP KUV FCTWPVGT FCU &QTH UQYKG FGT (NW +VVGT WOJGT GKPKIG $GTINGWVG DGK FGT #TDGKV KO 8QTFGT ITWPF JCNVGP \YGK .ÌYGP FCU IGMTÌPVG UGEJUHGNFKIG 9CRRGP OKV FGO JGUUKUEJGP .ÌYGP CNU /KVVGN UEJKNF QDGP 5EJTKHVDCPF ÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGT 5QPPG OO /ÒUGNGT C 5EJÒV\ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI /GTECVQT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5886

.WFYKI 8+++ 5EJCWVCNGT Q , WPUKIPKGTV 5CWIWNFGP 9KNFUEJYGKP N KP .CPFUEJCHV 'KPG CWHIGURCPPVG 5CWUEJYCTVG FCTCWH XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 5EJÒV\ *GPMGNURWT MN 5EJTÌVNKPIUHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌP

5887

6TCIDCTG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP # 5EJ·HGT CWH FKG 9KGFGTGKPHÒJTWPI FGT 2CTHQTEGLCIF *KTUEJ N KP .CPFUEJCHV YKTF XQP GKPGT UGEJUMÌRHKIGP *WPFGOGWVG IGJGV\V &TGK PCEJ N TGKVGPFG 2KSGWTG FGT XQTFGTG DN·UV FCU ,CIFJQTP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO 5EJÒV\ %W 44 /KV CPIGNÌVGVGO *GPMGN XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5NI /GTECVQT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T .CPFITCH .WFYKI 8+++ KUV YGPKIGT FWTEJ JQJG 4GIKGTWPIUMWPUV CNU FWTEJ UGKPG CWUIGURTQEJGPG ,CIFNGKFGPUEJCHV DGMCPPV IGYQTFGP #NU $GNQJPWPI GTJKGNVGP UGKPG ,·IGT FKG DGTÒJOVGP ,CIFRT·IWPIGP FKG FGT ,CIFNCPFITCH KP GKPGO 7OHCPI YKG MGKP CPFGTGT (ÒTUV RT·IGP NKG 9·JTGPF FKG 5VCCVUMCUUGP WPVGT UGKPGT 8GTUEJYGPFWPIUUWEJV NKVVGP WPF FKG $CWGTP FWTEJ UGKP ,CIFHKGDGT IGUEJ·FKIV YWTFGP JKGNV UKEJ FGT .CPFGUJGTT CO NKGDUVGP KO ,CIFUEJNQ -TCPKEJUVGKP CWH

364

HILDESHEIM

5888

&#5 )4155*'4<1)67/ *'55'0 &#4/56#&6

.WFGYKI : + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) )QGV\G CWH UGKPGP 6QF -QRH T 6TCWGTPFGT IGHNÒIGNVGT )GPKWU NGJPV CWH GTNQUEJGPGT (CEMGN OKV 6TCWGTVWEJ OO I 5EJÒV\ 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

'KPG /GFCKNNG OKV FGO 2QTVT·V UGKPGT 5EJYGUVGT .WKUG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5889

*+.&'5*'+/ &#5 $+567/ *+.&'5*'+/

5GFKUXCMCP\ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 2 9GTPGT -CTN FGT )TQG UVGJV HCUV X X OKV 5EJYGTV WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN PGDGP FGO TGEJVGP (W FGU -CKUGTU FKG 5KIPCVWT FGU 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTU WOJGT 9CRRGPMTCP\ .WFYKI FGT (TQOOG UVGJV HCUV X X KP FGT 4GEJVGP FCU /QFGNN FGT 5VKHVUMKTEJG KP FGT .KPMGP GKP <GRVGT WOJGT 9CRRGPMTCP\ OO I /GJN C <GRGTPKEM *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

5890

5GFKUXCMCP\ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 6JKGDCWF &KG CWH 9QNMGP VJTQPGPFG /CTKC OKV ,GUWU MKPF FGWVGV OKV GKPGO <GRVGT CWH FCU XQT KJT UEJYGDGPFG OKV (ÒTUVGPJWV DGFGEMVG 5VKHVUYCRRGP FCU CWH GKPGO XGT\KGTVGP -KUUGP OKV 1TFGPUMTGW\ TWJV WPF OKV -TWOOUVCD 5EJYGTV WPF 2CNO\YGKI DGUVGEMV KUV QDGP FGT CNU 6CWDG IG\GKIVG *GKNKIG )GKUV KP 5VTCJNGP WOJGT 9CRRGPMTCP\ #WH GKPGT FTGKUVWHKIGP 'UVTCFG OKV $CNFCEJKP UVGJV FGT $KUEJQHUUVWJN FGT OKV FGT /KVTC DGNGIV KUV KO *KPVGTITWPF T FGT *KNFGUJGKOGT &QO QDGP FCU IÌVVNKEJG #WIG FGT 8QTUGJWPI KP 5VTCJNGP WOJGT 9CRRGPMTCP\ OO I /GJN <GRGTPKEM *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

365

ISENBURG

5891

&+' 56#&6 *¤%*56 &6

*¤%*56 &6

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) *CWVUEJ CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK *ÌEJUV·FV WPF $NKPFJGKO $NGPJGKO )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF ,QJP %JWTEJKNNU *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ

Ó 7TCJPG XQP 5KT 9KPUVQP %JWTEJKNN

Ó T 4·EJGPFGT -TKGIUIQVV /CTU OKV 5EJYGTV UKV\V PCEJ N CWH GKPGO -CPQPGPTQJT WPF UVÒV\V UKEJ CWH UGKPGP 5EJKNF OKV FGT #WHUEJTKHV /#45 8.614 OKV FGT 4GEJVGP \GKIV GT PCEJ N CWH GKPGP IGJCTPKUEJVGP -TKGIGT FGT FTGK (GKPFG \W $QFGP YKTHV /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 'KOGT 2QRGNMC 5NI 'TNCPIGT 5NI *QTUM[ 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p X .QQP +8 5 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T -CTN ++ FGT NGV\VG URCPKUEJG *CDUDWTIGT YQNNVG FKG XQP 'PINCPF *QNNCPF WPF (TCPMTGKEJ KO UQIGPCPPVGP 2CTVCIGVTCMV DGUEJNQUUGPG 6GKNWPI FGU .CPFGU XGTJKPFGTP 5Q UGV\VG GT KP UGKPGO 6GUVCOGPV 2JKNKRR XQP #PLQW GKPGP 'PMGN UGKPGT OKV -ÌPKI .QWKU :+8 XGTO·JNVGP 5EJYGUVGT \WO CNNGKPKIGP 'TDGP CNNGT UGKPGT 4GKEJG GKP -CKUGT .GQRQNF XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ JKPIGIGP XGTNCPIVG FGP URCPKUEJGP $GUKV\ HÒT UGKPGP 5QJP 'T\JGT\QI -CTN YCU FGT #WUNÌUGT HÒT FGP URCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI YCT ¤UVGTTGKEJ FGT \WP·EJUV GTDDGTGEJVKIVG 5VCCV NKG FGP MCKUGTNKEJGP 1DGTMQOOCPFKGTGPFGP 2TKP\ 'WIGP XQP 5CXQ[GP KO 5QOOGT PCEJ +VCNKGP XQTFTKPIGP YQ GT FKG *GT\QIVÒOGT /CKNCPF WPF /CPVWC GTQDGTVG +P FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK *ÌEJUV·FV CWH FKG UKEJ WPUGTG /GFCKNNG DG\KGJV YWTFG FCU DC[GTKUEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG *GGT FWTEJ 2TKP\ 'WIGP WPF FGP *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ XQNNUV·PFKI XGTPKEJVGV 'U HCPFGP KPUIGUCOV HCUV ,CJTG NCPI 5EJNCEJVGP KP CNNGP OKVVGN WPF UÒFGWTQR·KUEJGP .·PFGTP UVCVV DKU GU GPFNKEJ CO /·T\ \WO (TKGFGP XQP 4CUVCVV MCO %JWTEJ KUV -KTEJG WPF *KNN KUV *ÒIGN &GT 0COG %JWTEJKNN MNKPIV KO 'PINKUEJGP GVYC UQ YKG KO &GWVUEJGP FGT 0COG -KTEJDGTI MNKPIV PCEJ .CPFCFGN 7PF .CPFCFGN CWU FGO GPINKUEJGP 5ÒFYGUVGP YCTGP FKG %JWTEJKNNU DKU \WT 9GPFG FGU \WO ,CJTJWPFGTV CNU FKG (COKNKG QFGT FQEJ GKP <YGKI XQP KJT KP FGP *QEJCFGN CWHUVKGI &KGU IGUEJCJ FWTEJ GKPGP CWGTQTFGPVNKEJGP 5RTQ FGU )GUEJNGEJVU FGT CNU ,QJP %JWTEJKNN IGDQTGP YWTFG WPF CNU *GT\QI XQP /CTNDQTQWIJ GTUVGT UGKPGU 0COGPU UVCTD GKP %JCTCMVGT YKG CWU GKPGO 5JCMGURGCTGUEJGP -ÌPKIUFTCOC *ÌHNKPI WPF )GPKG &KRNQOCV WPF *QEJXGTT·VGT (GNFJGTT WPF 5VCCVUOCPP /CTNDQTQWIJ YCT CWH FGO *ÌJGRWPMV UGKPGU .GDGPU *GT\ WPF 5GGNG FGU IGYCNVKIGP GWTQR·KUEJGP -QCNKVKQPUMTKGIGU FGT FKG 8QTJGTTUEJCHV .WFYKIU :+8 DTCEJ WPF FGP FKG )GUEJKEJVUDÒEJGT VTQEMGP WPF GKP YGPKI CDYGTVGPF CNU 5RCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI DG\GKEJPGP

5GDCUVKCP *CHHPGT KP %JWTEJKNN 'KPG $KQITCRJKG

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK *ÌEJUV·FV HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP OKV FGO 2QTVT·V XQP 5KT 9KPUVQP %JWTEJKNN 0CEJHCJTG XQP ,QJP %JWTEJKNN HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

*1*'0<1..'40 5+)/#4+0)'0

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG *QEJ\GKV FGT 2TKP\GUUKP 5VGRJCPKG OKV -ÌPKI 2GVGT 8 XQP 2QTVWICN HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5892

+5'0$74) &#5 5178'4 0' (ª456'067/ +5'0$74)

%CTN (TKGFTKEJ 6TCIDCTG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV HÒT FKG 6GKNPGJOGT CO (GNF\WI IGIGP 0CRQN¾QP 5·WNG OKV IGMTÌPVGO 9CRRGPUEJKNF WPF FGT +PKVKCNG + +UGPDWTI WOJGT (CJPGP 9CHHGP WPF -TKGIUWVGPUKNKGP QDGP FKG ,CJTGU\CJN /+6 )166 (ª45 8#6'4.#0& WOJGT 'KEJGPMTCP\ OO I )TQVG 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT *CWUUCOONWPI FGT (ÒTUVGP \W 5QNOU *QJGPUQNOU .KEJ #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

366

JÜLICH-KLEVE-BERG

5893

1,5:1

,ª.+%* -.'8' $'4) &#5 *'4<1)67/ ,ª.+%* $'4)

9QNHICPI 9KNJGNO 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG $GKUGV\WPI UGKPGU XGTUVQTDGPGP 1PMGNU *GT\QI ,QJCPP 9KNJGNO

KP FGT &ÒUUGNFQTHGT .CODGTVKMKTEJG <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV 'TVTKPMGPFGT /CPP GTITGKHV GKPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF OO I 0QUU D XCT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5894

1,5:1

,QJCPP 9KNJGNO ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 5GNVGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUV DKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP #PPC /CTKC .WKUG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU )TQJGT\QIU FGT 6QUMCPC %QUKOQ +++ XQP /GFKEK N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I 5VGORGT 44 5GJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5895

1,5:1

5895

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 5GNVGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5GIGN UEJKHH CWH 5GG OO I 5VGORGT # 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

367

JÜLICH-KLEVE-BERG

5896

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG #WUÒDWPI FGU 4GKEJUXKMCTKCVU PCEJ FGO 6QF -CKUGT ,QUGHU + &GT IGMTÌPVG WPF IGJCTPKUEJVG -WTHÒTUV TGKVGV T OKV (GNFJGTTPUVCD WPF WOIGNGIVGT -GVVG FGU *WDGTVWUQTFGPU *GTMWNGU WPF #VNCU TKPIGP WO FKG $ÒTFG FCU 9GNVIGD·WFG KP (QTO GKPGT 'TFMWIGN \W VTCIGP OO I (QTUVGT 5VGORGT 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T ,QJCPP 9KNJGNO JCVVG FKG 2HCN\ XQP UGKPGO 8CVGT 2JKNKRR 9KNJGNO CNU \GTUVÌTVGU WPF XGTYÒUVGVGU .CPF ÒDGTPQOOGP 'T XGTNGIVG UGKPG 4GUKFGP\ PCEJ &ÒUUGNFQTH Y·JTGPF FKG 2HCN\ KO <WIG FGU 2H·N\GT 'TDHQNIGMTKGIU YGKVGT \GTUVÌTV YWTFG FGT GTUV OKV FGO (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM GKP 'PFG HCPF -WTHÒTUV ,QJCPP 9KNJGNO UVGNNVG UKEJ KO DCNF FCTCWH CWUDTGEJGPFGP 5RCPKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI CWH FKG 5GKVG FGU -CKUGTU FGT KJO FCHÒT FKG XGTNQTGPG 1DGTRHCN\ WPF FKG )TCHUEJCHV %JCO \WTÒEMICD &KGUG )GDKGVG OWVG ,QJCPP 9KNJGNO LGFQEJ PCEJ FGO 4CUVCVVGT (TKGFGP XQP YKGFGT CP $C[GTP \WTÒEMIGDGP 'KPG DGUQPFGTG 'JTG YCT GU HÒT ,CP 9GNNGO YKG FGT -WTHÒTUV KO 8QNMUOWPF KP ,ÒNKEJ $GTI IGPCPPV YWTFG PCEJ FGO 6QF ,QUGHU + FCU 4GKEJUXKMCTKCV \W HÒJTGP 'T HGKGTVG FKGUGU #OV OKV OGJTGTGP /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP *GTMWNGU *GTCMNGU WPF #VNCU IGJÌTGP \W FGP JGTCWUTCIGPFGP )GUVCNVGP FGT ITKGEJKUEJGP /[VJQNQIKG #WH 8GTCPNCUUWPI XQP <GWU GTJ·NV *GTMWNGU XQO &GNRJKUEJGP 1TCMGN FGP #WHVTCI #TDGKVGP CWU\WHÒJTGP /KV FGT #WHICDG FGT 'TTKPIWPI FGT IQNFGPGP RHGN FGT *GURGTKFGP IGNCPIV *GTMWNGU \W #VNCU FGO 8CVGT FGT *GURGTKFGP +O ·WGTUVGP 9GUVGP CO 7HGT FGU 1MGCPQU TWJGP CWH FGP 5EJWNVGTP XQP #VNCU FKG 5·WNGP FKG 'TFG WPF *KOOGN CWUGKPCPFGTJCNVGP *QOGT 8QP #VNCU ÒDGTPKOOV *GTMWNGU FKG #WHICDG FCU *KOOGNUIGYÌNDG CWH UGKPG 5EJWNVGTP \W NCFGP #NU #VNCU OKV FGP IQNFGPGP RHGNP \WTÒEMMGJTV YKNN GT FKG UEJYGTG $ÒTFG PKEJV YKGFGT ÒDGTPGJOGP *GTMWNGU IGNKPIV GU LGFQEJ FWTEJ GKPG .KUV UKEJ YKGFGT XQP FKGUGT $ÒTFG \W DGHTGKGP &KG $ÒTFG WPF FKG 8GTCPVYQTVWPI FGU 4GKEJUXKMCTKCVU YKTF CNUQ FWTEJ FCU 6TCIGP FGT 9GNVMWIGN XGTCPUEJCWNKEJV GPVURTGEJGPF NCWVGV FKG 7OUEJTKHV *+5 6861 %10%4'&'4' 21558/ +EJ MCPP UKG =FKG 'TFMWIGN? KJPGP UKEJGT CPXGTVTCWGP

5897

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 5GNVGT CWH UGKPGP 6QF )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF OKV 1TFGPUMGVVGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 5NI /GOOGUJ p 5VGORGT 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &GT XQNMUVÒONKEJG -WTHÒTUV ,CP 9GNNGO \W FGUUGP 6QF FKGUG UGNVGPG /GFCKNNG IGRT·IV YWTFG OCEJVG UKEJ XQT CNNGO CNU -WPUVHÌTFGTGT W C FWTEJ FKG 'KPTKEJVWPI GKPGT -WPUVUCOONWPI KP FGT 4GUKFGP\ &ÒUUGNFQTH FWTEJ FGP 0GWDCW FGT *GKFGNDGTIGT 7PKXGTUKV·V WPF FGP 9KGFGTCWHDCW /CPPJGKOU GKPGP 0COGP $GUQPFGTU KP UGKPGT )GDWTVUUVCFV &ÒUUGNFQTH YKTF GT PQEJ JGWVG XGTGJTV WPF UGKPG 4GIKGTWPI\GKV CNU FKG INÒEMNKEJUVG DG\GKEJPGV 'T GTNCI CO ,WPK GKPGT UEJYGTGP -TCPMJGKV WPF YWTFG CO #WIWUV KP FGT &ÒUUGNFQTHGT #PFTGCUMKTEJG DGKIGUGV\V

368

KÖLN

5898

&+' 56#&6 -#4.547*'

-#4.547*'

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , ITCXKGTV WPUKIPKGTV 2T·OKG FGU $KGPGP\ÒEJVGTXGTGKPU -CTNUTWJG $KGPG &TGK <GKNGP )TCXWT 9CNDWTIC $WEJGT WOJGT $NWOGPMTCP\ WPVGP 5EJTKHV 0#%* )TCXWT ,#*4'0 OO I *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC 5VGORGNINCP\ 'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \W -CTNUTWJG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5899

&#5 '4<$+567/ -¤.0

-¤.0

,QUGRJ -NGOGPU XQP $C[GTP \WO \YGKVGP /CN 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO XGTOWVNKEJ XQP * NG $TGVQP CWH FKG 6CWHG $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV OKV WOIGNGIVGO -TGW\ &GT 'T\DKUEJQH OKV UGKPGO )GHQNIG VJTQPV PCEJ T KP GKPGT -KTEJG WPF XQNN\KGJV GKPG 6CWHJCPFNWPI OO I 9GKNGT 9KVV 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP CO 4CPF HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP -CORH OKV .QWKU :+8 WO MWTMÌNPKUEJG 5V·FVG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5900

5900 1,5:1

&+' 56#&6 -¤.0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) .G %NGTE CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI FGT 5VCFV HÒT -CKUGT -CTN 8+ &GT -CKUGT KO *CTPKUEJ WPF OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ TGKVGV T KP FGT 4GEJVGP -QOOCPFQUVCD 5VCFVCPUKEJV OKV FGO 4JGKP XQP FGT &GWV\GT 5GKVG CWU IGUGJGP QDGP #FNGT OKV $NKV\ WPF <GRVGT KP FGP (·PIGP OO I 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 9GKNGT 44 2TCEJVXQNNG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

369

LÜBECK

5901

&+' 56#&6 -1056#0<

-1056#0<

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO 9GTMUVCVV *KGTQP[OWU /CIFGDWTIGT CWH FGP 4GHQTOCVQT ,QJCPPGU *WU

Ó $TWUVDKNF XQP ,QJCPPGU *WU T OKV /ÒV\G *WU CWH FGO 5EJGKVGTJCWHGP OO I &QPGD -CV\ 4 8QT\ÒINKEJG 1TKIKPCNRT·IWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5902

&+' 56#&6 .'+2<+)

.'+2<+)

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT 5VTCGPDGNGWEJVWPI KP .GKR\KI 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP .GKR\KI $TGPPGPFG 5VTCGPNCVGTPG N UVGJV GKP 0CEJVY·EJVGT OKV 5EJPWTTG WPF .CP\G T UVGJV GKP KO 5EJGKP FGT .CVGTPG NGUGPFGT 5VWFGPV OO 5NI /GTUGD 9QJNHCJTV 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP $GK FGT 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT 5VTCGPDGNGWEJVWPI KP .GKR\KI KO ,CJTG JCV GU UKEJ PQEJ WO ¤NNCORGP IGJCPFGNV FKG XQP GKPGO 0CEJVY·EJVGT CPIG\ÒPFGV YWTFGP ,GFGPHCNNU YCT GU GKP HTÒJGU &CVWO HÒT FKGUG 0GWGTWPI 'KPG 5VTCGPDGNGWEJVWPI OKV )CU YWTFG GTUVOCNU KP .QPFQP WPF KP 2CTKU GKPIGTKEJVGV +P &GWVUEJNCPF HQNIVG *CPPQXGT WPF $GTNKP OKV )CUNCVGTPGP KP FGP 5VTCGP 5KG DTGKVGVGP UKEJ TCUEJ CWU -GKP 9WPFGT FGPP FKG FWPMNGP 5VTCGP YCTGP XQNNGT )GHCJTGP

3WGNNGP /G[GTU 'P\[MNQR·FKUEJGU .GZKMQP WPF ,QCEJKO 5EJNÌT 0CEJVU KP FGT ITQGP 5VCFV

.+22'

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FGP 8GTINGKEJ XQP 5VCFVJCIGP \YKUEJGP .KRRG &GVOQNF WPF 5EJCWODWTI .KRRG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5903

&+' 56#&6 .ª$'%-

5GEJUGEMKIG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP .ÒDGEM \YKUEJGP -CKUGT (GTFKPCPF ++ WPF &·PGOCTM CO ,WNK 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP 5VGTP WPVGP 2CNO WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI IGMTGW\V 8KGT /·PPGT MPKGP XQT TCWEJGPFGO #NVCT WPF DGVGP QDGP FGT UVTCJNGPFG 0COG ,GJQXCU WPF 4GIGP DQIGP KO #DUEJPKVV ,CJTGU\CJN WPF 5VGTP Z Z OO I 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 4ÌJN FQTV OKV ,CJTGU\CJN (GKPG 2CVKPC IGUVQRHVGU .QEJ UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT 5COONWPI &T &KGVGT &WOONGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT /·T\ 0T

370

.ª$'%-

MAINZ

1,5:1

5904

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 6QF FGU $ÒTIGTOGKUVGTU /CVVJ·WU 4QFFG

$TWUVDKNF FGU $ÒTIGTOGKUVGTU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 9GUVGP QDGP .8$'%# \YKUEJGP (TWEJV IKTNCPFGP FCTÒDGT QXCNGT 5EJKNF \YKUEJGP 2CNO\YGKIGP FCTKP FGT IGMTÌPVG &QRRGNCFNGT OKV 5VCFV YCRRGP CWH FGT $TWUV OO I $GJTGPU 4ÌJN 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

/#)&'$74)

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI XQP /CIFGDWTI XQP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5905

&#5 '4<$+567/ /#+0<

/#+0<

#PUGNO (TCP\ XQP +PIGNJGKO 5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP Q , WO WPUKIPKGTV CWH FCU -WTHÒTUVGPMQNNGIKWO WPF FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT )QNFGPGP $WNNG $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO *GTOGNKP OCPVGN FCXQT FCU OKV FGO -WTJWV DGFGEMVG 9CRRGP /CKP\ +PIGNJGKO \YKUEJGP 2CNO\YGKIGP )GMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT OKV <GRVGT WPF 5EJYGTV KP FGP (·PIGP CWH FGT $TWUV FGT OKV FGO -WTJWV DGFGEMVG $KPFGPUEJKNF CWH FGP 5EJYKPIGP FKG OKV FGO -WTJWV DGFGEMVGP 9CRRGP FGT -WTHÒTUVGP

/CKP\ -ÌNP 2HCN\ $TCPFGPDWTI NKPMU UQYKG 6TKGT $ÌJOGP 5CEJUGP WPF $C[GTP TGEJVU OO I 2T #NGZ 5NI 9CNVJGT p 44 'VYCU HNGEMKIG 2CVKPC $GCTDGKVWPIUURWTGP CO 4CPF HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 371

MECKLENBURG

5906

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV FCTWPVGT #TCDGUMGP &TGKHCEJ DGJGNOVGU XKGTHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP /CKP\ +PIGNJGKO FCJKPVGT 5EJYGTV -TGW\ WPF -TWOOUVCD IGMTGW\V OO I 2T #NGZ 5NI 9CNVJGT \W FQTV CPFGTGU )GYKEJV 44 -N 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &CU XQTNKGIGPFG DCTQEMG 5EJCWUVÒEM \GKEJPGV UKEJ FWTEJ GKP UVCTM GTJCDGPGU 2QTV·V CWU #PUGNO (TCP\ YWTFG CO #RTKN \WO $KUEJQH IGY·JNV 5GKP XQTTCPIKIGU RQNKVKUEJGU <KGN YCT FKG 'KPF·OOWPI FGU *GIGOQPKCNUVTGDGPU FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -ÌPKIU .QWKU :+8 #NU FGUUGP 6TWRRGP VTQV\ FGT FWTEJ #PUGNO DGVTKGDGPGP 2QNKVKM FGU )NGKEJIGYKEJVU CWH /CKP\ OCTUEJKGTVGP ÒDGTNKG GT KJPGP MCORHNQU FKG DGHGUVKIVG 5VCFV WPF HNÒEJVGVG PCEJ 'THWTV #NU /CKP\ GKP ,CJT UR·VGT FWTEJ GKP /CPP \·JNGPFGU 4GKEJUJGGT DGHTGKV YWTFG YCT FKG 5VCFV FWTEJ FKG UEJYGTGP $QODCTFGOGPVU ITÌVGPVGKNU XGTYÒUVGV #PUGNO (TCP\ MTÌPVG FGP 4ÌOKUEJGP -ÌPKI WPF UR·VGTGP -CKUGT ,QUGH + WPF YKTMVG CP FGT GTTKEJVGVGP -WTYÒTFG HÒT *CPPQXGT OKV

5907

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP $GNITCF FWTEJ FKG 4GKEJUVTWRRGP $TWUVDKNF T KP IGKUVNKEJGO 1TPCV &QRRGNCFNGT UVÒT\V CWH *CNDOQPF WPF 9CHHGP OKV \YGK 6ÒTMGPMÌRHGP JGTCD QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG KP 9QNMGP OO I 2T #NGZ XCT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 5NI 9CNVJGT 4CPF WPF (GNFGT NGKEJV ÒDGTCTDGKVGV UGJT UEJÌP 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG $GNCIGTWPI XQP /CKP\ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5908

/'%-.'0$74) &#5 )4155*'4<1)67/ /'%-.'0$74) 5%*9'4+0

(TKGFTKEJ (TCP\ ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * 9KNEM CWH FGP 0GWDCW FGU 5EJYGTKPGT 5EJNQUUGU #PUKEJV FGU CNVGP 5EJNQUUGU XQP FGT 5GGUGKVG #PUKEJV FGU PGWGP 5EJNQUUGU XQP FGT 5VCFVUGKVG OO I -WP\GN 5NI )CGVVGPU *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

372

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK )CFGDWUEJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T /GFCKNNGP OKV FGO 2QTVT·V FGT RTGWKUEJGP -ÌPKIKP .WKUG 2TKP\GUUKP XQP /GEMNGPDWTI 5VTGNKV\ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

MOERS

5909

&+' )4#(5%*#(6 /1'45

/1'45

*GTOCPP XQP 0GWGPCJT 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG PCEJ GKPGT 8QTNCIG XQP , ,QPIJGNKPEM CWH UGKPG 5EJYGUVGT #PPC 9CNDWTIC XQP 0GWGPCJT

Ó TGI WPF KJTGP )GOCJN 2JKNKRR XQP /QPVOQTGPE[ )TCH XQP *QQTP TGI $TWUVDKNF #PPCU N OKV 5EJNGKGT WPF ITQGT *CNUMTCWUG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF 2JKNKRRU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I 5NI 8KGNJCDGT /QGTU KP 0WOOKU FQTV KP $NGK X .QQP + 5 5R·VGTGT )W XGTOWVNKEJ FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU (GNFGT \KUGNKGTV UGJT UEJÌP

5910

#PPC 9CNDWTIC 5KNDGTPGT ,GVQP WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP /QGTU WPF #NRGP FWTEJ /QTKV\ XQP 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG TGI &CU IGMTÌPVG 9CRRGP XQP <GGNCPF <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTÒDGT 6WTO \YKUEJGP \YGK -WIGNP OO I &WIPKQNNG 5NI 8KGNJCDGT /QGTU KP 0WOOKU p X .QQP + 5 44 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5911

1,5:1

/QTKV\ XQP 1TCPKGP 5KNDGTPGT ,GVQP KO )GYKEJV GKPGU 6CNGTU CWH FCU 'PFG FGT $GNCIGTWPI WPF UGKPG 2TQMNCOCVKQP \WO )TCHGP XQP /QGTU )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF HCUV X X OKV FGT 4GEJVGP FCU 5EJYGTV UEJWNVGTPF FKG .KPMG KP FKG *ÒHVG IGUVGOOV )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP OO I &WIPKQNNG 5NI 8KGNJCDGT /QGTU KP 0WOOKU X .QQP + 5 NGKEJV XCT 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 9CNDWTIC XQP 0GWGPCJT )T·HKP XQP /QGTU XGTUVCTD KO ,CJTG 0CEJ KJTGO 6QF DGUGV\VG FGT *GT\QI XQP ,ÒNKEJ -NGXG FKG 5VCFV /QGTU &GT VGUVCOGPVCTKUEJ CNU 0CEJHQNIGT GKPIGUGV\VG 5VCVVJCNVGT /QTKV\ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP TÒEMVG FCTCWHJKP OKV GKPGO -TKGIUJGGT IGIGP FGP *GT\QI XQP ,ÒNKEJ -NGXG WPF MQPPVG FKG 5VCFV /QGTU MCORHNQU XQP FGT $GNCIGTWPI DGHTGKGP

373

MÜNSTER

5912

/ª056'4 &+' 56#&6 /ª056'4

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' -GVVGNGT CWH FGP 5RCPKUEJ 0KGFGTN·PFKUEJGP (TKGFGP CO ,CPWCT KP /ÒPUVGT 2CZ OKV (ÒNNJQTP WPF /GTMWTUVCD UKV\V PCEJ T KP 5QPPGPYCIGP FGT XQP \YGK IGMTÌPVGP .ÌYGP OKV <GRVGT 5RCPKGP WPF 2HGKNDÒPFGN 0KGFGTNCPFG IG\QIGP YKTF CO $QFGP XGTUVTGWVG 9CHHGP <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I &GVJ 1TF 2CZ KP 0WOOKU XCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG 8QTFGTUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV FKGUGT WPF FGT HQNIGPFGP /GFCKNNG GPVJ·NV FCU 8GTIKN <KVCV '6 +80%6+ %8448/ &1/+0 58$+'4' .'10'5 7PF OKVGKPCPFGT XGTGKPV NCUUGP UKEJ FKG .ÌYGP XQT FGP 9CIGP FGT *GTTKP URCPPGP 8GTIKN #GPGKU NKD +++ ECR &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPKPUEJTKHV NCWVGV OKV NGKEJVGP 8CTKCVKQPGP 2#%+5 (1'.+%+6#5 14$+ %*4+56+#01 38# 4'56+686# 38# #& +0%+6#/'068 &'/10564#6# 616 4')0+5 '6 2418+0%++5 #& 8648/38' 1%'#08/ 6'44# /#4+38' 2#46# 5'%84+6#5 64#038+..+6#6+5 28$.+% 52' '6 8161 /10#56'4; 9'562*# #001 /&%:.8+++

&CU (TKGFGPUINÒEM KUV KP FGT EJTKUVNKEJGP 9GNV \WO #PURQTP YKGFGTJGTIGUVGNNV WPF UKEJVDCT IGYQTFGP FKG 5KEJGTJGKV KUV GTTWPIGP YQTFGP HÒT UQ XKGNG 5VCCVGP WPF 2TQXKP\GP \W DGKFGP 5GKVGP FGT 5QPPG WPF \W DGKFGP 5GKVGP FGU /GGTGU \W 9CUUGT WPF \W .CPFG /KV FGT *QHHPWPI WPF FGO 9WPUEJ PCEJ CNNIGOGKPGT 4WJG /ÒPUVGT 9GUVHCNGP KO ,CJTG

5913

374

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ' -GVVGNGT CWH FGP 5RCPKUEJ 0KGFGTN·PFKUEJGP (TKGFGP CO ,CPWCT KP /ÒPUVGT 2CZ OKV (ÒNNJQTP WPF /GTMWTUVCD UKV\V PCEJ T KP 5QPPGPYCIGP FGT XQP \YGK IGMTÌPVGP .ÌYGP OKV <GRVGT 5RCPKGP WPF 2HGKNDÒPFGN 0KGFGTNCPFG IG\QIGP YKTF CO $QFGP XGTUVTGWVG 9CHHGP <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I &GVJ 1TF 2CZ KP 0WOOKU p X .QQP p

\W ++ 5 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

MÜNSTER

5914

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' -GVVGNGT CWH FGP 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP XQP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM CO 1MVQDGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO 1MVQDGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP /ÒPUVGT FCTÒDGT 'PIGN OKV 2CNO\YGKI WPF 2QUCWPG CWU FGT 2#: GTVÌPV WPF 'PIGN OKV .QTDGGT\YGKI WPF -TCP\ <YGK CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG FCJKPVGT \YGK (ÒNNJÌTPGT WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI CO $QFGP XGTUVTGWVG 9CHHGP QDGP FGT UVTCJNGPFG 0COG ,GJQXCU OO I &GVJ 1TF 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 5GKV #PHCPI VTCHGP UKEJ )GUCPFVG CNNGT MTKGIUHÒJTGPFGP 2CTVGKGP KP FGP YGUVH·NKUEJGP 5V·FVGP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM \W (TKGFGPUXGTJCPFNWPIGP YQDGK KP 1UPCDTÒEM FGT -CKUGT FKG KP FKG MCVJQNKUEJGP WPF RTQVGUVCPVKUEJGP .CIGT IGJÌTGPFGP 4GKEJUUV·PFG UQYKG 5EJYGFGP WPF KP /ÒPUVGT FGT -CKUGT (TCPMTGKEJ WPF FKG ÒDTKIGP CO -TKGI DGVGKNKIVGP /·EJVG XGTJCPFGNVGP (TCPMTGKEJ WPF 5EJYGFGP JCVVGP DGTGKVU DGUEJNQUUGP PWT IGOGKPUCO (TKGFGP \W UEJNKGGP #WH UEJYGFKUEJGT 5GKVG YWTFGP FKG 8GTJCPFNWPIGP XQP #FNGT 5CNXKWU WPF ,QJCP 1ZGPUVKGTPC FGT 5QJP FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP 4GKEJUMCP\NGTU #ZGN 1ZGPUVKGTPC IGNGKVGV 0CEJ FTGKGKPJCND ,CJTGP YWTFG FGT 9GUVH·NKUEJG (TKGFG GPFNKEJ CO 1MVQDGT KP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM WPVGT\GKEJPGV 5EJYGFGP GTJKGNV 8QTRQOOGTP OKV FGP +PUGNP 4ÒIGP 7UGFQO WPF 9QNNKP 6GKNG XQP *KPVGTRQOOGTP 9KUOCT FCU CWU FGO 'T\DKUVWO $TGOGP IGDKNFGVG *GT\QIVWO $TGOGP WPF 8GTFGP UQYKG GKPG -TKGIUGPVUEJ·FKIWPI XQP /KNNKQPGP 4GKEJUVCNGTP #O ,WPK YWTFG FKG MQPMTGVG 7OUGV\WPI FGT (TKGFGPUDGUVKOOWPIGP KO (TKGFGPUGZGMWVKQPUTG\G XQP 0ÒTPDGTI DGUEJNQUUGP

5915

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' -GVVGNGT CWH FGP 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP /ÒPUVGT FCTÒDGT 5VTCJNGP WPF GKPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF OKV ¤N WPF 2CNO\YGKI 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV \YKUEJGP 2CNO WPF ¤N\YGKI QDGP \YGK CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG FCTÒDGT FGT UVTCJNGPFG 0COG ,GJQXCU OO I &GVJ 1TF 2CZ KP 0WOOKU (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5916

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ' -GVVGNGT CWH FGP 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP /ÒPUVGT XQP 5ÒFYGUVGP FCTÒDGT /10#56 9'562* \YKUEJGP .QTDGGT WPF 2CNO\YGKI &TGK 6CWDGP FKG FGP -CKUGT (TCPMTGKEJ WPF 5EJYGFGP XGTMÌTRGTP JCNVGP OKV KJTGP 5EJP·DGNP LG GKPGP ¤N\YGKI ÒDGT GKP -KUUGP CWH FGO -TQPG WPF <GRVGT NKGIGP OO I &GVJ 1TF 2CZ KP 0WOOKU

FQTV KP )QNF *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W /ÒPUVGT WPF \WO 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 375

NÜRNBERG

5917

&#5 $+567/ 0#7/$74)

0#7/$74)

5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP 0CWODWTIGT $KUEJQHUUVTGKV XQP &QRRGNMQRH 2CRUV WPF 6GWHGN &QRRGNMQRH -CTFKPCN WPF 0CTT OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 5NI 9JKVKPI (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5918

&+' 56#&6 0ª40$'4)

5920

5919

0ª40$'4)

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT /QNNGT CWH FCU 5VÒEMUEJKGGP #PUKEJV FGU 5EJKGRNCV\GU OKV XKGT -CPQPGP \YGK $ÌNNGTP WPF FGO <KGN LGPUGKVU FGT 2GIPKV\ KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG 5VCFVCPUKEJV QDGP IGMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV 5EJYGTV <GRVGT WPF FTGK 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT FKG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG FGT UKGDGP NVGUVGP FGU 4CVU OO I 5NI 'TNCPIGT 4 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP $TWUVDKNF /CTVKP .WVJGTU

Ó T 2CNOG KP (NWNCPFUEJCHV OO I (QTUVGT 5NI 'TNCPIGT ++ 5NI 9JKVKPI 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T #WU FGT *CWUUCOONWPI FGT (ÒTUVGP \W 5QNOU *QJGPUQNOU .KEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 2 9GTPGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 4GNKIKQPUHTKGFGPU &KG IGJCTPKUEJVGP $TWUVDKNFGT FGT -CKUGT -CTN 8 WPF (TCP\ + OKV WOIGNGIVGP /·PVGNP GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT <YGK KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG ÒDGT #NVCT CWH FGO GKPG 7TMWPFG NKGIV OO I 5NI 'TNCPIGT 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 5NI 9JKVKPI 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

376

NÜRNBERG

5921

1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , %JT 4GKEJ CWH FKG ªDGTUEJYGOOWPI FGT 5VCFV WPF FKG 9CUUGTPQV KP 'WTQRC #PUKEJV FGT ÒDGTHNWVGVGP 5VCFV KO 9CUUGT VTGKDGPFG *CWUVGKNG UEJYKOOGPFG /GPUEJGP WPF $QQVG KO *KPVGTITWPF N 4GIGPDQIGP 5GIGNUEJKHH OKV DGVGPFGT )GUVCNV N KP 9GNNGP KO *KPVGTITWPF #PUKEJV GKPGT 5VCFV OO I 5NI $TGVVCWGT 5NI 'TNCPIGT FQTV KP <KPP 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5922

5KNDGTPG 5VGEMOGFCKNNG XQP , 6 5VGVVPGT CWH FKG 6GWGTWPI WPF FCU 'PFG FGT *WPIGTUPQV *WPIGTPFG (COKNKG WPVGT $CWO $GVGPFGT .CPFOCPP KP HTWEJVDCTGT .CPFUEJCHV GTJ·NV XQP GKPGO /·FEJGP GKPGP 'TPVGMTCP\ QDGP 'PIGN OO +PJCNV \WO 6GKN OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPG FQRRGN UGKVKIG MQNQTKGTVG -WRHGTUVKEJG WPF $GUEJTGKDWPIGP FCXQP \GKIGP XKGT FCU 0QVLCJT WPF XKGT FCU IWVG ,CJT KP FGP &GEMGNKPPGPUGKVGP DGHKPFGP UKEJ \YGK GKPIGMNGDVG UEJYCT\ YGKG -WRHGTUVKEJG 6CDGNNG OKV DC[GTKUEJGP 2TGKUXGTINGKEJGP 6CDGNNG OKV DC[GTKUEJGO 2TGKUXGTINGKEJ 2TGNGT 5NI 'TNCPIGT (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

377

PFALZ

5923

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * 5VTÌDGN 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT CWH FKG $·EMGTGKCWUUVGNNWPI XQO ,WPK CPN·NKEJ FGU L·JTKIGP 5VKHVWPIUHGUVGU FGT $·EMGTJGTDGTIG 0ÒTPDGTI WPF FGU 8GTDCPFUVCIGU IGYGTDGVTGKDGPFGT $·EMGTOGKUVGT FGT FTGK HT·PMKUEJGP -TGKUG 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP 9GUVGP QDGP IGMTÌPVGU DC[GTKUEJGU 9CRRGP \YKUEJGP FGO WPF 5VCFVYCRRGP <YGK .ÌYGP OKV IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP JCNVGP GKPG IGMTÌPVG $TG\GN OO 'TNCPIGT FQTV KP $TQP\G 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

1.&'0$74)

/GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 1NFGPDWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5924

&+' 56#&6 2#2'0$74)

2#2'0$74)

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG FGT #UUGEWTCP\ %QORCIPKG 2CRGPDWTI 5GIGN UEJKHH KP 5GGPQV N -ÒUVG OKV .GWEJVVWTO QDGP 5EJTKHV 64156 +0 )'(#*4 8KMVQTKC UEJYGDV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV KP FGT 4GEJVGP 2CNO\YGKI KP FGT .KPMGP .QTDGGTMTCP\ /KV 4CPFITCXWT ( 9 /';'4 OO I #TDGT %QEJ 44 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5925

&#5 -74(ª456'067/ 2(#.<

2(#.<

(TKGFTKEJ +8 1XCNG XGTIQNFGVG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG Q , ITCXKGTV XQP % FG NC %NQEJG 2CVGPRHGPPKI HÒT ,QJCPP 4WFQNH XQP .GKPKPIGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 5KGDGP <GKNGP )TCXWT +1*#0 48&1.(( 810 .'+0+0)'0 Û 0# 685 Û <+ Û +8.++ #001 Û Û ': &101 *'+04+%+ 64+)'.++ Û 2 Û FCTWPVGT NKNKGPCTVKIG 8GT\KGTWPI Z OO I 5NI /GOOGUJ FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT 5VGORGT #PO FKGUGU 'ZGORNCT GTY·JPV 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT UEJÌPGT )W 'ZGORNCT FGT /CZ 4KVVGT XQP 9KNOGTUFÌTHH UEJGP 5COONWPI #WMVKQP , *CODWTIGT (TCPMHWTV /CKP 0T )QNFOCTM

'KPG /GFCKNNG OKV FGO 2QTVT·V XQP 5QRJKC 6QEJVGT FGU 9KPVGTMÌPKIU (TKGFTKEJ 8 HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 378

PFALZ

5926

-CTN .WFYKI 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , .KPEM CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP /CTKC 5WUCPPC .Q[UC .WKUG XQP &GIGPHGNF

$TWUVDKNF .WKUGU N #PVKM IGMNGKFGVG YGKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UVGJV X X FGP -QRH PCEJ N IGYCPFV KP FGT .KPMGP 5EJNCPIGPUVCD OKV FGT 4GEJVGP J·NV UKG GKPG 5EJCNG ÒDGT GKPGP HNCOOGPFGP #NVCT OO I 5VGORGT 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV UEJÌPGT 2CVKPC

5927

2JKNKRR 9KNJGNO 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) *CWVUEJ CWH FGP 'KPHCNN FGT (TCP\QUGP KP FKG 2HCN\ 2NÒPFGTPFG 5QNFCVGP KP .CPFUEJCHV KO *KPVGTITWPF 6TWRRGP WPF FKG (GUVWPIGP XQP 2JKNKRRU DWTI -QDNGP\ WPF *GKFGNDGTI &TGK YGKDNKEJG #NNGIQTKGP JCNVGP UKEJ CP FGP *·PFGP .KPMU FKG 2GTUQPK HKMCVKQP FGT .KGDG FKG GKPGP 5EJKNF OKV FTGK *GT\GP VT·IV T FKG 2GTUQPKHKMCVKQP FGT 'KPKIMGKV OKV GKPGO 2HGKNDÒPFGN KP FGT .KPMGP FKG OKVVNGTG KO *CDKV FGT /KPGTXC CNU 8GTMÌTRGTWPI FGT 5VCPFJCHVKIMGKV XQT KJT UVGJV GKP \WTÒEMDNKEMGPFGT #FNGT OKV $NKV\ KO TGEJVGP (CPI KO *KPVGTITWPF 5·WNG OO I 5VGORGT 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5928

5928 1,5:1

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( CWH FKG 8GTYÒUVWPI FGT 2HCN\ FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP &GT (NWIQVV FGU 4JGKPU NCIGTV X X KP 4JGKPNCPFUEJCHV FGP TGEJVGP #TO CWH 3WGNNWTPG IGUVÒV\V KP FGT .KPMGP 5EJTKHV DCPF KO *KPVGTITWPF DTGPPGPFG (GUVWPIGP &GT (NWIQVV FGT &QPCW NCIGTV PCEJ T KP WPICTKUEJGT .CPF UEJCHV KO TGEJVGP #TO FGP GT CWH GKPG 3WGNNWTPG UVÒV\V J·NV GT GKP 5VGWGTTWFGT KP FGT .KPMGP 5EJTKHV DCPF KO *KPVGTITWPF DTGPPGPFG (GUVWPIGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I 5NI /GOOGUJ 5VGORGT p 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC (GNFGT NGKEJV RQNKGTV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

379

POMMERN

5929

1,5:1

,QJCPP 9KNJGNO 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP , 5OGNV\KPI CWH FKG 2NÒPFGTWPI FGT -WTHÒTUVGPIT·DGT KP *GKFGNDGTI FWTEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5QNFCVGP $ÒUVG FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -ÌPKIU .QWKU :+8 T (TCP\ÌUKUEJG 5QNFCVGP DGK FGT )TCDUEJ·PFWPI OO I /¾FCKNNGU HTCP¼CKUGU p 5NI /GOOGUJ p 5VGORGT p X .QQP +8 5 44 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 2(#.< 0'7$74)

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI FGT 2TKP\GUUKP #PPC /CTKC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5930

5930 1,5:1

21//'40 &#5 *'4<1)67/ 21//'40 706'4 5%*9'&'0

380

-CTN :+ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP 4 (CNV\ CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP )GPGTCN WPF )GPGTCNIQWXGTPGWT UQYKG (GNFOCTUEJCNN XQP 2QOOGTP WPF 'UVNCPF )TCH 0KNU $KGNMG CH MGTÌ

Ó )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF $KGNMGU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 'KPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF OKV (CEMGN OO I *KNFGDTCPF 5 5NI 2QIIG 5VGIWYGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

REGENSBURG

1,5:1

5931

&+' 56#&6 4#6<'$74)

4#6<'$74)

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # /G[DWUEJ CWH FKG F·PKUEJG $GNCIGTWPI FGT 5VCFV 4CV\GDWTI &KG CWH GKPGT +PUGN KO 4CV\GDWTIGT 5GG IGNGIGPG 5VCFV YKTF XQP CNNGP 5GKVGP DGUEJQUUGP 'KP 4Q KO +PPGTGP GKPGU $QNNYGTMU N OKV \WTÒEMIGYCPFVGO -QRH UEJN·IV OKV UGKPGP *KPVGTJWHGP GKPG $TGUEJG KP FKG 7OYGJTWPI OO I )CNUVGT .CPIG WGTUV UGNVGP #VVTCMVKXG FWPMNG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI )GQTI $CWOU #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5932

&+' 56#&6 4')'05$74)

4')'05$74)

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * ) $CJTG ! CWH FGP 4GKEJUVCI KP 4GIGPUDWTI $TWUVDKNF (GTFKPCPFU +++ T OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ QDGP -TQPG WPVGP FGT 4GIGPUDWTIGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF KP -CTVWUEJG \W FGP 5GKVGP MNGKP FKG 5KIPCVWT *) $4 (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP -TCP\ QDGP IGMTÌPVGT &QRRGNCFNGT WOJGT 9CRRGPMTGKU DGUVGJGPF CWU FGP 9CRRGP FGT UKGDGP -WTHÒTUVGP OO I 2NCVQ 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ

FQTV KO CPFGTGP )GYKEJV 4 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 4GIGPUDWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 381

SACHSEN

5933

5933 1,5:1

5#%*5'0 &#5 -74(ª456'067/ 5#%*5'0

(TKGFTKEJ +++ FGT 9GKUG $TGKVGT )WNFGPITQUEJGP Q , PCEJ OKV 6KVGN /CZKOKNKCPU + CWH FKG )GPGTCNUVCVVJCNVGTYÒTFG 5VGORGN XQP 7NTKEJ 7TUGPVJCNGT F (4+& Ú &8: Û 5#: 9CRRGP UEJKNF '.'%6 Û +/2'4 9CRRGPUEJKNF 38' Û .1%8/ Ù 6'0 9CRRGPUEJKNF ' 5 Ù )'0'4#

9CRRGPUEJKNF )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV &TCJVJCWDG CWH FGO *CTPKUEJ +*5 Ù /#4+#

8GT\KGTWPI Û /#:+/+.+#085 Û 8GT\KGTWPI Û 41/#0148/ Û 8GT\KGTWPI Û 4': Û g Û 5'/2'4 g #8)856 Û 4GKEJUCFNGT FGP -QRH PCEJ N IGYCPFV CWH FGT $TWUV \YGKHGNFKIGT 9CRRGPUEJKNF OO I &CX XIN 5EJPGG 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGO 2T·IGINCP\ XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG XQTNKGIGPFG 4GPCKUUCPEGRT·IWPI DG\KGJV UKEJ CWH FKG )GPGTCNUVCVVJCNVGTYÒTFG FKG FGO -WTHÒTUVGP CO #WIWUV XQP -ÌPKI /CZKOKNKCP + CWH FGO 4GKEJUVCI XQP -QPUVCP\ ÒDGTVTCIGP YQTFGP YCT 0CEJFGO /CZKOKNKCP + XQP UGKPGT CO (GDTWCT KP 6TKGPV GTHQNIVGP 9CJN \WO TÌOKUEJGP -CKUGT \WTÒEMIGMGJTV YCT GTNQUEJ FCU 5VCVVJCNVGTCOV (TKGFTKEJU FGU 9GKUGP +JO YWTFG CDGT GJTGPJCNDGT IGUVCVVGV FGP 6KVGN FGU )GPGTCNUVCVVJCNVGTU CWH .GDGPU\GKV \W HÒJTGP &GT XQTNKGIGPFG )WNFGPITQUEJGP IGJÌTV KP GKPG 5GTKG XQP TGRT·UGPVCVKXGP 2T·IWPIGP FKG FCU #OV JGTXQTJGDGP /KV FGP 5VGORGNP FKGUGU )WNFKPGTU UQNNVGP WTURTÒPINKEJ &QRRGNUVÒEMG IGRT·IV YGTFGP -CKUGT /CZKOKNKCP JCVVG CWEJ FQRRGNVG )WNFGPITQUEJGP WPF )QNFCDUEJN·IG KP #WHVTCI IGIGDGP 'U N·V UKEJ JGWVG PKEJV OGJT HGUVUVGNNGP QD FKG GKPHCEJGP )WNFKPGT KP FGT /ÒP\UV·VVG *CNN IGRT·IV YWTFGP QFGT KP &TGUFGP PCEJ UR·VGT GTHQNIVGT ªDGTUGPFWPI FGT 5VGORGN PCEJ 5CEJUGP

5934

,QJCPP (TKGFTKEJ FGT )TQOÒVKIG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV * 4GKPJCTV FGU NVGTGP *ÒHVDKNF HCUV X X OKV WOIGNGIVGO 2GN\OCPVGN IGUEJWNVGTVGO 5EJYGTV WPF 5EJKNF &TGKHCEJ DGJGNOVGU TGKEJ XGT\KGTVGU 9CRRGP OO I *CDKEJ ++ 5NI /GTUGD #VVTCMVKXG 2CVKPC HGKP \KUGNKGTV MN 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &CU 2QTVT·V FGU -WTHÒTUVGP CWH FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG IGJV CWH GKPGP *QN\UEJPKVV XQP .WECU %TCPCEJ F

WO \WTÒEM

382

SACHSEN

1,5:1

5935

5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV 9GTMUVCVV 0 /KNKE\ CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK /ÒJNDGTI &KG $TWUVDKNFGT FGT $TÒFGT -CTN 8 WPF (GTFKPCPF + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT KP 5·WNGPJCNNG KO #DUEJPKVV 'PIGN OKV \YGK 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP #PUKEJV FGT 5EJNCEJV CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG QDGP WPF WPVGP LG \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I -CV\ 5NI /GTUGD 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5EJCTHGT \GKVIGPÌUUKUEJGT )W XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP .CWIYKV\ WPF /GP\GN $GTNKP 0T &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK /ÒJNDGTI CP FGT 'NDG CO #RTKN YCT FKG 'PVUEJGKFWPIUUEJNCEJV FGU 5EJOCNMCNFKUEJGP -TKGIGU KP FGT FCU MCKUGTNKEJG *GGT FKG 6TWRRGP FGT KO 5EJOCNMCNFKUEJGP $WPF \WUCOGPIGUEJNQUUGPGP RTQVGUVCPVKUEJGP (ÒTUGP DGUKGIVGP &GT U·EJUKUEJG -WTHÒTUV ,QJCPP (TKGFTKEJ FGT )TQOÒVKIG YWTFG XGTNGV\V WPF IGHCPIGPIGPQOOGP 'T XGTNQT FKG -WTYÒTFG CP *GT\QI /QTKV\ XQP FGT CNDGTVKPKUEJGP .KPKG WPF DNKGD DKU KP )GHCPIGPUEJCHV &KG 0KGFGTNCIG DGK /ÒJNDGTI YCT CWEJ FCU 'PFG FGU 5EJOCNMCNFKUEJGP $WPFGU

383

SACHSEN

5936

384

SACHSEN

,QJCPP (TKGFTKEJ FGT )TQOÒVKIG WPF /QTKV\ 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG XQP *CPU 4GKPJCTV F &TGKHCNVKIMGKVUOGFCKNNG QFGT /QTKV\RHGPPKI 24126'4 5%'.85 2128 .+ /'+ 2'4%8 55+ '8/ DNWOGPCTVKIG 8GT\KGTWPI '5#+ .+++ ,GUCLC 'T KUV WO FGT /KUUGVCV OGKPGU 8QNMGU YKNNGP IGUEJNCIGP YQTFGP 6JTQPGPFGT )QVVXCVGT KO MCKUGTNKEJGP 1TPCV OKV -TQPG <GRVGT WPF 4GKEJUCRHGN XQT KJO FCU HTGKG CWHIGNÌVGVG -TW\KHKZ OKV FGT 6CWDG FGU *GKNKIGP )GKUVGU \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP DGVGPFGT 'PIGN WPF 'PIGNUMÌRHG 4')0#06' /#84+6+1 & ) &8%' 5#:10+ \E )41558/ *80% .+25+ *4 MWTUKX XGTDWPFGP %8&'$#6 #0Q / & :.++++ /'05' +#08 #NU /QTKV\ FWTEJ )QVVGU )PCFG *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP TGIKGTVG JCV * 4 FKGUGP )TQUUWU KP .GKR\KI IGUEJNCIGP +O ,CJTG KO /QPCV ,CPWCT #WH GKPGT XQP \YGK 'PIGNP IGJCNVGPGP 6CHGN FCU CVJCPCUKCPKUEJG )NCWDGPUDGMGPPVPKU KP <GKNGP FCTÒDGT 5EJKNF OKV +*5 OO I *CDKEJ :: 'KP /GKUVGTYGTM FGT FGWVUEJGP /GFCKNNGPMWPUV CP CNVGO *GPMGN 2TCEJVXQNNG XQT\ÒINKEJG #TDGKV *CPU 4GKPJCTV FGT NVGTG IGJÌTV \W FGP CWGTIGYÌJPNKEJUVGP -ÒPUVNGTP FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU #DUGKVU FGT DGMCPPVGP <GPVTGP FGWVUEJGT /GFCKNNGPRT·IGMWPUV 0ÒTPDGTI WPF #WIUDWTI UEJWH GT KPPGTJCND GKPGU XGTINGKEJUYGKUG MWT\GP <GKVTCWOU OGKUVGTJCHVG /GFCKNNGP OKV FGP 2QTVT·VU UGKPGT DGFGWVGPFGP <GKVIGPQUUGP W C -CTFKPCN #NDTGEJV XQP $TCPFGPDWTI -WTHÒTUV ,QJCPP (TKGFTKEJ XQP 5CEJUGP WPF -CKUGT -CTN 8 WPF OKV TGNKIKÌU DKDNKUEJGP $G\ÒIGP 5ÒPFGPHCNN /QUGU CO &QTPDWUEJ QFGT -TGW\KIWPI &CDGK KUV ÒDGT FGP .GDGPUYGI FKGUGU -ÒPUVNGTU PWT YGPKI DGMCPPV 8GTOWVNKEJ WO YWTFG GT KP &TGUFGP QFGT 6QTICW IGDQTGP WPF KUV CNU $ÒTIGT XQP .GKR\KI UEJTKHVNKEJ DG\GWIV &QTV YWTFG KJO FKG #WHPCJOG KP FKG )QNF WPF 5KNDGTUEJOKGFG\WPHV \WP·EJUV XGTYGKIGTV FC GT PWT GKP 6KUEJNGT WPF )TQUEJGPIKGGT IGYGUGP UGK 5Q OWUUVG *CPU 4GKPJCTV \WP·EJUV GKPG HÒPHL·JTKIG )QNFUEJOKGFGNGJTG CDUQNXKGTGP $KU \W UGKPGO 6QF KO ,CJTG UEJWH GT YGPKIUVGPU FWTEJ 5KIPCVWT IGUKEJGTVG #TDGKVGP 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP NCUUGP UKEJ KJO QFGT UGKPGT 9GTMUVCVV UVKNKUVKUEJ \WQTFPGP +P FGP GT ,CJTGP JCV 4GKPJCTV FCTÒDGT JKPCWU CNU FGMQTCVKXGT *QN\DKNFJCWGT CP XGTUEJKGFGPGP OKVVGNFGWVUEJGP WPF U·EJUKUEJGP 5EJNQUUDCWVGP IGYKTMV 1HHGPUKEJVNKEJ DGJGTTUEJVG GT CNUQ UQYQJN FCU *CPFYGTM FGU *QN\UEJPKV\GTU YKG FCU FGU )QNF WPF 5KNDGTUEJOKGFGU 5GKPG QHVOCNU OKV FGO /QPQITCOO *4 UKIPKGTVGP #TDGKVGP IGUVCNVGVG GT YKGFGTJQNV PCEJ $KNFGTP FGU /CNGTU WPF )TCRJKMGTU .WECU %TCPCEJ F +O )GIGPUCV\ \W FGP OGKUVGP -ÒPUVNGTP UGKPGT <GKV CTDGKVGVG 4GKPJCTV F CDGT DGUQPFGTU KPPQXCVKX OKV FGT 'KPCTDGKVWPI XQNNRNCUVKUEJGT /KPKCVWTUMWNRVWTGP WPF CWHIGNÌVGVGT 'KP\GNGNGOGPVG YKG CWEJ DGK FGO XQTNKGIGPFGP 'ZGORNCT -TW\KHKZ $CTVNQEMGP 6CWDG WPF <GRVGT &KG &TGKHCNVKIMGKVUOGFCKNNG XQP UVGNNV PKEJV PWT FCU *CWRVYGTM FGU 4GPCKUUCPEGMÒPUVNGTU FCT UQPFGTP DKNFGV \WINGKEJ CWEJ FGP MTÌPGPFGP #DUEJNW UGKPGU /GFCKNNGPUEJCHHGPU FCU YQJN OKV FGT #WHPCJOG KP FKG .GKR\KIGT )QNFUEJOKGFG\WPHV GPFGVG &KGUGU CWGTIGYÌJPNKEJG 5EJCWUVÒEM GTKPPGTV CP FKG DGUQPFGTU XQP *GT\QI /QTKV\ XQT FGO #WUDTWEJ FGU 5EJOCNMCNFKUEJGP -TKGIGU DGVTKGDGPGP MQPHGUUKQPGNNGP 'KPKIWPIUDGUVTGDWPIGP \YKUEJGP -CVJQNKMGP WPF 2TQVGUVCPVGP HÒT FKG FCU #VJCPCUKCPKUEJG $GMGPPVPKU GKPG IGGKIPGVG )TWPFNCIG \W DKGVGP UEJKGP 9CT FQEJ FKG 6TKPKV·VUNGJTG HÒT DGKFG -QPHGUUKQPGP GKP IGOGKPUCOGT )NCWDGPUUCV\ &GT ITKGEJKUEJG -KTEJGPXCVGT #VJCPCUKWU YCT FGT $GITÒPFGT FGT .GJTG XQP FGT 'KPJGKV )QVVGU WPF FGT )QVVJGKV %JTKUVK IGYGUGP &KG 6CHGNKPUEJTKHV *#'% '56 (+&'5 %#6*1.+%# 86 808/ &'8/ +0 64+0+6#6' '6 64+0+6#6'/ +0 80+6#6' 8'0'4'/84 KUV FGO FTKVVGP 5CV\ FGU #VJCPCUKCPKUEJGP )NCWDGPUDGMGPPVPKU GPVNGJPV FKG HQNIGPFGP 9QTVG DKU /#+'56#5 FGO HÒPHVGP WPF UGEJUVGP 5CV\ FGUUGNDGP OKV WPYGUGPVNKEJGT 7OUVGNNWPI FGT 5EJNW 1 8'0'4#0&# WUY KUV NCWV 9KNJGNO 'TPUV 6GPV\GN GKP 5GWH\GT FGT CNVGP -KTEJG WPF NCWV -CTN &QOCPKI GKPGO MKTEJNKEJGP *[OPWU GPVPQOOGP &KG ªDGTUGV\WPI FGT +PUEJTKHV NCWVGV PCEJ 9KNJGNO 'TPUV 6GPV\GN &KGU KUV FGT TGEJVG EJTKUVNKEJG )NCWDG FC YKT GKPGP GKPKIGP )QVV KP FTGK 2GTUQPGP WPF FTGK 2GTUQPGP KP GKPKIGT )QVVJGKV GJTGP 'KPG CPFGTG 2GTUQP KUV FGT 8CVGT GKPG CPFGTG FGT 5QJP GKPG CPFGTG FGT *GKNKIG )GKUV #DGT FGT 8CVGT 5QJP WPF *GKNKIGT )GKUV UKPF JKGT '56 KUV GKPKIGT )QVV INGKEJ KP FGT *GTTNKEJMGKV INGKEJ KP GYKIGT /CLGUV·V 1J &W JQEJIGNQDVG 'KPKIMGKV 1J &W CPDGVWPIUYÒTFKIG &TGKGKPKIMGKV &WTEJ FKEJ UKPF YKT GTUEJCHHGP &W YCJTG 'YKIMGKV &WTEJ &KEJ UKPF YKT GTNÌUV &W JÌEJUVG .KGDG &KEJ DGVGP YKT CP &W #NNO·EJVKIGT &KT UKPIGP YKT &KT UGK .QD WPF 'JTG &KG 8QTNCIGP \WT )GUVCNVWPI FGT /GFCKNNG GPVUVCOOGP FGT )TCRJKM WPF $CWRNCUVKM FGU U·EJUKUEJGP 4CWOGU \W $GIKPP FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU 5QYQJN GKP *QN\UEJPKVV XQP .WECU %TCPCEJ F CWU 9KVVGPDGTI WO CNU CWEJ FKG 5EJÌPG 6ÒT CP FGT #PPGPMKTEJG KP #PPCDGTI WPF FCU 2QTVCN FGT 5EJNQUUMKTEJG XQP %JGOPKV\ XQP *CPU 9KVVGP WO PCEJ \GKIGP FCU /QVKX KP NGKEJV CDIGYCPFGNVGT (QTO *CPU 4GKPJCTV F FÒTHVG FWTEJ UGKPG #TDGKV CNU *QN\UEJPKV\GT KO U·EJUKUEJGP 4CWO FKG IGPCPPVGP 9GTMG UGKPGT MWPUVUEJCHHGPFGP <GKVIGPQUUGP IGMCPPV JCDGP /ÌINKEJGTYGKUG JCPFGNVG GU UKEJ CWEJ WO GKPG #WHVTCIUCTDGKV FGU \WO 2TQVGUVCPVKUOWU ÒDGTIGVTGVGPGP *GT\QIU /QTKV\ XQP 5CEJUGP &KG $GNKGDVJGKV FGT &TGKHCNVKIMGKVUOGFCKNNG N·UUV UKEJ CPJCPF FGT \CJNTGKEJGP 0CEJCJOWPIGP WPF 0CEJIÒUUG CDNGUGP $GNGIV UKPF /GFCKNNGP OKV FGP ,CJTGU\CJNGP WPF FKG VGKNYGKUG PQEJ CWH FKG 9GTMUVCVV FGU ·NVGUVGP 5QJPGU *CPU 4GKPJCTV F , IGUV QFGT CWH FKG +PKVKCVKXG RTKXCVGT )KGGT \WTÒEMIGJGP MÌPPVGP 8KGNG FGT DGMCPPVGP 'ZGORNCTG WPVGTUEJGKFGP UKEJ NGKEJV XQPGKPCPFGT &CU -TW\KHKZ KUV GKPOCN ITQ FCU CPFGTG /CN MNGKP IGCTDGKVGV KP FGO 5EJKNF ÒDGT FGT 6CHGN FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG KUV FCU U·EJUKUEJG 9CRRGP CDGT CWEJ CP UGKPGT 5VGNNG FCU 0COG ,GUW 6TKITCOO \W HKPFGP &KG 5EJCWOÒP\G KUV YGKVGTJKP OKV WPF QJPG $N·VVGT WPF (TÒEJVGMTCP\TCJOGP DGNGIV $GK GKPGO 'ZGORNCT UKPF 8QTFGT WPF 4ÒEMUGKVG IGVTGPPV IGIQUUGP YQTFGP WO CWH GKPGO $WEJGKPDCPF CNU #RRNKSWGP DGHGUVKIV \W YGTFGP WPF GKPG YGKVGTG 8QTFGTUGKVG FGT 5EJCWOÒP\G FKGPVG CNU &GEMGN GKPGT *QUVKGPDÒEJUG &GT 9WPUEJ PCEJ GKPGT HTKGFNKEJGP 'KPKIWPI FGT -QPHGUUKQPGP WPF GKPGT .ÌUWPI FGT )NCWDGPUUVTGKVKIMGKVGP YCT GDGP CWEJ KP FGP )GPGTCVKQPGP PCEJ .WVJGT GKP \GPVTCNGU 6JGOC FGU -WPUV WPF )GKUVGUNGDGPU &CHÒT KUV FKGUG RTCEJVXQNNG 4GPCKUUCPEGOGFCKNNG GKP CPUEJCWNKEJGT $GNGI

.KVGTCVWT &QOCPKI -CTN &KG *CPU 4GKPJCTV UEJG &TGKHCNVKIMGKVUOGFCKNNG KP /KVVGKNWPIGP FGT ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV HÒT /ÒP\ WPF /GFCKNNGPMWPFG KP 9KGP 0GWG (QNIG 5 *CDKEJ )GQTI &KG FGWVUEJGP 5EJCWOÒP\GP FGU :8+ ,CJTJWPFGTVU /ÒPEJGP $F ++ 5 -CJP ,WNKWU &KG &TGKHCNVKIMGKVUOGFCKNNG *CPU 4GKPJCTVU KP $N·VVGT HÒT /ÒP\HTGWPFG 5R -WJP *GTOCPP *CPU 4GKPJCTV GKP /GKUVGT FGT OKVVGNFGWVUEJGP 4GPCKUUCPEG /GFCKNNG KP $N·VVGT HÒT /ÒP\HTGWPFG 5 5VGIWYGKV 9QNHICPI 'KP *ÌJGRWPMV KP FGT /GFCKNNGPMWPUV FGT FGWVUEJGP 4GPCKUUCPEG &KG &TGKHCNVKIMGKVUOGFCKNNG XQP *CPU 4GKPJCTV F WO KP /ÒP\GP4GXWG 5 5VGIWYGKV 9QNHICPI 'WTQR·KUEJG /GFCKNNGPMWPUV XQP FGT 4GPCKUUCPEG DKU \WT )GIGPYCTV $GTNKP 5 WPF 5EJGT 5VGRJGP - *TUI 6JG %WTTGPE[ QH (COG 2QTVTCKV /GFCNU QH VJG 4GPCKUUCPEG 6JG (TKEM %QNNGEVKQP 0GY ;QTM 5 WPF 9QNHICPI 5VGIWYGKV 6GPV\GN 9KNJGNO 'TPUV 5CZQPKC 0WOKUOCVKEC &TGUFGP 5 WPF 6H + ++

385

SACHSEN

5937 5938

5938

(TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO XQP 9GKOCT CNU #FOKPKUVTCVQT FGU -WTHÒTUVGPVWOU 5CEJUGP 5KNDGT OGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP 6 9QNHH XGTOWVNKEJ IGRT·IV CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV #PPC /CTKC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU 2JKNKRR .WFYKI XQP 2HCN\ 0GWDWTI CO 5GRVGODGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV ITQGT *CNUMTCWUG WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $TWUVDKNF #PPC /CTKCU N OKV *WV ITQGT *CNUMTCWUG WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO I 5NI /GTUGD FQTV KP $NGK 5VGORGT 8QP CNNGTITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 0CEJFGO -WTHÒTUV %JTKUVKCP + IGUVQTDGP YCT ÒDGTPCJO *GT\QI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO FKG 8QTOWPFUEJCHV ÒDGT FGUUGP FTGK 5ÌJPG %JTKUVKCP ++ ,QJCPP )GQTI + WPF #WIWUV <WINGKEJ ÒDGTPCJO GT FKG #FOKPKUVTCVKQP FGT -WTYÒTFG FKG GT DKU \WO 5GRVGODGT HÒJTVG

,QJCPP )GQTI + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP * XQP .ÒPGP &GT IGJCTPKUEJVG -WTHÒTUV OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF -QOOCPFQUVCD KP FGT 4GEJVGP TGKVGV T &GT MWTU·EJUKUEJG 9CRRGPUEJKNF CWH 4CWVGPUVTCWEJ OO I 5NI /GTUGD *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGT 6QEJVGT /CTKG 'NKUCDGVJ HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5939

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP WPF RTQVGUVCPVKUEJGP 5KGI DGK $TGKVGPHGNF

JGWVG 5VCFVVGKN XQP .GKR\KI CO 5GRVGODGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO 5GRVGODGT ,WUVKVKC OKV 5EJYGTV %QPUVCPVKC OKV IGMTÌPVGT 5·WNG WPF 2CZ OKV .QTDGGT\YGKI UVGJGP DGKGKPCPFGT WPF TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG TGEJVG *CPF QDGP GKPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF WPF FGT UVTCJNGPFG 0COG ,GJQXCU KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP .GKR\KI &CTUVGNNWPI FGU 5EJNCEJVHGNFGU FCTÒDGT \YKUEJGP 9QNMGP GKP 'PIGN FGT OKV HNCOOGPFGO 5EJYGTV CWH FGP (GKPF \WHNKGIV OO I *KNFGDTCPF + 5 /CW¾ 5NI /GTUGD $TQUEJKGTURWTGP KO (GNF FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG UQPUV UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK $TGKVGPHGNF IGJÌTV \W FGP DGFGWVGPFUVGP #WUGKPCPFGTUGV\WPIGP FGU &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGIGU 0CEJFGO FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP WPVGT 6KNN[ KP 5CEJUGP GKPIGHCNNGP YCTGP UEJNQ UKEJ -WTHÒTUV ,QJCPP )GQTI + CO 5GRVGODGT )WUVCX #FQNH XQP 5EJYGFGP CP #O 5GRVGODGT MCO GU IGIGP 7JT \WT 5EJNCEJV DGK $TGKVGPHGNF 1DYQJN FKG MCKUGTNKEJG 4GKVGTGK FKG WPIGÒDVGP 5CEJUGP UEJNWI VTWI NGV\VGPFNKEJ FKG RTQVGUVCPVKUEJG #TOGG FGP 5KGI FCXQP #WUUEJNCIIGDGPF JKGTHÒT YCT GKPG PGWG DGYGINKEJG -CORHYGKUG WPF FCU UV·TMGTG )GUEJÒV\ FGT 5EJYGFGP $TGKVGPHGNF YCT FGT GTUVG ITQG 5KGI FGT 2TQVGUVCPVGP WPF OCTMKGTVG GKPGP 9GPFGRWPMV KO &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGI 5KGJG CWEJ 0T WPF FKG 'KPNGKVWPI FKGUGU -CVCNQIGU XQP 9QNHICPI 5VGIWYGKV 5

386

SACHSEN

5940

5941

5942

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &CFNGT <YKVVGTRT·IWPI FGT 5VCFV .GKR\KI CWH FCU &CPMHGUV \WT (GKGT FGU 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGPU WPF CWH FGP .GKR\KIGT -QPXGPV XQP 2CZ UVGJV X X OKV UGIPGPFGT 4GEJVGP WPF 2CNO\YGKI \W FGP 5GKVGP 9QNMGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU WPVGP 9CHHGP 5VCFV CPUKEJV XQP .GKR\KI FCTÒDGT JCNVGP \YGK 'PIGN GKPGP ITQGP 5EJKNF OKV FGO UVTCJNGPFGP 0COGP ,GJQXCU CP FGO \YGK MNGKPGTG 5EJKNFG J·PIGP OO I &GVJ 1TF /CW¾ 2CZ KP 0WOOKU p 5NI /GTUGD 2TCEJVXQNNG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , % *ÌEMPGT CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 2CUUCWGT 8GTVTCIGU &GT -WTHÒTUV VJTQPV X X OKV 5EJYGTV FCU OKV GKPGO 2CNO\YGKI WOYWPFGP KUV FCJKPVGT UGKPG XKGT 5ÌJPG ,QJCPP )GQTI UR·VGT -WTHÒTUV ,QJCPP )GQTI ++ #WIWUV *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKGPHGNU %JTKUVKCP + *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP /GTUGDWTI WPF /QTKV\ *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP <GKV\ UQYKG U·OVNKEJG YGKVGTG 0CEJMQOOGP OKV 2CNO\YGKIGP QDGP FGT UVTCJNGPFG 0COG ,GJQXCU WPVGP FGT MWTU·EJUKUEJG 9CRRGPUEJKNF #NVCT OKV FGT CWHIGUEJNCIGPGP %QPHGUUKQ #WIWUVCPC FCTCWH 6CWDG OKV ¤N\YGKI KO 5EJPCDGN WOJGT 5EJTKHVMTGKUG OO I )TWPF * 5NI /GTUGD 5NI 9JKVKPI 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT MN 5VGORGNHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

,QJCPP )GQTI ++ 1XCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / * 1OGKU CWH UGKPG 0GWVTCNKV·V KO -TKGI IGIGP (TCPMTGKEJ )GJCTPKUEJVGU *ÒHVDKNF JCNDN OKV ITQGT #NNQPIGRGTÒEMG KP FGT 4GEJVGP -QOOCPFQUVCD FKG .KPMG KP FKG *ÒHVG IGUVGOOV )GMTGW\VG -WTUEJYGTVGT XQP 2CNO WPF .QTDGGT \YGKIGP WOIGDGP FCTÒDGT -WTJWV QDGP UVTCJNGPFGT 0COG ,GJQXCU KP 9QNMGP Z OO I 5NI 'PIGNJCTFV 5NI /GTUGD 44 #VVTCMVKXGU $CTQEMRQTVT·V 5GJT UEJÌP HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

387

SACHSEN

5943

,QJCPP )GQTI +++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG ÒDGTUVCPFGPG 2GUVGRKFGOKG KP .GKR\KI 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP .GKR\KI FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGU &TGKGKPKIMGKVUU[ODQN &GT *QJGRTKGUVGT #CTQP UVGJV X X OKV 4·WEJGTIGH· JKPVGT KJO FKG -KPFGT +UTCGNU WPVGT FGPGP FKG 2GUV CWUDTKEJV CO *KOOGN /QPF 5VGTPG WPF FGT 7PJGKN XGTMÒPFGPFG -QOGV OO I &CFQTH FQTV WPVGT ,QJCPP )GQTI ++ 5NI $TGVVCWGT p 5NI /GTUGD p 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5944

5945

5946

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , -KVVGN CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI FGT 5VCFV &TGUFGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN \YKUEJGP +1* )' +++ '. 5#: #PUKEJV FGT 5VCFV &TGUFGP QDGP -TCP\ OO I ( W 5 FQTV OKV ,CJTGU\CJN 5NI /GTUGD 4 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

/GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \WO 'PVUCV\ XQP 9KGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / * 1OGKU CWH FGP (GNF\WI ,QJCPP )GQTIU +++ WPF UGKPGT DGKFGP 5ÌJPG ,QJCPP )GQTI UR·VGT ,QJCPP )GQTI +8 WPF #WIWUV UR·VGT (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV + #WIWUV FGT 5VCTMG \WT DGNCIGTVGP 5VCFV /CKP\ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF .ÌYGPMQRHUEJWNVGT 'KP CNVGT #FNGT HÒJTV \YGK LWPIG #FNGT \WT 5QPPG GORQT /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I )TWPF 1 5NI /GTUGD #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV JGTTNKEJGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ FGO 'KPHCNN FGT (TCP\QUGP KP FKG 2HCN\ DGICD UKEJ ,QJCPP )GQTI +++ OKV GKPGT /CPP UVCTMGP #TOGG CP FGP 4JGKP +O /CK DTCEJ GT OKV FGP 2TKP\GP ,QJCPP )GQTI WPF (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV GTPGWV FQTVJKP CWH WO /CKP\ GKP\WPGJOGP &KG 5VCFV MCRKVWNKGTVG GTUV PCEJ GKPGT $GNCIGTWPI XQP CEJV 9QEJGP CO 5GRVGODGT

,QJCPP )GQTI +8 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP (GNF\WI IGIGP (TCPMTGKEJ )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO 1TFGPUDCPF KP FGT .KPMGP -QOOCPFQUVCD 'KPG CWU 9QNMGP MQOOGPFG *CPF J·NV GKPG 5EJPGNNYCCIG CP FGT GKPGP 5GKVG J·PIV GKP OKV 4CWVGP \YGKIGP WOYWPFGPGU -WTUEJYGTV CNU <GKEJGP FGT )GTGEJVKIMGKV CP FGT CPFGTGP 5GKVG \WO #WUINGKEJ GKP .QTDGGTMTCP\ CNU <GKEJGP FGU 4WJOU OO I 5NI /GTUGD 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

388

SACHSEN

5947

5948 5947

(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV + #WIWUV FGT 5VCTMG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH UGKPGP 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN *GTMWNGU OKV .ÌYGPHGNN WPF -GWNG UVGJV X X CP 2QUVCOGPV IGNGJPV FCTCP FGT MWTU·EJUKUEJG 9CRRGPUEJKNF KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP &TGUFGP /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I (QTUVGT 5NI /GTUGD 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC MN -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T WPF FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP #NVTCPUV·FV XQO 5GRVGODGT PCEJ LWNKCPK UEJGO -CNGPFGT CO 5GRVGODGT /CTU WPF *GTMWNGU VTGVGP -TKGIUHWTKG OKV (ÒGP /GTMWT UEJYGDV ÒDGT 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP .GKR\KI /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV OO I (QTUVGT * %\ 4 *KNFGDTCPF + 5 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 5NI /GTUGD 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T #NU FKG 5EJYGFGP KO #WIWUV OKV /CPP CWEJ PCEJ 5CEJUGP KP FCU 'TDNCPF FGU U·EJUKUEJ RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKIU #WIWUV GKPOCTUEJKGTVGP UCJ UKEJ #WIWUV FGT 5VCTMG IG\YWPIGP CO 5GRVGODGT FGP XQP -CTN :++ FKMVKGTVGP (TKGFGP XQP #NVTCPUV·FV MO UÒFNKEJ XQP .GKR\KI \W WPVGT\GKEJPGP #WIWUV OWVG FGT RQNPKUEJGP -TQPG GPVUCIGP WPF FGP XQP -CTN :++ KPUVCNNKGTVGP 5VCPKUNCWU + .GUE\E[PUMK CPGTMGPPGP FWTHVG CDGT UGNDUV FGP -ÌPKIUVKVGN DGJCNVGP 9GKVGTJKP OWVG UKEJ #WIWUV FGT 5VCTMG XGTRHNKEJVGP YGFGT FKG )GIPGT .GUE\E[PUMKU PQEJ FKG )GIPGT -CTNU :++ \W WPVGTUVÒV\GP &KG 8QTFGPUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV FGT JÒDUEJGP /GFCKNNG %1)0#61 5#0)8+0' 8+%6# $GUKGIV XQP GKPGO $NWVUXGTYCPFVGP KUV GKPG #PURKGNWPI CWH FCU 8GTYCPFVUEJCHVUXGTJ·NVPKU FGT -TKGIUIGIPGT -CTNU :++ WPF #WIWUV ++

FGT 5VCTMG &WTEJ KJTG /ÒVVGT #PPC 5QRJKC #WIWUV WPF 7NTKMC 'NGQPQTC -CTN :++ 6ÌEJVGT FGU F·PKUEJGP -ÌPKIU (TGFGTKM +++ YCTGP -CTN :++ WPF #WIWUV FGT 5VCTMG %QWUKPU

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK )CFGDWUEJ XQP IGIGP FKG 5EJYGFGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5949

5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP XQP * 2 )TQMWTV CWH FCU (GNFNCIGT DGK /ÒJNDGTI $ÒUVG T OKV NCPIGO *CCT #PUKEJV FGU /ÒJNDGTIGT .CIGTU OKV NCPFUEJCHVNKEJGT 7OIGDWPI CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG QDGP HNKGIV (COC OKV 2QUCWPG WPF FGO U·EJUKUEJGP 9CRRGPUEJKNF N KP 9QNMGP OO I * %\ 4 5NI 'PIGNJCTFV 5NI /GTUGD p 44 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT WPF -TCV\GT UEJÌPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ &CU (GNFNCIGT \W /ÒJNDGTI XGTCPUVCNVGVG #WIWUV FGT 5VCTMG PKEJV \WNGV\V WO UGKPG RTGWKUEJGP )·UVG -ÌPKI (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNO + WPF UGKPGP 5QJP FGP -TQPRTKP\GP (TKGFTKEJ ++ \W DGGKPFTWEMGP

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W #WIWUV FGO 5VCTMGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 389

SACHSEN

5950

5951

5952

(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , 9 *ÌEMPGT CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI FGT 5VCFV (TGKDGTI \W UGKPGO 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN FCTWPVGT FTGK <GKNGP IGDQIGPG 5EJTKHV 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP (TGKDGTI OKV 9GJTCPNCIGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF $GTIYGTMU CPNCIGP ÒDGT 6CIG GKP 9ÒPUEJGNTWVGPI·PIGT \YGK *CURGNMPGEJVG CO (ÌTFGTJCURGN GKP $GTIOCPP FGT GKP 5EJÒTHNQEJ CWUYKTHV UQYKG GKP 2HGTFGIÌRGN OKV \YGK )GD·WFGP WPVGP GKPG $GTIYGTMUCPNCIG WPVGT 6CIG FCTKP GKP -CTTGPN·WHGT CWH FGO 9GI \WO (ÒNNQTV T XKGT $GTINGWVG KP GKPGO 5VTQUUGPDCW DGK FGT #TDGKV OKV 5EJN·IGN WPF 'KUGP KO #DUEJPKVV FCU (TGKDGTIGT 9CRRGP \YKUEJGP ).8%- #8( OO I /ÒUGNGT C 5NI /GTUGD 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV UGKPGO 2QTVT·V HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP OKV FGO 2QTVT·V UGKPGT 6QEJVGT /CTKC #OCNKC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG *QEJ\GKV UGKPGT 6QEJVGT /CTKC #PPC HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV +++ + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'TPGPPWPI UGKPGU 1PMGNU 2TKP\ #NDGTV XQP 5CEJUGP *GT\QI XQP 6GUEJGP

Ó \WO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 4GKEJUHGNFOCTUEJCNN )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF #NDGTVU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN *GTMWNGU OKV -GWNG UVGJV X X KP .CPFUEJCHV \YKUEJGP FGP 2HCFGP FGT 6WIGPF WPF FGT 9QNNWUV OO I ( W 5 5NI /GTUGD 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 4 *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , . 5VQEMOCT CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI FGT 5VCFV (TGKDGTI $ÒUVG T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN (KFGU OKV JTGP KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP WPF (TÒEJVGMQTD KP FGT .KPMGP UVGJV HCUV X X OO I 5NI /GTUGD 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 5VGORGNINCP\

5953

5KNDGTLGVQP WPUKIPKGTV 5RKGNLGVQP CWU FGT <GKV UGKPGT /WVVGT /CTKC #PVQPKC 6QEJVGT FGU DC[GTK UEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP -CTN #NDGTV )GMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO UGKPGT /WVVGT WOJGT 1TFGPUDCPF OKV 1TFGPU MTGW\ &KG )NÒEMUIÌVVKP (QTVWPC URKGNV OKV #OQT $CNN KO #DUEJPKVV TÌOKUEJG ,CJTGU\CJN OO I 5NI /GTUGD 9KVV 4 2TCEJVXQNNG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

390

SACHSEN

5954

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT , -TÒIGT CWH FKG <WUCOOGPMWPHV WPF FGP (TKGFGP XQP 2KNNPKV\ $TWUV DKNFGT .GQRQNFU ++ XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNOU ++ XQP 2TGWGP WPF (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUVU XQP 5CEJUGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT T .KPMU KO 8QTFGTITWPF UKV\V 5CZQPKC PCEJ T OKV U·EJUKUEJGO 9CRRGP UEJKNF WPF FGWVGV OKV FGT .KPMGP CWH FCU KO *KPVGTITWPF NKGIGPFG 5EJNQ 2KNNPKV\ OO I /CTKGPD 2CZ KP 0WOOKU 5NI /GTUGD 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ p 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI &GT (TKGFGP XQP 2KNNPKV\ YWTFG CO #WIWUV KO 5EJNQ FGU U·EJUKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV IGUEJNQUUGP

5956

5955

5957

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT , -TÒIGT CWH FCU PGWG ,CJTJWPFGTV 'KPG XQP 9GNNGP WOURÒNVG 'TF JCNDMWIGN OKV FGT -CTVG XQP 5CEJUGP KP /GGT FCXQT 6CHGN OKV QDGP 9QNMG %JTQPQU ÒDGTTGKEJV FGO LWPIGP CWH GKPGT 9QNMG UKV\GPFGP )GPKWU FGU PGWGP ,CJTJWPFGTVU FCU $WEJ FGT 'THCJTWPI WPF UVGKIV KPU )TCD JKPCD T .CPFMCTVG WPF (GTPTQJT OO I 5NI /GTUGD 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

&#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 5#%*5'0

(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT , -TÒIGT CWH FGP (TKGFGP XQP 6KNUKV CO ,WNK WPF FKG 'TTKEJVWPI FGU )TQJGT\QIVWOU 9CTUEJCW $TWUVDKNF T OKV /CPVGN WPF WOIGNGIVGP 1TFGPUDCPF #FNGT X X OKV CWUIGDTGKVGVGP 5EJYKPIGP WPF $NKV\ KP FGP (·PIGP ÒDGT KJO FKG CPGKPCPFGTIGNGJPVGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFG XQP 5CEJUGP WPF 2QNGP FCTÒDGT -TQPG OO I 5NI /GTUGD 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - 9 *ÌEMPGT CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CKUGTU 0CRQN¾QP + KP &TGUFGP 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUVU + N 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF 0CRQN¾QPU + T OO I )GDCWGT 5NI ,WNKWU 5NI /GTUGD *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 0CRQN¾QP WPF 5CEJUGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 391

SACHSEN

5958

1,5:1

5958

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 -TÒIGT CWH FKG 5RTGPIWPI FGT #WIWUVWUDTÒEMG KP &TGUFGP CO /·T\ #PUKEJV FGT IGURTGPIVGP $TÒEMG XQP FGT $TÒJNUEJGP 6GTTCUUG CWU #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I )GDCWGT 5NI /GTUGD 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5959

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP & ( QFGT ( 9 .QQU CWH UGKP L·JTKIGU 4GIKGTWPIULWDKN·WO IGYKFOGV XQO /CIKUVTCV FGT 5VCFV .GKR\KI )GPKGP OKV )KTNCPFGP VCP\GP WO GKPGP #NVCT FGT OKV -TCP\ \YGK (ÒNNJÌTPGTP -TQPG /GTMWTUVCD WPF (CJPG IGUEJOÒEMV KUV &KG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG )GTGEJVKIMGKV OKV 9CCIG WPF (ÒNNJQTP NKGIV CWH GKPGO )TGKH PCEJ N FCTWPVGT QRHGTP \YGK -KPFGT 9GKJTCWEJ WPF $NWOGP CP GKPGO HNCOOGPFGP #NVCT OO I 5NI /GTUGD 5QOOGT # 2TCEJVGZGORNCT 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5960

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # ( -ÌPKI CWH UGKPGP )GDWTVUVCI 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF JCNDN 126+/85 24+0%'25 /&%%%::8+ WOJGT 'KEJGPMTCP\ OO I 5NI /GTUGD

FQTV KP $TQP\G +P 5KNDGT ·WGTUV UGNVGP *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

392

SACHSEN

5961

5962

5963

(TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - 4 -TÒIGT CWH FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGT MÌPKINKEJ U·EJUKUEJGP (ÒTUVGP WPF .CPFGUUEJWNG 5CPMV #HTC KP /GKGP &KG $TWUVDKNFGT FGT -WTHÒTUVGP /QTKV\ WPF #WIWUV XQP 5CEJUGP T WOJGT \YGK 5EJTKHVMTGKUG OKV FTGK 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I 5NI /GTUGD FQTV KTTVÒONKEJ OKV FGT ,CJTGU\CJN 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

,QJCPP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG KO )GYKEJV GKPGU FQRRGNVGP 8GTGKPUVCNGTU XQP ) , $WUEJPKEM WPF # 5VCPIGT CWH FCU L·JTKIG $GUVGJGP FGT $GTICMCFGOKG (TGKDGTI &KG $TWUVDKNFGT XQP ,QJCPP WPF UGKPGU )TQQPMGNU :CXGT TGI PGDGPGKPCPFGT N #NNGIQTKUEJG (TCWGPIGUVCNV 5KPPDKNF FGT $GTICMCFGOKG WPF FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHV UKV\V \YKUEJGP \YGK ,ÒPINKPIGP FGT NKPMG CNU $GTIOCPP FGT TGEJVG CNU *ÒVVGPOCPP IGMNGKFGV OO I #-5 D /ÒUGNGT 4 0WT 'ZGORNCTG IGRT·IV (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ( 1 ,CJP CWH UGKPG 4ÒEMMGJT PCEJ &TGUFGP CWU FGO (GNF\WI $ÒUVG N WOJGT $N·VVGTMTCP\ <GKNGP 5EJTKHV \WO 6GKN IGDQIGP OO I )GDCWGT 5NI /GTUGD FQTV KP $TQP\G (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5965 5964

5964

#NDGTV $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP *GEJV 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FGP 8GTGKPUVCI FGWVUEJGT /ÒP\HQTUEJGT KP &TGUFGP -QRH UGKPGU 0GHHGP WPF 2TQVGMVQTU FGU 8GTGKPUVCIGU *GT\QI ,QJCPP )GQTI

Ó T #PUKEJV FGU TGUVCWTKGTVGP 4GUKFGP\UEJNQUUGU OO 5NI /GTUGD (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT . &4 CWH FKG )GDWTV UGKPGT )TQPGHHGP )GQTI WPF (TKGFTKEJ %JTKUVKCP 5ÌJPG XQP (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV UR·VGT (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV +++ )GMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO FGU 2TKP\GP )GQTI )GMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO FGU 2TKP\GP (TKGFTKEJ %JTKUVKCP /KV 4CPFITCXWT Û g Û <9'+ Û 24+0<'06*#.'4 g OO I 4WFQNRJ 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

393

SACHSEN

5966

&'4 (4'+56##6 5#%*5'0

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP ( *ÌTPNGKP IGHGTVKIV KO #WHVTCI FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV FGWVUEJGT /GVCNNJÒVVGP WPF $GTINGWVG CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGT UVCCVNKEJGP (TGKDGTIGT *ÒVVGPYGTMG CO ,WNK 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP #DUEJPKVVUNKPKG QDGP *COOGT WPF 5EJN·IGN IGMTGW\V WPVGP &CVWOUCPICDG OKV *ÒVVGP U[ODQNGP $TWUVDKNF FGU 9KUUGPUEJCHVNGTU WPF $GTIDCWHQTUEJGTU )GQTIKWU #ITKEQNC

Ó JCNDN OKV *WV WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN OO /ÒUGNGT 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5967

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0 #.6'0$74)

'TPUV + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP % ( *CUGTQVJ CWH UGKPGP )GDWTVUVCI $ÒUVG N WOJGT 'KEJGPMTCP\ )GMTÌPVGU 9CRRGP WOJGT 5EJTKHVDCPF CWGP \GJP YGKVGTG 9CRRGP OO I 5NI /GTUGD p 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5968

394

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , ITCXKGTV XQP % &CEJNCWGT CWH FKG #NVGPDWTIGT -CKUGTVCIG CO /CK &KG $ÒUVGP -CKUGT 9KNJGNOU ++ WPF FGU *GT\QIU 'TPUV PGDGPGKPCPFGT T #PUKEJV FGU 4GUKFGP\ UEJNQUUGU #NVGPDWTI FCTWPVGT XGT\KGTVG 6CHGN OKV )TCXWT F W /CK OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ

SACHSEN

5969

1,5:1

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0 )16*#

'TPUV FGT (TQOOG 6TCIDCTGT QXCNGT XGTIQNFGVGT UKNDGTPGT )PCFGPRHGPPKI Q , WO #TDGKV FGU )QVJCGT )QNFUEJOKGFGU 9GPFGN 'NKCU (TGWPF )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN CWH FGT $TWUV IGMTÌPVGU /QPQITCOO CWH FGT 5EJWNVGT -TGW\ $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 'NKUCDGVJ 5QRJKC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU ,QJCPP 2JKNKRR XQP 5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI N KP XGT\KGTVGO -NGKF WPF OKV *CCTUEJOWEM Z OO I $ÌTPGT 5VGIWYGKV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV WPF CWGTQTFGPVNKEJGT JKUVQTKUEJGT $GFGWVWPI /KV 1TKIKPCNJGPMGN UQYKG WPVGP OKV *GPMGNURWT 5GJT CVVTCMVKXG HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJG #TDGKV OKV XQNNRNCUVKUEJGP 2QTVT·VU 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5970

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0 )16*# #.6'0$74)

(TKGFTKEJ + CNNGKP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH FKG ,CJTGUYGPFG WPF CWH FKG FTGK *CWRVUV·PFG #FGN -NGTWU WPF $CWGTPUEJCHV )NQDWU CP FGO <GRVGT -TWOOUVCD WPF 5RCVGP NGJPGP CNU 5[ODQNG HÒT #FGN -NGTWU WPF $CWGTPUEJCHV FCTÒDGT -TQPG \YKUEJGP .QTDGGT\YGKI WPF 5EJYGTV XQT 9QNMGP KO *KPVGTITWPF 5VCFVCPUKEJV OKV -KTEJG XGTOWVNKEJ )QVJC QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG 5QPPG OKV UKGDGP DGUEJTKHVGVGP 5VTCJNGP \YKUEJGP FKGUGP LGYGKNU FTGK 5VTCJNGP OO I 5NI /GTUGD FQTV OKV 4CPFUEJTKHV 9QJNHCJTV FQTV OKV 4CPFUEJTKHV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &CU DGK 9QJNHCJTV DGUEJTKGDGPG 5VÒEM JCV YKG FKG 'ZGORNCTG CPFGTGT 5COONWPIGP GKPG 4CPFUEJTKHV FQEJ IKDV FKG #WVQTKP CP FC KP FGO /ÒP\MCDKPGVV &TGUFGP GKPG /GFCKNNG QJPG 4CPFUEJTKHV XQTJCPFGP KUV

395

SACHSEN

5971

1,5:1

(TKGFTKEJ ++ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU .CPFITCHGP -CTN XQP *GUUGP -CUUGN TGI KP )QVJC WPF CWH FKG 'TPGWGTWPI FGT U·EJUKUEJGP 'TDXGTDTÒFGTWPI <YGK CPGKPCPFGTIGNGJPVG -CTVWUEJGP OKV /GFCKNNQPU KO NKPMGP /GFCKNNQP 5EJYCP CWH 5QEMGN KO TGEJVGP GKPG *CPF OKV 5RKGIGN ÒDGT GKPGO DTGPPGPFGP *GT\GP WPVGP GKPG YGKVGTG MNGKPGTG -CTVWUEJG FCTKP /GFCKNNQP OKV GKPGO OGJTHCEJ XGTUEJNWPIGPGO 5RKGIGNOQPQITCOO QDGP -WTJWV FCTÒDGT 5EJTKHVDCPF XQP \YGK 'PIGNP IGJCNVGP )GMTÌPVG 5·WNG FCTÒDGT 5VGTP KO *KPVGTITWPF )GDKTIUNCPFUEJCHV OO I 5EJÒV\ 9QJNHCJTV 44 (GKPG 2CVKPC HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

5973 5972

5972

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WO XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ ,CMQD TKPIV OKV FGO 'PIGN 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT /GFCKNNGWTUUKIPCVWT OO I 9QJNHCJTV (GKPG 2CVKPC MN 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ 5RQVVOGFCKNNG CWH FKG #FXQMCVGP #FXQMCV KP UGKPGT #OVUMNGKFWPI X X OKV 5EJTKHVTQNNG #FXQMCV KP UGKPGT #OVUMNGKFWPI X X OKV 5VCD OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT p 5NI /GTUGD p 9QJNHCJTV \W 8QTFGTUGKVG *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC MN 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5974

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0 *+.&$74)*#75'0

396

'TPUV (TKGFTKEJ -CTN 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , # & -NKPIJCOOGT CWH FKG )GDWTV UGKPGU 5QJPGU 'TDRTKP\ (TKGFTKEJ UR·VGT *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP *KNFDWTIJCWUGP WPF XQP 5CEJUGP #NVGPDWTI $TWUVDKNFGT 'TPUV (TKGFTKEJ -CTNU WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP 'TPGUVKPG #WIWUVG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU *GT\QIU 'TPUV #WIWUV + XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT 'KUGPCEJ PGDGP GKPPCPFGT T OKV WOIGNGIVGP /·PVGNP #EJV <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP #DUEJPKVVUNKPKG OO I *QNNOCPP 5NI /GTUGD 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

SACHSEN

5975

5976

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0 /'+0+0)'0

'TPUV .WFYKI + 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV 'NKUCDGVJ 5QRJKG

Ó 6QEJVGT (TKGFTKEJ 9KNJGNOU FGU )TQGP -WTHÒTUVGP XQP $TCPFGPDWTI

TGI KP FGT 'JTGPDWTI XQP %QDWTI CO ,WPK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV # &'1 64#&+6# WOJGT 'KEJGPMTCP\ FGT XQP GKPGO 5EJTKHVDCPF WOYWPFGP KUV CWH FGO FKG 0COGP FGU 2CCTGU D\Y FGTGP #JPGP UVGJGP <YGK DTGPPGPFG .GWEJVGT WO FKG GKP -TCP\ IGNGIV KUV WPF FKG OKV FGP 9CRRGP FGU 2CCTGU IGUEJOÒEMV UKPF QDGP \YGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV KP 5VTCJNGP OO I )TQDG 9QJNHCJTV 4 /KP 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP %JT 9GTOWVJ CWH UGKPGP 6QF CO 0QXGODGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN $TGPPGPFGT 6GORGN OKV FGO 5CTI FGU *GT\QIU QDGP HNKGIV GKP #FNGT CWU FGO 4CWEJ GORQT FCTÒDGT 6GKN FGU 6KGTMTGKUGU OKV FGP 5VGTP\GKEJGP 5VGKPDQEM 5EJÒV\G WPF 5MQTRKQP KO *KPVGTITWPF T 2[TCOKFG /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV È #4%85 Û (+&+ Û +10#6*#0 Û 0'% Û 4'641 Û 5' Û #8'46+6 Û 8038#/ È ++ Û 5#/7'. Û + Û 8 Û OO I )TQDG 9QJNHCJTV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ

5977

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0 %1$74) /'+0+0)'0

-CTN 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 6 5VQEMOCT CWH FGP .CPFVCIUCDUEJKGF $TWUVDKNF UGKPGT /WVVGT %JCTNQVVC #OCNKC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU .CPFITCHGP -CTN + XQP *GUUGP 2JKNKRRUVJCN T OKV JQJGT (TKUWT 'KP 4KVVGT FGT UKEJ OKV FGO NKPMGP #TO CWH FGP *GPPGDGTIGT 5EJKNF UVÒV\V MPKGV PCEJ N XQT GKPGO #NVCT FGT OKV FGO U·EJUKUEJGP 9CRRGP XGT\KGTV KUV WPF NGIV GKPGP -TCP\ FCTCWH PKGFGT FCTÒDGT UEJÒVVGV *CPF CWU 9QNMGP GKP (ÒNNJQTP CWU OO I )TQDG *QHHOGKUVGT 5NI /GTUGD p 8QP ITÌVGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5EJÌPG 6ÌPWPI MN 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ %JCTNQVVC #OCNKC

Ó YCT FKG 6QEJVGT FGU .CPFITCHGP %CTN + XQP *GUUGP 2JKNNKRRUVJCN WPF UGKV FKG )GOCJNKP FGU *GT\QIU #PVQP 7NTKEJ XQP 5CEJUGP /GKPKPIGP 5KG YCT FKG 8QTOÒPFGTKP HÒT -CTN DKU WPF FGUUGP $TWFGT )GQTI DKU &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG GPVUVCPF CWH 8GTCPNCUUWPI FGT 5V·PFG DG\WIPGJOGPF CWH FKG 4GIGNWPI FGT (KPCP\GP \WO #PFGPMGP CP FGP .CPFVCIUCDUEJKGF

397

SACHSEN

5978

1,5:1

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0 9'+/#4

9KNJGNO 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG HGKGTNKEJG ªDGTHÒJTWPI FGT )GDGKPG UGKPGU $TWFGTU FGU KP 0GWGPDWTI IGUVQTDGPGP *GT\QIU $GTPJCTF

CWU FGT RTQXKUQTKUEJGP 4WJG UV·VVG KO $TGKUCEJGT /ÒPUVGT PCEJ 9GKOCT *GT\QI $GTPJCTF MPKGV PCEJ N XQT %JTKUVWU FGT GKPG 5KGIGU HCJPG J·NV FCTÒDGT 'PIGN OKV -TQPG KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP $TGKUCEJ OKV #TOGG <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I &CFQTH p 5NI /GTUGD p 6GPV\GN 6H +++ 44 (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T $GTPJCTF *GT\QI XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT IKNV CNU FGT YQJN DGFGWVGPFUVG FGWVUEJG RTQVGUVCPVKUEJG (GNFJGTT FGU &TGKKIL·JTKIGP -TKGIGU &GT CO #WIWUV KP 9GKOCT IGDQTGPG *GT\QI UEJNQ UKEJ PCEJ GKPKIGP 5VWFKGP OQPCVGP KP ,GPC FGP RTQVGUVCPVKUEJGP 6TWRRGP CP WPF HQEJV DGK 9KGUNQEJ WPF 9KORHGP #NU )GPGTCN )WUVCX #FQNHU XQP 5EJYGFGP JKGNV $GTPJCTF FKG GTQDGTVGP 4JGKPNCPFG PCJO CO 5VWTO CWH 9CNNGPUVGKPU .CIGT VGKN WPF DGJCWRVGVG PCEJ FGO 6QF )WUVCX #FQNHU FCU 5EJNCEJVHGNF DGK .ÒV\GP 0CEJ FGO 8GTNWUV XQP 4GIGPUDWTI YWTFG $GTPJCTF DGK 0ÌTFNKPIGP XGTPKEJVGPF IGUEJNCIGP WPF XGTNQT UGKP *GT\QIVWO +P FGP DGKFGP HQNIGPFGP ,CJTGP M·ORHVG GT OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 8GTDÒPFGVGP OKV YGEJUGNPFGP 'THQNIGP XQT CNNGO KP .QVJTKPIGP UEJNWI FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP DGK 4JGKPHGNFGP WPF PCJO PCEJ OGJTOQPCVKIGT $GNCIGTWPI CO &G\GODGT $TGKUCEJ GKP YQTCWH FKG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG $G\WI PKOOV 0CEJ FGP #PUVTGPIWPIGP FGT (GNF\ÒIG GTNCI $GTPJCTF CO ,WNK DGK 0GWGPDWTI CO 4JGKP GKPGT MWT\GP -TCPMJGKV

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH *GT\QI $GTPJCTF XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

5979

&#5 )4155*'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0 9'+/#4 '+5'0#%*

%CTN #WIWUV 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , ITCXKGTV XQP * ( $TCPFV CWH FGP L·JTKIGP #WHGPVJCNV FGU &KEJVGTU ,QJCPP 9QNHCPI XQP )QGVJG

Ó KP 9GKOCT &KG $TWUVDKNFGT FGU *GT\QIU WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP .WKUG

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU .CPFITCHGP .WFYKI +: XQP *GUUGP &CTOUVCFV PGDGPGKPCPFGT T OKV WOIGNGIVGP /·PVGNP $TWUVDKNF )QGVJGU N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN /KV 4CPFITCXWT l %#4. #7)756 70& .7+5' l )1'6*'0 l <7/ 8++ 018$4 /&%%%::8 OO I (ÌTUEJPGT (TGFG .GJPGTV *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH ,QJCPP 9QNHICPI XQP )QGVJG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

398

SACHSEN

5980

&#5 *'4<1)67/ 5#%*5'0 9'+55'0('.5

,QJCPP )GQTI 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT 8GTFKGPUVOG FCKNNG )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 1TFGPUDCPF #PUKEJV XQP 5EJNQ #WIWUVGPDWTI FCTÒDGT UEJYGDV GKP )GPKWU PCEJ N OKV 5EJCNG WPF (ÒNNJQTP OO I (QTUVGT p 5NI /GTUGD FQTV OKV CPFGTGT /GFCKNNGWTUCPICDG 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG XQTNKGIGPFG /GFCKNNG KUV WPUKIPKGTV YKTF CDGT KP FGT .KVGTCVWT FGO /GFCKNNGWT #NDTGEJV -TKGIGT \WIGQTFPGV FGT KO CWUIGJGPFGP ,CJTJWPFGTV KP .GKR\KI V·VKI YCT 9KT XGTOWVGP LGFQEJ FC GU UKEJ DGK FGO 5VGTP KO #DUEJPKVV FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG WO FCU <GKEJGP FGU 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGTU 2JKNKRR *GKPTKEJ /ÒNNGT CWU #WIUDWTI JCPFGNV

5981

5%*#7/$74) .+22' &+' )4#(5%*#(6 5%*#7/$74) .+22'

#NDGTV 9QNHICPI $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP , WPF , # &CUUKGT CWH FGP \YKUEJGP FGP *·WUGTP 5EJCWODWTI .KRRG WPF .KRRG &GVOQNF KP 5VCFVJCIGP IGUEJNQUUGPGP 8GTINGKEJ &KG )TCHGP #NDTGEJV 9QNHICPI \W 5EJCWODWTI WPF 5KOQP #WIWUV \WT .KRRG UVGJGP OKV KJTGP 9CRRGPUEJKNFGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT WPF TGKEJGP UKEJ FKG *·PFG WPVGT KJPGP FKG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG <YKGVTCEJV TGEJVU CWH GKPGT 9QNMG FKG RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 'KPVTCEJV FCPGDGP (GNUGPJÌJNG KP FKG \YGK PCEMVG )GUVCNVGP GKNGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WOJGT (ÒNNJÌTPGT $NWOGP WPF 1TPCOGPVG QDGP 'PIGNUMQRH WPVGP /GFWUGPJCWRV OO )TQVG 9GKPO p 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ &GT 5VCFVJCIGPGT 8GTINGKEJ DGGPFGVG XQTGTUV FGP L·JTKIGP 5VTGKV FGT *·WUGT 5EJCWODWTI .KRRG WPF .KRRG &GVOQNF WO FKG $GUKV\WPIGP FGT .KPKG .KRRG $TCMG FKG OKV FGO 6QF XQP )TCH .WFYKI (GTFKPCPF CO (GDTWCT GTNQUEJGP YCT +P FGO 8GTINGKEJ FGT FWTEJ 8GTOKVVNWPI XQP %JCTNQVVG 5QRJKG )T·HKP XQP $GPVKPEM (TCW \W 8CTGN -P[RJCWUGP WPF &QQTYGTVJ \WUVCPFGP IGMQOOGPGP YCT ÒDGTNKG FCU *CWU $ÒEMGDWTI FGO *CWU &GVOQNF FKG $GUKV\WPIGP $TCMG $CTPVTWR WPF FCU 2CTCIKCNCOV .KRRGTQFG WPF GTJKGNV KO )GIGP\WI FKG OVGT $NQODGTI WPF 5EJKGFGT UQYKG GKPGP $GVTCI XQP 6CNGTP

399

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN

5983 5982

5982

5%*.'5+'0

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XGTOWVNKEJ XQP ) 9 -KVVGN CWH FKG 9CUUGT WPF *WPIGTUPQV KP 5EJNGUKGP 'KP ÒDGTUEJYGOOVGU &QTH KO 4GIGP 6GPPG OKV )CTDGP WPF YGPKI -QTP OO I ( W 5 8QT\ÒINKEJ

-NGKPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) 9 -KVVGN CWH FKG &ÒTTG KP 5EJNGUKGP 9KPFOÒJNG 5VKNNUVGJGPFG 9CUUGTOÒJNG OO I ( W 5 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5984 5985

5985

-NGKPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) 9 -KVVGN CWH FKG *GWUEJTGEMGPRNCIG KP 5EJNGUKGP -TKGEJGPFG *GWUEJTGEMG N *GWUEJTGEMGPUEJYCTO OO I ( W 5 (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP ) 9 -KVVGN CWH FGP FWTEJ GKPGP $NKV\UEJNCI \GTUVÌTVGP 2WNXGT VWTO KP $TGUNCW )GYKVVGT ÒDGT .CPFUEJCHV GKP $NKV\ UEJN·IV KP FGP 2WNXGTVWTO GKP #PUKEJV FGU \GTUVÌTVGP 5VCFVVGKNU OO I ( W 5 8QT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \W 5EJNGUKGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

5986

5%*.'59+) *1.56'+0 -¤0+).+%* & 0+5%*'4 #06'+.

400

(TKGFTKEJ +8 5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 2 $GTI CWH FKG 'KP·UEJGTWPI #NVQPCU CO &G\GODGT FGP ªDGTHCNN CWH FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKI -CTN :++ KP UGKPGO 'ZKN KP $GPFGT CO (GDTWCT WPF FKG )GHCPIGPPCJOG FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP #TOGG DGK 6ÌPPKPI CO /CK PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO /CK &CU DTGPPGPFG 2CNCKU -CTNU :++ KP 8CTPKVUC DGK $GPFGT CWU FGO FKG CPITGKHGPFGP 5EJCTGP DGUEJQUUGP YGTFGP KO 8QTFGTITWPF GKP 6ÒTMG OKV 5·DGN WPF GKP 6CTVCT OKV 2HGKN WPF $QIGP FKG FGP CWU GKPGT 6QPPG JGTXQTMTKGEJGPFGP -CTN :++ DGFTQJGP KO *KPVGTITWPF T FKG 5VCFV $GPFGT ICP\ QDGP FGT VÒTMKUEJG *CNDOQPF 'KP 'NGHCPV J·NV OKV FGO 4ÒUUGN GKPG DTGPPGPFG (CEMGN CP GKPG 6QPPG 6ÌPPKPI CWU FGTGP 5RWPF GKP 5VGKPDQEM UEJCWV KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG DTGPPGPFG 5VCFV #NVQPC OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT FQTV KP <KPP )CNUVGT .CPIG 1UUDCJT 44 #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT UGJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN

#WH FKGUGT ·WGTUV UCTMCUVKUEJGP /GFCKNNG YKTF FKG )GHCPIGPPCJOG FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP *GGTGU DGK 6ÌPPKPI PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO /CK YKGFGTWO KP (QTO FGU F·PKUEJGP 'NGHCPVGP WPF FGU 5VGKPDQEMU CNU 5KPPDKNF HÒT FGP INGKEJPCOKIGP UEJYGFKUEJGP (GNFOCTUEJCNN FCTIGUVGNNV FGT CWU GKPGT 6QPPG 5KPPDKNF HÒT 6ÌPPKPI JGTXQTUEJCWV &CU 'TGKIPKU YKTF FCDGK KP 8GTDKPFWPI IGUGV\V OKV FGT DTWVCNGP 'KP·UEJGTWPI #NVQPCU FWTEJ (GNFOCTUEJCNN /CIPWU 5VGPDQEM CO &G\GODGT WPF FKG 7OUEJTKHV DGVQPV 2#4 /'4+6+5 2ę0# &KG 5VTCHG GPVURTKEJV FGP 8GTDTGEJGP #WGTFGO YGKUV FKG 5RQVVRT·IWPI CWH FKG 7PXGTN·NKEJMGKV FGT 6ÒTMGP WPF FGT 6CTVCTGP JKP FKG FGO UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKI -CTN :++ 'ZKN IGY·JTVGP #O (GDTWCT CWH FGT /GFCKNNG KUV KTTVÒONKEJ CPIGIGDGP ICD GU -TCYCNNG WPF GKPGP VWOWNVCTVKIGP ªDGTHCNN CWH FCU KO 0QXGODGT GTTKEJVGVG 2CNCKU -CTNU :++ KP 8CTPKVUC DGK $GPFGT JGWVG KP FGT XQP /QNFCYKGP CDVTÒPPKIGP 2TQXKP\ 6TCPUPKUVTKGP IGNGIGP &KG 8QTFGTUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV GTOCJPV FGP 5EJYGFGPMÌPKI 010 #&+7614 5'& %75615 2412'4# &7: 'T =FGT 6ÒTMG? KUV PKEJV *GNHGT UQPFGTP 9·EJVGT DGGKNG &KEJ (ÒTUV &KG $G\GKEJPWPI &7: YCT GKPG GPQTOG $GNGKFKIWPI HÒT GKPGP -ÌPKI

5987

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 $GTI WPF / 4ÎI CWH FKG 'KP·UEJGTWPI #NVQPCU CO &G\GODGT WPF FKG 0KGFGTNGIWPI FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP 9CHHGP FWTEJ FKG IGHCPIGPIGPQOOGPGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 6TWRRGP KP *Q[GTUYQTV CO /CK PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO /CK )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGJ·PIVGO /CPVGN WPF 'NGHCPVGPQTFGP 5VTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG ÒDGT 2[TCOKFG CP FGT GKP 5EJKNF OKV FGT IGMTÌPVGP +PKVKCNG (TGFGTKMU +8 WPF GKPG )TWRRG XQP (CJPGP WPF 5VCPFCTVGP CPIGDTCEJV KUV T NKGIV GKP *CWHGP XQP UEJYGFKUEJGP (CJPGP 9CHHGP WPF 6TQRJ·GP \ 6 OKV FGT IGMTÌPVGP +PKVKCNG FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIU -CTN :++ KO *KPVGTITWPF N FKG DTGPPGPFG 5VCFV #NVQPC OO I )CNUVGT .CPIG 1UUDCJT 44 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (GKPG 2CVKPC HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T 0CEJ FGO #DOCTUEJ FGT IGHCPIGPIGPQOOGPGP UEJYGFKUEJGP 6TWRRGP OWVGP FKGUG CO /CK XQT FGO F·PKUEJGP -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM +8 XQTDGK\KGJGP FGT UKEJ KO *QHIWV *Q[GTUYQTV DGK 1NFGPUYQTV PÌTFNKEJ XQP 6ÌPPKPI CWHJKGNV &QTV NGIVGP UKG NCWV FGP 8GTGKPDCTWPIGP FGT 1NFGPUYQTVGT -CRKVWNCVKQP KJTG 9CHHGP PKGFGT WPF OWVGP CWEJ FKG GTQDGTVGP 6TQRJ·GP CDIGDGP #WEJ CWH FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG YKTF FKGUG UEJYGFKUEJG 5EJOCEJ KP <WUCOOGPJCPI OKV FGT DTWVCNGP 'KP·UEJGTWPI #NVQPCU FWTEJ (GNFOCTUEJCNN /CIPWU 5VGPDQEM IGUVGNNV 0GDGP FGT DKNFNKEJGP &CTUVGNNWPI FGT DGKFGP 'TGKIPKUUG CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG DGVQPV CWEJ FKG +PUEJTKHV 241:+/# 5+6 %7.2#' '56 7.6+1 +756# &'+ /#+ ':761 #4/+5 &7%' 58'% 56''0$7%-+1 2156 &+4#/ 74$ #.610 ':756+10'/ *144'0&1 2156'4+5 ':'/2.1 5Q HQNIV FKG IGTGEJVG 5VTCHG )QVVGU WPOKVVGNDCT CWH FCU 8GTDTGEJGP CNU FGT UEJYGFKUEJG (GNFJGTT 5VGPDQEM CO /CK PCEJ FGT DTWVCNGP 'KP·UEJGTWPI #NVQPCU IG\YWPIGP YCT UGKPG 9CHHGP CD\WNKGHGTP CNU CDUEJTGEMGPFGU $GKURKGN HÒT FKG 0CEJYGNV

5KNDGTOGFCKNNGP XQP WPF CWH FGP 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKPKUEJGP -TKGI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 'KPG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGU 0QTF 1UVUGGMCPCNU HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 401

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN

5988

1,5:1

&#5 *'4<1)67/ *1.56'+0 )166142

(TKGFTKEJ +++ 1XCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG )PCFGPRHGPPKI Q , XQP , $NWO )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGT (GNFDKPFG WPF .ÌYGPMQRHUEJWNVGT )GMTÌPVGU HÒPHHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP

0QTYGIGP 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKP 5VTQOCTP &KVJOCTUEJGP OKV /KVVGNUEJKNF 1NFGPDWTI &GNOGPJQTUV WOJGT \YGK IGMTGW\VG 2CNO\YGKIG Z OO I ,WPIM .CPIG 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T (TKGFTKEJ +++

Ó YCT FGT ·NVGUVG 5QJP ,QJCPP #FQNHU 0CEJ FGO 6QFG UGKPGU 8CVGTU VTCV GT FKG 4GIKGTWPI KP *QNUVGKP )QVVQTR CP /KV FGP 5V·PFGP YWTFG CWH FGO .CPFVCI KP 5EJNGUYKI KO &G\GODGT XGTGKPDCTV FC KP FGT XQO *GT\QI GTVGKNVGP $GUV·VKIWPI FGT .CPFGURTKXKNGIKGP FKG 9CJN CNU CWH FCU 4GEJV FGT 'TUVIGDWTV DGUEJT·PMV DG\GKEJPGV YGTFGP UQNNG &CFWTEJ YCT KP FGO JGT\QINKEJGP *CWUG FCU 9CJNTGEJV FGT 5V·PFG DGUGKVKIV WPF (TKGFTKEJ +++ FGT GTUVG JQNUVGKPKUEJG 'TDHÒTUV CWU FGO *CWUG 1NFGPDWTI 'T XGTO·JNVG UKEJ OKV /CTKC 'NKUCDGVJ 6QEJVGT FGU -WTHÒTUVGP ,QJCPP )GQTI + XQP 5CEJUGP FKG KJO -KPFGT UEJGPMVG &GT *GT\QI DGUC ITQG $KNFWPI WPF KPVGTGUUKGTVG UKEJ UGJT HÒT -WPUV WPF 9KUUGPUEJCHV +O 5EJNQ )QVVQTR GTTKEJVGVG GT FKG DGTÒJOVG -WPUVMCOOGT XGTOGJTVG FKG XQP UGKPGO 8CVGT IGITÒPFGVG $KDNKQVJGM WPF UEJWH JGTTNKEJG 2CTMCPNCIGP FKG \WO 6GKN JGWVG PQEJ XQTJCPFGP UKPF (TKGFTKEJ +++ UVCTD CO #WIWUV KP 6ÌPPKPI

5989

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 5 &CFNGT CWH UGKPG 8GTO·JNWPI OKV /CTKG 'NKUCDGVJ

Ó 6QEJVGT ,QJCPP )GQTIU + XQP 5CEJUGP &CU *QEJ\GKVURCCT TGKEJV UKEJ FKG *CPF ÒDGT GKPGO #NVCT FCTCWH 5EJCNG &GEMG WPF )KTNCPFG ÒDGT FGP *·PFGP GKP DTGPPGPFGU *GT\ QDGP FGT CNU 6CWDG FCTIGUVGNNVG *GKNKIG )GKUV FCTÒDGT UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP 'PIGN CWH 9QNMGP &CU JQNUVGKPKUEJG WPF FCU U·EJUKUEJG 9CRRGP KP -CTVWUEJG WOJGT FQRRGNVGT 5EJTKHVMTGKU WPF 4CPMGPYGTM OO I .CPIG 5NI /GTUGD 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

'KPG /GFCKNNG OKV FGO 2QTVT·V FGT 2TKP\GUUKP 'NKUCDGVJ 5QRJKG /CTKG XQP *QNUVGKP 0QTDWTI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T 402

SOLMS

5990 5991

5991

&+' 56#&6 5%*9'./

5%*9'./

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FCU L·JTKIG 5VCFVLWDKN·WO )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU *GT\QIU 9KNJGNO 8 XQP ,ÒNKEJ $GTI TGI T OKV ITQGT *CNUMTCWUG 5VCFVYCRRGP OO I *GPMGNURWT UGJT UEJÌP

51./5 &+' )4#(5%*#(6 51./5 .#7$#%*

%JTKUVKCP #WIWUV 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT 5 CWH FGP 6QF UGKPGU $TWFGTU (TKGF TKEJ /CIPWU CO #WIWUV )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF UGKPGU $TWFGTU T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN 8KGT HCEJ DGJGNOVGU CEJVHGNFKIGU 9CRRGP OO I ,QUGRJ 44 .GKEJVGT &QRRGNUEJNCI UGJT UEJÌP 'ZGORNCT FGT *CWUUCOONWPI FGT (ÒTUVGP \W 5QNOU *QJGPUQNOU .KEJ #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5992

9KNJGNO \W )TGKHGPUVGKP WPF 4GKPJCTF XQP *WPIGP 'KPUGKVKIGU $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNQP Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 8GTO·JNWPI UGKPGT 0KEJVG #OCNKG

$TCWPHGNU Ó &GP *CCI 6QEJVGT FGU )TCHGP ,QJCPP #NDTGEJV + OKV 2TKP\ (TKGFTKEJ *GKPTKEJ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP

Ó CO #RTKN $TWUVDKNF FGT )T·HKP #OCNKG JCNDN KP XGT\KGTVGO -NGKF OKV ITQGT *CNUMTCWUG WPF WOIGJ·PIVGO OKV 'FGNUVGKPGP DGUGV\VGO -TGW\ KO *CCT GKP 5EJOWEM KP (QTO XQP /CKINÌEMEJGP OO I ,QUGRJ C 44 /KV .QEJ UGJT UEJÌPG #TDGKV 'ZGORNCT FGT *CWUUCOONWPI FGT (ÒTUVGP \W 5QNOU *QJGPUQNOU .KEJ #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

403

STADE

5993

&+' 56#&6 56#&'

56#&'

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 $GTI CWH FKG -CRKVWNCVKQP XQP 5VCFG CO #WIWUV PCEJ ITGIQTKCPK UEJGO -CNGPFGT CO 5GRVGODGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU F·PKUEJGP -ÌPKIU (TGFGTKM +8 TGI T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF 'NGHCPVGPQTFGP &GT -ÌPKI N \W 2HGTF GORH·PIV XQP FGT XQT KJO MPKGPFGP RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP 5VCFV FKG 5VCFVUEJNÒUUGN XQT KJT NKGIGP FKG 9CRRGPUEJKNFG FGU *GT\QI VWOU $TGOGP 8GTFGP WPF FGT 5VCFV KO *KPVGTITWPF FCU (GNFNCIGT WPF FKG WPVGT $GUEJW UVGJGPFG 5VCFV OO I $CJTH )CNUVGT 44 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ &GT 5VGORGNUEJPGKFGT 2GVGT $GTI DGPWV\VG HÒT FKGUG /GFCKNNG FGP 8QTFGTUGKVGPUVGORGN GKPGT WPFCVKGTVGP KO ,CJT IGUEJPKVVGPGP 6CRHGTMGKVUOGFCKNNG )CNUVGT &GT 5VGORGN YCT CWEJ UEJQP HÒT FKG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG 5GGUEJNCEJV KP FGT -ÎIGDWEJV CO 5GRVGODGT )CNUVGT DGPWV\V YQTFGP +O 5QOOGT DGUEJNQ FGT F·PKUEJG -ÌPKI (TGFGTKM +8 GKPGP #PITKHH CWH FCU UEJYGFKUEJG *GT\QIVWO $TGOGP WPF 8GTFGP &KG F·PKUEJGP 6TWRRGP FKG \WUCOOGP OKV FGT KJPGP \WT 5GKVG IGUVGNNVGP U·EJUKUEJGP #TVKNNGTKG /CPP WOHCVGP ÒDGTUEJTKVVGP KO ,WNK FKG 'NDG WPF \QIGP KP 4KEJVWPI 5VCFG FGT *CWRVUVCFV FGU *GT\QIVWOU $TGOGP WPF 8GTFGP &GT UEJYGFKUEJG -QOOCPFCPV KP 5VCFG 1DGTUV %CTN #FCO 5VCEMGNDGTI DGICPP OKV FGT ªDGTUEJYGOOWPI FGT WONKGIGPFGP )GDKGVG WO FGP &·PGP GKPG $GNCIGTWPI WPOÌINKEJ \W OCEJGP &KG &·PGP XGTJKPFGTVGP LGFQEJ FKG (NWVWPI WPF DGICPPGP CO #WIWUV FKG $GNCIGTWPI WPF CO #WIWUV FGP $GUEJW FGT 5VCFV FGT KPVGPUKX 6CI WPF 0CEJV HQTVIGUGV\V YWTFG 0CEJ GKPGT 4GXQNVG FGT )CTPKUQP FKG UKEJ FWTEJ \CJNTGKEJG &GUGTVGWTG FTCUVKUEJ XGTMNGKPGTVG UCJ UKEJ -QOOCPFCPV 5VCEMGNDGTI CO #WIWUV \WT -CRKVWNCVKQP IG\YWPIGP &GT XGTDNKGDGPG 4GUV FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP )CTPKUQP /CPP YWTFG IGHCPIGPIGPQOOGP

5994

&+' 56#&6 564#.570&

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 2 * /ÒNNGT CWH FKG 4ÒEMMGJT FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIU -CTN :++ CWU FGO VÒTMKUEJGP 'ZKN WPF UGKPG #PMWPHV KP 5VTCNUWPF CO 0QXGODGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO 0QXGODGT )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN WPF .ÌYGPMQRHUEJWNVGT -CTN :++ UVGJV CP GKPGO TWPFGP #NVCT CP FGO GKPG MPKGPFG YGKDNKEJG (KIWT FCU RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 5EJYGFGP GKP 4CWEJQRHGT FCTDTKPIV QDGP J·NV GKP )GPKWU GKPGP 2CNO\YGKI ÒDGT FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKI WPF \GKIV \WO *KOOGN OO I 'PFTWGKV (QTUVGT *KNFGDTCPF + 5 44 *ÒDUEJG 2CVKPC YKP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJFGO UKEJ FKG *QHHPWPIGP FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIU -CTN :++ CWH GKP $ÒPFPKU OKV FGT 6ÒTMGK PKEJV GTHÒNNV JCVVGP XGTNKG GT OKV UGKPGP .GWVGP UEJNKGNKEJ CO 5GRVGODGT UGKP KP FGT 0·JG XQP #FTKCPQRGN VÒTMKUEJ 'FKTPG IGNGIGPGU 'ZKN &GOQVKMC WPF GKNVG KP 4KEJVWPI 0QTFGP +P 2KVGUVK KP FGT TWO·PKUEJGP 9CNCEJGK EC MO YGUVNKEJ XQP $WMCTGUV VTGPPVG UKEJ -CTN :++ XQP UGKPGT /CPPUEJCHV WPF GKNVG WPVGT FGO &GEMPCOGP %CTN (TKUM PWT XQP \YGK 1HHK\KGTGP DGINGKVGV ÒDGT *GTOCPPUVCFV 9KGP 4GIGPUDWTI 0ÒTPDGTI WPF -CUUGN PCEJ 5VTCNUWPF YQ GT CO 0QXGODGT GKPVTCH &KG 4ÒEMUGKVGPWOUEJTKHV GTN·WVGTV 4'&&+675 '1+5 2#64+#/ 51.#674 #$ 14+5 <WTÒEMIGIGDGP XQO 1TKGPV URGPFGV GT UGKPGO 8CVGTNCPF 6TQUV #WH FGO #NVCT YKTF HÒT FKG UKEJGTG 4ÒEMTGKUG IGFCPMV (14680 4'&8%+ &GT 5EJKEMUCNUIÌVVKP FGT INÒEMNKEJGP 4ÒEMMGJT

404

564#.570&

ULM

5995

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 4ÒEMMGJT FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIU -CTN :++ CWU FGO VÒTMKUEJGP 'ZKN WPF UGKPG #PMWPHV KP 5VTCNUWPF CO 0QXGODGT PCEJ ITGIQTKCPKUEJGO -CNGPFGT CO 0QXGODGT -CTN :++ TGKVGV T 9#5 514)'6 +*4 &1%* Û )166 70& +%* .'$'0 +# 01%* Ü OO I 'PFTWGKV E *KNFGDTCPF + 5 (GKPG 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJ -CTN :++ UQNN CWH UGKPGT *GKOTGKUG KP GKPGO )CUVJCWU KP $GTIGP *GUUGP GTMCPPV WPF XQT 7OUVWT\RN·PGP IGYCTPV YQTFGP UGKP YQTCWH GT KP GKP )·UVGDWEJ FGP 5RTWEJ GKPIGVTCIGP JCDG FGT CWH FGT XQTNKGIGPFGP /GFCKNNG \W NGUGP KUV &KG 'ZKUVGP\ \CJNTGKEJGT FGWVUEJGT /GFCKNNGP CWH FGP DGFGWVGPFGP 5EJYGFGPMÌPKI KUV GKP $GNGI HÒT UGKPG ITQG $GNKGDVJGKV KO 4GKEJ

5997

5996

(ª456'0

5996

6*740 70& 6#:+5

%CTN #PUGNO 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , / $ÒEMNG WPF ) % $WUEJ CWH FGP (ÒTUVGP %CTN #PUGNO IGUVKHVGV XQP FGT 5VCFV 4GIGPUDWTI )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I $KPFGT (QTUVGT #VVTCMVKXGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 2CVKPC XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , / $ÒEMNG CWH FKG *WNFKIWPI XQP (TKGFDGTI WPF 5EJGGT $TWUVDKNF T OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN .QTDGGTMTCP\ ÒDGT FGP 9CRRGP XQP (TKGFDGTI WPF 5EJGGT FCTÒDGT WPF \W FGP 5GKVGP HÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I (QTUVGT 4 *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI -N 5VGORGNHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5998

&+' 56#&6 7./

7./

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) *CWVUEJ CWH FKG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI 7NOU FWTEJ FKG -CKUGTNKEJGP )GJCTPKUEJVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU MCKUGTNKEJGP (GNFOCTUEJCNNU *CPU %CTN XQP 6JÒPIGP JCNDN OKV WOIGNGIVGT 1TFGPUMGVVG &GT (GNFOCTUEJCNN KP TÌOKUEJGT (GNFJGTTPMNGKFWPI WPF GKPGO 9WTHURKG KP FGT .KPMGP YKTF XQP GKPGO JKPVGT KJO UVGJGPFGP )GPKWU DGMT·P\V WPF TGKEJV FGT PCEJ N UVGJGPFGP 5VCFVIÌVVKP FKG *CPF FKG OKV FGT .KPMGP GKPGP 5EJKNF J·NV FCTCWH 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT 2QUVCOGPV OKV FGO 5VCFVYCRRGP XQP 7NO /KV 4CPF UEJTKHV OO I 0CW 5NI /QPVGPWQXQ 4 9KP\ -TCV\GT OKP DGTKGDGP XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 'KPG /GFCKNNG XQP CWH FKG 'KPPCJOG XQP 7NO FWTEJ 0CRQN¾QP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

405

WESEL

5999

9#..'056'+0

#NDTGEJV *GT\QI XQP (TKGFNCPF $TQP\G 5WKVGPOGFCKNNG XQP 2 9QNHH $TWUVDKNF T <GJP <GKNGP \ 6 IGDQIGPG 5EJTKHV /KV 4CPFITCXWT /10#%*++ OO &QPGD ( W 5 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6000

&+' 56#&6 9'5'.

9'5'.

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 9GUGN WPF U *GTVQIGPDQUEJ FWTEJ (TKGFTKEJ *GKPTKEJ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG TGI 6QRQITCHKUEJG -CTVG FGT (GUVWPI 9GUGN CO 4JGKP &GT 5VCVVJCNVGT TGKVGV N KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP U *GTVQIGPDQUEJ OO I 5NI 9G[ICPF X .QQP ++ 5 44 <YGK YKP\ &TWEMUVGNNGP XQT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T &KG (GUVWPI 9GUGN NCI CO <WUCOOGPHNW XQP .KRRG WPF 4JGKP 5KG YCT GKPG CNVG MNGXKUEJG 9GJTCPNCIG YWTFG XQP $TCPFGPDWTI ÒDGTPQOOGP WPF DKU KP FKG (TCP\QUGP\GKV IGPWV\V 0QEJ JGWVG UKPF 4GUVG FGU (GUVYGTMU \W UGJGP YGPP OCP ÒDGT FKG 4JGKPDTÒEMG KP 4KEJVWPI 9GUGN H·JTV )GIGPÒDGT NKGIV FGT CNVG 1TV $ÒFGTKEJ GKPG OKVVGNCNVGTNKEJG /ÒP\UV·VVG #WH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FGT /GFCKNNG KUV FKG 6QRQITCRJKG IGPCW CPIGIGDGP #WHOCTUEJKGTGPFG 6TWRRGP 9KPFOÒJNGP KO )GN·PFG WPF 5EJKHHG CWH FGO 4JGKP

6001

406

.GFGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 9GUGN WPF U *GTVQIGPDQUEJ FWTEJ (TKGFTKEJ *GKPTKEJ XQP 0CUUCW 1TCPKGP 5VCVVJCNVGT FGT 0KGFGTNCPFG TGI 6QRQITCHKUEJG -CTVG FGT (GUVWPI 9GUGN CO 4JGKP &GT 5VCVVJCNVGT TGKVGV N KO *KPVGTITWPF FKG 5VCFVCPUKEJV XQP U *GTVQIGPDQUEJ OO 5NI 9G[ICPF \W X .QQP \W ++ 5 5GJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT

WÜRTTEMBERG

6002

9'562*#.'0 &#5 -¤0+)4'+%* 9'562*#.'0

*KGTQP[OWU 0CRQNGQP 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 9 -ÌTPGT CWH FGP $GUWEJ FGU -ÌPKIU RCCTGU KP FGP %NCWUVJCNGT $GTIYGTMGP &KG -ÌRHG XQP *KGTQP[OWU 0CRQNGQP WPF UGKPGT )GOCJNKP -CVJCTKPC

Ó 6QEJVGT FGU -ÌPKIU (TKGFTKEJ + XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT 5EJN·IGN 'KUGP WPF .CORG WOJGT .QTDGGTMTCP\ OO I /ÒUGNGT C 5NI ,WNKWU XCT *GTTNKEJG 6ÌPWPI YKP\ -TCV\GT XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ /KV FKGUGT /GFCKNNG DTCEJVGP FKG $GYQJPGT XQP %NCWUVJCN KJTG *WNFKIWPI FCT CNU FCU -ÌPKIURCCT KO ,CJTG FCU 5KNDGTDGTIYGTM DGUWEJVG

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG OKV $G\WI \WO -ÌPKITGKEJ 9GUVRJCNGP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

9+'&

'KPG /GFCKNNG CWH FKG TWO·PKUEJG -ÌPKIKP 'NKUCDGVJ 2CWNKPG 1VVKNKG .WKUG %CTOGP 5[NXC 2TKP\GUUKP XQP 9KGF HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

6003

1,5:1

6003

9ª466'/$'4) &#5 *'4<1)67/ 9ª466'/$'4)

-CTN 4WFQNH XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI 0GWGPUVCFV CNU #FOKPKUVTCVQT WPF 8QTOWPF XQP -CTN 'WIGP 5CVKTKUEJG 5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG *KPTKEJVWPI FGU LÒFKUEJGP (KPCP\DGTCVGTU ,QUGRJ 5Ò 1RRGPJGKOGT

Ó $TWUVDKNF 5Ò 1RRGPJGKOGTU N KP 5VCCVUMNGKFWPI 'KP )CNIGP OKV CPIGJ·PIVGO 8QIGNM·HKI KP FGO 5Ò 1RRGPJGKOGT UVGJV KUV CWH GKPGO IGOCWGTVGP 5QEMGN CWHIGDCWV WOJGT GKPKIG UKV\GPFG D\Y HNKGIGPFG 4CDGP OO I $KPFGT 5 %QNN (KGYGIGT FQTV IGRT·IV 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 1TKIKPCNIW (GKPG 2CVKPC CVVTCMVKXGU UGJT UEJÌPGU 'ZGORNCT 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ FGO 6QF -CTN #NGZCPFGTU ÒDGTPCJO -CTN 4WFQNH XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI 0GWGPUVCFV FKG 4GIGPVUEJCHV HÒT FGP OKPFGTL·JTKIGP -CTN 'WIGP -CTN #NGZCPFGT JCVVG Y·JTGPF UGKPGT 4GIKGTWPIU\GKV FGP LÒFKUEJGP (KPCP\DGTCVGT ,QUGRJ 5Ò 1RRGPJGKOGT \WT 5CPKGTWPI FGT DCPMTQVVGP 5VCCVUHKPCP\GP JKP\WIG\QIGP FGUUGP /CPCJOGP IGIGP FGP 9KNNGP FGU $GCOVGPVWOU WPF FGT .CPFUV·PFG FWTEJIGHÒJTV YWTFGP 7O FKG CWHIGDTCEJVGP 5VCCVUNGWVG \W DGU·PHVKIGP CM\GRVKGTVG -CTN 4WFQNH UEJNKGNKEJ FGP ,WUVK\OQTF CP 5Ò 1RRGPJGKOGT 'T YWTFG CO (GDTWCT CO )CNIGP IGJGPMV WPF UGKP .GKEJPCO UGEJU ,CJTG NCPI KP GKPGO GKUGTPGP -·HKI ÌHHGPVNKEJ \WT 5EJCW IGUVGNNV 'TUV *GT\QI -CTN 'WIGP NKG FGP -·HKI DGK UGKPGO 4GIKGTWPIUCPVTKVV CDPGJOGP

407

WÜRZBURG

1,5:1

6004

&#5 $+567/ 9ª4<$74)

408

9ª4<$74)

,QJCPP 2JKNKRR XQP )TGKHHGPMNCW 8QNNTCVJU 5KNDGTOGFCKNNQP XQP ) *CWVUEJ 5VCFV CPUKEJV CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG FCTÒDGT 9ª46<$84) KO 8QTFGTITWPF \YGK IGMTGW\VG (ÒNN JÌTPGT 8GT\KGTVGT 5EJKNF OKV XKGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV *GTDKRQNKU 5QNC ,WFKECV GPUG GV 5VQNC Û CWH 9CRRGPOCPVGN FCTÒDGT (ÒTUVGPJWV FCJKPVGT 5EJYGTV WPF -TWOOUVCD IGMTGW\V OO I *GNOUEJTQVV 5NI 2KNQV[ 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 5EJÌPG 2CVKPC MN 4CPFHGJNGT WPF -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

DEUTSCHE KOLONIEN

/'&#+..'0 &'4 &'765%*'0 -1.10+'0

6005

.ª&'4+6<.#0& #0)4# 2'37'0#

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FKG 8GTMÒPFWPI FGU &GWVUEJGP 2TQVGMVQTCVGU ÒDGT .ÒFGTKV\NCPF 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF 9KNJGNOU + -ÌPKI XQP 2TGWGP TGI T (GWGTPFGU 5EJKHH XQT -ÒUVG OO /CTKGPD 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6006

6007

6008

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FKG $GUKV\PCJOG XQP #PITC 2GSWGPC #WHIGTKEJVGVGU -TGW\ KP .CPFUEJCHV KO *KPVGTITWPF /GGT QDGP UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG ÒDGT 9QNMGP 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP IGMTÌPVGT #FNGT OKV 9CRRGP CWH FGT $TWUV OO /CTKGPD C 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

&'765%*'5 ':2'&+6+105-1425 +0 %*+0#

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV 1GTVGN $GTNKP CWH FCU $QODCTFGOGPV FGT 6CMW (QTVU Y·JTGPF FGU -TKGIGU $QZGTCWHUVCPF KP %JKPC &CU -CPQPGPDQQV 5 / 5 +NVKU CWH 5GG #PUKEJV FGT .CPFUEJCHV CWU FGT 8QIGNRGTURGMVKXG OKV FGO (NW 2GKJQ WPF FGP CO 7HGT DGHKPFNKEJGP (GUVWPIGP OO I /CTKGPD 8QT\ÒINKEJGU 'ZGORNCT OKV HGKPGT 6ÌPWPI 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT $GTNKP 0T

-+#765%*17

5CVKTKUEJG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 8GTVGKFKIWPI -KCWVUEJQWU IGIGP FKG ,CRCPGT 'KP 'PIN·PFGT UEJKEMV GKPGP #HHGP KP LCRCPKUEJGT 7PKHQTO KP GKPGP 'KEJDCWO KP FGO QDGP FGT IGMTÌPVG FGWVUEJG #FNGT UKV\V CP FGP WPVGTGP <YGKIGP FTGK )GJGPMVG <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FC\YKUEJGP \YGK #DUEJPKVVUNKPKGP OO <GV\OCPP FQTV KP 5KNDGT 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 0CEJ FGT LCRCPKUEJGP -TKGIUGTMN·TWPI CP FCU &GWVUEJG 4GKEJ XQO #WIWUV XGTVGKFKIVG FKG TWPF /CPP UVCTMG FGWVUEJG )CTPKUQP WPVGTUVÒV\V XQP XKGT -CPQPGPDQQVGP GKPGO 6QTRGFQDQQV WPF FGO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -TGW\GT -CKUGTKP 'NKUCDGVJ FKG (GUVWPI 6UKPIVCW GTHQNITGKEJ DKU \WT 'TUEJÌRHWPI FGT 8GTVGKFKIWPIUOKVVGN IGIGP FKG /CPP UVCTMGP LCRCPKUEJGP WPF DTKVKUEJGP XQP UVCTMGP /CTKPGGKPJGKVGP WPVGTUVÒV\VGP $GNCIGTWPIUVTWRRGP 'TUV CO 0QXGODGT WPVGT\GKEJPGVG FGT )QWXGTPGWT -CRKV·P \WT 5GG /G[GT 9CNFGEM FKG -CRKVWNCVKQP <W FGO GJGOCNKIGP FGWVUEJGP 2CEJVIGDKGV WPF (NQVVGPUVÒV\RWPMV KP %JKPC IGJÌTVGP FKG $WEJV XQP -KCWVUEJQW FKG *CNDKPUGN 6UKPIVCW WPF FKG *CNDKPUGN *CK UK

409

DEUTSCHE KOLONIEN

6009

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # *WOOGN CWH FKG *GNFGP XQP 6UKPIVCW 0CEMVGT -TKGIGT OKV -TKGIUHNCIIG WPF 5EJYGTV UVGJV PCEJ N PGDGP GKPGO CO $QFGP NKGIGPFGP )GHCNNGPGP 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPF ,CJTGU \CJN WOJGT 'KEJGPMTCP\ /KV 4CPFITCXWT 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 0CEJ FGT LCRCPKUEJGP -TKGIUGTMN·TWPI CP FCU &GWVUEJG 4GKEJ XQO #WIWUV XGTVGKFKIVG FKG TWPF /CPP UVCTMG FGWVUEJG )CTPKUQP WPVGTUVÒV\V XQP XKGT -CPQPGPDQQVGP GKPGO 6QTRGFQDQQV WPF FGO ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJGP -TGW\GT -CKUGTKP 'NKUCDGVJ FKG (GUVWPI 6UKPIVCW GTHQNITGKEJ DKU \WT 'TUEJÌRHWPI FGT 8GTVGKFKIWPIUOKVVGN IGIGP FKG /CPP UVCTMGP LCRCPKUEJGP WPF DTKVKUEJGP XQP UVCTMGP /CTKPGGKPJGKVGP WPVGTUVÒV\VGP $GNCIGTWPIUVTWRRGP 'TUV CO 0QXGODGT WPVGT\GKEJPGVG FGT )QWXGTPGWT -CRKV·P \WT 5GG /G[GT 9CNFGEM FKG -CRKVWNCVKQP <W FGO GJGOCNKIGP FGWVUEJGP 2CEJVIGDKGV WPF (NQVVGPUVÒV\RWPMV KP %JKPC IGJÌTVGP FKG $WEJV XQP -KCWVUEJQW FKG *CNDKPUGN 6UKPIVCW WPF FKG *CNDKPUGN *CK UK &GT 6GZV KO 8QTFGTUGKVGPHGNF FKGUGT /GFCKNNG YCT KP FGO 6GNGITCOO \W NGUGP FCU FGT )QWXGTPGWT /G[GT 9CNFGEM DGK $GIKPP FGT $GNCIGTWPI 6UKPIVCWU CP -CKUGT 9KNJGNO ++ UCPFVG '+056'*' (ª4 2(.+%*6'4(ª..70) $+5 <7/ 755'456'0

6010

'KUGPIWOGFCKNNG 5KIPCVWT PKEJV NGUDCT CWH FGP )QWXGTPGWT XQP 6UKPIVCW #NHTGF /G[GT 9CNFGEM

Ó $ÒUVG /G[GT 9CNFGEMU JCNDT -TKGIGT OKV 5EJYGTV UVGJV X X CWH (GNUGP KO /GGT \W FGP 5GKVGP LG FTGK .GQRCTFGPMÌRHG OO 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV 8QT\ÒINKEJGT )W 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

410

ERSTER WELTKRIEG

6011

&'765%* 156#(4+-#

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , 9KVVGTYWNEJG CWH FKG DGNIKUEJGP #PVGKNG DGK FGT #WHVGKNWPI FGT FGWVUEJGP -QNQPKGP PCEJ FGO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI 'KPIGDQTGPGT 5QNFCV MPKGV PCEJ N OKV FGO )GYGJT KO #PUEJNCI 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UKV\V PCEJ T XQT KJT MPKGV GKP 'KPIGDQTGPGT WPF MÒV KJTG *CPF OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6012

4'+%*5-1.10+#.$70&

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP , /QTKP CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 'TYGTDU FGWVUEJGT -QNQPKGP 0CEMVGT /CPP OKV $WUEJOGUUGT KP FGT GTJQDGPGP 4GEJVGP IGJV N FWTEJ &QTPGPIGUVTÒRR 9GNVMWIGN OKV FGO CHTKMCPKUEJGP -QPVKPGPV WOJGT GKPJGKOKUEJG 6KGTG OO I 5NI )TÌPGITG 8QP RQNKGTVGP 5VGORGNP HCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

&+' <'+6 &'5 '456'0 9'.6-4+')'5

6013

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FKG 0QVNCPFWPI FGU <GRRGNKP .WHVUEJKHHU < +8 .< DGK .WP¾XKNNG &CU .WHVUEJKHH DGK FGT .CPFWPI XGTHQNIV XQP GKPGO &QRRGNFGEMGT WPF HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -CXCNNGTKUVGP &GT ICNNKUEJG *CJP WPF FGT FGWVUEJG #FNGT UVGJGP UKEJ IGTGK\V IGIGPÒDGT /KV 4CPF RWP\G $#;'4 *#726/ª0<#/6 ('+05+.$'4 OO I -CKUGT -KGPCUV 5GJT UGNVGP XQT CNNGO KP 5KNDGT 5GJT CVVTCMVKXGU OCVVKGTVGU 'ZGORNCT 8QT\ÒINKEJ GTJCNVGP 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

411

ERSTER WELTKRIEG

6014

6015

1XCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * *CJP CWH FGP #WUDTWEJ FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU -QRH FGT )GTOCPKC JCNDN 0CEMVGT -TKGIGT UVGJV JCNDN FCU 5EJYGTV OKV DGKFGP *Â·PFGP \WO 5EJNCI GTJQDGP /KV 4CPF RWP\G Z OO I <GV\OCPP 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # )CNCODQU CWH FGP #WUDTWEJ FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIU WPF FKG 4GFG -CKUGT 9KNJGNOU ++ XQT FGO 4GKEJUVCI 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF 9KNJGNOU ++ T OKV *GNO #WHIGTKEJVGVGU 5EJYGTV \YKUEJGP HÃ&#x2019;PH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV WPF FGT IGVGKNVGP ,CJTGU\CJN FCJKPVGT UVTCJNGPFG 5QPPG /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

6016

6017

6018

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0Ã&#x2019;TPDGTI CWH FGP )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN WPF 4GKEJURTÂ·UKFGPVGP 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI

Ã&#x201C; 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP *KPFGPDWTIU JCNDN 4KVVGT OKV #FNGTUEJKNF KP FGT .KPMGP WPF IG\QIGPGO 5EJYGTV KP FGT 4GEJVGP TGKVGV N /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0Ã&#x2019;TPDGTI CWH )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN -CTN 9KNJGNO 2CWN XQP $Ã&#x2019;NQY

Ã&#x201C; 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP $Ã&#x2019;NQYU HCUV X X 'KUGTPGU -TGW\ CWH IGMTGW\VGP 5EJYGTVGTP \YKUEJGP .QTDGGT\YGKIGP FCTWPVGT ,CJTGU\CJN WPF \GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 $CEJOCPP CWH FKG 8GTPKEJVWPI FGT GPINKUEJGP 2CP\GTMTGW\GT #DQWMKT *QIWG WPF %TGUU[ FWTEJ FCU FGWVUEJG 7PVGTUGGDQQV 7 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU -CRKVÂ·PNGWVPCPVU WPF 7 $QQV -QOOCPFCPVGP 1VVQ 'FWCTF 9GFFKIGP

Ã&#x201C; HCUV X X 8QP 6QTRGFQ IGVTQHHGPGT UKPMGPFGT 2CP\GTMTGW\GT FCJKPVGT \YGK YGKVGTG -TKGIUUEJKHHG /KV \YGK 4CPFRWP\GP -QRH WPF $NCVV OO I <GV\OCPP -N -TCV\GT HCUV XQT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT 5COONWPI *CPU 9KNJGNO 9KGDG #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -Ã&#x2019;PMGT $GTNKP 0T

412

6015

ERSTER WELTKRIEG

6019

6020

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV /C[GT WPF 9KNJGNO 5VWVVICTV CWH FGP -TKGIUGKPUCV\ FGU <GRRGNKP .WHV UEJKHHGU $TWUVDKNF FGU $GITÒPFGTU FGU .WHVUEJKHHDCWU (GTFKPCPF )TCH XQP <GRRGNKP

Ó X X FGP -QRH JCNDT IGYCPFV &CU .WHVUEJKHH DQODCTFKGTV (GUVWPIUCPNCIGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I -CKUGT <GV\OCPP 4 2TCEJVGZGORNCT *GTTNKEJG 2CVKPC 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 -ÒEJNGT CWH 2TKP\ 9KNJGNO 'KVGN (TKGFTKEJ %JTKUVKCP

Ó 5QJP -CKUGT 9KNJGNOU ++ (ÒJTGT FGT 'TUVGP )CTFGFKXKUKQP KO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUV DKNF FGU 2TKP\GP JCNDN &GT 2TKP\ IGJV N CNU 6TQOONGT XQP 5V 3WGPVKP /KV 4CPFITCXWTGP 5+.$'4 WPF &5 OO I <GV\OCPP /CVVKGTV XQT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

6021

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP / 5EJCWUU CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV DGK $T\G\KP[ 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )GPGTCNU -CTN .KV\OCPP

Ó T 4KVVGT OKV &QNEJ M·ORHV IGIGP XKGT 9ÌNHG /KV \YGK 4CPF RWP\GP 5+.$'4 WPF &5 OO I <GV\OCPP 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6022

6023

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * 5EJYGIGTNG 9GTMUVCVV 2QGNNCVJ 5EJTQDGPJCWUGP CWH FKG 5EJNCEJV \YKUEJGP /GV\ WPF FGP 8QIGUGP 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU -TQPRTKP\GP 4WRRTGEJV XQP $C[GTP

Ó T .ÌYGPMQRH N FCTWPVGT 5EJYGTV XQP .QTDGGT WOYWPFGP /KV \YGK 4CPFRWP\GP 5+.$'4 WPF &5 OO I <GV\OCPP 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T 4WRRTGEJV IGDQTGP CO /CK YCT FGT ·NVGUVG 5QJP XQP -ÌPKI .WFYKI +++ WPF 6JGTGUG 0CEJ FGO 5VWFKWO GTJKGNV -TQPRTKP\ 4WRRTGEJV GKPG WOHCUUGPFG OKNKV·TKUEJG #WUDKNFWPI WPF OCEJVG -CTTKGTG KO DC[GTKUEJGP /KNKV·T +O 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI \WP·EJUV 1DGTDGHGJNUJGDGT FGT #TOGG YWTFG GT )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN WPF HÒJTVG CP FGT 9GUVHTQPV FKG *GGTGUITWRRG -TQPRTKP\ 4WRRTGEJV &GT MQUOQRQNKVKUEJG -TQPRTKP\ FGT CWH OGJTGTGP 9GNVTGKUGP XKGNH·NVKIG .GDGPUDGFKPIWPIGP MGPPGPNGTPVG YWTFG XQP FGP 0CVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUVGP XGTHQNIV UGKPG (COKNKG UQICT KP -QP\GPVTCVKQPUNCIGTP KPJCHVKGTV -TQPRTKP\ 4WRRTGEJV UVCTD CO #WIWUV KO #NVGT XQP ,CJTGP KO 5EJNQ .GWVUVGVVGP KP 1DGTDC[GTP

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP 2 5VWTO CWH FKG 8GTYWPFGVGPHÒTUQTIG $TWUVDKNF #WIWUVG 8KMVQTKCU

Ó )GOCJNKP -CKUGT 9KNJGNOU ++ N FCXQT -TGW\ 5CPKV·VGT XGTDKPFGV XQP GKPGT 5EJYGUVGT WPVGTUVÒV\V GKPGO 8GTYWPFGVGP FGP #TO /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

413

ERSTER WELTKRIEG

6025

6024

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FGP 6QF FGT )TCHGP XQP 5RGG Y·JTGPF FGU 5GGIGHGEJVU DGK FGP (CNMNCPFKPUGNP CO &G\GODGT $TWUVDKNFGT FGU /CTKPGQHHK\KGTU /CZKOKNKCP 4GKEJUITCH XQP 5RGG

OKV UGKPGP 5ÌJPGP *GKPTKEJ

WPF 1VVQ

PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X FCTWPVGT 5EJTKHV #FNGT OKV .QTDGGT\YGKI KP FGP (·PIGP HNKGIV N ÒDGT /GGT /KV 4CPFITCXWT $#;'4Ü *#726/70<#/6 Û ('+05+.$'4 OO I -KGPCUV <GV\OCPP XCT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FGP )GPGTCNUVCDUEJGH WPF -TKGIUOKPKUVGT 'TKEJ XQP (CNMGPJC[P

Ó 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP (CNMGPJC[PU X X 4KVVGT OKV #FNGTUEJKNF KP FGT .KPMGP WPF IG\QIGPGO 5EJYGTV KP FGT 4GEJVGP TGKVGV N /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP 5VGORGNINCP\

6026

6027

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV XQP ' 9TGFG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FGP )TQCFOKTCN WPF 5VCCVUUGMTGV·T #NHTGF 2GVGT (TKGFTKEJ XQP 6KTRKV\

Ó 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP 6KTRKV\ JCNDN &TGK #FNGT ÒDGT GKPGT XQP VQUGPFGP 9GNNGP IGVTQHHGPGP 5VGKNMÒUVG 4CPF 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV 1GTVGN $GTNKP CWH FKG $GHTGKWPI 1UVRTGWGPU 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNNU 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI

Ó JCNDN &CU 8QNM XGTCDUEJKGFGV FKG KP FGP -TKGI \KGJGPFGP 5QNFCVGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

6028

414

'KUGPIWOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ #OGTKMCU PGWVTCNGU *CPFGNP $TWUVDKNF FGU COGTKMCPKUEJGP 2T·UKFGPVGP 6JQOCU 9QQFTQY 9KNUQP

Ó X X 2T·UKFGPV #DTCJCO .KPEQNP

Ó UKV\V PCEJ N CWH -CPQPGPMWIGNP KP FGT 4GEJVGP )GNFUCEM KP FGT .KPMGP 5EJKHH JKPVGT KJO -CPQPG OO -KGPCUV 8QT\ÒINKEJ

ERSTER WELTKRIEG

6030

6029

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH )TQDTKVCPPKGPU 2TQVGMVQTCV ÒDGT I[RVGP $TWUVDKNF FGU DTKVKUEJGP #WGPOKPKUVGTU 'FYCTF )TG[

Ó X X JKPVGT KJO FGT RGTUQPKHK\KGTVG 6QF FGT GKP 5VWPFGPINCU PGDGP UGKP )GUKEJV J·NV 5RJKPZ T FCJKPVGT -CTCYCPG XQT 2[TCOKFGP QDGP 5VGTP WPF *CNDOQPF OO -KGPCUV 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( -ÌPKI 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FGP 8KGTGTDWPF &KG $TWUVDKNFGT /QJCOOGFU 8 XQP FGT 6ÒTMGK WPF (GTFKPCPFU + XQP $WNICTKGP PGDGPGKPCPFGT X X FCTWPVGT FKG $TWUVDKNFGT (TCP\ ,QUGHU + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ WPF -CKUGT 9KNJGNOU ++ GKPCPFGT IGIGPÒDGT FC\YKUEJGP 5EJYGTV OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ <YGK -TKGIGT OKV (CEMGN WPF 5EJYGTV D\Y (CJPG WPF 6TQORGVG T /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP 4 5VGORGNINCP\

6031

6032

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 1 *QRRG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FGP VÒTMKUEJGP -TKGIUOKPKUVGT 'PXGT 2CUEJC

Ó 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF 'PXGT 2CUEJCU HCUV X X N 5VGTP WOJGT *CNDOQPF #FNGT OKV CWUIGDTGKVGVGP (NÒIGNP UVGJV X X CWH VÒTMKUEJGT (NCIIG OO I <GV\OCPP 5VGORGNINCP\

'KUGPOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV /C[GT 9KNJGNO 5VWVVICTV CWH FKG 9CHHGPDTÒFGTUEJCHV OKV ¤UVGTTGKEJ FGT 6ÒTMGK WPF $WNICTKGP &KG $TWUVDKNFGT 9KNJGNOU ++ WPF (TCP\ ,QUGRJU + XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ PGDGP GKPPCPFGT N KP XGTVKGHVGO 4GEJVGEM N FCU $TWUVDKNF (GTFKPCPFU + XQP $WNICTKGP T FCU XQP /QJCOOGF 8 XQP FGT 6ÒTMGK 8KGT 5QNFCVGP T OKV )GYGJTGP CWH *ÒIGN OO <GV\OCPP 8QTFGTUGKVG FQTV KP 5KNDGT 4 -N (NGEMGP XQT\ÒINKEJ

6033

6034

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ( 'WG WPF ' 9TGFG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FGP 6QF FGU ,CIFHNKGIGTU 1UYCNF $QGNEMG

7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF $QGNEMGU N 'KPFGEMGT XGTHQNIV \YGK &QRRGNFGEMGT XQP FGPGP FGT TGEJVG CDUVÒT\V /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # *WOOGN 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FGP )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV *GT\QI #NDTGEJV XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI

Ó 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF #NDTGEJVU JCNDT <YGK 5QNFCVGP X X KO )GHGEJVUHGNF \YKUEJGP GZRNQFKGTGPFGP )TCPCVGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G 5+.$'4 OO I <GV\OCPP 5VGORGNINCP\

415

ERSTER WELTKRIEG

6035 1:2

'KUGPOGFCKNNG Q , OKV 5KIPCVWT # ) $GJGNOVGU $TWUVDKNF GKPGU 5QNFCVGP N (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO 5GJT UEJÌPpXQT\ÒINKEJ

6037 6036

6036

'KUGPOGFCKNNG XQP )CWN $CWO \YKUEJGP FGP ,CJTGU\CJNGP <KVCV XQP )QGVJG &#5 #..'4/+0&'56' /ª556 +*4 '06&'%-'0 #7( &#5 )'5%*9+0&'56' +0 #..'0 '%-'0 )1'6*' WOJGT +PUGMVGP OO 5GJT UEJÌP

5CVKTKUEJG GKPUGKVKIG $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'TNGDPKUUG FGU -TKOKPQNQIGP *CPU XQP *GPVKI

Ó KP 2CN·UVKPC XQP 'UGN OKV IGÌHHPGVGO /CWN WPF WOIGUEJPCNNVGT -CPQPG UEJKGV CWH GKPGO XQT KJO UVGJGPFGP /CPP FGT FKG #TOG JGDV OO 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6038

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV 5CEJUGP 6JCNGT IGHGTVKIV \WT 'TKPPGTWPI CP FGP 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI 5QNFCVGP OKV .CP\GP PCEJ T \W 2HGTF KP GKPGT 4GKJG CWHIGUVGNNV 0CEMVGT /CPP RCEMV GKP 5MGNGVV FCU OKV GKPGT 5GPUG PCEJ N CWH GKPGO CDIGOCIGTVGP 2HGTF UKV\V OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ 9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP OKV $G\WI \WO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

416

WEIMARER REPUBLIK

&+' <'+6 &'4 9'+/#4'4 4'27$.+-

6039

6040

6041

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FKG 9CEJV CO 4JGKP IGRT·IV CWU 2TQVGUV IGIGP FKG #WUUGPFWPI HTCP\ÌUKUEJGT -QNQPKCNVTWRRGP DGUVGJGPF CWU (CTDKIGP \WT $GYCEJWPI FGU 4JGKPVGTTKVQTKWOU -QRH GKPGU -QNQPKCNUQNFCVGP OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGO *GNO T 'KPG FGWVUEJG PCEMVG (TCW CP GKPGP 2GPKU OKV HTCP\ÌUKUEJGO *GNO IGHGUUGNV FCXQT .[TC OKV \GTTKUUGPGP 5CKVGP QDGP UVTCJNGPFGU )QVVGUCWIG OO -KGPCUV 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5CVKTKUEJG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG $GUGV\WPI FGU 4WJTIGDKGVGU FWTEJ DGNIKUEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG $GUCV\WPIUVTWRRGP &GT ICNNKUEJG *CJP GTFTÒEMV GKPGP $GTIOCPP FGT KP GKPGT 5RKPFGNRTGUUG NKGIV 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCXQT (TCIG\GKEJGP OO /ÒUGNGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FGP 4·WDGTIGTKEJVUJQH KP /CKP\ FKG #PMNCIG XQP WPVGT NCUUGPGT <CJNWPI FGT 4GRCTCVKQPUMQUVGP WPF FKG FCTCWHHQNIGPFGP 5CPMVKQPGP IGIGP &GWVUEJNCPF )GHGUUGNVG #TOG CP DGJGNOVGO 5VCD WOJGT 5EJYGTVGT FCXQT GKP 5CEM OKV )GNF CWH FGO /+..+#4'04#7$ UVGJV (TCPMTGKEJ U[ODQNKUKGTV FWTEJ /CTKCPPG UKV\V CWH FGT 4WJTMQJNG OKV 2GKVUEJG WPF 5EJYGTV T FTQJGPFG (·WUVG KO *KPVGTITWPF 5EJTKHV GKPGU FGWVUEJGP RCVTKQVKUEJGP .KGFGU OO -KGPCUV 8QT\ÒINKEJ #O ,CPWCT OCTUEJKGTVGP FKG (TCP\QUGP KP 'UUGP GKP 0CEJ WPF PCEJ HQNIVG FKG $GUGV\WPI FGU ICP\GP 4WJTIGDKGVU #O ,CPWCT XGTMÒPFGVG FGT 4GKEJUMCP\NGT 9KNJGNO %WPQ KO 4GKEJUVCI FGP RCUUKXGP 9KFGTUVCPF &KG -QJNGNKGHGTWPIGP YWTFGP GKPIGUVGNNV 'KUGPDCJPDGCOVG XGTYGKIGTVGP FKG #TDGKV CWH FGP XQP (TCP\QUGP DGUGV\VGP $CJPUVTGEMGP <GEJGP NCIGP UVKNN WPF GU ICD DNWVKIG <WUCOOGPUVÌG \YKUEJGP FGT $GXÌNMGTWPI WPF FGP $GUCV\WPIUVTWRRGP 'KPG 8GTJCHVWPIUYGNNG IKPI FWTEJ FCU 4WJTIGDKGV +O /CK WPF ,WPK ICD GU 8GTUWEJG OKV FGP (TCP\QUGP \W XGTJCPFGNP FKG XQP )TQDTKVCPPKGP WPVGTUVÒV\V YWTFGP FQEJ FKGUG $GOÒJWPIGP UEJGKVGTVGP +O ,CJTG MCO GU FWTEJ FGP &CYGURNCP FGT WPVGT FGO 5EJNCIYQTV $WUKPGUU PQV RQNKVKEU DGMCPPV KUV \W GKPGT 'KPKIWPI &GT 2NCP UQNNVG FKG 4ÒEM\CJNWPI FGT GWTQR·KUEJGP 5EJWNFGP CP FKG 75# UKEJGTUVGNNGP FWTEJ FKG 5EJCHHWPI GKPGT UKEJGTGP )TWPFNCIG FGT FGWVUEJGP <CJNWPIUH·JKIMGKV HÒT FKG 4GRCTCVKQPUUEJWNFGP &KG FGWVUEJG 4GIKGTWPI PKOOV FGP &CYGURNCP CP

417

WEIMARER REPUBLIK

6043

6042

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FKG 'TOQTFWPI FGU FGWVUEJGP 2CVTKQVGP #NDGTV .GQ 5EJNCIGVGT

5EJÌPCW Ó )QN\JGKOGT *GKFG FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP -QRH 5EJNCIGVGTU X X ÒDGT <YGKI WPF (CEMGN &CTUVGNNWPI FGT *KPTKEJVWPI FWTEJ GKP 'ZGMWVKQPUMQOOCPFQ /KV 4CPFITCXWT $#;'4Ü *#726/ª0<#/6 Û ('+05+.$'4 OO I -KGPCUV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FKG #OGTKMCHCJTV FGU .WHVUEJKHHGU .< 5GIGNUEJKHH FGU %QNWODWU FCTÒDGT FCU .WHVUEJKHH 5VGJGPFGT /CPP OKV .GPFGPUEJÒT\G T 'WNG N 'TFMWIGN OKV GKPIG\GKEJPGVGT (CJTVTQWVG FCTÒDGT CWHHNKGIGPFGT #FNGT /KV 4CPFRWP\G $#;'4Ü *#726 /ª0<#/6 Û ('+05+.$'4 OO I -CKUGT -KGPCUV 5VGORGNINCP\

6044

6045

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT 0ÒTPDGTI CWH FKG YKGFGTGTNCPIVG (TGKJGKV FGU 4JGKP WPF 4WJT IGDKGVGU (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP WPF WPVGP LG GKP HÒPHUVTCJNKIGT 5VGTP 0CEJ N UEJTGKVGPFGT IGFWEMVGT #FNGT XQT KJO GKPG \GTDTQEJGPG 5VCPIG FCTCWH 5QNFCVGPOÒV\G CWH FGT 4( \W NGUGP KUV /KV 4CPF RWP\G OO I 5VGORGNINCP\

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG 9GTMUVCVV /C[GT 9KNJGNO 5VWVVICTV CWH FCU 'PFG FGT 4WJTDGUGV\WPI (ÒPH 2WVVGP OCTUEJKGTGP N OKV (CJPG 2CWMG D\Y 6TQORGVG FKG JKPVGTGP DGKFGP 2WVVGP OKV 5EJCEJVJÒVGP VTCIGP LG )TWDGPNCORG WPF 9GTM\GWI 5GEJU <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP WPVGP WPF \W FGP 5GKVGP LG GKP 2WPMV OO /ÒUGNGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6046

418

6047

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP , $GTPJCTV CWH FGP 1UV 9GUV 1\GCPHNWI FGU (NWI\GWIGU $TGOGP $TWUVDKNF XQP *GTOCPP -ÌJN 2KNQV Ó X X OKV (NKGIGTJCWDG &KG $TGOGP ÒDGT FGO #VNCPVKM /KV 4CPFITCXWT 24'755Ü 56##65/7'0<' Û 5+.$'4 ('+0 OO I -CKUGT 5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ( *ÌTPNGKP CWH FGP 4GKEJURT·UKFGPVGP (TKGFTKEJ 'DGTV

Ó $TWUVDKNF 'DGTVU N 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I #TPQNF (KUEJGT 8QTFGTUGKVG 8QT\ÒINKEJ

DRITTES REICH

6048

6049

6050

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 1 )NÌEMNGT CWH FKG 9GNVTWPFHCJTV FGU .WHVUEJKHHU .< $ÒUVGP XQP (GTFKPCPF )TCH XQP <GRRGNKP Ó FGO 5EJÌRHGT *WIQ 'EMGPGT Ó FGO (ÒJTGT WPF .WFYKI &ÒTT

Ó FGO 'TDCWGT PGDGPGKPCPFGT N )NQDWU OKV FGP GKPIGVTCIGPGP 5VCVKQPGP WPF &CVGP FGT 4GKUGTQWVG /KV 4CPFRWP\G 24'755Ü 56##65/7'0<' Û 5+.$'4 ('+0 OO I -CKUGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * $QX[ CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GKEJUITÒPFWPI $GJGNOVGU WPF WPKHQT OKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF FGU 4GKEJUMCP\NGTU 1VVQ (ÒTUV XQP $KUOCTEM

Ó N #FNGT X X KO *QTUV DTGKVGV UGKPG (NÒIGN ÒDGT UGKPG DGKFGP ,WPIGP CWU OO I #TPQNF (KUEJGT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

5CVKTKUEJG XGTUKNDGTVG $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP *CVVKPIDGTI CWH FKG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG $GUCV\WPI -QRH GKPGU HCTDKIGP 5QNFCVGP N OKV *GNO &GT FGWVUEJG /KEJGN GPVDNÌV UGKP *KPVGTVGKN OO 8QT\ÒINKEJ

&+' <'+6 &'5 &4+66'0 4'+%*'5 70& &'5 <9'+6'0 9'.6-4+')'5 5QNCPIG UKEJ -WPFG WPF 8GTM·WHGT PKEJV IGIGPVGKNKI ·WGTP XGTUKEJGTP UKG FC UKG )GIGPUV·PFG WPF $ÒEJGT CWU FGT <GKV FGU &GWVUEJGP 4GKEJGU XQP DKU PWT \W <YGEMGP FGT UVCCVUDÒTIGTNKEJGP #WHMN·TWPI FGT #DYGJT XGTHCUUWPIUYKFTKIGT $GUVTGDWPIGP FGT -WPUV QFGT FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHV FGT (QTUEJWPI QFGT FGT .GJTG FGT $GTKEJVGTUVCVVWPI ÒDGT 8QTI·PIG FGU <GKV IGUEJGJGPU QFGT FGT )GUEJKEJVG QFGT ·JPNKEJG <YGEMGP GTYGTDGP &KGUG )GIGPUV·PFG WPF $ÒEJGT YGTFGP ITWPFU·V\NKEJ PWT WPVGT FKGUGP 8QTCWUUGV\WPIGP CPIGDQVGP WPF CDIGIGDGP

6052

6051

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT )+9 -CORH 5EJCV\ 5RGPFG \WT 4GKEJUVCIUYCJN 'TJQDGPG *·PFG XQT *CMGPMTGW\ (ÒPH <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTÒDGT *CMGPMTGW\ OO I (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

#NWOKPKWOOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV #WHHQTFGTWPI \WT 9CJN FGT 0CVKQPCNUQ\KCNKUVGP -QRH #FQNH *KVNGTU

Ó N 5VTCJNGPFGU *CMGPMTGW\ WOJGT 5EJTKHV OO %QND * %p (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

419

DRITTES REICH

6053

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG XQP * 5EJYGIGTNG CWH FKG 'TPGPPWPI #FQNH *KVNGTU \WO 4GKEJUMCP\NGT FWTEJ FGP 4GKEJURT·UKFGPVGP 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI CO ,CPWCT $ÒUVG *KVNGTU N 4CWEJ URGKGPFGT &TCEJGP QDGP *CMGPMTGW\ \YKUEJGP OO %QND * %p FQTV IGRT·IV -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

6054

420

6055

6056

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 1 )NÌEMNGT CWH FKG 'TPGPPWPI #FQNH *KVNGTU

Ó \WO 4GKEJU MCP\NGT FWTEJ FGP 4GKEJURT·UKFGPVGP 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI CO ,CPWCT $TWUVDKNF *KVNGTU N #FNGT OKV \GTTKUUGPGP -GVVGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G Û $#;'4Ü *#726/ª0<#/6 Û OO %QND * %p (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 'TPGPPWPI #FQNH *KVNGTU \WO 4GKEJUMCP\NGT FWTEJ FGP 4GKEJU RT·UKFGPVGP 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI CO ,CPWCT WPF FKG 4GKEJUVCIUYCJN CO /·T\ -ÌRHG FGU 4GKEJU RT·UKFGPVGP 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI WPF #FQNH *KVNGTU PGDGPGKPCPFGT N 8KGT <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTÒDGT \YGK KPGKPCPFGTITGKHGPFG *·PFG OO %QND * %p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , OKV 5KIPCVWT /$ CWH #FQNH *KVNGT

Ó -QRH *KVNGTU JCNDT 4GKEJU CFNGT OKV -TCP\ KP FGP (·PIGP FCTKP *CMGPMTGW\ OO I %QND * p 44 5GJT UEJÌP

DRITTES REICH

6057

5KNDGTIWOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT 6, CWH FKG )TWPFUVGKPNGIWPI HÒT FGP 'TYGKVGTWPIUDCW FGT 4GKEJU JCWRVDCPM CO /CK -ÌRHG FGU 4GKEJURT·UKFGPVGP 2CWN XQP *KPFGPDWTI WPF $GPGEMGPFQTHH

Ó WPF #FQNH *KVNGTU

Ó PGDGPGKPCPFGT T 0CEMVGT /CPP TÒEMV FGP )TWPFUVGKP OKV FGO GKPITCXKGTVGP &CVWO OO I %QND * %p 8QP ITQGT 5GNVGPJGKV +P 'VWK -N 4CPFHGJNGT HCUV XQT\ÒINKEJ

6058

6059

6060

$TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG 4GKUG FGU 55 1HHK\KGTU .GQRQNF XQP /KNFGPUVGKP

Ó PCEJ 2CN·UVKPC KO ,CJT WPF UGKPG FCTCWU TGUWNVKGTGPFGP $GTKEJVG KP FGT $GTNKPGT <GKVWPI &GT #PITKHH KO ,CJT ,WFGPUVGTP &TGK <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTÒDGT *CMGPMTGW\ OO 5GJT UEJÌP

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( $G[GT CWH FKG 'KPHÒJTWPI FGT CNNIGOGKPGP 9GJTRHNKEJV CO /·T\ 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF GKPGU 5QNFCVGP X X OKV 5VCJNJGNO FGP -QRH PCEJ N IGYCPFV KO *KPVGTITWPF UVÒTOGP YGKVGTG 5QNFCVGP PCEJ N <KVCV *KVNGTU KP \GJP <GKNGP WOJGT 'KEJGPMTCP\ /KV 4CPFITCXWT 5 %*5Ü /ª0<' H OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 'KUGPDCJPXGTDKPFWPI 0ÒTPDGTI (ÒTVJ $TWUVDKNFGT FGT 'TDCWGT WPF (ÌTFGTGT FGT .WFYKIUGKUGPDCJP 2CWN %COKNNG XQP &GPKU

Ó ,QJCPPGU 5EJCTTGT

Ó WPF )GQTI <CEJCTKCU 2NCVPGT

Ó PGDGPGKPCPFGT HCUV X X 'KUGPDCJP H·JTV CWU FGO $CJPJQH /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV $#;'4Ü *#726/ª0<#/6 Û ('+05+.$'4 OO I -KGPCUV 8QT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 'KUGPDCJP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 421

DRITTES REICH

6061

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG XQP 1 2NCE\GM 9GTMUVCVV 0QCEM $GTNKP CWH FKG :+ 1N[ORKUEJGP 5RKGNG KP $GTNKP XQO #WIWUV 1N[ORKCINQEMG OKV FGT #WHUEJTKHV +EJ TWHG FKG ,WIGPF FGT 9GNV FCTCWH #FNGT OKV FGP QN[ORKUEJGP 4KPIGP KP FGP (·PIGP 8KGT 5RQTVNGT T /KV 4CPFITCXWT )755 * 01#%- $'4.+0 OO +P 1TKIKPCNGVWK 8QT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 1N[ORKCFG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF

6062

/GUUKPI 5VGEMOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FKG :+ 1N[ORKUEJGP 5RKGNG KP $GTNKP XQO #WIWUV &KG 1N[ORKUEJGP 4KPIG FCTWPVGT 1N[ORKCINQEMG OKV FGT #WHUEJTKHV +EJ TWHG FKG ,WIGPF FGT 9GNV 5KGIGUIÌVVKP T KP 3WCFTKIC OO +PJCNV PKEJV OKVGKPCPFGT XGTDWPFGPG UEJYCT\ YGKG (QVQU (QVQUGTKG FGT (KTOC /GT\ (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP FGT XGTUEJKGFGPGP 9GVVMCORHUV·VVGP UQYKG FGT $GUEJTGKDWPIGP CWH FGT 4ÒEMUGKVG FKG &GEMGNKPPGPUGKVGP UKPF NGGT 2TGNGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ

9GKVGTG /GFCKNNGP \WO 6JGOC 1N[ORKCFG HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGP 0TP WPF 'KPG 2T·OKGPOGFCKNNG XQP FGU LCRCPKUEJ FGWVUEJGP -WNVWTKPUVKVWVU HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

6063

422

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( $G[GT CWH FCU 5VCCVUVTGHHGP KP 4QO $ÒUVGP $GPKVQ /WUUQNKPKU

Ó WPF #FQNH *KVNGTU

Ó PGDGPGKPCPFGT N (CUEGU XQT *CMGPMTGW\ /KV 4CPFITCXWT

*CNDOQPF 24Ü /ª0<' $'4.+0 OO I %QND * %p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

DRITTES REICH

6064

6065

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FCU /ÒPEJGPGT #DMQOOGP \YKUEJGP *KVNGT /WUUQNKPK %JCODGTNCKP WPF &CNCFKGT CO 5GRVGODGT $ÒUVGP FGT XKGT 2QNKVKMGT PGDGPGKPCPFGT T )GD·WFG CPUKEJV /KV 4CPFITCXWT $#;'4Ü *#726/ª0<#/6 Û 5+.$'4 H OO I %QND * %p -KGPCUV 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP * %QPEGG CWH FKG #PINKGFGTWPI XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ CO /·T\ WPF FGU 5WFGVGPNCPFGU CO 5GRVGODGT CP FCU &GWVUEJG 4GKEJ -QRH #FQNH *KVNGTU T 4GKEJUCRHGN /KV 4CPF ITCXWT /ÒP\COV 9KGP # KP -TGKU OO I %QND * %p 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6066

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ( -TKUEJMGT CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI #FQNH *KVNGTU CO #RTKN -QRH *KVNGTU N 0GWP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV QDGP FCU 9CRRGP UGKPGT )GDWTVUUV·VVG $TCWPCW CO +PP T FCXQT *CMGPMTGW\ /KV 4CPFRWP\G 24 /ª0<' $'4.+0 OO I %QND * %p 9KP\ 4CPFHGJNGT XQT\ÒINKEJ

6068

6068 6067 1:1,3

'KPUGKVKIG 'KUGPJQJNIWOGFCKNNG XQP # $TGMGT CWH FGP )GDWTVUVCI #FQNH *KVNGTU

Ó -QRH *KVNGTU T OO %QND * %p 8QT\ÒINKEJ

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FKG 9KGFGTGKPINKGFGTWPI &CP\KIU KP FCU &GWVUEJG 4GKEJ CO 5GRVGODGT 5GIGNUEJKHH ÒDGT FGO IGMTÌPVGP 5VCFVYCRRGP 5QNFCV OKV 5EJYGTV DGITÒV FKG 5VCFVIÌVVKP XQP &CP\KI /KV 4CPFITCXWT $#;(4Ü *#726/ª0<#/6 Û 5+.$'4 H OO I -KGPCUV 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT ,WPK 0T

423

ZWEITER WELTKRIEG

6070

6069

9GKOGVCNNOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FGP 'KP\WI FGWVUEJGT 6TWRRGP KP 2CTKU &GWVUEJG 5QNFCVGP OCTUEJKGTGP CO 6TKWORJDQIGP #FNGTUEJKNF OKV 5VCJNJGNO WPF (CJPG GTFTÒEMV FGP ICNNKUEJGP *CJP /KV 4CPFITCXWT $#;'4Ü *#726/ª0<#/6 OO -CKUGT 8QT\ÒINKEJ 0QEJ DGXQT FKG FGWVUEJGP 6TWRRGP 2CTKU DGUGV\VGP HNQJ FKG 4GIKGTWPI FWTEJ FKG 6QWTCKPG PCEJ $QTFGCWZ

<KPMOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FGP &GWVUEJ (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP 9CHHGPUVKNNUVCPF IGUEJNQUUGP KO 9CNF XQP %QORK½IPG CO ,WPK &CTUVGNNWPI FGU #DUEJNWUUGU <GJP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT *GNO CWH .QTDGGT\YGKI OO -KGPCUV 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6071

424

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV XQP - )QGV\ CWH FGP 4GKEJUOCTUEJCNN 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT FGT FGWVUEJGP .WHVYCHHG WPF NGV\VGT -QOOCPFGWT FGU 4KEJVJQHGP )GUEJYCFGTU *GTOCPP )ÌTKPI

Ó $TWUVDKNF )ÌTKPIU X X FGP -QRH JCNDT IGYCPFV \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG IGVGKNVG ,CJTGU\CJN )ÌTKPI UKV\V PCEJ N KP GKPGO (QMMGT ,CIFHNKGIGT QDGP 2HGKN OKV #DUEJÒUUG OO -CKUGT -KGPCUV 44 8QT\ÒINKEJGT )W

ZWEITER WELTKRIEG

6072

5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH #FQNH *KVNGT WPF FCU &TKVVG 4GKEJ -QRH #FQNH *KVNGTU N 9KGFGT CWUVTGKDGPFGT 'KEJDCWO \W FGP 5GKVGP FKG )TÒPFWPIULCJTG FGU 'TUVGP WPF FGU <YGKVGP 4GKEJGU QDGP KO *KPVGTITWPF *CMGPMTGW\ /KV 4CPFRWP\G )1'6< OO I %QND * %p -KGPCUV 4 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\

6073

$TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH FGP )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN Y·JTGPF FGU <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGIU (GFQT XQP $QEM

Ó WPF FKG 'KPMGUUGNWPI FGT TWUUKUEJGP 6TWRRG %JCTMQY XQO DKU \WO /CK 7PKHQTOKGTVGU $TWUVDKNF XQP $QEMU T &GWVUEJGT 5QNFCV T DG\YKPIV FGP TWUUKUEJGP $·TGP WPVGP FKG KTTVÒONKEJG &CVWOUCPICDG ,7.+ OO -KGPCUV 8QT\ÒINKEJGT )W 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T

6074

#NWOKPKWO 2TQRCICPFCOCTMG \W 5EJKNNKPI Q , WPUKIPKGTV FGT 5EJWV\UVCHHGN 55 FGT 05&#2 6QVGP MQRH CWH -PQEJGP 'ODNGO FGT 55 OO 2T·IGUEJY·EJG UGJT UEJÌP

425

PERSÖNLICHKEITEN

&+' &'765%*' &'/1-4#6+5%*' 4'27$.+-

6075

<KPMOGFCKNNG WPUKIPKGTV CWH FGP $CWDGIKPP FGT $GTNKPGT /CWGT CO #WIWUV 9CRRGP WOJGT .CWDMTCP\ #PUKEJV FGU $TCPFGPDWTIGT 6QTU OO <CRQPKGTV XQT\ÒINKEJ

/'&#+..'0 #7( &'765%*' 70& '7412 +5%*' 2'45¤0.+%*-'+6'0

6076

&ÒTGT #NDTGEJV 0ÒTPDGTI Ó 0ÒTPDGTI /CNGT )TCHKMGT WPF /CVJGOCVKMGT 5KNDGT OGFCKNNG XQP - )QGV\ CWH UGKPGP 6QFGUVCI CO #RTKN $TWUVDKNF N )GPKWU J·NV IGHNÒIGNVGP XGT\KGTVGP *GNO WPF 5EJKNF OKV /QPQITCOO &ÒTGTU /KV 4CPFUEJTKHV $#;'4 *#726/ª0<#/6 Û ('+05+.$'4 OO I 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6077

426

)CWFÃ #PVQPKQ 4GWU Ó $CTEGNQPC #TEJKVGMV $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP /¾TGNNG -QRH T 6GKN FGU &CEJGU FGT %CUC $CVNNÉ KP $CTEGNQPC WOJGT FKG $GPGPPWPI UGKPGT YKEJVKIUVGP $CWYGTMG OKV &CVGP OO (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\

PERSÖNLICHKEITEN

6078

)WVGPDGTI ,QJCPPGU WO /CKP\ Ó /CKP\ 'THKPFGT FGU $WEJFTWEMU OKV DGYGINKEJGP .GVVGTP $TQP\GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP . &GUEJCORU 2T·OKG FGU +PUVKVWV FG (TCPEG KP 2CTKU XGTNKGJGP HÒT JGTXQTTCIGPFG .GKUVWPIGP KO $WEJFTWEM $TWUVDKNF N OKV (GNNJWV WPF WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN KO (GNF \CJNTGKEJG &QRRGNNKNKGP &KG OKV 2CNO\YGKIGP IGUEJOÒEMVG $WEJFTWEM 2TGUUG WOJGT NKGIGP $ÒEJGT CO $QFGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G (ÒNNJQTP $410<' OO ,GJPG 8QT\ÒINKEJ

6079

-CPV +OOCPWGN -ÌPKIUDGTI Ó -ÌPKIUDGTI 2JKNQUQRJ $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG OKV 5KIPCVWT *$ CWH UGKPGP )GDWTVUVCI CO #RTKN &KG FTGK RGTUQPKHK\KGTVGP 1TVUEJCHVGP #NVUVCFV .ÌDGPKEJV WPF -PGKRJQH T FCPGDGP GKPG YGKVGTG )GUVCNV +/ ,#*4' 974&'0 &+' &4'+ 56 &6' #.656#&6 -0'+2*1( .¤$'0+%*6 <74 56#&6 -¤0+)5$'4) 8'4'+0+)6 +*4 )4155'4 51*0 +//#07'. -#06 +0 &+'5'/ ,#*4' )' $14'0 .'$6' 70& .'*46' *+'4 e QDGP 5VGTPUEJPWRRG OO 4 8QT\ÒINKEJ 'ZGORNCT FGT #WMVKQP (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT 1UPCDTÒEM 0T +OOCPWGN -CPV

427

PERSÖNLICHKEITEN

6080

.KVHC 'TPUV 6JGQFQT #OCPFWU $GTNKP Ó 9KGUDCFGP &TWEMGTGKDGUKV\GT 8GTNGIGT WPF 'THKPFGT FGT .KVHCU·WNG $TQP\GIWOGFCKNNG Q , WPUKIPKGTV HÒT 8GTFKGPUVG WO FKG #WGP YGTDWPI $TWUVDKNF XQP 'TPUV .KVHC JCNDN OKV <[NKPFGT (NKGIG WPF /CPVGN 8KGT 2GTUQPGP UVGJGP WO GKPG .KVHCU·WNG WOJGT )GD·WFG OO 8QT\ÒINKEJGT )W &KG GTUVG .KVHCU·WNG YWTFG CO ,WNK KP $GTNKP XQP FGO &TWEMGT 'TPUV .KVHC WPF FGO <KTMWUFKTGMVQT 4GP\ CWHIGUVGNNV &KG +FGG GKPGT FKEMGP 5·WNG CNU 2NCMCVVT·IGT RNCV\KGTV CWH FGO $ÒTIGTUVGKI HCPF UQ UEJPGNN +PVGTGUUG FC OCP DCNF CPFGTG 2NCMCVG CNU HÒT FGP <KTMWU 4GP\ FCTCWH MNGDVG &KG .KVHCU·WNG CNU 9GTDGOGFKWO XGTJCNH FGO 2NCMCV \W GKPGO UEJPGNNGP 'THQNI )TQG -ÒPUVNGT XQP 6QWNQWUG .CWVTGE DKU 2KECUUQ JCDGP UKEJ PKEJV IGUEJGWV 2NCMCVG \W IGUVCNVGP 9GPP GU CWEJ JGWVG CWHYGPFKIG .GWEJVYGTDGM·UVGP HÒT HQTVNCWHGPFG 2NCMCVG IKDV UQ UVGJGP KP XKGNGP 5V·FVGP KOOGT PQEJ .KVHCU·WNGP XQT CNNGO HÒT FKG #PMÒPFKIWPI XQP 8GTCPUVCNVWPIGP

6081

6082

.WVJGT /CTVKP 'KUNGDGP Ó 'KUNGDGP -KTEJGPTGHQTOCVQT 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 $CNN CWH FKG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP $TWUVDKNF T OKV /ÒV\G (CWUV CWH $WEJ OO I 5NI 9JKVKPI 8QT\ÒINKEJ +O ,CJTG HGKGTV FKG 'XCPIGNKUEJG -KTEJG KP &GWVUEJNCPF FCU L·JTKIG ,WDKN·WO FGT 4GHQTOCVKQP .WVJGTU &WTEJDTWEJ \WT 4GHQTOCVKQP DGICPP OKV FGO #DNCUVTGKV WPF UGKPGP 6JGUGP XQO 1MVQDGT &CU ,WDKN·WO YKTF CWEJ #PNC HÒT PGWG .WVJGT /GFCKNNGP WPF /ÒP\GP UEJCHHGP

/CTZ -CTN 6TKGT Ó .QPFQP 6JGQTGVKMGT FGU 5Q\KCNKUOWU WPF -QOOWPKUOWU $TQP \GOGFCKNNG Q , XQP # &QP\GNNK CWH UGKPG $GVGKNKIWPI CP FGT )TÒPFWPI FGT +PVGTPCVKQPCNGP #TDGKVGT #UUQ\KCVKQP 'TUVG +PVGTPCVKQPCNG WPF CWH FGP -CORH HÒT GKPGP 5VWPFGP #TDGKVUVCI $TWUVDKNF X X #TDGKVGT UVGJV HCUV X X KP FGT 4GEJVGP *COOGT FCJKPVGT #ODQ T 6KUEJ FCTCWH )GH· CO $QFGP NKGIGP <KTMGN GKP $WEJ UQYKG 'KEJGP WPF .QTDGGT\YGKI OO 8QT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 'KPG MNGKPG /GFCKNNG HÒT GKPGP ITQGP 2JKNQUQRJGP &GT GPINKUEJG *KUVQTKMGT 'TKE *QDUDCYO UEJTGKDV KP UGKPGO CMVWGNNGO $WEJ 9KG OCP FKG 9GNV XGT·PFGTV CO 'PFG 9KGFGT GKPOCN KUV QHHGPMWPFKI FC FKG (WPMVKQPUYGKUGP GKPGU 9KTVUEJCHVUU[UVGOU UQYQJN JKUVQTKUEJ CNU DGUVKOOVG 2JCUG WPF PKEJV CNU 'PFG FGT )GUEJKEJVG CNU CWEJ TGCNKUVKUEJ \W CPCN[UKGTGP UKPF FCU JGKV PKEJV KO *KPDNKEM CWH GKP KFGCNGU /CTMVINGKEJIGYKEJV UQPFGTP CWH GKPGP GKPIGDCWVGP /GEJCPKUOWU FGT KOOGT YKGFGT RQVGPVKGNN U[UVGOXGT·PFGTPFG -TKUGP GT\GWIV &KG IGIGPY·TVKIG OCI GKPG FKGUGT -TKUGP UGKP 'TPGWV \GKIV UKEJ FC FGT /CTMV UGNDUV \YKUEJGP FGP -TKUGP MGKPG #PVYQTV CWH FCU \GPVTCNG 2TQDNGO NKGHGTV XQT FGO FCU ,CJTJWPFGTV UVGJV FC WPDGITGP\VGU WPF \WPGJOGPF FWTEJ *QEJVGEJPQNQIKG IGPGTKGTVGU 9KTVUEJCHVUYCEJUVWO KO 5VTGDGP PCEJ PKEJV PCEJJCNVKIGO 2TQHKV \YCT INQDCNGP 4GKEJVWO UEJCHHV CNNGTFKPIU CWH -QUVGP GKPGU KOOGT GPVDGJTNKEJGT YGTFGPFGP 2TQFWMVKQPUHCMVQTU P·ONKEJ FGT OGPUEJNKEJGP #TDGKVUMTCHV WPF UQ MÌPPVG OCP JKP\WHÒIGP FGT PCVÒTNKEJGP 4GUUQWTEGP WPUGTGU 2NCPGVGPő 'U KUV YKGFGT GKPOCN CP FGT <GKV /CTZ GTPUV \W PGJOGP

428

PERSÃ&#x2013;NLICHKEITEN

6083

4CHHCGN 4CHHCGNNQ 5CP\KQ 7TDKPQ Ã&#x201C; 4QO /CNGT WPF #TEJKVGMV $TQP\GOGFCKNNG XQP 0 %GTDCTC $TWUVDKNF N OKV WOIGNGIVGO /CPVGN &CTUVGNNWPI UGKPGU )GOÂ·NFGU 5KZVKPKUEJG /CFQPPC OO 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

6084

4GODTCPFV 4GODTCPFV *CTOGPU\QQP XCP 4KLP Ã&#x201C; 0KGFGTNÂ·PFKUEJGT -Ã&#x2019;PUVNGT $TQP\G OGFCKNNQP XQP / % FG 8TKGU $TWUVDKNF N OKV *WV &CTUVGNNWPI UGKPGU 9GTMGU &KG 0CEJVYCEJG KO #OUVGTFCOGT 4KLMUOWUGWO OO 8QT\Ã&#x2019;INKEJ

429

PERSÖNLICHKEITEN

6085

4QWUUGCW ,GCP ,CESWGU )GPH Ó 'TOGPQPXKNNG 2CTKU 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT 0CVWTHQTUEJGT WPF -QORQPKUV 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP 4 FG 0KGFGTPJ·WUGTP 4QFQ CWH UGKPGP )GDWTVUVCI CO ,WPK -QRH N OKV .QTDGGTMTCP\ 5KGDGP <GKNGP 5EJTKHV FCTWPVGT /GFCKNNGWTUUKIPCVWT OO I /CTVKP 5EJYGK\GT /GFCKNNGP p 8QT\ÒINKEJ 4QWUUGCW YWEJU KP )GPH CWH DKU WPF \QI PCEJ WPUVGVGP ,CJTGP PCEJ 2CTKU &KG 8GTÌHHGPVNKEJWPI FGU 'OKNG DTCEJVG KJO GKPGP *CHVDGHCJN GKP WPF GT GOKITKGTVG KP FKG 5EJYGK\ ņ WPF PCEJ 'PINCPF

'T MGJTVG PCEJ (TCPMTGKEJ \WTÒEM YQ GT DKU \W UGKPGO 6QF NGDVG /KV UGKPGO 9GTM .G EQPVTCV UQEKCN

ÒDVG 4QWUUGCW ITÌVG 9KTMWPI CWH FKG MTKVKUEJ QRRQUKVKQPGNNGP +PVGNNGMVWGNNGP (TCPMTGKEJU CO 8QTCDGPF FGT (TCP\ÌUKUEJGP 4GXQNWVKQP CWU 5GKP .GKEJPCO YWTFG KPU 2CPVJ¾QP KP 2CTKU ÒDGTHÒJTV

3WGNNG +OCPWGN )GKUU )GUEJKEJVG ITKHHDGTGKV

'KPG YGKVGTG /GFCKNNG CWH ,GCP ,CESWGU 4QWUUGCW HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT FGT 0T

6086

XQP 5EJKNNGT ,QJCPP %JTKUVQRJ (TKGFTKEJ /CTDCEJ Ó 9GKOCT &KEJVGT 2JKNQUQRJ WPF *KUVQTKMGT 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , XQP ( %JTKUV CWH UGKPGP 6QFGUVCI CO /CK $TWUVDKNF N &KG /WUG FGT &KEJVMWPUV UKV\V X X CWH HNKGIGPFGO #FNGT FGP -QRH PCEJ T IGYCPFV OKV FGT 4GEJVGP J·NV UKG GKPG .GKGT CO $QFGP N IGMTÌPVG 5EJNCPIG CWH (GNUGP T PCEJ N UKV\GPFGT PCEMVGT ,ÒPINKPI FGT GKPG 5EJTKHVTQNNG NKGUV OO I -NGKP 4CHH FQTV KP $TQP\G (CUV XQT\ÒINKEJ /CTEGN 4GKEJ 4CPKEMK UEJTGKDV KP UGKPGO 8QTYQTV \W UGKPGO $WEJ /GKP 5EJKNNGT 5GKVFGO DGYWPFGTG KEJ FGP 4GXQNWVKQP·T FGP 2QGVGP FGT (TGKJGKV KEJ DGYWPFGTG KJP KOOGT PQEJ +EJ UEJ·V\G FGP -·ORHGT OKV FGT (GFGT CNUQ FGP GPICIKGTVGP 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT +EJ XGTGJTG FGP &KEJVGT FGT OKV LGFGT UGKPGT NKVGTCTKUEJGP UGKPGT RJKNQUQRJKUEJGP #TDGKVGP WPDGFKPIV GVYCU GTTGKEJGP GVYCU DGYKTMGP YQNNVG +EJ NKGDG FGP ITÌVGP FGT FGWVUEJGP 6JGCVGTCWVQTGP KJP FGT KP UGKPGP &TCOGP XQP FGP 4·WDGTP DKU \WO 9KNJGNO 6GNN PKGOCNU FKG .WUV CO #DGPVGWGTNKEJGP GKPIGDÒV JCV WPF FGT PKGOCNU XGTIC FC FCU 2WDNKMWO ņ YKG GT UGNDGT

RTQXQ\KGTGPF UCIVG ņ FCU 8GTIPÒIGP UWEJV FC GU XQT CNNGO WPVGTJCNVGP UGKP YKNN 9CU CWH FGT $ÒJPG IGDQVGP

YKTF UQNN GKP 5RKGN DNGKDGP CDGT GKP RQGVKUEJGU 5EJKNNGT \ÌIGTVG PKEJV MNKRR WPF MNCT \W DGJCWRVGP #NNG -WPUV KUV FGT (TGWFG IGYKFOGV WPF GU IKDV MGKPG JÌJGTG WPF MGKPG GTPUVJCHVGTG #WHICDG CNU FKG /GPUEJGP \W DGINÒEMGP

430

PERSÖNLICHKEITEN

6087

8QNVCKTG (TCP¼QKU /CTKG #TQWGV 2CTKU Ó 2CTKU 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT *KUVQTKMGT WPF 2JKNQUQRJ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP ) .LWPIDGTIGT IGYKFOGV XQP FGT #MCFGOKG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP WPF FGT .KVGTCVWT $ÒUVG T <GKNGP 5EJTKHV OO I *KNFGDTCPF ++ 5 2TCEJVGZGORNCT (CUV 5VGORGNINCP\ 8QNVCKTG YWTFG YGIGP GKPGT KJO \WIGUEJTKGDGPGP 5CVKTG CWH .QWKU :+8 KP FGT $CUVKNNG KPJCHVKGTV 'T XGTDTCEJVG GKPKIG ,CJTG KO 'ZKN KP 'PINCPF ņ YQ GT UKEJ OKV FGO XQP KJO DGYWPFGTVGP 5[UVGO FGT RCTNCOGPVCTKUEJGP /QPCTEJKG CWUGKPCPFGTUGV\VG 'KPG XQP KJO XGTHCVG 5EJTKHV FCTÒDGT DTCEJVG KJO GKPGP *CHVDGHGJN GKP 8QNVCKTG HNQJ FCTCWHJKP PCEJ .QVJTKPIGP ņ 'U IGNCPI KJO LGFQEJ UKEJ YKGFGT OKV FGO HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP *QH \W CTTCPIKGTGP 'T YWTFG /KVINKGF FGT #ECF¾OKG (TCP¼CKUG WPF MÌPKINKEJGT -COOGTJGTT #WH 'KPNCFWPI (TKGFTKEJU ++ FGU )TQGP JKGNV GT UKEJ XQTÒDGTIGJGPF CO RTGWKUEJGP *QH CWH &CPCEJ IKPI GT ÒDGT )GPH PCEJ (GTPG[ PCJG FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJ UEJYGK\GTKUEJGP )TGP\G YQ GT UKEJ CNU 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT GPFIÒNVKI PKGFGTNKG 8QNVCKTG YCT FGT DGFGWVGPFUVG 8GTVTGVGT FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #WHMN·TWPI 5GKP .GKEJPCO YWTFG KPU 2CTKUGT 2CPVJ¾QP ÒDGTHÒJTV

3WGNNG +OCPWGN )GKUU )GUEJKEJVG ITKHHDGTGKV

6088

9KPPGVQW #RCEJGP *·WRVNKPI 4QOCPHKIWT XQP -CTN /C[ 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG XQP # *QHOCPP 0CEMVGT 9KPPGVQW UKV\V PCEJ N CWH UGKPGO 2HGTF +NVUEJK FGP 1DGTMÌTRGT \WTÒEMIGYCPFV OKV UGKPGT 5KNDGTDÒEJUG KO #PUEJNCI 0CEMVGT 9KPPGVQW UVGJV OKV IG\QIGPGO /GUUGT PCEJ T XQT GKPGO CWHIG TKEJVGVGP $·TGP /KV 4CPFRWP\G /ª0<#/6 9+'0 # OO I (GKPG 6ÌPWPI XQT\ÒINKEJp5VGORGNINCP\ 9KPPGVQW JGKV FKG RQRWN·TUVG 4QOCPHKIWT FGU FGWVUEJGP 5EJTKHVUVGNNGTU -CTN /C[ ņ /KV UGKPGO )GUCOVYGTM XQP OGJT CNU $·PFGP YWTFG GT GKPGT FGT OGKUVIGNGUGPGP FGWVUEJURTCEJKIGP #WVQTGP &KG )GUCOVCWHNCIG UGKPGT KP 5RTCEJGP ÒDGTUGV\VGP 9GTMG #DGPVGWGT WPF 4GKUGTQOCPG XQT CNNGO CWU 0QTFCOGTKMC WPF FGO 8QTFGTGP 1TKGPV NKGIV DGK ÒDGT /KNNKQPGP $·PFGP 9KPPGVQW + XQP KPUIGUCOV XKGT $·PFGP PKOOV KP /C[U )GUCOVYGTM GKPG 5EJNÒUUGNUVGNNWPI GKP YGKN FGT #WVQT JKGT FKG GPFIÒNVKIG 8GTUKQP XQO 4GKHGRTQ\GUU UGKPGT YKEJVKIUVGP 9KNFYGUV (KIWT 1NF 5JCVVGTJCPF WPF XQP FGUUGP (TGWPFUEJCHV OKV FGO +PFKCPGTJ·WRVNKPI 9KPPGVQW HQTOWNKGTV &C GTKPPGTV UKEJ FGT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJG 5EJTKHVUVGNNGT *GTOCPP $TQEJ +O $GVV \W NKGIGP MTCPM \W UGKP PKEJV KP FKG 5EJWNG \W IGJGP WPF -CTN /C[ NGUGP \W FÒTHGP JCV LC UVGVU UGKPG VTQUVTGKEJGP 4GK\G KP FKGUGO .GDGP IGJCDV 0CEJ CPH·PINKEJGT )GTKPIUEJ·V\WPI KP FGT NKVGTCTKUEJGP 9GNV YKTF -CTN /C[ JGWVG $GCEJVWPI IGUEJGPMV KPUDGUQPFGTG UGKPGP 4QOCPGP FKG KO NGV\VGP .GDGPULCJT\GJPV GPVUVCPFGP UKPF

3WGNNG )GTV 7GFKPI *I -CTN /C[ *CPFDWEJ

431

MISCELLANEA

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6089

1,5:1

5CVKTKUEJG QXCNG 5KNDGTOGFCKNNG Q , ,CJTJWPFGTV WPUKIPKGTV PKEJV FWTEJ DTKNNGP -CXCNKGT OKV $TKNNG KP FGT 4GEJVGP UVGJV X X WPF J·NV UKEJ FKG IGURTGK\VG .KPMG XQT FCU )GUKEJV FGT 4GUV KUV IWVV 9GKDNKEJG )GUVCNV UVGJV HCUV X X QJPG -QRH OKV GPVDNÌVGT $TWUV KP FGT 4GEJVGP (·EJGT Z OO I %QNN (KGYGIGT 5NI $TGVVCWGT 4 5GJT UEJÌP &KG $TKNNG KP KJTGT JGWVKIGP (QTO YWTFG IGIGP 'PFG FGU ,CJTJWPFGTVU GPVYKEMGNV 8GPGFKI OKV UGKPGT JQEJGPVYKEMGNVGP )NCUXGTCTDGKVWPIUVGEJPKM YCT \WP·EJUV HÒJTGPF +O ,CJTJWPFGTV GPVUVCPF FCU HNCPFTKUEJG $TKNNGPIGYGTDG YWTFG FGT GTUVG 2CTKNNGPOCEJGT KP 0ÒTPDGTI CNU $ÒTIGT CWHIGPQOOGP &KGUG /GFCKNNG KTQPKUKGTV FCU 6JGOC $TKNNG 'KP /CPP OKV $TKNNG KP UGKPGT 4GEJVGP UKGJV FWTEJ FKG IGURTGK\VGP (KPIGT UGKPGT .KPMGP PKEJV FWTEJ $TKNNGP CWH FGO 4GXGTU UKGJV OCP GKPG (TCW QJPG -QRH OKV GPVDNÌVGT $TWUV &GT 4GUV KUV IWVV &KG UCVKTKUEJG &CTUVGNNWPI N·V FGT +PVGTRTGVCVKQP HTGKGP 4CWO

6090

1,5:1

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432

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&GT GTUVG )GFCPMG CNU FKGUGT -CVCNQI KP UGKPGT 5VTWMVWT FKUMWVKGTV YWTFG YCT GU FKGUG 5RGEKCNU KP GKPGT IGUQPFGTVGP #DVGKNWPI \W RT·UGPVKGTGP &C 5COONGT KJT )GDKGV XQT CNNGO IGQITCRJKUEJ WPF PCEJ 'RQEJGP FGHKPKGTGP YWTFG GPVUEJKGFGP FKG 5RGEKCNU KP FKG IGNGTPVG 5VTWMVWT GKPGU -CVCNQIGU GKP\WQTFPGP &GO 8QTUEJNCI XQP #PFTGCU -CKUGT FKGUG )TWRRG FGT 5COONWPI KO #PJCPI \WU·V\NKEJ XQT\WUVGNNGP JCDG KEJ IGTP \WIGUVKOOV &CU 'TIGDPKU \GKIV &GT 5COONGT OWUU UEJQP GKP DKUUEJGP XGTTÒEMV UGKP

&KG $GKURKGNG \GKIGP CO DGUVGP YCU KEJ OGKPG 6JGOGP FKG DKU KP FKG JGWVKIG <GKV $GFGWVWPI JCDGP *[IKGPG .QU QFGT XQP U[ODQNKUEJGT #WUUCIGMTCHV HÒT KJTG <GKV UKPF )WKNNQVKPG 5QNEJG 5RGEKCNU UKPF PQEJ KO -CVCNQI ÒDGT FKG JKGT IG\GKIVG )TWRRG JKPCWU \W GPVFGEMGP 8KGNNGKEJV KUV GU OKT FCOKV IGNWPIGP FGT 5COONWPI GKP RGTUÌPNKEJGU )GUKEJV \W IGDGP 'U KUV PKEJV PWT YKEJVKI YCU GT\·JNV YKTF UQPFGTP XQT CNNGO YKG 7PF LGFG 5COONWPI KUV CWEJ GKPG 'T\·JNWPI

9CU (TKGFTKEJ 5EJKNNGT .QU WPF KP $G\WI CWH FCU 6JGCVGT IGUCIV JCV MÌPPVG OCP CWEJ CWH /GFCKNNGP ÒDGTVTCIGP #NNG -WPUV KUV FGT (TGWFG IGYKFOGV WPF GU IKDV MGKPG JÌJGTG WPF MGKPG GTPUVJCHVGTG #WHICDG CNU FKG /GPUEJGP \W DGINÒEMGP 9GPP FCU FGT GKPG QFGT CPFGTG 5COONGT GTNGDV FCPP JCV UKEJ FKG #TDGKV CP FGT 5COONWPI WPF CO -CVCNQI IGNQJPV +P FKGUGO 5KPPG FCPMG KEJ CNNGP /KVCTDGKVGTP FGU *CWUGU -ÒPMGT FKG FCTCP OKVIGYKTMV JCDGP XQT CNNGO CDGT (TKV\ 4WFQNH -ÒPMGT WPF &T #PFTGCU -CKUGT HÒT KJTG WOHCUUGPFG $GTCVWPI WPF 7PVGTUVÒV\WPI KP CNN FGP ,CJTGP /GKPGP &CPM HÒT FKGUG *GTMWNGU #WHICDG FGT -CVCNQIIGUVCNVWPI OÌEJVG KEJ #NGZCPFTC 5RTGW IGTP RGTUÌPNKEJ CWUURTGEJGP &T 9QNHICPI 5VGIWYGKV FCPMG KEJ HÒT UGKP 'UUC[ <W LGFGT 5COONWPI IGJÌTV .KGDG FC\W DGMGPPG KEJ OKEJ IGTP WPF HÒT UGKPGP IWVGP 4CV CWU UGKPGO ITQGP 'THCJTWPIUUEJCV\

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6JG EQTG UWDLGEV QH O[ EQNNGEVKQP KPXQNXGU OGFCNU EQOOGOQTCVKPI GXGPVU YKVJ JKUVQTKECN UKIPKHKECPEG 6JG &CFNGT QDLGEVU DGNQPI VQ VJG OQUV DGCWVKHWN CPF KPVGTGUVKPI URGEKOGPU +P UVWF[KPI PWOGTQWU CWEVKQP ECVCNQIWGU + JCXG FKUEQXGTGF PQVCDNG HGCVWTGU KP VJG EQPVGPV CPF FGUKIP QH OGFCNU 6JGUG EQPEGTP UWDLGEVU YJKEJ VGPF PQV VQ DG ENCUUKHKGF CU JKUVQTKECN GXGPVU DWV YJKEJ JCXG UKIPKHKECPEG KP UQEKCN FGXGNQROGPV CDQXG CNN VJGOGU HTQO HKPCPEG GPIKPGGTKPI CPF OGFKEKPG

#U VJG UVTWEVWTG QH VJKU ECVCNQIWG YCU FKUEWUUGF VJG KPKVKCN KFGC YCU VQ RTGUGPV VJGUG URGEKCN KVGOU KP C UGRCTCVG UGEVKQP 5KPEG EQNNGEVQTU FGHKPG VJGKT CTGCU QH URGEKCNK\CVKQP RTKOCTKN[ IGQITCRJKECNN[ CPF CEEQTFKPI VQ VKOG RGTKQF KV YCU FGEKFGF VQ ENCUUKH[ VJG URGEKCN KVGOU KPVQ VJG CECFGOKE ECVCNQIWG UVTWEVWTG #PFTGCU -CKUGTŉU RTQRQUCN VQ KPVTQFWEG VJKU ITQWR UWDUGSWGPVN[ KP CP CRRGPFKZ OGV YKVJ O[ HWNN CRRTQXCN #U VJG TGUWNVU FGOQPUVTCVG VJG EQNNGEVQT TGCNN[ JCU VQ DG C DKV ETC\[

6JG GZCORNGU UJQY DGUV YJCV + OGCP UWDLGEVU YJKEJ CTG UVKNN TGNGXCPV VQFC[ *[IKGPG NQV QT JCXG U[ODQNKE UKIPKHKECPEG HQT VJGKT VKOG )WKNNQVKPG NQV $G[QPF VJG ITQWR UJQYP JGTG OQTG UWEJ URGEKCN KVGOU CYCKV FKUEQXGT[ KP VJG ECVCNQI + JQRG VJCV + JCXG OCPCIGF VQ VJWU IKXG VJG EQNNGEVKQP C RGTUQPCN VQWEJ CPF KFGPVKV[ 0QV QPN[ VJCV YJKEJ KU VQNF CDQWV C RKGEG KU KORQTVCPV DWV CDQXG CNN VJG OCPPGT KP YJKEJ KV KU VQNF #PF GXGT[ EQNNGEVKQP KU CNUQ C UVQT[

433

9JCV (TKGFTKEJ XQP 5EJKNNGT NQVU CPF QPEG UVCVGF KP TGICTF VQ VJG VJGCVGT ECP CNUQ DG UCKF CDQWV OGFCNNKQPU #NN CTV KU FGFKECVGF VQ RNGCUWTG CPF VJGTG KU PQ OQTG YQTVJ[ QT KORQTVCPV VCUM VJCP VJCV QH RNGCUKPI RGQRNG +H GXGP C HGY EQNNGEVQTU GZRGTKGPEG VJKU RGTUQPCNN[ VJGP KV YCU YQTVJ CNN VJG YQTM QP VJG EQNNGEVKQP CPF VJG ECVCNQIWG 9KVJ VJKU VJQWIJV KP OKPF + QHHGT VJCPMU VQ CNN GORNQ[GGU CV VJG *QWUG QH -Ã&#x2019;PMGT YJQ YQTMGF QP VJG RTQLGEV DWV CDQXG CNN VQ (TKV\ 4WFQNH -Ã&#x2019;PMGT CPF &T #PFTGCU -CKUGT HQT VJGKT YKFG TCPIKPI EQPUWNVCVKQP CPF UWRRQTV QXGT VJG [GCTU + YKUJ VQ GZVGPF O[ URGEKCN RGTUQPCN VJCPMU HQT VJG *GTEWNGCP VCUM QH ECVCNQIWG EQPEGRVWCNK\CVKQP CPF FGUKIP VQ #NGZCPFTC 5RTGW + CNUQ YCPV VQ VJCPM &T 9QNHICPI 5VGIWYGKV HQT JKU GUUC[ KP VJKU ECVCNQIWG CPF HQT JKU GZRGTKGPEGF CFXKUG

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434

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435

6GWGTWPI WPF -QTPYWEJGT

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#WH FKG $GUVGEJNKEJMGKV

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439

440

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442

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-CVCNQI 0T

443

&KG -TKGIUNGKFGP KP (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP $TGKUCEJ FWTEJ FKG 2TQVGUVCPVGP WPF FGT 6QF FGU *GT\QIU $GTPJCTF XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT 5CEJUGP &GT 6QF FGU *GT\QIU $GTPJCTF XQP 5CEJUGP 9GKOCT WPF UGKPG $GKUGV\WPI

5EJYGFGP &GT UEJYGFKUEJG 5GGUKGI ÒDGT FKG &·PGP DGK (GJOCTP 5RCPKGP &KG 'KPPCJOG FGT MCVCNCPKUEJGP 5VCFV $CNCIWGT FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG FGT MCVCNCPKUEJGP 5V·FVG $CNCIWGT WPF .NQTGPU FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 2KQODKPQ WPF 2QTVQ .QPIQPG 6QUMCPC FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP 4&4 &GT 9GUVH·NKUEJG (TKGFGP XQP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM /ÒPUVGT &GT 9GUVH·NKUEJG (TKGFGP XQP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM /ÒPUVGT &GT 9GUVH·NKUEJG (TKGFGP XQP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM /ÒPUVGT &GT 9GUVH·NKUEJG (TKGFGP XQP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM 5CEJUGP &GT 9GUVH·NKUEJG (TKGFGP XQP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM #WIUDWTI &KG ,CJTHGKGT FGU 9GUVH·NKUEJGP (TKGFGPU XQP /ÒPUVGT WPF 1UPCDTÒEM &'4 '456' '0).+5%* 0+'&'4. 0&+5%*' 5''-4+') 0KGFGTNCPFG &GT 6QF FGU PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP #FOKTCNU 6TQOR KP FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV XQP 5EJGXGPKPIGP 0KGFGTNCPFG &GT (TKGFG XQP 9GUVOKPUVGT &'4 014&+5%*' -4+') 2QNGP &KG 5VCPFHGUVKIMGKV FGT RQNPKUEJGP -ÌPKIKP .WFQXKEC /CTKC 2QNGP &KG ,CJTHGKGT FGU (TKGFGPU XQP 1NKXC &·PGOCTM &GT UEJYGFKUEJG #PITKHH CWH -QRGPJCIGP WPF FGT (TKGFGP XQP -QRGPJCIGP 5EJYGFGP &KG 6CRHGTMGKV FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP -ÌPKIU -CTN : )WUVCX &'4 <9'+6' '0).+5%* 0+'&'4. 0&+5%*' 5''-4+') )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT GPINKUEJG 5GGUKGI DGK .QYGUVQHV )TQDTKVCPPKGP &CU GPINKUEJG *CPFGNUCDMQOOGP OKV FGP URCPKUEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFGP 0KGFGTNCPFG &GT PKGFGTN·PFKUEJG #FOKTCN 6TQOR WPF FKG 6CIG 5GGUEJNCEJV IGIGP 'PINCPF 0KGFGTNCPFG &GT (TKGFGP XQP $TGFC 0KGFGTNCPFG &GT (TKGFGP XQP $TGFC &'4 0+'&'4. 0&+5%* (4#0<¤5+5%*' -4+') (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP MWTMÌNPKUEJGP WPF PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP (GUVWPIGP FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP XKGT PKGFGTTJGKPKUEJGP (GUVWPIGP FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 9KGFGTJGTUVGNNWPI FGU HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP /KNKV·TQTFGPU 0KGFGTNCPFG &KG 8GTVGKFKIWPI XQP )TQPKPIGP IGIGP FKG 6TWRRGP XQP /ÒPUVGT (TCPMTGKEJ &KG $GNCIGTWPI XQP 0KLOGIGP FWTEJ .QWKU :+8 (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 8GTVTGKDWPI FGT *QNN·PFGT XQP FGT +PUGN /CTVKPKSWG FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &GT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5KGI DGK #NVGPJGKO KP $CFGP (TCPMTGKEJ &GT HTCP\ÌUEJKUEJG /CTUEJCNN *GPTK FG NC 6QWT F #WXGTIPG 0KGFGTNCPFG &GT 6QF FGU PKGFGTN·PFKUEJGP #FOKTCNU FG 4W[VGT XQT FGT UK\KNKUEJGP -ÒUVG (TCPMTGKEJ &GT HTCP\Ì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ÒDGT FKG &·PGP $TCPFGPDWTI &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 5VGVVKP FWTEJ FGP )TQGP -WTHÒTUVGP $TCPFGPDWTI &KG 8GTVTGKDWPI FGT UEJYGFKUEJGP 6TWRRGP CWU 1UVRTGWGP &·PGOCTM &KG -TKGIUGTHQNIG FGU F·PKUEJGP -ÌPKIU %JTKUVKCP 8

444

(TCPMHWTV $TGKUCEJ

5EJYGFGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP .WPF 5EJYGFGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP .WPF &'4 4'70+105-4+') (TCPMTGKEJ &KG (TKGFGPUXGTJCPFNWPIGP XQP &GP *CCI 0KGFGTNCPFG &GT 4GIGPUDWTIGT 5VKNNUVCPF &'4 )4155' 6ª4-'0-4+') 4&4 &GT 'PVUCV\ XQP 9KGP XQP FGT VÒTMKUEJGP $GNCIGTWPI 4&4 &GT 'PVUCV\ XQP 9KGP XQP FGT VÒTMKUEJGP $GNCIGTWPI 2QNGP &GT 'PVUCV\ XQP 9KGP XQP FGT VÒTMKUEJGP $GNCIGTWPI #WIUDWTI &GT 'PVUCV\ XQP 9KGP XQP FGT VÒTMKUEJGP $GNCIGTWPI -KTEJGPUVCCV &KG $KNFWPI FGT *GKNKIGP .KIC -KTEJGPUVCCV 2QNGP ¤UVGTTGKEJ 8GPGFKI IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP 4&4 &KG MCKUGTNKEJGP 5KGIG FGU ,CJTGU ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP 4&4 &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 1HGP $WFC FWTEJ FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP 4&4 &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 1HGP $WFC FWTEJ FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP 4&4 &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 1HGP $WFC FWTEJ FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP +VCNKGP &KG XGPG\KCPKUEJGP 5KGIG ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP KP /QTGC 2GNGRQPPGU +VCNKGP &KG XGPG\KCPKUEJGP 5KGIG ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP KP /QTGC 2GNGRQPPGU +VCNKGP &KG XGPG\KCPKUEJGP 5KGIG ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP KP /QTGC 2GNGRQPPGU $C[GTP &GT 5KGI FGT MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP DGK /QJ±EU ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP $C[GTP &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP $GNITCF FWTEJ FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP /CKP\ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP $GNITCF FWTEJ FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP $CFGP &KG 5KGIG FGU /CTMITCHGP XQP $CFGP 6ÒTMGPNQWKU ÒDGT FKG 6ÒTMGP 4&4 &GT (TKGFGP XQP -CTNQYKV\ &'4 2( .<+5%*' '4$(1.)'-4+') 4&4 &KG )GIPGT FGU -CKUGTU .GQRQNF + 2HCN\ &GT 'KPOCTUEJ FGT (TCP\QUGP KP FKG 2HCN\ 2HCN\ &KG 8GTYÒUVWPI FGT 2HCN\ FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP 5CEJUGP &GT (GNF\WI FGU U·EJUKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP IGIGP FKG (TCP\QUGP KP /CKP\ $TCPFGPDWTI &KG DTCPFGPDWTIKUEJGP 5KGIG IGIGP FKG (TCP\QUGP CO 0KGFGTTJGKP $TCPFGPDWTI &KG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI MWTMÌNPKUEJGT 5V·FVG FWTEJ FKG $TCPFGPDWTIGT $TCPFGPDWTI &KG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI MWTMÌNPKUEJGT 5V·FVG FWTEJ FKG $TCPFGPDWTIGT $TCPFGPDWTI &KG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI MWTMÌNPKUEJGT 5V·FVG FWTEJ FKG $TCPFGPDWTIGT $TCPFGPDWTI &KG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI XQP $QPP FWTEJ FKG $TCPFGPDWTIGT (TCPMTGKEJ &GT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5GGUKGI ÒDGT FKG 'PIN·PFGT WPF 0KGFGTN·PFGT XQT $GCEJ[ *GCF (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 5CXQ[GP FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT -QPITGUU FGT #NNKGTVGP KP &GP *CCI )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP /QPU FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 0K\\C WPF /QPU FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 0K\\C FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP $C[GTP &KG ªDGTPCJOG FGT 5VCFVJCNVGTUEJCHV FGT 5RCPKUEJGP 0KGFGTNCPFG FWTEJ FGP DC[GTKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT 5GGUKGI FGT #NNKGTVGP DGK .C *QIWG )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT 5GGUKGI FGT #NNKGTVGP DGK .C *QIWG 2HCN\ &KG 2NÒPFGTWPI FGT -WTHÒTUVGPIT·DGT KP *GKFGNDGTI FWTEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5QNFCVGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG FGT MCVCNQPKUEJGP 5VCFV 4QUCU FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP 5CEJUGP &GT (GNF\WI FGU U·EJUKUEJGP -WTHÒTUVGP IGIGP (TCPMTGKEJ )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK 0GGTYKPFGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT -QPHNKMV \YKUEJGP .QWKU :+8 WPF 9KNNKCO +++ (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG FGT MCVCNQPKUEJGP 5VCFV 2CNCOQU FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'TQDGTWPI XQP &KMUOWKFG WPF &GKP\G FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG $QODCTFKGTWPI XQP &ÒPMKTEJGP FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI XQP 0COWT FWTEJ FKG #NNKKGTVGP 0KGFGTNCPFG &GT (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM 0KGFGTNCPFG &GT (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM

445

4&4 &GT (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM *CODWTI &GT (TKGFGP XQP 4KLUYKLM &'4 )4155' 014&+5%*' -4+') 5EJYGFGP &GT 6QF FGU UEJYGFKUEJGP )GPGTCNCFLWFCPVGP -PWV .GKLQPJWHXWF KP FGT 5EJNCEJV DGK 0CTXC 4WUUNCPF &KG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 5EJNÒUUGNDWTI FWTEJ FKG 4WUUGP 5EJYGFGP &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 'NDKPI FWTEJ FKG 5EJYGFGP 5CEJUGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP #NVTCPUV·FV \YKUEJGP -CTN :++ WPF (TKGFTKEJ #WIWUV + 5EJYGFGP &KG -TKGIUGTHQNIG -CTNU :++ 5EJYGFGP &CU 'ZKN -CTNU :++ KO VÒTMKUEJGP $GPFGT 5EJYGFGP &CU 'ZKN -CTNU :++ KO VÒTMKUEJGP $GPFGT 4WUUNCPF &KG TWUUKUEJGP 'TQDGTWPIGP FGU ,CJTGU 4WUUNCPF &GT TWUUKUEJG (GNF\WI IGIGP FKG 6ÒTMGP 5VCFG &KG -CRKVWNCVKQP XQP 5VCFG XQT FGP &·PGP 5EJYGFGP &GT UEJYGFKUEJG 5KGI DGK )CFGDWUEJ 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKP &KG 'KP·UEJGTWPI #NVQPCU FWTEJ FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP )GPGTCN 5VGPDQEM 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKP &KG 'KP·UEJGTWPI #NVQPCU FWTEJ FGP UEJYGFKUEJGP )GPGTCN 5VGPDQEM 4WUUNCPF &KG TWUUKUEJG (NQVVGPGZRGFKVKQP KP FGP (KPPKUEJGP /GGTDWUGP 5VTCNUWPF &KG #PMWPHV -CTNU :++ KP 5VTCNUWPF CWU FGO VÒTMKUEJGP 'ZKN 5VTCNUWPF &KG #PMWPHV -CTNU :++ KP 5VTCNUWPF CWU FGO VÒ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ÌTVJ )KDTCNVCT WPF *ÌEJUV·FV *ÌEJUV·FV &GT 5KGI FGT #NNKKGTVGP DGK *ÌEJUV·FV $CFGP &GT 5KGI FGT #NNKKGTVGP DGK *ÌEJUV·FV #WIUDWTI &GT 'PVUCV\ XQP #WIUDWTI FWTEJ FKG #NNKKGTVGP 7NO &KG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI XQP 7NO FWTEJ FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG 5KGIG FGT #NNKKGTVGP KP $TCDCPV 0KGFGTNCPFG &KG 5KGIG FGT #NNKKGTVGP KP $TCDCPV 5RCPKGP &GT 'PVUCV\ XQP $CTEGNQPC XQP FGT URCPKUEJGP $GNCIGTWPI 5RCPKGP &GT 'PVUCV\ XQP $CTEGNQPC XQP FGT URCPKUEJGP $GNCIGTWPI 5RCPKGP &GT 'KP\WI FGU 2T·VGPFGPVGP -CTN +++ XQP ¤UVGTTGKEJ PCEJ /CFTKF +VCNKGP &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 0GCRGN FWTEJ -CKUGT ,QUGH + )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 5CTFKPKGP WPF /GPQTEC FWTEJ FKG $TKVGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG 'KPPCJOG FGT (GUVWPI .KNNG FWTEJ FKG $TKVGP 0KGFGTNCPFG &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP )GPV FWTEJ FKG #NNKKGTVGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT 5KGI FGT #NNKKGTVGP ÒDGT FKG (TCP\QUGP DGK /CNRNCSWGV )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP &QWCK FWTEJ FKG #NNKKGTVGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP &QWCK FWTEJ FKG #NNKKGTVGP 4&4 &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP &QWCK FWTEJ FKG #NNKKGTVGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT 5KGI FGT #NNKKGTVGP ÒDGT FKG 5RCPKGT DGK 5CTCIQUUC )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP 7VTGEJV )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP 7VTGEJV 4&4 &GT (TKGFGP XQP 4CUVCVV &'4 8'0'<+#0+5%* ¤56'44'+%*+5%*' 6ª4-'0-4+') 4&4 &KG (GKPFUGNKIMGKVGP (TCPMTGKEJU IGIGP -CKUGT -CTN 8+ 4&4 &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP $GNITCF FWTEJ FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP &'4 -4+') 52#0+'05 <74 4ª%-)'9+0070) &'4 +6#.+'0+5%*'0 $'5+6<70)'0 4&4 &KG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK /GUUKPC WPF FGT DTKVKUEJG 5GGUKGI DGK 5[TCMWU 4&4 &KG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK /GUUKPC WPF FGT DTKVKUEJG 5GGUKGI DGK 5[TCMWU

446

4&4 &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP /GUUKPC FWTEJ FKG MCKUGTNKEJGP 6TWRRGP +VCNKGP &KG 9KGFGTGTNCPIWPI 5K\KNKGPU FWTEJ -CTN 8+ &'4 ¤56'44'+%*+5%*' '4$(1.)'-4+') 0KGFGTNCPFG &KG #WHTÒUVWPI FGT )GPGTCNUVCCVGP KO ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJGP 'TDHQNIGMTKGI )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG GPINKUEJG 0KGFGTNCIG KP FGT 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK 6QWNQP 2TGWGP &GT 'PVUCV\ XQP 2TCI XQP FGT RTGWKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI $C[GTP &GT -QPHNKMV \YKUEJGP /CTKC 6JGTGUKC WPF -CTN 8++ (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'TQDGTWPI XQP $TÒUUGN FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP &'4 '456' 5%*.'5+5%*' -4+') 2TGWGP &KG $GUGV\WPI XQP $TGUNCW FWTEJ FKG 2TGWGP 2TGWGP &GT RTGWKUEJG 5KGI DGK %JQVWUKV\ &'4 <9'+6' 5%*.'5+5%*' -4+') 2TGWGP &KG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI XQP 2TCI FWTEJ FKG ¤UVGTTGKEJGT 2TGWGP &KG $GUGV\WPI XQP &TGUFGP FWTEJ FKG 2TGWGP &'4 5+'$'0, *4+)' -4+') 2TGWGP &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK 2TCI 2TGWGP &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK 4QDCEJ 4&4 &GT 'PVUCV\ XQP 1NOÒV\ XQP FGT RTGWKUEJGP $GUGV\WPI -CPCFC &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 3WGDGE FWTEJ FKG 'PIN·PFGT 2TGWGP &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK .KGIPKV\ -WDC &KG 8GTVGKFKIWPI FGT URCPKUEJGP (GUVWPI *CXCPPC IGIGP FKG 'PIN·PFGT *CODWTI &GT (TKGFGP XQP *WDGTVWUDWTI 0KGFGTNCPFG &GT (TKGFGP XQP *WDGTVWUDWTI &'4 $#;'4+5%*' '4$(1.)'-4+') 2TGWGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP 6GUEJGP 2TGWGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP 6GUEJGP &'4 '0).+5%* 52#0+5%*' -4+') #.5 6'+. &'5 #/'4+-#0+5%*'0 70#$* 0)+)-'+65-4+')'5 )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG URCPKUEJG $GNCIGTWPI XQP )KDTCNVCT &'4 4755+5%* ¤56'44'+%*+5%*' 6ª4-'0-4+') 4&4 &KG 'TQDGTWPI XQP $GNITCF FWTEJ FKG ¤UVGTTGKEJGT &+' 4'81.76+105-4+')' &'4 '456' -1#.+6+105-4+') 5CEJUGP &KG -QPXGPVKQP XQP 2KNNPKV\ IGIGP FCU TGXQNWVKQP·TG (TCPMTGKEJ 2TGWGP &GT RTGWKUEJG )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN XQP /ÌNNGPFQTH 2TGWGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP $CUGN (TCPMTGKEJ &GT LWPIG )GPGTCN 0CRQN¾QP $QPCRCTVG (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP /CPVWC FWTEJ 0CRQN¾QP +VCNKGP &GT 'KPOCTUEJ FGT (TCP\QUGP KP $TGUEKC 4&4 &KG 5KGIG FGT ¤UVGTTGKEJGT CO 4JGKP &+' 4'81.76+105-4+')' &'4 <9'+6' -1#.+6+105-4+') +VCNKGP &KG 4ÒEMMGJT FGU -ÌPKIU (GTFKPCPF +8 XQP $QWTDQP PCEJ 0GCRGN PCEJ FGO #D\WI FGT (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'TQDGTWPI XQP 1DGT·I[RVGP FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG ªDGTSWGTWPI FGU ITQGP 5V $GTPJCTF 2CUUGU FWTEJ 0CRQN¾QP (TCPMTGKEJ &GT (TKGFGP XQP .WP¾XKNNG &·PGOCTM &KG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK -QRGPJCIGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 8QTXGTJCPFNWPIGP \WO (TKGFGP XQP #OKGPU &+' 0#21.'10+5%*'0 -4+')' &'4 &4+66' -1#.+6+105-4+') (TCPMTGKEJ &GT $CW XQP HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP -TKGIUUEJKHHGP *CODWTI &KG #WHJGDWPI FGT 'NDDNQEMCFG KP *CODWTI (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 9KGP FWTEJ 0CRQN¾QP (TCPMTGKEJ &GT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5KGI XQP #WUVGTNKV\ (TCPMTGKEJ &CU 6TGHHGP XQP 0CRQN¾QP WPF -CKUGT (TCP\ + KP 7TUEJKV\ (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 8GPGFKI FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 8GPGFKI FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP &+' 0#21.'10+5%*'0 -4+')' &'4 8+'46' -1#.+6+105-4+') (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 7NO WPF /GOOKPIGP FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP +UVTKGP FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG )TÒPFWPI FGU 4JGKPDWPFGU 447

(TCPMTGKEJ &GT 'KP\WI 0CRQN¾QPU KP $GTNKP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG $GUGV\WPI XQP *CODWTI (TCPMTGKEJ &KG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG #NNKCP\ OKV 5CEJUGP (TCPMTGKEJ &GT $CWDGIKPP FGU 6TKWORJDQIGPU KO .QWXTG (TCPMTGKEJ &KG #PYGUGPJGKV 0CRNQ¾QPU KP 1UVGTQFG 1UVRTGWGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 'KPPCJOG XQP $GTNKP 9CTUEJCW WPF -ÌPKIUDGTI (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'TTKEJVWPI FGU *GT\QIVWOU 9CTUEJCW (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'TTKEJVWPI FGU -ÌPKITGKEJU 9GUVRJCNGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP 5KGIG FGU ,CJTGU 2TGWGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP 6KNUKV 5CEJUGP &GT (TKGFGP XQP 6KNUKV &+' 0#21.'10+5%*'0 -4+')' &'4 52#0+5%*' 70#$* 0)+)-'+65-4+') )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG #PMWPHV FGT DTKVKUEJGP #TOGG KP 5RCPKGP )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT GPINKUEJG 5KGI DGK 6CNCXGTC )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT GPINKUEJG 5KGI KP 5CNCOCPEC WPF FGT 'KPOCTUEJ KP /CFTKF &+' 0#21.'10+5%*'0 -4+')' &'4 (ª0(6' -1#.+6+105-4+') (TCPMTGKEJ &GT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 5KGI DGK 'UUNKPI WPF FGT ªDGTICPI ÒDGT FKG &QPCW &+' 0#21.'10+5%*'0 -4+')' &'4 4755.#0&('.&<7) (TCPMTGKEJ &GT 'KP\WI 0CRQN¾QPU KP /QUMCW (TCPMTGKEJ &KG #PMWPHV FGT HTCP\ÌUKUEJGP #TOGG CP FGT 9QNIC (TCPMTGKEJ &GT 4ÒEM\WI FGT (TCP\QUGP CWU 4WUUNCPF &+' 0#21.'10+5%*'0 -4+')' &'4 5'%*56' -1#.+6+105-4+') 70& &+' $'(4'+70)5-4+')' 4WUUNCPF &CU $ÒPFPKU IGIGP 0CRQN¾QP 4WUUNCPF &CU $ÒPFPKU IGIGP 0CRQN¾QP 2TGWGP &KG ,CJTHGKGT FGT $GHTGKWPIUMTKGIG 4WUUNCPF &KG $GHTGKWPI $GTNKPU FWTEJ FKG 4WUUGP 5CEJUGP &KG 5RTGPIWPI FGT #WIWUVWUDTÒEMG KP &TGUFGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK )TQIÌTUEJGP .ÒV\GP 2TGWGP &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK FGT -CV\DCEJ +UGPDWTI &GT (GNF\WI IGIGP 0CRQN¾QP 4WUUNCPF &GT 5KGIGU\WI FGT #NNKKGTVGP WPF FGT (TKGFGP XQP 2CTKU 2TGWGP &GT 5KGIGU\WI FGT #NNKKGTVGP WPF FGT (TKGFGP XQP 2CTKU 4WUUNCPF &KG #PYGUGPJGKV FGU <CTGP #NGZCPFGT + KP 2CTKU 2TGWGP &GT 5KGI ÒDGT 0CRQN¾QP WPF FKG 'TÌHHPWPI FGU 9KGPGT -QPITGUUGU ¤UVGTTGKEJ &GT 9KGPGT -QPITGUU (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 4ÒEMMGJT 0CRQN¾QPU XQP 'NDC PCEJ 2CTKU (TCPMTGKEJ &KG #PURTCEJG FGU *GT\QIU XQP $GTT[ KP $GVJWPG )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK 9CVGTNQQ 2TGWGP &KG 5EJNCEJV DGK 9CVGTNQQ )TQDTKVCPPKGP &GT 'KP\WI FGT $TKVGP KP 2CTKU (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 8GTDCPPWPI 0CRQN¾QPU PCEJ 5V *GNGPC 2TGWGP &KG $GHTGKWPIUMTKGIG 2TGWGP &GT RTGWKUEJG )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN $NÒEJGT &'4 -4+/-4+') 6ÒTMGK &KG 5GGUEJNCEJV DGK 5KPQRG \YKUEJGP FGT TWUUKUEJGP WPF QUOCPKUEJGP (NQVVG )TQDTKVCPPKGP &KG 5KGIG FGT #NNKKGTVGP CO 5EJYCT\GP /GGT WPF CP FGT &QPCW (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 'KPPCJOG XQP 5GYCUVQRQN FWTEJ FKG (TCP\QUGP 6ÒTMGK 8GTFKGPUVOGFCKNNG HÒT FKG 1HHK\KGTG FGT #NNKKGTVGP &'4 -10(.+-6 7/ 5%*.'59+) *1.56'+0 5'+6 70& &'4 &'765%* & 0+5%*' -4+') 'EMGTPHÌTFG &CU 5GGIGHGEJV DGK 'EMGTPHÌTFG &·PGOCTM &KG *KNHG FGT UMCPFKPCXKUEJGP 0CEJDCTP KO F·PKUEJGP -CORH WO 5EJNGUYKI *QNUVGKP *GNIQNCPF &GT 5KGI FGT ÌUVGTTGKEJKUEJ RTGWKUEJGP (NQVVG ÒDGT FKG &·PGP DGK *GNIQNCPF &'4 &'765%* (4#0<¤5+5%*' -4+') 2TGWGP &KG FGWVUEJGP 5KGIG FGU ,CJTGU 9GKOCTGT 4GRWDNKM &KG ,CJTHGKGT FGT 5EJNCEJV XQP 5GFCP 2TGWGP &KG UKGITGKEJG 4ÒEMMGJT FGU FGWVUEJGP *GGTGU PCEJ $GTNKP

448

&'4 4755+5%* ,#2#0+5%*' -4+') ,CRCP &GT TWUUKUEJ LCRCPKUEJG -TKGI &'4 '456' 9'.6-4+') 9GNVMTKGI &GT #WUDTWEJ FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU 9GNVMTKGI &GT #WUDTWEJ FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU 7PICTP &GT #WUDTWEJ FGU 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGIGU 4WUUNCPF &CU $ÒPFPKU IGIGP &GWVUEJNCPF UQYKG FGT -TKGIUGKPVTKVV FGT 'PVGPVG 5EJYGK\ &KG /QDKNOCEJWPI FGT 5EJYGK\GT 6TWRRGP 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJG )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN XQP *KPFGPDWTI 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJG )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN XQP $ÒNQY 9GNVMTKGI &KG 8GTUGPMWPI FTGKGT GPINKUEJGT 2CP\GTMTGW\GT FWTEJ FCU FGWVUEJG 7 $QQV 9GNVMTKGI &GT -TKGIUGKPUCV\ FGU <GRRGNKPU 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJG #TOGGHÒJTGT 2TKP\ 9KNJGNO 'KVGN (TKGFTKEJ %JTKUVKCP XQP 2TGWGP &GWVUEJG -QNQPKGP &KG 8GTVGKFKIWPI -KCWVUEJQWU IGIGP FKG ,CRCPGT &GWVUEJG -QNQPKGP &KG 8GTVGKFKIWPI -KCWVUEJQWU IGIGP FKG ,CRCPGT &GWVUEJG -QNQPKGP &KG 8GTVGKFKIWPI -KCWVUEJQWU IGIGP FKG ,CRCPGT 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJG 5KGI ÒDGT FKG 4WUUGP DGK $T\G\KP[ 9GNVMTKGI &KG FGWVUEJG 8GTYWPFGVGPHÒTUQTIG 9GNVMTKGI &CU 5GGIGHGEJV DGK FGP (CNMNCPFKPUGNP 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJG -TKGIUOKPKUVGT 'TKEJ XQP (CNMGPJC[P 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJG 1DGTDGHGJNUJCDGT -TQPRTKP\ 4WRRTGEJV XQP $C[GTP 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJG )TQCFOKTCN XQP 6KTRKV\ 9GNVMTKGI &KG 4ÒEMGTQDGTWPI 1UVRTGWGPU FWTEJ FKG &GWVUEJGP 9GNVMTKGI &KG -TKGIUJCNVWPI FGT 75# 9GNVMTKGI &CU DTKVKUEJG 2TQVGMVQTCV ÒDGT I[RVGP (TCPMTGKEJ &KG 8GTVGKFKIWPI XQP 8GTFWP IGIGP FGP FGWVUEJGP #PITKHH 9GNVMTKGI &GT 8KGTGTDWPF FGT /KVVGNO·EJVG 9GNVMTKGI &GT VÒTMKUEJG -TKGIUOKPKUVGT 'PXGT 2CUEJC 9GNVMTKGI &KG 9CHHGPDTÒFGTUEJCHV FGT /KVVGNO·EJVG 9GNVMTKGI &GT 6QF FGU ,CIFHNKGIGTU 1UYCNF $QGNEMG 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJG )GPGTCNNGWVPCPV *GT\QI #NDTGEJV XQP 9ÒTVVGODGTI 9GNVMTKGI &GT 'TUVG 9GNVMTKGI 9GNVMTKGI &KG 'TNGDPKUUG FGU -TKOKPQNQIGP *CPU XQP *GPVKI KP 2CN·UVKPC 9GNVMTKGI &GT 'TUVG 9GNVMTKGI &GWVUEJG -QNQPKGP &KG #WHVGKNWPI FGT FGWVUEJGP -QNQPKGP PCEJ FGO 'TUVGP 9GNVMTKGI ,CRCP &GT (TKGFGP XQP 8GTUCKNNGU (TCPMTGKEJ &GT HTCP\ÌUKUEJG /CTUEJCNN (QEJ WPF FKG 5KGIGURCTCFG KP 2CTKU &'4 <9'+6' 9'.6-4+') &TKVVGU 4GKEJ &CU /ÒPEJGPGT #DMQOOGP &TKVVGU 4GKEJ &KG #PINKGFGTWPI ¤UVGTTGKEJU WPF FGU 5WFGVGPNCPFGU CP &GWVUEJNCPF 9GNVMTKGI &KG 9KGFGTGKPINKGFGTWPI &CP\KIU KP FCU &GWVUEJG 4GKEJ 5EJYGK\ &GT 5EJYGK\GT )GPGTCN *GPTK )WKUCP WPF FKG 5EJYGK\GT -TKGIUOQDKNOCEJWPI 9GNVMTKGI &GT 'KP\WI FGWVUEJGT 6TWRRGP KP 2CTKU 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJ HTCP\ÌUKUEJG 9CHHGPUVKNNUVCPF XQP %QORK½IPG 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJG 4GKEJUOCTUEJCNN )ÌTKPI 75# &GT LCRCPKUEJG #PITKHH CWH 2GCTN *CDQWT 9GNVMTKGI &GT FGWVUEJG )GPGTCNHGNFOCTUEJCNN XQP $QEM WPF FKG $GNCIGTWPI XQP %JCTMQY 75# &KG 75 (NWI\GWIFKXKUKQP $WHHCNQ 0 ; .WZGODWTI &KG $GHTGKWPI .WZGODWTIU FWTEJ COGTKMCPKUEJG 6TWRRGP 2QNGP &KG +PVGTPKGTWPI RQNPKUEJGT 5QNFCVGP KP FGT 5EJYGK\ 5EJYGK\ &GT 5EJYGK\GT -TKGIUFKGPUV KO <YGKVGP 9GNVMTKGI 75# &KG -TKGIUHKPCP\KGTWPI FGT 75# 4WUUNCPF &GT UQYLGVKUEJG )GPGTCNUVCDUEJGH 5EJWMQY

449

INDEX DER MEDALLEURE # # ) # . #DTCJCO , #DTCOUQP # #FQNRJ\QQP %JT #F\GT & , #GUUNKPIGT * #JNDQTP .GC #MKOWUEJMKP 0 #NNGP , #OOCPP , % #PFTKGW $ #TCOC[Q ( #TDKGP / ) #TQPFGCWZ 4 #TTCDCN 2 ) #XGVC , FG #XT[ ( $ $CEJOCPP 4 $CGTNN , XCP $CIFQPU $CJTG * ) $CNFGPDCEJ 2 $CNN 4 $CTDGT % ' $CTTG , , $CTVJ % $CWGTV , ' $GEMGT & $GNNCICODC $GPVGNNK & $GTEMGN 6 XCP $GTI 2 $GTPJCTV , $GTVK # $G[GT ( $KCPEJK ( $KCPEJK + $KFQINKC $KLNCGT ) XCP $KLNCGT 9 XCP $KTMU $CMNCPQX # $NWO , $QFNCM - $QGJO , ' $QP\CIPK )

IGPCPPV (GFGTKEQ 2CTOGPUG $QTPGT 2 2 450

$QTTGN # $QUMCO , $QWTFGNNG # $QX[ # $QX[ * $QYGT ) $TCDCPFV ' $TCPFV * ( $TGJOGT ( $TGMGT # $TGPGV ( $TGPGV 0 ) $TGVQP * NG $TGWGT , ) $TQEM 6 $TWPPGT / $T[CPV % ' $WEJJGKO , $Ã&#x2019;EMNG , / $WTIGT # $WUEJ % ) $WUEJPKEM ) , $[NCGT , XCP % %CRRWEEKQ # %CSWÂ¾ # %CUUQNK ) %GTDCTC 0 %GUCVK # %JGXCNKGT 0 %JTKUV ( %NQEJG % FG NC %QPEGG * %TQMGT , & &CEJNCWGT % &CFNGT 5 &CNK 5 &CUUKGT , &CUUKGT , # &CXCNQU # &CXKF 2 , IGPCPPV &CXKF F #PIGTU &CXKU , 9GTMUVCVV &GRCWNKU # ,

&GRCWNKU ( &GUCKFG 4QSWGNC[ &GUEJCORU . &GXTGGUG % &KUJQGEMG , &OKVTKGX 0 &ÌNN , 8 &QNKP , &QPPGT ) 4 &QP\GNNK # &TCRRGPVKGT , &TGPVYGVV 5 &TQ\ , 2 &ÒTTKEJ * &WOCTGUV 4 &WRT¾ # &WRT¾ ) &WXKXKGT $ ' ' ( ' < 'EJVCNGT , 'KEJJQTP * 'OCPWGN * 9GTMUVCVV 'OK * 'PJÌTPKPI % 'WG ( ( ( (CDDK ( (CEKWU ( 9 (CNV\ 4 (CT¾ ' (GEJVGT ( (GJTOCP % (GTTCTK . (GTTCTKU ) (TCIPK .

IGPCPPV .QTGP\Q 2CTOGPUG (TGWPF 9 ' (TKV\ , (WEJU ' (ÒTUV / (WNRKWU ' ) ) ) + 9 )CDG / )CNCODQU # )CNNG # )CNNK ' )CUU , $ )CVVGCWZ ' )CVVGCWZ 0

)CWN )C[TCTF 4 )GQTIG )GTJCTF * 9GTMUVCVV )GUUPGT * , )KCORCQNK % )KCORCQNK 2 )KCPPQPG ( )KN ) # )NCUGT 5QJP 9GTMUVCVV )NÌEMNGT 1 )QGV\ - )QGV\G ) )QTFKNNQ ( )QTJCO 5KNXGTUOKVJU (KTOC )TCPFG 4 )TKNKEJGU # )TQMWTV * 2 )WDG * )WINKGNOCFC ) $ )WKNNGOCTF # * * $ * ( * . 6 *CEJVGP & ) XCP *·UGNGT % *CJP * *CKFNGT % *CNNKFC[ 6 *COGTCPK # *COGTCPK $GCVTKEG *COGTCPK ) *COGTCPK 1 *CPEQEM , ) *CPPKDCN ' *CTV . , *CUGTQVJ % ( *CVVKPIDGTI *CWVUEJ ) *GEJV *GFNKPIGT , % *GPFTKEM 5 *GPUEJGN ) * *¾TCTF ) . *GTEWNGU , *GWDGTIGT . *ÌEMPGT , % *ÌEMPGT , 9 *ÌEMPGT - 9 *ÌJP , *ÌTPNGKP ( 451

*QHHOCPP # *QHOCPP # *QNN # *QNV\JG[ , ) *QNV\JG[ / *QRRG 1 *WIWGPKP * *WIWGPKP 9GTMUVCVV *WOOGN # *WRR # + +YCPQHH 6 , ,CGIGT , % ) ,CJP ( 1 ,CNG[ . ,KFC , ,QJPUQP 5 9GTMUVCVV ,QPIJGNKPEM , XQP ,QWCPPKP , ,WFKP 5 - - 5 -CNCUJPKMQX 1 -CTNUVGGP # -CTPGV -CWHOCPP * -CYCE\[PUMK / XQP -GVVGNGT ' -KTM , -KVVGN ) 9 -KVVGN , -KV\MCV\ 4 0 -NGKP 4 -NGKPG % -NGKPGTV ( -NKPIJCOOGT , # & -QGPG & -ÌPKI # -ÌPKI # ( -ÌPKI ( -ÌTPGT 9 -QJNGT ' 2 -QTPOCPP , , -QXCEU ( -TCOGT 9GTMUVCVV -TKUEJMGT ( -TÒIGT %JT , -TÒIGT ( * -TÒIGT - 4 -TÒIGT 4 -ÒEJNGT % * -ÒEJNGT 4 452

-WNNTKEJ ( 9 . . &4 .CHKVVG .CPI , .CPIG % .CPIG - .CWGT 9GTMUVCVV .CWGT %JT .CWHHGT . ) .CXTKNNKGT # .CX[ % .GDGTGEJV % .G $NCPE , .G %NGTE ) .GJGTT %JT , .GKIJVQP ( .GUUGT - .G[IGDG ) .KPEM , .LWPIDGTIGT ) .ÌUEJ , .ÌYGPVCN # .QPICETG , $ .QQHH , XCP .QQU & ( .QQU ( 9 .QQU ) ( .QQU - ( .QQU 9GTMUVCVV .QTGP\ , .ÒPGP * XQP .WPFITGP . 2 .WVOC , ( .WVVOGT , 2 .WV\ ) / / $ /CECWNG[ $CDKPIVQP 9GTMUVCVV /CIFGDWTIGT * /CKPGTV , /CNGT %JT /CNGT 8 /CPHTGFKPK . /CP\Ï 2 /CTGPJQN\ 4 /CTVGCW ( /CTVKP % /CTVKP[ 2 /CV\GPMQRH ( /CWIGT ,

/C[GT $ * 9GTMUVCVV /C[GT WPF 9KNJGNO 9GTMUVCVV /C[NGT 9 /GNEJKQT % /GTECPFGVVK 6 /GTEK¾ % # /¾TGNNG /GTNGP , $ /GTVGPU # /GVCN #TVU %QORCP[ /G[DWUEJ # /KEJCWV # ( /KNKE\ 0 9GTMUVCVV /KNNU ) /KVEJGNN ( 0 /ÌNNGT / /ÌTKMQHGT , / /QNCTV / /QNQ ) /QNQP ' /QNNGT %JT /QPPGTQP 9GTMUVCVV /QPVCIP[ , 2 /QPVHQTV , FG /QQTG , /QTKP , /QTQ ) /QTQPG ) /ÒNNGT %JT ' /ÒNNGT 2 * /ÒNNGT 9 /WJNG % # 0 0GWHCJTGT . 9GTMUVCVV 0KENCWUUG ( 2 0KGFGTPJ·WUGTP 4 FG 0KMQPQX 8 0QCEM 9GTMUVCVV 0QES * 0ÒTPDGTIGT ) ( 0ÒTPDGTIGT 2 ) 1 1GTVGN 9GTMUVCVV 1GZNGKP , . 1OGKU / * 1TGNNCPC ( 1THKPK ' 2 2CICPQ /

2CNCFKPQ ) 2CRKNNQP 2CUVK / FG 9GTMUVCVV 2GTIGT & 2GVGTUGP 2 2GVKV . / 2HGWHHGT %JT 2KPEJDGEM % 2KPEJGU , 2KPIQ , 2KPIQ 6 2KUVTWEEK $ 2KVVPGT 9 2NCE\GM 1 2QGNNCVJ 9GTMUVCVV 2QINKCIJK . 2QQNN ) 2QQN , 2QUEJ . 2QUVPKMQX ) 2QUVQN + 2WVKPCVK ( 2TKGVQ 6 ( 4 4CPEGVVK ) 4GKEJ , %JT 4GKEJ , / 4GKPJCTV F 9GTMUVCVV 4GKPJCTV * 4GUVGNNK # 4GVGMG , 4GVJG , 4GWUU 6 4G[ 5 4KEJVGT $ 4KGIGT * 4KXQNVC % 4QFTKIWG\ , ( 4ÎI / 4QGVVKGTU 0 4QGVVKGTU , 4QGVVKGTU , % 4QICV ' 4QUUK % 4QVJ , % 4QV[ 1 4QWUUGN 4QWUUGN , 4WK * 5 5 5CKPV )CWFGPU # 5CNYKTEM , 5CPVCTGNNK ) # 5CWNNGU ) 9 FG 453

5EJCDGN # 5EJ·HGT # 5EJ·HGT 9 5EJCRGT ( 5EJCTHH # 5EJCWUU / 5EJGIC ( # 5EJGRR ) . 5EJKPMGN - ( 5EJPGKFGT %JT 5EJPKV\URCJP % 5EJWNV\ , $ 5EJWNV\ 1 5EJYGIGTNG * 5EJYGP\GT - 5EJYGTFVPGT , 5GNNCP ) 5GNNGPV 5GNVGT , 5KPPQEM 5MWFPQX / 5OGNV\KPI , 5QTDGTIGT , ) 5RGTCP\C ( 5RKPGNNK # 5VCPIGT # 5VCWFKIGN ( 5VGVVPGT , 6 5VKGTNG , , 5VKQTG ( 5VQEMOCT , . 5VQEMOCT 6 5VTÌDGN * 5VWTO 2 5WTKC 6 5YKPFGTGP 0 XCP 6 6 , 6CWVGPJC[P , 6JKGDCWF , 6TQKNNQP 6TQVKP % 6TCXCPK # 6TCXCPK ) ( 7 7JNOCPP 9 7PIGNVGT % 7TUGPVJCNGT 7 8 8CIPGVVK ) 8GDGT ) < 8GTDGGM # 8GTPKGT 5 ' 454

8GUVPGT # 8GUVPGT ) 9 8KPEM % 8KPE\G 2 8QIGN # 8QKIV % 8QKIV ) 8TKGU / % FG 9 9CGEJVGT , ) 9CNVGT 2 9CRRGPUVGKP # 9CTKP , 9CVGTNQQU # 9CVGTNQQU & 9GDD 6 9GKICPF ' 9GKUU , 9GNE\ % 9GTOWVJ %JT 9GTOWVJ ( 9GTPGT 2 2 9GUVOCP $ 9KFGOCPP # 9KGPGT , 9KGPGT . 9KLPVIGU % 9KLPVIGU , 9KNEM * 9KNIG # XCP FGT 9KNPQ 9KPUNQY 2 %JT 9KVVGTYWNEJG , 9KTV , 0 9QNHH 2 9QNHH , * 9QNHH 6 9QNTCD * , 9TGFG ' 9WTUEJDCWGT ( , 9[QP # $ 9[QP $ 9[QP , 5 9[QP . % 9[QP 9 ; ;GQ 4 < <GPVWTKQP / <KORGN . <WVV 4 #

ALLE IN DIESEM KATALOG ANGEBOTENEN OBJEKTE UNTERLIEGEN DER DIFFERENZBESTEUERUNG

+TTVWO XQTDGJCNVGP

455