eLive Auction 26 by Künker - Part 2 by Fritz Rudolf Kuenker GmbH & Co. KG

eLive Auction 26 Teil 1 Losnummer 2001 – 2508 Teil 2 Losnummer 2509 – 3056 Teil 3

Losnummer 4001 – 4800

11. Februar 2014, Start: 1900 Uhr Münzen und Medaillen (siehe Katalog 1) 12. Februar 2014, Start: 1900 Uhr Münzen und Medaillen (siehe Katalog 1) 13. Februar 2014, Start: 1700 Uhr Important Numismatic Books The Herbert Kreindler Library Part II Numismatische Literatur Die Bibliothek Herbert Kreindler Teil II

G. F. K.

Kolbe & Fanning Numismatic Booksellers

Sehr geehrte Münzfreunde/Dear Coin Collectors Auch zu Beginn des Jahres 2014 können wir Ihnen wieder gedruckte Kataloge zu den eLive-Auktionen anbieten. In diesem Jahr erhalten Sie gleich zwei Exemplare: Im ersten finden Sie eine Auswahl an Münzen und Medaillen, im zweiten versteigern wir in Kooperation mit der Firma Kolbe & Fanning, Numismatic Booksellers, den zweiten Teil der numismatischen Bibliothek des Numismatikers Herbert Kreindler, New York. Die Lose dieser Auktion wurden in den USA beschrieben und so finden Sie den Text in englischer Sprache vor. Die eLive-Auktion findet aber in der von Ihnen gewohnten Internet-Umgebung der Firma Künker statt. Gern helfen wir Ihnen bei Fragen dazu. Das Aufgeld für diese Gemeinschaftsauktion beträgt 15 %. Von Kunden in Deutschland und in der Europäischen Union wird auf den Gesamtpreis (Zuschlag plus Aufgeld) die zur Zeit gültige, ermäßigte Mehrwertsteuer von 7 % erhoben. Die Versandkosten für Bücher werden nach Aufwand berechnet. Wichtig für Sie ist, dass wir Ihnen als erfolgreichem Bieter nur die Versandkosten ab Osnabrück in Rechnung stellen. Wir wünschen Ihnen viel Freude mit diesem Katalog und hoffen, Sie finden einige schöne Stücke für Ihre Sammlung und Bibliothek!

This year we are presenting two printed catalogues of our eLive sale in February, the first one with medieval and modern coins and medals, the second one is a conjunction-sale with the well-known company Kolbe & Fanning, Numismatic Booksellers, offering the important numsimatic library of Herbert Kreindler, New York, Part II. As this catalogue was written in the US, this time the text is in English. But the process of bidding will take place on Künker’s well-known Internet pages. For this joint auction the buyer’s premium will be 15 % on hammer price. Buyers in the European Union pay in addition to the total price (hammer price plus buyer’s premium) the reduced VAT of 7 %. Shipping costs of books will be charged according to effort. Important for you: You will pay only the shipping costs from Osnabrück to your home. We wish you a lot of pleasure with this catalogue and hope you will find a few additional items for your collection!

Mit herzlichen Grüßen/With warm regards

Besichtigung/On View Eine Bibliothek steht in den Räumen der Firma Kolbe & Fanning, 141 W. Johnstown Road, Gahanna, Ohio 43230, USA. Detaillierte Fragen zu den einzelnen Büchern, zu Einbänden und zu Erhaltungen beantworten wir gerne. The books are stored in the premises of Kolbe & Fanning, 141 W. Johnstown Road, Gahanna, Ohio 43230, USA. We are happy to answer detailed questions about conditions and bindings.

Registrierung/Registration Um an der eLive Auction teilzunehmen, benötigen Sie einen aktiven myKünker-Account. Falls Sie noch keinen Account besitzen, können Sie sich auf unserer Website registrieren oder Sie wenden sich direkt an unsere Kundenbetreuung. Bitte beachten Sie, dass jede Registrierung manuell bearbeitet wird und nur während der Geschäftszeiten möglich ist. Wir empfehlen, sich möglichst frühzeitig zu registrieren, da jede Registrierung ca. einen Werktag dauert. In order to participate in the eLive Auction, all you need is an Internet connection along with an active myKünker account to log in. In case you do not yet have access to myKünker, you can register on our website or get in touch directly with our customer service department. Please note: New registrations are only possible during our business hours!

Künker-Service Wir sind mittlerweile mit neun eigenen Standorten in Deutschland und Europa vertreten. So können wir Ihnen unseren beliebten KünkerService auch in Ihrer Nähe anbieten. Unsere Leistungen vor Ort: • Persönliche Beratung und Betreuung in Ihrer Nähe. • Sie können Ihre Münzen direkt einliefern oder verkaufen, ersteigerte Münzen abholen und sich nach Vereinbarung Einlieferungen auszahlen lassen. • Sie können sich von unserem Kooperationspartner auf den Künker-Auktionen vertreten lassen. We are now represented with nine locations in Germany and Europe so that we can also provide you the best service in your vicinity. Our local services: • You always have a point of contact nearby. • You can directly consign or sell your coins, collect purchases and receive by appointment payment for consignments. • You can have our cooperation partner represent you at our auctions. OSNABRÜCK Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Gutenbergstraße 23, 49076 Osnabrück Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20, E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Haupptstsititz Ha ititz in in Osn s abbrüückk

USt-IdNr./VAT-No: DE256270181

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Standorte/Locations

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MÜNCHEN Künker Numismatik AG Löwengrube 12, 80333 München Dr. Hubert Ruß Tel. +49 (0)89 242 198 38, service@kuenker-numismatik.de Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Maximiliansplatz 12a, 80333 München Frank Richardsen Tel. +49 (0)89 242 16 990, frank.richardsen@kuenker.de BERLIN Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Poststraße 22, 10178 Berlin-Mitte Michael Otto Tel. +49 (0)30 247 248 91, michael.otto@kuenker.de

Miich M chaaeel Ot Otto tto to

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HAMBURG Künker Hamburg, c/o Roland Trampe Roland Trampe Tel. +49 (0)541 96 20 20, roland.trampe@kuenker.de KONSTANZ Künker Konstanz, c/o Michael Autengruber Schulthaißstraße 10, 78462 Konstanz Michael Autengruber Tel. +49 (0)7531 28 44 69, michael.autengruber@kuenker.de

Michaeel Autengruubeer

P tr Koovvaljo Pe jov

ZNOJMO Künker Znojmo, c/o Petr Kovaljov 17. Listopadu 18, 66902 Znojmo, Tschechische Republik Petr Kovaljov Tel. +42 (0)603 81 10 31, petr.kovaljov@kuenker.de ZÜRICH Künker Zürich, c/o Hess-Divo AG Löwenstraße 55, 8001 Zürich, Schweiz Ulf Künker Tel. +41 (0)44 225 40 90, zuerich@kuenker.de

Allekksesey On Oncchhuk Onc ukov kov

MOSKAU Künker Moskau, c/o Russian Coin Co. Ltd. Lyalin pereulok dom 9, str. 1, of. 3, 105062 Moskau, Russland Aleksey Onchukov Tel. +7 (495) 589 56 10, aleksey.onchukov@kuenker.de

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG Als Europas führendes Auktionshaus für Münzen, Medaillen und Orden verbessert sich unser Dienstleistungsspektrum für Sie als unsere Kunden weiterhin stetig. Einen kleinen Überblick über unsere Angebote finden Sie hier. As Europe’s leading auction company for coins, medals and decorations our range of services for our customers has been steadily improving and expanding. Following is a short overview of our offers. AUKTIONEN/AUCTIONS Besuchen Sie unsere international bedeutenden Auktionen, die Ihnen viermal jährlich zahlreiche Raritäten bieten. Profitieren Sie als Bieter oder Einlieferer von unserer Erfahrung und Kompetenz. Visit our internationally recognized auctions which take place four times a year and offer many rarities. Benefit from our experience and competence while being a bidder or consigner. GOLDHANDEL/GOLD COIN TRADING Wir bieten Ihnen ein ständiges Angebot sowie den Ankauf von Anlagemünzen aus Deutschland, Europa und aller Welt zu fairen tagesaktuellen Preisen. We are constantly offering as well as purchasing a vast range of German, European and World bullion coins. We buy and sell gold assets at a fair, daily updated market price. ONLINE-SHOP Wir bieten Ihnen in unserem Online-Shop auf www.kuenker.de ein täglich aktualisiertes Münzangebot von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit. Kaufen Sie hier unkompliziert zum Festpreis und ohne Risiko. We offer you an exclusive daily updated selection of coins from ancient to modern times. You can order at www.kuenker.com without hassle or risk. eLIVE AUCTION Mit unserer eLive Auction können Sie über das Internet an regelmäßigen Auktionen mit einem virtuellen Auktionator teilnehmen. Sie können Vorgebote bequem online abgeben und abschließend die Auktion live am Bildschirm für sich entscheiden. With our eLive Auction, we offer you an opportunity to participate in regular auctions live over the Internet. You can submit preliminary bids online, and up to the last moment of the sale you can win auctions live on your computer screen. ORDEN UND EHRENZEICHEN/ORDERS AND DECORATIONS Einmal im Jahr findet unsere besondere Ordensauktion statt, die sich ganz den dekorativen Ehrenzeichen widmet. Profitieren Sie als Bieter oder Einlieferer von unserer Erfahrung und Kompetenz im Bereich Phaleristik. Once a year there is a special auction dedicated to orders and decorations. Benefit from our experience in the field of phaleristik becoming our bidder or consigner.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Ihr schneller Einstieg in die Künker eLive Auction

DEUTSCH

Mit der eLive Auction bieten wir Ihnen die Möglichkeit, direkt und unkompliziert über das Internet an regelmäßigen Auktionen live teilzunehmen. Bequem von zu Hause oder unterwegs können Sie Vorgebote abgeben und abschließend – ganz wie in einer echten SaalAuktion im Bieterwettstreit mit anderen – den Ausgang der Auktionen für sich entscheiden.

Was benötige ich, um teilzunehmen? Um an der eLive Auction teilzunehmen, benötigen Sie eine Internetverbindung sowie einen aktiven myKünker-Account, um sich anzumelden. Falls Sie noch keinen Account besitzen, können Sie sich auf unserer Website registrieren oder Sie wenden sich direkt per E-Mail an unsere Kundenbetreuung. Wir helfen Ihnen gerne weiter.

Wie verläuft eine Künker eLive Auction? Ganz wie in einer Saal-Auktion werden Sie auch hier auf viel Vertrautes treffen. Zunächst werden alle Stücke der Auktion auf der Internetseite www.eLive-Auction.de präsentiert und können im Detail besichtigt werden. Während dieses Zeitraums bis zum Ausruf des jeweiligen Stücks können Sie in der gewünschten Höhe Vorgebote abgeben, die bei der Versteigerung für Sie berücksichtigt werden. Nach der Besichtigungs- und Vorgebotsphase wird jedes Stück einzeln und nacheinander entsprechend seiner Losnummer ausgerufen und versteigert. Jetzt haben Sie die Möglichkeit, im virtuellen Auktionssaal live im Wettstreit mit anderen um jedes Stück zu bieten. Nach dem Ausruf können Sie schrittweise Ihre Gebote erhöhen und den Zuschlag für sich entscheiden, indem Sie auf den zentralen Button »Jetzt bieten« klicken.

Weitere Informationen und eine ausführliche Beschreibung aller Funktionen der eLive Auction finden Sie unter www.eLive-Auction.de/hilfe

Wie kann ich schriftlich bieten? Bei dieser speziellen eLive Auction können Sie auch schriftlich bieten – genauso wie Sie es bei unseren Saalauktionen gewohnt sind. Bitte senden Sie uns Ihre Aufträge möglichst frühzeitig zu. Wenn uns Ihr Auftrag erst kurz vor dem Start der eLive Auction erreicht, können wir nicht für eine fristgerechte Bearbeitung garantieren. Das beiliegende Formular erleichtert Ihnen die Abgabe eines schriftlichen Gebots. Gerne nehmen wir Ihre Gebote per Post, Fax oder E-Mail entgegen. Wenn Sie noch nicht bei uns gekauft haben, bitten wir Sie, uns als Referenz eine Münzhandlung anzugeben, mit der bereits eine Geschäftsbeziehung besteht.

Was kostet die Teilnahme an der eLive Auction? Die Teilnahme an der eLive Auction ist kostenlos. Sie benötigen lediglich einen myKünkerAccount, der für Sie als unseren Kunden ebenfalls kostenlos ist. Wenn Sie in einer Auktion erfolgreich geboten haben, sind bei anfallenden Kosten für Ihre Münze folgende Dinge zu berücksichtigen: Das Aufgeld für diese Gemeinschaftsauktion beträgt 15 %. Von Kunden in Deutschland und in der Europäischen Union wird auf den Gesamtpreis (Zuschlag plus Aufgeld) die zur Zeit gültige, ermäßigte Mehrwertsteuer von 7 % erhoben. Bitte beachten Sie: Die im Katalog angegebenen Preise sind Startpreise, die nicht unterschritten werden können.

Kundenservice: Telefon: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 Gebührenfrei: 0800 58 36 537 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Internet: www.kuenker.de Geschäftszeiten: Montag – Donnerstag 8.30 – 17.00 Uhr Freitag 8.00 – 15.30 Uhr

Die Versandkosten für Bücher werden nach Aufwand ab Osnabrück berechnet. Für sonstige Ware gilt: • Versand innerhalb der BRD: € 5,90 pro Paket, ab € 1.000,– Bestellwert versandkostenfrei • Versand innerhalb der EU (inkl. Schweiz und Norwegen): € 9,90 pro Paket, ab € 2.500,– Bestellwert versandkostenfrei • Versand nach Übersee: € 14,90 pro Paket, ab € 5.000,– Bestellwert versandkostenfrei

Worauf kann ich mich bei Künker verlassen? Wir gewährleisten die Echtheit aller verkauften Objekte auch über die gesetzliche Frist hinaus. Sollte uns ein Fehler bei der Beschreibung oder der Erhaltungsbewertung unterlaufen sein, können Sie auf unsere Kulanz zählen.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

ENGLISH

Your Fast Introduction to the Künker eLive Auction With our eLive Auction we offer you a direct and easy opportunity to participate in regular auctions live over the Internet. From the convenience of your own home or when you are travelling, you can submit preliminary bids, and up to the last moment – as in a real floor auction in bidding competition with others – decide the outcome of the auctions in your favor.

What do I need to participate? In order to participate in the eLive Auction, all you need is an Internet connection along with an active myKünker account to log in. In case you do not yet have access to myKünker, you can register on our web site or get in touch directly with our customer service department. We are delighted to assist you. Please visit our website for further information and a detailed description of every eLive Auction feature: www.eLive-Auction.com/hilfe

How does a Künker eLive Auction work? Just as in a hall auction, you will find many features here that will be familiar to you. Initially all the pieces of the auction are presented for two weeks on the auction site and can be previewed in detail. During this time period, until each item is called up for auction, you can submit preliminary bids in a desired amount to be considered for you at the auction. After the preview and preliminary bid phase, each piece is called up and auctioned individually, in sequential order, according to its lot number. Now you have the opportunity to join others in live bidding for each piece in the virtual auction hall. When the bidding starts, you can have your bids increase incrementally or submit new bids and win the auction by clicking on the central button »Bid now«.

How do I have to do for a written participation in the eLive Auction? In this special eLive Auction you can send us your instructions as usual in a normal auction. Please send us your bids as early as possible. If we receive your instructions only shortly before the eLive auction, we are not able to ensure the processing in due time. The enclosed form should make it simple for you to submit a written bid. You may send your bids by mail, fax or e-mail. If you are a new customer who has not yet purchased from us, we do request references. Please name a coin dealer with whom you have already done business. Customer Service: Phone: +49 (0)541 96 20 20 Fax: +49 (0)541 96 20 222 E-Mail: service@kuenker.de Website: www.kuenker.com Opening Hours: Monday –Thursday 8.30 AM – 5 PM Friday 8 AM – 3.30 PM

What is the cost to attend the eLive Auction? Participation in the eLive Auction is free of charge. All you need is a free myKünker account. If you have bought items in an auction, please remember that your coin is subject to the following costs: For this joint auction the buyer’s premium will be 15 % on hammer price. Buyers in the European Union pay in addition to the total price (hammer price plus buyer’s premium) the reduced VAT of 7 %. Shipping costs of books will be charged according to effort ex Osnabrück. Shipping of other goods will be charged as follows: • Shipping within Germany: € 5.90 per parcel, free shipping for order value above € 1,000.– • Shipping within the EU (incl. Switzerland and Norway): € 9.90 per parcel, free shipping for order value above € 2,500.– • Shipping overseas: € 14.90 per parcel, free shipping for order value above € 5,000.–

A trademark of reliability you can count on at Künker: The genuineness of all objects sold is warranted beyond the statutory length of time. Should we still make a mistake in the catalogue description or concerning a condition, you can always count on our goodwill.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

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TABLE OF CONTENT/INHALT AUKTION eLive 26 Seite

4001

4800

Bibliograhy/Bibliographien

4001

4007

General Numismatics/Allgemeine Numismatik

4008

4012

Periodicals/Zeitschriften

4013

4016

Festchriften

4017

4051

Congresses and Surveys/Kongressberichte

4052

4069

Metrology and Metallurgy/Metallkunde

4070

4079

Ancient Coins/Antike M端nzen General Works/Allgemeine Werke Collections and Exhibitions/ Sammlungen und Ausstellungen Hoards and Excavations/ Funde und Ausgrabungen Iconography, Portraiture, Architecture/ Ikonographie, Architektur Forgeries/F辰lschungen

4080 4080

4138 4090

22 18

4091 4109

4108 4126

19 20

20 21

4127 4136

4135 4138

22 22

4139 4139 4158

4418 4157 4173

23 23 24

45 24 26

4174 4179 4187 4205 4208 4216 4232 4244 4256 4272

4178 4186 4204 4207 4215 4231 4243 4255 4271 4276

4277 4286 4291

4295

4300 4307 4315 4317 4320 4324 4327 4329 4331

4285 4290 4293 4294 4298 4299 4306 4314 4316 4319 4323 4326 4328 4330 4332

Greek Coins/Griechische M端nzen General Works/Allgemeine Werke Collections/Sammlungen Celtic Coins (General Works)/ Keltische M端nzen (Allgemeine Werke) Hispania Gallia Brittania Eastern Celts/Kelten im Osten Italy/Italien Sicily/Sicilia Macedonia (including Hellenistic) Thrace and the Islands/Thracia und Inseln Northern Greece (Thessaly to Corcyra)/Nordgriechenland Central Greece (Acarnania to Corinthia)/ Zentralgriechenand Peloponnesos and Islands/ Peloponnesus und Inseln Cyclades/Kykladen Asia Minor (General Works)/Kleinasien (Allgemeine Werke) Bosporus Pontus, Bithynia Mysia, Troas Ionia and the Islands Caria and the Islands Lydia, Phrygia Lycia Pamphylla Pisidia Cyprus Cappadocia 8

Nr.

IMPORTANT NUMISMATIC LITERATURE NUMISMATISCHE LITERATUR

84 11

12 12

26 27

28 29 30 31 32 33

26 27 28 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 36 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 38

Armenia Syria, Including Seleucids Phoenicia Arabia, Mesopotamia, Elymais Parthia Persia and Sasanid Empire/Persien und Sassaniden Bactria and India Central Asia/Zentralasien Africa Including Ptolemaic/Afrika und Ptolemaier Palestine, Jewish Coins/Palästina und Jüdische Münzen Biblical Coins/Biblische Münzen Ancient Rome and Byzantium/ Antikes Rom und Byzanz Roman Coins: General Works/ Römische Münzen (Allgemeine Werke) Collections/Sammlungen Roman Republican/Römische Rpublik Roman Imperatorial/Imperatoren Roman Imperial: General Works/ Kaiserreich: Allgemeine Werke Roman Imperial: Collections/Kaiserreich: Sammlungen Julio-Claudian/Julius-Claudius The Flavians/Die Flavier Nerva-Antonine Dynasty/Nerva-Antoninische Dynastie Severin Dynasty/Severische Dynastie Soldier Emperors/Soldatenkaiser Diocletian and the Tetrarchy/Diocletian und die Tetrarchie Constantine and Successors/Konstantin und Nachfolger Late Empire/Spätes Kaiserreich Medallions and Contorniates/Medaillons und Kontoniaten Roman Provincial/Provinzialmünzen Byzantine: General Works/Byzanz: Allgemeine Werke Byzantine: Collections/Byzanz: Sammlungen Byzantine: Emperors/Byzantinische Kaiser Medieval and Modern Coins and Medals/ Mitelalter und Neuzeit Medieval Coins/Mittelalterliche Münzen Modern Coins/Moderne Münzen Medals: General Works/Medaillen (Allgemeine Werke) Medals: Renaissance/Renaissance Medals: Thematic/Thematische Medaille Medalists/Medailleure Weights, Seals and Tesserae/Gewichte, Siegel, Tesserae Numismatic Auction and Sale Catalogues/ Auktionskataloge

4334 4343 4347 4351 4354 4364

4373 4385 4414

4333 4342 4346 4350 4353 4363 4371 4372 4384 4413 4418

4419

4555

4419 4426 4430 4436

4425 4429 4435 4439

4440

4448

4458 4464 4466 4478 4490 4503 4506 4511 4539 4550 4554

4446 4447 4456 4457 4463 4465 4477 4489 4502 4505 4510 4538 4549 4553 4555

4556 4556 4585

4588

4592 4602

38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 45 45 56 46 46 47 47

49 50 51

53 55

57 57

4601 4584 4586 4587 4589 4590 4591 4601

60 59 59 59 59 59 59 60

4800

Index/Stichwortverzeichnis References/Bibliograhie

48 48 49 49 49 49 50 51 52 52 53 55 56 56 56

#NN QDLGEVU KP VJKU ECVCNQIWG CTG UWDLGEV VQ C FKHHGTGPVKCN VCZ #NNG .QUG FKGUGT #WMVKQP WPVGTNKGIGP FGT &KHHGTGP\DGUVGWGTWPI 9

Die Bibliothek Herbert Kreindler Teil I

Informationen und Katalog: Telefon +49 (0)541 96 20 20 www.kuenker.de www.numislit.com Der erste Teil der numismatischen Bibliothek Herbert Kreindler wird am 11. Januar 2014 während der »New York International Numismatic Convention« versteigert. Ihre Gebote nehmen wir – auch kurzfristig – gerne entgegen! Selbstverständlich werden wir in New York vor Ort sein und Sie dort persönlich vertreten. The first part of the Herbert Kreindler library will be auctioned on January 11, 2014 during the »New York International Numismatic Convention«. We will accept gladly your bids, even at short notice! By being present in New York we will take care of your orders personally.

G. F. K.

Kolbe & Fanning Numismatic Booksellers

www.kuenker.de · service@kuenker.de · Telefon +49 (0)541 96 20 20 · Gebührenfrei 0800 58 36 537

GENERAL NUMISMATICS &KG (QVQU \W FGP -CVCNQIPWOOGTP HKPFGP 5KG WPVGT YYY G.KXG #WEVKQP FG (QT KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH VJG NQVPWODGTU UGG YYY G.KXG #WEVKQP FG

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%NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK ' ' 07/+5/#6+% $+$.+1)4#2*; /ÒPEJGP $CVVGPDGTI 6JKEM OQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP NGCVJGTGVVG DCEMGF NKPGP NGVVGTGF KP DTQYP CPF IKNV ECTFDQCTF UNKRECUG ZZKK RCIGU NKUVKPIU KPFGZGU (KPG =YKVJ? %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 'NXKTC 'NK\C 07/+5/#6+%5 Ň #0 #0 %+'06 5%+'0%' 9CUJKPIVQP & % VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU 8GT[ IQQF =YKVJ? %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 'NXKTC 5'.'%6 07/+5/#6+% $+$.+1)4#2*; 0GY ;QTM XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU 0GCT HKPG 6JG HKTUV YQTM KU D[ HCT VJG OQUV EQORTGJGPUKXG OQFGTP PWOKUOCVKE DKDNKQITCRJ[ 6JG UGEQPF YQTM KU QPG QH VJG DGUV KPVTQFWEVKQPU VQ PWOKUOCVKE NKVGTCVWTG YQTNFYKFG HTQO KVU DGIKPPKPIU KP VJG GCTN[ U VQ VJG OQFGTP GTC

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5RTKPI ,QJP #0%+'06 %1+0 #7%6+10 %#6#.1)7'5 ņ .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU ZN KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG #P CVVTCEVKXG CPF YGNN RTQFWEGF YQTM YKVJ EQPUKFGTCDNG DCEMITQWPF KPHQTOCVKQP KP CFFKVKQP VQ VJG DKDNKQITCRJKE NKUVKPIU

)'0'4#. 07/+5/#6+%5

#FGNUQP *QYCTF . 6*' #/'4+%#0 07/+5/#6+% 51%+'6; ņ 0GY ;QTM #05 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN TGF GODQUUGF ENQVJ IKNV (TQPVKURKGEG Z RCIGU RNCVGU =YKVJ? +PIJQNV *CTCNF =GFKVQT? %'06'00+#. 27$.+%#6+10 1( 6*' #/'4+%#0 07/+5/#6+% 51%+'6; 0GY ;QTM 6JKEM VQ QTKIKPCN GODQUUGF TGF ENQVJ IKNV ZKK RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTC VKQPU HKPG RNCVGU $QVJ HKPG QT PGCTN[ UQ #FGNUQPŉU QWVUVCPFKPI JKUVQT[ QH VJG 5QEKGV[ CPF VJG KORQTVCPV HGUVUEJTKHV XQNWOG RWDNKUJGF VQ EQOOGOQTCVG VJG EGPVGPPKCN QH VJG #05 6JG NCVVGT XQNWOG KPENWFGU OQPQITCRJU QP #OGTKECP EQNQPKCN EQKPU OGFKGXCN EQKPCIGU CPF GURGEKCNN[ CPEKGPV PWOKUOCVKEU

PERIODICALS

#UKPU %CTOGP #NHCTQ 6'51415 &'. )#$+0'6' 07/+5/ 6+%1 .#5 /',14'5 2+'<#5 &'. /10'6#4+1 &'. /75'1 #437'.¡)+%1 0#%+10#. /CFTKF /WUGQ #TSWGNÉIKEQ 0CEKQPCN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF KP HWNN EQNQT KPENWFKPI EQKPU OGFCNU PWOKUOCVKE OCPWUETKRVU GVE (KPG =YKVJ? $CDGNQP ,GCP .'5 /10 0#+'5 4#%106'06 .ŉ*+561+4' 2CTKU (C[CTF OQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG 6JG HKTUV XQNWOG KU C JCPFUQOG RWDNKECVKQP 6JG UGEQPF KU C WUGHWN KPVTQFWEVQT[ YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

2TKEG /CTVKP ,GUUQR =GFKVQT? %1+05 #0 +..7564#6'& 5748'; $% 61 6*' 24'5'06 &#; 0GY ;QTM (QNKQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RTQHWUGN[ KNNWUVTCVGF QHVGP KP EQNQT (KPG =YKVJ? %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 'NXKTC CPF 8NCFKOKT 6*' $'#76; #0& .14' 1( %1+05 %744'0%; #0& /'&#.5 %TQVQP QP *WFUQP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT RCIGU JGCXKN[ KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 6JG HKTUV XQNWOG KU C PQVCDNG EQNNGEVKQP QH OQPQITCRJU EQXGTKPI VJG GPVKTG TCPIG QH PWOKUOCVKEU RGPPGF D[ )TGCV $TKVCKPŉU HQTGOQUV PWOKUOCVKE URGEKCNKUVU

4CYNKPIU ) $ #0%+'06 /'&+'8#. /1&'40 %1+05 #0& *19 61 -019 6*'/ %JKECIQ TGRTKPV XQ QTKIKPCN ETKOUQP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZKZ RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG =YKVJ? #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE #UUQEKCVKQP 5'.'%6+105 (41/ 6*' 07/+5/#6+56 #0%+'06 #0& /'&+'8#. %1+05 4CEKPG XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? 9GNVGT )GTJCTF %.'#0+0) #0& 24'5'48#6+10 1( %1+05 #0& /'&#.5 0GY ;QTM (KHVJ GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV ZK RCIGU 0GCT HKPG 9KVJ RJQVQEQR[ QH * $NQGUEJŉU Ō%NGCPKPI #PEKGPV %QKPU Ō 5VKNN WUGHWN

4GPV\OCPP 9KNJGNO 07/+5/#6+5%*'5 .')'0&'0 .':+%10 &'5 /+66'.#.6'45 70& &'4 0'7<'+6 '456'4 70& <9'+6'4 6*'+. $GTNKP ņ (KTUV GFKVKQP 6JTGG RCTVU KP QPG XQNWOG XQ OQFGTP DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV XKKK XK RCIGU (KPG 5VKNN KPFKURGPUCDNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

2'4+1&+%#.5

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5QEKGV¯ 0WOKUOCVKEC +VCNKCPC 4+8+56# +6#.+#0# &+ 07/+5/#6+%# ' 5%+'0<' #((+0+ 8QNU :. :.+ņ:.++ ņ :.+++ +++ VTKOGUVTG :.+++ +8 VTKOGUVTG :.+8

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FESTSCHRIFTEN

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=%CTUQP CPF ,GPMKPU? 2TKEG /CTVKP #PFTGY $WTPGVV CPF 4QIGT $NCPF =GFKVQTU? '55#;5 +0 *10 174 1( 41$'46 %#4510 #0& -'00'6* ,'0-+05 .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN FCTM ITC[ ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV (TQPVKURKGEG RQTVTCKVU RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU OCRU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV HGUVUEJTKHV QH GUUC[U QP CPEKGPV )TGGM CPF 4QOCP EQKPU KPENWFKPI FKG UVWFKGU PGY HKPFU CWVJQTKVC VKXG UWTXG[U GVE &CGJP

=%QNDGTV FG $GCWNKGW? $GOQPV %QNGVVG GV CN =GFKVQTU? / .#0)'5 1(('465 #7 &1%6'74 , $ %1.$'46 &' $'#7.+'7 'FKVKQPU .G .GÉRCTF Fŉ1T 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV ZZZ RCIGU PWOGTQWU KNNWUVTCVKQPU (KPG +PHTGSWGPVN[ QHHGTGF

=(TCPMG? .GUEJJQTP 9QNHICPI GV CN =GFKVQTU? *'..#5 70& &'4 )4+'%*+5%*' 156'0 567&+'0 <74 )'5%*+%*6' 70& 07/+5/#6+- &'4 )4+'%*+5%*'0 9'.6 ('56 5%*4+(6 (ª4 2'6'4 41$'46 (4#0-' <7/ 5CCTDTÒEMGP XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU HTQPVKURKGEG RQTVTCKV RNCVGU (KPG &CGJP

=)ÌDN? .+66'4#' 07/+5/#6+%#' 8+0&1$10'05'5 41$'461 )1'$. &'&+%#6#' 9KGP XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HTQPVKURKGEG RQTVTCKV VGZV HKIWTGU HQNF KPI VCDNG OCRU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 5ECTEG

=)TKGTUQP? $TQQMG % 0 . GV CN =GFKVQTU? 567&+'5 +0 07/+5/#6+% /'6*1& 24'5'06'& 61 2*+.+2 )4+'4510 %CODTKFIG XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZZZ RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG # XQNWOG QH WUGHWN GUUC[U RTGUGPVGF CU C VTKDWVG VQ )TKGTUQP

=*GTUJ? $WTPGVV #PFTGY 7VG 9CTVGPDGTI CPF 4KEJCTF 9KVUEJQPMG =GFKVQTU? %1+05 1( /#%'&1 0+# #0& 41/' '55#;5 +0 *10174 1( %*#4.'5 *'45* .QPFQP 5RKPM VQ QTKIKPCN TWUUGV ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZKK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV HGUVUEJTKHV

=+OJQQH $NWOGT? 'PIGNK #FQNH (4+'&4+%* +/*11( $.7/'4 ņ 9KPVGTVJWT XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU (KPG HTQPVKURKGEG RQTVTCKV RCIGU (KPG /QTG C DKQITCRJ[ VJCP C HGUVUEJTKHV 3WKVG KPVGTGUVKPI CPF TCVJGT TCTG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

FESTSCHRIFTEN

=,WEMGT? 5VWEM[ 4QNH # CPF +PGU ,WEMGT =GFKVQTU? '+-10'5 567&+'0 <7/ )4+'%*+5%*'0 70& 4¤/+5%*'0 $+.&0+5 *#05 ,7%-'4 <7/ 5'%*<+)56'0 )'$74656#) )'9+& /'6 $GTP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU KPENWFKPI C PWODGT FGRKEV KPI CPEKGPV EQKPU (KPG +PENWFGU PWOKUOCVKE CTVKENGU D[ #PFTGCU #NHÌNFK CPF 'NKUCDGVJ #NHÌNFK 4QUGPDCWO

=-TCC[ /ÎTMJQNO? .G 4KFGT )GQTIGU GV CN =GFKVQTU? -4##; /Î4-*1./ '55#;5 07/+5 /#6+% 567&+'5 +0 /'/14; 1( % / -4##; #0& 1 /Î4-*1./ .QWXCKP NC 0GWXG VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV ZZKKK RCIGU RQTVTCKV RNCVGU RNCVGU (KPG 1H RCTVKEWNCT KORQTVCPEG VQ VJQUG KPVGTGUVGF KP CTEJCKE CPF ENCUUKECN )TGGM EQKPU &CGJP 'Z 2 4 (TCPMG

=-TQNN? #NHGP 2GVGT ) XCP =GFKVQT? #)14#01/+# 567&+'5 +0 /10'; #0& ':%*#0)' 24'5'06'& 61 ,1*0 * -41.. 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DNCEM ENQVJ LCEMGV ZKK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV TGEGPV HGUVUEJTKHV

=.G 4KFGT? #OCPFT[ /KEJGN 5KNXKC *WTVGT CPF &GP[UG $¾TGPF =GFKVQTU? 64#8#7: &' 07/+5/#6+37' )4'%37' 1(('465 )'14)'5 .' 4+&'4 .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN ETKOUQP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV HGUVUEJTKHV

=/CVVKPIN[? %CTUQP 4 # ) CPF % * 8 5WVJGTNCPF =GFKVQTU? '55#;5 +0 41/#0 %1+0#)' 24'5'06'& 61 *#41.& /#66+0).; 1ZHQTF XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV (TQPVKU RKGEG ZKX RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QVJGT KNNWUVTCVKQPU 0GCT HKPG #P KORQTVCPV HGUVUEJTKHV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

=/GUJQTGT? $CTCI &CP =GFKVQT? 567&+'5 +0 /'/14; 1( ;#ŉ#-18 /'5*14'4 ,GTWUCNGO VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV (TQPVKURKGEG RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 6JG JCTFDQWPF XGTUKQP QH 8QNWOG QH VJG +UTCGN 0WOKUOCVKE ,QWTPCN VCMKPI VJG HQTO QH C HGUVUEJTKHV VQ VJG OGOQT[ QH ;CŉCMQX /GUJQTGT +PHTGSWGPVN[ QHHGTGF

=/KNFGPDGTI? *QWIJVQP #TVJWT GV CN =GFKVQTU? ('565%*4+(6 (ª4 .'1 /+.&'0$'4) 07/+5/#6+37' -7056)'5%*+%*6' #4%* 1.1)+' 567&+'5 +0 *1014 1( .'1 /+.&'0$'4) 07/+5/#6+%5 #46 *+5614; #4%*#'1.1); 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV (TQPVKURKGEG ZXKKK RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU (KPG &CGJP

=/KNFGPDGTI? *ÒDPGT 7NTKEJ CPF 'TPUV #ZGN -PCWH =GFKVQTU? 8'56+)+# .'10+5 567&+'0 <74 #06+-'0 07/+5/#6+- +54#'.5 2#. 56+0#5 70& &'4 ¤56.+%*'0 /+66'./''4 9'.6 (TGKDWTI XQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP RTKPVGF ENQVJ %QNQT HTQPVKURKGEG ZZ RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU (KPG # EQNNGEVKQP QH CTVKENGU D[ /KNFGPDGTI RWDNKUJGF KP UGXGTCN NCPIWCIGU 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF

=/KNFGPDGTI? $CTCI &CP =GFKVQT? 567&+'5 +0 /'/14; 1( .'1 /+.&'0$'4) ,GTWUCNGO +UTCGN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG RTKPVGF ENQVJ RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 6JG JCTFDQWPF XGTUKQP QH 8QNWOG QH VJG +UTCGN 0WOKUOCVKE ,QWTPCN VCMKPI VJG HQTO QH C HGUVUEJTKHV VQ VJG OGOQT[ QH .GQ /KNFGPDGTI +PHTGSWGPVN[ QHHGTGF

=/QOOUGP? -CGPGN *CPU /CTMWU XQP GV CN =GFKVQTU? )'.&)'5%*+%*6' 85 07/+5/#6+- 6*'1&14 /1//5'0 70& &+' #06+-' /ª0<' $GTNKP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU (TQPVKURKGEG ZKX RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? =/KNGU? #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ # %1..137+7/ +0 /'/14; 1( )'14)' %#42'06'4 /+.'5 ņ 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 6JG OCKP YQTM EQORTKUGU RCRGTU RTGUGPVGF CV C EQNNQSWKWO KP /QOOUGPŉU JQPQT JGNF KP VJG EGPVGPCT[ [GCT QH JKU FGCVJ =0CUVGT? 5EJGGTU 5KOQPG =GFKVQT? 567&+# 2#7.1 0#56'4 1$.#6# + 07/+5/#6+%# #06+37# .GWXGP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV (TQPVKURKGEG ZZZKKK RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU CPF OCRU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 1TKGPVCNKC .QXCPKGPUKC #PCNGEVC 8QN 'Z 2 4 (TCPMG YKVJ JKU DQQMRNCVG

=1GEQPQOKFGU? 6COGKQ #TEJCKQNQIKMQP 2QTQP MCK #RCNNQVTKQUGQP =RWDNKUJGT? :ΑΡΑΚΤΗΡ ΑΦΙΕΡΩΜΑ ΣΤΗ ΜΑΝΤ1 1ΙΧ1ΝΟΜΙΔΟΥ #VJGPU VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG +PENWFGU CTVKENGU KP C XCTKGV[ QH NCPIWCIGU ;RQWTIGKQ RQNKVKUOQW FGOQUKGWOCVC VQW CTEJCKQNQIKMQW FGNVKQW #T

=2TKEG? #UJVQP 4KEJCTF 5KNXKC *WTVGT )GQTIGU .G 4KFGT CPF 4QIGT $NCPF =GFKVQTU? 567&+'5 +0 )4''- 07/+5/#6+%5 +0 /'/14; 1( /#46+0 ,'5512 24+%' .QPFQP VQ QTKIK PCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZX RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 1H RCTVKEWNCT KORQTVCPEG VQ VJQUG KPVGTGUVGF KP CTEJCKE CPF ENCUUKECN )TGGM EQKPU &CGJP

=4QDKPUQP 5VCPNG[? -TCC[ % / CPF ) - ,GPMKPU =GFKVQTU? '55#;5 +0 )4''- %1+0#)' 24'5'06'& 61 56#0.'; 41$+0510 (KTUV GFKVKQP 1ZHQTF %NCTGPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV (TQPVKURKGEG ZKK RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU CPF VCDNGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV HGUVUEJTKHV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

CONGRESSES AND SURVEYS

=5EJGGTU? *GGUEJ ,QJCP XCP CPF +PIG *GGTGP =GFKVQTU? %1+0#)' +0 6*' +410 #)' '55#;5 +0 *10174 1( 5+/10' 5%*''45 .QPFQP 5RKPM VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV (TQPVKURKGEG ZZKK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG #P KORQTVCPV UGTKGU QH GUUC[U

=5EJÌPGTV )GKUU? 2GVGT 7NTKMG =GFKVQT? 56'2*#015 01/+5/#6+-15 '&+6* 5%*¤0'46 )'+55 <7/ )'$74656#) $GTNKP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU (TQPVKURKGEG ZXKKK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG # OCLQT EQNNGEVKQP KPHTGSWGPVN[ QHHGTGF

=5WVJGTNCPF? %CTUQP 4 # ) CPF %QNKP / -TCC[ =GFKVQTU? 5%4+26# 07//#4+# 41/#0# '55#;5 24'5'06'& 61 *7/2*4'; 576*'4.#0& .QPFQP 6CNN XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV (TQPVKURKGEG ZKKK RCIGU OCRU VCDNGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 'Z (TCPM 5VGKPDGTI +ORQTVCPV

=6JQORUQP? /ÎTMJQNO 1VVQ CPF 0CPE[ / 9CIIQPGT =GFKVQTU? )4''- 07/+5/#6+%5 #0& #4%*#'1.1); '55#;5 +0 *1014 1( /#4)#4'6 6*1/2510 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV (TQPVKURKGEG ZKZ RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV HGUVUEJTKHV &CGJP

=6JQOUGP? &COUICCTF /CFUGP #MUGN 'TKM %JTKUVKCPUGP CPF 'TKM *CNNCIGT =GFKVQTU? 567&+'5 +0 #0%+'06 *+5614; #0& 07/+5/#6+%5 24'5'06'& 61 47&+ 6*1/5'0 #CTJWU 6CNN XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG +PHTGSWGPVN[ QHHGTGF

=6TGNN? %CUUQP .KQPGN CPF /CTVKP 2TKEG =GFKVQTU? %1+05 %7.674' #0& *+5614; +0 6*' #0%+'06 914.& 07/+5/#6+% #0& 16*'4 567&+'5 +0 *1014 1( $.7/# . 64'.. &GVTQKV XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 6YQ JCPFYTKVVGP NGVVGTU HTQO 6TGNN VQ 2 4 (TCPMG NCKF KP 0GCT HKPG #P KPHTGSWGPVN[ GPEQWPVGTGF HGUVUEJTKHV 'Z 2 4 (TCPMG YKVJ JKU DQQMRNCVG

=9CIIQPGT? /GVECNH 9KNNKCO ' =GFKVQT? /0'/#6# 2#2'45 +0 /'/14; 1( 0#0%; / 9#))10'4 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV Z RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG # RQUVJWOQWU HGUVUEJTKHV JQPQTKPI 9CIIQPGT

=9GUVGTOCTM? 0KNUUQP *CTCNF =GFKVQT? (.14+.')+7/ 07/+5/#6+%7/ 567&+# +0 *10 14'/ 7 9'56'4/#4- '&+6# 5VQEMJQNO 5XGPUMC 0WOKUOCVKUMC (ÌTGPKPIGP XQ QTKIKPCN FGGR RKPM ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV (TQPVKURKGEG RQTVTCKV RCIGU PWOGTQWU VGZV KNNWUVTC VKQPU 5RKPG UWPPGF GNUG HKPG 1XGT HQTV[ OQPQITCRJU OCP[ QP CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU PGCTN[ JCNH YTKVVGP KP 'PINKUJ 6JKU HGUVUEJTKHV KU QH RCTVKEWNCT KORQTVCPEG VQ VJQUG KPVGTGUVGF KP CTEJCKE CPF ENCUUKECN )TGGM EQKPU &CGJP

%10)4'55'5 #0& 5748';5

$CJTHGNFV /CZ =GFKVQT? &'765%*'4 /ª0<(145%*'46#) <7 *#..' 5##.' 810 5'26'/$'4 $+5 1-61$'4 ('56)#$' &'0 6'+.0'*/'40 #0 &'4 6#)70) )'9+&/'6 810 &'4 07/+5/#6+5%*'0 )'5'..5%*#(6 <7 *#..' 5##.' *CNNG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 4CTG

)GFCK + CPF - $KTÉ 5G[ =GFKVQTU? 241%''&+0)5 1( 6*' +06'40#6+10#. 07/+5/#6+% 5;/215+7/ $WFCRGUV XQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ NKPGP LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG )GQTIGU .G 4KFGTŉU EQR[ # EQNNGEVKQP QH PGCTN[ GUUC[U QP CPEKGPV CPF OGFKGXCN PWOKUOCVKEU

+PUVKVWEKQP (GTPCPFQ GN %CVQNKEQ #%6#5 &'. + %10)4'51 0#%+10#. &' 07/+5/#6+%# <#4#)1<# ņ &+%+'/$4' &' <CTCIQ\C VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU

RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF %QXGTU C DKV YQTP UVKNN PGCT HKPG 5GRCTCVC FG NC TKXKUVC Ō0WOKUOCŌ PÐOGTQU ņ 8GT[ UECTEG

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP %10)4 5 +06'40#6+10#. &' 07/+5/#6+37' 2#4+5 ņ ,7+..'6 61/' 24'/+'4 4#221465 61/' &'7:+ /' #%6'5 2CTKU ņ 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZZK KZ RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF #EVGU XQNWOG URNKV KP VYQ EQXGTU UVCKPGF )QQF VQ XGT[ IQQF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP

CONGRESSES AND SURVEYS

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP %10)4'551 +06'40#<+10#.' &+ 07/+5/#6+%# 41/# ņ 5'66'/$4' 81. + 4'.#<+10' 81. ++ #66+ 4QOC +UVKVWVQ +VCNKCPQ FK 0WOKUOCVKEC 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZZZKK RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU NCTIG HQNFKPI VCDNG RNCVGU (KPG .GUU HTGSWGPVN[ GPEQWPVGTGF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP # 5748'; 1( 07/+5/#6+% 4'5'#4%* ņ %QRGPJCIGP 6JTGG XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? +PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP # 5748'; 1( 07/+5/#6+% 4'5'#4%* ņ 6JTGG XQNWOGU 0GY ;QTM XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU XK XKKK XKKK RCIGU (KPG +ORQTVCPV QXGTXKGYU IGPGTCNN[ WPFGT WVKNK\GF CPF WPFGT CRRTGEKCVGF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK CPF )TKGTUQP

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP #%6'5 &7 /' %10)4 5 +06'40#6+10#.' &' 07/+5/#6+37' 241%''&+0)5 1( 6*' 6* +06'40#6+10#. %10)4'55 1( 07/+5/#6+%5 0'9 ;14-ņ9#5*+0)610 5'26'/$'4 6':6' 2.#0%*'5 2CTKU CPF $³NG 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI YJKVG NKPGP NGVVGTGF KP DNCEM ZKX

RCIGU OCRU VCDNGU RNCVGU %QXGTU C DKV FKUEQNQTGF PGCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP #%6'5 &7 /' %10)4 5 +06'40#6+10#. &' 07/+5/#6+37' 241%''&+0)5 1( 6*' 6* +06'40#6+10#. %10)4'55 1( 07/+5/#6+%5 .QWXCKP NC 0GWXG 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI QNKXG ENQVJ IKNV ZZZ RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG # RCTVKEWNCTN[ GZVGPUKXG %QPITGUU XQNWOG 6JG GPVKTG HKTUV XQNWOG KU QP CPEKGPV PWOKUOCVKEU

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP 241%''&+0)5 1( 6*' 6* +06'40#6+10#. %10 )4'55 1( 07/+5/#6+%5 #%6'5 &7 /' %10)4 5 +06'40#6+10#. &' 07/+5/# 6+37' .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV ZXK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 4CTGN[ GPEQWPVGTGF

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP # 5748'; 1( 07/+5/#6+% 4'5'#4%* ņ .QPFQP ņ 6JTGG XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI TGF ECTF EQXGTU KZ ņ RCIGU 0GCT HKPG 6JG VJKTF XQNWOG WUWCNN[ PQV RTGUGPV EQORTKUGU CP KPFGZ UWDUGSWGPVN[ EQORKNGF D[ VJG 2TQXKPEKCN /WPV GP 2GPPKPMMCDKPGV QH 6QPIGTGP $GNIKWO

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP # 5748'; 1( 07/+5/#6+% 4'5'#4%* ņ $TWUUGNU 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI ECTF EQXGTU Z ņ RCIGU (KPG =YKVJ? +PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP # 5748'; 1( 07/+5/#6+% 4'5'#4%* ņ $GTNKP XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU ZK RCIGU (KPG =YKVJ? +PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP # 5748'; 1( 07/+5/#6+% 4'5'#4%* ņ /CFTKF 6JKEM XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU ZKX RCIGU (KPG +ORQTVCPV QXGTXKGYU QH PWOKUOCVKE TGUGCTEJ

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP #%6'5 &7 :+' %10)4 5 +06'40#6+10#. &' 07/+5/#6+37' 81.7/'5 +ņ+8 .QWXCKP NC 0GWXG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU

XKKK XKKK XKKK KX RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 9KVJ UGRCTCVG XQNWOGU QH TGUWOGU RTQITCOOG CPF CFFGPFWO 0GCT HKPG )GQTIGU .G 4KFGTŉU UGV

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP :++ +06'40#6+10#.'4 07/+5/#6+5%*'4 -10 )4'55 $'4.+0 #-6'0 ņ 241%''&+0)5 ņ #%6'5 $GTNKP 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI ITC[ ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP YJKVG RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV (KPG 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QPITGUU #NHCTQ %CTOGP GV CN =GFKVQTU? :+++ %10)4'51 +06'40#% +10#. &' 07/+5/ 6+%# /#&4+&ņ #%6#5ņ241%''&+0)5ņ#%6'5 /CFTKF 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI RTKPVGF DQCTFU LCEMGVU UKNM OCTMGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV (KPG +PENWFGU QXGT RCRGTU &CGJP

+PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QPITGUU *QNOGU 0KEJQNCU =GFKVQT? 241%''&+0)5 1( 6*' :+86* +06'40#6+10#. 07/+5/#6+% %10)4'55 ).#5)19 )NCUIQY 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU LCEMGVU UKNM OCTMGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV (KPG 6JG NCVGUV KPUVCNNOGPV QH VJKU PQVCDNG UGTKGU YKVJ QXGT RCRGTU KPENWFGF

METROLOGY AND METALLURGY

-KPFNGT # =GFKVQT? +06'40#6+10#. 07/+5/#6+% %108'06+10 ,'475#.'/ &'%'/$'4 6*' 2#66'405 1( /10'6#4; &'8'.12/'06 +0 2*1'0+%+# #0& 2#.'56+0' +0 #06+37+6; 241%''&+0)5 ,GTWUCNGO XQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP SWCTVGT ENQVJ IKNV (TQPVKURKGEG ZXK RCIGU HQNFKPI VCDNG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG #P KORQTVCPV UGTKGU QH NGEVWTGU QP CPEKGPV ,GYKUJ EQKPU D[ -CFOCP 5WVJGTNCPF 0CUVGT ,GPMKPU /KNFGPDGTI #F GNUQP CPF QVJGT VQR PWOKUOCVKE UEJQNCTU &CGJP

4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 64#05#%6+105 1( 6*' +06'40#6+10#. 07/+5/#6+% %10 )4'55 14)#0+<'& #0& *'.& +0 .10&10 $; 6*' 41;#. 07/+5/#6+% 51%+'6; ,70' Å&#x2020;,7.; 10 6*' 1%%#5+10 1( +65 %'06'0#4; , #NNCP * /CVVKPIN[ CPF ' 5 ) 4QDKPUQP GFU .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV KZ RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU HKPG RNCVGU RNWU JCNHVQPGU 'Z NKDTCT[ YKVJ URKPG NCDGN CPF VKVNG RCIG OCTMKPIU DWV NKVVNG GNUG 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP

5QEKGVÂ¯ 0WOKUOCVKEC +VCNKCPC 1/#))+1 #. %10)4'551 +06'40#<+10#.' &+ 5%+'0<' 5614+%*' +0 41/# 51661 .Å&#x2030;#7)7561 2#641%+0+1 &+ 5 / +. 4' &Å&#x2030;+6#.+# &+' %+1661 /'/14+' 07/+5/#6+%*' /KNCPQ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU VKPVGF RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5RKPG RGTKUJGF YKVJ UQOG UKIPCVWTGU NQQUG NCEMKPI TGCT YTCR DWV QVJGTYKUG EQORNGVG 5QOG EJKRRKPI )QQF VQ XGT[ IQQF 4CTG

/'641.1); #0& /'6#..74);

%CNG[ 'CTNG 4CFENKHHG 6*' %1/215+6+10 1( #0%+'06 )4''- $410<' %1+05 2JKNCFGN RJKC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU XKKK RCIGU VCDNGU CPF ITCRJU RNCVGU (KPG /GOQKTU QH VJG #OGTKECP 2JKNQUQRJKECN 5QEKGV[ 8QNWOG :+ #P KORQTVCPV UVWF[ 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

%CNG[ 'CTNG 4 6*4'' 914-5 10 /'641.1); #0& /'6#..74); +PENWFGU %CNG[Å&#x2030;U %JGOKECN %QORQUKVKQP QH 2CTVJKCP %QKPU JKU 1TKEJCNEWO CPF 4GNCVGF #PEKGPV #NNQ[U CPF JKU /GVTQNQIKECN 6CDNGU #NN XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU )GPGTCNN[ HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0QU CPF

%CORDGNN 9KNNKCO )4''- #0& 41/#0 2.#6'& %1+05 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIK PCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

%CTECUUQPPG %JCTNQVVG CPF 6QP[ *CEMGPU =GFKVQTU? 56#6+56+%5 #0& 07/+5/#6+%5 56#6+5 6+37' '6 07/+5/#6+37' 5VTCUDQWTI 2#%6 %TQYP VQ NCVGT OCTQQP JCNH NGCVJGTGVVG YKVJ OCTDNGF DQCTFU IKNV QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP ZXKKK RCIGU VCDNGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU (KPG )GQTIGU .G 4KFGTÅ&#x2030;U EQR[ YKVJ JKU DQQMRNCVG

&GRG[TQV )GQTIGU 6QP[ *CEMGPU CPF )JKUNCKPG /QWEJCTVG =GFKVQTU? 4;6*/'5 &' .# 241&7% 6+10 /10Â&#x2014;6#+4' &' .Å&#x2030;#06+37+6Â&#x2014; Â&#x2C6; 015 ,1745 .QWXCKP NC 0GWXG 6JKEM XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZXK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKEC .QXCPKGPUKC #EVGU FW EQNNQSWG KPVGTPCVKQPCN QTICPKUÂ¾ Â¯ 2CTKU FW CW LCPXKGT

*CNN ' 6 CPF & / /GVECNH =GFKVQTU? /'6*1&5 1( %*'/+%#. #0& /'6#..74)+%#. +08'56+)#6+10 1( #0%+'06 %1+0#)' .QPFQP 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV XKKK RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU EJCTVU CPF VCDNGU RNCVGU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP

*WNVUEJ (TKGFTKEJ )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4Â¤/+5%*' /'641.1)+' $GTNKP <YGKVG DGCTDGKVWPI XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ ENQVJ DCEMGF OQVVNGF DQCTFU IKNV ZKX RCIGU 0GCT HKPG 6JG TCTG QTKIKPCN GFKVKQP QH VJKU ENCUUKE YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

*WNVUEJ (TKGFTKEJ &+' )'9+%*6' &'5 #.6'467/5 0#%* +*4'/ <75#//'0*#0)' &#4)'56'..6 .GKR\KI $GK $ ) 6GWDPGT VQ RNCKP YTCRU ZKKK RCIGU VGZV VCDNGU (TQPV YTCRRGT NQQUG 8GT[ IQQF QT UQ 'Z 8NCFKOKT %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 8GT[ UECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

0CUVGT 2CWN 5%4+26# 07//#4+# %1064+$76+105 Â&#x2C6; .# /Â&#x2014;6*1&1.1)+' 07/+5/# 6+37' .QWXCKP NC 0GWXG XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZXKK RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU OQUVN[ YKVJ FGUETKRVKXG VGZV ,CEMGV C DKV FWUV[ GNUG HKPG 0WOKUOCVKEC .QXCPKGPUKC

9GUV .QWKU % )1.& #0& 5+.8'4 %1+0 56#0&#4&5 +0 6*' 41/#0 '/2+4' 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ NKIJV DTQYP ENQVJ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q

ANCIENT COINS

#0%+'06 %1+05 )GPGTCN 9QTMU

#NHÌNFK /CTKC 4 #06+-' 07/+5/#6+- 6'+. + 6*'14+' 70& 24#:+5 6'+. ++ $+$.+1)4#2*+' /CKP\ CO 4JGKP 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU ZNX ZZKZ ņ RCIGU OCRU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU RNCVGU QH EQKP GPNCTIGOGPVU (KPG #P QWVUVCPFKPI QXGTXKGY CPF DKDNKQITCRJ[ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP C

#UJVQP 4KEJCTF =GFKVQT? 567&+'5 +0 #0%+'06 %1+0#)' (41/ 674-'; .QPFQP 405 VQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV XKK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP

$CNOWVJ /KTKCO 5 =GFKVQT? *#%-5+.$'4 61 %1+0#)' 0'9 +05+)*65 +061 6*' /10' 6#4; *+5614; 1( 6*' 0'#4 '#56 #0& )4''%' 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV ņ RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0Q &CGJP

%QJGP 'FYCTF ' &#6'& %1+05 1( #06+37+6; .CPECUVGT %0) VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 5KIPGF D[ VJG CWVJQT (KPG Ō# EQORTGJGPUKXG ECVCNQIWG QH VJG EQKPU CPF JQY VJGKT PWODGTU ECOG CDQWV Ō &CGJP Ō# UWDUVCPVKCNN[ EQORNGVG ECVCNQIWG QH FCVGF EQKPU UVTWEM DGHQTG VJG DKTVJ QH ,GUWU %JTKUV Ō

=%QORCTGVVG 6 .QWKU GV CN ? #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ #/'4+%#0 ,1740#. 1( 07/+5/#6+%5 8QN .++ 0GY ;QTM #05 RCIGU RNCVGU $QWPF YKVJ OWEJ QH 8QN :.8+ QH VJG UCOG RWDNKECVKQP VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DNWG ENQVJ IKNV TGCFKPI 8#4+# ' 6 0'9'.. 8GT[ IQQF 6JG OCKP XQNWOG KPENWFGU %QORCTGVVGŉU #GU 5KIPCVWO 0GYGNNŉU 6CTUQU WPFGT #NGZCPFGT CPF 0GYGNNŉU 6JG #NGZCP FTKPG %QKPCIG QH 5KPQRG

)ÌDN 4QDGTV #06+-' 07/+5/#6+- /ÒPEJGP $CVVGPDGTI 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGVU JQWUGF KP QTKIKPCN ECTFDQCTF UNKRECUG RCIGU FQWDNG RCIG EQNQT OCR VCDNGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 4CTGN[ CXCKNCDNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

+OJQQHņ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ŉU RGTKQFK ECN 0WOKUOCVKEC 5QVVQXQEG. (KTUV YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5GEQPF VKVNG &CGJP 6JKTF VKVNG &CGJP

-TCHV -QPTCF )'5#//'.6' #7(5 6<' <74 #06+-'0 )'.&)'5%*+%*6' 70& 07/+5 /#6+- + &CTOUVCFV XQ QTKIKPCN VCP NKPGP NGVVGTGF KP TGF XKKK RCIGU RNCVGU OQUV FGRKEVKPI EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? -TCHV -QPTCF )'5#//'.6' #7(5 6<' <74 #06+-'0 )'5 %*+%*6' 70& /+.+6 4)'5%*+%*6' &CTOUVCFV XQ QTKIKPCN VCP NKPGP NGVVGTGF KP TGF (TQPVKURKGEG RQTVTCKV XKKK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 4CTGN[ GPEQWPVGTGF EQNNGEVKQPU

/GNXKNNG ,QPGU ,QJP 4 6'56+/10+# 07/#4+# )4''- #0& .#6+0 6':65 %10%'40+0) #0%+'06 )4''- %1+0#)' 81.7/' + 6':65 #0& 64#05.#6+105 81.7/' ++ #&&'0&# #0& %1//'06#4; .QPFQP 5RKPM CPF 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV Z XKK ņ RCIGU (KPG $QVJ XQNWOGU QH VJKU KORQTVCPV YQTM &CGJP ņ

2GPPC 8CUUKNKMK %*#.-175 (14 '8'4;&#; &'#.+0)5 6*' 70-0190 914.& 1( $410<' %1+0#)' 5 N 1DNQPI XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF KP EQNQT (KPG #P CVVTCEVKXGN[ RTQFWEGF XQNWOG QP CPEKGPV DTQP\G EQKPCIG

<QITCH # 0 ÀÍÒÈ×ÍÛÅ ÌÎÍÅÒÛ ÌàOåðèàëû è Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî Àðõåîëîãèè ÑÑÑÐ 8QN :8+ /QUEQY VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU 'TTCVC UNKR DQWPF KP 0GCT HKPG # UECTEG CPF UKIPKHKECPV YQTM QP CPEKGPV EQKPU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

ANCIENT COINS

%QNNGEVKQPU CPF 'ZJKDKVKQPU

=#FCPC /WUGWO? %QZ & * # 6#4575 %1+0 %1..'%6+10 +0 6*' #&#0# /75'7/ 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG FQWDNG RCIG RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q &CGJP =#FOKPKUVTCVKQP FGU /QPPCKGU GV /¾FCKNNGU? &GRG[TQV )GQTIGU 2#4+5 #&/+0+564#6+10 &'5 /100#+'5 '6 / &#+..'5 .'5 %1..'%6+105 /10 6#+4'5 + /100#+'5 &7 /10&' #06+37' 2CTKU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 5ECTEG )GQTIGU .G 4KFGTŉU EQR[ KPUETKDGF VQ JKO D[ VJG CWVJQT =#OCU[C /WUGWO? +TGNCPF 5VCPNG[ )4''- 41/#0 #0& $;<#06+0' %1+05 +0 6*' /7 5'7/ #6 #/#5;# #0%+'06 #/#5'+# 674-'; .QPFQP 405 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU ,CEMGV UEWHHGF GNUG HKPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP =#OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE CPF #TEJºQNQIKECN 5QEKGV[? *GCF $CTENC[ 8 # )7+&' 61 6*' )1.& #0& 5+.8'4 %1+05 1( 6*' #0%+'065 ':*+$+6'& +0 '.'%6416;2' $; 6*' #/'4+ %#0 07/+5/#6+% #0& #4%*º1.1)+%#. 51%+'6; (41/ 6*' '0).+5* '&+6+10 0GY ;QTM 7PKXGTUKV[ $WKNFKPI OQ OQFGTP VCP JCNH NGCVJGT CPF OCTDNGF DQCTFU IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP XKK RCIGU JWPFTGFU QH FGVCKNGF FGUETKRVKQPU (KPG 6JG UQOGYJCV UECTEG #OGTKECP GFKVKQP (GCVWTGU C Ō.KUV QH 5WDUETKDGTU 6Q VJG HWPF HQT VJG RWTEJCUG QH VJG EQNNGEVKQP QH GNGEVTQV[RGU QH #PEKGPV %QKPU PQY GZJKDKVGF D[ VJG #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE CPF #TEJºQNQIKECN 5QEKGV[ Ō 5KZV[ GKIJV FQPQTŉU PCOGU HQNNQY COQPI VJGO 9O 2QKNNQP $CPLCOKP $GVVU +UCCE ( 9QQF .[OCP * .QY (TCPM 9 &QWIJV[ 4QDGTV /QTTKU 'F (TQUUCTF CPF , 0 6 .GXKEM =$TKVKUJ /WUGWO? *GCF $CTENC[ 8 # )7+&' 61 6*' 24+0%+2#. )1.& #0& 5+.8'4 %1+05 1( 6*' #0%+'065 (41/ %+4% $ % 61 # & .QPFQP $TKVKUJ /WUGWO (QWTVJ GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV X RCIGU XGT[ HKPG CWVQV[RG RNCVGU (KPG 6JG GZEGNNGPV RNCVGU KP VJKU YQTM CTG UVKNN SWKVG WUGHWN 6JKU GFKVKQP TCTGN[ UGGP &CGJP =FW %JCUVGN? %CNNCVCÕ (TCP¼QKU FG CPF ,QJCP XCP *GGUEJ )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 (41/ 6*' &7 %*#56'. %1..'%6+10 %1+0 %#$+0'6 1( 6*' 41;#. .+$4#4; 1( $'. )+7/ .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZKZ RCIGU NKUVKPIU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG %QPUKFGTGF D[ 'TPGUV $CDGNQP VQ DG VJG HKPGUV EQNNGEVKQP HQTOGF D[ CP KPFKXKFWCN &CGJP Ō6JG )TGGM EQKPU YGTG ECVCNQIWGF D[ FG %CNNCVCÕ +PENWFGU OCP[ IQNF EQKPU PWOGTQWU TCTKVKGU CPF OCP[ EQKPU QH QWVUVCPFKPI CTVKUVKE OGTKV Ō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Ō+P VJG EQNNGEVKQP YCU RWTEJCUGF D[ 4C[OQPF YJQ RWDNKUJGF VJKU DQQM RTKQT VQ VJG EQNNGEVKQPŉU FKURGTUCN Ō 6JG VJKTF KU RCTV QH VJG #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ŉU #PEKGPV %QKPU KP 0QTVJ #OGTKECP %QNNGEVKQPU UGTKGU &CGJP =*CODWTIGT -WPUVJCNNG? 2QUVGN 4CKPGT -#6#.1) &'4 #06+-'0 /ª0<'0 +0 &'4 *#/ $74)'4 -7056*#..' + ++ *CODWTI 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 5ECTEG &CGJP =-ÌPKINKEJG /WUGGP \W $GTNKP? (TKGFNCGPFGT ,WNKWU CPF #NHTGF XQP 5CNNGV &#5 -¤0+).+%*' /ª0<-#$+0'6 )'5%*+%*6' 70& ª$'45+%*6 &'4 5#//.70) 0'$56 '4-. 4'0 &'4 $'5%*4'+$70) &'4 #7( 5%*#76+5%*'0 #75)'.')6'0 #759#*. (KTUV GFKVKQP $GTNKP XQ NCVGT DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU GPITCXGF RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 'Z 'FYCTF 6 0GYGNN YKVJ JKU DQQMRNCVG CPF JKU YKHGŉU NCDGN 6JG HKTUV GFKVKQP QH VJKU KORQTVCPV ECVCNQIWG =-ÌPKINKEJG /WUGGP \W $GTNKP? (TKGFNCGPFGT ,WNKWU CPF #NHTGF XQP 5CNNGV &#5 -¤0+).+%*' /ª0<-#$+0'6 )'5%*+%*6' 70& ª$'45+%*6 &'4 5#//.70) 0'$56 '4-. 4'0 &'4 $'5%*4'+$70) &'4 #7( 5%*#76+5%*'0 #75)'.')6'0 #759#*. <YGKVG XGT OGJTVG #WHNCIG $GTNKP XQ OQFGTP DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU YGNN GPITCXGF RNCVGU (KPG 6JG GZRCPFGF UGEQPF GFKVKQP =-TGFK ;CRÓ? 6GMKP 1gW\ ;#2+ -4'&+ -1.'-5+;107 )4'- 8' 41/# 5+--'.'4+ )4''- 41/#0 %1+05 6*' ;#2+ -4'&+ %1..'%6+10 +UVCPDWN VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP GODQUUGF ENQVJ LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU EQNQT RNCVGU $KNKPIWCN (KPG #P CVVTCEVKXGN[ RTQFWEGF ECVCNQIWG &CGJP

ANCIENT COINS

=-WPUVJKUVQTKUEJGU /WUGWO 9KGP? &GODUMK )ÒPVJGT 010 1.'6 &#5 )'.& &'4 4¤/'4 9KGP -WPUVJKUVQTKUEJGU /WUGWO 5SWCTG VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG #P KORTGUUKXG GZJKDKVKQP ECVCNQIWG

=5CNNWUVQ (GFGTKEQ? 5CNNWUVQ (GFGTKEQ =EWTCVQT? .' /10'6' &+ $410<1 &+ 215'+&10+# 2#'567/ 0'..# %1..'<+10' 5#..7561 0CRQNK XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU XKKK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG +PHTGSWGPVN[ QHHGTGF &CGJP

=5OQNLCP /WUGWO? 2TQMQRQX +NKC ÍÓÌÈÇÌÀÒÈ×ÍÀ ÊÎËÅÊÖÈSS ÍÀ ÑÌÎËSSÍÑÊÈSS ÌÓÇÅÉ V Â. ÏÐ. Í.Å.–8+ $ 07/+5/#6+% %1..'%6+10 1( *+5614+%#. /75'7/ 5/1.,#0 8 % $ % ņ8+ # & 5QHKC VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 8GT[ IQQF $KNKPIWCN

=5VCCVNKEJG /ÒP\UCOONWPI /ÒPEJGP? $GTPJCTV /CZ (ª*4'4 &74%* &+' 56##6.+%*' /ª0<5#//.70) +0 /ª0%*'0 + 6'+. )'5%*+%*6' &'4 5#//.70) #.6'467/ )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 /ÒPEJGP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5NKIJV FKUEQNQTCVKQP VQ EQXGTU 0GCT HKPG 5KIPGF Ō&T 8 %NCKPŌ QP VKVNG 'Z -QNDG 5CNG

=5VCFVDKDNKQVJGM 9KPVGTVJWT? $NQGUEJ * #06+-' -.'+0-7056 +0 9+06'46*74 8#5'0 $410<'0 6'44#-166'0 70& /ª0<'0 #75 ¤(('06.+%*'0 70& 24+8#6'/ $' 5+6< 9KPVGTVJWT XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH CPVKSWKVKGU HKPG RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 3WKVG UECTEG YKVJ IQQF RNCVGU

=9CVMKPU (TGFGTKEM / ? *QNNQYC[ 4 4QUU GV CN 6*' (4'&'4+%- / 9#6-+05 %1..'% 6+10 (QII #TV /WUGWO *CTXCTF 7PKXGTUKV[ XQ NCVGT [GNNQY JCNH ENQVJ YKVJ OCTDNGF DQCTFU IKNV QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG +PENWFGU 9CVMKPUŉU CPVKSWKVKGU CU YGNN CU JKU CPEKGPV EQKPU

=;CNG %QNNGIG? 'FYCTFU ,QPCVJCP %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 +0 6*' 07/+5/#6+% %1..'%6+10 1( ;#.' %1..')' 0GY *CXGP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU XKK ņ RCIGU C HGY YQQFEWVU (TQPV YTCR FGVCEJGF DWV RTGUGPV 8GT[ IQQF 1PG QH VJG HKTUV #OGTKECP ECVCNQIWGU QH C WPKXGTUKV[ EQNNGEVKQP YKVJ KPHQTOCVKQP QP RTQXGPCPEG KPENWFGF KP VJG GPVTKGU &CGJP

*QCTFU CPF 'ZECXCVKQPU

$GNNKPIGT #NHTGF 4 %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' %1+05 (170& #6 %14+06* 9+6* # 016' 10 6*' %.'#0+0) 1( 6*' %1+05 $; %*#4.166' $ $'..+0)'4 0GY *CXGP ;CNG 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU .CTIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ITC[ ECTF EQXGTU ZKK RCIGU HKPG EQNNQV[RG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF 5ECTEG 'Z #05 .KDTCT[ YKVJ VJGKT FGCEEGUUKQP UVCOR &CGJP

$GNNKPIGT #NHTGF 4 691 41/#0 *1#4&5 (41/ &74# '741215 RCIGU RNCVGU =YKVJ? $GNNKPIGT #NHTGF 4 6*' 6*+4& #0& (1746* &74# *1#4&5 RCIGU RNCVGU =YKVJ? 0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 6*' (+(6* &74# *1#4& RCIGU RNCVG =YKVJ? $GNNKPIGT #NHTGF 4 6*' 5+:6* 5'8'06* #0& 6'06* &74# *1#4&5

RCIGU RNCVGU =YKVJ? $GNNKPIGT #NHTGF 4 6*' '+)*6* #0& 0+06* &74# *1#4&5 (TQPVKURKGEG RCIGU HQNFKPI VCDNG RNCVGU 0GY ;QTM #05 (KXG XQNWOGU CNN OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU 8GT[ IQQF VQ HKPG EQRKGU #NN VGP &WTC JQCTFU CU RWDNKUJGF KP 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0QU CPF

$GNNKPIGT #NHTGF 4 641; 6*' %1+05 2TKPEGVQP 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU VQ QTKIKPCN FCTM ITC[ ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZKKK RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU ,CEMGV YQTP UQOG RGPEKN CPPQVCVKQPU PGCT HKPG 6TQ[ 'ZECXCVKQPU %QPFWEVGF D[ VJG 7PKXGTUKV[ QH %KPEKPPCVK ņ 5WRRNGOGPVCT[ /QPQITCRJ 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

$NCPF 4QIGT CPF ,QJP 1TPC 1TPUVGKP %1+0 *1#4&5 (41/ 41/#0 $4+6#+0 81.7/' : .QPFQP $TKVKUJ /WUGWO VQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 2TGUGPVU KPHQTOCVKQP QP EQKP JQCTFU OQUV QH VJGO FKUEQXGTGF UKPEG VJG OKF U

$WVVTG[ 6 8 #PP ,QJPUVQP -GPPGVJ / /CE-GP\KG CPF /KEJCGN . $CVGU )4''- 41/#0 #0& +5.#/+% %1+05 (41/ 5#4&+5 %CODTKFIG VQ QTKIKPCN XKQNGV ENQVJ IKNV ZZKZ

RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG #TEJCGQNQIKECN 'ZRNQTCVKQP QH 5CTFKU /QPQITCRJ

ANCIENT COINS

$WVVTG[ 6JGQFQTG 8 GV CN /14)#06+0# 567&+'5 81.7/' ++ 6*' %1+05 2TKPEGVQP 2TKPEGVQP 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV ZZ RCIGU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU (KPG 4GUWNVU QH VJG 'ZECXCVKQPU %QPFWEVGF CV /QTICPVKPC D[ 2TKPEGVQP 7PKXGTUKV[ VJG 7PKXGTUKV[ QH +NNKPQKU CPF VJG 7PKXGTUKV[ QH 8KTIKPKC

%WTKGN 4CQWN CPF )¾TCTF (WUUOCP .# 64 514 /10 6#+4' &' 370&7< 2CTKU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 8GT[ UECTEG CPF KORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō#P CPCN[UKU QH C JQCTF QH $CEVTKCP EQKPU OQUVN[ VGVTCFTCEJOUő +PENWFGU C HWNN ECVCNQIWG QH VJG EQKPU Ō

*QJNHGNFGT 4QDGTV . -'0%*4'#+ '#56'40 2146 1( %14+06* 4'57.65 1( +08'56+)#6+105 $; 6*' 70+8'45+6; 1( %*+%#)1 #0& +0&+#0# 70+8'45+6; (14 6*' #/'4+%#0 5%*11. 1( %.#55+%#. 567&+'5 #6 #6*'05 +++ 6*' %1+05 .GKFGP VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV Z RCIGU OCR RNCVGU (KPG 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

-PCRR 4QDGTV % CPF ,QJP & /CE +UCCE ':%#8#6+105 #6 0'/'# +++ 6*' %1+05 $GTMG NG[ VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV ZZZ RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG %QXGTU VJG EQKPU HQWPF CV 0GOGC VJTQWIJ &CGJP

.KIJVHQQV % 5 =GFKVQT? 4'%'06 674-+5* %1+0 *1#4&5 #0& 07/+5/#6+% 567&+'5 1ZHQTF VQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU XKK RCIGU OCR PWOGTQWU EQKP KNNWUVTCVKQPU (KPG $TKVKUJ +PUVKVWVG QH #TEJCGQNQI[ CV #PMCTC /QPQITCRJ 1ZDQY /QPQITCRJ

/KTPKM + # %1+0 *1#4&5 +0 ;7)15.#8+# 1ZHQTF VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU

RCIGU OCRU CPF ITCRJU (KPG $#4 +PVGTPCVKQPCN 5GTKGU

/QWEJOQX 0 # .' 64 514 07/+5/#6+37' &' 4 -# &'80+# /#4%+#0121.+5 7PKFGPVKHKGF TGRTKPV QH VJG QTKIKPCN VQ URKTCN DQWPF KP RNCUVKE TGRQTV EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG # TGRTKPV QH VJG TCTGUV QH /QWEJOQXŉU PWOKUOCVKE YQTMU TGEQTFKPI VJG ITGCVGUV JQCTF QH 4QOCP FGPCTKK CPF CPVQ PKPKCPK GXGT FKUEQXGTGF

0QG 5[FPG[ 2 6*' /'0&' -#.+#0&4# *1#4& 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG FQWDNGņRCIG HQNFKPI RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q 5ECTEG CPF KORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

0QG 5[FPG[ 2 # $+$.+1)4#2*; 1( )4''- %1+0 *1#4&5 5'%10& '&+6+10 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU (KPG =YKVJ? 6JQORUQP /CTIC TGV 1VVQ /ÎTMJQNO CPF %QNKP / -TCC[ =GFKVQTU? #0 +08'0614; 1( )4''- %1+0 *1#4&5 0GY ;QTM #05 5OCNN VQ NCVGT TGF ENQVJ IKNV ZXKKK RCIGU HQNFKPI OCRU (KPG (KTUV VKVNG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q #P KORQTVCPV YQTM &CGJP # EQORTGJGPUKXG NKUVKPI QH JQCTFU YJKEJ EQPVCKPGF )TGGM EQKPU Ō 5GEQPF VKVNG QH EQPUKFGTCDNG KORQTVCPEG &CGJP

2TKEG /CTVKP CPF 0CPE[ 9CIIQPGT #4%*#+% )4''- %1+0#)' 6*' #5;76 *1#4& .QP FQP %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU HQNFKPI OCR RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG &CGJP -TQJ HQWT UVCTU

4GINKPI -WTV &'4 &146/70&'4 (70& 4¤/+5%*'4 )1.&/ª0<'0 &QTVOWPF VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF 8GT[ UECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

6JKTKQP /CTEGN .' 64 514 &' .+$'4%*+'5 #74'+ &'5 +'4 '6 ++' 5+ %.'5 $TWZGNNGU XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU ZKK RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU HQNFKPI RNCPU EQNQT RNCVGU CFFKVKQPCN RNCVGU OQUVN[ FGRKEVKPI EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

6JQORUQP /CTICTGV 6*' #)4+0+10 *1#4& 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU X RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP )TKGTUQP Ō(QPFCOGPVCN RQWT NG OQPPC[CIG FG NC .KIWG CEJ¾GPPG CW ++G UK½ENG CX , % Ō -TQJ HKXG UVCTU Ō1PG QH VJG HKPGUV PWOKUOCVKE YQTMU GXGT RWDNKUJGFőVJG CDUQNWVG DGUV TGHGTGPEG HQT VJG EQKPCIG QH VJG #EJCGCP .GCIWG Ō

+EQPQITCRJ[ 2QTVTCKVWTG #TEJKVGEVWTG

$KGDGT /CTICTGV 6*' 21464#+65 1( #.':#0&'4 6*' )4'#6 +P 2TQEGGFKPIU QH VJG #OGTK ECP 2JKNQUQRJKECN 5QEKGV[ 8QNWOG 0WODGT 'PVKTG KUUWG RTGUGPV VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU =$KGDGTŉU CTVKENG EQORTKUGU RCIGU ņ CPF KPENWFGU RNCVGU UQOG FGRKEV KPI EQKPU? (KPG 5ECTEG CPF KORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK Ō'ZEGNNGPV EQORCTCVKXG OCVGTKCN KP UEWNRVWTG ECOGQU GVE Ō &CGJP

ANCIENT COINS

&GNDTÒEM 4KEJCTF #06+-' 21464 65 $QPP VQ QTKIKPCN ENQVJ DCEMGF RNWO DQCTFU NGV VGTGF KP YJKVG RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU HKPG RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI CPEKGPV )TGGM CPF 4QOCP EQKPU CPF OGFCNNKQPU FGRKEVKPI CPEKGPV IGOU 0GCT HKPG 6CDWNCG KP 7UWO 5EJQNCTWO 8+ 5ECTEG CPF KORQTVCPV 6JG EQKPU FGRKEVGF CTG YGNN ECVCNQIWGF (WEJU )ÒPVGT #4%*+6'-674&#456'..70)'0 #7( 4¤/+5%*'0 /ª0<'0 &'4 4'27$.+- 70& &'4 (4ª*'0 -#+5'4<'+6 $GTNKP &GWVUEJGU #TEJ·QNQIKUEJGU +PUVKVWV VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV ZZX RCIGU RNCVGU JQWUGF CU KUUWGF KP HQNFGT CV DCEM QH DQQM (KPG #PVKMG /ÒP\GP WPF IGUEJPKVVGPG 5VGKPG $CPF + 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )KCEQUC )KQTIKQ 71/1 ' %#8#..1 57..# /10'6# )4'%# 0QXCTC VQ QTKIKPCN QNKXG ITGGP ENQVJ RCIGU FQWDNG RCIG OCR CVVTCEVKXG RNCVGU QH GPNCTIGF KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? )KCEQUC )KQTIKQ 4+64#66+ &+ #7)756' /KNCPQ 5SWCTG VQ QTKIKPCN QNKXG ITGGP ENQVJ LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF IGPGCNQIKECN VCDNGU CVVTCEVKXG RNCVGU QH GPNCTIGF KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU UQOG KP EQNQT # DKV DQYGF 0GCT HKPG (KTUV VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō#P GZCOKPCVKQP QH VJG FGRKEVKQP QH JQTUGU QP CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU Ō 5GEQPF VKVNG UKIPGF D[ VJG CWVJQT %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK *KNN 2JKNKR 6*' /107/'065 1( #0%+'06 41/' #5 %1+0 6;2'5 .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGV RCIGU KPENWFKPI TGCT HN[NGCH KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG =YKVJ? /WUGWO QH (KPG #TVU $QUVQP )4''- 41/#0 21464#+65 $%ņ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ŌCP KPFKURGPUCDNG DQQM YJKEJ WVKNK\GU OCP[ VJGOCVKE FTCYKPIU YKVJ C ňMG[ŉ VQ KFGPVKH[ QVJGTYKUG O[UVGTKQWU EQKPU Ō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ŉ+//#)+0#4+1 ' +. 216'4' 0'..ŉ+%101)4#(+# /10'6#.' /KNCPQ XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG (KTUV VKVNG HQEWUGU QP VJG CTVKUVKE FGXGNQROGPV QH OQFGTP 'WTQRGCP EQKPCIG HTQO VJGKT )TGGM CPF 4QOCP RTGFGEGU UQTU 5GEQPF VKVNG %QNNCPC FK 0WOKUOCVKEC G 5EKGP\G #HHKPK 9KP\GT #ZGN #06+-' 21464#+6/ª0<'0 &'4 2'45'4 70& )4+'%*'0 #75 814 *'..'05+6+5%*'4 <'+6 <'+64#7/ %# ņ 8 %*4 -TQPDGTI VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? *WTVGT 5KNXKC /CPK -#+5'4 41/5 +/ /ª0<21464 6 #74'+ &'4 5#//.70) )¤6< )4#$'46 5VWVVICTV VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV KP EQNQT (KPG =YKVJ? 5EJCCHH 7NTKEJ /ª0<'0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+5'4<'+6 /+6 5%*+((5&#456'..70)'0 /CKP\ VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP DNCEM LCEMGV XKK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG (KTUV VKVNG &CGJP Ō# ECVCNQIWG QH CDQWV 2GTUKCP CPF RTG *GNNGPKUVKE )TGGM RQTVTCKV EQKPU HTQO C RTKXCVG EQNNGEVKQP Ō

(QTIGTKGU

-KPPU 2JKNKR 6*' %#24#4# (14)'4+'5 .QPFQP 405 6CNN XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? &KOKVTQX & + 2TQMQRQX CPF $ -QNGX /1&'40 (14)'4+'5 1( )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 5QHKC 6JKP XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 9KVJ QHHRTKPV QH Ō5KT %JCTNGU (TGFGTKEM CPF VJG (QT IGT[ QH #PEKGPV %QKPU KP 'KIJVGGPVJ %GPVWT[ 4QOG Ō D[ ,GHHTG[ 5RKGT CPF ,QPCVJCP -CICP (KTUV VKVNG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP 5GEQPF VKVNG &CGJP 6JG QHHRTKPV KU HTQO VJG ,QWTPCN QH VJG *KUVQT[ QH %QNNGEVKQPU 8QN :++ 0Q -QND &T CPF # %WTVGV .ŉ+/+6#6+10 &'5 /100#+'5 &' %1..'%6+10 2CTKU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU 5NKIJV URKPG YGCT DTQYPKPI 7PQRGPGF 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT #PPGZG CWZ RTQEGU XGTDCWZ FGU UGCPEGU FG NC 5QEK¾V¾ (TCP¼CKUG FG 0WOKUOCVKSWG 4CTG 4CXGN 1 ' 07/+5/#6+37' )4'%37' (#.5+(+%#6+105 /1;'05 2174 .'5 4'%10 0#Ä64' (KTUV GFKVKQP .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 6JG HKTUV GFKVKQP VJQWIJ C TGXKUKQP QH C RTGXKQWU YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP -TQJ

GREEK COINS

)4''- %1+05 )GPGTCN 9QTMU

%CNNCVCÕ (TCP¼QKU FG 4'%7'+. 37#06+6#6+( &'5 /+55+105 /10 6#+4'5 #4%*# Å37'5 '6 %.#55+37'5 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV XKK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV (KPG &CGJP

%CTTCFKEG +CP %1+0#)' #0& #&/+0+564#6+10 +0 6*' #6*'0+#0 #0& 2'45+#0 '/ 2+4'5 1ZHQTF VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU X RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG $#4 +PVGTPCVKQPCN 5GTKGU &CGJP

(TCPMG 2GVGT 4 CPF /CZ *KTOGT &+' )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<' /ÒPEJGP VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ ENQVJ IKNV RKEVQTKCN LCEMGV RCIGU OQUV CVVTCEVKXG RNCVGU QH GPNCTIGF KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU KP EQNQT (KPG KP QTKIKPCN UNKRECUG +PENWFGU VJG UCOG GZEGRVKQPCN EQNQT KNNWUVTCVKQPU HQWPF KP -TCC[ *KTOGTŉU KPFKURGPUCDNG )TGGM %QKPU RWDNKUJGF VYQ [GCTU NCVGT %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

)CTFPGT 2GTE[ # *+5614; 1( #0%+'06 %1+0#)' ņ $ % (KTUV GFKVKQP 1ZHQTF XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV ZXK RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 6JG XGT[ UECTEG QTKIKPCN GFKVKQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

)CTFPGT 2GTE[ #4%*#'1.1); #0& 6;2'5 1( )4''- %1+05 4GRTKPV %JKECIQ #TIQPCWV VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ LCEMGV XņZXK RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? -TCC[ %QNKP / )4''- %1+05 #0& *+5614; 51/' %744'06 241$.'/5 .QPFQP /GVJWGP XQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV Z RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG (KTUV VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP 5GEQPF VKVNG FGTKXGF HTQO ņ NGEVWTGU FGNKXGTGF CV %CODTKFIG 7PKXGTUKV[ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

*GCF $CTENC[ 8 *+5614+# 07/147/ # /#07#. 1( )4''- 07/+5/#6+%5 4GRTKPV QH VJG UGEQPF GFKVKQP .QPFQP 5RKPM 6CNN XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV NZZZXKKK

RCIGU VCDNGU KP VJG VGZV VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU RNCVG VCDNGU (KPG 5VKNN VJG UVCPFCTF CPF OQUV EQORTGJGPUKXG UKPING XQNWOG TGHGTGPEG YQTM GXGT YTKVVGP QP CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP )TKGTUQP Ō1WXTCIG FG T¾H¾TGPEG ENCUUKSWG GV GUUGPVKGN Ō -TQJ

*GCF $CTENC[ 8 # )7+&' 61 6*' 24+0%+2#. %1+05 1( 6*' )4''-5 (41/ %+4% $ % 61 # & .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV KX RCIGU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU (KPG )GQTIGU .G 4KFGTŉU EQR[ QH VJKU TGYQTMGF OCVGTKCNN[ KORTQXGF GFKVKQP QH %QKPU QH VJG #PEKGPVU VJG HKTUV KUUWGF YKVJ VJKU VKVNG 5VKNN KORQTVCPV CPF WUGHWN CPF HGCVWTKPI HKPG EQNNQV[RG RNCVGU &CGJP Ō) ( *KNN YCU CEVWCNN[ VJG CWVJQT QH VJKU UWDUVCPVKCN TGXKUKQP Ō

*KNN ) ( *+5614+%#. )4''- %1+05 .QPFQP (KTUV GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV ZKZ RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF #P GPFWTKPI YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

+ECTF 5¾XGTKP +&'06+(+%#6+10 &'5 /100#+'5 2#4 .# 0178'..' / 6*1&' &'5 .'664'5 ,#.105 '6 &'5 . )'0&'5 (4#)/'06 '5 #22.+%#6+10 &' .# / 6*1&' #7: /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 #7: /100#+'5 )#7.1+5'5 2CTKU (NQTCPIG %KCPK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZZKX RCIGU RNCVGU QH CNRJCDGVU $KPFKPI XGT[ YQTP CPF UKIPCVWTGU UGRCTCVKPI 9QWNF DKPF YGNN 6JG HKTUV GFKVKQP QH VJKU WUGHWN FKEVKQPCT[ QH )TGGM EQKP KPUETKRVKQPU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

,GPMKPU ) - #0%+'06 )4''- %1+05 0GY ;QTM RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV KPENWFKPI OCP[ EQNQT RNCVGU (KPG 8QNWOG KP VJG 9QTNF QH 0WOKUOCVKEU UGTKGU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP )TKGTUQP -TQJ

-TCC[ %QNKP / #4%*#+% #0& %.#55+%#. )4''- %1+05 (KTUV GFKVKQP .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV ZZXK RCIGU OCRU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG &CGJP Ō# EQORTGJGPUKXG UWTXG[ QH )TGGM EQKPCIG HTQO KVU DGIKPPKPIU FQYP VQ EC $ % KNNWUVTCVGF D[ QXGT EQKPU Ō -TQJ ŌCP GZEGRVKQPCNN[ YGNN FQPG YQTM YJQUG FGRVJ CPF ITCUR EGTVCKPN[ UWRGTUGFGU CP[ QVJGT IGPGTCN YQTM VJCV GZKUVU HQT VJG RGTKQF Ō

.CHHCKNNG /CWTKEG %*1+: &' /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '0 $410<' 4QNNG 5OCNN USWCTG VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ LCEMGV RCIGU YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF YKVJ EQKP GPNCTIGOGPVU VJTQWIJQWV UQOG KP EQNQT (KPG 9KVJ CVVTCEVKXG RJQVQITCRJ[ &CGJP

4QDGTV .QWKU /100#+'5 #06+37'5 '0 641#&' )GP½XG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 6;2'5 . )'0&'5 /#)+564#65 /10 6#+4'5 '6 ) 1)4#2*+' )GP½XG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG *CWVGU VWFGU 0WOKUOCVKSWGU CPF &CGJP CPF

GREEK COINS

5CNNGV #NHTGF XQP &+' -ª056.'4+05%*4+(6'0 #7( )4+'%*+5%*'0 /ª0<'0 $GTNKP 5OCNN XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ OCTDNGF DQCTFU YKVJ URKPG NCDGN IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU DQWPF KP RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU 0GCT HKPG # SWKVG TCTG IWKFG VQ CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKP GPITCXGTU 'Z )GQTIGU .G 4KFGT YKVJ JKU DQQMRNCVG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 0QV KP &CGJP

5GCT &CXKF 4 )4''- %1+05 #0& 6*'+4 8#.7'5 81.7/' + '7412' %1+05 1( 52#+0 )#7. +6#.; 5+%+.; 6*' $#.-#0 .#0&5 )4''%' 6*' %;%.#&'5 #0& %4'6' #.51 6*' %'.6+% +557'5 1( 9'56'40 #0& %'064#. '7412' 81.7/' ++ #5+# #0& 0146* #(4+%# .QPFQP CPF 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV ZN ZNXKKK ņ RCIGU OCRU PWOGTQWU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU (KPG 9KVJ C YQTP EQR[ QH VJG GFKVKQP QH 5GCD[ŉU )TGGM %QKPU CPF 6JGKT 8CNWGU. &CGJP -TQJ ŌGUUGPVKCN HQT CNN EQNNGEVQTU QH )TGGM EQKPU Ō

5GNVOCP %JCTNGU )4''- %1+05 # *+5614; 1( /'6#..+% %744'0%; #0& %1+0#)' &190 61 6*' (#.. 1( 6*' *'..'0+56+% -+0)&1/5 .QPFQP (KTUV GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV VQR RCIG GFIGU IKNV FGGRN[ GODQUUGF IKNV EQKP KORTGUUKQP QP VJG WRRGT EQXGT ZKZ RCIGU OCRU CPF QVJGT VGZV HKIWTGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5KIPGF D[ # , 5GNVOCP QP HTQPV HN[NGCH (KPG 5VKNN GUUGPVKCN 6JQWIJ KUUWGF KP C PWODGT QH UWDUGSWGPV GFKVKQPU PQPG GSWCN VJG SWCNKV[ EJCTO CPF GUVJGVKE CRRGCN QH VJG HKTUV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK Ō# XGT[ IQQF UWTXG[ YJKEJ EQPUKFGTU VJG NCVGUV TGUGCTEJ Ō &CGJP Ō# EQORTGJGPUKXG JCPFDQQM QH )TGGM EQKPCIG Ō

5GNVOCP %JCTNGU )4''- %1+05 # *+5614; 1( /'6#..+% %744'0%; #0& %1+0#)' &190 61 6*' (#.. 1( 6*' *'..'0+56+% -+0)&1/5 .QPFQP 5GEQPF GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZZXK RCIGU OCRU CPF FKCITCOU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU ,CEMGV YQTP PGCT HKPG =YKVJ? 5EJWNV\ 5CDKPG #06+-' /ª0<'0 )4+'%*+5%*' 24 )70) $GTNKP &&4 XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG (KTUV YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō# EQORTGJGPUKXG JCPFDQQM QH )TGGM EQKPCIG Ō )TKGTUQP -TQJ ŌC XGT[ IQQF UWTXG[ő /WEJ QH KVU KPVTQFWEVQT[ OCVGTKCN KU GUUGPVKCN TGCFKPI KH [QW CTG EQPUKFGTKPI EQNNGEVKPI )TGGM EQKPU UGTKQWUN[ Ō

9CTF ,QJP )4''- %1+05 #0& 6*'+4 2#4'06 %+6+'5 #%%1/2#0+'& $; # %#6# .1)7' 1( 6*' #76*14ŉ5 %1..'%6+10 $; ) ( *+.. (KTUV GFKVKQP .QPFQP 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN ETGCO ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP DNCEM YKVJ GODQUUGF EQKP KOCIGU QP HTQPV LCEMGV VQR RCIG GFIGU IKNV (TQPVKURKGEG ZZZXK RCIGU RQTVTCKVU OCRU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU OQPQITCO RNCVG XGT[ HKPG CWVQV[RG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 6GCT VQ ENQVJ CV JGCF QH URKPG LCEMGV VQTP 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT #P CVVTCEVKXG YGNN RTQFWEGF YQTM HGCVWTKPI GZEGRVKQPCNN[ HKPG EQKP RNCVGU 5VKNN WUGHWN %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP -TQJ 5GG CNUQ NQV

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

%QNNGEVKQPU

=#PVKMGPOWUGWO $CUGN? %CJP *GTDGTV # .GQ /KNFGPDGTI 4QDGTVQ 4WUUQ CPF *CPU 8QGIVNK #0 6+-'0/75'7/ $#5'. 70& 5#//.70) .7&9+) )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 #75 )4155)4+'%*'0.#0& 70& 5+<+.+'0 $CUGN 5SWCTG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU FGUETKRVKQPU QH EQKPU CNN FGRKEVGF KP VJG VGZV CV CEVWCN UK\G JCPFUQOG RNCVGU QH EQKP GPNCTIGOGPVU (KPG 5ECTEG &CGJP Ō# ECVCNQIWG QH QWVUVCPFKPI EQKPU QH +VCN[ CPF 5KEKN[ KPENWFKPI OCP[ UKIPGF EQKPUő #NN GPITCXGTUŉ UKIPCVWTGU CTG RJQVQITCRJGF CPF GPNCTIGF +PENWFGU GZVGPUKXG CVVTKDWVKQP PQVGU HQT GCEJ EQKP Ō -TQJ

HKXG UVCTU ŌC XGT[ NCXKUJN[ RTQFWEGF ECVCNQIWG ő VJGTG CTG GZEGNNGPV RNCVGU QH GPNCTIGOGPVU /CP[ PKEG VQWEJGU OCMG VJKU C RNGCUWTG VQ YQTM YKVJ Ō

=%QWTVCWNF? 2QNNCTF )TCJCO # %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' )4''- %1+05 +0 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( 5+4 56'2*'0 %1746#7.& #6 6*' 70+8'45+6; %1..')' 1( 4*1&'5+# 5CNKU DWT[ XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU OCR RNCVG (KPG +PHTGSWGPVN[ QHHGTGF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

=&CXKU? 6TQZGNN *[NC # 6*' 014/#0 &#8+5 %1..'%6+10 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? =#05 /GODGTU? #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 64'#574'5 1( #0%+'06 %1+0#)' (41/ 6*' 24+8#6' %1..'%6+105 1( #/'4+%#0 07/+5/#6+% 51%+'6; /'/$'45 .CPECUVGT 5SWCTG XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG (KTUV VKVNG KU VJG HKTUV KPUVCNNOGPV KP VJG #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ŉU #PEKGPV %QKPU KP 0QTVJ #OGTKECP %QNNGEVKQPU UGTKGU +ORQTVCPV &CGJP 5GEQPF VKVNG KU CP GZJKDKVKQP ECVCNQIWG RTGRCTGF D[ %CVJGTKPG % .QTDGT

GREEK COINS

=&GYKPI? 6*' #46*74 5 &'9+0) %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 0GY ;QTM #05 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI QTCPIG ENQVJ IKNV UNKRECUG ZKK RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ #PEKGPV %QKPU KP 0QTVJ #OGTKECP %QNNGEVKQPU 0Q +ORQTVCPV &CGJP -TQJ HKXG UVCTU

=)WNDGPMKCP? *KRÉNKVQ /±TKQ % /1'&#5 )4')#5 #06+)#5 1741 .KUDQP /WUGW %CNQWUVG )WNDGPMKCP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF [GNNQY ENQVJ LCEMGV RCIGU YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF KPENWFKPI GPNCTIGOGPVU QH HKPG EQKPU (KPG # YGNN GZGEWVGF YQTM KNNWUVTCVKPI CPF GZVGPUKXGN[ FKUEWUUKPI QH )WNDGPMKCPŉU GZSWKUKVG IQNF )TGGM EQKPU &CGJP

=)WUVCX 8+ #FQNRJ? 5EJYCDCEJGT 9KNN[ )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<-7056 -74<' -7056)'5 %*+%*6' #0 $'+52+'.'0 #75 &'4 5#//.70) 5 / )756#8 8+ #&1.( -¤0+) 810 5%*9'&'0 /CKP\ CO 4JGKP VQ QTKIKPCN FCTM ITC[ NKPGP IKNV RCIGU HWNN RCIG EQKP GPNCTIGOGPVU CEEQORCPKGF D[ VGZV CPF CEVWCN UK\G EQKP KNNWUVTCVKQPU FQWDNG RCIG OCR (KPG 6JG )GTOCP GFKVKQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

=-C[JCP? -QPWM -QTC[ '#4.; #0#61.+#0 %1+05 (41/ 6*' /7*#44'/ -#;*#0 %1..'%6+10 -#470ŉ&#0 -#4+#ŉ;# /7*#44'/ -#;*#0 -1.'-5+;1070&#0 '4-'0 #0#&1.7 5+--'.'4+ +UVCPDWN VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HQNFKPI OCR KNNWUVTCVGF $KNKPIWCN (KPG #P CVVTCEVKXGN[ RTQFWEGF ECVCNQIWG &CGJP

=-WPUVJKUVQTKUEJG 5COONWPIGP FGU #NNGTJÌEJUVGP -CKUGTJCWUGU? 5EJNQUUGT ,WNKWU XQP $'5%*4'+$70) &'4 #.6)4+'%*+5%*'0 /ª0<'0 + 6*'55#.+'0 +..;4+'0 &#./#6+'0 70& &+' +05'.0 &'5 #&4+#6+5%*'0 /''4'5 '2'+415 9KGP XQ RNCKP YTCRU ZK RCIGU UK\G UECNG HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5RKPG URNKV KP PGGF QH DKPFKPI )QQF 8GT[ UECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

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

=2Q\\K? $QWVKP 5GTIG %#6#.1)7' &'5 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 #06+37'5 &' .ŉ#0%+'00' %1..'%6+10 21<<+ /100#+'5 (4#22 '5 '0 '7412' /CCUVTKEJV 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ YJKVG NKPGP DCEMGF DNWG DQCTFU URKPG NCDGNU IKNV ZKK RCIGU RNCVGU QH OQPQITCOU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5RKPG NCDGNU EQOKPI NQQUG GNUG HKPG # TGEQPUVTWEVKQP QH VJG GPVKTG 'WTQRGCP RQTVKQP QH VJG 2Q\\K EQNNGEVKQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō+P ENWFGU VJG 'WTQRGCP EQKPU VJCV YGTG KPENWFGF KP VJG 0CXKNNG UCNG ECVCNQIWG RNWU OQTG VJCP CFFKVKQPCN EQKPU VJCV YGTG PQV KPENWFGF KP VJG UCNG Ō -TQJ ŌRCTVKEWNCTN[ WUGHWN HQT CVVTKDWVKPI )TGGM DTQP\GU CPF C PWODGT QH VJGUG XGT[ EQKPU CTG UVKNN CTQWPF KP VJG VTCFG CPF QHHGTGF HQT UCNG YKVJ VJGKT KORQTVCPV RGFKITGG WPTGEQIPK\GF Ō

=4QUGP? 9CIIQPGT 0CPE[ / '#4.; )4''- %1+05 (41/ 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( ,10# 6*#0 2 415'0 0GY ;QTM VQ QTKIKPCN QTCPIG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ #PEKGPV %QKPU KP 0QTVJ #OGTKECP %QNNGEVKQPU 0Q &CGJP Ō6JG EQNNGEVKQP EQPVCKPU )TGGM EQKPU HQEWUKPI QP VJG EQKPCIG QH VJG CTEJCKE RGTKQF GURGEKCNN[ VJG HTCEVKQPCN FGPQOKPCVKQPUő #NN EQKPU CTG KNNWUVTCVGF Ō &CGJP -TQJ

=5VCOQWNKU? 8CTQWEJC %JTKUVQFQWNQRQWNQU +TGPG CPF ) 2 1KMQPQOQU ΝΟΜΙΣΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΕ ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΟΥ Π ΣΤΑΜΟΥΛΗ ΔΩΡΗΘΕΙΣΑ ΕΙΣ ΤΟ ΕΘΝΙΚΟΝ ΝΟΜΙΣΜΑΤΙΚΟΝ ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟΝ. #VJGPU 6YQ XQNWOGU CU RWDNKUJGF KP QPG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZX

RCIGU RNCVGU = HKPG JCNHVQPG? QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU %QXGTU C DKV YQTP XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 6JKU ECVCNQIWG YQWNF CRRGCT VQ JCXG DGGP RWDNKUJGF KP OQTG VJCP QPG GFKVKQP KUUWGF KP VYQ RCTVU QT EQODKPGF KPVQ QPG CU JGTG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

=8GTPKP? 4G[PCWF )CUVQP ' %#6#.1)7' &' .# &10#6+10 *'04; 8'40+0 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 #TEJKXGU FG NC 8KNNG FG /CTUGKNNG %CDKPGV FGU /¾FCKNNGU VQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQ XGTU RCIGU JGCXKN[ KNNWUVTCVGF =CU KUUWGF YKVJ? $TGPQV %NCWFG CPF #PFTG 5KCU %#6# .1)7' &7 (10&5 ) 0 4#. /#45'+..' .# 5+%+.' '6 .# )4#0&' )4 %' #TEJKXGU FG NC 8KNNG FG /CTUGKNNG %CDKPGV FGU /¾FCKNNGU VQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU JGCXKN[ KNNWUVTCVGF *QWUGF KP C TGF ENQVJ UNKRECUG NGVVGTGF KP DNCEM CU KUUWGF YKVJ CEEQORCP[KPI HQNFKPI OCR 5RKPG JCPF NGVVGTGF KP KPM 0GCT HKPG 'Z 4QDGTV , /[GTU NKDTCT[

GREEK COINS

=8KT\K? #0%+'06 $410<' %1+05 1( /#)0# )4#'%+# #0& 5+%+.; TGRTQFWEGF RJQVQ ITCRJKE RTKPVU KNNWUVTCVKPI QDXGTUG CPF TGXGTUG QH EQKPU 2TKPVU OGCUWTG D[ EO 6JG KORQTVCPV RJQVQITCRJKE TGEQTF QH VJG 6QO 8KT\K EQNNGEVKQP 8KT\K CP CUUKUVCPV VQ ,CEQD *KTUEJ HQTOGF QPG QH VJG ITGCV EQNNGEVKQPU KP VJKU CTGC UQOG QH YJKEJ YCU UQNF D[ *KTUEJ JKOUGNH KP DWV OQUV QH YJKEJ TGOCKPGF KPVCEV WPVKN $CPM .GW QHHGTGF RKGEGU KP CPF #NGZ /CNNQ[ UQNF QVJGTU KP # HGY UGVU QH RJQVQITCRJU QH VJG GPVKTG EQNNGEVKQP YGTG RTQFWEGF D[ .GW HTQO YJKEJ VJGUG TGRTQFWEVKQP RJQVQITCRJU YGTG VCMGP 1H EQPUKFGTCDNG KORQTVCPEG

=9CTF? *KNN ) ( &'5%4+26+8' %#6#.1)7' 1( #0%+'06 )4''- %1+05 $'.10)+0) 61 ,1*0 9#4& 5CP &KGIQ GZVTCEVGF TGRTKPV 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV CHHKZGF VQ HTQPV HN[NGCH PGCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP 5GG CNUQ NQV

=9CUJDWTP -KPI? 8GTOGWNG % % )4''- %1+05 +0 6*' '.+5#$'6* 9#5*$740 -+0) %1..'%6+10 #6 $4;0 /#94 %1..')' .QPFQP 4GRTKPVGF HTQO VJG 0WOKUOCVKE %JTQPKENG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? =)WUVCX 8+ #FQNRJ? 5EJYCDCEJGT 9KNN[ )4'-+5-# /;06 74 -1070) )756#( 8+ #&1.(5 5#/ .+0) /CNOÌ VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU OCR CVVTCEVKXG GPNCTIGOGPVU QH )TGGM EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF (KTUV VKVNG KU UECTEG %QKPU HTQO VJG 9CUJDWTP -KPI EQNNGEVKQP YGTG UQNF D[ %JTKUVKGŉU QP &GE %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP 5GEQPF VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

%GNVKE %QKPU )GPGTCN 9QTMU

#NNGP & ( 6*' %1+05 1( 6*' #0%+'06 %'.65 'FKPDWTIJ XQ EJCTEQCN ENQVJ IKNV ZK RCIGU OCRU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG &CGJP

%CUVGNKP -CTGN -'.6+5%*' /ª0<'0 -#6#.1) &'4 5#//.70) &'5 5%*9'+<'4 +5%*'0 .#0&'5/75'7/5 <ª4+%* $#0& + <ÒTKEJ VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KPENWFKPI PWOGTQWU RNCVGU QH EQKPU CPF QVJGT KNNWUVTCVKQPU (KPG 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

&GODUMK )ÒPVJGT -#6#.1) &'4 #06+-'0 /ª0<'0 # )4+'%*'0 + *+52#0+'0 70& &+' 4¤/+5%*'0 2418+0<'0 )#..+'05 9KGP -WPUVJKUVQTKUEJGU /WUGWO 9KGP /ÒP\MCDK PGVV VQ DNCEM ENQVJ DCEMGF RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU X RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH EQKPU OCR RNCVG 5NKIJV GFIG DWOR PGCT HKPG &CGJP &GODUMK )ÒPVGT /ª0<'0 &'4 -'.6'0 9KGP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP YJKVG LCEMGV RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0QV KP &CGJP

(WTIGT )WPVK #PFTGU GV CN &+' -'.6+5%*' /ª0<'0 &'4 5#//.70) 4 (144'4 * *'41.& +/ 4 6+5%*'0 /75'7/ %*74 %JWT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG =YKVJ? (WTIGT )WPVK #PFTGU &'4 Ō)1.&(70& 810 5#+06 .17+5Ō $'+ $#5'. 70& *0.+%*' -'.6+5%*' 5%*#6<(70&' VQ UGNH EQXGTGF RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG =YKVJ? %WPNKHHG $CTT[ %1+0#)' #0& 51%+'6; +0 $4+6#+0 #0& )#7. 51/' %744'06 241$.'/5 .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU OCRU KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG 6JG UGEQPF YQTM KU C 5GRCTCVFTWEM CWU <GKVUEJTKHV HÒT 5EJYGK\GTKUEJG #TEJ·QNQIKG WPF -WPUVIGUEJKEJVG $CPF

*KURCPKC

)KN (CTTGU 1EVCXKQ .# /10'&# *+52#0+%# '0 .# '&#& #06+)7# /CFTKF XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP YJKVG ZKZ RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG 5ECTEG &CGJP

)WCF±P #PVQPKQ / FG .#5 /10'&#5 &' )#&'5 $CTEGNQPC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF =YKVJ? 8KNNCTQPIC )CTTKIC .GCPFTQ .#5 /10'&#5 &' #45' 5#)7067/ $CTEGNQPC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 6YQ RWDNKECVKQPU QH VJG +PUVKVWVQ #PVQPKQ #IWUVKP FG 0WOKUO±VKEC FGN %QPUGLQ 5WRGTKQT FG +PXGUVKICEKQPGU %KGPVÃHK ECU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK HKTUV VKVNG )WCF±P #PVQPKQ / FG 07/+5/#6+%# +$'4+%# ' +$'41 41/#0# /CFTKF 5OCNN XQ QTKIKPCN QTCPIG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZXKK RCIGU HQNFKPI OCRU RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT +PUVKVWVQ 'URCÇQN FG #TSWGQNQIKC $KDNKQVJGEC #TEJCGQNQIKEC 8+ 5ECTEG

*KNN )GQTIG ( 016'5 10 6*' #0%+'06 %1+0#)' 1( *+52#0+# %+6'4+14 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU CNRJCDGV RNCVG HKPG FQWDNG RCIG EQKP RNCVGU 2NCVGU CPPQVCVGF KP RGPEKN DKPFKPI C DKV NQQUG 8GT[ IQQF 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q &CGJP

GREEK COINS

/CNWSWGT FG /QVGU , .# %1.'%%+¡0 #437'1.¡)+%# Ō8 %614 %#6#. Ō + /10'&#5 #/274+6#0#5 /#55#.+16#5 ' +$ 4+%#5 *#..#&#5 '0 #/274+#5 $CTEGNQPC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU 6KVNG YTKVVGP QP URKPG PGCT HKPG =YKVJ? 4WK\ 6TCRGTQ /CTKC .#5 #%7 #%+10'5 *+52#01 41/#0#5 &' %#.#)744+5 57 14 &'0#%+10 %4101.1)+%# ; 57 64#5%'0&'0%+# *+5614+%# $CTEGNQPC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 6YQ URGEKCNK\GF YQTMU 4KRQNN½U 2GTG 2CW /10'&#5 *+52 0+%#5 &' .# $+$.+16* 37' 0#6+10#.' &' (4#0%' /CFTKF VQ QTKIKPCN VCP NKPGP IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF EQNQT GPNCTIG OGPVU (KPG %CVCNQIWGU EQKPU 0QV KP &CGJP

8KNNCTQPIC .GCPFTQ .#5 /10'&#5 *+52#01 %#46#)+0'5#5 $CTEGNQPC VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV (TQPVKURKGEG RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG &CGJP

8KNNCTQPIC .GCPFTG 6*' #'5 %1+0#)' 1( '/214+10 1ZHQTF VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG $#4 5WRRNGOGPVCT[ 5GTKGU

)CNNKC

$TGPQV %NCWFG CPF 5KOQPG 5EJGGTU %#6#.1)7' &'5 /100#+'5 /#55#.+ 6'5 '6 /10 0#+'5 %'.6+37'5 &7 /75 ' &'5 $'#7: #465 &' .;10 .[QP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZXKKK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG &CGJP

%QNDGTV FG $GCWNKGW ,GCP $CRVKUVG CPF )CDTKGNNG (CDTG .'5 /100#+'5 )#7.1+5'5 &'5 2# 4+5++ 2CTKU *KUVQKTG )¾P¾TCNG FG 2CTKU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZZZKK RCIGU EQNQT RNCVG QH IQNF EQKPU PWOGTQWU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU 7PQRGPGF %QTPGT DWOR XGT[ IQQF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP )TKGTUQP %QNDGTV FG $GCWNKGW ,GCP $CRVKUVG CPF $TKIKVVG (KUEJGT 4'%7'+. &'5 +05%4+26+105 )#7 .1+5'5 81.7/' +8 .'5 . )'0&'5 /10 6#+4'5 2CTKU 'TPGUV .GTQWZ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF %TGCUG VJTQWIJ XQNWOG 8GT[ IQQF :.8G UWRRN¾OGPV ¯ )CNNKC &CGJP Ō# FGVCKNGF UVWF[ QH VJG EQTRWU QH )CWNKUJ KPUETKRVKQPU HQWPF QP EQKPU Ō

&GRG[TQV )GQTIGU .' 07/ 4#+4' )#7.1+5 &7 +8' 5+ %.' #52'%65 37#06+6#6+(5 .+84' + 6':6' .+84' ++ 2.#0%*'5 1ZHQTF 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU JWPFTGFU QH VCDNGU (KPG $#4 +PVGTPCVKQPCN 5GTKGU K CPF KK

&GTQE #PVQPKP .'5 /100#+'5 )#7.1+5'5 &ŉ#4)'06 &' .# 8#.. ' &7 4*¢0' 2CTKU XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU ZK RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? &GNGUVT¾G .QWKU 2QN .'5 /100#+'5 )#7.1+5'5 &' $1+5 .ŉ#$$ '7 5'+0' /#4+6+/' 2CTKU XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU XKKK RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 'VWFGU FG 0WOKUOCVKSWG %GNVKSWG CPF 6JG HKTUV KU )GQTIGU .G 4KFGTŉU EQR[ 8GT[ UECTEG &WEJCNCKU #FQNRJG &'5%4+26+10 &'5 / &#+..'5 )#7.1+5'5 (#+5#06 2#46+' &'5 %1..'%6+105 &' .# $+$.+16* 37' 41;#.' 2CTKU XQ TGF SWCTVGT ENQVJ IKNV YKVJ OCTDNGF DQCTFU Z =OKUPWODGTGF ? RCIGU GPITCXGF RNCVGU (QTG GFIG DWOR 8GT[ IQQF #P GZVGPUKXG GCTN[ ECVCNQIWG QH %GNVKE EQKPU 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF .GKV\OCPP 'Z 4QDGTV , /[GTU NKDTCT[ (WTVY·PINGT #PFTGCU ' /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '0 )#7. .' 64 514 &ŉ#74+1. '6 .' /100#;#)' &' /#55#.+# ņ #8 , % (TKDQWTI 1HHKEG FW .KXTG XQ QTKIK PCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 6[RQU /QPQITCRJKGP \WT CPVKMGP 0WOKUOCVKM $CPF +++ #P KORQTVCPV YQTM &CGJP

)TWGN -CVJGTKPG .' 64 514 &' 64 $4; %¢6'5 &7 014& '4 5+ %.' #8#06 0164' 4' 2CTKU XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU ZK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG 'VWFGU FG 0WOKUOCVKSWG %GNVKSWG 8GT[ UECTEG &CGJP

)TWGN -CVJGTKPG CPF 'TKE /QTKP .'5 /100#+'5 %'.6'5 &7 /75 ' &' $4'6#)0' 2CTKU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU KPENWFKPI RCIGU QH EQNQT RNCVGU KNNWUVTCVKPI EQKPU (KPG #P WPWUWCNN[ YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF ECVCNQIWG &CGJP Ō#P KPVTQFWEVKQP VQ %GNVKE EQKPCIG CPF C ECVCNQIWG QH EQKPU Ō

0CUJ &CRJPG 5'66.'/'06 #0& %1+0#)' +0 %'064#. )#7. % ņ $ % 2#465 + #0& ++ 1ZHQTF 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI TGF RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU XKK ņ RCIGU RNCVGU YKVJ HCEKPI VGZV RCIGU OCRU CPF VCDNGU VJTQWIJQWV (KPG $TKVKUJ #TEJCGQNQIKECN 4GRQTVU 8QN &CGJP

GREEK COINS

2CWVCUUQ #PFTGC .' /10'6' 24'41/#0' &'..ŉ+6#.+# 5'66'064+10#.' 8CTGUG VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HQNFKPI OCR RNCVGU QH EQKPU GTTCVC UJGGV $KPFKPI C DKV YQTP XGT[ IQQF =YKVJ? 2CWVCUUQ #PFTGC %1064+$76+ #..# &1%7/'06#<+10' &'..# /10'6#<+10' 2#&#0# 8CTGUG VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT (KTUV VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK Ō&KUVTKDWVKQP QH /CUUCNKC QT /CUUCNKQV V[RG EQKPU KP 0QTVJ +VCN[ TFņ UV EGPV $ % Ō )TKGTUQP 5GEQPF VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 4GFKPI .WEKGP .'5 /100#+'5 )#7.1+5'5 &7 6'6'.$+'4) .WZGODQWTI 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP DQCTFU IKNV (TQPVKURKGEG RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP 4QVGP *QTVGPUKC XQP -'.6+5%*' /ª0<'0 +/ 5%*9'+<'4+5%*'0 .#0&'5/75'7/ 0 R VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? 5EJGGTU 5KOQPG .'5 /100#+'5 )#7.1+5'5 &' .# %1..'%6+10 # &#0+%1746 2 410' (4#0%' 51//' $TWZGNNGU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG (KTUV VKVNG 5GRCTCVFTWEM CWU <GKVUEJTKHV HÒT 5EJYGK\GTKUEJG #TEJ·QNQIKG WPF -WPUVIGUEJKEJVG 5GEQPF VKVNG %GTENG Fŉ VWFGU 0WOKUOCVKSWGU 6TCXCWZ &CGJP )TKGTUQP 5CX½U )GQTIGU .'5 /100#+'5 )#7.1+5'5 Ō .# %41+:Ō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

RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG &CGJP 5KNNU ,QJP )#7.+5* #0& '#4.; $4+6+5* )1.& %1+0#)' .QPFQP 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV XKKK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG +ORQTVCPV

$TKVCPPKC

*QDDU 4KEJCTF $4+6+5* +410 #)' %1+05 +0 6*' $4+6+5* /75'7/ .QPFQP %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? /CEM 4 2 6*' %1+0#)' 1( #0%+'06 $4+6#+0 .QPFQP 5GEQPF GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV KK RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG (KTUV VKVNG &CGJP 5GEQPF VKVNG &CGJP ŌC FGVCKNGF JKUVQT[ QH VJG QTKIKP CPF FGXGNQROGPV QH EQKPCIG KP $TKVCKP Ō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

'CUVGTP %GNVU

%CUVGNKP -CTGN &+' )1.&24 )70) &'4 -'.6'0 +0 &'0 $¤*/+5%*'0 . 0&'40 )TC\ 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV URKPG NCDGN (TQPVKURKGEG XKKK RCIGU HQNFKPI VCDNGU OCRU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT &CGJP (QTTGT 4QDGTV -'.6+5%*' 07/+5/#6+- &'4 4*'+0 70& &10#7.#0&' '4) 0<6' 0'7#75)#$' $#0& + ++ )TC\ #MCFGOKUEJG &TWEM W 8GTNCIUCPUVCNV 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ OCVEJKPI QTKIKPCN NKIJV ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGVU XK RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU HQNFKPI OCRU QVJGT OCRU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 8QNWOG KU C TGRTKPV QH (QTTGTŉU ENCUUKE YQTM 8QNWOG KU C EQORNGVGN[ PGY YQTM GFKVGF D[ -CTGN %CUVGNKP YKVJ JKU CFFKVKQPU CPF UWRRNGOGPVU CU YGNN CU VJQUG QH #NNGP FG $GCWNKGW ,GPMKPU -GNNPGT CPF 9KPMNGT %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

GREEK COINS

)ÌDN 4QDGTV 156-'.6+5%*'4 6;2'0#6.#5 $TCWPUEJYGKI VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU ,CEMGV YQTP PGCT HKPG =YKVJ? )ÌDN 4QDGTV 6;21.1)+' 70& %*4101.1)+' &'4 -'.6+5%*'0 /ª0<24 )70) +0 014+%7/ 9KGP VQ QTKIK PCN ITGGP ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU HQNFKPI VCDNGU 0GCT HKPG (KTUV VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP 5ECTEG 5GEQPF VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP C -QU 2GVGT -'.65-+ 018%+ 5.18'0+,' -'.6+5%*' /ª0<'0 5.19'0+'05 .LWDNLCPC XQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP YJKVG LCEMGV RCIGU OCRU RNCVGU QH EQKPU $KNKPIWCN (KPG =YKVJ? 1PFTQWEJ 8QLVGEJ -'.65- /+0%' 6;27 $+#6'% < $4#6+5.#8; $TCVKUNCXC XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU ,CEMGV YQTP PGCT HKPG (KTUV VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP -QUVKCN /KEJCGNC -'.6'0 +/ 156'0 )1.& 70& 5+.$'4 &'4 -'.6'0 +0 /+66'. 70& 156'7412# 5#//.70) .#0< /ÒPEJGP VQ QTKIKPCN RWTRNG RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU

RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV CPF QP VYQ RCIGU QH EQNQT GPNCTIGOGPVU (KPG +ORQTVCPV &CGJP .WMCPE +XQ .'5 +/+6#6+105 &'5 /100#+'5 &ŉ#.':#0&4' .' )4#0& '6 &' 6*#515 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 1P 6JTCEKCP KOKVCVKQPU &CGJP 2KPM -CTN '+0(ª*470) +0 &+' -'.6+5%*' /ª0<-70&' /+6 $'510&'4'4 $'4ª%-5+%*6+)70) ¤56'44'+%*5 9KGP #TEJCGQNQIKC #WUVTKCEC *GHV XQ QTKIK PCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU HQNFKPI OCR RNCVG 0GCT HKPG 5ECTEG 2QRQXKi 2GVCT .' /100#;#)' &'5 5%14&+537'5 ÍÎÂÀÖ ÑÊÎÐÄÈÑÊÀ $GQITCF VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU $KNKPIWCN 0GCT HKPG 1P CPEKGPV $CNMCP EQKPCIG CPF KVU EKTEWNCVKQP HTQO VJG VJ VQ UV EGPVWTKGU $ %

+VCN[

$WVVTG[ 6 8 %15# 6*' %1+05 .ŉ#SWKNC +P /GOQKTU QH VJG #OGTKECP #ECFGO[ KP 4QOG 8QNWOG :::+8 VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU OCR RNCVGU (KPG $WVVTG[ŉU KORQTVCPV YQTM EQORTKUGU RCIGU CPF RNCVGU QH EQKPU 6YQ QVJGT OCLQT YQTMU D[ /CTKC 6GTGUC /CTCDKPK /QGXU CTG CNUQ HGCVWTGF +VCNQ /GICTKCP 9CTG CV %QUC CPF #EQ KP 0QTVJGTP 'VTWTKC 6JG 9QTMUJQR QH %WUQPKWU CV %QUC. )QTKPK )KQXCPPK .# /10'6#<+10' +0%75# &'..# /#)0# )4'%+# $GNNKP\QPC VQ QTKIKPCN QNKXG ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU OCR YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF YKVJ PWOGTQWU EQKP GPNCTIGOGPVU (KPG QT UQ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō'ZCOKPGU VJG KPEWUG EQKPCIG QH 5QWVJGTP +VCN[ Ō *QNNQYC[ 4 4QUU #46 #0& %1+0#)' +0 /#)0# )4#'%+# $GNNKP\QPC VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō# UVWF[ QH VJG EQKPCIG QH VJG )TGGM EKVKGU QH 5QWVJGTP +VCN[ KP VJG HKHVJ CPF HQWTVJ EGPVWTKGU $ % CU CTVKUVKE FQEWOGPVU Ō -GWTGP (TCPEGU XCP 6*' %1+0#)' 1( *'4#%.'# .7%#0+#' 4QOC )KQTIKQ $TGVUEJPGKFGT (KTUV GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG &CGJP Ō%QXGTU VJG YJQNG QH *GTCENGCŉU QWVRWV QH UKNXGT CPF IQNF EQKPCIG HTQO VJG HKHVJ VQ VJG VJKTF EGPVWT[ $ % CPF VJG DTQP\G EQKPCIG HTQO VJG VJKTF VQ VJG UGEQPF QT HKTUV EGPVWT[ $ % Ō /CPIKGTK )KWUGRRG .KDGTQ 8'.+# ' .# 57# /10'6#<+10' .WICPQ VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU OCR RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 6JG HWNN +VCNKCP XGTUKQP YKVJ RNCVGU &CGJP /CPIKGTK )KWUGRRG .KDGTQ 8'.+# #0& +65 %1+0#)' .WICPQ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU (KPG 6JG 'PINKUJ VTCPUNCVKQP &CGJP /GPUKVKGTK /CTKPC 6CNKGTEKQ .# /10'6#<+10' &+ 8#.'06+# 4QOC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG %GPVTQ +PVGTPC\KQPCNG FK 5VWFK 0WOKUOCVKEK $KDNKQVJGEC 0QG 5[FPG[ 2 6*' %1+0#)' 1( /'6#21067/ 2#465 10' 691 0GY ;QTM #05 CPF 6YQ XQNWOGU OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HTQPVKURKGEG KP XQNWOG ++ HKPG FQWDNG RCIG RNCVGU +PUVKVWVKQPCN UVCOR VQ UGEQPF XQNWOG 0GCT HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0QU CPF 6JG QTKIKPCN GFKVKQPU YKVJ UWRGTKQT RNCVGU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō6JQTQWIJ FKG UVWFKGU Ō 0QG 5[FPG[ 2 6*' 6*74+#0 &+ 56#6'45 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG FQWDNG RCIG RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q 5ECTEG CPF KORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō# EQTRWUő .KUVU URGEKOGPU TGRTGUGPVKPI FKG EQODKPCVKQPU Ō

GREEK COINS

0QG 5[FPG[ 2 CPF #PP ,QJPUVQP 6*' %1+0#)' 1( /'6#21067/ 2#465 #0& 0GY ;QTM #05 CPF 6JTGG RCTVU KP VYQ XQNWOGU VQ OCVEJKPI [GNNQY RTKPVGF ENQVJ KZ

KZ RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0QU CPF 6JG TGRTKPV KP QPG XQNWOG QH VJG UVCPFCTF VYQ RCTV YQTM WRFCVGF D[ ,QJPUVQP CNQPI YKVJ C HKPCN PGY XQNWOG &CGJP CPF

4WVVGT 0 - %#/2#0+#0 %1+0#)'5 ņ $ % 'FKPDWTIJ 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU XQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV XKKK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG &CGJP -TQJ HQWT CPF QPG JCNH UVCTU

4WVVGT 0 - 6*' )4''- %1+0#)'5 1( 5176*'40 +6#.; #0& 5+%+.; .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV KX RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG &CGJP Ō# VJQTQWIJ TG GZCOKPCVKQP QH VJG )TGGM EQKPCIG KP 5QWVJGTP +VCN[ CPF 5KEKN[ Ō

4WVVGT 0 - =RTKPEKRCN GFKVQT? *+5614+# 07/147/ +6#.; .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN OC TQQP ENQVJ IKNV ZXK RCIGU OCR RNCVGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU RNCVG QH NGIGPFU (KPG 6JG HKTUV XQNWOG QH C RNCPPGF TGXKUKQP ITGCVN[ GZRCPFGF QH $CTENC[ *GCFŉU *KUVQTKC 0WOQTWO &CGJP

8GEEJK +VCNQ 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 4#50# # 567&; +0 '6475%#0 07/+5/#6+%5 2#465 ņ <ÒTKEJ ņ 6JTGG XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ ņ ņ RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 1HHRTKPVU HTQO VJKU KORQTVCPV UGTKGU RWDNKUJGF KP VJG 4GXWG UWKUUG FG PWOKUOCVKSWG &CGJP

9KNNKCOU 4QFGTKEM 6 6*' 5+.8'4 %1+0#)' 1( 8'.+# .QPFQP 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV ZK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 'FIG DWOR PGCT HKPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP -TQJ HKXG UVCTU ŌC EQORTGJGPUKXG FKG UVWF[ Ō

9QTM 'WPKEG 6*' '#4.+'4 56#6'45 1( *'4#%.'# .7%#0+#' 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF VCP ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG FQWDNG RCIG RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q &CGJP -TQJ Ō# EQTRWU CPF FKG UVWF[ VJKU KU EQPUKFGTGF UVKNN XCNKF GZEGRV HQT VJG FCVKPI CPF XGT[ KORQTVCPV GXGP VJQWIJ KV EQXGTU C XGT[ PCTTQY URGEVTWO Ō

5KEKN[

#TUNCP 'TOCPPQ # .# /10'6# &'..# 5+%+.+# #06+%# /KNCPQ 5SWCTG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZZKKK RCIGU RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI DQVJ UKFGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT %CVCNQIQ FGNNG %KXKEJG 4CEEQNVG 0WOKUOCVKEJG FK /KNCPQ &CGJP Ō+NNWUVTCVGU EQKPU Ō

#TPQNF $KWEEJK %CTOGP 6*' 4#0&#<<1 *1#4& #0& 5+%+.+#0 %*4101.1); +0 6*' '#4.; (+(6* %'0674; $ % 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU OCR RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0Q &CGJP -TQJ HQWT UVCTU

%CEECOQ %CNVCDKCPQ /CTKC 5+4#%75# '..'0+56+%# .'/10'6' ň4')#.+ŉ &+ .'410' ++ &'..# 57# (#/+).+# ' &'+ 5+4#%75#0+ /GUUKPC XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 2GNQTKCU &CGJP Ō# FGVCKNGF UVWF[ QH VJG UKNXGT EQKPCIG OKPVGF CV 5[TCEWUG VQYCTFU VJG GPF QH VJG TGKIP QH *KGTQ ++ KP VJG NCVG VJKTF EGPVWT[ $ % Ō

%COOCTCVC 'P\Q &# &+10+5+1 # 6+/1.'106' 241$.'/+ &+ 07/+5/#6+%# &'..# 5+%+.+# #06+%# /QFKEC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? ,GPMKPU ) -GPPGVJ %1+05 1( 270+% 5+%+.; 2CTV + 4GRTKPVGF HTQO VJG 5EJYGK\GTKUEJG 0WOKUOCVKUEJG 4WPFUEJCW XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU RNCVGU # DKV YQTP 8GT[ IQQF QT UQ =YKVJ? %CNNCVCÕ (TCP¼QKU FG CPF *CKO )KVNGT 6*' %1+0 1( %1+05 ,GTWUCNGO XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 9KVJ %CNEKCVKŉU 6JG %QWPVGT OCTMU QH VJG 5GTKGU #VJGPC *KRRQECOR QH 5[TCEWUG. (KTUV VKVNG &CGJP 5GEQPF VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK HWNN GFKVKQP &CGJP Ō+P 2CTV VJG CWVJQT FGCNU YKVJ VJG EQKPCIG QH /QV[C 2CPQTOWU VJG ň45/.346ŉ KUUWGU 6JGTOCK CPF 5QNWU WPEGTVCKP Ō 6JKTF VKVNG YCU RWDNKUJGF HQT VJG GZJKDKVKQP QH VJG #KVPC VGVTCFTCEJO CV VJG +UTCGN /WUGWO &CGJP

%KEEKQ ) FG ).+ #74'+ 5+4#%75#0+ &+ %+/10' ' &+ '8'0'61 0CRQNK (KTUV GFK VKQP XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ ENQVJ DCEMGF DQCTFU IKNV RCIGU HKPG RNCVG 0GCT HKPG 6JG TCTG HKTUV GFKVKQP &CGJP

%KEEKQ ) FG ).+ #74'+ 5+4#%75#0+ &+ %+/10' ' &+ '8'0'61 4QOC 5GEQPF GFKVKQP TGXKUGF 5OCNN XQ OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU QPG KP EQNQT HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 6JG DGUV GFKVKQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

GREEK COINS

&W %JCUVGN FG NC *QYCTFTKGU %QOVG #ND¾TKE 5;4#%75' 5'5 /100#+'5 &ŉ#4)'06 '6 &ŉ14 #7 21+06 &' 87' #46+56+37' .QPFQP 5RKPM XQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5RKPG ENQVJ URNKVVKPI XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 8GT[ UECTEG YKVJ DGCWVKHWN RNCVGU 'Z 9C[VG 4C[OQPF YKVJ JKU DQQMRNCVG &CGJP

*KNN ) ( %1+05 1( #0%+'06 5+%+.; 9GUVOKPUVGT (KTUV GFKVKQP 6CNN XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV VQR RCIG GFIGU IKNV ZX RCIGU HKPG HTQPVKURKGEG RNCVG OCR VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (TQPV LQKPV ETCEMGF 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT # UECTEG CPF CVVTCEVKXGN[ RTQFWEGF YQTM HGNKEKVQWUN[ FGUETKDGF CU HQNNQYU KP C 5RKPM PWOKUOCVKE NKVGTCVWTG ECVCNQIWG Ō# XGT[ DGCWVKHWN DQQM FGCNKPI YKVJ EQKPU YJKEJ CTG CFOKVVGF VQ DG VJG HNQYGT QH VJG PWOKUOCVKE CTV Ō %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK Ō+PVGTGUVKPI CPF KPHQTOCVKXG Ō &CGJP

*WTVGT 5KNXKC /CPK &+' &+&4#%*/'024 )70) 810 5')'56# $KGN XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGV RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU (KPG 5YKUU 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU #P KORQTVCPV TGEGPV YQTM &CGJP

-TCC[ %QNKP / 6*' #4%*#+% %1+0#)' 1( *+/'4# 0CRQNK XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG %GPVTQ +PVGTPC\KQPCNG FK 5VWFK 0WOKUOCVKEK $KDNKQVJGEC &CGJP

2GPPKUK #IQUVKPQ CPF )KWNKQ 'OCPWGNG 4K\\Q 5+%+.+#' 8'6'4'5 07//+ #EKTGCNG %QNNG\KQPG 2GPPKUK FK (NQTKUVGNNC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU TGOCTMCDN[ HKPG HQVQVKRKG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG # OQUV CVVTCEVKXGN[ FGUKIPGF CPF RTKPVGF RWDNKECVKQP KUUWGF WPFGT VJG CGIKU QH )KWNKQ 'OCPWGNG 4K\\Q VJCV RGGTNGUU /GFKVGTTCPGCP CTDKVGT QH UWRGTD V[RQITCRJ[ 4CTG

9GUVGTOCTM 7NNC CPF -GPPGVJ ,GPMKPU 6*' %1+0#)' 1( -#/#4+0# (KTUV GFKVKQP .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU HQNFKPI OCR RNCVGU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP -TQJ VJTGG CPF C JCNH UVCTU ŌC VTWG EQTRWU CPF FKG UVWF[ VJCV KU VJG UVCPFCTF TGHGTGPEG HQT VJKU UGTKGU CPF NKMGN[ YKNN CNYC[U DG Ō

/CEGFQPKC +PENWFKPI *GNNGPKUVKE

$CWUNCWIJ 4QDGTV # 5+.8'4 %1+0#)' 9+6* 6*' 6;2'5 1( #'5+..#5 6*' 37#'5614 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0Q &CGJP Ō# EQORNGVG GZCOKPCVKQP QH VJG HKTUV EGPVWT[ $ % UKNXGT EQKPU KUUWGF D[ VJG 4QOCPU KP VJG PCOG QH VJG /CEGFQPKCPU Ō

%CNNCVCÕ (TCP¼QKU FG 4'%7'+. 37#06+6#6+( &'5 /+55+105 /10 6#+4'5 *'. . 0+56+37'5 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ ENQVJ IKNV Z RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJ QWV (KPG &CGJP

&GUPGWZ ,WNGU .'5 6 64#&4#%*/'5 &ŉ#-#06*15 2WDNKUJGF KP 4GXWG DGNIG FG PWOKUOC VKSWG 8QN XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU 'PVKTG KUUWG RTGUGPV =&GUPGWZŉU CTVKENG EQO RTKUGU RCIGU ņ CPF JCU HKPG RNCVGU? $KPFKPI HCKNKPI CV OKF RQKPV 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT +ORQTVCPV UECTEG CPF UWRGTDN[ KNNWUVTCVGF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP )TKGTUQP

.G 4KFGT )GQTIGU .' /100#;#)' &ŉ#4)'06 '6 &ŉ14 &' 2*+.+22' ++ (4#22 '0 /#% &1+0' &' 2CTKU .CTIG VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU HQNF KPI OCR HKPG RNCVGU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP -TQJ

.KCORK -CVGTKPK &'4 /#-'&10+5%*' 5%*+.& $QPP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZKX RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG +PENWFGU C UWDUVCPVKCN PWOKUOCVKE UGEVKQP

.KCORK -CVGTKPK #4)+.15 # *+5614+%#. #0& 07/+5/#6+% 567&; #VJGPU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 6JG HKTUV UWDUVCPVKCN UVWF[ QH #TIKNQU &CGJP Ō# RQNKVKECN CPF GEQPQOKE JKUVQT[ QH CPEKGPV #TIKNQU CPF $KUCNVKC YKVJ C FGVCKNGF GZCOKPCVKQP QH VJG EQKPCIG HTQO CTEJCKE VQ ENCUUKECN VKOGU +PENWFGU C EQTRWU QH EQKP V[RGU Ō

/ÎTMJQNO 1VVQ '#4.; *'..'0+56+% %1+0#)' (41/ 6*' #%%'55+10 1( #.':#0 &'4 61 6*' 2'#%' 1( #2#/'# ņ $ % %CODTKFIG 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZZKK RCIGU OCRU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG &CGJP Ō# HWNN UVWF[ QH GCTN[ *GNNGPKUVKE EQKPCIG Ō

0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 CPF 5[FPG[ 2 0QG 6*' #.':#0&'4 %1+0#)' 1( 5+%;10 #4 4#0)'& (41/ 016'5 1( '&9#4& 6 0'9'.. 9+6* %1//'065 #0& #&&+6+105 $; 5;&0'; 2 01' 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0Q &CGJP Ō# ECVCNQIWG QH UGXGPV[ XCTKGVKGU QH VJG #NGZCPFGT V[RG EQKPCIG OKPVGF CV 5KE[QP +PENWFGU EQOOGPVCT[ QP EJTQPQNQI[ V[RGU CPF U[ODQNU +PFKEGU QH U[ODQNU CPF OQPQITCOU Ō

GREEK COINS

1N¼C[ 0GMTKOCP CPF *GPTK 5G[TKI 64 5145 /10 6#+4'5 5 .'7%+&'5 + .' 64 514 &' /'-6'2+0+ '0 2*4;)+' 2CTKU VQ DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU %QPVGORQTCT[ TGXKGY VKRRGF KP (KPG 8GT[ UECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK CPF Ō%QKPU QH #NGZCPFGT VJG )TGCV .[UKOCEJWU GCTN[ 5GNGWEKFU CPF NCVG /CEGFQPKCPU Ō &CGJP

2TQMQRQX +N[C &+' 5+.$'424 )70) &'4 +05'. 6*#515 70& &+' 6'64#&4#%*/'0 &'5 6*#5+5%*'0 6;25 81/ ņ ,#*4*70&'46 8 %*4 $GTNKP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG # UWDUVCPVKCN YQTM &CGJP Ō%CVCNQIWG QH VJG UKNXGT EQKPU QH 6JCUQU CPF VJG VGVTCFTCEJOU QH 6JCUKCP V[RG HTQO VJG UGEQPF VQ VJG HKTUV EGPVWT[ $ % Ō

6JQORUQP /CTICTGV #.':#0&'4ŉ5 &4#%*/ /+065 + 5#4&'5 #0& /+.'675 0GY ;QTM #05 RCIGU RNCVGU =YKVJ? 6JQORUQP /CTICTGV #.':#0&'4ŉ5 &4#%*/ /+065 ++ .#/25#%75 #0& #$;&75 0GY ;QTM #05 RCIGU RNCVGU $QVJ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV (KPG =YKVJ? $GNNKPIGT #NHTGF 4 '55#;5 10 6*' %1+0#)' 1( #.':#0&'4 6*' )4'#6 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU OCR HKPG RNCVGU %QPVGORQTCT[ TGXKGY NCKF KP 5OCNN VGCT VQ JCNH VKVNG PGCT HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0QU CPF &CGJP CPF Ō4GXKGYU XCTKQWU VJGQTKGU HQT VJG KFGPVKHKEC VKQP CPF QTKIKPU QH VJG #VJGPC CPF 0KMG QP #NGZCPFGTŉU IQNF UVCVGTU VJG *GTCENGU CPF <GWU QP VJG UKNXGT EQKPCIG CPF VJG *GTCMNGU CPF DQY QP VJG DTQP\G TGXGTUGŌ

6TQZGNN *[NC # 567&+'5 +0 6*' /#%'&10+#0 %1+0#)' 1( #.':#0&'4 6*' )4'#6 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0Q &CGJP

6JTCEG CPF VJG +UNCPFU

#PQMJKP 8 # ÌÎÍÅÒÍÎÅ ÄÅËÎ ÕÅÐÑÎÍÅÑÀ. -KGX (KTUV GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU %QXGTU YQTP 8GT[ IQQF =YKVJ? #PQMJKP 8 # ÌÎÍÅÒÛ ÀÍÒÈ×ÍÛÕ ÃÎÐÎÄÎÂ ÑÅÂÅÐÎ-ÇÀÏÀÄÍÎÃÎ ÏÐÈ×ÅÐÍÎÌÎÐÜSS. -KGX XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU OQPQITCO RNCVG (KPG 6JG HKTUV VKVNG KU VJG QTKIKPCN 4WUUKCP GFKVKQP QH VJKU KORQTVCPV YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP 6JG UGEQPF KU C UKIPKHKECPV YQTM QP VJG EQKPU QH VJG CPEKGPV EKVKGU QH VJG PQTVJYGUV $NCEM 5GC EQCUV &CGJP

#PQMJKP 8 # 6*' %1+0#)' 1( %*'4510'575 +8 %'0674; $ % ņ:++ %'0674; # & 1ZHQTF VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG $#4 +PVGTPCVKQPCN 5GTKGU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

$WNICTUMC #MCFGOKLC PC 0CWMKVG ÑÅÂÒÎÏÎËÈÑ. Òîìà + CPF ++ 5QHKC VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG CPF ITGGP RTKPVGF ENQVJ RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF 6JG HKTUV XQNWOG RTKOCTKN[ EQPEGTPU CPVKSWKVKGU YJKNG VJG UGEQPF XQNWOG KU RTKOCTKN[ PWOKUOCVKE CPF YCU YTKVVGP D[ -COGP &KOKVTQX CPF 8NCFKOKT 2GPEJGX

&KVVTKEJ - #06+-' /ª0<'0 #75 1.$+# 70& 2#06+-#2 7/ 2TCI VQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU EQNQT HTQPVKURKGEG YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF 8GT[ IQQF # ECVCNQIWG QH QH VJG WPWUWCN EQKPU QH 1NDKC CPF QH VJG DGCWVKHWN EQKPU QH 2CPVKECRCGWO VYQ KORQTVCPV EKVKGU QP VJG EQCUV QH VJG $NCEM 5GC #P QXGTUK\G XQNWOG HGCVWTKPI ITGCVN[ GPNCTIGF KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH VJG EQKPU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

&TCICPQX &KOKVCT ÌÎÍÅÒÎÑÅ×ÅÍÅÒÎ ÍÀ ÊÀÁÈËÅ. 5QHKC VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU 'PINKUJ UWOOCT[ 8GT[ IQQF +PHTGSWGPVN[ QHHGTGF

-CTC[QVQX +XCP 6*' %1+0#)' 1( /'5#/$4+# 81. + 5+.8'4 #0& )1.& %1+05 1( /'5#/$4+# 5Q\QRQN %GPVTG QH 7PFGTYCVGT #TEJCGQNQI[ VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV LCEMGV KX ņ RCIGU KPENWFKPI C HWNN RCIG OCR CPF C RCIG QH KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU ,CEMGV C DKV YQTP GNUG HKPG &CGJP Ō# EQORTGJGPUKXG UVWF[ QH VJG UKNXGT CPF IQNF EQKPU QH /GUUGODTKC KPENWFKPI C ECVCNQIWG QH EQKPU CNN KNNWUVTCVGF Ō

.QTDGT %CVJCTKPG % #/2*+21.+5 6*' %+8+% %1+0#)' +0 5+.8'4 #0& )1.& .QU #PIG NGU VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV KX RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG # VJQTQWIJ UVWF[ QH VJGUG HCEKPI JGCF VGVTCFTCEJOU &CGJP

/CTVKP (GTGPE -1.10+#.24 )70)'0 #75 /1'5+# 572'4+14 70& &#%+# $WFCRGUV CPF $QPP VQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0QV KP &CGJP

/C[ , / ( 6*' %1+0#)' 1( #$&'4# ņ $ % (KTUV GFKVKQP .QPFQP %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZK RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU %QTPGT DWOR PGCT HKPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP Ō# FGVCKNGF UVWF[ QH VJG EQKPCIG QH #DFGTC Ō

GREEK COINS

2GVGT 7NTKMG &+' /ª0<'0 &'4 6*4#-+5%*'0 &;0#56'0 ņ ,#*4*70&'46 8 %*4 *+06'4)4ª0&' +*4'4 24 )70) $GTNKP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU OCR ECTF JQWUGF KP C RQEMGV CV VJG GPF %QXGT FKUEQNQTCVKQP GNUG HKPG &CGJP 5GWTG )GQTIGU 0+%121.+5 #& +564+7/ 67&' *+5614+37' '6 2+)4#2*+37' #P IGTU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU OCR HQNFKPI VCDNG RNCVG 9TCRU FGVCEJGF CPF EJKRRGF QVJGT NKIJV EJKRRKPI +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT )QQF # TCTG UVCPF CNQPG RWDNKECVKQP HTQO VJG 4GXWG CTEJ¾QNQIKSWG.

5GWTG )GQTIGU #4%* 1.1)+' 6*4#%' &1%7/'065 +0 &+65 17 2'7 %10075 &'7:+ /' 5'4+'5 24'/+ 4' 2#46+' +05%4+26+105 2CTKU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU .CEMKPI TGCT YTCR (KPCN UKIPCVWTG NQQUG UQOG EJKRRKPI )QQF 3WKVG UECTEG 6QRCNQX 5VCXTK 6*' 1&4;5+#0 -+0)&1/ (41/ 6*' .#6' 6* 61 6*' /+& 6* % $ % %1064+$76+105 61 6*' 567&; 1( +65 %1+0#)' #0& *+5614; 5QHKC 5OCNN XQ DTQYP ENQVJ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN HTQPV ECTF EQXGT OQWPVGF RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG =YKVJ? 6QRCNQX 5VCXTK ÌÅÑÀÌÁÐÈSS ÏÎÍÒÈÊÀ. ÏÐÈÍÎÑÈ ÊÚÌ ÏÐÎÓ×ÂÀÍÅ ÌÎÍÅÒÎÑÅ×ÅÍÅÒÎ ÍÀ ÃÐÀÄÀ 8ņ+ Â. ÏÐ. Í. Å. / /'55#/$4+# 2106+%# %1064+$76+10 61 6*' 567&; 6*' %1+0 /+06+0) 1( 6*' %+6; 6* 56 % $ % 5QHKC 5OCNN XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF /CKPN[ KP $WNICTKCP YKVJ UWDUVCPVKCN 'PINKUJ UWOOCT[ (KPG =YKVJ? 6QRCNQX 5VCXTK ÎÄÅÑÎÑ. ÏÐÈÍÎÑÈ ÊÚÌ ÏÐÎÓ×ÂÀÍÅ ÌÎÍÅÒÎÑÅ×ÅÍÅÒÎ ÍÀ ÃÐÀÄÀ +8ņ+ $ ÏÐ. Í. Å. 5QHKC 5OCNN XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 'PINKUJ UWOOCT[ (KPG =YKVJ? 6QRCNQX 5VCXTK +0(14/#6+10 #$176 6*' 70-0190 6;2'5 1( '#4.; 6*4#%+#0 64+$#. #0& 47.'4ŉ5 %1+05 /+06'& +0 6*' 6*ņ 6* % $ % -'26 +0 24+8#6' %1..'%6+105 #0& 6*' 567&+'5 /#&' 10 6*'+4 $#5+5 5QHKC 5OCNN XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZZK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG =YKVJ? 6QRCNQX 5VCXTK 74$#0 $410<' %1+05 1( 5/#.. &'01/+0#6+10 (41/ 6*' 2412106+5 #4'# 9+6* +/#)'5 1( # %10+%#. 8'55'. 9+6* 691 *#0&.'5 &;0#56+% 5;/$1. 1( 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' '#4.; 1&4;5+#0 -+0)5 1( 6*' 6*ņ 6* %'0674+'5 $ % 5QHKC 5OCNN XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG (KXG URGEKCNK\GF YQTMU &CGJP CPF HKTUV HQWT VKVNGU 9GUV #NNGP $ (+(6* #0& (1746* %'0674; )1.& %1+05 (41/ 6*' 6*4#%+#0 %1#56 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU HKPG FQWDNG RCIG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q &CGJP Ō# UVWF[ QH VJG RQNKVKECN EQOOGTEKCN CPF PWOKUOCVKE TGNCVKQPU QH VJG EKVKGU QH VJG 6JTCEKCP EQCUV Ō # XGT[ UECTEG RWDNKECVKQP ;QWTQWMQXC ;QTFCPMC %1+05 1( 6*' #0%+'06 6*4#%+#05 1ZHQTF VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG $#4 5WRRNGOGPVCT[ 5GTKGU 5ECTEG &CGJP )TKGTUQP -TQJ ŌVJG QPN[ FGEGPV TGHGTGPEG HQT VJG NCVGT 6JTCEKCP MKPIU Ō

<QITCH # 0 ÌÎÍÅÒÛ ÒÈÐÛ. /QUEQY XQ QTKIKPCN ENQVJ DCEMGF RTKPVGF DQCTFU

RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF # UWDUVCPVKCN YQTM QP VJG CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU QH 6[TC 5CTOCVKC %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

0QTVJGTP )TGGEG 6JGUUCN[ VQ %QTE[TC

'MFQUG VQP 2JKNQP VW 0QOKUOCVKMW /WUGKW %1+05 +0 6*' 6*'55#.+#0 4')+10 /+065 %+4%7.#6+10 +%101)4#2*; *+5614; #0%+'06 $;<#06+0' /1&'40 241%''&+0)5 1( 6*' 6*+4& 5%+'06+(+% /''6+0) #VJGPU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 1βολÉς . # UKIPKHKECPV EQNNGEVKQP QH GUUC[U KP )TGGM 'PINKUJ CPF (TGPEJ (TCPMG 2GVGT 4QDGTV &+' #06+-'0 /ª0<'0 810 '2+475 $#0& + 21.'+5 56 //' 70& '2+416+5%*'4 $70& $+5 8 %*4 -#6#.1) 70& 706'457%*70)'0 6':6 70& 6#('.0 9KGUDCFGP (TCP\ 5VGKPGT 6YQ XQNWOGU JQWUGF KP QTKIKPCN UNKRECUG VQ QTKIK PCN OCVEJKPI DNWG ENQVJ DKPFKPI CPF RNCVG HQNFGT IKNV ZX RCIGU VCDNGU HQNFKPI HQNFKPI OCR HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP .CXXC 5VGNNC &+' /ª0<24 )70) 810 2*#45#.15 5CCTDTÒEMGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZKZ RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 5CCTDTÒEMGT 5VWFKGP \WT #TEJ·QNQIKG WPF #NVGP )GUEJKEJVG $CPF &CGJP Ō# U[UVGOCVKE ENCUUKHKECVKQP QH VJG UKNXGT CPF DTQP\G EQKP V[RGU QH 2JCTUCNQU KP 6JGUUCN[ő +PENWFGU KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH CNN V[RGU CPF C EQORNGVG ECVCNQIWG Ō

1GEQPQOKFGU /CPFQ Η ΝΟΜΙΣΜΑΤΟΚΟΠΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΝΙΚΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ #VJGPU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZZ RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG $KDNKQVJ¼M¼ V¼U #VJ¼PCKU #TEJCKQNQIKMGU 'VCKTGKCU CT %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

GREEK COINS

4CXGN 1UECT 6*' Ō%1.65Ō 1( #/$4#%+# 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF VCP ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG FQWDNG RCIG RNCVGU QH EQKPU .KIJV YGCT PGCT HKPG QT UQ 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q 5ECTEG CPF KORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō'ZCOKPGU VJG %QTKPVJKCP V[RG UVCVGTU QH #ODTCEKC KP 'RKTWUő 6JG ECVCNQIWG QH V[RGU NKUVU EQKPU +PENWFGU EQOOGPVCT[ QP VJG V[RGU VJG UGSWGPEG QH FKGU CPF YGKIJV UVCPFCTFU Ō

%GPVTCN )TGGEG #ECTPCPKC VQ %QTKPVJKC

(KUEJGT $QUUGTV 9QNHICPI 6*' #6*'0+#0 &'%#&4#%*/ 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIK PCN ETGCO ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV Z RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q 6JG HKTUV OCLQT UVWF[ QH %NCUUKECN #VJGPKCP EQKPU KP FGECFGU

*GCF $CTENC[ 8 10 6*' %*4101.1)+%#. 5'37'0%' 1( 6*' %1+05 1( $1'16+# .QPFQP (KTUV UGRCTCVG GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU XGT[ HKPG CWVQV[RG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5RKPG FKUEQNQTCVKQP YJGTG NCDGN TGOQXGF 0GCT HKPG #P KORQTVCPV GCTN[ YQTM D[ *GCF 9JKNG VJG EJTQPQNQI[ QH VJGUG EQKPU JCU DGGP CFLWUVGF QXGT VJG [GCTU VJKU XQNWOG UVKNN JCU EQPUKFGTCDNG PWOKUOCVKE XCNWG 'Z ,QJP /CXTQIQTFCVQ YKVJ JKU PWOKUOCVKE DQQMRNCVG &CGJP

-TQNN ,QJP * CPF #NCP 5 9CNMGT 6*' #6*'0+#0 #)14# 4'57.65 1( ':%#8#6+105 %10&7%6'& $; 6*' #/'4+%#0 5%*11. 1( %.#55+%#. 567&+'5 #6 #6*'05 81. 7/' ::8+ 6*' )4''- %1+05 2TKPEGVQP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV ZZXK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU RNCPU (KPG +ORQTVCPV &CGJP Ō# ECVCNQIWG QH VJG KFGPVKHKCDNG EQKPU HQWPF FWTKPI GZECXCVKQPU KP #VJGPU ņ /QUV QH VJG EQKPU CTG #VJGPKCP DTQP\GU HTQO VJG HQWTVJ EGPVWT[ $ % VJTQWIJ VJG VJKTF EGPVWT[ # & Ō /KNDCPM 5COWGN 4 6*' %1+0#)' 1( #')+0# 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG FQWDNGņRCIG HQNFKPI RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI EQKP V[RGU 5RKPG C DKV YGCM CV RNCVGU CU WUWCN GNUG HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP -TQJ

/QWUVCMC #NKMK -7.6' 70& /;6*'0 #7( 6*'55#.+5%*'0 /ª0<'0 9ÒT\DWTI XQ [GNNQY ENQVJ DCEMGF OCTDNGF DQCTFU QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU RNCVGU OCKPN[ FGRKEVKPI EQKPU (KPG $GKVT·IG \WT #TEJ·QNQIKG &CGJP Ō+PENWFGU C ECVCNQIWG QH 6JGUUCNKCP EQKPU +PFGZ QH EKVKGU V[RGU MKPIU Ō

2KECTF 1NKXKGT %*#.%+5 '6 .# %10( & 4#6+10 '7$ '00' 67&' &' 07/+5/# 6+37' '6 &ŉ*+561+4' +8'ņ+'4 5+ %.' (KTUV GFKVKQP #VJGPU CPF 2CTKU VQ QTKIKPCN VCP ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP DNCEM RCIGU HQNFKPI VCDNG HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG -TQJ HQWT UVCTU

5JGCT ,QUGRJKPG 2 #6*'0+#0 +/2'4+#. %1+0#)' 4GRTKPVGF HTQO *GURGTKC 8QNWOG 8 0Q VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU 2NCVGU ++ņ+: &KUDQWPF CPF KP RQQT QXGTCNN EQPFKVKQP # TGCFKPI EQR[ 4CTG (TQO VJG #OGTKECP 'ZECXCVKQPU KP VJG #VJGPKCP #IQTC 6GPVJ 4GRQTV

5VCTT %JGUVGT ) #6*'0+#0 %1+0#)' ņ $ % (KTUV GFKVKQP 1ZHQTF XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV XKKK RCIGU VCDNGU RNCVGU (KPG +ORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō2TGUGPVU C PGY EJTQPQNQIKECN CTTCPIGOGPV QH VJG EQKPCIG QH #VJGPU DGVYGGP ņ $ % TGXKUKPI VJG EJTQPQNQIKGU RTQRQUGF D[ 5XQTQPQU CPF 5GNVOCP Ō )TKGTUQP -TQJ HQWT UVCTU

6UCPICTK &KOKVTC + %14275 &'5 /100#+'5 &ŉ14 &ŉ#4)'06 '6 &' $410<' &' .# %10( & 4#6+10 61.+'00' #VJ½PGU VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KPENWFKPI RCIGU QH VCDNGU RNCVGU CPF C OCR (KPG # UKIPKHKECPV TGEGPV RWDNKECVKQP &CGJP Ō6JKU ECVCNQIWG GUVCDNKUJGU C PGY EJTQPQNQI[ HQT VJG #KVQNKCP .GCIWG EQKPCIG +PENWFGU EQKPU IQNF UKNXGT CPF DTQP\G Ō

2GNQRQPPGUQU CPF +UNCPFU

$GPPGT 5VGXG / #%*#+#0 .'#)7' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 4& 6*417)* 56 %'0674+'5 $%' .CPECUVGT VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT IKNV LCEMGV XKKK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG # UQNKF QXGTXKGY QH VJG UKNXGT CPF DTQP\G EQKPU &CGJP

%COOCPP ,GCP $ 6*' 5;/$1.5 10 56#6'45 1( %14+06*+#0 6;2' # %#6#.1)7' 0GY ;QTM #05 RCIGU HTQPVKURKGEG HKPG RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q 4CVJGT UECTEG CPF KORQTVCPV &CGJP Ō#V NGCUV QPG KNNWUVTCVKQP KU IKXGP QH GCEJ U[ODQN CPF VJG KNNWUVTCVKQPU CTG PWODGTGF VQ EQTTGURQPF YKVJ VJG CNRJCDGVKECN NKUVKPI Ō

)TCPFLGCP %CVJGTKPG .'5 /'55 0+'05 &' #7 '4 5+ %.' &' 0164' 4' /10 0#;#)'5 '6 *+561+4' #VJ½PGU XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU ZXKKK RCIGU OCR RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV TGEGPV YQTM

GREEK COINS

)TWPCWGT XQP *QGTUEJGNOCPP 5WUCPPG &+' /ª0<24 )70) &'4 .#-'&#+/10+'4 $GTNKP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV ZZKK RCIGU EJCTVU HQNFKPI CPF RTKPVGF KP EQNQTU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG &GWVUEJGU #TEJ·QNQIKUEJGU +PUVKVWV #PVKMG /ÒP\GP WPF IGUEJPKVVGPG 5VGKPG $CPF 8++ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

9CTTGP ,GPPKHGT # 9 6*' $410<' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' #%*#+#0 -1+010 6*' %74 4'0%; 1( # ('&'4#. +&'#. .QPFQP 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV ZXK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU ,CEMGV OCTMGF GNUG HKPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP Ō# FGVCKNGF UVWF[ QH VJG DTQP\G EQKPCIG QH VJG #EJCGCP .GCIWGő GXGT[ MPQYP EQKP KU NKUVGF Ō

%[ENCFGU

*CEMGPU 6QP[ .'5 /100#+'5 'ZVTCKV FW 'ZRNQTCVKQP CTEJ¾QNQIKSWG FG &¾NQU HCKVG RCT Nŉ EQNG (TCP¼CKUG Fŉ#VJ½PGU 2CTKU 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU ņ +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT %QXGTU C DKV FKUEQNQTGF GNUG PGCT HKPG 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF

2CRCIGQTIKCFQW $CPKU %JCTKMNGKC 6*' %1+0#)' 1( -'# #VJGPU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU XKKK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF JCNHVQPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō# EQORTGJGPUKXG UVWF[ QH VJG RQNGKU CPF HGFGTCVKQP OKPVU QH VJG KUNCPF QH -GQU Ō

5JGGF[ -GPPGVJ # 6*' #4%*#+% #0& '#4.; %.#55+%#. %1+0#)'5 1( 6*' %;%.# &'5 .QPFQP 405 VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV XKKK RCIGU RCIGU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q #P QWVUVCPFKPI YQTM &CGJP Ō# EQORTGJGPUKXG UVWF[ QH VJG GCTN[ EQKPCIG QH VJG %[ENCFGU +UNCPFUő +PENWFGU C ECVCNQIWG QH CNN VJG MPQYP EQKPU UVTWEM EC VQ $ % IGPGTCNN[ ITQWRGF D[ TGXGTUG FKG 'ZVGPUKXG DKDNKQITCRJ[ CPF RTQXGPCPEGU # OCLQT EQPVTKDWVKQP VQ QWT WPFGTUVCPF KPI QH VJKU EQKPCIG Ō

#UKC /KPQT )GPGTCN 9QTMU

9GKFCWGT .KUGNQVVG 241$.'/' &'4 (4ª*'0 '.'-641024 )70) (TKDQWTI XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 6[RQU /QPQITCRJKGP \WT CPVKMGP 0WOKUOCVKM $CPF + #P KORQTVCPV YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō#P KORQTVCPV GZCOKPCVKQP QH GCTN[ GNGEVTWO EQKPCIG Ō

$QURQTWU

#PQMJKP 8 # ÌÎÍÅÒÍÎÅ ÄÅËÎ ÁÎÑÏÎÐÀ. -KGX 5OCNN XQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU OQPQITCO RNCVG (KPG =YKVJ? 4QDGTV .QWKU &1%7 /'065 &' .ŉ#5+' /+0'74' / 4+&+10#.' +05%4+26+105 /100#+'5 '6 ) 1)4#2*+' )GP½XG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI EQKPU (KPG (KTUV VKVNG &CGJP 5GEQPF VKVNG *CWVGU ¾VWFGU FW OQPFG IT¾EQ TQOCKP

(TQNQXC 0KPC # &+' (4ª*' /ª0<24 )70) 81/ -+//'4+5%*'0 $1521415 /+66' $+5 #0(#0) ,* 8 %*4 &+' /ª0<'0 &'4 56 &6' 2#06+-#2#+10 6*'1&1 5+# 0;/2*#+10 70& 2*#0#)14+# 519+' &'4 5+0&'4 $GTNKP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU (KPG &CGJP Ō# ECVCNQIWG QH EQKPU HTQO VJG -KPIFQO QH $QURQTWU EQXGTKPI VJG XGT[ DGIKPPKPIU QH $QURQTCP EQKP CIG Ō /CE&QPCNF &CXKF #0 +0641&7%6+10 61 6*' *+5614; #0& %1+0#)' 1( 6*' -+0) &1/ 1( 6*' $1521475 +0%.7&+0) 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 2#06+%#2#'7/ 9+6* Ō#21..10+#Ō #0& Ō/;4/'%+7/Ō 2*#0#)14+# )14)+22+# 5+0&+%75 .+/'0 14 6*' 5+0&1+ 0;/2*#'7/ 6*'1&15+# #0& 6*' -+0)5 1( 6*' %+//'4+#0 $1521475 .CPECUVGT .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV XKK RCIGU OCRU PWOGTQWU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU (KPG %NCUUKECN 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0Q &CGJP ŌC U[UVGOCVKE EJTQPQNQIKECN QXGTXKGY QH VJG TGIKQPŉU OCLQT EQKP V[RGU QH VJG $QURQTCP TWNGTU CTTCPIGF D[ TGIPCN CPF $QURQTCP 'TC [GCTU Ō 5JGNQX & $ ÌÎÍÅÒÍÎÅ ÄÅËÎ ÁÎÑÏÎÐÀ 8+ņ++ $ $ ÄÎ ÍÀØÅÉ ÝÐÛ /QUEQY XQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP ENQVJ CPF RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF 6JG TCTGN[ QHHGTGF QTKIKPCN 4WUUKCP GFKVKQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

2QPVWU $KVJ[PKC

9GKUGT 9QNHITCO -#6#.1) &'4 $+6*;0+5%*'0 /ª0<'0 &'4 5#//.70) &'5 +056+ 6765 (ª4 #.6'467/5-70&' &'4 70+8'45+6 6 <7 -¤.0 $#0& 0+-#+# 1RNCFGP XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU LCEMGV ZZXK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 2CR[TQNQIKEC %QNQPKGPUKC 8QN :+

GREEK COINS

/[UKC 6TQCU

$CNFYKP #IPGU 6*' '.'%647/ %1+0#)' 1( .#/25#-15 (KTUV GFKVKQP 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (TQPV EQXGT VQTP GNUG PGCT HKPG # PQVCDNG YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

$CNFYKP #IPGU .#/25#-15 6*' )1.& 56#6'45 5+.8'4 #0& $410<' %1+0#)'5 0GY ;QTM #OGTKECP ,QWTPCN QH 0WOKUOCVKEU 8QNWOG .+++ 6JKTF (KPCN 2CTV (KTUV GFKVKQP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 1XGTUK\GF ECTF EQXGTU YQTP CPF FGVCEJGF EQPVGPVU PGCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

)TGGPYGNN 9KNNKCO 6*' '.'%647/ %1+0#)' 1( %;<+%75 .QPFQP 4QNNKP CPF (GWCTFGPV (KTUV UGRCTCVG GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV KX RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG # UVTKEVN[ HKPG EQR[ QH VJKU KORQTVCPV YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

-NGKPGT (TGF 5 CPF 5[FPG[ 2 0QG 6*' '#4.; %+5612*14+% %1+0#)' 0GY ;QTM #05 5OCNN VQ TGF ENQVJ RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

/GVECNH 9KNNKCO ' 6*' %+5612*14+ 1( *#&4+#0 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0QU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

2KPFGT / ª$'4 &+' %+5612*14'0 70& ª$'4 &+' -#+5'4.+%*'0 5+.$'4/'&#+. .105 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 2418+0< #5+# $GTNKP #WU FGP #DJCPFNWPIGP FGT -ÌPKIN #MCFGOKG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP \W $GTNKP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU ņ RCIGU VGZV OCR YGNN GPITCXGF RNCVGU QH EQKPU 9TCRU YQTP KPVGTOKVVGPV HQZKPI VQ VGZV VJQWIJ RNCVGU OQUVN[ ENGCP 8GT[ IQQF 8GT[ UECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

5WVJGTNCPF % * 8 6*' %+5612*14+ 1( #7)75675 .QPFQP 405 XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV XKK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP

+QPKC CPF VJG +UNCPFU

$CNFYKP #IPGU 6*' '.'%647/ #0& 5+.8'4 %1+05 1( %*+15 +557'& &74+0) 6*' 5+:6* (+(6* #0& (1746* %'0674+'5 $ % 0GY ;QTM #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ (KTUV GFKVKQP VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DNWG SWCTVGT OQTQEEQ YKVJ OCTDNGF DQCTFU IKNV RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU Ō9KVJ VJG CWVJQTŉU EQORNKOGPVU Ō KPUETKDGF KP RGPEKN # DKV YQTP YKVJ VCRG TGRCKT VQ NGCH CPF CPQVJGT NGCH GPVKTGN[ TGKPHQTEGF YKVJ VKUUWG 8GT[ IQQF QT UQ 4CTG CPF UVKNN KORQTVCPV 'FKVKQP NKOKVGF VQ EQRKGU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō2TGUGPVU C EQPEKUG QXGT XKGY QH VJG PWOKUOCVKE JKUVQT[ QH %JKQU +NNWUVTCVGU CNN VJG EQKP V[RGUő +PENWFGU C NKUV CPF KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQWPVGT HGKVU Ō

$CTTQP ,QJP 2GPTQUG 6*' 5+.8'4 %1+05 1( 5#/15 (KTUV GFKVKQP .QPFQP #VJNQPG %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT ZKK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG # EQORTGJGPUKXG UVWF[ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP )TKGTUQP

$QFGPUVGFV (TKGFTKEJ 2*1- +5%*'5 '.'-6410 )'.& 810 ņ 8 %*4 /CKP\ CO 4JGKP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

&GRRGTV .KRRKV\ $CTDCTC &+' /ª0<24 )70) /+.'65 81/ 8+'46'0 $+5 '456'0 ,#*4*70&'46 8 %*4 #CTCW XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 6[RQU /QPQITCRJKGP \WT CPVKMGP 0WOKUOCVKM $CPF 8 &CGJP

*GCF $CTENC[ 8 10 6*' %*4101.1)+%#. 5'37'0%' 1( 6*' %1+05 1( '2*'575 (KTUV UGRCTCVG GFKVKQP .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV XK RCIGU HKPG CWVQV[RG RNCVGU $KPFKPI ENQVJ VQTP CPF UVCKPGF YKVJ VGZV DNQEM FGVCEJGF )QQF #P KORQTVCPV YQTM &CGJP

-CTYKGUG 5VGHCP &+' /ª0<24 )70) 810 '2*'515 + &+' #0( 0)' &+' .6'56'0 24 )70)'0 70& &'4 $')+00 &'4 /ª0<24 )70) ª$'4*#726 -ÌNP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU (KPG &CGJP Ō# UVWF[ QH VJG HKTUV EQKPU QH 'RJGUQU UVTWEM KP GNGEVTWO CPF UKNXGT RTGUGPVGF YKVJKP VJGKT JKUVQTKECN HTCOGYQTM Ō

GREEK COINS

/KNPG , ) -1.12*10 #0& +65 %1+0#)' # 567&; 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG FQWDNG RCIG RNCVGU +PUVKVWVKQPCN NCDGN PGCT HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō# FGVCKNGF FKUEWUUKQP QH VJG EQKPU QH -QNQRJQP HTQO VJGKT DGIKPPKPI EC $ % VJTQWIJ VJG 4QOCP RGTKQFő .KUVU V[RGU +PENWFGU C VCDNG QH OKPVKPI QHHKEKCNU Ō

9KNNKCOU 4QFGTKEM 6 5+.8'4 %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 2*1-+#05 .QPFQP 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV KZ RCIGU OCR RNCVGU ,CEMGV TWDDGF GNUG HKPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP )TKGTUQP -TQJ HQWT CPF QPG JCNH UVCTU ŌCP GZEGNNGPV FKG UVWF[ QH VJKU UGTKGU Ō

%CTKC CPF VJG +UNCPFU

#MCTEC #UMKFKN .'5 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 &' /;.#5# 2CTKU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HQNFKPI VCDNG HKPG RNCVGU 7PQRGPGF (KPG 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP Ō*GNN¾PKUVKSWGU GV IT¾EQ KOR¾TKCNGU Ō

/CE&QPCNF &CXKF 6*' %1+0#)' 1( #2*41&+5+#5 .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV ZK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP Ō# EQORNGVG ECVCNQIWG CPF FKG UVWF[ QH VJG EQKPCIG QH #RJTQFKUKCU HQEWUKPI QP VJG 4QOCP 2TQXKPEKCN EQKPCIG KP DTQP\G Ō

.[FKC 2JT[IKC

#WNQEM *CPU XQP /ª0<'0 70& 56 &6' 2*4;)+'05 6GKN + ++ 6ÒDKPIGP CPF 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI TGF ECTF EQXGTU LCEMGVU RCIGU HQNFKPI OCR RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG +UVCPDWNGT /KVVGKNWPIGP $GKJGHV CPF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 6GKN +

+OJQQH $NWOGT ( &+' /ª0<'0 &'4 -+.$+#0'4 +0 .;&+'0 1HHRTKPV HTQO VJG 0WOKUOCVKUEJG <GKVUEJTKHV XQ NCVGT DNCEM ENQVJ DCEMGF DQCTFU RCIGU HKPG RNCVG QH EQKPU (KPG 4CTG.

.KP\CNQPG ,QUGRJ '.'%647/ #0& 6*' +08'06+10 1( %1+0#)' 0 R XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGV ZX RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT (KPG =YKVJ? 4COCIG #PFTGY CPF 2CWN %TCFFQEM -+0) %41'575ŉ )1.& ':%#8#6+105 #6 5#4 &+5 #0& 6*' *+5614; 1( )1.& 4'(+0+0) .QPFQP $TKVKUJ /WUGWO VQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG (KTUV VKVNG KU C YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF TGEGPV YQTM &CGJP 5GEQPF VKVNG &CGJP

.[EKC

#WNQEM *CPU XQP &+' /ª0<24 )70) &'5 )14&+#0 +++ 70& &'4 64#037+..+0# +0 .;-+'0 6ÒDKPIGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF TGF ECTF EQXGTU LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU CU KUUWGF NQQUG KP RQEMGV (KPG =YKVJ? #WNQEM *CPU XQP /ª0<'0 70& 56 &6' .;-# 10+'05 6ÒDKPIGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF TGF ECTF EQXGTU LCEMGV RCIGU HQNFKPI OCR RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG +UVCPDWNGT /KVVGKNWPIGP $GKJGHV CPF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK CPF

(GNNQYU %JCTNGU %1+05 1( #0%+'06 .;%+# $'(14' 6*' 4'+)0 1( #.':#0&'4 9+6* #0 '55#; 10 6*' 4'.#6+8' &#6'5 1( 6*' .;%+#0 /107/'065 +0 6*' $4+6+5* /75'7/ .QPFQP ,QJP /WTTC[ XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU HTQPVKURKGEG HQNFKPI EQNQT OCR GPITCXGF EJTQPQNQIKECN VCDNG GPITCXGF RNCVGU QH EQKPU GCEJ RTGEGFGF D[ C FGUETKRVKXG NGCH QH VGZV %QXGTU FKUEQNQTGF CPF URQVVGF XGT[ IQQF 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō#P GZCOKPCVKQP QH VJG GCTN[ .[EKCP EQKPU RTG $ % YKVJ C IQCN QH GUVCDNKUJKPI VJGKT QTFGT QT FCVG Ō

*GKRR 6COGT %JTKUVKPG &+' /ª0<24 )70) &'4 .;-+5%*'0 56#&6 2*#5'.+5 +0 )4+'%*+5%*'4 <'+6 5CCTDTÒEMGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 5CCTDTÒEMGT 5VWFKGP \WT #TEJ·QNQIKG WPF #NVGP )GUEJKEJVG $CPF 8+ 5ECTEG &CGJP

/ÎTMJQNO 1VVQ CPF ,CP <CJNG 6*' %1+0#)'5 1( -724..+ -ÎDGPJCXP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU +PUETKDGF D[ /ÎTMJQNO 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? /ÎTMJQNO 1VVQ CPF ,CP <CJNG 6*' %1+0#)'5 1( 6*' .;%+#0 &;0#565 -*'4+)# -*'4'+ #0& '4$$+0# # 07/+5/#6+% #0& #4%*#'1.1)+%#. 567&; -ÎDGPJCXP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU +P UETKDGF D[ /ÎTMJQNO 0GCT HKPG $QVJ VKVNGU TGRTKPVGF HTQO #EVC #TEJCGQNQIKEC 8QNU CPF 8GT[ UECTEG 6JG UGEQPF YQTM KU C EQPVKPWCVKQP QH VJG HKTUV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK CPF &CGJP CPF

GREEK COINS

2CORJ[NKC

#VNCP 5CDCJCV 5+&'0+0 /+.#66#0 ¤0%' 8 8' +8 ;ª<;+. 5+--'.'4+ ª<'4+0&' #4#Q6+4/#.#4 706'457%*70)'0 ª$'4 &+' 5+&'6+5%*'0 /ª0<'0 &'5 8 70& +8 ,#*4*70&'465 8 %*4 #PMCTC 5OCNN HQNKQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ CPF RTKPVGF DQCTFU ZZK RCIGU VCDNGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG # XGT[ UECTEG YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō'ZCOKPGU VJG EQKPCIG QH 5KFG KP 2CORJ[NKC Ō #VNCP 5CDCJCV ņ ;+..#4+ 5+&' -#<+.#4+ 5+4#5+0&# '.&' '&+.'0 5+--'.'4 #PMCTC 5OCNN HQNKQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ CPF RTKPVGF DQCTFU ZKX RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG #PVCN[C $ÌNIGUKPFTG #TCqVKTOCNCT 5C )GQTIGU .G 4KFGTŉU EQR[

%QNKP *CPU , &+' /ª0<'0 810 2'4)' +0 2#/2*;.+'0 #75 *'..'0+56+5%*'4 <'+6 -ÌNP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DNWG DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? (TCPMG 2 4 9 .GUEJJQTP $ /ÒNNGT CPF , 0QNN¾ 5+&' /ª0<24 )70) +05%*4+(6'0 70& )'5 %*+%*6' '+0'4 #06+-'0 56#&6 +0 &'4 6ª4-'+ 5CCTDTÒEMGP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF KPENWFKPI HQNFKPI RNCP (KPG 9KVJ GCTNKGT FTCHV KP RJQVQEQR[ HQTO (KTUV YQTM &CGJP 5GEQPF KU C ECVCNQIWG HTQO VJG -WPUVJKUVQTKUEJGU /WUGWO /ÒP\MCDKPGV 9KGP

2KUKFKC

#WNQEM *CPU XQP /ª0<'0 70& 56 &6' 2+5+&+'05 6GKN + CPF ++ 6ÒDKPIGP CPF 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI RTKPVGF TGF ECTF EQXGTU LCEMGVU RCIGU EQKP RNCVGU RCIGU OCR RNCVG EQKP RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG +UVCPDWNGT /KVVGKNWPIGP $GKJGHV CPF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK -T\[yCPQYUMC #NGMUCPFTC /100#+'5 %1.10+#.'5 &ŉ#06+1%*' &' 2+5+&+' 9CTU\CYC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU VCDNGU UQOG HQNFKPI FKCITCOU ITCRJU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

%[RTWU

+CEQXQW /CTKC /100#+'5 &' %*;24' &ŉ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

%CRRCFQEKC

5KOQPGVVC #NDGTVQ / 6*' %1+05 1( 6*' %#22#&1%+#0 -+0)5 # 4'8+5+10 #0& # %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' 5+/10'66# %1..'%6+10 +P 2CTVJKEC 4QOC VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF =5KOQPGVVCŉU YQTM VCMGU WR OWEJ QH VJG XQNWOG? (KPG # UECTEG TGXKUKQP QH VJG $QPQ 5KOQPGVVC YQTM &CGJP C 5KOQPGVVC $QPQ 6*' %1+05 1( 6*' %#22#&1%+#0 -+0)5 (TKDQWTI XQ QTKIKPCN ETKOUQP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 6[RQU /QPQITCRJKGP \WT CPVKMGP 0WOKUOCVKM $CPF ++ &CGJP

#TOGPKC

$GFQWMKCP 2CWN < %1+0#)' 1( 6*' #46#:+#&5 1( #4/'0+# .QPFQP 405 XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZKK RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

5[TKC +PENWFKPI 5GNGWEKFU

&W /GUPKN FW $WKUUQP 4QDGTV %QOVG 6'55 4'5 '6 /100#+'5 &' 2#./;4' 2.#0%*'5 2CTKU $KDNKQVJ½SWG 0CVKQPCNG %CDKPGV FGU /¾FCKNNGU GV #PVKSWGU VQ NQQUG CU KUUWGF KP VJG QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ DCEMGF RTKPVGF HQNFGT YKVJ UKNM VKGU RCIGU HKPG RJQVQV[RKG RNCVGU 5QOGYJCV YQTP CV OCTIKPU XGT[ IQQF 'Z 4GPC 'XGNRKFGU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK *QQXGT 1NKXGT & %1+05 1( 6*' 5'.'7%+& '/2+4' (41/ 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( #4 6*74 *17)*610 2#46 ++ 0GY ;QTM VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZKKK

RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ #PEKGPV %QKPU KP 0QTVJ #OGTKECP %QNNGEVKQPU 0Q &CGJP

GREEK COINS

*QWIJVQP #TVJWT %1+05 1( 6*' 5'.'7%+& '/2+4' (41/ 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( #4 6*74 *17)*610 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTCPIG ENQVJ IKNV ZKX RCIGU HQNFKPI VCDNGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ #PEKGPV %QKPU KP 0QTVJ #OGTKECP %QNNGEVKQPU 0Q &CGJP Ō1PG QH VJG OQUV KORQTVCPV 5GNGWEKF EQNNGEVKQPU GXGT HQTOGF Ō

-TKVV $TKCP 5'.'7%+& %1+05 1( $#%64+# .CPECUVGT XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV Z RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? -TKVV $TKCP 6*' '#4.; 5'.'7%+& /+06 1( 575# .CPECUVGT XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZXKKK RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? -TKVV $TKCP &;0#56+% 64#05+6+105 +0 6*' %1+0#)' 1( $#%64+# #06+1 %*75ņ&+1&1675ņ'76*;&'/75 .CPECUVGT XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZX RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG %NCUUKECN 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0QU CPF &CGJP CPF

0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 6*' (+456 5'.'7%+& %1+0#)' 1( 6;4' 0GY ;QTM #05 RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU .KIJV URKPG YGCT PGCT HKPG =YKVJ? 4QIGTU 'FICT 6*' 5'%10& #0& 6*+4& 5'.'7%+& %1+0#)' 1( 6;4' 0GY ;QTM #05 RCIGU FQWDNG RCIG RNCVGU 'Z NKDTCT[ XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT =YKVJ? 0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 6*' 5'.'7%+& %1+0#)'5 1( 6;4' # 5722.'/'06 0GY ;QTM #05 RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF #NN OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0QU CPF +ORQTVCPV CPF UECTEG &CGJP CPF

0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 6*' 2'4)#/'0' /+06 70&'4 2*+.'6#'475 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ NCVGT DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 .#6' 5'.'7%+& /+065 +0 #-' 261.'/#+5 #0& &#/#5%75 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ NCVGT DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP

RCIGU HKPG FQWDNG RCIG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q CPF &CGJP CPF

0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' '#56'40 5'.'7%+& /+065 (41/ 5'.'7%75 + 61 #06+1%*75 +++ 9+6* # 57//#4; 1( 4'%'06 5%*1.#45*+2 #&&+6+105 #0& %144'%6+105 $; 1661 /Î4-*1./ 0GY ;QTM TGRTKPV KZ RCIGU OCR RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 9'56'40 5'.'7%+& /+065 (41/ 5'.'7%75 + 61 #06+1%*75 +++ 9+6* # 57//#4; 1( 4'%'06 5%*1.#45*+2 #&&+6+105 #0& %144'%6+105 $; 1661 /Î4-*1./ 0GY ;QTM TGRTKPV KZ RCIGU OCR RNCVGU $QVJ VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV $KPFKPI C DKV EJKRRGF XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 6JG TGRTKPVU QH #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0QU CPF 'UUGPVKCN &CGJP CPF

4QP\GXCNNG 5 .'5 /100#+'5 &' .# &;0#56+' &' #$& *#&#& '6 .'5 %7.6'5 &' *+ 4#21.+5 $#/$;% $G[TQWVJ 6CNN XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF 4CTG

5G[TKI *GPTK 016'5 10 5;4+#0 %1+05 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? $GNNKPIGT #NHTGF 4 6*' '0& 1( 6*' 5'.'7%+&5 0GY *CXGP 6TCPUCEVKQPU QH VJG %QPPGEVKEWV #ECFGO[ QH #TVU CPF 5EKGPEGU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU 7PQRGPGF 0GCT HKPG (KTUV YQTM 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP 6JG UGEQPF YQTM KU TCTG

2JQGPKEKC

'NC[K , CPF # ) 64 5145 &' /100#+'5 2*'0+%+'00'5 '6 %+4%7.#6+10 /10' 6#+4' 8'ņ+8' 5+ %.'5 #8#06 , % 2CTKU XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG &KUEWUUGU JQCTFU QH 2JQGPKEKCP EQKPU 2WDNKUJGF CU C UWRRNGOGPV VQ VJG UEJQNCTN[ UGTKGU 6TCPUGWRJTCV½PG &CGJP

'NC[K , CPF # ) 'NC[K .' /100#;#)' &' .# %+6 2* 0+%+'00' &' 5+&10 .ŉ 2137' 2'45' 8' +8' 5 #8 , % 2CTKU 6YQ XQNWOGU (KTUV GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU VCDNGU ITCRJU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG &CGJP Ō# ECVCNQIWG QH EQKPU HTQO VJG 2GTUKCP RGTKQF HKHVJ CPF HQWTVJ EGPVWTKGU $ % Ō

'NC[K , CPF # ) 'NC[K 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 2*1'0+%+#0 %+6; 1( 6;4' +0 6*' 2'45+#0 2'4+1& 6*ņ 6* %'06 $%' .GWXGP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU VCDNGU ITCRJU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG &CGJP Ō# EQTRWU QH 6[TKCP EQKPCIG KP VJG 2GTUKCP RGTKQF HKHVJ VQ HQWTVJ EGPVWTKGU $ % Ō

*CEMGPU 6QP[ CPF )JKUNCPG /QWEJCTVG =GFKVQTU? 07/+5/#6+37' '6 *+561+4' %101/+37' 2* 0+%+'00'5 '6 270+37'5 .QWXCKP NC 0GWXG VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV ZKKK RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU (KPG 5VWFKC 2JQGPKEKC +: 0WOKUOCVKEC .QXCPKGPUKC &CGJP

GREEK COINS

#TCDKC /GUQRQVCOKC 'N[OCKU

%CUVGNKP -CTGN 1 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 4*'5#'0# +0 /'51216#/+# 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 51/' 7027$.+5*'& %1+05 1( '#56'40 &;0#565 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU 0QVCVKQP QP EQXGT GNUG HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0QU CPF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK HKTUV VKVNG &CGJP UGEQPF VKVNG

*WVJ /CTVKP CPF 2GVGT ) 8CP #NHGP =GFKVQTU? %1+0#)' 1( 6*' %#4#8#0 -+0)&1/5 567&+'5 +0 6*' /10'6+<#6+10 1( #0%+'06 #4#$+# 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIK PCN DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0Q #P KORQTVCPV TGEGPV UVWF[ &CGJP

/WPTQ *C[ 5VWCTV %1+0#)' 1( #4#$+# ('.+: 6*' 24' +5.#/+% %1+0#)' 1( 6*' ;'/'0 /KNCPQ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0QOKUOCVC 8QN 8 &CGJP

XCPŉV *CCHH 2 # %#6#.1)7' 1( '.;/#'#0 %1+0#)' %# $%ņ#& .CPECUVGT VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV XK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG &CGJP Ō# EQORTGJGPUKXG ECVCNQIWG Ō

2CTVJKC

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

0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 2#46*+#05 2JQVQEQRKGF GZVTCEV HTQO # 5WTXG[ QH 2GTUKCP #TVU 2QRG GF (QNKQ NCVGT DNWG ENQVJ ITGGP URKPG NCDGN IKNV 2CIGU ņ HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG Ō) .G 4KFGT 2JQVQEQRKG Ō YTKVVGP KP RGPEKN QP HTQPV HN[NGCH +P HCEV VJKU CRRGCTU VQ DG C XGT[ JKIJ SWCNKV[ TGRTQFWEVKQP YKVJ RNCVGU VJCV TGVCKP VJGKT WVKNKV[ WPFGT C OCIPKH[KPI INCUU

5GNNYQQF &CXKF #0 +0641&7%6+10 61 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 2#46*+# 5GEQPF GFKVKQP .QP FQP XQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP DQCTFU IKNV RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU (KPG 6JG HKPCN GFKVKQP QH VJKU KORQTVCPV YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

2GTUKC CPF 5CUCPKF 'ORKTG

$KXCT # & * =GFKVQT? %14275 +05%4+26+107/ +4#0+%#47/ 2#46 +++ 2#*.#8+ +05%4+26+105 81. 8+ 5'#.5 #0& %1+05 2146(1.+1 + 2.#6'5 +ņ::: -75*#0 #0& -75*#01 5#5#0+#0 5'#.5 #0& -75*#01 5#5#0+#0 %1+05 5#5#0+#0 5'#.5 +0 6*' $4+6+5* /75'7/ .QPFQP (QNKQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ DCEM HQNFGT NCDGN

RCIGU HKPG NQQUG RNCVGU QH UGCNU CPF EQKPU 0GCT HKPG #P KORQTVCPV RWDNKECVKQP VJCV UWEEGGFU KP RNCEKPI VJGUG EQKPU YKVJKP VJGKT RTQRGT JKUVQTKECN EQPVGZV

%WTVKU ,QJP CPF 0KIGN 6CNNKU =GFKVQTU? (14)166'0 '/2+4' 6*' 914.& 1( #0%+'06 2'45+# .QPFQP $TKVKUJ /WUGWO VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG +PENWFGU UQOG PWOKUOCVKE EQPVGPV D[ #PFTGY /GCFQYU

%WTVKU 8GUVC 5CTMJQUJ GV CN 5#5#0+#0 %1+05 # 5;..1)' 1( 6*' 5#5#0+#0 %1+05 +0 6*' 0#6+10#. /75'7/ 1( +4#0 /7<'* /'..+ +4#0 6'*4#0 81.7/' + #4 &#5*+4 +ņ*14/+<& +8 .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU YKVJ HCEKPI VGZV (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q

)ÌDN 4QDGTV &+' /ª0<'0 &'4 5#5#0+&'0 +/ -¤0+).+%*'0 /ª0<-#$+0'66 *##) 6JG *CIWG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU VCDNGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

)ÌDN 4QDGTV 5#5#0+&+5%*' 07/+5/#6+- $TCWPUEJYGKI 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN QTCPIG ENQVJ IKNV XKK RCIGU HQNFKPI OCR VCDNGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 6JG UVCPFCTF YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

GREEK COINS

)[UGNGP 4KMC =GFKVQT? %1064+$76+105 .ŉ*+561+4' '6 .# ) 1)4#2*+' *+5614+37' &' .ŉ'/2+4' 5#55#0+&' $WTGU UWT ;XGVVG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU UQOG KP EQNQT CNN YKVJ HCEKPI VGZV (KPG 4GU 1TKGPVCNGU 8QNWOGP :8+ +PENWFGU )[UGNGPŉU Ō0GY 'XKFGPEG HQT 5CUCPKCP 0WOKUOCVKEU 6JG %QNNGEVKQP QH #JOCF 5CGGFK Ō ECVCNQIWKPI EQKPU

*GCF $CTENC[ 8 6*' %1+0#)' 1( .;&+# #0& 2'45+# (41/ 6*' '#4.+'56 6+/'5 61 6*' (#.. 1( 6*' &;0#56; 1( 6*' #%*º/'0+&º .QPFQP 6JG +PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKU OCVC 1TKGPVCNKC .CTIG VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ ENQVJ IKNV XKKK RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 5ECTEG &CGJP

/QTICP , FG /#07'. &' 07/+5/#6+37' 14+'06#.' &' .ŉ#06+37+6 '6 &7 /1;'0 #)' (CUEKEWNGU + GV ++ 2CTKU ņ XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ TGF ENQVJ DCEMGF OCTDNGF DQCTFU IKNV OCTDNGF GPFRCRGTU QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF HTQPV ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU $KPF KPI UQOGYJCV YQTP XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 6JG HKTUV VYQ RCTVU QH VJKU UVKNN KORQTVCPV YQTM 4CTGN[ UGGP KP VJKU HQTO %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

5[NNQIG 0WOOQTWO 5CUCPKFCTWO 5;..1)' 07//147/ 5#5#0+&#47/ +54#'. 9KGP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG +ORQTVCPV

5[NNQIG 0WOOQTWO 5CUCPKFCTWO 5;..1)' 07//147/ 5#5#0+&#47/ 75$'-+56#0 9KGP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG +ORQTVCPV

$CEVTKC CPF +PFKC

#NNQWEJG .G 2CIG 6J .ŉ#46 /10 6#+4' &'5 41;#7/'5 $#%64+'05 '55#+ &ŉ+06'424 6#6+10 &' .# 5;/$1.+37' 4'.+)+'75' )4 %1 14+'06#.' &7 +++' #7 +'4 5 #8 , % 2CTKU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HTQPVKURKGEG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP )TKGTUQP

$GTPCTF 2CWN (17+..'5 &ŉ#Å -*#017/ +8 .'5 /100#+'5 *145 64 5145 37'5 6+105 &ŉ*+561+4' )4 %1 $#%64+'00' 2CTKU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZKZ

RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG /¾OQKTGU FG NC &¾N¾ICVKQP #TEJ¾QNQIKSWG (TCP¼CKUG GP #HIJCPKUVCP 6QOG ::8+++ 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF &CGJP

$QRGCTCEJEJK 1UOWPF /100#+'5 )4 %1 $#%64+'00'5 '6 +0&1 )4'%37'5 %#6# .1)7' 4#+5100 2CTKU $KDNKQVJ½SWG 0CVKQPCNG VQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU OCRU VCDNGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG # PQVCDNG ECVCNQIWG VJG DGUV CPF OQUV EWTTGPV YQTM QP VJG VQRKE &CGJP

'TTKPIVQP 'NK\CDGVJ CPF 8GUVC 5CTMJQUJ %WTVKU (41/ 2'45'21.+5 61 6*' 270,#$ ':2.14+0) #0%+'06 +4#0 #()*#0+56#0 #0& 2#-+56#0 .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGV ZZ RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG $CUGF QP C EQPHGTGPEG JGNF CV VJG $TKVKUJ /WUGWO KP EQPLWPEVKQP YKVJ CP GZJKDKV QH EQKPU HTQO VJG TGIKQP VJG XQN WOG JGTG KU DTQCFGT KP UEQRG DWV KPENWFGU PWOKUOCVKEU COQPI KVU CTGCU QH EQXGTCIG

)ÌDN 4QDGTV &107/ $7405 &+' -7SB0/ª0<'0 +/ /ª0<-#$+0'66 $'40 70& &+' %*4101.1)+' 9KGP 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN NCOKPCVGF RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG # TCTGN[ QHHGTGF ECVCNQIWG QH -WUJCP EQKPU

.CJKTK # 0 %14275 1( +0&1 )4''- %1+05 %CNEWVVC XQ QTKIKPCN VCP ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP DNCEM LCEMGV ZXKKK RCIGU RNCVGU QH OQPQITCOU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF #P KORQTVCPV YQTM QP VJG CPEKGPV EQKPU QH $CEVTKC CPF +PFKC 'Z NKDTKU ,QGN /CNVGT %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

5GPKQT 4 % 6*' %1+0#)' 1( *'4/#+15 #0& +65 +/+6#6+105 5647%- $; 6*' 5%;6*+#05 .CPECUVGT XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZZKKK RCIGU OCRU EJCTVU RNCVGU (KPG %NCUUKECN 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0Q &CGJP Ō# FGVCKNGF GZCOKPCVKQP Ō

5GPKQT 4 % +0&1 5%;6*+#0 %1+05 #0& *+5614; 81.7/' + #0 #0#.;5+5 1( 6*' %1+0#)' 81.7/' ++ 6*' +..7564#6'& %#6#.1)7' 1( +0&1 5%;6*+#0 #0& +0&1 2#46*+#0 %1+05 81.7/' +++ 6*' ň'#5; (+0&'4ŉ %#6#.1)7' 1( 6;2'5 /101)4#/5 #0& .'66'45 #22'#4+0) 10 +0&1 5%;6*+#0 #0& +0&1 2#46*+#0 %1+05 81.7/' +8 5722.'/'06 .CPECUVGT CPF .QPFQP ņ (QWT XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI DNWG DQCTFU NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGVU X ZXKKK KKK

NX RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG #P KORQTVCPV TGEGPV YQTM &CGJP

GREEK COINS

%GPVTCN #UKC

/KVEJKPGT /KEJCGN 6*' '#4.; %1+0#)' 1( %'064#. #5+# .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU KK RCIGU OCRU RNCVGU 5RKPG VGCT PGCT HKPG # XGT[ KPVGTGUVKPI KH NGUU YGNN MPQYP YQTM D[ VJKU RTQNKHKE CWVJQT &CGJP

#HTKEC +PENWFKPI 2VQNGOCKE

#ESWCTQ 'PTKEQ .' /10'6' 270+%*' &'. /75'1 0#<+10#.' &+ %#).+#4+ %#6 #.1)1 4QOC %QPUKINKQ 0C\KQPCNG FGNNG 4KEGTEJG VQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RCIGU QH HKIWTGU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

#NGZCPFTQRQWNQU ,CESWGU .'5 /100#+'5 &' .ŉ#(4+37' #06+37' #8 , % ņ #2 , % 6QWNQWUG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? $GP 4QOFJCPG -JCNGF 5+ %.'5 &' /100#+'5 670+5+'00'5 6WPKU XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQ TKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG &CGJP HKTUV VKVNG

(KUEJGT $TKIKVVG .'5 /100#+'5 #06+37'5 &ŉ#(4+37' &7 014& 64178 '5 '0 )#7.' 2CTKU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG :::8+G UWRRN¾OGPV ¯ Ō)CNNKC Ō &CGJP

*C\\CTF 4 # 261.'/#+% %1+05 #0 +0641&7%6+10 (14 %1..'%6145 6QTQPVQ XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU Z RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU 6KVNG YTKVVGP QP URKPG (KPG =YKVJ? %WTVKU ,COGU 9 6*' 6'64#&4#%*/5 1( 41/#0 ');26 %JKECIQ (KTUV GFKVKQP OQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG &CGJP HKTUV VKVNG Ō# VJQTQWIJ KPVTQFWEVKQP Ō

,GPMKPU ) - CPF 4 $ .GYKU %#46*#)+0+#0 )1.& #0& '.'%647/ %1+05 .QPFQP 405 VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q &CGJP

.CPINQKU 8KEVQT 07/+5/#6+37' &'5 01/'5 &ŉ );26' 5175 .ŉ#&/+0+564#6+10 41/#+0' 2CTKU # .GNGWZ VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DTQYP SWCTVGT OQTQEEQ IKNV OCTDNGF GPFRC RGTU CNN RCIG GFIGU OCTDNGF XKKK RCIGU HKPG NKVJQITCRJKE RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5RKPG XGT[ YQTP DWV JQNFKPI 5QOG URQVVKPI 8GT[ IQQF QT UQ # ENCUUKE YQTM YTKVVGP D[ QPG QH VJG ITGCVGUV QTKGPVCN PWOKUOCVKUVU QH VJG PKPGVGGPVJ EGPVWT[ 'Z ,QGN /CNVGT

/KNPG , ) CPF %QNKP / -TCC[ %#6#.1)7' 1( #.':#0&4+#0 %1+05 .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV NZXKKK RCIGU HQNFKPI VCDNGU HKPG RNCVGU ,CEMGV C DKV YQTP GNUG PGCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

/WPTQ *C[ 5 % 6*' %1+0#)' 1( #-57/ 0GY &GNJK XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG # PQVCDNG YQTM

/WPTQ *C[ 5VWCTV CPF $GPV ,WGN ,GPUGP #-57/+6' %1+0#)' .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI RKGEGU (KPG # TGXKUKQP CPF GZRCPUKQP QH /WPTQ *C[ŉU 6JG %QKPCIG QH #MUWO.

/WPTQ *C[ 5VWCTV %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' #-57/+6' %1+05 +0 6*' $4+6+5* /75'7/ .QPFQP %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV $/%

0KEQNCQW +PQ CPF 1VVQ /ÎTMJQNO 2#2*15 81.7/' + # 261.'/#+% %1+0 *1#4& 0KEQ UKC VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV Z RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 8GT[ UECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP Ō# UVWF[ QH C JQCTF QH 2VQNGOCKE UKNXGT VGVTCFTCEJOU HQWPF KP %[RTWU Ō

8CEECTQ (TCPEGUEQ .' /10'6' &+ #-57/ /CPVQXC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 8GT[ IQQF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

2CNGUVKPG ,GYKUJ %QKPU

$CTCOMK & % 6*' %1+0 %1..'%6+10 1( 6*' #/'4+%#0 70+8'45+6; 1( $'+476 /75'7/ 2#.'56+0' #0& 2*1'0+%+# $GKTWV VQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV ZK

RCIGU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU 0GCT HKPG +ORQTVCPV CPF UECTEG &CGJP Ō+PENWFGU OQUVN[ )TGGM +ORGTKCN KUUWGU Ō

GREEK COINS

$CTMC[ 4CEJGN 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 0;5# 5%;6*121.+5 $'6* 5*'#0 ,GTWUCNGO +UTCGN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ XQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU OCRU (KPG # PQVCDNG YQTM

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ŌHQTV GUVKO¾U GV NŉGZ¾EWVKQP V[RQITCRJKSWG GP GUV OCIPKHKSWG Ō &GMGUGN $ .KRUKWU /C[GT

)KVNGT *CKO CPF 1TGP 6CN %1+0#)' 1( 2*+.+56+# 1( 6*' 6* #0& 6* %'0674+'5 $% # 567&; 1( 6*' '#4.+'56 %1+05 1( 2#.'56+0' /KNCPQ VQ QTKIKPCN QTCPIG RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU JGCXKN[ KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG #P KORQTVCPV TGEGPV YQTM &CGJP Ō# UVWF[ QH VJG GCTNKGUV EQKPU OKPVGF KP 2CNGUVKPG FWTKPI #EJCGOGPKF TWNGő 6JG UVCPFCTF YQTM QP VJGUG KUUWGU Ō

*CGHGNK .GQ % 5#4'# #/ /''4 6121)4#2*+' 70& )'5%*+%*6' &'4 56#&6 0#%* ,15'2*75 70& #2156'.)'5%*+%*6' /ÒPUVGT XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU OCR (KPG 4CTG CPF KPVGTGUVKPI

+UTCGN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 4'%'06 567&+'5 #0& &+5%18'4+'5 10 #0%+'06 ,'9+5* #0& 5;4+#0 %1+05 ,GTWUCNGO XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? +UTCGN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 6*' &#6+0) #0& /'#0+0) 1( #0%+'06 ,'9+5* %1+05 #0& 5;/$1.5 5+: '55#;5 +0 ,'9+5* 07/+5/#6+%5 ,GTWUCNGO XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVG QH EQKPU (KPG 2WDNKECVKQPU QH VJG +UTCGN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 8QNWOGU + CPF ++ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK CPF

-CFOCP .GQ CPF #T[G -KPFNGT =%1+05 +0 2#.'56+0' 6*417)*176 6*' #)'5? ,GTWUC NGO +UTCGN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU YKVJ HCEKPI VGZV 6GZV KP *GDTGY 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 4CTGN[ UGGP

-CWHOCP , %JCKO 704'%14&'& *#5/10'#0 %1+05 (41/ 6*' , %*#+/ -#7(/#0 %1..'%6+10 ,GTWUCNGO RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH EQKP GPNCTIGOGPVU (KPG =YKVJ? -CWHOCP , %JCKO 704'%14&'& *#5/10'#0 %1+05 (41/ 6*' , %*#+/ -#7(/#0 %1..'%6+10 2#46 ++ ,GTWUCNGO RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH EQKP GPNCTIGOGPVU (KPG $QVJ UOCNN VQ QTKIKPCN DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGVU (KPG 5KIPKHKECPV YQTMU &CGJP CPF

-KPFNGT # 6*' %1+0#)' 1( $1564# 9CTOKPUVGT 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU XKK RCIGU RNCVGU %QXGTU C DKV FWUV[ PGCT HKPG =YKVJ? -NKOQYUM[ 'TPUV 9 10 #0 %+'06 2#.'56+0+#0 #0& 16*'4 %1+05 6*'+4 5;/$1.+5/ #0& /'641.1); 6GN #XKX XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG (KTUV VKVNG -TQJ ŌC XGT[ VJQTQWIJ UVWF[ KP YJKEJ VJG EQKPCIG KU RTGUGPVGF YKVJKP VJG EQPVGZV QH VJG JKUVQT[ QH VJG EKV[ő EQKP V[RGU CTG RWDNKUJGFő YKVJ ITGCV RNCVGU QH RJQVQU Ō 5GEQPF VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

.GX[ &T / # )'5%*+%*6' &'4 ,ª&+5%*'0 /ª0<'0 )'/'+0(#55.+%* &#4)'56'..6 .GKR\KI 5OCNN XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ ENQVJ DCEMGF DQCTFU OCTDNGF RCIG GFIGU Z RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU OQUVN[ QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 5ECTEG #P KPVGTGUVKPI VJ EGPVWT[ YQTM QP VJG UWDLGEV .GKV\OCPP

/CFFGP (TGFGTKE 9 *+5614; 1( ,'9+5* %1+0#)' #0& 1( /10'; +0 6*' 1.& #0& 0'9 6'56#/'06 .QPFQP $GTPCTF 3WCTKVEJ 5WRGT TQ[CN XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ QT UQOGYJCV NCVGT TGF SWCTVGT OQTQEEQ IKNV ZKK ZK RCIGU HQNFKPI RNCVG QH CNRJCDGVU VCDNGU VGZV KNNWUVTC VKQPU 7PVTKOOGF $KPFKPI C DKV YQTP YKVJ KPUVKVWVKQPCN UVCOR 8GT[ IQQF 6JG HKTUV GFKVKQP QH VJKU ENCUUKE YQTM &CGJP .GKV\OCPP /C[GT

/CFFGP (TGFGTKE 9 %1+05 1( 6*' ,'95 .QPFQP 6TÒDPGT %Q .CTIG VQ EQPVGORQ TCT[ DNCEM HWNN OQTQEEQ UKFGU RCPGNGF KP IKNV YKVJ IKNV NQ\GPIGU URKPG YKVJ HKXG TCKUGF DCPFU NGVVGTGF KP IKNV IKNV KPPGT FGPVGNNGU OCTDNGF GPFRCRGTU Z RCIGU RNCVG QH CNRJCDGVU YQQFEWVU KP VJG VGZV 5RKPG XGT[ YQTP YKVJ DCEMUVTKR NQQUG CPF WRRGT EQORCTVOGPV NCEMKPI HTQPV DQCTF FGVCEJGF +PVGTKQTU PGCT HKPG 8GT[ UECTEG #EEQTFKPI VQ VJG RTGHCEG VJKU YQTM ŌOC[ DG XKTVWCNN[ EQPUKFGTGF C UGEQPF GFKVKQP QH O[ ň*KUVQT[ QH VJG ,GYKUJ %QKPCIGŉ GODTCEKPI CU KV FQGU PGCTN[ CNN QH VJG QTKIKPCN OCVVGT EQPVCKPGF KP VJCV XQNWOG CU YGNN CU VJG CFFKVKQPCN KPHQTOCVKQP RTKPVGF KP KVU ň5WRRNGOGPV ŉ +V KU HWTVJGT GPTKEJGF D[ VJG ETKVKECN EQTTGEVKQPU ICKPGF HTQO CNN RCRGTU QP VJG UWDLGEV VJCV + JCXG DGGP CDNG VQ QDVCKP UQ VJCV VJG ň*KUVQT[ŉ KU DTQWIJV WR VQ VJG MPQYNGFIG QH VJG RTGUGPV FC[ Ō %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

GREEK COINS

/GUJQTGT ;CňCMQX =,'9+5* %1+05 1( 6*' 5'%10& 6'/2.' 2'4+1&? 6GN #XKX VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 6GZV KP *GDTGY ,CEMGV YQTP XGT[ IQQF =YKVJ? /GUJQTGT ;CňCMQX =%+6; %1+05 1( '4'6< +54#'. #0& 6*' &'%#21.+5 +0 6*' 41/#0 2'4+1&? ,GTWUCNGO VQ QTKIKPCN TGF NGVVGTGF DQCTFU LCEMGV RCIGU OCR YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT (KPG =YKVJ? /GUJQTGT ;CŉCMQX =# 64'#574; 1( ,'9+5* %1+05? ,GTWUCNGO VQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU (KPG 6JG *GDTGY GFKVKQPU QH VJTGG QH /GUJQTGTŉU KORQTVCPV RWDNKECVKQPU QP CPEKGPV ,GYKUJ EQKPU

/GUJQTGT ;CňCMQX =,'9+5* %1+05 1( 6*' 5'%10& 6'/2.' 2'4+1&? 6GN #XKX VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 6GZV KP *GDTGY 3WKVG YQTP YKVJ XCTK QWU KPUGTVU UGG EQOOGPVU 8GT[ IQQF QT UQ 6JG *GDTGY GFKVKQP *CTT[ #DTCOQYKV\ŉU EQR[ YKVJ VJTGG NGVVGTU VQ JKO HTQO VJG CWVJQT KPUGTVGF CNQPI YKVJ XCTKQWU YCPV NKUVU CPF QVJGT OCVGTKCNU

/GUJQTGT ;CňCMQX ,'9+5* %1+05 1( 6*' 5'%10& 6'/2.' 2'4+1& 6GN #XKX VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT VQ VJG EQPUKIPQT 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? /GUJQTGT ;CŉCMQX 0#$#6#'#0 %1+05 ,GTWUCNGO VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? /GUJQTGT ;CňCMQX %+6; %1+05 1( '4'6< +54#'. #0& 6*' &'%#21.+5 +0 6*' 41/#0 2'4+1& ,GTWUCNGO VQ QTKIKPCN TGF NGVVGTGF DQCTFU LCEMGV RCIGU OCR YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT (KPG +ORQTVCPV YQTMU (KTUV VKVNG &CGJP -TQJ 5GEQPF VKVNG 3GFGO /QPQITCRJU QH VJG +PUVKVWVG QH #TEJCGQNQI[ &CGJP -TQJ Ō6JG UVCPFCTF ECVCNQIWG Ō 6JKTF VKVNG -TQJ

/GUJQTGT ;CŉCMQX #0%+'06 ,'9+5* %1+0#)' 81.7/' + 2'45+#0 2'4+1& 6*417)* *#5/10#'#05 81.7/' ++ *'41& 6*' )4'#6 6*417)* $#4 %1%*$# &KZ *KNNU 6YQ XQNWOGU 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU OCR VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU 9KVJ #FFGPFWO + QHHRTKPV HTQO VJG +UTCGN 0WOKUOCVKE ,QWTPCN 0GCT HKPG # ITQWPFDTGCMKPI YQTM &CGJP -TQJ

/GUJQTGT ;CŉCMQX 6*' %1+0#)' 1( #'.+# %#2+61.+0# 6GN #XKX VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ DQCTFU LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT (KPG 5ECTEG -TQJ

/GUJQTGT ;CCEQX 6*' %1+05 1( /#5#&# ,GTWUCNGO +UTCGN 'ZRNQTCVKQP 5QEKGV[ VQ QTKIKPCN RNCKP ECTF EQXGTU OQWPVGF VKVNG 2CIGU ņ VJG HKTUV VYQ CPF VJG VKVNG RTGUGPV KP RJQVQEQR[ 2NCVGU ņ +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT (KPG # XGT[ UECTEG QHHRTKPV HTQO /CUCFC + 6JG ;KICGN ;CFKP 'ZECXCVKQPU ņ (KPCN 4GRQTVU

/GUJQTGT ;CňCMQX CPF 5JTCIC 3GFCT 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 5#/#4+# +0 6*' (1746* %'0 674; $%' .QU #PIGNGU VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH EQKPU +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT (KPG # OCLQT YQTM CV VJG VKOG &CGJP

/GUJQTGT ;CňCMQX CPF 5JTCIC 3GFCT 5#/#4+#0 %1+0#)' ,GTWUCNGO XQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG # UVCPFCTF TGHGTGPEG +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT &CGJP

/GUJQTGT ;CŉCMQX # 64'#574; 1( ,'9+5* %1+05 (41/ 6*' 2'45+#0 2'4+1& 61 $#4 -1-*$# ,GTWUCNGO VQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV Z RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? /GUJQTGT ; 6'56+/10'; ,GTWUCNGO VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF KP EQNQT (KPG 8GT[ KORQTVCPV (KTUV VKVNG &CGJP Ō6JG UVCPFCTF TGHGTGPEG QP ,GYKUJ EQKPCIG Ō 5GEQPF VKVNG &CGJP

/WGJUCO #NKEG %1+0 #0& 6'/2.' # 567&; 1( 6*' #4%*+6'%674#. 4'24'5'06# 6+10 10 #0%+'06 ,'9+5* %1+05 .GKFGP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU KZ RCIGU RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF 5ECTEG

4GKHGPDGTI #FQNH 2#. 56+0'05+5%*' -.'+0-7056 $GTNKP XQ QTKIKPCN QTCPIG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP DNCEM YKVJ C FGEQTCVKXG EQXGT FGXKEG RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU KPENWFKPI EQKPU (KPG 3WKVG TCTG

4GKHGPDGTI # '+0 0'7'5 *'$4 +5%*'5 )'9+%*6 ,GTWUCNGO ņ RCIGU RNCVG =DQWPF YKVJ? 4GKHGPDGTI # 21464#+6 %1+05 1( 6*' *'41&+#0 -+0)5 .QPFQP RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF =DQWPF YKVJ? 4GKHGPDGTI # #0%+'06 ,'9+5* %1+05 ,GTWUCNGO RCIGU RNCVGU XQ NCVGT DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV (KPG +PENWFGU UQOG UECTEG RWDNKECVKQPU

GREEK COINS

4GKHGPDGTI # =#0%+'06 ,'9+5* %1+05? ,GTWUCNGO XQ NCVGT DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU 6GZV KP *GDTGY # HGY RGPEKN CPPQVCVKQPU 0GCT HKPG # TCTGN[ UGGP *GDTGY GFKVKQP QH VJG UGEQPF GFKVKQP QH VJKU PQVCDNG YQTM

4GKHGPDGTI # #0%+'06 ,'9+5* %1+05 6JKTF GFKVKQP 4WDKP XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU ,CEMGV XGT[ YQTP CPF VCRGF DQQM KVUGNH PGCT HKPG 9KVJ C EQR[ QH VJG UGEQPF GFKVKQP CU YGNN 6JG UGEQPF CPF VJKTF GFKVKQPU &CGJP

4GKPCEJ 6J¾QFQTG ,'9+5* %1+05 64#05.#6'& $; /#4; *+.. 9+6* #0 #22'0&+: $; ) ( *+.. .QPFQP OQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV ZX RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU CVVTCEVKXG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 6JG QTKIKPCN VTCPUNCVKQP QH VJKU WUGHWN YQTM TCTGN[ QHHGTGF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK VJG GFKVKQP KP (TGPEJ CPF C TGEQTFKPI QPN[ VJG #TIQPCWV TGRTKPV

5COWGNU %NCWFKC 9CNNCEM 2CWN 4[PGCTUQP CPF ;CŉCMQX /GUJQTGT 6*' 07/+5/#6+% .')#%; 1( 6*' ,'95 #5 &'2+%6'& $; # &+56+0)7+5*'& #/'4+%#0 %1..'%6+10 0GY ;QTM 0WOKUOCVKE 4GXKGY VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ XKK RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? 4QIGTU ' # *#0&; )7+&' 61 ,'9+5* %1+05 .QPFQP XQ NCVGT ITGGP ENQVJ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP XKKK RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU 6KVNG YTKVVGP QP URKPG XGT[ IQQF 9KVJ VJG %QKPU 4GXGCN GZJKDKVKQP ECVCNQIWGF RWDNKUJGF D[ VJG ,GYKUJ /W UGWO QH 0GY ;QTM CPF /CTVKP 2TKEGŉU WPFCVGF %QKPU QH VJG $KDNG. 6JG HKTUV VKVNG KU C PQVCDNG YQTM &CGJP 6JG 4QIGTU YQTM KU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP

5GICN #TVJWT GV CN *+2215 5755+6# (+(6* 5'#510 1( ':%#8#6+105 5'26'/$'4ņ 1%61$'4 #0& 57//#4; 1( #.. (+8' 5'#5105 ņ *CKHC VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF $KNKPIWCN (KPG 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF

$KDNKECN %QKPU

*GPFKP &CXKF )7+&' 61 $+$.+%#. %1+05 0GY ;QTM (KHVJ GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU (KPG 6JG UVCPFCTF YQTM 8CNWGU D[ *GTDGTV -TGKPFNGT &CGJP Ō# TGXKUGF CPF GPNCTIGF XGTUKQP QH VJG CWVJQTŉU )WKFG VQ #PEKGPV ,GYKUJ %QKPU Ō

*GPFKP &CXKF )7+&' 61 $+$.+%#. %1+05 (QWTVJ GFKVKQP 0GY ;QTM XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU (KPG 9KVJ C EQR[ QH VJG URGEKCN GFKVKQP QH VJG VJKTF GFKVKQP CPF (NQTGPEG #KMGP $CPMUŉU %QKPU QH $KDNG &C[U 'CTNKGT GFKVKQPU QH VJG UVCPFCTF YQTM 8CNWGU D[ *GTDGTV -TGKPFNGT &CGJP Ō# TGXKUGF CPF GPNCTIGF XGTUKQP QH VJG CWVJQTŉU )WKFG VQ #PEKGPV ,GYKUJ %QKPU Ō

*GPFKP &CXKF 016 -15*'4 (14)'4+'5 1( #0%+'06 ,'9+5* #0& $+$.+%#. %1+05 0GY ;QTM XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT VQ VJG EQPUKIPQT (KPG 9KVJ VJG GFKVKQP QH *GPFKPŉU )WKFG VQ #PEKGPV ,GYKUJ %QKPU CPF VJG GFKVKQP QH 4KGHGPDGTIŉU +UTCGNŉU *KUVQT[ KP %QKPU. 6JG HKTUV YQTM HGCVWTGU C NQPI KPUETKRVKQP HTQO VJG CWVJQT VQ VJG EQPUKIPQT &CGJP Ō%CVCNQIWGU CPF RJQVQ ITCRJU OQTG VJCP HQTIGTKGU QH OQTG VJCP ,GYKUJ CPF DKDNKECN EQKP V[RGU HTQO EQNNGEVKQPU CTQWPF VJG YQTNF Ō

*GPFKP &CXKF %7.674#. %*#0)' ,'9+5* %*4+56+#0 #0& +5.#/+% %1+05 1( 6*' *1.; .#0& 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF KP EQNQT (KPG 9KVJ VJG GFKVKQP QH )KQTFCPQ CPF -CJPŉU 6JG ,GYU KP 2QORGKK *GTEWNCPGWO 5VCDKCG CPF KP VJG %KVKGU QH %CORCPKC (GNKZ CPF VJG GFKVKQP QH 4KGHGPDGTIŉU #PEKGPV *GDTGY #TVU 6JG HKTUV YQTM YCU YTKVVGP HGCVWTKPI EQKPU HTQO VJG #DTCJCO & CPF /CTKCP 5EJGWGT 5QHCGT EQNNGEVKQP &CGJP

OCKP VKVNG

5RKLMGTOCP #WIWUVWU 6*' %1+05 1( 6*' &'%#21.+5 #0& 2418+0%+# #4#$+# 'FKVGF D[ /KEJGNG 2KEEKTKNNQ ,GTWUCNGO VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU ZX RCIGU RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 0QV KP &CGJP -TQJ UVCTU ŌC ITGCV ECVCNQIWG QH EKV[ EQKPU QH ,WFCGC KP VJG /WUGWO QH VJG 5VWFKWO $KDNKEWO (TCPEKUECPWO KP ,GTWUCNGO OCP[ QH YJKEJ YGTG RTGXKQWUN[ WPRWDNKUJGF V[RGU +V CNUQ HGCVWTGU OWEJ JKUVQTKECN FQEWOGPVCVKQP CPF VJG DGUV $KDNKQITCRJ[ QH CP[ YQTM QH KVU MKPF Ō

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

#0%+'06 41/' #0& $;<#06+7/ 4QOCP %QKPU )GPGTCN 9QTMU

$TQYP &QPCNF ( 6'/2.'5 1( 41/' #5 %1+0 6;2'5 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

)GTTCTF ,QJCPP 5+).#4+7/ 41/#07/ 5+8' ':2.+%#6+1 016#47/ #% .+6'4#47/ 37ยบ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

-KPI %CVJ[ ' 41/#0 37+0#4++ (41/ 6*' 4'27$.+% 61 &+1%.'6+#0 #0& 6*' 6'64#4%*; 1ZHQTF #UJOQNGCP /WUGWO XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZZKX

RCIGU RNCVGU RNWU RNCVGU QH GPNCTIGOGPVU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV YQTM D[ C [GCT XGVGTCP QH VJG *GDGTFGP %QKP 4QQO KP VJG #UJOQNGCP /WUGWO 8GT[ YGNN RTQ FWEGF CPF CORN[ KNNWUVTCVGF

/CVVKPIN[ *CTQNF 41/#0 %1+05 (41/ 6*' '#4.+'56 6+/'5 61 6*' (#.. 1( 6*' 9'56'40 '/2+4' (KTUV GFKVKQP .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP IKNV ZZ RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU )KNV HCFGF GNUG PGCT HKPG 5VKNN C OQUV WUGHWN IGPGTCN JCPFDQQM

5GCD[ * # GV CN 41/#0 5+.8'4 %1+05 81.5 +ล 8 4'27$.+% 61 41/7.75 #7)75 675 .QPFQP CPF (KXG KNNWUVTCVGF XQNWOGU XQ CNN KP VJG QTKIKPCN DKPFKPIU IKNV LCEMGVU (KPG QT PGCTN[ UQ 6JG NCVGUV GFKVKQPU QH VJG 5GCD[ YQTMU

5GCT &CXKF 4 41/#0 %1+05 #0& 6*'+4 8#.7'5 81.7/'5 10'ล 6*4'' .QPFQP CPF XQ OCVEJKPI QTKIKPCN FCTM DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGVU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KTUV XQNWOG UKIPGF D[ VJG CWVJQT (KPG 6YQ GCTNKGT GFKVKQPU KPENWFGF 6JG NCVGUV GFKVKQPU QH VJKU UVCPFCTF TGHGTGPEG YKVJ VYQ GCTNKGT GFKVKQPU

5WVJGTNCPF % * 8 41/#0 %1+05 0GY ;QTM XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ECTF DQCTF UNKRECUG RCIGU YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF YKVJ PWOGTQWU EQNQT RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? -GPV , 2 % CPF - 5 2CKPVGT 9'#.6* 1( 6*' 41/#0 914.& #& ล .QPFQP 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF EQNQT RNCVGU (KPG (KTUV VKVNG 8QNWOG KP VJG 9QTNF QH 0WOKUOCVKEU UGTKGU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP -TQJ 5GEQPF VKVNG KPENWFGU CP KNNWUVTCVGF EJCRVGT QP ล %QKPCIG CPF %WTTGPE[ล CPF UGXGTCN EQNQT RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI IQNF EQKPU

%QNNGEVKQPU

=#UJOQNGCP /WUGWO? 5WVJGTNCPF % * 8 CPF % / -TCC[ %#6#.1)7' 1( %1+05 1( 6*' 41/#0 '/2+4' +0 6*' #5*/1.'#0 /75'7/ 2#46 + #7)75675 % $ % ล # & 1ZHQTF (QNKQ QTKIKPCN ENQVJ DCEMGF RTKPVGF DQCTFU ZX RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU YKVJ HCEKPI VGZV 0GCT HKPG +NNWUVTCVGU GXGT[ EQKP KP VJG #UJOQNGCP EQNNGEVKQP HTQO VJG TGKIP QH #WIWUVWU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK -TQJ ล XGT[ JKIJN[ TGEQOOGPFGF HQT KVU GCUG QH WUG ล

=-GUVPGT /WUGWO? $GTIGT (TCPM &+' /ยช0<'0 &'4 4ยค/+5%*'0 4'27$.+- +/ -'560'4 /75'7/ *#0018'4 *CPPQXGT 5SWCTG XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU JGCXKN[ KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG # UWDUVCPVKCN CPF YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF ECVCNQIWG QH VJKU KORQTVCPV EQNNGEVKQP KNNWUVTCVKPI UQOG EQKPU

=2TKPEGVQP 7PKXGTUKV[? .GX[ $TQQMU 'OOQPU CPF 2KGTTG % 8 $CUVKGP 41/#0 %1+05 +0 6*' 24+0%'610 70+8'45+6; .+$4#4; + 4'27$.+% 61 %1//1&75 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV ZKX RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG # PQVCDNG ECVCNQIWG

=9WNHKPI? *GTDGTV -GXKP 6*' ,1*0 /#: 97.(+0) %1..'%6+10 +0 9#5*+0)610 70+8'45+6; 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN TWUUGV ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG #PEKGPV %QKPU KP 0QTVJ #OGTKECP %QNNGEVKQPU 0Q +ORQTVCPV

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP

%TCYHQTF / * 41/#0 4'27$.+%#0 %1+0 *1#4&5 .QPFQP 405 XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV XK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q

%TCYHQTF /KEJCGN * %1+0#)' #0& /10'; 70&'4 6*' 41/#0 4'27$.+% +6#.; #0& 6*' /'&+6'44#0'#0 '%101/; .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZZX RCIGU OCRU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU (KPG +ORQTVCPV

2CPETC\\K 1TNCPFC CPF )CDTKGNNC 4QP\KVVK 1TUQNKPK .' /10'6' &'..ŉ#%%#&'/+# &+ %14 610# 2KUC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU 7PQRGPGF (KPG #EECFGOKC 'VTWUEC FK %QTVQPC #PPWCTKQ :+8

5[FGPJCO 'FYCTF # 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 41/#0 4'27$.+% .QPFQP 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV NZKZ RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU $KPFKPI URQVVGF CPF FKUEQNQTGF XGT[ IQQF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

6JWTNQY $TCFDWT[ - CPF +VCNQ ) 8GEEJK +6#.+#0 %#56 %1+0#)' +6#.+#0 #'5 )4#8' #0& +6#.+#0 #'5 47&' 5+)0#67/ #0& 6*' #'5 )4#8' 1( 5+%+.; .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP DQCTFU IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? %QORCTGVVG 6 .QWKU #'5 5+)0#67/ 4GRTKPV %JKECIQ 1DQN VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 6YQ PQVCDNG YQTMU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK CPF

8QNNGPYGKFGT /CTKG .QWKUG &+' 21464 6)'//'0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 4'27$.+- /CKP\ CO 4JGKP VQ QTKIKPCN ETKOUQP ENQVJ IKNV X RCIGU RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI IGOU CPF C PWODGT QH EQKPU YKVJ UKOKNCT RQTVTCKVU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV YQTM QH EQPUKFGTCDNG PWOKUOCVKE UKIPKHKECPEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

4QOCP +ORGTCVQTKCN

#NHÌNFK #PFTGCU 567&+'0 ª$'4 %#'5#45 /10#4%*+' .WPF XQ NCVGT RNCKP YTCRU

RCIGU VCDNGU HKPG RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK Ō%CGUCTŉU EQKPCIG QH $ % CPF KVU RQNKVKECN KORNKECVKQPU Ō

$WVVTG[ 6JGQFQTG 8 ,T 6*' 64+7/8+4#. 21464#+6 )1.& 1( 6*' 37#667148+4+ /10'6#.'5 1( $ % 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU Z RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK Ō6JG FCVKPI CPF CTTCPIGOGPV QH VJGUG KUUWGU Ō

5GCT &CXKF 4 6*' *+5614; #0& %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 41/#0 +/2'4#6145 ņ $% .QPFQP 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN FCTM DNWG ENQVJ IKNV ZZZKK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV (KPG #P KORQTVCPV HQEWUGF YQTM

9Q[VGM $GTPJCTF #4/# '6 07//+ (145%*70)'0 <74 4¤/+5%*'0 (+0#0<)'5 %*+%*6' 70& /ª0<24 )70) &'4 ,#*4' $+5 8 %*4 9KGP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU ZKK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG # XGT[ KORQTVCPV TGEQPUKFGTCVKQP QH VJG EQKPCIG QH VJG 4QOCP +ORGTCVQTKCN RGTKQF RTQRQUKPI OCP[ TGXKUKQPU VQ FCVGU CPF OKPVU

4QOCP +ORGTKCN )GPGTCN 9QTMU

%QJGP *GPT[ %QPVKPW¾G RCT (¾NKZ (GWCTFGPV &'5%4+26+10 *+5614+37' &'5 /100#+'5 (4#22 '5 5175 .ŉ'/2+4' 41/#+0 %1//70 /'06 #22'. '5 / &#+..'5 +/2 4+#.'5 4GRTKPV )TC\ #MCFGOKUEJG &TWEMņ W 8GTNCIUCPUVCNV 'KIJV XQNWOGU EQORNGVG 5OCNN XQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV TGF URKPG NCDGNU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? 2TQDU\V ) CPF 4 )CK FQUEJKM /100#+'5 5175 .ŉ'/2+4' 41/#+0 &+%6+100#+4' 52 %+#. (4#0 #+5 #..'/#0& #0).#+5 +6#.+'0 '52#)01. 4GRTKPV )TC\ XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU (KPG 6JG DGUV OQFGTP TGRTKPV QH VJKU UVKNN YKFGN[ WUGF YQTM CNQPI YKVJ 2TQDU\V CPF )CKFQUEJKMŉU FKEVKQPCT[ KPVGPFGF VQ CEEQORCP[ KV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP

)TÒPYCNF /KEJCGN &+' 4¤/+5%*'0 $410<' 70& -72('4/ª0<'0 /+6 5%*.#) /#4-'0 +/ .')+105.#)'4 8+0&10+55# $CUGN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU

RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU HQNFKPI ITCRJ VCDNGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF 4CTG CPF KORQTVCPV 'Z 4QDGTV , /[GTU NKDTCT[ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

2CRCGHVJ[OKQW 'NGPK ) &'55# &' /#% &1+0' 67&' *+5614+37' '6 07/+5/# 6+37' #VJ½PGU VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU (KPG $KDNKQVJ½SWG FG NC 5QEK¾V¾ *GNN¾PKSWG FG 0WOKUOCVKSWG

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

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

8CIK &CXKF . %1+0#)' #0& *+5614; 1( 6*' 41/#0 '/2+4' % $ % ล # & 81.7/' + *+5614; 81.7/' ++ %1+0#)' 5KFPG[ 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGVU RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU (KPG # PQVCDNG YQTM

8CKNNCPV ,Q (Q[ 5'.'%6+14# 07/+5/#6# +0 ยบ4' /#:+/+ /1&7.+ ' /75'1 +..7564+55+/+ & & (4#0%+5%+ &' %#/25 #$$#6+5 5 /#4%'..+ $ /#4+ยบ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ยพ (TCPยผQKU FG %CORU ล $CDGNQP &GMGUGN ( *KTUEJ .KRUKWU

4QOCP +ORGTKCN %QNNGEVKQPU

=2CPIGTN? /CTVKPK 4QFQNHQ %1..'<+10' 2#0)'4. %10641/#4%*' +/2'4+#.+ 41/ #0' #7)75675ล 8'52#5+#075 /KNCPQ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU NZKKK RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU (KPG 0QOKUOCVC *KUVQTKUEJ PWOKUOCVKUEJG (QTUEJWPIGP

,WNKQ %NCWFKCP

%CORQ /CTVC GV CN .'. 6'5141 &' .# 21$.# &' /#(7/'6 6#44#)10# 5':6'4 %+15 ; &7210&+15 &' %.#7&+1 + $CTEGNQPC VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RTKPVGF QP QPG UKFG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF

)KCTF ,GCP $CRVKUVG .' /100#;#)' &' .ล #6'.+'4 &' .;10 &'5 14+)+0'5 #7 4ย )0' &' %#.+)7.# #8#06 , % ล #24ย 5 , % 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN :+8

)TCPV /KEJCGN (41/ +/2'4+7/ 61 #7%614+6#5 # *+5614+%#. 567&; 1( #'5 %1+0#)' +0 6*' 41/#0 '/2+4' $ % ล # & 4GRTKPVGF YKVJ EQTTGEVKQPU %CODTKFIG XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZXKK RCIGU RNCVGU ,CEMGV UWPPGF PGCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK -TQJ ล EQXGTU C NQV QH ITQWPF VJCV KU CNN DWV XKTVWCNN[ KIPQTGF D[ QVJGT TGHGTGPEGU +VU CPCN[UKU QH VJG .CVG 4GRWDNKECP CPF 'CTN[ 'ORKTG RTQXKPEKCN EQKPCIG KU XGT[ FGVCKNGF ล

-TCHV -QPTCF <74 /ยช0<24ย )70) &'5 #7)75675 9KGUDCFGP 5VGKPGT XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 8GT[ UECTEG 5KV\WPIDGTKEJVG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVNKEJGP )GUGNNUEJCHV CP FGT ,QJCPP 9QNHICPI )QGVJG 7PKXGTUKVยทV (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP $CPF ,CJTICPI 0T

/CTVKP 2GVGT *WIQ &+' #010;/'0 /ยช0<'0 &'5 ,#*4'5 0#%* %*4+5675 /CKP\ VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ NKPGP NGVVGTGF KP OCTQQP RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG +ORQTVCPV HQT EQKPCIG QH VJG EKXKN YCTU

5WVJGTNCPF % * 8 41/#01 $4+6+5* +/+6#6+105 1( $410<' %1+05 1( %.#7&+75 + 0GY ;QTM #05 OQ DTQYP ENQVJ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP (TQPVKURKGEG RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

5WVJGTNCPF % * 8 %1+0#)' +0 41/#0 +/2'4+#. 21.+%; $ % ล # & (KTUV GFKVKQP .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG DQCTFU LCEMGV ZK RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU ,CEMGV C DKV YQTP PGCT HKPG =YKVJ? 5WVJGTNCPF % * 8 6*' '/2'414 #0& 6*' %1+0#)' ,7.+1 %.#7&+#0 567&+'5 .QPFQP 6CNN XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 5WVJGTNCPF % * 8 41/#0 *+5614; #0& %1+0#)' $%ล #& (+(6; 21+065 1( 4'.#6+10 (41/ ,7.+75 %#'5#4 61 8'52#5+#0 1ZHQTF XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZKK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK CPF HKTUV CPF UGEQPF VKVNGU

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

5\CKXGTV 9QNHICPI &+' /ª0<24 )70) &'4 -#+5'4 6+$'4+75 70& %#+75 %#.+)7.# 9KGP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? -QU 2GVGT CPF #PFTGL 5GOTQX 4+/5-+ 018%+ +0 -1064#/#4-' +< 561.'6,# 41 /#0 +/2'4+#. %1+05 #0& %1706'4/#4-5 1( 6*' 56 %'0674; #7)75675ņ 64#+#075 .LWDNCPC XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 6JG HKTUV KU C FGVCKNGF ECVCNQIWG QH VJG EQKPCIG QH VJGUG VYQ GORGTQTU 6JG UGEQPF YQTM ECVCNQIWGU EQKPU HTQO VJG 0CVKQPCN /WUGWO 6TKNNOKEJ 9CNVGT (#/+.+'02412#)#0&# &'4 -#+5'4 %#.+)7.# 70& %.#7&+75 #)4+22+0# /#+14 70& #0610+# #7)756# #7( /ª0<'0 $GTNKP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV ZKX RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU HQNFKPI VCDNGU (KPG #PVKMG /ÒP\GP WPF IGUEJPKVVGPG 5VGKPG $CPF 8+++ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

6JG (NCXKCPU

1PFTQWEJ 8QLVeEJ &'4 4¤/+5%*' &'0#4(70& 810 8;Ħ-18%' $TCVKUNCXC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZX RCIGU RNCVGU 7PQRGPGF (KPG 4CTG #TDGKVGP FGT )GNGJTVGP ĥCHCÎÃM )GUGNNUEJCHV KP $TCVKUNCXC $CPF

0GTXC #PVQPKPG &[PCUV[

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ņ .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KPENWFKPI HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK -TCC[ %QNKP / &+' /ª0<(70&' 810 8+0&10+55# $+5 64#,#0 $CUGN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 8GTÌHHGPVNKEJWPIGP FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV RTQ 8KPFQPKUUC $CPF 8 5GNFQO QHHGTGF 'Z 6GF $WVVTG[ UKIPGF D[ JKO QP VJG HTQPV EQXGT %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5\CKXGTV 9QNHICPI &+' /ª0<24 )70) &'4 -#+5'4 /#4%75 #74'.+75 .7%+75 8'475 70& %1//1&75 ņ 9KGP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV TGHGTGPEG $GEQOKPI UECTEG 9Q[VGM $GTPJCTF &+' 4'+%*524 )70) &'5 -#+5'45 64#+#075 ņ 9KGP ¤UVGT TGKEJKUEJG #MCFGOKG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI TGF CPF ITC[ RTKPVGF DQCTFU Z ņ RCIGU KZ RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV RWDNKECVKQP VJG UVCPFCTF TGHGTGPEG YQTM QP 6TCLCPŉU EQKPU

5GXGTKP &[PCUV[

)ÌDN 4QDGTV 4')#.+#075 70& &4;#06+..# &1-7/'06#6+10 /ª0<'0 6':6' '2+)4#2*+5%*'5 9KGP VQ NCVGT VCP NKPGP DCEMGF OCTDNGF DQCTFU RCIGU VCDNGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 5ECTEG 'Z &T 2KGTTG $CUVKGP *KNN 2JKNKR 8 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 5'26+/+75 5'8'475 #0& *+5 (#/+.; 1( 6*' /+06 1( 41/' # & ņ .QPFQP 5GEQPF GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

5QNFKGT 'ORGTQTU

#NTCO /KEJCGN &+' /ª0<24 )70) &'5 -#+5'45 /#:+/+075 + 6*4#: 9KGP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG /QPGVC +ORGTKK 4QOCPK 'NOGT )GQTI &+' /ª0<24 )70) &'4 )#..+5%*'0 -#+5'4 +0 -¤.0 64+'4 70& /#+.#0& ő /+6 &'0 6#('.0 #75 &'/ 9'4- 810 #8'% .'5 2.#0%*'5 &' .ŉ1784#)' &' , &' 9+66' 4'%*'4%*'5 574 .'5 '/2'4'745 37+ 106 4')0' &#05 .'5 )#7.'5 %QODKPGF TGRTKPV .K½IG VQ OCTQQP NGCVJGTGVVG RCIGU HQNFKPI VCDNGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU $CEMUVTKR OKUUKPI XGT[ IQQF QT UQ # SWCNKV[ TGRTKPV QH 'NOGTŉU QTKIKPCN CNUQ KPENWFKPI VJG RNCVGU HTQO FG 9KVVGŉU ENCUUKE %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP -TQJ

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

'UVKQV 5[NXKCPG 6#%+61 ' (.14+#01 8GTQPC 1DNQPI VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU ECTFDQCTF UNKRECUG RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 4KRQUVKINKQ FGNNC 8GP½TC 0WQXQ %CVCNQIQ +NNWUVTCFQ 8QNWOG ++

)KNNLCO *CPU * #0610+0+#0+ 70& #74'+ &'5 7.2+75 %140'.+75 .#'.+#075 )')'0-#+5'4 &'5 21567/75 -ÌNP XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU KPENWFKPI VCDNGU CPF RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 1PG QH QPN[ EQRKGU RTKPVGF -TQJ

)ÌDN 4QDGTV &+' /ª0<24 )70) &'5 -#+5'45 #74'.+#075 9KGP 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU VCDNGU NCTIG HQNFKPI VCDNG (KPG #P KORQTVCPV TGHGTGPEG GZVGPUKXGN[ KNNWUVTCVGF

)ÌDN 4QDGTV &+' /ª0<24 )70) &'4 -#+5'4 8#.'4+#075 + )#..+'075 5# .10+075 4')#.+#075 70& /#%4+#075 37+'675 9KGP 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU VCDNGU (KPG /QPGVC +ORGTKK 4QOCPK

)WKNNGOCKP ,GCP .# /10'6#<+10' &+ 241$1 # 41/# ņ & % 4QOC 1DNQPI VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 4KRQUVKINKQ FGNNC 8GP½TC 0WQXQ %CVCNQIQ +NNWUVTCFQ 8QNWOG +++

.CNNGOCPF , CPF / 6JKTKQP .' 64 514 &' 5#+06 /#4& + 67&' 574 .' /10 0#;#)' &' 8+%614+0 '6 &'5 6 64+%75 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN [GNNQY ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP DNCEM RCIGU OCRU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN 8+ # UECTEGT XQNWOG KP VJKU UGTKGU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

5EJWNVG $GTPJCTF &+' )1.&24 )70) &'4 )#..+5%*'0 -#+5'4 810 21567/75 $+5 6'64+%75 #CTCW XQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 6[RQU /QPQITCRJKGP \WT CPVKMGP 0WOKUOCVKM $CPF +8 9KPPGT QH VJG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ŉU )KNNLCO 2TK\G HQT 6JKTF %GPVWT[ 0WOKUOCVKEU

5EJWN\MK *GKP\ ,QCEJKO &+' #0610+0+#024 )70) &'4 )#..+5%*'0 -#+5'4 810 21567/75 $+5 6'64+%75 #)- $QPP %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV ZXKK RCIGU RNCVGU HQNFKPI VCDNG (KPG #PVKSWKVCU $CPF

6QWTCVUQINQW + 2 )4''%' #0& 6*' $#.-#05 $'(14' 6*' '0& 1( #06+37+6; Η ΕΛΛΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΒΑΛΚΑΝΙΑ ΠΡΙΝ ΑΠΟ ΤΑ ΤΕΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΤΗΤΟΣ #VJGPU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HQNFKPI VCDNGU CPF OCRU $KNKPIWCN (KPG 1P )TGGEG CPF VJG $CNMCP TGIKQP HTQO VJG GPF QH VJG 5GXGTKP F[PCUV[ VQ VJG 6GVTCTEJ[

8QGVVGT 1VVQ #6.#5 &'4 /ª0<'0 &'5 -#+5'45 )#..+'075 70& 5'+0'4 (#/+ .+'ő'456' <9'+6' #$6'+.70)ő 9KGP ņ 6YQ RCTVU KP QPG XQNWOG 1DNQPI HQNKQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN HTQPV ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP NKVJQITCRJGF RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KTUV ECTF EQXGT FGVCEJGF CPF URNKV KP VYQ DWV RTGUGPV )GPGTCNN[ YQTP PGCT XGT[ IQQF 8GT[ UECTEG 'Z #05 .KDTCT[ YKVJ VJGKT DQQMRNCVG

&KQENGVKCP CPF VJG 6GVTCTEJ[

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG CPF (TCP¼QKU 8CUUGNNG .' 64 514 /10 6#+4' &' &1/37'74 51//' 67&' 574 .'5 /+55+105 &' $410<' &' 64 8'5 .;10 '6 .10&4'5 &' .# 4 (14/' &' &+1%. 6+'0 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKIWTGU VCDNGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN ++ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG .' /100#;#)' &' .ŉ#6'.+'4 &' .;10 &+1%. 6+'0 '6 5'5 %14 )'065 #8#06 .# 4 (14/' /10 6#+4' ņ 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN 8++

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG CPF #PFT¾ %QVJGPGV 64 5145 /10 6#+4'5 &7 %*'4 .+)0+ 4'5 ņ 15/'4; ņ 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN QNKXG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU OCRU VCDNGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN 8+++ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG .' /100#;#)' &' .ŉ#6'.+'4 &' .;10 &' .# 4 178'4674' &' .ŉ#6'.+'4 2#4 #74 .+'0 .# /146 &' %#4+0 (+0 ņ /+ 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN +: %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG CPF %CVJGTKPG /GV\IGT .' 64Â&#x2014;514 &' $'#74#+05 &+6 &Å&#x2030;#44#5 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV CPF QP RNCVGU KP EQNQT YKVJ IWCTFU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN : %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG .' /100#;#)' &' .Å&#x2030;#6'.+'4 &' .;10 &' .# 4Â&#x2014;(14/' /10Â&#x2014;6#+4' &' &+1%.Â&#x2014;6+'0 Â&#x2C6; .# ('4/'674' 6'/214#+4' &' .Å&#x2030;#6'.+'4 '0

Å&#x2020; 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN :+

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG /100#+' '6 &10#6+8# #7 $#5 '/2+4' 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN :8++

$TKVKUJ 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ =RWDNKUJGT? 567&+'5 +0 6*' %1+0#)'5 1( %#4#75+75 #0& #..'%675 .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KPENWFKPI PWOGTQWU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG +PENWFGU GUUC[U D[ -KPI $WTPGVV %CUG[ CPF $NCPF

&GRG[TQV )GQTIGU .'5 /100#+'5 &Å&#x2030;14 &' &+1%.'6+'0 Â&#x2C6; %1056#06+0 + Å&#x2020; 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU ITCRJU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? ,GNQcPKM #NGMUCPFGT 0#,&$# #4)'06'7518 <)1&0,' 6'64#4*+,' 8 5+5-7 6*' 5+5#- *1#4& 1( #4)'06'+ 1( 6*' '#4.; 6'64#4%*; .LWDNLCPC XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU $KNKPIWCN (KPG (KTUV YQTM %QNNGEVKQP /QPGVC + 5GEQPF YQTM 5KVWNC

,GNQcPKM #NGMUCPFGT C'06745-# <#-.#&0# 0#,&$#Å&#x2018; 6*' C'0674 *1#4& (1..'5 1( /#:'06+75 #0& 6*' 6'64#4%*; .LWDNLCPC 5KVWNC XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU $KNKPIWCN =YKVJ? ,GNQcPKM #NGMUCPFGT CPF 2GVGT -QU <#- .#&0# 0#,&$# C'0674 % (1.+5+ /#-5'0%+,# +0 6'64#4*+,' 6*' C'0674 % *1#4& (1..'5 1( /#:'06+75 #0& 1( 6*' 6'64#4%*; .LWDNLCPC 5KVWNC XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU $KNKPIWCN $QVJ HKPG QT PGCTN[ UQ 6YQ KORQTVCPV JQCTF UVWFKGU

.GGFU ' 6 # *1#4& 1( 41/#0 (1..'5 (41/ &+1%.'6+#0Å&#x2030;5 4'(14/ # & 61 %1056#06+0' %#'5#4 (170& #6 (;(+'.& $'4-5 1ZHQTF XQ ITGGP RCUVGDQCTF EQXGTU QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF HTQPV ECTF EQXGT OQWPVGF RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 5ECTEG 'Z #UJOQNGCP /WUGWO %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

5JKGN 0QTOCP 6*' '2+51&' 1( %#4#75+75 #0& #..'%675 6*' .+6'4#4; #0& 07/+5/#6+% '8+&'0%' 1ZHQTF VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU KKK RCIGU OCRU RNCVGU OQUVN[ FGRKEVKPI EQKPU (KPG $TKVKUJ #TEJCGQNQIKECN 4GRQTVU +ORQTVCPV VJQWIJ JCORGTGF D[ KPFKHHGTGPV RNCVGU

%QPUVCPVKPG CPF 5WEEGUUQTU

$CJTHGNFV / X /Âª0<'0 %1056#06+075 & )4 70& 5'+0'4 <'+6 #75 &'/ /Âª0<(70&' 810 -Â¤.0 # 4* *CNNG 5CCNG XQ NCVGT DNWG ENQVJ DCEMGF OCTDNGF DQCTFU IKNV RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG .' /100#;#)' &' /#)0'0%' Å&#x2020; 9GVVGTGP 5GEQPF GFKVKQP VQ QTKIKPCN QTCPIG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN + UGEQPF GFKVKQP

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG CPF *Â¾NÂ½PG *WXGNKP 64178#+..' &' (1..'5 &' .# 2Â&#x2014;4+1&' %10 56#06+'00' Å&#x2020; 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN 8 %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG .' /100#;#)' &' .Å&#x2030;#6'.+'4 &' .;10 &' .# 4Â&#x2014;178'4674' &' .Å&#x2030;#6'.+'4 '0 Â&#x2C6; .# /146 &' %1056#06+0 Å&#x2020; 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN :+++

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG .' /100#;#)' &' .Å&#x2030;#6'.+'4 &' .;10 &' .# /146 &' %1056#0 6+0 Â&#x2C6; .# /146 &' ,7.+'0 Å&#x2020; 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN :8

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG .' /100#;#)' &' .ŉ#6'.+'4 &' .;10 &7 4 )0' &' ,18+'0 .# /146 &' ,18+0 ņ 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN :8+

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG /KEJGN #OCPFT[ CPF )GQTIGU )CWVKGT .' /100#;#)' &' .ŉ#6'.+'4 &' .;10 ņ 5722. /'06 =DQWPF YKVJ CU KUUWGF? $CUVKGP 2KGTTG .' / &#+..10 &' 2.1/$ &' .;10 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU

RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN :8+++

$TWWP 2CVTKEM 6*' %1056#06+0+#0 %1+0#)' 1( #4'.#6' *GNUKPMK XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU Z RCIGU VCDNGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK -TQJ ŌC XGT[ KP FGRVJ UVWF[ QH YJCV YCU RTQDCDN[ VJG OQUV RTQNKHKE OKPV FWTKPI VJG %QPUVCPVKPKCP RGTKQF Ō

$TWWP 2CVTKEM 567&+'5 +0 %1056#06+0+#0 %*4101.1); 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU ZK RCIGU OCR HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? =YKVJ? -GPV , 2 % 6*' 2#6 6'40 1( $410<' %1+0#)' 70&'4 %1056#06+0' + .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU +++ņ8+++ RNCVGU 5KIPGF D[ VJG CWVJQT 0GCT HKPG (KTUV VKVNG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK HKTUV VKVNG

%CNNW ,GCP 2KGTTG CPF 2KGTTG $CUVKGP +08'06#+4' &'5 64 5145 &' $410<' %1056#0 6+0+'05 ņ .' 64 514 /10 6#+4' &' (4'501; . 5 41;' ++ ņ 07/+5/#6+37' 41/#+0' '0 %112 4#6+10 +06'40#6+10#.' '0 *1//#)' *#05 )'14) 2(.#7/ 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN TWUUGV ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKSWG TQOCKPG GUUCKU TGEJGTEJGU GV FQEWOGPVU 8QN :++

&GRG[TQV )GQTIGU .'5 /100#+'5 &ŉ14 &' %1056#06+0 ++ <'010 ņ 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU ITCRJU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? &GRG[TQV )GQTIGU .'5 /+55+105 /10 6#+4'5 &ŉ#4.'5 37#64+ /'ņ%+037+ /' 5+ %.'5 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU ITCRJU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG %QNNGEVKQP /QPGVC 8 CPF 8+

-KPI % ' =GFKVQT? +/2'4+#. 4'8'07' ':2'0&+674' #0& /10'6#4; 21.+%; +0 6*' (1746* %'0674; # & 6*' (+(6* 1:(14& 5;/215+7/ 10 %1+0#)' #0& /10'6#4; *+5614; 1ZHQTF VQ NCVGT TGF ENQVJ DCEMGF DQCTFU DNCEM URKPG NCDGN IKNV QTKIKPCN TGF RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP XKKK RCIGU (KPG $#4 +PVGTPCVKQPCN 5GTKGU 0Q

0VCPVCNKC (QVKPK $410<'/'&#+..105 706'4 -1056#06+0 &'/ )4155'0 70& 5'+0'0 5¤*0'0 &+' $+.&6;2'0 &'4 %1056#06+0121.+5 70& &+' -#+5'4.+%*' /'&#+..1024 )70) 810 ņ 0 %*4 5CCTDTÒEMGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU OQUVN[ FGRKEVKPI EQKPU (KPG 5CCTDTWWEMGT 5VWFKGP \WT #TEJ·QNQIKG WPF CNVGP )GUEJKEJVG $CPF

.CVG 'ORKTG

%CTUQP 4 # ) , 2 % -GPV CPF 2 8 *KNN .#6' 41/#0 $410<' %1+0#)' # & ņ .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 2NCVGU CPPQVCVGF GNUG HKPG =YKVJ? $GNNKPIGT # 4 GV CN .#6' 41/#0 )1.& #0& 5+.8'4 %1+05 #6 &7/$#4 610 1#-5 &+1%.'6+#0 61 '7)'0+75 9CUJKPIVQP & % VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 6JG HKTUV XQNWOG KU VJG HKTUV GFKVKQP KP DQQM HQTO HGCVWTKPI RNCVGU HCT UWRGTKQT VQ UWDUGSWGPV TGRTKPVU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK GTTQPGQWUN[ RNCEGF KP JGT DKDNKQITCRJ[ FWG VQ C V[RQ KP VJG FCVG NKOKVKPI VJG EQXGTCIG VQ 6JG UGEQPF YQTM KU CP QHHRTKPV HTQO &WODCTVQP 1CMU 2CRGTU 0WODGT 'KIJVGGP

)TKGTUQP 2JKNKR CPF /GNKPFC /C[U %#6#.1)7' 1( .#6' 41/#0 %1+05 +0 6*' &7/$#4610 1#-5 %1..'%6+10 #0& +0 6*' 9*+66'/14' %1..'%6+10 (41/ #4%#&+75 #0& *1014+75 61 6*' #%%'55+10 1( #0#56#5+75 9CUJKPIVQP &% VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV ZKX RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG +ORQTVCPV

)WGUV 2 5 9 6*' .#6' 41/#0 )1.& #0& 5+.8'4 %1+05 (41/ 6*' *1:0' 64'#5 74' %CODTKFIG VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG # FGVCKNGF GZCOKPCVKQP QH VJKU KORQTVCPV $TKVKUJ JQCTF

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

/GFCNNKQPU CPF %QPVQTPKCVGU

$CNFYKP #IPGU 07/+5/#6+% 016'5 #0& /101)4#2*5 10 41/#0 /'&#..+105 0GY ;QTM ņ 6JTGG VKVNGU $CNFYKPŉU (KXG 4QOCP )QNF /GFCNNKQPU QT /WNVKRNG 5QNKFK QH VJG .CVG 'ORKTG JGT 5KZ 4QOCP )QNF /GFCNNKQPU CPF JGT (QWT /GFCNNKQPU HTQO VJG #TTCU *QCTF #NN OQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU +PUVKVWVKQPCN UVCOR VQ UGEQPF XQNWOG GNUG HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0QU CPF

$CTMÉE\K . CPF # -GT¾P[K $410<' /'&#..+105 1( 6*4#%+#0 +557' (41/ $4+)' 6+1 +P (QNKQ #TEJCGQNQIKEC : $WFCRGUV XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ DCEMGF RTKPVGF DQCTFU LCEMGV RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU =$CTMÉE\K CPF -GT¾P[K CTVKENG EQORTKUGU RCIGU ņ CPF JCU RNCVGU? ,CEMGV YQTP XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 5ECTEG

/KVVCI 2GVGT (TCP\ 4¤/+5%*' /'&#+..105 %#'5#4 $+5 *#&4+#0 5VWVVICTV XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG # UWDUVCPVKCN PGY RWDNKECVKQP

6Q[PDGG ,QEGN[P / % 41/#0 /'&#..+105 4GRTKPV 0GY ;QTM #05 VQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV ZK ņ RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 6JG WUGHWN TGRTKPV QH VJKU GUUGPVKCN YQTM 0WOKUOCVKE 5VWFKGU 0Q %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

8GTOGWNG %QTPGNKWU % 41/#0 /'&#..+105 $QUVQP /WUGWO QH (KPG #TVU VQ TGF JCNH OQTQEEQ URKPG YKVJ HKXG TCKUGF DCPFU TWNGF CPF NGVVGTGF KP IKNV RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU YKVJ VGZV (KPG # FGNKIJVHWNN[ DQWPF EQR[ HTQO VJG 0QOQU NKDTCT[

4QOCP 2TQXKPEKCN

#TUNCP /GNKJ )#.#6;# -4#..+G+ 8' 41/# &¤0'/+ #0-;4# Q'*+4 5+--'.'4+ 6*' %1+05 1( 6*' )#.#6+#0 -+0)&1/ #0& 6*' 41/#0 %1+0#)' 1( #0%;4# +0 )#.#6+# #PMCTC VQ QTKIKPCN PCX[ DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ņ ņ RCIGU RNCVGU $KNKPIWCN (KPG # UKIPKHKECPV UVWF[

$NQGUEJ *CPULÌTI '4+00'470)'0 #0 #+)'#+ 9KPVGTVJWT XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 8GT[ UECTEG

$WTTGT (TKGFTKEJ /ª0<24 )70) 70& )'5%*+%*6' &'5 6*'55#.+5%*'0 $70&'5 +0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+5'4<'+6 $+5 #7( *#&4+#0 8 %*4 ņ 0 %*4 5CCTDTÒEMGP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV ZZX RCIGU FKCITCOU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV EQPVTKDWVKQP

$WVEJGT -GXKP %1+0#)' +0 41/#0 5;4+# 0146*'40 5;4+# $%ņ#& .QPFQP 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV ZKK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q

%CXCIPC #NGUUCPFTQ 2418+0%+# &#%+# /KNCPQ XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU XKKK RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG # WUGHWN PGY CPCN[UKU QH VJG VJKTF EGPVWT[ RQTVTCKV EQKPCIG QH 2TQXKPEKC &CEKC QTFGTGF D[ QDXGTUG FKGU CPF GPEQORCUUKPI UGUVGTVKK OGFCNNKQPU FWRQPFKK CPF CUUGU

K\OGNK <G[PGR .' /100#;#)' &' 0 1% 5#4 ' '6 &7 -1+010 &7 2106 /KNCPQ XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU OCRU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG )NCWZ

(KV\ ,GPÌ &'4 )'.&7/.#7( &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 2418+0<'0 +/ &10#7)'$+'6 /+66' &'5 ,#*4*70&'465 $WFCRGUV CPF $QPP 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP RTKPVGF ENQVJ LCEMGVU RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

(NQTCPEG # 07/+5/#6+37' )4'%37' 5 4+'5 +/2 4+#.'5 )4'%37'5 '6 %1.1 0+#.'5 2CTKU 5GTTWTG XQ NCVGT YJKVG NKPGP DCEMGF DQCTFU DNWG URKPG NCDGN IKNV RCIGU 0GCT HKPG 4CTG )GQTIGU .G 4KFGTŉU EQR[ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

(TCPMG 2GVGT 4QDGTV -.'+0#5+'0 <74 4¤/'4<'+6 )4+'%*+5%*'5 .'$'0 +/ 52+')'. &'4 /ª0<'0 /ÒPEJGP XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU OCR RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

*CTN -GPPGVJ 9 %+8+% %1+05 #0& %+8+% 21.+6+%5 +0 6*' 41/#0 '#56 # & ņ $GTMGNG[ VQ QTKIKPCN VCP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV XKKK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG # WUGHWN YQTM DCUGF QP VJG EQKPU QH VJG )TGGM EKV[ UVCVGU QH VJG 4QOCP 'ORKTG YKVJ CP GZEGNNGPV DKDNKQITCRJ[ -TQJ

*QYIGIQ % , )4''- +/2'4+#. %1706'4/#4-5 567&+'5 +0 6*' 2418+0%+#. %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 41/#0 '/2+4' .QPFQP 405 VQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV ZK RCIGU VCDNGU OCRU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q #P KPFKURGPUCDNG YQTM -TQJ HKXG UVCTU

*QYIGIQ %JTKUVQRJGT 8QNMGT *GWEJGTV CPF #PFTGY $WTPGVV =GFKVQTU? %1+0#)' #0& +&'06+6; +0 6*' 41/#0 2418+0%'5 1ZHQTF 1ZHQTF 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU VQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZX RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV UGTKGU QH GUUC[U EQXGTKPI VJG 4QOCP YQTNF HTQO $TKVCKP VQ 'I[RV

,QJPUVQP #PP )4''- +/2'4+#. &'01/+0#6+105 %# ņ # 567&; 1( 6*' 41 /#0 2418+0%+#. $410<' %1+0#)'5 1( #5+# /+014 .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV Z RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 5RGEKCN 2WDNKECVKQP 0Q

-COROCPP 7TUWNC &+' *1/101+# 8'4$+0&70)'0 &'4 56#&6 2'4)#/10 1&'4 &'4 8'457%* '+0'4 -.'+0#5+#6+5%*'0 56#&6 706'4 4¤/+5%*'4 *'445%*#(6 '+)'056 0&+)' 21.+6+- <7 $'64'+$'0 5CCTDTÒEMGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZXK RCIGU RNCVGU +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT 0GCT HKPG +PHTGSWGPVN[ QHHGTGF

-CRQUU[ $CN±\U 4¤/+5%*'0 2418+0<+#./ª0<'0 #75 -.'+0#5+'0 +0 $'40 /KNCPQ XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF

-NQUG &KGVTKEJ 1 # &+' /ª0<24 )70) 810 5/;40# +0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+ 5'4<'+6 $GTNKP &GWVUEJGU #TEJ·QNQIKUEJGU +PUVKVWV VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV ZZKX

RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG #PVKMG /ÒP\GP WPF IGUEJPKVVGPG 5VGKPG $CPF :

-TGO[FK 5KEKNKCPQW 5QRJKC Η ΝΟΜΙΣΜΑΤΟΚΟΠΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΡΩΜΑ ΚΗΣ ΑΠΟΙΚΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΔΙΟΥ #VJGPU VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU ZXKKK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG $KDNKQVGEC QH VJG *GNNGPKE 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[

/E#NGG 4KEJCTF 6*' %1+05 1( 41/#0 #06+1%* .CPECUVGT CPF .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGV ZZ RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG #P KORQTVCPV TGEGPV YQTM

0QNN¾ ,QJCPGU $GTPJCTF 1XGTDGEM CPF 2GVGT 9GKUU =GFKVQTU? 01/+5/#6# *+5614+5%* 07/+5/#6+5%*' (145%*70)'0 +06'40#6+10#.'5 -1..137+7/ <74 -#+5'4<'+6.+%*'0 /ª0<24 )70) -.'+0#5+'05 ņ #24+. +0 &'4 56##6 .+%*'0 /ª0<5#//.70) /ª0%*'0 /KNCPQ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV EQNNQSWKWO

2GM±T[ 6JQOCU &+' (70&/ª0<'0 810 8+0&10+55# 810 *#&4+#0 $+5 <7/ #75 )#0) &'4 4¤/'4*'445%*#(6 $TWII VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NCTIG HQNFKPI RNCP RNCVGU QH EQKPU 6KVNG YTKVVGP QP URKPG PGCT HKPG 8GTÌHHGPVNKEJWPIGP FGT )GUGNNUEJCHV RTQ 8KPFQPKUUC $CPF 8+ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

2TKGWT /KEJGN CPF -CTKP 2TKGWT # 6;2' %14275 1( 6*' 5;41 2*1'0+%+#0 6'64#&4#%*/5 #0& 6*'+4 (4#%6+105 (41/ $% 61 #& .CPECUVGT CPF .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV ZZXK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV (KPG # FGHKPKVKXG EQTRWU NKUVKPI OQTG VJCP V[RGU RTGXKQWUN[ WPRWDNKUJGF

5EJWNV\ 5CDKPG &+' /ª0<24 )70) 810 /#)0'5+# #/ / #0&'4 +0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+5'4<'+6 $GTNKP 5VCCVNKEJG /WUGGP \W $GTNKP 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN NKPGP NGVVGTGF KP ITGGP RCIGU HQNFKPI VCDNG RNCVGU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

5GCT &CXKF 4 )4''- +/2'4+#. %1+05 #0& 6*'+4 8#.7'5 6*' .1%#. %1+0#)'5 1( 6*' 41/#0 '/2+4' .QPFQP 5GCD[ XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV LCEMGV ZZZKKK

RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 'UUGPVKCN HQT VJKU KORQTVCPV CTGC QH CPEKGPV PWOKUOCVKEU QPG EQORCTCVKXGN[ PGINGEVGF WPVKN TGEGPV [GCTU 6JG EWTTGPV GFKVKQP

5VWORH )GTF 4 07/+5/#6+5%*' 567&+'0 <74 %*4101.1)+' &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 56#66*#.6'4 +0 -.'+0#5+'0 8 %*4 ņ 0 %*4 5CCTDTÒEMGP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ECTF EQXGTU ZZKX RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 5CCTDTÒEMGT 5VWFKGP \WT #TEJ·QNQIKG WPF CNVGP )GUEJKEJVG $CPF

5[FGPJCO 'FYCTF # 6*' %1+0#)' 1( %#'5#4'# +0 %#22#&1%+# 4GRTKPV 0GY ;QTM XQ QTKIKPCN VCP ENQVJ RTKPVGF KP DNWG RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? /GVECNH 9KNNKCO ' 6*' 5+.8'4 %1+0#)' 1( %#22#&1%+# 8'52#5+#0ņ%1//1&75 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN [GNNQY ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP DTQYP ZKX RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG (KTUV VKVNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5GEQPF VKVNG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q

6QWTCVUQINQW +QCPPKU &+' /ª0<56 66' 810 6*'55#.10+-+ +0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+ 5'4<'+6 8 %*4 $+5 0 %*4 $GTNKP .CTIG VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV

RCIGU VCDNGU UQOG HQNFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG #PVKMG /ÒP\GP WPF IGUEJPKVVGPG 5VGKPG $CPF :++

8QGIVNK *CPU $+.&'4 &'4 *'.&'0'2'0 +0 &'4 -#+5'4<'+6.+%*'0 )4+'%*+5%*'0 /ª0<24 )70) $CUGN VQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU ZX RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU %QXGTU VCRGF 8GT[ IQQF 6JG CWVJQTŉU FQEVQTCN FKUUGTVCVKQP QP 4QOCP RTQXKPEKCN EQKPCIG FGRKEVKPI VJG .CDQTU QH *GTEWNGU

9TWEM 9CNFGOCT &+' 5;4+5%*' 2418+0<+#.24 )70) 810 #7)75675 $+5 64#+#0 5VWVVICTV 9 -QJNJCOOGT XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU XKKK RCIGU VGZV VCDNGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP

$[\CPVKPG )GPGTCN 9QTMU

#PCUVCUK /CTEQ /10'6' $+<#06+0' &+ 5+%+.+# 0 R VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQ XGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG $WKNFU QP VJG RTGXKQWU YQTM D[ 5RCJT

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

$GTVGN½ 6QOOCUQ 07/+5/#6+37' $;<#06+0' 57+8+' &' &'7: 67&'5 +0 &+6'5 574 .'5 /100#+'5 &'5 2#. 1.1)7'5 &+6+10 (4#0 #+5' /+5' ,174 '0 #7)/'06 ' &' 2.#0%*'5 2#4 % %+.' /144+5510 9GVVGTGP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU QEECUKQPCN VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH EQKPU GCEJ YKVJ C HCEKPI RCIG QH FGUETKRVKXG VGZV (KPG #P WRFCVKPI QH $GTVGN½ŉU PQVCDNG QTKIKPCN YQTM %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

(ÒGI (TCP\ %14275 1( 6*' 01/+5/#6# (41/ #0#56#5+75 ++ 61 ,1*0 + +0 %1056#06+012.' ņ 5647%674' 1( 6*' +557'5 %14275 1( %1+0 (+0&5 %1064+$76+105 61 6*' +%101)4#2*+% #0& /10'6#4; *+5614; 'FKVGF D[ +VCNQ 8GEEJK .CPECUVGT CPF .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWU VTCVGF %& 41/ KPENWFGF (KPG #P KORQTVCPV TGEGPV YQTM VJG %& GPENQUGF YKVJ VJG DQQM RTQXKFGU KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH CNN PQOKUOCVC NKUVGF

)TKGTUQP 2JKNKR $;<#06+0' %1+05 $GTMGNG[ CPF .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZKKK RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 2GTJCRU VJG DGUV UKPING XQNWOG YQTM QP VJG VQRKE -TQJ ŌC XGT[ FGVCKNGF PWOKUOCVKE JKUVQT[ QH VJG RGTKQF VQ Ō

*GPF[ /KEJCGN ( 567&+'5 +0 6*' $;<#06+0' /10'6#4; '%101/; % ņ %CO DTKFIG %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZZK RCIGU OCRU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG #P KPVGTGUVKPI CPF UKIPKHKECPV YQTM

ANCIENT ROME AND BYZANTIUM

.CECO )W[ %+8+.+5#6+10 '6 /100#+'5 $;<#06+0'5 2CTKU VQ QTKIKPCN TGF DQCTFU IKNV RCIGU RTQHWUGN[ KNNWUVTCVGF KPENWFKPI EQKP GPNCTIGOGPVU CPF EQNQT RNCVGU (KPG 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

4CPKGTK 'IKFKQ .# /10'6#<+10' &+ 4#8'00# #06+%# &#. 8 #.. 8+++ 5'%1.1 +/ 2'41 41/#01 ' $+<#06+0' 4')01 15641)161 ' .10)1$#4&1 $QNQIPC 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV ZXKKK RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV $KNKPIWCN VGZV +VCNKCP CPF 'PINKUJ (KPG #P GZVGPUKXG YQTM FGUETKDKPI IQNF UKNXGT CPF DTQP\G EQKPU 4KEQVVK 2TKPC &KGIQ .# /10'6#<+10' #74'# &'..' <'%%*' /+014+ $+<#06+0' &#. 8+ #. +: 5'%1.1 4QOC VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

5GCT &CXKF 4 GV CN $;<#06+0' %1+05 #0& 6*'+4 8#.7'5 .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM DQCTFU IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU 9KVJ C EQR[ QH VJG GFKVKQP $QVJ LCEMGVU YQTP XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 6JG GFKVKQP TGOCKPU VJG NCVGUV

9JKVVKPI 2 & $;<#06+0' %1+05 0GY ;QTM XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU CVVTCEVKXG EQNQT CPF OQPQEJTQOG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? 6*4'' #&&+6+10#. 914-5 +PENWFGU VJG VTCPUNCVKQP QH 6QNUVQ[Å&#x2030;U $[\CPVKPG %QKPU VJ +UUWG /CNVGTÅ&#x2030;U $[\CPVKPG 0WOKUOCVKE $KDNKQITCRJ[ Å&#x2020; CPF $GPFCNNÅ&#x2030;U $[\CPVKPG 9GKIJVU #P +PVTQFWEVKQP 8CT[KPI HQTOCVU )GPGTCNN[ HKPG /CKP YQTM 8QNWOG KP VJG 9QTNF QH 0WOKUOCVKEU UGTKGU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP -TQJ

$[\CPVKPG %QNNGEVKQPU

=#UJOQNGCP? .KCPVC 'NGPK .#6' $;<#06+0' %1+05 Å&#x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

RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG /CVGTKCNK 5VWFK 4KEGTEJG 5G\KQPG 0WOKUOCVKEC =*WPVGT %QKP %CDKPGV? $CVGUQP , & CPF + ) %CORDGNN $;<#06+0' #0& '#4.; /'&+'8#. 9'56'40 '7412'#0 %1+05 +0 6*' *706'4 %1+0 %#$+0'6 70+8'45+6; 1( ).#5 )19 .QPFQP XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZKZ RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV ECVCNQIWG QH VJKU OCLQT EQNNGEVKQP ECVCNQIWKPI $[\CPVKPG EQKPU CPF GCTN[ OGFKGXCN EQKPU

OCP[ QH VJGO 1UVTQIQVJKE QT /GTQXKPIKCP =2TKXCVG %QNNGEVKQP? $GPFCNN 5KOQP # 24+8#6' %1..'%6+10 1( 2#.#'1.1)#0 %1+05 0Q RNCEG QH RWDNKECVKQP 6CNN VQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP DQCTFU IKNV RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT (KPG 1PG QH QPN[ EQRKGU KUUWGF

$[\CPVKPG 'ORGTQTU

/GVECNH & / 6*' 14+)+05 1( 6*' #0#56#5+#0 %744'0%; 4'(14/ #OUVGTFCO XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV XK RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

/GVECNH &CXKF /KEJCGN 6*' %122'4 %1+0#)' 1( 6*'55#.10+%# 70&'4 ,756+0+#0 + 9KGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU OCR RNCVGU +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT 8GT[ IQQF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

MEDIEVAL AND MODERN COINS AND MEDALS

/'&+'8#. #0& /1&'40 %1+05 #0& /'&#.5 /GFKGXCN %QKPU

#TUNCP 'TOCPPQ # .' /10'6' &+ 15641)16+ .10)1$#4&+ ' 8#0&#.+ %#6#.1)1 &'..' %+8+%*' 4#%%1.6' 07/+5/#6+%*' &+ /+.#01 /KNCPQ 5SWCTG XQ QTKIK PCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 5ECTEG

$CUVKGP 2KGTTG CPF ,GCP &WRNGUU[ %#6#.1)7' &'5 /100#+'5 &ŉ14 (.#/#0&'5 &' .# %1..'%6+10 8'40+'4 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP

$GFQWMKCP 2CWN < %1+0#)' 1( %+.+%+#0 #4/'0+# 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZZZK RCIGU OCR ITCRJU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q # OCLQT YQTM

$QORQKU (GTFKPCPF 016+%' 574 70 & 216 &' /100#+'5 %#4.18+0)+'00'5 & %17 8'46 '0 ,7+0 #7: '08+4105 &7 8'7+..+0 %1//70' &ŉ#24'/106 & 2#46'/'06 &7 %*'4 2CTKU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU HKPGN[ GPITCXGF RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5RKPG RCRGT C DKV YQTP EQPVGPVU HKPG 8GT[ UECTEG

&GOQ ZGNLMQ 15641)16*+% %1+0#)' (41/ %1..'%6+105 +0 %41#6+# 5.18'0+# #0& $150+# *'4<')18+0# .LWDNLCPC XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DNWG DQCTFU ZX

RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU (KPG # UKIPKHKECPV RWDNKECVKQP QP 1UVTQIQVJKE EQKPCIG

&GRG[TQV )GQTIGU .' 07/ 4#+4' / 418+0)+'0 .ŉ )' &7 &'0+'4 9GVVGTGP VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RCIGU QH NKPG FTCYKPIU RNCVGU (KPG /QPGVC +ORQTVCPV

&GRG[TQV )GQTIGU .' 07/ 4#+4' %#41.+0)+'0 %14275 &'5 /100#+'5 9GVVGTGP 6TQKUK½OG ¾FKVKQP CWIOGPV¾G VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG /QPGVC 8GT[ KORQTVCPV

)QQFYKP 6QP[ #4#$ $;<#06+0' %1+0#)' .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ VKVNG NCDGNU RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV TGEGPV YQTM QP VJG UWDLGEV 5VWFKGU KP VJG -JCNKNK %QNNGEVKQP 8QNWOG +8

)TKGTUQP 2JKNKR CPF .WEKC 6TCXCKPK /'&+'8#. '7412'#0 %1+0#)' 9+6* # %#6# .1)7' 1( 6*' %1+05 +0 6*' (+6<9+..+#/ /75'7/ %#/$4+&)' +6#.; +++

5176* +6#.; 5+%+.; 5#4&+0+# %CODTKFIG %CODTKFIG 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU XQ QTKIK PCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV ZZKK RCIGU RNCVGU QH EQKPU GPFRCRGT OCRU (KPG +ORQTVCPV

+QTFCPQX +XCP ÌÎÍÅÒÈ È ÌÎÍÅÒÍÎ ÎÁÐÚÙÅÍÈÅ Â ÑÐÅÄÍÎÂÅÊÎÂÍÀ ÁÚËÃÀÐÈSS 1081–1261. 5QHKC XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP YJKVG RCIGU RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF 5ECTEG

-NWIG $GTPF 07/+5/#6+- &'5 /+66'.#.6'45 $#0& + *#0&$7%* 70& 6*'5#7475 07//147/ /'&++ #'8+ $GTNKP CPF 9KGP XQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV

RCIGU KPENWFKPI EQNQT RNCVGU ,CEMGV UEWHHGF GNUG HKPG # JKUVQT[ CPF ENCUUKHKECVKQP QH OGFKGXCN PWOKUOCVKEU KPENWFKPI 'WTQRG $[\CPVKWO CPF VJG +UNCOKE YQTNF $GCWVK HWNN[ KNNWUVTCVGF YKVJ UQOG EQKPU HTQO VJG $GTNKP EQKP ECDKPGV

.GXKPUQP 4QDGTV # 6*' '#4.; &#6'& %1+05 1( '7412' ņ 0GY ;QTM VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU OCRU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU EQNQT RNCVGU QH EQKPU 2TKEG 5WRRNGOGPV NCKF KP (KPG # EQORTGJGPUKXG NKUVKPI

.QTGP\GNNK 2KGVTQ + 6+2+ &'..' /10'6' $'4)#/#5%*' $TGUEKC VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT # DTKGH DWV FGVCKNGF YQTM

.WNNKTK )KWUGRRG CPF /CTKC $QPCTKC 7TDCP .' /10'6' &'..# 5#4&')0# 8#0&#.+%# 5614+# ' 07/+5/#6+%# 4QOC XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG +NNWUVTCVGU EQKPU UQOG QH VJGO KP EQNQT

MEDIEVAL AND MODERN COINS AND MEDALS

/CNNQ[ #NGZ ) +TGPG (TCNG[ 2TGUVQP CPF # , 5GNVOCP %1+05 1( 6*' %475#&'4 56#6'5 ņ 0GY ;QTM XQ QTKIKPCN QTCPIG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV XKKK RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU 2TKEG IWKFG NCKF KP (KPG =YKVJ? $GTOCP #NNGP ) 2#2#. %1+05 5QWVJ 5CNGO XQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU QH EQKPU ,CEMGV VGCT GNUG HKPG 9GNN TGICTFGF YQTMU

/CVGW [ .NQRKU ( %#6 .1)1 &' .#5 /10'&#5 24'8+5+)1&#5 ; 8+5+)1&#5 &'. )#$+0'6' 07/+5/±6+%1 &'. /75'1 #437'.¡)+%1 0#%+10#. %10 016#5 ; %1/'06#4+15 /CFTKF XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZX RCIGU VGZV HKI WTGU VCDNGU HQNFKPI OCRU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU %QXGTU C DKV YQTP CPF FKUEQNQTGF HKTUV VYQ NGCXGU ENKRRGF 8GT[ IQQF /CTM / 5CNVQP KPM UVCOR QP VKVNG CPF GNUGYJGTG +ORQTVCPV CPF XGT[ UECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

=/GFKGXCN %QKPU? #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ =RWDNKUJGT? 07/+5/#6+% 016'5 #0& /101 )4#2*5 10 /'&+'8#. %1+05 0GY ;QTM ņ 5KZ VKVNGU * #NGZCPFGT 2CTUQPUŉU 6JG 'CTNKGUV %QKPU QH 0QTYC[ &QTQVJ[ * %QZŉU 6JG 6TKRQNKU *QCTF QH (TGPEJ 5GKIPQTKCN CPF %TW UCFGTŉU %QKPU *QYNCPF 9QQFŉU 6JG )CORQNC .CTKP *QCTF *GTDGTV ' +XGUŉU 6JG 8GPGVKCP )QNF &WECV CPF +VU +OKVCVKQPU 9CNNCEG , 6QOCUKPKŉU 6JG $CTDCTKE 6TGOKUUKU KP 5RCKP CPF 5QWVJ GTP (TCPEG #PCUVCUKWU VQ .GQXKIKNF CPF #NCP / 5VCJNŉU 6JG 8GPGVKCP 6QTPGUGNNQ # /GFKGXCN %QNQPKCN %QKPCIG OQ QT XQ QTKIKPCN DKPFKPIU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0QU CPF

/GVNKEJ /KEJCGN #PFTGCU 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 15641)16*+% +6#.; $; /+%*#'. #0 &4'#5 /'6.+%* # &+' 567&; 1( 6*'1&#*#& (1..'5 $; ' # #45.#0 #0& / # /'6.+%* .QPFQP VQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU VGZV HKIWTGU RNCVGU HQNFKPI VCDNGU (KPG # UKIPKHKECPV YQTM

/KNGU )GQTIG % 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 7/#;;#&5 1( 52#+0 0GY ;QTM #05 6YQ XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZK RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU YKVJ QXGTNC[U 0GCT HKPG *KURCPKE 0WOKUOCVKE 5GTKGU 0Q 5VKNN KORQTVCPV

/KNGU )GQTIG % 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' 8+5+)16*5 1( 52#+0 .'18+)+.& 61 #%*+.# ++ 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF TWUUGV ECTF EQXGTU ZX RCIGU HQNFKPI OCR CPF CNRJCDGVKECN VCDNG HKPG RNCVGU (KPG *KURCPKE 0WOKUOCVKE 5GTKGU 0Q 5VKNN KORQTVCPV

/KNGU )GQTIG % %1+05 1( 6*' 52#0+5* /7.7- #.ņ6#9#ŉ+( 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF TWUUGV ECTF EQXGTU ZK RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG *KURCPKE 0WOKUOCVKE 5GTKGU 0Q 1PG QH VJG HGY YQTMU QP VJG UWDLGEV

/QTTKUQP -CTN ( CPF *GPT[ )TWPVJCN %#41.+0)+#0 %1+0#)' 0GY ;QTM #05 XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ZKK RCIGU VCDNGU HQNF QWV OCRU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0Q +ORQTVCPV KH OQUVN[ HQT VJG RNCVGU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP

/WUJOQX /QWEJOQX 0KMQNC # ÌÎÍÅÒÈÒ È ÏÅ×ÀÒÈÒ ÍÀ ÁÚËÃÀÐÑÊÈÒ ÖÀÐÅ / 07/+5/#6+37' '6 5+)+..1)4#2*+' $7.)#4'5 7PFCVGF TGRTKPV QT NCVGT QH VJG QTKIKPCN 5OCNN XQ QTKIKPCN TWUUGV ENQVJ IKNV ZXK RCIGU PWOGTQWU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK Ō.CTIGN[ FGXQVGF VQ OGFKGXCN EQKPU Ō

2GKZQVQ %CDTCN , / CPF & / /GVECNH # /1'&# 57'8# 57'8+% %1+0#)' 2QTVQ XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG #PGZQU 0WOOWU 0Q 4CTGN[ CXCKNCDNG

2NKGIQ 8±\SWG\ 4WVJ .# /10'&# 8+5+)1&# 5GXKNNC 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF KP EQNQT (KPG +ORQTVCPV 6JG UGEQPF XQNWOG EQPUVKVWVGU C PGY EQTRWU NKUVKPI EQKPU

5VGHCP (TKGFTKEJ &+' /ª0<56 66' 5+4/+7/ 706'4 &'0 156)16'0 70& )'2+&'0 *CNNG 4KGEJOCPP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU HKPG RNCVG QH EQKPU (KPG 4CTG #P QHHRTKPV HTQO $N·VVGT HÒT /ÒP\HTGWPFG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

MEDIEVAL AND MODERN COINS AND MEDALS

5[NNQIG 0WOQTWO #TCDKEQTWO 5;..1)' 07/147/ #4#$+%147/ 6ª$+0)'0 2#. 56+0# +8 # $+.#& #ĥ ĥ#/ + .WV\ +NKUEJ GF 6ÒDKPIGP (QNKQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG $CUGF QP 5VGXG #NDWOŉU EQNNGEVKQP PQY CV 6ÒDKPIGP VJGUG CTG GUUGPVKCN UEJQNCTN[ TGHGTGPEGU +NNWUVTCVGU URGEK OGPU

8CTGUK #NDGTVQ /10'6' +6#.+#0' 4')+10#.+ 5+%+.+# 2CXKC XQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN DQCTFU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG +ORQTVCPV

8KEQ /QPVGQNKXKC ,GUÐU /CTÃC %TW\ %QTGU )QOGPFKQ CPF )QP\CNQ %QTGU 7TÃC %14275 07//147/ 8+5+)16*147/ %# ņ .'18+)+.&75ņ#%*+.# /CFTKF 6JKEM XQ QTKIKPCN ITGGP NGCVJGTGVVG RTKPVGF KP DNCEM RCIGU NKUVKPIU JGCXKN[ KNNWUVTCVGF KP EQNQT 8CNWCVKQPU NKUV NCKF KP (KPG # OCLQT YQTM

/QFGTP %QKPU

=0QTVJ #OGTKECP %QKPU? 07/+5/#6+% 016'5 #0& /101)4#2*5 10 0146* #/'4+%#0 %1+05 6JTGG YQTMU 5[FPG[ 2 0QGŉU 6JG 2KPG 6TGG %QKPCIG QH /CUUCEJWUGVVU 4QDGTV + 0GUOKVJŉU 6JG %QKPCIG QH VJG (KTUV /KPV QH VJG #OGTKECU CV /GZKEQ %KV[ ņ CPF -GPPGVJ 5EQVVŉU %QWPVGTHGKVKPI KP %QNQPKCN 2GPPU[NXCPKC #NN XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU )GPGTCNN[ HKPG 0WOKUOCVKE 0QVGU CPF /QPQITCRJU 0QU CP 2CQNWEEK 4CHHCGNG .' /10'6' &'+ &1)+ &+ 8'0'<+# 6*' %1+0#)' 1( 6*' &1)'5 1( 8'0+%' 2CFQXC (KTUV GFKVKQP VQ QTKIKPCN ITC[ ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWU VTCVGF (KPG 6JG HKTUV GFKVKQP QH VJKU PQVCDNG YQTM

/GFCNU )GPGTCN 9QTMU

#OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ +06'40#6+10#. /'&#..+% ':*+$+6+10 1( 6*' #/'4+ %#0 07/+5/#6+% 51%+'6; 12'0+0) 10 6*' 69'.(6* 1( /#4%* %#6# .1)7' 0GY ;QTM #05 (KTUV GFKVKQP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG #P QWVUVCPFKPI ECVCNQIWG KUUWGF D[ VJG #05 FGUETKDKPI CPF KNNWUVTCVKPI URGEKOGPU HTQO VJGKT QYP EQNNGEVKQPU QP FKURNC[ CV VJG 'ZJKDKVKQP 9JKNG PQV KPENWFKPI VJG GPVKTGV[ QH VJG 5QEKGV[ŉU JQNFKPIU VJKU XQNWOG FQGU NKUV QXGT OGFCNU HTQO CTQWPF VJG YQTNF CPF KU C PQVCDNG ECVCNQIWG QH VJG 5QEKGV[ŉU EQNNGEVKQP $GNFGP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CXKU )TKGTUQP Ō%CVCNQIWG TGOCTSWCDNG RQWT NC TKEJGUUG GV NC FKXGTUKV¾ FGU QDLGVU GZRQU¾U FGRWKU NGU F¾DWVU CW :8G UK½ENG LWUSWŉC Ō

/GFCNU 4GPCKUUCPEG

*KNN ) ( /'&#.5 1( 6*' 4'0#+55#0%' 1ZHQTF %NCTGPFQP 2TGUU .CTIG VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU 'Z )CTFPGT # 5CIG NKDTCT[ EQR[ YKVJ URKPG PWODGTU CPF DQQMRNCVG 5RKPG SWKVG YQTP HTQPV HN[NGCH NQQUG KPVGTPCNN[ PGCT HKPG 8GT[ IQQF YKVJ FGHGEVU PQVGF 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK Ō# OCIPKHKEGPV RWDNKECVKQP Ō

*KNN )GQTIG CPF )TCJCO 2QNNCTF 4'0#+55#0%' /'&#.5 (41/ 6*' 5#/7'. * -4'55 %1..'%6+10 #6 6*' 0#6+10#. )#..'4; 1( #46 $#5'& 10 6*' %#6#.1)7' 1( 4'0#+55#0%' /'&#.5 +0 6*' )756#8' &4';(75 %1..'%6+10 .QPFQP 5GEQPF GFKVKQP TGXKUGF CPF GPNCTIGF VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV Z RCIGU JGCXKN[ KNNWUVTCVGF 0GCT HKPG 8GT[ KORQTVCPV

/GFCNU 6JGOCVKE

(TKGFGPDGTI &CPKGN / ,'9+5* /'&#.5 (41/ 6*' 4'0#+55#0%' 61 6*' (#.. 1( 0#21.'10 ņ 0GY ;QTM VQ QTKIKPCN TWUUGV ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

/GFCNKUVU

5[UQP .WMG CPF &KNNKCP )QTFQP 2+5#0'..1 2#+06'4 61 6*' 4'0#+55#0%' %1746 .QPFQP .CTIG VQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT LCEMGV KZ RCIGU YGNN KNNWU VTCVGF KPENWFKPI OGFCNU (KPG # PQVCDNG PGY YQTM QP VJKU EGNGDTCVGF CTVKUV CPF GCTN[ OGFCNKUV

MEDIEVAL AND MODERN COINS AND MEDALS

9'+)*65 5'#.5 #0& 6'55'4#'

%JG[PGV ,GCP %NCWFG %¾EKNG /QTTKUUQP CPF 9GTPGT 5GKDV 5%'#7: $;<#06+05 &' .# %1..'%6+10 *'04+ 5';4+) 2CTKU $KDNKQVJ½SWG 0CVKQPCNG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG # PQVCDNG EQNNGEVKQP QH UGCNU

(TKGFGPDGTI &CPKGN / /'&+'8#. ,'9+5* 5'#.5 (41/ '7412' &GVTQKV XQ QTKIK PCN TWUUGV CPF VCP ENQVJ IKNV UNKRECUG RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV (KPG #P CVVTCEVKXG CPF YGNN RTQFWEGF YQTM

(TKGFGPDGTI &CPKGN / 5#5#0+#0 ,'94; #0& +65 %7.674' # .':+%10 1( ,'9+5* #0& 4'.#6'& 5'#.5 7TDCPC XQ QTKIKPCN TWUUGV ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV +PUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT (KPG # UKIPKHKECPV TGEGPV YQTM

*GPFKP &CXKF #0%+'06 5%#.' 9'+)*65 #0& 24' %1+0#)' %744'0%; 1( 6*' 0'#4 '#56 (KTUV GFKVKQP 0[CEM XQ QTKIKPCN DNCEM NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG 5KIPGF CPF KPUETKDGF D[ VJG CWVJQT

-KUEJ $TWPQ 5%#.'5 #0& 9'+)*65 # *+5614+%#. 176.+0' 0GY *CXGP ;CNG 7PKXGT UKV[ 2TGUU 5GEQPF RTKPVKPI XQ QTKIKPCN DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV ZZK RCIGU YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF ,CEMGV ENKRRGF PGCT HKPG 6JG DGUV UWTXG[ QH VJG JKUVQT[ QH YGKIJKPI CPF KVU KPUVTWOGPVU HTQO CPEKGPV VQ OQFGTP VKOGU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

/NCUQYUM[ #NGZCPFGT &+' #06+-'0 6'55'4'0 +/ -'560'4 /75'7/ *#0018'4 *CPPQXGT 5SWCTG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG # WUGHWN ECVCNQIWG

ĥCPFTQXUMCLC 8CNGPVKPC 5 CPF 9GTPGT 5GKDV $;<#06+0+5%*' $.'+5+')'. &'4 56##6 .+%*'0 '4'/+6#)' /+6 (#/+.+'00#/'0 6'+. 5#//.70) .+%*#C'8Ň0#/'0 810 # $+5 + 9KGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU RNCVGU (KPG ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJG #MCFGOKG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP 8GTÌHHGPVNKEJWPIGP FGT -QOOKUUKQP HÒT $[\CPVKPKUVKM $CPF : +

5GKDV 9GTPGT &+' $;<#06+0+5%*'0 $.'+5+')'. +0 ¤56'44'+%* 6'+. -#+5'4 *1( 9KGP VQ QTKIKPCN OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU RNCVGU ,CEMGV YQTP PGCT HKPG ¤UVGTTGKEJKUEJG #MCFGOKG FGT 9KUUGPUEJCHVGP 8GTÌHHGPVNKEJWPIGP FGT -QOOKUUKQP HÒT $[\CPVKPKUVKM $CPF ++ +

5KOQPGVVC $QPQ CPF 4GP\Q 4KXC .' 6'55'4' '416+%*' 41/#0' 52+064+#' 37#0&1 '& # %*' 5%121 5101 56#6' %10+#6' .WICPQ XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF DQCTFU RCIGU KPENWFKPI RNCVGU (TGPEJ )GTOCP CPF 'PINKUJ UWOOCTKGU (KPG 3WKVG UECTEG # IQQF DQQM VQ UJQY HTKGPFU YJQ HKPF [QWT JQDDKGU FWNN

;QTFCPQX +XCP ÊÎÐÏÓÑ ÍÀ ÏÅ×ÀÒÈÒÅ ÍÀ ÑÐÅÄÍÎÂÅÊÎÂÍÀ ÁÚËÃÀÐÈSS 5QHKC VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG # TGEGPV EQTRWU QH $WNICTKCP UGCNU

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

07/+5/#6+% #7%6+10 #0& 5#.' %#6#.1)7'5

=#TU %NCUUKEC 8+++? 0CXKNNG GV %KG 8+++ %#6#.1)7' &' /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 #06+37'5 '0 14 #4)'06 '6 $410<' %1/215#06 .# %1..'%6+10 &' ('7 %.#4'0%' 5 $'/'06 &' 2*+.#&'.2*+' 7 5 # .WEGTPG ņ LWKP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQ XGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 6JG VJKTF QHHGTKPI QH VJG OCIPKHKEGPV )TGGM CPF 4QOCP EQKPU QH %NCTGPEG 5 $GOGPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CGU ITCXG Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPU Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH $[\CPVKPG EQKPUŌ?

$CNN 4QDGTV /ª0<'0 #..'4 <'+6'0 70& . 0&'4 &#4706'4 &7$.'66'0 &'5 56##6.+%*'0 /ª0<-#$+0'665 $'4.+0 $GTNKP &G\GODGT VQ QTKIKPCN ENQVJ DCEMGF RTKPVGF DQCTFU Z RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU +PVGTNGCXGF YKVJ TWNGF RCRGT QP YJKEJ KU TGEQTFGF DKFU CPF DKFFGTU KP UGXGTCN FKHHGTGPV EQNQTU QH KPM 0GCT HKPG 6JG HKTOŉU DKFDQQM CPF VJG QPN[ EQR[ QH VJKU UCNG YG TGECNN UGGKPI YKVJ RTKPVGF DQCTFU CU QRRQUGF VQ ECTF EQXGTU 6JG UCNG KPENWFGF DTCEVGCVGU OGFCNU CPF 4WUUKCP EQKPU KP CFFKVKQP VQ YGUVGTP 'WTQRGCP OCVGTKCN CPF )TGGM CPF 4QOCP EQKPU 'Z -QNDG (CPPKPI 5CNG 5RTKPI

$CNN 4QDGTV .#)'4 -#6#.1) 04 #06+-' /ª0<'0 )4+'%*'0 4¤/'4 $;<#0 6+0'5 )'4/#0'0 $GTNKP #RTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU XKKK RCIGU NKUVKPIU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG # UWDUVCPVKCN HKZGF RTKEG ECVCNQIWG

$CTCPQYUM[ /KEJGNG %1..'<+10' +0) #46741 %7<<+ 2#46' 24+/# /10'6' 41/ #0' %1051.#4+ +/2'4+#.+ ' $+<#06+0' /KNCPQ ņ &KEGODTG VQ NCVGT EQCTUG VCP NKPGP HTQPV RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGT OQWPVGF URKPG JCPF NGVVGTGF RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 5RTKPI

$CTCPQYUM[ /KEJGNG %1..'<+10+ 07/+5/#6+%*' 8#.'4+1 64#8'451 &+ )'018# /4 ,15'2* /#46+0+ 1( 0'9 ;14- ' &+ #.64+ #/#614+ /10'6' )4'%*' ' 41/#0' /KNCPQ (GDDTCKQ G IKQTPK UWEEGUUKXK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU

RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT # PQVCDNG EQNNGEVKQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CP EKGPV )TGGM EQKPU Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CGU ITCXG Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 &' / ,'#0 4 &' %#00'5 /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 '6 64#0) 4'5 2CTKU ņ OCTU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG # TCTG UCNG 5RTKPI

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 &' / .' &1%6'74 41755'6 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5ő 2CTKU ņ CXTKN XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG /100#+'5 #06+37'5 )#7.1+5'5 )4'%37'5 41 /#+0'5 /100#+'5 &7 /1;'0 #)' '6 /1&'40'5 .+84'5 &' 07/+5/#6+37' 2CTKU ņ F¾EGODGT VQ OQFGTP ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRRGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 , $17) '41. /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 2CTKU ņ LWKP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 # ) $ /100#+'5 #06+37'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 2CTKU ņ OCTU VQ OQFGTP ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRRGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 5RTKPI CPF

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 ,7.'5 014/#0 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 )#7.1+5'5 (4#0 #+5'5 2CTKU ņ CXTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRRGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 5RKPG VCRGF C DKV YQTP XGT[ IQQF QT UQ # TCTG ECVCNQIWG VJG HKTUV YG JCXG QHHGTGF KP QXGT VYQ FGECFGU 5RTKPI

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG /100#+'5 #06+37'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 /100#+'5 ( 1&#.'5 '6 64#0) 4'5 2CTKU ņ OCK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRRGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU &KUDQWPF EQPVGPVU NQQUG CPF EQXGTU EJKRRGF )QQF =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 2 ( /100#+'5 #06+37'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 '6 64#0) 4'5 2CTKU H¾XTKGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 4175 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 )#7.1+5'5 (4#0 #+5'5 2CTKU ņ OCK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG /100#+'5 / &#+..'5 '6 ,'6105 +%101)4#2*+' *+22+37' 2CTKU OCK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 5RTKPI CPF

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 ) /100#+'5 #06+37'5 41/#+0'5 )#7.1+5'5 / 418+0)+'00'5 9+5+)16*5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 64#0) 4'5 ,'6105 / &#+..'5 & %14#6+105 .+84'5 2CTKU ņ QEVQDTG VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI CPEKGPV OGFKGXCN CPF OQFGTP EQKPU (KPG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH EQKPU QH VJG DCTDCTKCP OKITCVKQPUŌ?

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG /100#+'5 &' 4 27$.+37' 41/#+0' 2418'0#06 &ŉ70' 8+'+..' '6 % . $4' %1..'%6+10 8+&#. 37#&4#5 ; 4#/¡0 2CTKU ņ PQXGODTG 5OCNN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5KIPGF D[ #IPGU $CNF YKP $TGVV 0GCT HKPG QT UQ =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG /100#+'5 &' .ŉ'/2+4' 41/#+0' 2418'0#06 &ŉ70' 8+'+..' '6 % . $4' %1..'%6+10 ' 8'06' 2CTKU ņ F¾EGODTG RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 2CIGU QH UGEQPF UCNG RTGUGPV QPN[ KP RJQVQEQR[ RNCVGU CTG QTKIKPCNU 0GCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP Ō%QNNGEVKQP KORQTVCPVG TQO T¾RWDN Ō 5RTKPI ņ = CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ DQVJ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORG TKCN EQKPUŌ?

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 4 %#/+'4 /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 ,'6105 / &#+..'5 5%'#7: #06+37+6 5 5 4+'5 .;100#+5'5 2CTKU ņ OCTU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU $KPFKPI C DKV YQTP YKVJ URKPG FGVCEJGF HTQO VGZV DNQEM EQXGTU FKUEQNQTGF 7PQRGPGF KPVGTPCNN[ HKPG =YKVJ? $QWT IG[ 'VKGPPG /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 )#7.1+5'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 /10 0#+'5 2#2#.'5 2CTKU LWKP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 6JG HKTUV UCNG HGCVWTGU KORQTVCPV /GTQXKPIKCP EQKPU CNQPI YKVJ 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI 6JG UGEQPF UCNG KU XGT[ UECTEG

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 &7 &4 8ő 24'/+ 4' 2#46+' /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 )#7.1+5'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 ,'6105 2CTKU ņ F¾EGODTG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 #0&4 ,ő /100#+'5 #06+37'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 /10 0#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 '6 2#2#.'5 2CTKU ņ F¾EGODTG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU

RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 5RTKPI CPF

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 &' / 2#7. &+55#4& /100#+'5 #06+37'5 )4'% 37'5 41/#+0'5 )#7.1+5'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 '6 64#0) 4'5 / &#+..'5 ,'6105 .+84'5 &' 07/+5/#6+37' 2CTKU ņ OCK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 )ő /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 #06+37'5 2CTKU F¾EGODTG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'OKNG 64 5 +/2146#06' %1..'%6+10 &' /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 '0 14 '0 '.'%647/ '6 '0 #4)'06 %1..'%6+10 4 &' %#5641 /#;# 2CTKU ņ PQXGODTG RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 5QOG HQNFU XGT[ IQQF QT UQ (KTUV UCNG KU VJG )CNNKEG EQNNGEVKQP # UKIPKHKECPV UCNG YKVJ XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU 5RTKPI 5GEQPF UCNG KU KORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI

$QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 '6 64#0) 4'5 2CTKU CXTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG /100#+'5 #06+37'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 2CTKU F¾EGODTG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG %1..'%6+10 , / /100#+'5 )4'% 37'5 41/#+0'5 (4#0 #+5'5 / &#+..'5 /100#+'5 ,'6105 %10%'40#06 .# %*#55' 2CTKU F¾EGODTG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 5RTKPI ņ

%CJP #FQNRJ ' -#6#.1) &'4 5#//.70) &4 /'& * 56')'4 *'.17#0 /ª0<'0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+5'4 (TCPMHWTV C / ņ (GDTWCT VQ FKUDQWPF RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP KPM .CEMKPI HTQPV EQXGT TGOQXGF HTQO RTGXKQWU DKPF KPI )QQF =YKVJ? %CJP #FQNRJ ' &+' &7$.'66'0 &'5 /ª0<-#$+0'665 &'5 )'4/#0 +5%*'0 0#6+10#./75'7/5 +0 0ª40$'4) /+66'.#.6'4/ª0<'0 #75 #.6(ª456 .+%*'/ $'5+6< 7 # (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 1MVQDGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU ņ HKPG RNCVGU C HGY EWV =2NCVGU ņ RTGUGPV KP RJQVQEQR[? .CEMKPI VYQ RTGNKOU &COCIGF )QQF =YKVJ? %CJP #FQNRJ ' 2'4+1&+5%* '45%*'+0'0&'4 -#6#.1) 01 )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV C / 0QXGODGT XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NKUVKPIU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF 6JG HKTUV ECVCNQIWG KU UECTEG 5RTKPI HKTUV ECVCNQIWG =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

%CJP #FQNRJ ' 5#//.70) '+0'5 4*'+0+5%*'0 )'.'*46'0 $'&'76'0&' 5'4+'0 $#4$#4+5%*'4 24 )70)'0 70& &'765%*'4 /+66'.#.6'4/ª0<'0 $'510&'45 $4#-6'#6'0 +0 )'9 *.6'0 ':'/2.#4'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP &G\GODGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 5RKPG YGCM GNUG PGCT HKPG 6JG EQNNGEVKQP QH &T /CZ 8GTYQTP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH %GNVKE EQKPUŌ?

%CJP #FQNRJ ' 5#//.70) 5+)/70& -4#75< %*+%#)1 7 5 # /ª0<'0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+5'4<'+6 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 5GRVGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIK PCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? %CJP #FQNRJ ' 8'456'+)'470)5 -#6#.1) 04 + 5#//.70) #06+-'4 /ª0<'0 #75 #75. 0&+5%*'/ $'5+6< (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 1MVQDGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU KX RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU 8CNWCVKQPU NKUV 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ? CPF =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KO RQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ? 6JG UGEQPF ECVCNQIWG KU VJG UVCPF CNQPG XGTUKQP QH QPN[ CPEKGPV EQKPU

%CJP #FQNRJ ' 5#//.70) 241( &4 -#4. *#*0 (4#0-(746 #/ /#+0 #06+-' /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP ņ &G\GODGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV NCKF KP 0GCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI

%CJP #FQNRJ ' 8'456'+)'470)5-#6#.1) 04 + 5#//.70) #06+-'4 /ª0 <'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP /CK W HQNI 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQPU NKUV 8GT[ IQQF =YKVJ? %CJP #FQNRJ ' 01 :::+ 8'4<'+%* 0+5 8'4- 7(.+%*'4 /ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0 6'+. #06+-' /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NKUVKPIU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG $QVJ ECVCNQIWGU CTG VJG UVCPF CNQPG XGTUKQPU KPENWFKPI QPN[ CPEKGPV EQKPU (KTUV ECVCNQIWG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

%CJP #FQNRJ ' 5#//.70) /14+6< 5+/10 4¤/'4 )4+'%*'0 $;<#06+0'4 ņ $#4$#4'0 ņ 8¤.-'49#0&'470) (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 0QXGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV NCKF KP 5RKPG VCRGF XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP RTQXKPEKCN EQKPUŌ?

%CJP #FQNRJ ' 8'456'+)'470)5 -#6#.1) 04 6'+. ++ &'5 *'4<1).+%* #0 *#.6+5%*'0 /ª0<-#$+0'665 5#//.70) '+0'5 #75. 0&+5%*'0 07/+5 /#6+-'45 70& #75 #0&'4'/ $'5+6< #06+-' /ª0<'0 )4+'%*'0 4¤/'4 )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 &'4 -#+5'4<'+6 52'<+#.5'4+'0 -#+5#4'+# 5;4+5%*' 70& 2#.#+56+0'05+5%*' 56 &6'/ª0<'0 #.':#0&4'+# $;<#06+0'4 $#4 $#4'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 1MVQDGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU YKVJ EQKP KNNWUVTCVKQP CHHKZGF VQ HTQPV EQXGT XKK RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG VKPVGF RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU (KPG 5RTKPI QDUGTXKPI VJCV VJG UCNG KPENWFGF EQKPU HTQO VJG EQNNGEVKQP QH 1UOCP 0QWT[ $G[ =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP RTQXKPEKCN EQKPUŌ?

%CJP #FQNRJ ' 8'456'+)'470)5 -#6#.1) 04 #06+-' /ª0<'0 )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 #75 #75. 0&+5%*'/ 70& 014&&'765%*'/ $'5+6< &#5 (ª456.+%* (ª456'0$'4)+5%*' /ª0<-#$+0'66 <7 &10#7'5%*+0)'0 6'+. + &+' 5'4+'0 &'4 4¤/'4 &'4 $;<#06+0'4 &'4 /ª0<'0 &'4 8¤.-'49#0&'470)5<'+6 70& &'4 -4'7<(#*4'4 &+' /ª0<'0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+5'4<'+6 #75 &'4 5#//.70) &'5 ,756+<4#65 &4 ' , *#'$'4.+0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP /CK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV QEECUKQPCN CPPQVC VKQPU 8GT[ IQQF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH $[\CPVKPG EQKPUŌ?

%CJP #FQNRJ ' &#5 (ª456.+%* (ª456'0$'4)+5%*' /ª0<-#$+0'66 <7 &1 0#7'5%*+0)'0 6'+. 8++ &+' /ª0<'0 810 .16*4+0)'0 &'4 (4#0<¤5+5%* ('1&#.'0 &'4 /'419+0)'4 70& -#41.+0)'4 519+' &'4 (4#0<¤5+5%* -¤ 0+)' $+5 +0%.75+8' (4#0< + <7/'+56 #75 &'4 '*'/#.+)'0 5#//.70) ( &' 5#7.%; (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 0T &G\GODGT VQ NCVGT TGF JCNH ECNH YKVJ OCTDNGF DQCTFU IKNV RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU XCNWCVKQP NKUV DQWPF KP 0GCT HKPG # PQVCDNG UCNG QH OGFKGXCN EQKPU

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

%CJP #FQNRJ ' 8'456'+)'470)5 -#6#.1) 04 )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 #75 &'/ $'5+6<' 810 5+4 #46*74 '8#05 ;17.$74; 0'#4 1:(14& . # .#94'0%' '53 .10&10 *#05 (4'+*'44 810 -1$.+6<Ŏ 5#.<$74) &4 *#05 56')'4 5+'8'45&14( 7 # &+' 07/+5/#6+5%*' $+$.+16*'- &'5 (4'+ *'440 *#05 810 -1$.+6<Ŏ (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP (GDTWCT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

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NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

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&QTQVJGWO -WPUVCDVGKNWPI 5#//.70) #21561.1 <'01 + 4¤/+5%*' -#+5'4/ª0<'0

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X RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0QVCVKQPU QP EQXGTU PGCT HKPG $QVJ 4QOCP UGEVKQPU QH VJKU UKIPKHKECPV UCNG 5RTKPI ņ = CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CGU ITCXGŌ DQVJ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

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'IIGT $TÒFGT 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*'4 4¤/+5%*'4 70& $;<#06+0+5%*'4 /ª0 <'0 &'5 6*'1&14 2419' +0 /15-#7 9KGP 0QXGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 5RKPG URNKVVKPI YQWNF DGPGHKV HTQO DKPFKPI 8GT[ IQQF +ORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

'IIGT $TÒFGT '+0'4 #.6'0 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 *#7265 %*.+%* 810 5+%+.+'0 9KGP &GEGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU $KPFKPI RGTKUJGF YKVJ UKIPCVWTGU CPF RNCVGU NQQUG )QQF 5ECTEG 5RTKPI

'IIGT $TÒFGT )4+'%*+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 #75 &'/ $'5+6<' 54 &74%*.#7%*6 &'5 (ª456'0 %* 7 # 9KGP ,·PPGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG 2JQVQEQR[ VGZV YKVJ HWNN QTKIKPCN UGV QH RNCVGU NGCXGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF 0GCT HKPG #P QTKIKPCN UGV QH VJG RNCVGU KUUWGF HQT VJKU UCNG VJG %JCEJQYUM[ EQNNGEVKQP CNQPI YKVJ C RJQVQEQR[ QH VJG JCPF RTKEGF VGZV 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP RTQXKPEKCN EQKPUŌ?

'IIGT $TÒFGT )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 9KGP 0QXGODGT VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DTQYP JCNH ECNH YKVJ OQVVNGF DQCTFU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP KPM $KPFKPI SWKVG YQTP DWV JQNFKPI 8GT[ IQQF QT UQ 6JG .GUVTCPIGU EQNNGEVKQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

'IIGT $TÒFGT )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 &17$.'66'0 &'4 /ª0<'05#//.70)'0 &'5 #..'4*¤%*56'0 -#+5'4*#75'5 70& #75 #0&'4'/ $'5+6< 9KGP ,CPWCT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP KPM 0GCT HKPG # UECTEG CPF KORQTVCPV UCNG KPENWFKPI OCVGTKCN HTQO VJG /ÒP\ECDKPGVVU 9KGP # UOCNN EQORQPGPV CRRGCTU VQ JCXG DGGP EQPUKIPGF D[ $CEJQHGP XQP 'EJV 5RTKPI PQVGU VJCV Ō.QVU ņ CPF CTG VJG 6JCUQU JQCTF + ) % * CTEJCKE FTCEJOU QH 6JCUQU Ō %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KO RQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

'IIGT $TÒFGT #7-6+105 %#6#.1) 5#//.70) //' %* 814/#.5 &4 ('0'4.; $'; '6% )4+'%*+5%*' 4¤/+5%*' 70& $;<#06+0+5%*' /ª0<'0 9KGP 0QXGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

'IIGT $TÒFGT 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 5#//.70) '+0'5 $'-#006'0 9+'0'4 #/# 6'745 9KGP #RTKN WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV 4QOCP EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 6JG *GT\HGNFGT EQNNGEVKQP $KDNKQVJGM *QHOCPP UVCORU 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4Q OCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

'IIGT $TÒFGT )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 #75 8'45%*+'&'0'/ $'5+6< 9KGP 0QXGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPFYTKVKPI QP URKPG XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT +ORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

(GWCTFGPV (T½TGU %1..'%6+10 /+.' %#410 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 (4#0 #+5'5 41;#.'5 '6 5'+)0'74+#.'5 2CTKU ņ F¾EGODTG VQ UQOGYJCV NCVGT VCP JCNH NKPGP CPF OCTDNGF DQCTFU TGF URKPG NCDGN IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU DQWPF KP ZKK RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 6JG UECTEG ECVCNQIWG QH VJG KPKVKCN RCTV QH VJKU PQVCDNG EQNNGEVKQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

(GWCTFGPV (T½TGU /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 #06+37'5 2418'0#06 '0 /#,'74' 2#46+' &' .# %1..'%6+10 &ŉ70 #46+56' (4#0 #+5 2CTKU ņ LWKP 5OCNN VQ UQOGYJCV NCVGT VCP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 2CTVN[ JCPF RTKEGF $KPFKPI C DKV URQVVGF PGCT HKPG =YKVJ? (GWCTFGPV (T½TGU / &#+..'5 #06+37'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 2CTKU ņ OCK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU # DKV YTKPMNGF 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT =YKVJ? (GWCTFGPV (T½TGU /100#+'5 #06+37'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 2418'0#06 &' .# %1..'%6+10 &ŉ70 #46+56' 2CTKU F¾EGODTG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 9TCRU EJKRRGF CPF NQQUG EQPVGPVU C VTKHNG DTQYPGF )QQF VQ XGT[ IQQF 6JTGG UCNGU QH VJG /CVJG[ EQNNGEVKQP (KTUV XQNWOG GZ NKDTKU #IPGU $CNFYKP 5RTKPI CPF

(GWCTFGPV (T½TGU %1..'%6+10 )756#8' $74'. /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 '6 (4#0 #+5'5 2CTKU ņ LWKP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

(GWCTFGPV (T½TGU CPF *GPTK .GOCP %1..'%6+10 &7 /#437+5 &' 64#;0'. /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 '6 1$,'65 &ŉ#46 &7 :8++' 5+ %.' 2CTKU ņ CXTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP RGPEKN YKVJ OCP[ DW[GTUŉ PCOGU 0GCT HKPG # UECTEG UCNG TCTG YKVJ PCOGU 5RTKPI

(GWCTFGPV (T½TGU %1..'%6+10 9 6#.$16 4'#&; /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41 /#+0'5 2CTKU ņ LWKNNGV XQ OQFGTP VCP ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP DNCEM RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU =YKVJ? (GWCTFGPV (T½TGU %1..'%6+10 &' /#&#/' 8#.'66' /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 $;<#06+0'5 '6 (4#0 #+5'5 2CTKU ņ LWKP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? (GWCTFGPV (T½TGU %1..'%6+105 & '6 ) /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 (4#0 #+5'5 '6 64#0) 4'5 ,'6105 '6 / &#+..'5 / &#+..+'4 '6 .+84'5 2CTKU LWKP XQ OQFGTP DNWG ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU (KPG 6JTGG UCNGU SWKVG UECTEG 5RTKPI CPF

(GWCTFGPV (T½TGU %1..'%6+10 *+45%* 5'%10&' 8'06' /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 '6 64#0) 4'5 / &#+..'5 '6 2.#%37'66'5 $+$.+16* 37' 07/+5/#6+37' '6 #4%* 1.1)+37' 2CTKU LWKNNGV XQ NCVGT VCP JCNH ENQVJ YKVJ OCTDNGF DQCTFU TGF URKPG NCDGN IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU # XGT[ TCTG UCNG VJG HKTUV YG TGECNN JCPFNKPI KP VJG RCUV [GCTU QT UQ

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

(GWCTFGPV (T½TGU CPF *GPTK .GOCP %#6#.1)7' &'5 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41 /#+0'5 / &#+..'5 #46+56+37'5 (4#0 #+5'5 '6 64#0) 4'5 %1/215#06 .# %1..'%6+10 '0)'. )415 2CTKU F¾EGODTG VQ OQFGTP DNWG ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU CPF OGFCNU (KPG +PENWFGU KORQTVCPV 4GPCKUUCPEG OGFCNU 5ECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP /QFGUVK Ō5K EKVC C RWTQ VKVQNQ FK TKUEQPVTQ KP SWCPVQ RTGUGPVCŇCPEJG HQVQITCHCVGŇRCTGEEJKG OGFCINKG KVCNKCPG SWCVVTQņEKPSWGEGPVGUEJG QTKIK PCNK CNEWPG XGTCOGPVG TCTG Ō 5RTKPI

(GWCTFGPV (T½TGU *GPTK .GOCP 2 (QWT[ %#6#.1)7' &'5 #06+37+6 5 41/#+0'5 '6 &'5 1$,'65 &ŉ#46 '6 &' *#76' %74+15+6 $410<'5 #4)'06'4+' $+,17: $#)7'5 2+'44'5 )4#8 '5 +81+4'5 /#7: 5%7.2674'5 / &#+..'5 /+0+# 674'5 1$,'65 8#4+ 5 #4/'5 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 #06+37'5 %1/215#06 .# %1..'%6+10 &' / % %¢6' 2CTKU F¾EGODTG $TQCF XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU EQPVKPWQWU VQPG RNCVGU /QUVN[ JCPF RTKEGF (QNFGF CPF C DKV YQTP XGT[ IQQF QT UQ 4CTG 9JKNG VJG CPVKSWKVKGU CTG JKIJNKIJVGF KP VJG VKVNG VJG UCNG FQGU KPENWFG UQOG KORQTVCPV )TGGM EQKPU OQUVN[ HTQO 6CTGPVWO #VJGPU CPF 5KEKN[ 'Z /ÒP\JCPFNWPI $CUGN YKVJ VJGKT UVCOR 5RTKPI

(NQTCPIG ,WNGU CPF .QWKU %KCPK /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 2418'0#06 &'5 %1..'%6+105 &7 %1.10'. #..166' &' .# (ª;' 2CTKU ņ H¾XTKGT %TQYP VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ HWNN DTQYP ECNH URKPG YKVJ HQWT TCKUGF DCPFU TWNGF CPF NGVVGTGF KP IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 2TKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? (NQTCPIG ,WNGU CPF .QWKU %KCPK /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 %1057.#+4'5 +/2 4+#.'5 /100#+'5 $;<#06+0'5 2418'0#06 &'5 %1..'%6+105 &7 %1.10'. #..166' &' .# (ª;' &'7:+ /' 8'06' 2CTKU ņ CXTKN %TQYP VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ HWNN DTQYP ECNH URKPG YKVJ HQWT TCKUGF DCPFU TWNGF CPF NGVVGTGF KP IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH 4QOCP EQKPU 2TKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV (KPG #P KORQTVCPV EQNNGEVKQP 6JG HKTUV RCTV KU GZ #IPGU $CNFYKP YKVJ JGT DQQMRNCVG CNUQ GZ 4QUUK &QOGPEQ 6JG UGEQPF RCTV KU GZ &QOGPKEQ )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI CPF UVCVKPI VJCV VJG FCVG QH VJG UGEQPF UCNG YCU EJCPIGF VQ ņ OCK = CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

)GOKPK 0WOKUOCVKE #WEVKQPU #7%6+105 +ņ8+ 0GY ;QTM ņ 5KZ KNNWUVTCVGF ECVCNQIWGU VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP UKNXGT HKPCN VYQ YKVJ LCEMGVU QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP (KPG 5RGEKCN *CTFEQXGT 'FKVKQPU

)KNJQHGT 4CPUEJDWTI CPF #FQNRJ *GUU 5#//.70) (4#0< 64#7 /ª0<'0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+5'4 9KGP /CK WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU

RCIGU NQVU HKPG RQTVTCKV RNCVGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU &WUV[ PGCT HKPG # UECTEG CPF KORQTVCPV UCNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP Ō%QNNGEVKQP VT½U KORQTVCPVG Ō 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

)NGPFKPKPI %Q CPF $ # 5GCD[ 01 %#6#.1)7' 1( # 5#.' 1( )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 6*' 2412'46; 1( ) 9 /155 '53 1( .10&10 #0& 8#4+175 16*'4 %1..'%6145 .QPFQP &GE RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU =YKVJ? )NGPFKPKPI %Q CPF $ # 5GCD[ 01 %#6#.1)7' 1( # 5#.' 1( )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 (41/ 8#4+175 %1..'%6+105 +0 '0).#0& (4#0%' )'4/#0; +6#.; #0& #/'4+%# .QPFQP ņ ,WN[ RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU $QVJ UCNGU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU (KTUV C DKV UVCKPGF UGEQPF YKVJ XCNWCVKQP NKUV 8GT[ IQQF QT UQ 6YQ UECTEG ECVCNQIWGU 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH %GNVKE EQKPUŌ? CPF

)NGPFKPKPI %Q %#6#.1)7' 1( # %*1+%' %1..'%6+10 1( 41/#0 5'56'46++ #0& &7210&++ (14/'& $; 6*' 4'8 ' # 5;&'0*#/ .QPFQP &GE XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU RTKEGU TGCNK\GF RTKPVGF D[ GCEJ NQV &COR UVCKPGF CV VQR OCTIKP GNUG XGT[ IQQF 9KVJ /C[ %QNKP -TCC[ UCNG CU YGNN /CKP UCNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI

)NGPFKPKPI %Q %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' +/2146#06 %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- 41/#0 '0).+5* #0& 5%166+5* %1+05 (14/'& $; 6*' .#6' 8 , ' 4;#0 '53 (+456 2#46 '0).+5* #0& 5%166+5* )1.& %1+05 6*+4& 2#46 #0%+'06 )4''- %1+05 (1746* 2#46 41/#0 )1.& %1+05 (+(6* 2#46 41/#0 5+.8'4 #0& $410<' %1+05 .QPFQP ņ (QWT XQNWOGU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU RCIGU NQVU ņ ņ HKPG RNCVGU 6JG 'PINKUJ 5EQVVKUJ CPF 4QOCP )QNF UCNGU HGCVWTGU RTKPVGF RTKEGU 0COGU YTKVVGP QP URKPGU 8GT[ IQQF # UKIPKHKECPV UGTKGU QH UCNGU YKVJ 2CTV +8 DGKPI CP KORQTVCPV UCNG QH 4QOCP IQNF EQKPU HGCVWTKPI ŌC TGOCTMCDN[ HKPG UGTKGU QH CWTGK HTQO VJG GCTNKGUV VKOGU VQ VJG TGKIP QH 'NCICDCNWU # & ņ Ō 5RTKPI CPF = CPF CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

)NGPFKPKPI %Q %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' +/2146#06 %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- 41/#0 4'27$.+%#0 +/2'4+#. $;<#06+0' #0& $4+6+5* %1+05 (14/'& $; 6*' .#6' *'04; 2.#66 *#.. '53 2#46 + )4''- %1+05 41/#0 4'27$.+%#0 %1+05 +/2'4+#. %1+05 61 6+$'4+#5 #0& 07/+5/#6+% $11-5ő 2#46 ++ 41/#0 +/2' 4+#. %1+05 #0& $;<#06+0' 5'4+'5 .QPFQP ,WN[ ņ CPF 0QX ņ 6YQ ECVC NQIWGU XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KTUV UCNG JCPF RTKEGF KP RGPEKN 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT +ORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI CPF = CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ DQVJ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

)NGPFKPKPI %Q 5#.'5 1( '0).+5* %1+05 .QPFQP ņ (QWT UCNGU 2CTUQPU /C[ .CF[ &WXGGP ņ 5GRV $TGVVGNN %QKPU QH 'ZGVGT 1EV CPF /CEM 2CTV ++ /CT $QVJ XGTUKQPU QH VJG 'ZGVGT ECVCNQIWG RTGUGPV XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU #NN DWV &WXGGP YKVJ RTKEGU 8GT[ IQQF +PENWFGU UQOG KORQTVCPV UCNGU

)NGPFKPKPI %Q %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' +/2146#06 %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- )1.& #0& 5+.8'4 %1+05 6*' 2412'46; 1( # 01$.'/#0 .QPFQP ņ #RTKN XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU 6KVNG YTKVVGP QP URKPG 0GCT HKPG 6JG KORQTVCPV EQNNGEVKQP QH %QWPV FG .CXCN ECVCNQIWGF D[ )GQTIG /WNNGT /CPXKNNG 4QDGTVUQP RCIG 5RTKPI

*CODWTIGT ,QUGRJ #7%6+105 %#6#.1) &'4 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*'4 70& 4¤/+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 %1057.#4/ª0<'0 -#+5'4/ª0<'0 $;<#06+0'4 #75 &'/ $'5+6<' &'5 Ŏ *'440 241('5514 &4 4'+0*#4& 57%*+'4 +0 *#0#7 &'5 Ŏ *'440 /#: 4+66'4 810 9+./'45&¤4(('4 +0 /ª0%*'0 70& &'5 *'440 &4 5 ő +0 / ő (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP ,WPK WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU %JKRRGF EQXGTU PGCVN[ TGRCKTGF YKVJ VCRG 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT Ō&GFKECVKQPUGZGORNCT Ō 8GT[ UECTEG 5RTKPI

*CODWTIGT . . %#6#.1) '+0'4 5#//.70) )'9 *.6 5%*¤0'4 )4+'%*+5%*'4 70& 4¤/+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 '+0'5 #75. 0&+5%*'0 %#8#.+'45ő (TCPMHWTV C / 1EVQDGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG .KEJV FTWEM RNCVG (KPG 5ECTEG +PENWFGU UQOG KORQTVCPV EQKPU 5RTKPI

*CODWTIGT .GQ %#6#.1) 5#//.70) #06+-'4 /ª0<'0 &'5 *'440 241('5514 &4 %746+75 +0 $100 )4+'%*'0 70& 4¤/'4 %105+)0#6+10'0 #75 2#. 56+0# 7 # 1 ,ª&+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP &G\GODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVG %QXGTU YQTP IQQF VQ XGT[ IQQF =YKVJ? *CODWTIGT .GQ %#6#.1) /ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0 #06+-' /+66'.#.6'4 70& 0'7<'+6 #75 8'45%*+'&'0'/ $'5+6< 4'+%*' 5'4+'0 )4+'%*'0 70& 4¤/'4 )4155' 57+6'0 810 /#:+/+.+#0 + )756#8 #&1.2* (4+'&4+%* 8 8 & 2(#.< 9+06'4-¤0+) /106(146 '6% '6% 8+'.' 5'.6'0*'+6'0 #..'456'0 4#0)'5 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 0QXGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU %QXGTU C DKV YQTP XGT[ IQQF 5ECTEG UCNGU 5RTKPI CPF

*CODWTIGT .GQ 5#//.70) )'*'+/4#6 810 -#7(/#00 Ŏ #06+-' /ª0<'0 )4+'%*'0 4¤/'4 $#4$#4'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP /CK WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV NCKF KP 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? *CODWTIGT .GQ 5#//.70) '+0'5 &'765%*'0 +0&7564+'..'0 &7$.'66'0 &'5 $'4.+0'4 /ª0<-#$+0'665 #06+-' $#4$#4'0 9ª466'/$'4) 70& #0)4'0<'0&' )'$+'6' 1.&'0$74) -7056/'&#+..'0 #..)'/'+0'5 &#$'+ 8+'.' )1.&/ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP /CK WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? *CODWTIGT .GQ #.6' #75. 0&+5%*' 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 <'064#.)4+'%*'0.#0& #5+'0 #(4+%# 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*'4 70& 4¤/+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP ņ ,WPK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQPU NKUV (KPG =YKVJ? *CODWTIGT .GQ #75)'9 *.6' 5'4+' 810 /ª0<'0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 4'27$.+- )1.&/ª0<'0 5#//.70) #75 #75. 0&+5%*'/ $' 5+6< $4#-6'#6'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP /CK WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV (KPG =YKVJ? *CODWTIGT .GQ *'48144#)'0&' 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*'4 70& 4¤/+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 1MVQDGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV NCKF KP 0GCT HKPG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH EQKPU QH VJG DCTDCTKCP OKITCVKQPUŌ? 5RTKPI RTKOCTKN[ CVVTKDWVGF VQ VJG 7PIGT EQNNGEVKQP =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH EQKPU QH VJG DCTDCTKCP OKITCVKQPUŌ? 5RTKPI SWQVKPI (QTTGT CVVTKDWVKPI EQNNGEVKQP VQ 0KMNQXKV\ KP $WFCRGUV =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ? 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ? 5RTKPI KPENWFKPI EQKPU HTQO VJG ,COGUQP EQNNGEVKQP

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

*CODWTIGT .GQ *'48144#)'0&' 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 $'510&'45 4'+%*' 5'4+'0 810 5+%+.+'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP #RTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV %QXGTU C DKV YQTP 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 5KPINGF QWV D[ DKDNKQRJKNG &CP -QRRGTUOKVJ CU VJG OQUV KORQTVCPV *CODWTIGT UCNG HQT CTEJCKE CPF ENCUUKECN EQKPU 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

*GDGTNG , / &+' /ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0 5#//.70) 2'6'4 ,15'2* 5%*#..'0 $'4) <7 -¤.0 + #$6*'+.70) &+' /ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0 &'5 #.6'46*7/5 ++ #$6*'+.70) /'&#+..'0 70& /ª0<'0 &'5 /+66'.#.6'45 70& &'4 0'7<'+6 -ÌNP ņ 1EVQDGT XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU HKPG HTQPVKURKGEG RQTVTCKV NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH 4QOCP EQKPU 1PG NGCH UNKEGF CHHGEVKPI OCTIKP C DKV 0GCT HKPG 4CTG 6JG VKVNG RCIG KFGPVKHKGU *GDGTNG CU Ō* .GORGTV\ŉ 5ÌJPG Ō 9KVJ VJTGG RNCVGU FGRKEVKPI CPEKGPV EQKPU VJKU UGGOU VQ DGNQPI KP 5RTKPI DWV KU PQV NKUVGF VJGTGKP

*GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH 5#//.70) Ŏ *1(4#6 *'4/#00 )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 /ÒPEJGP 1MVQDGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ

RCIGU ņ NQVU ņ HKPG RNCVGU XCNWCVKQP NKUV NCKF KP 5QOG YGCT VQ EQXGTU 0GCT HKPG 6JG *GNDKPI ECVCNQIWGU CTG WPFGTCRRTGEKCVGF CPF KP OCP[ YC[U CTG CP WPVCRRGF TGUQWTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI PQVKPI VJCV VJKU YCU RWDNKUJGF KP CDTKFIGF XGTUKQPU CU YGNN CU VJG HWNN XGTUKQP VJKU KU VJG CDTKFIGF XGTUKQP QH VJG NCTIG IGPGTCN UCNG KV KPENWFGU CNN QH *GTOCPPŉU CPEKGPV EQKPU =CNUQ NKUVGF D[ 5RTKPI WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CGU ITCXGŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

*GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH #75 &'/ $'5+6< '+0'5 $'-#006'0 014&&'765%*'0 5#//.'45 )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 7 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 &4'+ '/#+..+'46' )1.&-.'+01&+'0 /ª0<'0 7 /'&#+..'0 8+'.'4 <'+6'0 70& . 0&'4ő 4755+5%*' )1.&ņ 7 2.#6+0# /ª0<'0ő 5%*9#.$#%*ņ 70& 4'+%*5 /ª0<'0ő /ÒPEJGP /·T\ VQ NCVGT DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV DQWPF KP 0GCT HKPG 6JG )WVVNGT EQNNGEVKQP +PENWFGU UQOG KORQTVCPV 4WUUKCP EQKPU 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

*GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 #75 #75. 0&+5%*'/ 24+8#6$'5+6< +0$'510&'4' )4155)4+'%*'0.#0& 70& 5+%+.+'0 /ÒPEJGP 0QXGODGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU ņ RCIGU ņ NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP KPM 0GCT HKPG 6JG .NQ[F FWRNKECVGU +ORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

*GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 + 5#//.70) #75)'9 *.6'4 '4*#.670)'0 #75 &'/ $'5+6< '+0'5 5ª&&'765%*'0 5#//.'45 ++ #75 8'45%*+'&'0'/ $'5+6< /ÒPEJGP ,WPK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU ņ NGCXGU HGCVWTKPI VGZV CPF HKPG EQKP KNNWUVTCVKQPU RCIGU NQVU ņ HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? *GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 4'27$.+- -#+5'4 $;< #06+0'4 5#//.70) &'5 Ŏ 241('55145 &4 24+: /ÒPEJGP #RTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 5QOG RGP CPF RGPEKN OCTMKPIU 0GCT HKPG (KTUV UCNG KU CP CVVTCEVKXGN[ RTQFWEGF UCNG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ? 5GEQPF UCNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

*GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH #06+-' /ª0<'0 )4+'%*'0 4¤/'4 $#4$#4'0 #75 #75. 0&+5%*'/ $'5+6< /ÒPEJGP ,CPWCT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU

RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH %GNVKE EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

*GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH #06+-' /ª0<'0 /ÒPEJGP &G\GODGT VQ NCVGT DNWG ENQVJ IKNV

RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU *CPF RTKEGF KP KPM (KPG 'Z $GTPJCTF 5EJWNVG YKVJ JKU DQQMRNCVG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

*GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH #06+-' /ª0<'0 8'4-#7(5-#6#.1) :8++ <7 ('56'0 24'+5'0 /ÒPEJGP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NKUVKPIU HKPG RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? *GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH 8'456'+)'470)5 -#6#.1) #06+-' /ª0<'0 52#0+'0 70& 52#0+5%* #/'4+-# 4¤/+5%* &'765%*'5 4'+%* ¤56'44'+%* ő /ÒPEJGP &G\GODGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU GUVKOCVG NKUV 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? *GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH /ª0<'0 #..'4 . 0&'4ő )1.&/ª0<'0 4¤/+5%* &'765%*'5 4'+%* 5#.<$74) .+6'4#674 /ÒPEJGP #RTKN VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ TWUUGV ENQVJ YKVJ DNCEM NGVVGTKPI RCIGU NQVU HTQPVKURKGEG RQTVTCKV HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV $KPFKPI C DKV YQTP XGT[ IQQF # UKIPKHKECPV HKZGF RTKEG QHHGTKPI CPF VYQ CWEVKQP ECVCNQIWGU 6JG UGEQPF XQNWOG KPENWFGU C VGP RCIG KPVTQFWEVKQP VQ VJG QT UQ NQVU QH 5RCPKUJ CPF 5RCPKUJ #OGTKECP EQKPCIG KPENWFGF YKVJKP +ORQTVCPV CPF PQV YGNN MPQYP KP #OGTKECP EKTENGU 5RTKPI

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

*GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 4¤/+5%* &'765%*'5 4'+%* ¤56'44'+%* '6% )'+56.+%*-'+6 /+66'.#.6'4 %*+0# 14&'0 '*4'0 <'+%*'0 .+6'4#674 /ÒPEJGP #WIWUV VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU XCNWCVKQP NKUV 0GCT HKPG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

*GNDKPI 1VVQ 0CEJH #06+-' /ª0<'0 /+66'.#.6'4 9'.6.+%*' 70& )'+56.+%*' *'44'0 4'%*'02('00+)' /#4-'0 61-'0 #75.#0& 14&'0 5%*9#.$#%* 4'+%*5/ª0<'0 .+6'4#674 /ÒPEJGP 0QXGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ NCVGT ITGGP JCNH ENQVJ CPF OQVVNGF UKFGU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPU Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

*GUU #FQNRJ 5#//.70) 6*'1&14 41*&' 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 $;<#06+0+5%*' /ª0<'0 156)16*'0 9'56)16*'0 8#0&#.'0 8'0'6+#0'4 70)#40 5+'$'0$ª4)'4 70& #74'.+#0 &17$.'66'0 5#//.70) (TCPMHWTV C / /CK XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ YJKVG ENQVJ DCEMGF ITGGP DQCTFU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 4CTG CPF SWKVG KORQTVCPV .QV Ō5RQPUKCP Ō HGCVWTGU C HWNN RCIG QH EQOOGPVCT[ D[ VJG PQVGF )GTOCP PWOKUOCVKUV 2CWN ,QUGRJ 6JKU UCNG YCU VJG HKTUV VQ QHHGT CPF FGRKEV C EQKP QH 5RQPUKCPWU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

*GUU #FQNRJ )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 *+52#0+# )#..+# +6#.+# 5+%+.+# &17$.'6 6'0 &'5 -). /ª0<%#$+0'65 <7 $'4.+0 #75 &'/ #0-#7( &'4 5#//.70) &'5 *'440 &4 +/*1( $.7/'4 UKE 4¤/+5%*' )1.&/ª0<'0 #75 &'0 (70&'0 810 .7-514 70& #.':#0&4+'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP ņ 1MVQDGT XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 4CTGN[ QHHGTGF 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

*GUU #FQNRJ )1.& 56#6'4' #.':#0&'45 &'5 )4155'0 810 /#%'&10+'0 70& &'5 -¤0+)5 .;5+/#%*75 810 6*4#%+'0 #75 '+0'/ +0 -.'+0#5+'0 )'*1$'0'0 /ª0<(70&' (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 1MVQDGT XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 1TKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRRGTU C NKVVNG YQTP 8GT[ IQQF =YKVJ? *GUU #FQNRJ *'4/#00 &#00'0$'4)5 07/+5/#6+5%*'4 0#%*.#55 #06+-'ņ/+66'.#.6'4ņ0'7<'+6 -¤.0+5%*' /ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0 7 # #75 &'/ 0#%*.#55' &'5 *'440 (4#0< /'4-'05 5#//.70) 810 56 &6'ņ/ª0<'0 70& ņ/'&#+..'0 (TCPMHWTV 0QXGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG XQ NCVGT ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP

RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 6YQ UECTEG UCNGU 5GEQPF XQNWOG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

*GUU #FQNRJ -7056/'&#+..'0 70& 2.#37'66'0 *#7265 %*.+%* #75 &'4 2'4+ 1&' &'4 +6#.+'0+5%*'0 4'0#+55#0%' &4+66'4 6*'+. &'4 5#//.70) &'5 *'440 6 9 )4''0' 4¤/+5%*' )1.&/ª0<'0 #75 );26+5%*'0 #75)4# $70)'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 1EVQDGT XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU VJG HKTUV C FQWDNG RNCVG WUGF VYKEG *CPF RTKEGF YKVJ RTKPVGF RTKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 8GT[ TCTG +ORQTVCPV HQT 4GPCKUUCPEG OGFCNU

*GUU #FQNRJ )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 014& 70& /+66'. )4+'%*'0.#0& 2'.12100'5 )4+'%*+5%*' +05'.0 &17$.'66'0 &'5 -¤0+). /ª0<%#$+0'65 <7 $'4.+0 #75 &'/ #0-#7( &'4 5#//.70) &'5 *'440 &4 +/*11( $.7/'4 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP ņ /·T\ XQ OQFGTP DTQYP JCNH ENQVJ CPF OCTDNGF DQCTFU QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 1TKIKPCN RTKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV DQWPF KP 6GZV DTQYPGF 0GCT HKPG # XGT[ UECTEG UCNG HGCVWTKPI VJG UGEQPF RCTV QH +OJQQH $NWOGT 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

*GUU #FQNRJ )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 #5+'0 Ň #(4+-# &17$.'66'0 &'5 -¤0+). /ª0<%#$+0'65 <7 $'4.+0 #75 &'/ #0-#7( &'4 5#//.70) &'5 *'440 &4 +/*11( $.7/'4 0'$56 '+0'4 -.'+0'0 5'4+' )4155)4+'%*+5%*'4 7 # /ª0 <'0 #75 #0&'4'/ $'5+6< (TCPMHWTV C / 1MVQDGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 1TKIKPCN RTKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV NCKF KP 6GZV C DKV DTQYPGF PGCT HKPG 8GT[ UECTEG HGCVWTKPI VJG VJKTF RCTV QH +OJQQH $NWOGT 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CP EKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

*GUU #FQNRJ #7%6+105 %#6#.1) 8'45%*+'&'0'4 /ª0<5#//.70)'0 + 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 70& 0'7'4' /ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0 +0 ('+056'4 '4*#.670) ++ 0'7'4' &122'.6#.'4 6*#.'4 70& &122'.)7.&'0 5#//.70) &'5 *'440 '4056 )'550'4 +0 #.6'0$74) (TCPMHWTV C / 1MVQDGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG XQ NCVGT DTQYP JCNH ENQVJ YKVJ OCTDNGF UKFGU IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 5RTKPI

*GUU #FQNRJ #7%6+105 %#6#.1) '+0'4 *'48144#)'0&'0 5#//.70) 810 /ª0 <'0 &'4 4¤/+5%*'0 4'27$.+- +0 ('+056'4 '4*#.670) 0'$56 '+0'4 5'4+' 810 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+5'4 /ª0<'0 5#//.70) )4#( 61.561+ 56 2'6'45$74) (TCPM HWTV CO /CKP /·T\ WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 5ECTEG +PENWFGU VJG RTQURGEVWU HQT 6QNUVQÅŉU /QPPCKGU D[\CPVKPGU 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ?

*GUU #FQNRJ #7%6+105 %#6#.1) 5%*¤0'4 5'4+'0 810 )4+'%*+5%*'0 /ª0<'0 70& $#4$#4+5%*'0 24 )70)'0 4¤/+5%*'0 -#+5'4/ª0<'0 6'55'4'0 52+064+'0 70& %106140+#6'0 /'+56 #75 &'/ $'5+6<' '+0'5 4755+5%*'0 5#//.'45 70& +0 &'55'0 #7(64#)' (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 0QXGODGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? *GUU #FQNRJ 5#//.70) &'5 *'440 ,1#%*+/ 5%*';'4 +0 /#+.#0& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP &G\GODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ NCVGT OCTQQP ENQVJ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF HTQPV ECTF EQXGT OQWPVGF RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? *GUU #FQNRJ 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 /'+56 810 814<ª).+%*56'4 '4*#.670) 70& 810 ('+056'/ 56+. (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP ņ /·T\ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 6JTGG UECTEG UCNGU 6JG HKTUV KU VJG EQNNGEVKQP QH 6JGQFQT 2TQYG QH /QUEQY 5RTKPI 5GEQPF XQNWOG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ? 6JKTF XQNWOG KU VJG UCNG QH VJG . 8KGTQTFV EQNNGEVKQP 5RTKPI *GUU #FQNRJ 8'456'+)'470)5 -#6#.1) 810 /ª0<'0 7 /'&#+..'0 8'45%*+' &'0'4 . 0&'4 5#//.70) 4¤/+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 0QXGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU %QXGTU TGRCKTGF XGT[ IQQF 4CTG

*GUU #FQNRJ #06+-' /ª0<'0 $#4$#4'0 )4+'%*'0 4¤/'4 $;<#06+0'4 156)16*'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP ņ ,WPK XQ NCVGT ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU 5QOG OCTIKP TGRCKTU XGT[ IQQF =YKVJ? *GUU #FQNRJ 5#//.70) &'5 *'440 #46*74 .¤$$'%-' $4#705%*9'+) )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 07/+5/#6+5%*' $+$.+16*'- (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP ,CPWCT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU # DKV UWPPGF GNUG HKPG (KTUV XQNWOG TCTG 5GEQPF XQNWOG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

*GUU #FQNRJ 5#//.70) 81)'. )4+'%*'0 4¤/'4 $;<#06+0'4 $4#-6'#6'0 /'&#+..'0 (TCPMHWTV C / /·T\ WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV (KPG #P KORQTVCPV UCNG 8GT[ UECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

*GUU #FQNRJ 70+8'45#. 5#//.70) /ª0<'0 810 *'55'0 70& 0#55#7 )4+'%*'0 70& 4¤/'4 .+6'4#674 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP 1MVQDGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP RGPEKN 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? *GUU #FQNRJ #06+-' /ª0<'0 5#//.70) - & (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP (GDTWCT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV (KPG =YKVJ? *GUU #FQNRJ )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 5#//.70) Ŏ &4 '7)'0 0+65%* )4#< (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP #RTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV 0GCT HKPG (KTUV XQNWOG 5RTKPI 5GEQPF XQNWOG 5RTKPI 6JKTF XQNWOG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

*GUU #FQNRJ )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 #75 &'/ $'5+6< '+0'5 #75. 0&+5%*'0 /75' 7/5 (TCPMHQTV CO /CKP &G\GODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU

RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG &WRNKECVGU HTQO VJG *GTOKVCIG /WUGWO %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

*GUU #FQNRJ 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 #75 &'0 5#//.70)'0 4'8 '&9 # 5;&'0*#/ / # '4<*'4<1) 5+)+5/70& 810 1'56'44'+%* 7 # .W\GTP #WIWUV WPF HQN IGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 5ECTEG CPF PQVCDNG 5RTKPI

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

*GUU #FQNRJ #7-6+105-#6#.1) 810 )1.&/ª0<'0 #74'+ 41/#0+ 5%*9'+< +6#.+'0 & 0'/#4- .W\GTP /CK RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU XCNWCVKQP NKUV #PEKGPV NQVU JCPF RTKEGF YKVJ DW[GTUŉ KPKVKCNU CPF QVJGT QEECUKQPCN CPPQVCVKQPU =DQWPF YKVJ? *GUU #FQNRJ #75)'9 *.6' /ª0<'0 &'4 #06+-' )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 $;<#06+0+5%*' /ª0<'0 .W\GTP #RTKN RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU XCNWCVKQP NKUV 2TKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV NCKF KP *CPF RTKEGF YKVJ DW[GTUŉ PCOGU QT KPKVKCNU VQ NCVGT OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV 0GCT HKPG 6YQ NCVGT UCNGU JCPF RTKEGF YKVJ PCOGU 5RTKPI HKTUV ECVCNQIWG Ō)QVJC %QNNGEVKQP Ō

*KTUEJ ,CEQD #7%6+105 %#6#.1) '+0'4 $'&'76'0&'0 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 &#$'+ $'/'4-'059'46' 5'4+' )4155 )4+'%*'0.#0& 70& 5+%+.+'0 70& 4¤/+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 0'$56 07/+5/#6+5%*'4 $+$.+16*'- #75 &'/ 0#%*.#55' &'5 *'440 (4#0< /'4-'05 +0 -¤.0 70& '+0'5 #75. 0&+5%*'0 +0)'0+'745 /ÒPEJGP 0Q :+8 0QXGODGT W HH 6CIG VQ NCVGT TGF ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 2TKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV DQWPF KP 8GT[ IQQF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

*QHHOCPP * &'5%4+26+10 &'5 / &#+..'5 )4'%37'5 %1/215#06 .' %#$+0'6 &' ('7 / 24152'4 &724 2CTKU ņ CXTKN 5OCNN VQ OQFGTP OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV XK

RCIGU NQVU HKPGN[ GPITCXGF RNCVGU QH EQKPU D[ &CTFGN *CPF RTKEGF 2TGNKOKPCT[ RCIGU KP RJQVQEQR[ HCEUKOKNG TGUV QH UCNG QTKIKPCN 5RQVVKPI VJTQWIJQWV 8GT[ IQQF QT UQ 8GT[ UECTEG $CDGNQP

*QHHOCPP * %#6#.1)7' &' / &#+..'5 &7 $152*14' %+// 4+'0 (14/#06 .# %1..'%6+10 &' / ,7.'5 .'// 1&'55# 2CTKU ņ OCK XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG NKVJQITCRJKE RNCVGU QH EQKPU D[ &CTFGN *CPFRTKEGF VJTQWIJQWV %QXGT C DKV YQTP XGT[ IQQF #P KORQTVCPV GCTN[ URGEKCNK\GF EQNNGEVKQP 8GT[ UECTEG $CDGNQP

*QHHOCPP * %#6#.1)7' &'5 / &#+..'5 41/#+0'5 %1/215#06 .# %1..'%6+10 &' ('7 / .' /#437+5 &' /1756+'4 2CTKU LWKP GV LQWTU UWKXCPVU XQ EQPVGORQ TCT[ TGF SWCTVGT OQTQEEQ YKVJ OQVVNGF DQCTFU URKPG YKVJ HKXG TCKUGF DCPFU FGEQTCVGF CPF NGVVGTGF KP IKNV OCTDNGF GPFRCRGTU VQR RCIG GFIGU IKNV XKKK RCIGU NQVU GPITCXGF RNCVGU QH EQKPU D[ &CTFGN 0GCT HKPG # OCLQT VJ EGPVWT[ UCNG QH CPEKGPV 4QOCP EQKPU YJKEJ TGCNK\GF HTCPEU $CDGNQP

*QHHOCPP * %1..'%6+10 ('4&+0#0& $1/21+5 / &#+..'5 )4'%37'5 #761 01/'5 .+84'5 &' 07/+5/#6+37' '6 &ŉ#4%* 1.1)+' 2CTKU /G /CWTKEG &GNGUVTG ņ LCPXKGT XQ OQFGTP DNWG ENQVJ IKNV XKK RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU GPITCXGF D[ . &CTFGN /QUVN[ RTKEGF KP RGPEKN YKVJ UQOG DW[GTUŉ PCOGU 0GCT HKPG 6JG XGT[ UECTEG ECVCNQIWG QH CP KORQTVCPV EQNNGEVKQP $CDGNQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI

*QHHOCPP * %1..'%6+10 &' /100#+'5 57+55'5 (14/ ' 2#4 ('7 .' $#410 &' )4#(('04+'& &' $74)'056'+0 /100#+'5 .144#+0'5 &7 %#$+0'6 &' / *

2CTKU /G /CWTKEG &GNGUVTG ņ LWKP XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ ITGGP RGDDNGF DQCTFU RCIGU =VJG VYQ UGEVKQPU DGKPI RCIKPCVGF UGRCTCVGN[? NQVU /QUVN[ JCPF RTKEGF KP RGPEKN YKVJ C HGY DW[GTUŉ PCOGU $KPFKPI XGT[ YQTP YKVJ URKPG VCRGF VKVNG RCIG KP RJQVQEQR[ )QQF VQ XGT[ IQQF #PQVJGT TCTG UCNG 6JG HKTUV EQR[ YG JCXG QHHGTGF KP [GCTU

*QHHOCPP * %1..'%6+10 # &' $'.(146 / &#+..'5 41/#+0'5 2CTKU ņ H¾XTKGT VQ NCVGT OCTQQP SWCTVGT OQTQEEQ YKVJ OCTDNGF DQCTFU URKPG YKVJ HKXG TCKUGF DCPFU NGVVGTGF KP IKNV OCTDNGF GPFRCRGTU QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU YGNN GPITCXGF RNCVGU QH EQKPU GPITCXGF D[ &CTFGN *CPF RTKEGF VJTQWIJQWV 9TCRU YQTP GNUG HKPG #P CVVTCEVKXG EQR[ QH VJKU UECTEG UCNG 'Z $KDNKQVJ½SWG FW %J³VGCW Fŉ+PIGNOWPUVGT NCVGT GZ &QOGPKEQ 4QUUK YKVJ DQVJ DQQMRNCVGU $CDGNQP 5RTKPI

.GORGTV\ /CVJ 8+'4 8'45%*+'&'0' /ª0<'05#//.70)'0 #75 4*'+0+5%*'/ $' 5+6< -ÌNP (GDTWCT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 4CTG

.GORGTV\ /CVJ /ª0<'0 5#//.70) &'5 Ŏ *'440 8#0 8.'76'0 $100 + 6'+. )4+'%*'0 4¤/'4 $;<#06+0'4 -ÌNP (GDTWCT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU =DQWPF YKVJ? .GORGTV\ /CVJ /ª0<'0 5#//.70) &'5 Ŏ *'440 8#0 8.'76'0 $100 ++ 6'+. 70& #0&'4'4 $'5+6< /ª0<'0 &'4 /+66'.#.6'45 70& &'4 0'7<'+6 -ÌNP ņ ,WPK RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU XQ NCVGT DTQYP ENQVJ VKVNG HTQO QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU OQWPVGF QP HTQPV EQXGT (KPG 6JG HKTUV RCTV KU UECTEG VJG UGEQPF KU SWKVG TCTG 5RTKPI HKTUV ECVCNQIWG =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP RTQXKPEKCN EQKPUŌ?

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

.GORGTV\ /CVJ /ª0<'0 5#//.70) #75 &'/ $'5+6<' &'5 *'440 1661 -ª*0'4 $100 '0&'0+%* 70& #0&'4'4 )4+'%*'0 4¤/'4 519+' '+0' )'0'4#. 5#//.70) 810 /ª0<'0 )'+56.+%*'4 -74(ª456'0 0'7(ª456'0 70& 56 &6' +0 4'+%*'0 5'4+'0 -ÌNP 5GRVGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP RGPEKN 0GCT HKPG 4CTG 5RTKPI

.GW $CPM CPF /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP 5#//.70) 9#.6'4 0+))'.'4 ņ 6'+. )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 5%*9'+< +6#.+'0 (QWT ECVCNQIWGU EQO RNGVG $CUGN ņ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU CPF NQVU HTQPVKURKGEG RQTVTCKV RNCVGU KP CNN RTKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUVU NCKF KP 0GCT HKPG #NN HQWT ECVCNQIWGU QH VJKU PQVCDNG EQNNGEVKQP &CGJP )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI ņ = CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ CPF 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

.GW $CPM CPF /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 #75 &'4 5#//.70) '+0'5 -7056(4'70&'5 <ÒTKEJ /CK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV 2JQVQEQR[ 24. 0GCT HKPG # OQUV KORQTVCPV UCNG UWRGTDN[ ECVCNQIWGF CPF KNNWUVTCVGF EQORTKUKPI UGNGEVKQPU HTQO VJG OCIPKHKEGPV %JCTNGU )KNNGV EQNNGEVKQP 1PG QH VJG ITGCV )TGGM EQKP UCNGU QH VJG VYGPVKGVJ EGPVWT[ VJG NQVU TGCNK\GF QXGT HQWT OKNNKQP FQNNCTU &CGJP 5RTKPI ŌVJG -WPUVHTGWPF ECVCNQIWG UGV PGY UVCPFCTFU KP VJG ECVCNQIWKPI QH CPEKGPV EQKPU DQVJ CU VQ UEJQNCTUJKR QH VJG EQPVGPV CPF CTVKUVKE NC[QWVŌ =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

.GW 0WOKUOCVKEU #7%6+10 )4''- %1+05 #0 17656#0&+0) %1..'%6+10 <ÒTKEJ /C[ VQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF #PPQVCVGF VJTQWIJQWV YKVJ UVCTVKPI CPF UGNNKPI RTKEGU CPF YKVJ DW[GTUŉ PCOGU CPF PWODGTU (KPG #EEQTFKPI VQ VJG KPVTQFWEVKQP ŌWPSWGUVKQPCDN[ QPG QH VJG HKPGUV EQNNGEVKQPU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU HQTOGF KP VJG 6YGPVKGVJ %GPVWT[ Ō &CGJP Ō6JG EQNNGEVKQP YCU HQTOGF DGVYGGP CPF D[ C 2QTVWIWGUG EQNNGEVQT CPF EQPVCKPU EQKPU QH JKIJ CTVKUVKE OGTKV KP UWRGTD EQPFKVKQP OCP[ YKVJ KORQTVCPV RTQXGPCPEGU 6JG ECVCNQIWG KP ENWFGU GZVGPUKXG PQVGU TGICTFKPI VJG JKUVQT[ QH VJG EQKPU VJGKT CTVKUVKE KORQTVCPEG CPF VJGKT RTQXGPCPEGU Ō

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/GT\DCEJGT 'WIGP 8'4<'+%*0+55 &'4 810 241( &4 1661 5';(('4 +0 56766)#46 *+06'4.#55'0'0 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*'4 70& 4¤/+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 /ÒPEJGP 1EVQDGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG 6YQ RCTVU KP QPG XQNWOG XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ FGGR DNWG ENQVJ DQTFGTGF CPF NGVVGTGF KP DNCEM XKKK RCIGU NQVU FQWDNG RCIG RNCVG QH OQPQITCOU XGT[ HKPG .KEJVFTWEM RNCVGU QH )TGGM EQKPU XGT[ HKPG .KEJVFTWEM RNCVGU QH 4QOCP EQKPU HKPG OQWPVGF EQKP KNNWUVTCVKQP KP VJG VGZV 0GCT HKPG 'Z NKDTKU #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 0GYGNN 4QQO .KDTCT[ 5ECTEG $CDGNQP 5RTKPI

/GT\DCEJGT 'WIGP 5#//.70) 8'45%*+'&'0'4 /ª0<(4'70&' &#4706'4 8+'.' 5'.6'0*'+6'0 #7( #..'0 )'$+'6'0 70& 4+%*' 5'4+'0 810 /ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0 &'4 )4#('0 810 *1*'0.1*' 70& 0#21.'10 + /ÒPEJGP (GDTWCT VQ NCVGT RNCKP ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU NCTIGN[ FGRKEVKPI OGFCNU (KPG 8GT[ UECTEG

/GT\DCEJGT 'WIGP 0CEJH 4¤/+5%*' 70& )4+'%*+5%*'0 /ª0<'0 5#//.70)'0 #75 &'/ 0#%*.#55' '+0'5 0#/*#(6'0 /ª0%*'0'4 -ª056.'45 70& #75 &'/ $'5+6<' <9'+'4 #75. 0&+5%*'4 #/#6'74' /ÒPEJGP 0QXGODGT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU YKVJ OQWPVGF KNNWUVTCVKQP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG # UECTEG CPF PQVCDNG UCNG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

/GT\DCEJGT 'WIGP 5#//.70)'0 )4+'%*+5%*'4 70& 4¤/+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 + )4+'%*+5%*' /ª0<'0 #75 &'/ $'5+6<' '+0'5 (4#0<¤5+5%*'0 #/#6'745 7 # ++ 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 #75 &'/ $'5+6<' &'5 )'0'4#.5 5 ( *

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NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

/ÒPEJPGT /ÒP\JCPFNWPI -CTN -TG #7%6+10 5#.'5 5CNGU ņ ņ DQWPF KP VYQ XQNWOGU VQ OCVEJKPI ITC[ ENQVJ YKVJ TGF URKPG NCDGNU 5GXGPVGGP ECVCNQIWGU UQOG YKVJ RTKEGU TGCN K\GF NKUVU 8GT[ IQQF (TQO VJG NKDTCT[ QH -WTV # 1UVGT

/ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP .+56'0 # NCTIG ITQWR QH KUUWGU QH / / $CUGNŉU TGIWNCTN[ RWDNKUJGF .KUVGP ņ 2TGUGPV CTG 0QU ņ ņ ņ ņ ņ ņ ņ ņ ņ #NUQ KPENWFGF CTG VJTGG KUUWGU QH VJG 5QPFGTNKUVG *GTDUV HQT CPF /QUV KUUWGU CTG HKPG YKVJ UQOG CPPQVCVGF # TGOCTMCDNG UGTKGU QH HKZGF RTKEG NKUVU KUUWGF QXGT C JCNH EGPVWT[ 6JG[ TGOCKP RCTVKEWNCTN[ WUGHWN CPF KORQTVCPV HQT TGUGCTEJKPI TCTG CPF FGUKTCDNG CPEKGPV EQKPU YJKNG CNUQ HGCVWTKPI KPPWOGTCDNG KORQTVCPV OGFKGXCN CPF OQFGTP 'WTQRGCP EQKPU CPF OGFCNU 6JKU NQV KPENWFGU QH VJG KUUWGU RWDNKUJGF

/ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP 5#//.70) $%& #-#40#0+'0 70& #'61.+'0 5VWVVICTV 1M VQDGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG +ORQTVCPV

0GY ;QTM 5CNG )TQWR =/CTMQX $CNFYKPŉU / /? 6*' 0'9 ;14- 5#.' #7%6+10 ::8++ 6*' 24152'41 %1..'%6+10 0GY ;QTM ,CP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU 7PRCIKPCVGF NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG # XGT[ KORQTVCPV UCNG &CGJP Ō EQKPU QH VJG CTEJCKE ENCUUKECN CPF *GNNGPKUVKE RGTKQFU KPENWFKPI UQOG QH VJG TCTGUV CPF OQUV JKUVQTKECNN[ KORQTVCPV )TGGM EQKPUő /CP[ QH VJG EQKPU DGCT QNF RGFKITGGU Ō

0QOQU #7%6+10 %1+05 1( 6*'55#.; 6*' $%& %1..'%6+10 <ÒTKEJ /C[ VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ENQVJ RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF KP EQNQT 0GY UVKNN KP UJTKPM YTCR 1PG QH VJG JWIGN[ KORQTVCPV $%& ECVCNQIWGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU 6CMGP CU C YJQNG VJGUG GZVTCQTFKPCT[ UCNGU EQORTKUG C OQFGTP UEJQNCTN[ TGHGTGPEG VQ VJG TGIKQPU EQXGTGF

0WOKUOCVKE (KPG #TVU $CPM .GW 6*' )#44'66 %1..'%6+10 #0%+'06 (14'+)0 %1+05 /'&#.5 2CTVU +ņ+++ EQORNGVG $GXGTN[ *KNNU CPF <WTKEJ ņ VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU 1XGT RCIGU PGCTN[ NQVU YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF 'CEJ YKVJ QTKIKPCN QT RJQVQ EQR[ 24. 0GCT HKPG # EQORNGVG UGV QH VJKU GZVTCQTFKPCT[ UGTKGU QH ECVCNQIWGU HGCVWTKPI VJG HQTGKIP CPF CPEKGPV EQKPU HTQO VJKU YGNN MPQYP EQNNGEVKQP &CGJP CPF 2CTVU ++ CPF +++

0WOKUOCVKEC #TU %NCUUKEC 41/#0 +/2'4+#. 5'56'46++ 6*' (4+'&4+%* %1..'%6+10 <ÒTKEJ #RTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU .QVU ņ RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 0WOKUOCVKEC #TU %NCUUKEC #7%6+10 # *+)*.; +/2146#06 %1..'%6+10 1( 41/#0 #0& $;<#06+0' )1.& %1+05 2412'46; 1( #0 '7412'#0 01$.'/#0 <WTKEJ &GE VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG ENQVJ IKNV LCEMGV RCIGU NQVU +NNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJ QWV KP EQNQT #PPQVCVGF VJTQWIJQWV YKVJ UVCTVKPI CPF UGNNKPI RTKEGU CPF OCP[ DW[GTUŉ PCOGU (KPG 6YQ KORQTVCPV UCNGU 6JG NQVU QH VJG UGEQPF XQNWOG DTQWIJV PGCTN[ %*( OKNNKQP

0WOKUOCVKEC #TU %NCUUKEC #7%6+10 6*' $%& %1..'%6+10 .1-4+5ņ2*1-+5 <ÒTKEJ 1EVQDGT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ENQVJ RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF KP EQNQT (KPG 1PG QH VJG JWIGN[ KORQTVCPV $%& ECVCNQIWGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPU

0WOKUOCVKEC #TU %NCUUKEC #7%6+10 6*' 4$9 %1..'%6+10 1( 41/#0 4'27$.+%#0 %1+05 2#46 + <ÒTKEJ ņ 1EVQDGT RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF KP EQNQT (KPG =YKVJ? 0WOKUOCVKEC #TU %NCUUKEC #7%6+10 6*' 4$9 %1..'%6+10 1( 41/#0 4'27$.+%#0 %1+05 2#46 ++ <ÒTKEJ /C[ RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF KP EQNQT (KPG # XGT[ KORQTVCPV VYQ RCTV UCNG QH 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPU

0WOKUOCVKM .CP\ #7-6+10'0 5#//.70) .'1 $'0< 4¤/+5%*' 4'27$ .+- 4¤/+5%*' -#+5'4<'+6 + ++ /ÒPEJGP ņ 6JTGG ECVCNQIWGU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU EQNQT RNCVGU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV EQNNGEVKQP

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2CIG #NHTGF CPF . %KCPK %1..'%6+10 %17674+'4 /100#+'5 #06+37'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 )#7.1+5'5 / 418+0)+'00'5 '6 %#2 6+'00'5 /100#+'5 ( 1&#.'5 '6 64#0) 4'5 / &#+..'5 ,'6105 2CTKU ņ CXTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 7PQRGPGF (KPG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

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2NCVV %N¾OGPV %1..'%6+10 # $17)10 + /100#+'5 #06+37'5 )4'%37'5 41 /#+0'5 $;<#06+0'5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 '6 '64#0) 4'5 .+84'5 &' 07/+5/#6+37' 2CTKU ņ PQXGODTG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU 'UVKOCVG NKUV NCKF KP 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 6JG UCNG DTQWIJV KP GZEGUU QH HTCPEU 5RTKPI

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4CVVQ /CTKQ %1..'%6+10 ' * 5%*9+0) & % ( # % 5 4+'5 +/2146#06'5 &ŉ#'5 )4#8'5 /100#+'5 %1057.#+4'5 /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 2CTKU ņ F¾EGODTG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? 4CVVQ /CTKQ /10'6' +/2'4+#.+ 41/#0' +0 141 ņ #4)'061 ņ $410<1 /KNCPQ )GPPCKQ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 6YQ UCNGU QH 4QOCP EQKPU 6JG HKTUV KU TCTGN[ QHHGTGF %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CGU ITCXGŌ? 5GEQPF XQNWOG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

4CVVQ /CTKQ 8'06' 01 /100#+'5 %1057.#+4'5 /100#+'5 &' .ŉ'/2+4' 41 /#+0 /100#+'5 $;<#06+0'5 #06+37+6 5 /100#+'5 (4#0 #+5'5 2CTKU F¾EGO DTG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 4CVVQ /CTKQ &'7: %1..'%6+105 2#46+%7.+ 4'5 #22#46'0#06 /105+'74 &4 . ) /105+'74 ) /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 2CTKU ņ OCK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 5RTKPI CPF

4CVVQ /CTKQ 8'0&+6' # 24'<<1 (+551 + /10'6' ' /'&#).+' ++ /10'6' #0 6+%*' +++ /10'6' #06+%*' +8 /10'6' &+ <'%%*' +6#.+#0' /KNCPQ ņ (QWT KNNWUVTCVGF ECVCNQIWGU VQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU )GPGTCNN[ PGCT HKPG # UECTEG UGTKGU QH UKIPKHKECPV HKZGF RTKEG ECVCNQIWGU

4CVVQ /CTKQ %1..'<+10' &'. 241( &166 )+14)+1 )+14)+ /10'6' 41/#0' #'5 )4#8' ņ 4'27$$.+%# ņ +/2'41 /10'6' $+<#06+0' &ŉ141 /KNCP ,CP ņ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF CPF PCOGF VJTQWIJQWV $KPFKPI C DKV YGCM XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 'TKEJ $ %CJPŉU RTKEGF CPF PCOGF EQR[ QH VJKU KORQTVCPV UCNG 5RCPU VJG 4QOCP EQKPCIG HTQO CGU ITCXG VQ $[\CP VKWO %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK PQVKPI VJG UCNGŉU OGFCNNKQPU )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KO RQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH $[\CPVKPG EQKPUŌ?

4CVVQ 4QFQNHQ %#6#.1)1 &+ /10'6' 41/#0+ +/2'4+#.+ %1..'<+10+ &'. 5+) ('&'4+%1 9'46* &+ /+.#01 ' &+ #.641 #/#614' /KNCPQ ņ )KWIPQ XQ OQFGTP DNWG OQTQEEQ YKVJ OCTDNGF DQCTFU IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 4CVVQ 4QFQNHQ /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 &' .# 4 27$.+37' ,7537ŉ# .ŉ 2137' &ŉ#7)756' '0 8'06' # 24+: /#437 5 .WICPQ XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NKUVKPIU HKPG RNCVGU .CEMKPI TGCT EQXGT 8GT[ IQQF 6JG HKTUV UCNG KU TCTGN[ QHHGTGF 5RTKPI 6JG UGEQPF XQNWOG KU C UECTEG HKZGF RTKEG NKUV

4CVVQ 4QFQNHQ %#6#.1)1 &'..# %1..'<+10' &'. %106' ) . %140#))+# /'&+%+ %#56+).+10+ &+ /+.#01 $410<+ 41/#0+ &+ $'..# %105'48#<+10' /KNCPQ #RTKNG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

4CVVQ 4QFQNHQ /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 4+%*' %1..'%6+10 52 %+#.+5 ' &#05 .'5 8+..'5 &' .# 24'537ŉ+.' +6#.+37' .WICPQ ņ LCPXKGT XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 'Z NKDTKU #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 0GYGNN 4QQO .KDTCT[ $QPC\\KŉU )TGGM EQKPU +ORQTVCPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CGU ITCXGŌ?

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

4CVVQ 4QFQNHQ %1..'%6+10 '&9#4& # 5;&'0*#/ '53 / # &' 1:(14& '6 &ŉ70 #764' #/#6'74 #'5 )4#8' +6#.+37' /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 %1057.#+4'5 .WICPQ H¾XTKGT RCIGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 2TKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV 6KVNG YTKVVGP QP URKPG 0GCT HKPG +ORQTVCPV RCTVKEWNCTN[ HQT CGU ITCXG 5GNFQO QHHGTGF 6JG RNCVGU CTG HCT UWRGTKQT VQ VJQUG HQWPF KP VJG TGRTKPV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CGU ITCXGŌ CPF ŌUVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ?

4CVVQ 4QFQNHQ /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 %1057.#+4'5 +/2 4+#.'5 '6 $;<#06+0'5 2418'0#06 &'5 %1..'%6+105 / .' %1.10'. 4 * /14%1/ &' $41/5)418' ('7 / .' 4'8 # 9 *#0&5 &' .10&4'5 / ,7.+75 9'46*'+/ &' $'4.+0 '6 &' &'7: #764'5 %1..'%6+100'745 .WICPQ H¾XTKGT GV LQWTU UWKXCPVU XQ NCVGT DNWG ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP KPM 5NKIJVN[ VTKOOGF 0GCT HKPG # UECTEG CPF KORQTVCPV UCNG ECVCNQIWG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

4CVVQ 4QFQNHQ %1..'%6+10 %.#7&+75 %¢6' &' .;10 /100#+'5 &' 6#4'06' .WICPQ ņ LCPXKGT VQ NCVGT DNWG OQTQEEQ YKVJ OCTDNGF UKFGU IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF YTKVVGP RTKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV DQWPF KP (KPG # XGT[ KORQTVCPV UCNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

4CVVQ 4QFQNHQ %1..'%6+10 ,15'2* /#46+0+ &' 0'9 ;14- /100#+'5 &' .# 4 27$.+37' 41/#+0' #'5 )4#8' '6 5'5 4 &7%6+105 5 4+' 41/#01 %#/2#0+'00' .# )7'44' 51%+#.' /100#+'5 &'5 (#/+..'5 (4#22 '5 # 41/' '6 '0 &'*145 24'/+ 4' 2 4+1&' &' .ŉ'/2+4' 41/#+0 ,7537ŉ# .ŉ 2137' &ŉ#7)756' .'5 /10 6#+4'5 &ŉ#7)756' #'5 )4#8' +6#.+37' .WICPQ H¾XTKGT GV LQWTU UWKXCPVU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV NCKF KP 1TKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU C DKV FWUV[ WPQRGPGF 0GCT HKPG #P KORQTVCPV CPF UECTEG UCNG QH 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ?

4CVVQ 4QFQNHQ /100#+'5 $;<#06+0'5 '6 &ŉ#764'5 2#;5 %106'/214#+0'5 .ŉ 2137' $;<#06+0' ő 4GRTKPV #OUVGTFCO VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU RTKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV (KPG =YKVJ? $GTM *CTNCP , CPF 8KEVQT 'PINCPF $;<#0 6+0' %1+05 # &'(+0+6+8' 1(('4+0) 1( $;<#06+0' %122'4 %1+05 ő 0GY ;QTM &GE VQ QTKIKPCN TGF ENQVJ NGVVGTGF KP IKNV RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV RTKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV (KPG (KTUV VKVNG KU VJG TGRTKPV QH VJKU TGOCTMCDNG EQNNGEVKQP HQTOGF D[ 4CVVQ JKOUGNH %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP Ō%CVCNQIWG FG XGPVG CDQPFCOOGPV KNNWUVT¾ GUUGPVKGN EQOOG KPUVTWOGPV FG VTCXCKN Ō 5RTKPI 5GEQPF VKVNG KU VJG URGEKCN JCTFEQXGT GFKVKQP

4KGEJOCPP # %Q .#)'4-#6#.1) + &'4 #06+-'0 #$6'+.70) '06*#.6'0& )4'+%*'0 4¤/'4 70& $;<#06+0'4 *CNNG 5CCNG XQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DTQYP ENQVJ DCEMGF OQVVNGF DQCTFU IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NKUVKPIU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG # TCTG HKZGF RTKEG ECVCNQIWG YKVJ HKPG RNCVGU

4KGEJOCPP # %Q #06+-' )1.&/ª0<'0 6#.'4 70& /'&#+..'0 &'4 0'74'0 <'+6'0 &#4706'4 4'+%*' 4'+*'0 810 $4#0&'0$74) (4#0-'0 $4#70 5%*9'+) 2(#.< 5%*.'5+'0 9ª466'/$'4) &#0<+) /+6 8+'.'0 )4155'0 5'.6'0*'+6'0 *CNNG 5CCNG ņ /·T\ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV 0GCT HKPG 0QVCDNG HQT VCNGTU

4QNNKP (GWCTFGPV %#6#.1)7' &' / &#+..'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 (4#0 #+5'5 '6 5'+)0'74+#.'5 1784#)'5 &' 07/+5/#6+37' %1/215#06 .# %1..'%6+10 &' / .' &1%6'74 #. %1.510 &' 01;10 2CTKU ņ ,WKP XQ OQFGTP DTQYP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU NQVU JCPFUQOG NKVJQITCRJKE RNCVG QH CPEKGPV 4QOCP EQKPU (KPG 8GT[ UECTEG $CDGNQP 5RTKPI

4QNNKP (GWCTFGPV %1..'%6+10 &' / .' %1/6' &' &

/ &#+..'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 '0 14 #4)'06 '6 $410<' 2CTKU ņ OCK XQ OQFGTP DNWG JCNH OQ TQEEQ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF VKVNG OQWPVGF VQ HTQPV RCIGU NQVU HKPG RJQVQV[RG RNCVGU (KPG 6JG EQNNGEVKQP QH %QOVG #ND¾TKE &W %JCUVGN FG NC *QYCTFTKGU HGCVWTKPI ŌWP EJQKZ FG O¾FCKNNGU HCKV UR¾EKCNGOGPV CW RQKPV FG XWG CTVKUVKSWG Ō HQTOGF QXGT VJKTV[ [GCTU CPF KPENWFKPI URGEKOGPU HTQO VJG EQNNGEVKQPU QH %CRTCPGUK %J 4QDGTV 9KICP )TG±W /QWUVKGT $QORQKU 4CEKPG $CIQV $QTIJGUK Fŉ#O¾EQWTV FG 3WGNGP CPF QVJGT HCOQWU EQNNGEVQTU QH VJG FC[ 'Z (TCPM 5VGTPDGTI YKVJ JKU DQQMRNCVG $CDGNQP 5RTKPI

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

4QNNKP (GWCTFGPV / &#+..'5 )4'%37'5 &ŉ+6#.+' '6 &' 5+%+.' 2CTKU ņ LWKP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 8GT[ TCTG 5RTKPI Ō4QDGTV ,COGUQP FWRNKECVGU Ō

4QNNKP GV (GWCTFGPV %1..'%6+10 , ' /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 '0 14 2CTKU ņ OCK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8GT[ PGCT HKPG #P KORQTVCPV UCNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

4QNNKP (GWCTFGPV /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 #06+37'5 2CTKU ņ OCK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 4QNNKP (GWCTFGPV %#6# .1)7' &' / &#+..'5 )4'%37'5 #06+37'5 %*1+5+'5 #7 21+06 &' 87' &' .ŉ#46 2418'0#06 &' .# %1..'%6+10 &' ('7 / * ' 2'44+0 2CTKU OCK XQ QTKIK PCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU $NCPM NGCH RCIGU NQVU CNN FGRKEVGF QP HKPG RNCVG 7PQRGPGF (KPG 6JG HKTUV XQNWOG KU VJG &WTWHN¾ EQNNGEVKQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ? 6JG UGEQPF XQNWOG KU XGT[ UECTEG 5RTKPI

4QUGPDGTI 5CNN[ 5#//.70) &'5 *'440 )'*'+/4#6 241( &4 *'.('4+%* '+5'0#%* 7 # #75)'9 *.6' )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0ő (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP /·T\ WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ NCVGT DNWG JCNH OQTQEEQ YKVJ OCTDNGF DQCTFU IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 4QUGPDGTI 5CNN[ + )1.& 70& 5+.$'424 )70)'0 &'5 ,#*4*70&'465 ++ /ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0ő +++ )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP ,WPK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV 5QOG URQVVKPI XGT[ IQQF =YKVJ? 4QUGPDGTI 5CNN[ + /ª0<'0 70& /'&#+..'0 8'45%*+'&'0'4 . 0&'4 ++ )4+'%*+5%*' 7 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 +++ 07/+5/#6+5%*' $+$.+1 6*'- (TCPMHWTV C / ,WPK VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 4QUGPDGTI 5CNN[ + /ª0<'0 7 /'&#+..'0 8'45%*+'&'0'4 . 0&'4 ++ )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV C / (GDTWCT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 2JQVQEQR[ RTKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV 0GCT HKPG (QWT ECVCNQIWGU 5RTKPI CPF 4QUGPDGTI 5CNN[ )4+'%*+5%*' 70& 4¤/+5%*' /ª0<'0 (TCPMHWTV CO /CKP ,WNK WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ NCVGT OCTQQP ENQVJ IKNV RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP KPM 0GCT HKPG (GCVWTGU EQKPU HTQO VJG 'TPUV .GLGWPG EQNNGEVKQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

5CODQP #TVJWT CPF % ' %CPGUUC %#6#.1)7' &'5 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41 /#+0'5 /'&+ 8#.'5 '6 /1&'40'5 2418'0#06 &' .# %1..'%6+10 &' / )7+. *17 '6 &' &+8'45'5 #764'5 %1..'%6+105 2CTKU OCTU VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DTQYP JCNH ENQVJ CPF OCTDNGF DQCTFU DNCEM URKPG NCDGN IKNV RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU %CVCNQIWG HQNFGF XGT[ IQQF 8GT[ UECTEG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH EQKPU QH VJG DCTDCTKCP OKITCVKQPUŌ?

5CODQP #TVJWT %1..'%6+10 ) 2 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 #06+37'5 2CTKU ņ OCTU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP RGPEKN 0GCT HKPG 5ECTEG 6JG 2KECTF EQNNGEVKQP 5RTKPI

5CPIKQTIK ) %1..'%6+10 &' / .' %*'8 2+'44' 56'66+0'4 /100#+'5 &' .ŉ'/2+4' 41/#+0 &ŉ14 &ŉ#4)'06 '6 &' $410<' 4QOG CXTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU XK RCIGU NQVU JCNHVQPG KNNWUVTCVKQPU QH EQKPU KP VJG VGZV HKPG HQNF KPI RNCVG FGRKEVKPI VYQ CGU UKIPCVWO 0GCT HKPG 3WKVG TCTG +P VJG KPVTQFWEVQT[ VGZV ( )PGEEJK YTQVG Ō%GVVG EQNNGEVKQP FQKV ¾ICNGOGPV UQP KORQTVCPEG ¯ NC TCTGV¾ FGU GZGORNCKTGU FQPŉV GNNG GUV EQORQU¾G KN UWHHKTC GPVTG CWVTGU FG HCKTG OGPVKQP FGU RK½EGU FŉQT FGU FQW\G %¾UCTU FG )GTOCPKEWU #PVQPKC %CNKIWNC #ITKRRKPG &QOKVKG /CVKFKG 2NQVKPG .WEKNNG ,WNKG GVE GV RNWUKGTU RK½EGU KP¾FKVGU QW XCTK¾GU FCPU NGU VTQKU O¾VCWZ Ō %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

5CPIKQTIK ) %1..'%6+10 5641<<+ / &#+..'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 #'5 )4#8' 4QOG )CNGTKG 5CPIKQTIK ņ CXTKN VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU XKKK RCIGU NQVU C HGY VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU HKPG RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU 5RKPG URNKVVKPI PGCTN[ UGRCTCV KPI GNUG XGT[ IQQF 5ECTEG 1HVGP NKUVGF WPFGT #TVJWT 5CODQPŉU PCOG VJQWIJ 5CPIKQTIK ECVCNQIWGF VJG UCNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

5CPVCOCTKC 2 2 %1..'%6+10 &' / &#+..'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 #'5 )4#8' '6 /100#+'5 +6#.+'00'5 #;#06 #22#46'07 ('7 .' 241('55'74 %#4.1 56+# 8'..+ '6 70 #764' %1..'%6+100'74 &+56+0)7 4QOG #XTKN GV NGU LQWTU UWKXCPVU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 5RKPG UGRCTCVGF CV RNCVGU XGT[ IQQF 8GT[ UECTEG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

5CPVCOCTKC 2 2 / &#+..'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 #'5 )4#8' .+84'5 &' 07/+5/#6+37' *+561+4' #4%* 1.1)+' '6% #22#46'0#06 #7 2#7. *#46 9+) 4QOG OCTU GV LQWTU UWKXCPVU VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DTQYP JCNH ENQVJ YKVJ OQVVNGF RCRGT UKFGU IKNV RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV CPF QP XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU (KPG #P WPWUWCNN[ PKEG EQR[ QH VJG HKTOŉU UGEQPF CWEVKQP QHHGTKPI C OCLQT EQNNGEVKQP YKVJ QWVUVCPFKPI RNCVGU 8GT[ UECTEG 'Z &T 'HTGO / 2GICP YKVJ JKU FKOKPWVKXG UVCOR %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

5CPVCOCTKC 2 2 / &#+..'5 41/#+0'5 #'5 )4#8' %1/215#06 .# %1..'%6+10 &ŉ70 #/#6'74 & % & 4QOG PQXGODTG GV LQWTU UWKXCPVU VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU RNWU VGZV RNCVGU 5RKPG C DKV YGCM CV LWPEVKQP QH VGPV CPF RNCVGU PGCT HKPG # TCTG ECVCNQIWG VJG EQNNGEVKQP QH #EJKNNG %CPVQPK %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CGU ITCXG Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

5CPVCOCTKC 2 2 %1..'<+10' &'. 5+) /#4%*'5' $ . ' &+ #.641 &+56+061 %1..'<+10+56# /10'6' &'..ŉ+/2'41 41/#01 4QOC )GPPCKQ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG # UKIPKHKECPV UCNG QH 4QOCP EQKPU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI

5CPVCOCTKC 2 2 %1..'<+10' &'. 5+) %106' $ &' 2 ' &+ #.641 &+56+061 %1..'<+10+56# /10'6' +/2'4+#.+ 41/#0' 4QOC /CIIKQ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 'UUGPVKCNN[ FKUDQWPF YKVJ UKIPCVWTGU NQQUG CPF URKPG RGTKUJGF )QQF QT DGVVGT #P KORQTVCPV UCNG QH CPEKGPV 4QOCP EQKPU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK %QPVG $ FG 2 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

5CPVCOCTKC 2 2 %106' #.'55#0&41 /#)0#)76+ ': 07//+5 *+5614+# 8 /10'6' &'..ŉ+/2'41 &ŉ14+'06' &# #4%#&+1 ņ #& +5#%%1 ++ #0)'.1

ņ /10'6' &'. /'&+1 '81 8ņ:+8 5'% + %1//70+ ' .' 4'27$$.+%*' +6#.+#0' 8'0'<+# 4QOC ņ /CT\Q VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU YKVJ KPVGITCN RNCVG HQNFGT XK RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU $KPFKPI SWKVG YQTP CU V[RKECN 8GT[ IQQF QT UQ %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH EQKPU QH VJG DCTDCTKCP OKITCVKQPUŌ?

5CPVCOCTKC 2 CPF 2 %1..'<+10' &'. 241( #0)'.1 5+)014'..+ ++ 2#46' /10'6' 41/#0' &'..# 4'27$$.+%# ' &'..ŉ+/2'41 (+01 # &1/+<+#01 4QOC )KWIPQ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 5VCTVKPI DKF UJGGV NCKF KP 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? 5CPVCOCTKC 2 CPF 2 %1..'<+10' &+ 70 &+56+061 4#% %1).+614' /+.#0'5' /10'6' &ŉ141 )4'%*' 41/#0' $+<#06+0' +6#.+#0' '& '56'4' 4QOC )KWIPQ VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 6KVNG RCIG NCEMKPI XGT[ IQQF =YKVJ? 5CPVCOCTKC 2 2 %1..'<+10' &'. %106' .7+)+ $470#%%+ ' &+ #.64+ 4#%%1).+614' /10'6' &'..# 4'27$$.+%# 41/#0# /10'6' )4'%*' &'..ŉ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Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ? 6JG UGEQPF XQNWOG KU CP KORQTVCPV KH UOCNN EQNNGEVKQP QH IQNF EQKPU YKVJ PGCTN[ CNN QH VJGO RNCVGF 5RTKPI 6JG VJKTF XQNWOG KU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH UVTWEM 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPUŌ? 6JG HQWTVJ XQNWOG KU 5RTKPI 6JG HKHVJ KU 5RTKPI 5EJNGUUKPIGT (GNKZ 5#//.70) 810 6#.'40 70& )1.&/ª0<'0 ('40'4 5%*9'+<Ň #06+-' )1.&/ª0<'0 $GTNKP %JCTNQVVGPDWTI ,WPK WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV (KPG +PENWFGU UQOG KORQTVCPV 5YKUU EQKPU

5EJNGUUKPIGT (GNKZ 5#//.70) #75 #75. 0&+5%*'/ /75'7/$'5+6< #$6 #0 6+-' $GTNKP %JCTNQVVGPDWTI (GDTWCT VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV =YKVJ? 5EJNGUUKPIGT (GNKZ 5#//.70) )4+'%*+5%*'4 /ª0<'0 #75 /75'7/$'5+6< $GTNKP %JCTNQVVGPDWTI (GDTWCT WPF HQNIGPFG 6CIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU OCR RNCVGU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 8CNWCVKQP NKUV 1TKIKPCN PQVGU CPF DKFFKPI OCVGTKCNU HQT ,GCP &GNGRKGTTG NCKF KP KPENWFKPI UKIPGF NGVVGT HTQO 5 / 5RKPM TGICTFKPI VJG UCNG 0GCT HKPG +ORQTVCPV UCNGU HGCVWTKPI EQKPU HTQO VJG *GTOKVCIG /WUGWO CDQWV QH YJKEJ CTG KNNWUVTCVGF 5RTKPI CPF

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

5EJWNOCP *CPU / ( 6*' 6*1/#5 1..+8' /#$$166 %1..'%6+10 2#46 10' %1+05 1( 6*' )4''- 914.& 2#46 691 %1+05 1( 6*' 41/#0 914.& 4'27$.+%#0 +/2'4+#. $;<#06+0' 8#0&#. 15641)16*5 %475#&'45 5+.8'4 #0& %122'4 0GY ;QTM ,WPG ņ CPF 1EV ņ 6YQ RCTVU KP VJTGG XQNWOGU CU KUUWGF XQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU RNCVG UWRRNGOGPV CPF QVJGT KNNWUVTCVKQPU 24.U NCKF KP (KPG =YKVJ? 5VCEMŉU #7%6+10 5#.' %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' 4'+0*1.& (#'.6'0 %1..'%6+10 1( #0%+'06 %1+05 0GY ;QTM ,CPWCT[ ņ .CTIG VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ETGCO ECTF EQXGTU (TQPVKURKGEG RQTVTCKV RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM 4QOCP CPF $[\CPVKPG EQKPU YKVJ VKUUWG IWCTFU %QXGTU YQTP CU CNOQUV CNYC[U IQQF VQ XGT[ IQQF 6JG /CDDQVV UCNGU CTG KORQTVCPV #FCOU CPF &CGJP 5RTKPI CPF = CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP RTQXKPEKCN EQKPUŌ DQVJ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH EQKPU QH VJG DCTDCTKCP OKITCVKQPUŌ? 6JG (CGNVGP UCNG KU #FCOU #ņ Ō'ZVGPUKXG EQNNGEVKQP QH VJG EQKPU QH VJG CPEKGPV TWNGTU HTQO #NGZCPFGT +++ $ % VQ #NGZKWU + # & Ō # JCPFUQOG RTQFWEVKQP KUUWGF KP %JCROCP UV[NG NCTIG HQTOCV %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPU Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP RTQXKPEKCN EQKPU Ō Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH $[\CPVKPG EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH EQKPU QH VJG DCTDCTKCP OKITCVKQPUŌ?

5EJWNOCP , /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 /100#+'5 $;<#06+0'5 '6 14+'0 6#.'5 #OUVGTFCO OCTU XQ OQFGTP DNWG JCNH NGCVJGT IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF RCRGT EQXGTU DQWPF KP YKVJ DKPFGTŉU NGCXGU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU JCNHVQPG RNCVGU CU KUUWGF (KPG =YKVJ? 5EJWNOCP , %1..'%6+10 &' ('7 /4 , / / 8#0 $'..' /100#+'5 )4'% 37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 .+84'5 &' 07/+5/#6+37' #OUVGTFCO PQXGODTG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH )TGGM EQKPU (KPG 6JG HKTUV KU C UQOGYJCV UECTEGT UCNG VJG EQNNGEVKQP QH .CEJCTKGYUMK QH -KGX 5RTKPI 6JG UGEQPF KU 5RTKPI

5EJWNOCP , %#6#.1)7' .:++ %1..'%6+105 #)756+0 &+#< 14&1 '5 18+'&1 '6 &ŉ70 #/#6'74 &' 61. &' %#6#.1)7' &' /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 '0 8'06' #7: 24+: /#437 5 #OUVGTFCO RCIGU NKUVKPIU HKPG RNCVGU =DQWPF YKVJ? 5EJWNOCP , %#6#.1)7' .:+8 %1..'%6+105 #7)756+0 &+#< 14&1Ç'5ő %#6#.1)7' &' / &#+..'5 '52#)01.'5 5' 4#22146#06 .# )7'44' &' #05 '064' .'5 2#;5 $#5 '6 .ŉ'52#)0'ő #OUVGTFCO ņ

RCIGU RNCVGU XQ NCVGT DNWG NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP CNQPI YKVJ DKPFGTŉU NGCXGU (KPG $QVJ RCTVU QH VJKU UKIPKHKECPV EQNNGEVKQP 5RTKPI HKTUV ECVCNQIWG

5EJWNOCP , #'5 )4#8' /100#+'5 %1057.#+4'5 /100#+'5 +/2 4+#.'5 / &#+. .105 & 14 & #4)'06 '6 &' $410<' %1..'%6+10 &' / . 8+'414&6 $.1'/'0&##. #OUVGTFCO OCTU VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ ITGGP ENQVJ DCEMGF OCTDNGF DQCTFU IKNV OCTDNGF GPFRCRGTU XKK RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 2TKEG NKUV NCKF KP 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? 5EJWNOCP , %1..'%6+10 &' / . 8+'414&6 ' 2#46+' '6 %1..'%6+10 *10)41+5' /100#+'5 41/#+0'5 %1.10+#.'5 /100#+'5 $;<#06+0'5 /10 0#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 #OUVGTFCO LWKP XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU

RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF VJTQWIJQWV (TQPV EQXGT FGVCEJGF DWV RTGUGPV 8GT[ IQQF (KTUV XQNWOG GZ NKDTKU 4QUUK &QOGPKEQ $QVJ RCTVU QH VJKU KORQTVCPV UCNG (KTUV UCNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ? 5GEQPF UCNG 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP RTQXKPEKCN EQKPUŌ?

5EJWNOCP , %1..'%6+105 &' /100#+'5 &'5 6#65 70+5 &' .ŉ#/ 4+37' &7 %#0 #&# &' .ŉ#/ 4+37' %'064#.' '6 &7 57& '6 &' /100#+'5 '6 / &#+..'5 &' .ŉ'7412' #OUVGTFCO OCK XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG 6JG HKTUV RNCVG FGRKEVU TCTG RKQPGGT CPF GCTN[ 7 5 IQNF EQKPU CNQPI YKVJ UGXGTCN NCTIG EGPVU

5EJWNOCP , %#6#.1)7' &ŉ70' %1..'%6+10 &' /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 41/#+0'5 '6 $;<#06+0'5 #OUVGTFCO F¾EGODTG XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 5EJWNOCP , %#6#.1)7' &' .# %1..'%6+10 &' ('7 /105+'74 . 8+'414&6 '6 &ŉ#764'5 2418'0#0%'5 %106'0#06 /100#+'5 )4'%37'5 '6 41/#+0'5 /100#+'5 $;<#06+0'5 '6 $#4$#4'5 /100#+'5 '0 14 #OUVGTFCO ņ LWKP VQ NCVGT DNCEM ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF KP KPM (KPG (KTUV UCNG 5RTKPI 5GEQPF UCNG %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

5EJWNOCP ,CESWGU 6*' 4+%*#4& , )4#*#/ %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- 41/#0 #0& $;<#06+0' %1+05 +0%.7&+0) # 52.'0&+& 5'4+'5 1( 41/#0 $410<' /'&#. .+105 #OUVGTFCO ,WPG ņ VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? -CUVPGT )KVVC #7-6+10'0 #06+-' /ª0<'0 -#6# .1)' /ÒPEJGP ņ (KXG KNNWUVTCVGF ECVCNQIWGU DQWPF KP QPG XQNWOG UGXGTCN YKVJ XCNWCVKQP NKUVU VQ DTQYP ENQVJ ITGGP NGCVJGT URKPG NCDGN IKNV 8GT[ HKPG 6JG HKTUV UCNG KU CEVWCNN[ VJG EQNNGEVKQP QH 2CWN 6KPEJCPV 5RTKPI Ō#P GZRNCPCVKQP QH VJG RUGWFQP[O KU IKXGP D[ VJG HQNNQYKPI JCPFYTKVVGP PQVG KP ,GCP .CHCWTKGŉU GZCORNG ň)TCJCO YCU VJG PCOG CVVCEJGF D[ 6KPEJCPV VQ EQKPU YJKEJ YGTG DQWIJV KP FWTKPI JKU QYP CWEVKQPU HQT HKUECN TGCUQPU #NUQ HQT HKUECN TGCUQPU VJG HKTO QH 5EJWNOCP DQWIJV 6KPEJCPVŉU EQNNGEVKQP QWVTKIJV RTKQT VQ QHHGTKPI KV HQT UCNG YJKEJ VJG[ FKF IKXKPI KV VJG PCOG QH )TCJCO ŉ 6JG YQTF )TCJCO OC[ JCXG DGGP WUGF DGECWUG HQT OCP[ [GCTU KV YCU VJG VGTO CRRNKGF D[ $KNN (TGPEJ CV )NGPFKPKPI VQ KFGPVKH[ CP[ WPUQNF NQV Ō =#NUQ NKUVGF D[ 5RTKPI WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ? 6JG -CUVPGT UCNGU HGCVWTG UGXGTCN RTGXKQWUN[ WPMPQYP OGFCNNKQPU OQUVN[ KP IQNF CPF C JCPFHWN QH GZVTGOGN[ TCTG EQKPU

5QVJGD[ 5 .GKIJ 9KNMKPUQP ,QJP %#6#.1)7' 1( # 5'.'%6 #0& 8#.7#$.' %1..'% 6+10 1( )4''- 41/#0 %1.10+#. +/2'4+#. %1+05 +0 )1.& 5+.8'4 #0& %12 2'4 6*' 2412'46; 1( , 5#$#6+'4 '53 1( 56 2'6'45$74) %1/24+5+0) (14 # /1&'4#6' 5'4+'5 /14' 70+37' #0& 4#4' 52'%+/'05 6*#0 #4' 757#..; /'6 9+6*ő57%* #5 %.#7&+# /#%'4 2.#76+0#ő64#037+..+0# ,16#2+#0+5 2#%#6+#075 #$176 %1+05 +0 )1.& +/2'4+#. )4''- 1( 9*+%* /#0; #4' +0'&+6'& /'&#..+105 01/'5 1( ');26 07/'4175 %106140+ #6'5ő .QPFQP #RTKN ņ XQ NCVGT VCP JCNH ECNH YKVJ OQVVNGF RCRGT UKFGU OCTDNGF RCIG GFIGU RCIGU NQVU HKPGN[ GPITCXGF RNCVGU QH EQKPU =VJG HKTUV KP RJQVQEQR[? TWNGF KP TGF CPF PGCVN[ RTKEGF YKVJ DW[GTUŉ PCOGU 0GCT HKPG 8GT[ UECTEG $CDGNQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 +0 )1.& 5+.8'4 #0& '.'%647/ #0& # ('9 41/#0 $;<#06+0' '0).+5* #0& (14'+)0 2+'%'5 +0 )1.& 6*' 2412'46; 1( 6*' 4+)*6 *10$.' 6*' '#4. 1( #5*$740*#/ (41/ 6*' 6*1/#5 0146*9+%- #&&+0)610 #0& 9+)#0 %1..'%6+105 #0& 16*'4 5174%'5 .QPFQP /C[ ņ %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG $CDGNQP 5RTKPI

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' 8'4; (+0' #0& 8#.7#$.' %1..'% 6+10 1( +6#.+#0 #'5 )4#8' #0& 41/#0 4'27$.+%#0 #0& +/2'4+#. %1+05 ő (14/'& $; 6*' .#6' 5+4 '&9#4& *'4$'46 $70$74; .QPFQP ,WPG ņ %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU KX RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU QH 4QOCP 4GRWDNKECP EQKPU CPF +ORGTKCN CWTGK 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT $CDGNQP 5RTKPI

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG 6*' /106#)7 %1..'%6+10 1( %1+05 %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' )4''- 5'4+'5 .QPFQP /CT ņ XQ FKUDQWPF NCEMKPI HTQPV YTCR KX RCIGU NQVU UWRGTD CWVQV[RG RNCVGU 4WNGF KP TGF DWV WPRTKEGF 5KIPGF D[ RTGXKQWU QYPGT 5RKPG XGT[ YGCM IQQF 6JG HKTUV RCTV QH VJKU GZEGRVKQPCN EQNNGEVKQP # TGOCTMCDN[ CEEQORNKUJGF $TKVKUJ PWOKUOCVKUV /QPVCIW ECOG NCVG VQ VJG UGTKGU RWTEJCUKPI JKU HKTUV CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKP KP +P JG CESWKTGF VJG GPVKTG UVQEM QH VJG 2CTKU FGCNGT / *QHHOCPP CPF HTQO VJGP VQ VJG VKOG QH UCNG JKU JQNFKPIU TCRKFN[ OWNVKRNKGF 6JG RTGHCEG PQVGU VJCV Ō5KPEG VJG FKURGTUKQP QH VJG 0QTVJYKEM ECDKPGV KP PQ EQNNGEVKQP QH )TGGM EQKPU UQ TGOCTMCDNG HQT VJGKT DGCWV[ EQPFKVKQP CPF PWOKUOCVKE KORQTVCPEG CU VJCV HQTOGF D[ /T /QPVCIW JCU DGGP QHHGTGF D[ RWDNKE CWEVKQP KP VJKU EQWPVT[ Ō 6JKU HKTUV RCTV QH VJG UCNG DTQWIJV C VQVCN QH d &CGJP )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ?

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' $70$74; %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 5'%10& #0& (+0#. 2146+10 #5+# /+014 #(4+%# % .QPFQP &GE ņ %TQYP VQ FKUDQWPF NCEMKPI HTQPV YTCR KX RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG CWVQ V[RG RNCVGU QH EQKPU KPENWFKPI VJG RNCVGU HTQO VJG HKTUV $WPDWT[ UCNG 0GCVN[ RTKEGF CPF PCOGF 5KIPC VWTGU CPF RNCVGU NQQUG )QQF 5ECTEG CPF OQUV WUGHWN YJGP RTKEGF CPF PCOGF CU JGTG #P GZVTGOGN[ KORQTVCPV EQNNGEVKQP PQVCDNG HQT KVU YKFG UEQRG CPF GZEGRVKQPCN EQPFKVKQP $CDGNQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP )TKGTUQP 5RTKPI

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' )4'#6'4 2146+10 1( 6*' 8#.7# $.' %1..'%6+10 1( #46+56+% )4''- %1+05 6*' 2412'46; 1( 4 *1$#46 5/+6* '53 1( 0'9 ;14- 7 5 # .QPFQP /C[ %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6# .1)7' 1( 6*' 8#.7#$.' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 +0 )1.& 5+.8'4 #0& %122'4 (14/'& $; 6*' .#6' %1.10'. , 61$+0 $75* 1( *#84' .QPFQP 0QX ņ %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT 6YQ UECTEG UCNGU (KTUV ECVCNQIWG $CDGNQP 5RTKPI 5GEQPF KU 5RTKPI

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 +0 )1.& 5+.8'4 '.'%647/ #0& $410<' 1( # .#6' %1..'%614 /#0; 5'.'%6'& (41/ 6*' (1..19+0) 9'.. -0190 %1..'%6+105 9+)#0 $1/21+5 &' 37'.'0 %1/6' &' &7%*#56'. $+..1+0 %#4(4#' 6*' '#4. 1( #5*$740*#/ 5+4 '&9#4& $70$74; /106#)7 % .QPFQP ล /C[ VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DTQYP SWCTVGT ECNH IKNV RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG CWVQV[RG RNCVGU QH EQKPU *CPF RTKEGF VJTQWIJQWV YKVJ DW[GTUล PCOGU $KPFKPI TWDDGF CPF YQTP DWV UQWPF XGT[ IQQF 6JG 4QVJUEJKNF EQNNGEVKQP CP GZEGRVKQPCNN[ HKPG QPG 6JKU GZCORNG QH VJG ECVCNQIWG CFXCPEGU VJTQWIJ KVU ECTGHWN TGEQTFKPI QH DW[GTU VJG RGFKITGG EJCKP VQ VJG PGZV IGPGTCVKQP QH EQNNGEVQTU K G 5GNVOCP 1ล *CICP 4GCF[ *WVJ CPF QVJGTU YJQUG PCOGU CTG NKVVNG MPQYP VQFC[ CNQPI YKVJ VJG RTKPEKRCN FGCNGTU QH VJG FC[ 5RKPM 4QNNKP %JCROCP 'IIGT *CODWTIGT 5CODQP /GT\DCEJGT GV CN 6JG NQVU TGCNK\GF CP KORTGUUKXG VQVCN QH d $CDGNQP %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK )TKGTUQP /CPXKNNG 4QDGTVUQP 5RTKPI

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' +/2146#06 %1..'%6+10 1( %1+05 #0& /'&#.5 1( 9/ 41/' '53 .QPFQP (GD ล %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU QH CPEKGPV EQKPU CPF 4GPCKUUCPEG OGFCNU 5RKPG EQO RNGVGN[ UGRCTCVGF EQPVGPVU XGT[ IQQF QT UQ =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG 6*' %#4(4#' %1..'%6+10 5'%10& #0& (+0#. 2146+10 %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' 41/#0 %1+05 +0 )1.& 5+.8'4 #0& $410<' %1/24+5+0) # 4'/#4-#$.' 5'4+'5 1( (+456 $4#55 /'&#..+105 % ล .QPFQP ล ,WN[ %TQYP VQ FKUDQWPF NCEMKPI YTCRU #P KPEQORNGVG EQR[ YKVJ QH VJG RNCVGU CPF YKVJ UQOG EQPVGPV OKUUKPI =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( # %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 ล 24+0%+2#..; 1( /#%'&10+# 6*4#%' #0& 2ยบ10+# 6*' 2412'46; 1( # )'06.'/#0 9*1 +5 4'.+037+5*+0) 6*' 27457+6 .QPFQP ล /C[ %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( # %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 6*' 2412'46; 1( # 9'.. -0190 #/#6'74 .QPFQP /C[ ล %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU 5RKPG RGTKUJGF YKVJ UKIPCVWTGU CPF RNCVGU EQOKPI NQQUG %QPVGPVU XGT[ IQQF QT UQ =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 +0 )1.& 5+.8'4 #0& $410<' (14/'& $; 6*' .#6' *#4.#0 2 5/+6* '53 .QPFQP ,WPG ล %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT (KXG UCNGU 5RTKPI CPF

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 +0 )1.& 5+.8'4 '.'%647/ #0& $410<' 6*' 2412'46; 1( #7)756' &'.$'-'ล 5'.'%6'& %*+'(.; (14 6*'+4 #46+56+% /'4+6ล .QPFQP #RTKN ล RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU =DQWPF YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( # %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05ล 6*' 2412'46; 1( # $#%*'.14 #.51 6*' &72.+ %#6'5 1( # (14'+)0 %1..'%6+10 .QPFQP #RTKN RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU =DQWPF YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( )4''- 41/#0 #0& '0) .+5* %1+05 +0%.7&+0) 6*' %1..'%6+105 1( *'440 4

1( *#/$74) #0& 1( 6*' .#6' (4'&'4+% #0&4'9 +0&'49+%-ล 64#&'5/'0ล 5 61-'05 6190 61-'05 1( 6*' :8++ %'0674; (14/'& $; &4 ) % 9+..+#/510 .QPFQP (GD ล RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU =DQWPF YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG 6*' 1ล *#)#0 %1+0 %1..'%6+10 %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' +/2146#06 5'4+'5 1( )4''- %1+05 6*' 2412'46; 1( * 15$140' 1ล *#)#0 '53 .QPFQP /C[ ล

RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU =DQWPF YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6# .1)7' 1( 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( 41/#0 %1+05 (14/'& $; * 15$140' 1ล *#)#0 '53 .QPFQP ,WN[ ล RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU %TQYP VQ EQPVGORQ TCT[ DTQYP SWCTVGT OQTQEEQ YKVJ OQVVNGF UKFGU URKPG YKVJ HKXG TCKUGF DCPFU NGVVGTGF CPF FGEQTCVGF KP IKNV OCTDNGF GPFRCRGTU $KPFKPI TWDDGF DWV UQWPF 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT +PENWFGU UQOG PQVCDNG EQNNGEVKQPU 5RTKPI CPF

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05ล 41 /#0 #74'+ '6% 6*' 2412'46; 1( # ('..19 1( 6*' 51%+'6; 1( #06+37#4+'5 .QPFQP &GE %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' 8#.7#$.' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 (14/'& $; 6*' .#6' (4#0- 5*'4/#0 $'0510 '53 1( $411-.;0 0'9 ;14- %1/24+5+0) %*1+%' #0& +06'4'56+0) ':#/ 2.'5 1( 6*' #0%+'06 %1+0#)'5 1( +6#.; #0& 5+%+.; )4''%' #0& 6*' +5 .#0&5 #5+# /+014 % 5;4+# ');26 <'7)+6#0# % .QPFQP (GD ล XQ NCVGT ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV RTKPVGF URKPG NCDGN KX RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( )4''- %1+05 +0 )1.& 5+.8'4 #0& %12 2'4 (41/ # 9'.. -0190 %#$+0'6 .QPFQP #RTKN %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 4WNGF KP TGF CPF RTKEGF CPF PCOGF VJTQWIJQWV 0GCT HKPG 5RTKPI VJG %JCTNGU 5VCPHQTF EQNNGEVKQP =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT ล /QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUล ? CPF (TCPM /E%NGCP CPF ,QJP 4QDKPUQP /E%NGCP FWRNKECVGU 6JG $GPUQP UCNG KU %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK &CGJP ล QPG QH VJG OQUV KORQTVCPV EQNNGEVKQPU QH )TGGM EQKPU KP RTKXCVG JCPFU KP VJG 7PKVGF 5VCVGU ล )TKGTUQP 6JG OCKP /E%NGCP EQNNGEVKQP QH QXGT EQKPU ECVCNQIWGF D[ 5 9 )TQUG CPF RWDNKUJGF ล YCU IKXGP VQ VJG (KV\YKNNKCO /WUGWO %CODTKFIG

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( 41/#0 %1+05 (14/'& $; * 15$140' 1ล *#)#0 '53 .QPFQP ,WN[ ล %TQYP VQ EQPVGORQ TCT[ ENQVJ DCEMGF OQVVNGF DQCTFU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU *CPF RTKEGF CPF PCOGF RNCVGU RTKEGF $KPFKPI YQTP CPF VCRGF EQPVGPVU XGT[ IQQF # RTKEGF CPF PCOGF EQR[ QH VJKU KORQTVCPV UCNG 5RTKPI

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' 8#.7#$.' #0& ':6'05+8' %1..'% 6+10 1( )4''- 41/#0 '0).+5* #0& 16*'4 %1+05 6*' 2412'46; 1( ,1*0 ).#5 5#0&'/#0 '53 .QPFQP ,WPG ล %TQYP VQ NKIJV OCTQQP JCNH ENQVJ IKNV QTKIK PCN RTKPVGF YTCRU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU (KPG =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- 41/#0 '0).+5* (14'+)0 %1+05ล 1( -'0&#.. *#<'.&+0' '53 .QPFQP #RTKN %TQYP VQ QTKIK PCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG 6*' +/2146#06 #0& 8#.7#$.' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 +0 )1.& #0& 5+.8'4 (14/'& $; 6*' .#6' . ) 5%*.'5+0)'4 ; )7</#0 '53 .QPFQP ,WN[ %TQYP VQ NCVGT ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU OQWPVGF VQ DQCTFU UKNM OCTMGT RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 1TKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRRGTU (KPG 5RTKPI CPF

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' 8#.7#$.' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %+8+% 4')#. %1+05 +0 )1.& '.'%647/ 5+.8'4 #0& $410<' +0%.7&+0) # ('9 2+'%'5 1( ,7&ยบ# $#%64+# 6*' 261.'/#+% &;0#56; 1( ');26 6*' 2412'46; 1( %7/$'4.#0& %.#4- '53 .QPFQP ,CP ล RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU =DQWPF YKVJ? %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' 8#.7#$.' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 (14/'& $; 6*' 4'8 #46*74 % *'#&.#/ && .QPFQP ล /C[ XKK RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU =DQWPF YKVJ? %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' 5'%10& #0& (+0#. 2146+10 1( 6*' 8#.7#$.' %1..'%6+10 1( '#4.; $4+6+5* #0).1 5#:10 #0& '0).+5* %1+05 % 6*' 2412'46; 1( 6*' .#6' $'40#4& 416* '53 .QPFQP 1EV ล KX RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU %TQYP VQ EQPVGORQTCT[ DTQYP SWCTVGT OQTQEEQ YKVJ OQVVNGF UKFGU URKPG YKVJ HKXG TCKUGF DCPFU NGVVGTGF CPF FGEQTCVGF KP IKNV OCTDNGF GPFRCRGTU $KPFKPI TWDDGF DWV UQWPF 8GT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT +PENWFGU UQOG PQVCDNG EQNNGEVKQPU 5RTKPI CPF HKTUV VYQ UCNGU

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' ':6'05+8' #0& 8#.7#$.' %1..'% 6+10 1( )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 (14/'& $; ( 9 8 2'6'4510 '53 .QPFQP &GE ล %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (QNFGF XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 41/#0 )4''- %1+05 6*' 2412'46; 1( # 9'.. -0190 %1..'%614ล 41/#0 )1.& %1+05ล )4''- %1+05ล .QPFQP ,WN[ ล %TQYP VQ NKIJV OCTQQP JCNH ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU DQWPF KP UKNM OCTMGT KX RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( %1+05 #0& /'&#.5 .QPFQP /CT ล %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU 9TCRU YQTP XGT[ IQQF QT DGVVGT =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' +/2146#06 #0& 4'24'5'06#6+8' %1..'%6+10 1( %'.6+% %1+05 ล )4''- %1+05 ล (14/'& ล $; 6*' .#6' *14#%' 5#0&#45 '53 .QPFQP (GD %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU QH EQKPU 0GCT HKPG 5RTKPI VJG EQNNGEVKQP QH 'TPGUV ,QJP 5GNVOCP CPF =CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT ล /QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH %GNVKE EQKPUล ? 6JG UCNG PQV NKUVGF D[ 5RTKPI KU OQUV PQVCDNG HQT OCVGTKCN HTQO VJG &CYPC[ EQNNGEVKQP

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 4#4' %1+05 %1/24+5+0) # 5'.'%6 #0& 8#.7#$.' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- 41/#0 $;<#06+0' (4'0%* #0& 4755+#0 %1+05 '6% #.51 # (+0' %1..'%6+10 1( )4''- %1+05 6*' 2412'46; 1( # 475 5+#0 01$.'/#0 .QPFQP ,WPG ล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

5QVJGD[ 9KNMKPUQP *QFIG %#6#.1)7' 1( 41/#0 %1+05 +0 )1.& 5+.8'4 #0& %12 2'4 41/#0 %1.10+#. )4''- %1+05 (41/ 6*' %1..'%6+105 (14/'& $; %1.10'. 4 * /14%1/ .QPFQP &GE ล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ล /QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CGU ITCXGล ?

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

5QVJGD[ CPF %Q %#6#.1)7' 1( (+0' )4''- %1+05 6*' 2412'46; 1( $ % 24+%* #4& '53 ő+/2'4+#. %1+05 1( #.':#0&4+# 6*' 2412'46; 1( 4 ) 2'%-+66 ő .QPFQP (GD ņ %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF YTCRU RCIGU NQVU XGT[ HKPG RNCVGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ %Q %#6#.1)7' 1( )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05ő 6*' (+0' %1..'%6+10 1( #0%+'06 5+%+.+#0 %1+05 (14/'& $; 6*' .#6' %#26#+0 5 /#841,#0+ő )4''- 41/#0 #0& $;<#06+0' )1.& %1+05 (14/'& $; ( 0'6*'4610 '53 .QPFQP /CT ņ %TQYP VQ NKIJV OCTQQP JCNH ENQVJ IKNV QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU HKPG RNCVGU (KPG 5RTKPI Ō1PN[ VJG 2TKEJCTF EQKPU CTG KNNWUVTCVGFŌ CPF Ō0GVJGTVQPŌ YCU C RUGWFQP[O GORNQ[GF D[ # * ( $CNFYKP

5QVJGD[ %Q %#6#.1)7' 1( 6*' ':64'/'.; +/2146#06 2#'10+#0 *1#4& $' +0) %1+05 +0 )1.& #0& 5+.8'4 1( 6*' -+0)5 1( /#%'&10 #0& 5+.8'4 1( 6*' +0&'2'0&'06 -+0)&1/ 1( 2#'10+# .QPFQP #RTKN XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU OCR HKPG RNCVGU 2TKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV YKVJ DW[GTUŉ PCOGU NCKF KP 8GT[ IQQF =YKVJ? 2CTMG $GTPGV )CNNGTKGU +/2146#06 %1..'%6+10 1( %1+05 1( #0%+'06 )4''%' #0& 41/' #0& # 5'4+'5 1( '#4.; +6#.+#0 %1+05 +0%.7&+0) 51/' (+0' 21464#+6 2+'%'5 1( 6*' 4'0#+55#0%' (41/ 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( 6*' .#6' '&9#4& 6 0'9'.. 0GY ;QTM 1EV ņ XQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU (KPG 6YQ UKIPKHKECPV UCNGU &CGJP CPF 5RTKPI CPF

5QVJGD[ %Q # ) 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( #0%+'06 #0& .#6'4 %1+05 6*' 2412'46; 1( 6*' /'64121.+6#0 /75'7/ 1( #46 2#46 + 41/#0 )1.& %1+05 2#46 ++ )4''- %1+05 (41/ 6*' ,1*0 9#4& %1..'%6+10 <WTKEJ VJ 0QXGODGT CPF VJņ VJ #RTKN 6YQ ECVCNQIWGU VQ QTKIKPCN OCVEJKPI ITGGP ENQVJ IKNV %QNQT HTQPVKURKGEGU

RCIGU OCRU VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU RNCVGU 2JQVQEQR[ CPF QTKIKPCN 24.U TGURGEVKXGN[ (KPG QT PGCTN[ UQ &CGJP 2CTV ++ 5RTKPI CPF = CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP +ORGTKCN EQKPUŌ?

5QVJGD[ŉU 41/#0 %1+05 (41/ 6*' %1..'%6+10 1( *+5 )4#%' 6*' &7-' 1( 0146*7/$'4.#0& 4'/18'& (41/ #.09+%- %#56.' .QPFQP 0QX %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU NQVU RNCVGU #PPQVCVGF VJTQWIJQWV YKVJ UVCTVKPI CPF UGNNKPI RTKEGU CPF OCP[ DW[GTUŉ PCOGU 0GCT HKPG =YKVJ? )NGPFKPKPI %Q 6*' ) 4 #401.& %1..'% 6+10 1( 5+.8'4 %1+05 1( 6*' 5'8'4#0 &;0#56; .QPFQP 0QX %TQYP VQ QTKIKPCN RTKPVGF ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU (KPG 6YQ UKIPKHKECPV UCNGU

5QVJGD[ŉU +/2146#06 )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 51.& 10 6*' +05647%6+105 1( 6*' #)'06 07/+5/#6+% (+0' #465 +06'40#6+10#. <ÒTKEJ 1EV =YKVJ? )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 51.& 10 6*' +05647%6+105 1( 6*' #)'06 07/+5 /#6+% (+0' #465 +06'40#6+10#. <ÒTKEJ 1EV 6YQ JCPFUQOGN[ RTQFWEGF ECVC NQIWGU VQ QTKIKPCN ECTF EQXGTU ņ NQVU RTQHWUGN[ KNNWUVTCVGF YKVJ PWOGTQWU EQNQT GPNCTIGOGPVU 5GEQPF UCNG CPPQVCVGF IKXKPI UVCTVKPI CPF UGNNKPI RTKEGU CPF TGEQTFKPI DW[GTUŉ PCOGU QT PWODGTU (KPG 8GT[ KORQTVCPV UCNGU VJG UGEQPF CPPQVCVGF

5QVJGD[ŉU 691 *70&4'& *+)*.; +/2146#06 )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 .QPFQP ,WN[ RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF (KPG =YKVJ? 5QVJGD[ŉU *+)*.; +/2146#06 )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 .QPFQP ,WN[ RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF 6YQ ECVCNQIWGU $QVJ VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU (KPG &CGJP HKTUV ECVCNQIWG Ō6JG EQKPU CTG QH VJG JKIJGUV SWCNKV[ CPF OCP[ CTG SWKVG TCTG Ō

5QVJGD[ŉU 6*' 56#%- %1..'%6+10 +/2146#06 #0%+'06 $4+6+5* #0).1 5#:10 #0& '0).+5* *#//'4'& %1+05 (14/'& $; .#94'0%' 4 56#%- 56#%-ŉ5 0'9 ;14- %+6; .QPFQP #RTKN ņ VQ QTKIKPCN DNWG NGCVJGTGVVG IKNV QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU DQWPF KP RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV CV CEVWCN UK\G CNQPI YKVJ OCP[ EQKP GPNCTIG OGPVU EQNQT RNCVGU 2JQVQEQR[ 24. (KPG 5RGEKCN *CTFEQXGT 'FKVKQP +ORQTVCPV HQT GCTN[ $TKVKUJ EQKPU

NUMISMATIC AUCTION AND SALE CATALOGUES

5VCEMŉU 6*' (4'&'4+%- 5 -01$.1%* %1..'%6+10 1( #0%+'06 )4''- %1+05 0GY ;QTM ,WPG ņ RCIGU NQVU RNCVGU =YKVJ? 6*' (4'&'4+%- 5 -01$ .1%* %1..'%6+10 1( #0%+'06 41/#0 %1+05 1( 6*' 4'27$.+% 0GY ;QTM /C[ RCIGU NQVU =YKVJ? 6*' (4'&'4+%- 5 -01$.1%* %1..'%6+10 1( 41/#0 +/2'4+#. %1+05 0GY ;QTM /C[ ņ RCIGU NQVU DNCEM CPF YJKVG RNCVGU EQNQT RNCVGU 6JTGG ECVCNQIWGU )GPGTCNN[ PGCT HKPG =YKVJ? 5VCEMŉU 70+37' %1/ 2.'6' 5'4+'5 /'0 1( 41/' 6*' )1.&'0 /+.+6#4; ;'#45 .7%+75 57..# 61 5'8'475 #.':#0&'4 $%ņ #& 6*' ,1*0 9*+60'; 9#.6'4 %1..'%6+10 0GY ;QTM 0QX RCIGU NQVU KNNWUVTCVGF #PPQVCVGF VJTQWIJQWV YKVJ UVCTVKPI CPF UGNNKPI RTKEGU CPF DW[GT PWODGTU (KPG =YKVJ? 5VCEMŉU 6*' /+%*#'. ( 24+%' %1..'%6+10 1( #0%+'06 )4''- #0& 41/#0 %1+05 0GY ;QTM &GE RCIGU NQVU KNNWU VTCVGF $QVJ VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU (KPG #P KORQTVCPV ITQWR QH CPEKGPV EQKP UCNGU 6JG -PQDNQEJ UCNGU CTG 5RTKPI CPF = CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CPEKGPV )TGGM EQKPUŌ CPF Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH 4QOCP RTQXKPEKCN EQKPUŌ CNUQ NKUVGF WPFGT Ō/QUV KORQTVCPV UCNGU QH CGU ITCXGŌ? 5WRGTKQT )CNNGTKGU YKVJ $CPM .GW 0WOKUOCVKEU 6*' #$4#*#/ $41/$'4) %1..'%6+10 1( ,'9+5* %1+05 2#465 + ++ 0GY ;QTM &GE &GE 6YQ XQNWOGU VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU RQTVTCKV VGZV KNNWUVTCVKQPU VJTQWIJQWV $QVJ YKVJ RTKEGU TGCNK\GF NKUV $QVJ ECVCNQIWGU JCPF CPPQVCVGF YKVJ UVCTVKPI CPF UGNNKPI RTKEGU CPF DKFFGT PWODGTU QT PCOGU 0GCT HKPG #PPQVCVGF EQRKGU QH VJKU UWRGTD EQNNGEVKQP GZEGNNGPVN[ ECVCNQIWGF CPF KNNWUVTCVGF VJTQWIJQWV &CGJP ŌQPG QH VJG OQUV EQORNGVG EQNNGEVKQPU QH ,GYKUJ EQKPU GXGT HQTOGF Ō 5WRGTKQT )CNNGTKGU 6*' #$4#/19+6< (#/+.; %1..'%6+10 1( ,7&'#0 $+$.+%#. 4'.#6'& %1+0#)' 0GY ;QTM &GE VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU 6JG HKTUV NQVU ,GYKUJ EQKPU CTG JCPF RTKEGF QHVGP YKVJ DW[GTUŉ PCOGU CPF PWODGTU TGE QTFGF 2TKEGU TGCNK\GF NCKF KP =YKVJ? #TEJCGQNQIKECN %GPVGT #7%6+10 01 6*' #401.& 52#'4 %1..'%6+10 1( #0%+'06 ,'9+5* %1+05 6GN #XKX 1EVQDGT VQ QTKIKPCN RKEVQTKCN ECTF EQXGTU RCIGU NQVU YGNN KNNWUVTCVGF 9KVJ 24. 0GCT HKPG 6YQ UKIPKHKECPV UCNGU

INDEX #DTCOQYKV\ EQNNGEVKQP #ESWCTQ 'PTKEQ #FCPC /WUGWO #FGNUQP *QYCTF . #FOKPKUVTCVKQP FGU /QPPCKGU GV /¾FCKNNGU #MCTEC #UMKFKN #NGZCPFTQRQWNQU ,CESWGU #NHGP 2GVGT ) XCP #NHÌNFK #PFTGCU #NHÌNFK /CTKC 4 #NNGP & ( #NNQVVG FG NC (Ò[G EQNNGEVKQP #NNQWEJG .G 2CIG 6J #NTCO /KEJCGN #OCPFT[ /KEJGN #OCU[C /WUGWO #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ #PCUVCUK /CTEQ #PQMJKP 8 # #PVKMGPOWUGWO $CUGN #TPQNF $KWEEJK %CTOGP #TU %NCUUKEC #TUNCP 'TOCPPQ # #TUNCP /GNKJ #UJOQNGCP /WUGWO #UJVQP 4KEJCTF #UKPU %CTOGP #NHCTQ #VNCP 5CDCJCV #WNQEM *CPU XQP

BCDGNQP 'TPGUV

$CJTHGNFV /CZ $CLQEEJK EQNNGEVKQP $CNFYKP #IPGU $CNFYKP #NDGTV $CNN 4QDGTV $CNOWVJ /KTKCO 5 $CTCI & $CTCOMK & % $CTCPQYUM[ /KEJGNG $CTMC[ 4CEJGN $CTMÉE\K . $CTTQP ,QJP 2GPTQUG $CUVKGP 2KGTTG ņ ņ $CWUNCWIJ 4QDGTV # $C[GT (TCPE $%& EQNNGEVKQP ņ $GEMOCPP /CTVKP $GFQWMKCP 2CWN < $GNHQTV EQNNGEVKQP $GNNKPIGT #NHTGF 4 ņ $GNNQPK )KCP )WKFQ $GOGPV EQNNGEVKQP $GOQPV % $GPPGT 5VGXG / $GTGPF & $GTM *CTNCP , $GTPCTF 2CWN $GTPJCTV /CZ

$GTVGN½ 6QOOCUQ $KGDGT /CTICTGV $KXCT # & * $NCPF 4QIGT $NQGUEJ *CPULÌTI $QFGPUVGFV (TKGFTKEJ $QORQKU (GTFKPCPF $QRGCTCEJEJK 1UOWPF $QWTIG[ 'VKGPPG ņ $TCPFKU EQNNGEVKQP $TGINKC . $TGPQV %NCWFG $TKVKUJ /WUGWO $TKVKUJ 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ $TQODGTI EQNNGEVKQP $TQQMG % 0 . $TQYP &QPCNF ( $TWWP 2CVTKEM $WNICTUMC #MCFGOKLC PC 0CWMKVG $WPDWT[ EQNNGEVKQP $WTGN EQNNGEVKQP $WTPGVV #PFTGY $WTTGT (TKGFTKEJ $WVEJGT -GXKP $WVVTG[ 6 8

CCEECOQ %CNVCDKCPQ /CTKC %CJP #FQNRJ ' ņ %CJP * # %CNG[ 'CTNG 4CFENKHHG %CNNCVCÕ (TCP¼QKU FG %CNNW ,GCP 2KGTTG %COOCPP ,GCP $ %COOCTCVC 'P\Q %CORDGNN 9KNNKCO %CORQ /CTVC %CPGUUC #ODTQIKQ %CPGUUC % %CPGUUC % ' %CTECUUQPPG %JCTNQVVG %CTQP EQNNGEVKQP %CTTCFKEG +CP %CTUQP 4 # ) %CUUQP . %CUVGNKP -CTGN %CXCIPC #NGUUCPFTQ %JG[PGV ,GCP %NCWFG %KCPK .QWKU ņ %KEEKQ ) K\OGNK <G[PGR %NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK ' ' %NCUUKECN 0WOKUOCVKE )TQWR ņ %QJGP 'FYCTF ' %QJGP *GPT[ %QNDGTV FG $GCWNKGW ,GCP $CRVKUVG %QNKP *CPU , %QORCTGVVG 6 %QTPGNN 7PKXGTUKV[ %ÊVG EQNNGEVKQP %QVJGPGV #PFT¾

%QWTVCWNF EQNNGEVKQP %QZ & * %TCYHQTF /KEJCGN * %WTKGN 4CQWN %WTVGV # %WTVKU ,QJP %WTVKU 8GUVC 5CTMJQUJ %W\\K EQNNGEVKQP

DCGJP 9KNNKCO ' &COUICCTF /CFUGP # &CXKU EQNNGEVKQP &GNDTÒEM 4KEJCTF &GODUMK )ÒPVGT &GOQ ĺGNLMQ &GRG[TQV )GQTIGU &GRRGTV .KRRKV\ $CTDCTC &GTQE #PVQPKP &GUPGWZ ,WNGU &GYKPI EQNNGEVKQP &KUUCTF EQNNGEVKQP &KVVTKEJ - &QTQVJGWO -WPUVCDVGKNWPI &TCICPQX &KOKVCT &W %JCUVGN EQNNGEVKQP &W %JCUVGN FG NC *QYCTFTKGU %QOVG #ND¾TKE &W /GUPKN FW $WKUUQP 4QDGTV %QOVG &WEJCNCKU #FQNRJG &WRNGUU[ ,GCP &WRTKG\ %J EFYCTFU ,

'IIGT $TÒFGT ņ 'MFQU¼ VÊP 2JKNÊP VW 0QOKUOCVKMW /WUGKW 'NC[K # ) 'NC[K , ņ 'NOGT )GQTI 'PIGN )TQU EQNNGEVKQP 'PIGNK # 'TTKPIVQP 'NK\CDGVJ 'UVKQV 5[NXKCPG

FCDTG )CDTKGNNG

(GNNQYU %JCTNGU (GWCTFGPV (¾NKZ (GWCTFGPV (T½TGU ņ (KUEJGT $TKIKVVG (KUEJGT $QUUGTV 9QNHICPI (KV\ ,GPÌ (NQTCPEG # (NQTCPIG ,WNGU (QTTGT 4QDGTV (QWT[ 2 (TCPMG 2GVGT 4 (TKGFGPDGTI &CPKGN / (TKGFNCGPFGT , (TQNQXC 0KPC # (WEJU )ÒPVGT (ÒGI (TCP\ (WTIGT )WPVK #PFTGU (WTVY·PINGT #PFTGCU ' (WUUOCP )¾TCTF

GCTFPGT 2GTE[ )CTTGVV EQNNGEVKQP )CWVKGT )GQTIGU )GFCK + )GOKPK 0WOKUOCVKE #WEVKQPU )GTTCTF ,QJCPP )KCEQUC )KQTIKQ )KCTF ,GCP $CRVKUVG )KN (CTTGU 1EVCXKQ )KNJQHGT 4CPUEJDWTI )KNNLCO *CPU * )KVNGT *CKO )NGPFKPKPI %Q ņ )ÌDN 4QDGTV )QQFYKP 6QP[ )QTFQP &KNNKCP )QTKPK )KQXCPPK )TCPFLGCP %CVJGTKPG )TCPV /KEJCGN )TGGPYGNN 9KNNKCO )TKGTUQP 2JKNKR )TWGN -CVJGTKPG )TWPCWGT XQP *QGTUEJGNOCPP 5WUCPPG )TWPVJCN *GPT[ )TÒPYCNF /KEJCGN )WCF±P #PVQPKQ / )WGUV 2 5 9 )WKNNGOCKP ,GCP )WNDGPMKCP EQNNGEVKQP )WUVCX 8+ #FQNRJ EQNNGEVKQP )[UGNGP 4KMC HCEMGPU 6QP[ *CGDGTNKP EQNNGEVKQP *CGHGNK .GQ *CJP EQNNGEVKQP *CNN ' 6 *CODWTIGT -WPUVJCNNG *CODWTIGT ,QUGRJ *CODWTIGT .GQ ņ *CTN -GPPGVJ 9 *C\\CTF 4 # *GCF $CTENC[ 8 *GDGTNG , / *GGTGP + *GGUEJ , XCP *GKRR 6COGT %JTKUVKPG *GNDKPI 1VVQ ņ *GPFKP &CXKF ņ *GPF[ /KEJCGN ( *GTOCPP EQNNGEVKQP *GTUJ %JCTNGU *GUU #FQNRJ ņ *KNN )GQTIG ( *KNN 2JKNKR 8 *KTOGT /CZ *KTUEJ ,CEQD *KTUEJ EQNNGEVKQP *QDDU 4KEJCTF *QHHOCPP * ņ

*QJNHGNFGT 4QDGTV . *QNNQYC[ 4 *QQXGT 1NKXGT & *QWIJVQP #TVJWT *QYIGIQ %JTKUVQRJGT , *ÒDPGT 7 *WNVUEJ (TKGFTKEJ *WPVGT EQNNGEVKQP *WTVGT 5KNXKC /CPK *WVJ /CTVKP *WXGNKP *¾N½PG

ICEQXQW /CTKC

+ECTF 5¾XGTKP +OJQQH $NWOGT ( +OJQQH $NWOGT EQNNGEVKQP +PUVKVWEKQP (GTPCPFQ GN %CVQNKEQ +PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QOOKUUKQP ņ +PVGTPCVKQPCN 0WOKUOCVKE %QPITGUU ņ +QTFCPQX +XCP +TGNCPF 5 +UTCGN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[

JGNQEPKM #NGMUCPFGT

,GPMKPU ) - ,GPMKPU -GPPGVJ ,QJPUVQP #PP ,WEMGT *CPU ,WGN ,GPUGP $GPV

KCFOCP .GQ

-CGPGN * / XQP -COROCPP 7TUWNC -CRQUU[ $CN±\U -CTC[QVQX +XCP -CTYKGUG 5VGHCP -CWHOCP , -C[JCP EQNNGEVKQP -GT¾P[K # -GUVPGT /WUGWO -GWTGP (TCPEGU XCP -KPFNGT #T[G -KPI %CVJ[ ' -KPPU 2JKNKR -KUEJ $TWPQ -NGKPGT (TGF 5 -NQUG &KGVTKEJ 1 # -NWIG $GTPF -PCRR 4QDGTV % -PCWH ' # -QDNKV\ EQNNGEVKQP -QND &T -ÌPKINKEJG /WUGGP \W $GTNKP -QU 2GVGT -QUVKCN /KEJCGNC -TCC[ %QNKP / -TCHV -QPTCF -TGFK ;CRÓ -TGO[FK 5KEKNKCPQW 5QRJKC -TGW\GT /CVVJGY -TKVV $TKCP -TQNN ,QJP *

-T\[CPQYUMC #NGMUCPFTC -WPUVHTGWPFGU EQNNGEVKQP -WPUVJKUVQTKUEJG 5COONWPIGP FGU #NNGTJÌEJUVGP -CKUGTJCWUGU -WPUVJKUVQTKUEJGU /WUGWO 9KGP

LCECO )W[

.CHHCKNNG /CWTKEG .CJKTK # 0 .CNNGOCPF , .CPINQKU 8KEVQT .CXXC 5VGNNC .G .QWR 9 .G 4KFGT )GQTIGU .GGFU ' 6 .GKV\OCPP , .GOCP *GPTK .GORGTV\ /CVJ ņ .GUEJJQTP 9 .GW $CPM .GW 0WOKUOCVKEU .GXKPUQP 4QDGTV # .GX[ &T .GYKU 4 $ .*5 0WOKUOCVKEU .KCORK -CVGTKPK .KIJVHQQV % 5 .KPFITGP EQNNGEVKQP .KP\CNQPG ,QUGRJ .KRUKWU , ) .QTDGT %CVJCTKPG % .QTGP\GNNK 2KGVTQ .WMCPE +XQ .WNNKTK )KWUGRRG

MCDDQVV EQNNGEVKQP /CE&QPCNF &CXKF /CE +UCCE ,QJP & /CFFGP (TGFGTKE 9 /CIPCIWVK EQNNGEVKQP /CNNQ[ #NGZ ) /CNWSWGT FG /QVGU , /CPIKGTK )KWUGRRG .KDGTQ /CTVKP (GTGPE /CTVKP 2GVGT *WIQ /CTVKPK EQNNGEVKQP /CVGW [ .NQRKU ( /CVVKPIN[ *CTQNF /C[ , / ( /C[GT . # /C[U /GNKPFC /E#NGG 4KEJCTF /GNXKNNG ,QPGU ,QJP 4 /GPUKVKGTK /CTKPC 6CNKGTEKQ /GT\DCEJGT 'WIGP ņ /GUJQTGT ;CňCMQX ņ /GVECNH &CXKF /KEJCGN /GVECNH 9KNNKCO ' /GVNKEJ /KEJCGN #PFTGCU /GV\IGT %CVJGTKPG /KNDCPM 5COWGN 4 /KNFGPDGTI .GQ ņ

/KNGU )GQTIG % ņ /KNPG , ) /KTPKM + # /KVEJKPGT /KEJCGN /KVVCI 2GVGT (TCP\ /NCUQYUM[ #NGZCPFGT /QOOUGP 6JGQFQT /QPVCIW EQNNGEVKQP /QTICP , FG /QTKP 'TKE /ÎTMJQNO 1VVQ /QTTKUQP -CTN ( /QWEJCTVG )JKUNCPG /QWUVCMC #NKMK /WGJUCO #NKEG /ÒPEJPGT /ÒP\JCPFNWPI -CTN -TG /WPTQ *C[ 5VWCTV % ņ /ÒP\GP WPF /GFCKNNGP /WUJOQX /QWEJOQX 0KMQNC #

NCUJ &CRJPG 0CUVGT 2CWN 0GY ;QTM 5CNG )TQWR 0GYGNN 'FYCTF 6 ņ 0KEQNC .WKIK FG 0KEQNCQW +PQ 0KIIGNGT EQNNGEVKQP 0KNUUQP * 0QG 5[FPG[ 2 ņ 0QGUMG * % 0QNN¾ ,QJCPGU 0QOQU 0QTOCP EQNNGEVKQP 0VCPVCNKC (QVKPK 0WOKUOCVKE (KPG #TVU 0WOKUOCVKEC #TU %NCUUKEC ņ 0WOKUOCVKM .CP\ OGEQPQOKFGU /CPFQ 1N¼C[ 0GMTKOCP 1PFTQWEJ 8QLVÂEJ 1TPC 1TPUVGKP ,QJP 1TUQNKPK )CDTKGNNC 4QP\KVVK PCIG #NHTGF 2CPETC\\K 1TNCPFC 2CPIGTN EQNNGEVKQP 2CQNWEEK 4CHHCGNG 2CRCGHVJ[OKQW 'NGPK ) 2CRCIGQTIKCFQW $CPKU %JCTKMNGKC 2CWVCUUQ #PFTGC 2GKZQVQ %CDTCN , / 2GM±T[ 6JQOCU 2GPPC 8CUUKNKMK 2GPPKUK #IQUVKPQ 2GVGT 7NTKMG 2KECTF 1NKXKGT 2KEQ\\K 8KVVQTKQ 2KPFGT / 2KPM -CTN 2NCPV 4KEJCTF 2NCVV %N¾OGPV

2NCVV *CNN EQNNGEVKQP 2NKGIQ 8±\SWG\ 4WVJ 2QNNCTF )TCJCO 2QRQXKº 2GVCT 2QUVGN 4 2Q\\K EQNNGEVKQP 2TKEG /CTVKP ,GUUQR 2TKGWT -CTKP 2TKGWT /KEJGN 2TKPEGVQP 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TQMQRQX +N[C 2TQURGTQ EQNNGEVKQP 2TQYG EQNNGEVKQP

QGFCT 5JTCIC RCOCIG #

4CPKGTK 'IKFKQ 4CUOWUUGP #TPG $TWWP 4CVVQ /CTKQ ņ 4CVVQ 4QFQNHQ ņ 4CVVQ EQNNGEVKQP 4CXGN 1UECT ' 4CYNKPIU ) $ 4$9 EQNNGEVKQP 4GFKPI .WEKGP 4GINKPI -WTV 4GKHGPDGTI #FQNH ņ 4GKPCEJ 6J¾QFQTG 4GPV\OCPP 9KNJGNO 4KEJVGT /QPKMC 4KEQVVK 2TKPC &KGIQ 4KGEJOCPP # 4KRQNN½U 2GTG 2CW 4KXC 4GP\Q 4K\\Q )KWNKQ 'OCPWGNG 4QDGTV .QWKU 4QDKPUQP 5VCPNG[ 4QJFG EQNNGEVKQP 4QNNKP (GWCTFGPV ņ 4QP\GXCNNG 5 4QUGP EQNNGEVKQP 4QUGPDGTI 5CNN[ 4QVGP *QTVGPUKC XQP 4Q[CN 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ 4WVVGT 0 - ņ 4[CP EQNNGEVKQP

SCNNGV #NHTGF XQP

5CNNWUVQ (GFGTKEQ 5CODQP #TVJWT 5COWGNU %NCWFKC 9CNNCEM ĥCPFTQXUMCLC 8CNGPVKPC 5 5CPIKQTIK ) 5CPVCOCTKC 2 2 ņ 5CWNE[ EQNNGEVKQP 5CX½U )GQTIGU 5EJCNNGPDGTI EQNNGEVKQP 5EJ·TNK $ 5EJGGTU 5KOQPG ņ 5EJNGUUKPIGT (GNKZ 5EJÌPGTV )GKUU 'FKVJ

5EJWDGTV * 5EJWNOCP *CPU / ( 5EJWNOCP , ņ 5EJWNOCP ,CESWGU 5EJWNVG $GTPJCTF 5EJWNV\ 5CDKPG 5EJWN\MK *GKP\ ,QCEJKO 5GCD[ * # 5GCT &CXKF 4 5GICN #TVJWT 5GKDV 9GTPGT 5GNNYQQF &CXKF 5GNVOCP %JCTNGU 5GPKQT 4 % 5GWTG )GQTIGU 5G[TKI *GPTK 5JGCT ,QUGRJKPG 2 5JGGF[ -GPPGVJ # 5JGNQX & $ 5JKGN 0QTOCP 5KNNU ,QJP 5KOQP EQNNGEVKQP 5KOQPGVVC #NDGTVQ / 5KOQPGVVC $QPQ 5OQNLCP /WUGWO 5QEKGV¯ 0WOKUOCVKEC +VCNKCPC 5QEK¾V¾ 4Q[CNG FG 0WOKUOCVKSWG 5QVJGD[ŉU ņ 5RKLMGTOCP #WIWUVWU 5RKPM 5QP 5RTKPI ,QJP 5VCCVNKEJG /ÒP\UCOONWPI /ÒPEJGP 5VCEMŉU 5VCEM EQNNGEVKQP 5VCFVDKDNKQVJGM 9KPVGTVJWT 5VCOQWNKU EQNNGEVKQP 5VCTT %JGUVGT ) 5VGHCP (TKGFTKEJ 5VWEM[ 4 # 5VWORH )GTF 4 5WRGTKQT )CNNGTKGU 5WVJGTNCPF % * 8 5[FGPJCO 'FYCTF # 5[FGPJCO EQNNGEVKQP 5[NNQIG 0WOOQTWO 5CUCPKFCTWO 5[NNQIG 0WOQTWO #TCDKEQTWO 5[NNQIG QH %QKPU QH VJG $TKVKUJ +UNGU 5[UQP .WMG 5\CKXGTV 9QNHICPI

TCN 1TGP

6CNNKU 0KIGN 6GMKP 1 6JKTKQP /CTEGN 6JQORUQP 6JQORUQP /CTICTGV 6JQOUGP 4WFK 6JWTNQY $TCFDWT[ - 6QNUVQK EQNNGEVKQP 6QRCNQX 5VCXTK

6QWTCVUQINQW + 2 6QWTCVUQINQW +QCPPKU 6Q[PDGG ,QEGN[P / % 6TCW EQNNGEVKQP 6TCXCKPK .WEKC 6TC[PGN EQNNGEVKQP 6TGNN $NWOC . 6TKNNOKEJ 9CNVGT 6TQZGNN *[NC # 6UCPICTK &KOKVTC +

UTDCP /CTKC $QPCTKC VCEECTQ (TCPEGUEQ

8CIK &CXKF . 8CKNNCPV , XCPŉV *CCHH 2 # 8CTGUK #NDGTVQ 8CUUGNNG (TCP¼QKU 8GEEJK +VCNQ 8GTOGWNG %QTPGNKWU % 8GTPKP EQNNGEVKQP 8KEQ /QPVGQNKXKC ,GUÐU 8KGTQTFV EQNNGEVKQP 8KNNCTQPIC . 8KT\K EQNNGEVKQP 8QGIVNK *CPU 8QGVVGT 1VVQ 8QNNGPYGKFGT /CTKG .QWKUG

WCIIQPGT 0CPE[ 9CNMGT #NCP 5 9CTF EQNNGEVKQP 9CTF ,QJP 9CTTGP ,GPPKHGT # 9 9CTVGPDGTI 7VG 9CUJDWTP -KPI EQNNGEVKQP 9CVMKPU (TGFGTKEM / 9GKFCWGT .KUGNQVVG 9GKUGT 9QNHITCO 9GUV #NNGP $ 9GUV .QWKU % 9GUVGTOCTM 7NNC 9JKVVKPI 2 & 9KNNKCOU 4QFGTKEM 6 9KP\GT #ZGN 9QTM 'WPKEG 9Q[VGM $GTPJCTF 9TWEM 9CNFGOCT 9WNHKPI EQNNGEVKQP YCNG %QNNGIG ;QTFCPQX +XCP ;QWTQWMQXC ;QTFCPMC ZCJNG ,CP

<GPQ EQNNGEVKQP <QITCH # 0

KREINDLER REFERENCES $CDGNQP 'TPGUV #PEKGPV 0WOKUOCVKEU CPF +VU *KUVQT[ +PENWFKPI C %TKVKECN 4GXKGY QH VJG .KVGTCVWTG 6TCPUNCVGF D[ 'NK\CDGVJ 5CXKNNG .QPFQP CPF %TGUVNKPG %CNKHQTPKC 5RKPM CPF -QNDG

$GNFGP $CWOCP . /GFCNU CPF 2WDNKECVKQPU QH VJG #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE 5QEKGV[ YKVJ CP *KUVQTKECN 5MGVEJ 0GY ;QTM #05

$TWPGV ,CESWGU %JCTNGU /CPWGN FW .KDTCTKG GV FG NÅ&#x2030;#OCVGWT FG .KXTGUÅ&#x2018; 2CTKU .KDTCKTKG FG (KTOKP &KFQV (TÂ½TGU (KNU GV %KG Å&#x2020; (KHVJ GFKVKQP

%NCKP 5VGHCPGNNK 'NXKTC 0WOKUOCVKE $KDNKQITCRJ[ /WPKEJ $CVVGPDWTI

&CGJP 9KNNKCO ' #PPQVCVGF $KDNKQITCRJ[ QH #PEKGPV )TGGM 0WOKUOCVKEU 'ZRCPFGF UGEQPF GFKVKQP .CPECUVGT

&CXKU %JCTNGU ' #OGTKECP 0WOKUOCVKE .KVGTCVWTG #P #PPQVCVGF 5WTXG[ QH #WEVKQP 5CNGU .KPEQNP 3WCTVGTOCP

&GMGUGN %JTKUVKCP ' $KDNKQVJGEC 0WOOCTKC ++ $KDNKQITCRJ[ QH VJ %GPVWT[ 0WOKUOCVKE $QQMU +NNWUVTCVGF CPF #PPQVCVGF %CVCNQIWG %TGUVNKPG %CNKHQTPKC -QNDG .QPFQP 5RKPM

&GMGUGN % ' CPF ; / / &GMGUGN FG 4W[EM $KDNKQVJGEC 0WOOCTKC +++ $KDNKQITCRJ[ QH VJ %GPVWT[ 0WOKUOCVKE $QQMU +NNWUVTCVGF CPF #PPQVCVGF %CVCNQIWG .QPFQP 5RKPM Å&#x2020;=QPIQKPI?

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Bernd Kluge Die Münzen König Friedrichs II. von Preußen (1740 –1786) Auf Grundlage der Werke Friedrich Freiherr von Schrötters neu bearbeitet. Unter Mitarbeit von Elke Bannicke und Renate Vogel

Berliner Numismatische Forschungen. Neue Folge Band 10 Gebr. Mann Verlag · Berlin 2012 Gebunden, 21 × 29,7 cm, 416 Seiten, € 49,00 ISBN 978-3-7861-2667-6

Das Buch verbindet den Bestandskatalog des Berliner Münzkabinetts (3.597 Münzen) mit einer Gesamtkatalogisierung der Münzen Friedrichs des Großen und einer Darstellung der Münzgeschichte. Im Katalog sind alle Typen, Varianten und Jahrgänge beschrieben und über 1.500 Münzen abgebildet. Münzkommentare bieten Hintergründe und Prägezahlen zu den einzelnen Emissionen, in Tabellen sind Münzsorten, Münzfüße und Prägemengen zusammengefasst. Die münzgeschichtliche Darstellung zeichnet auf der Grundlage der Werke des verdienten Erforschers der preußischen Münzgeschichte Friedrich Freiherr von Schrötter (1862–1944) die wesentlichen Entwicklungen nach und bietet eine Neubewertung der Münzpolitik Friedrichs des Großen. Ein Dokumentenanhang fasst die dafür wichtigsten archivalischen Quellen zusammen. Als Separatum liegt dem Buch eine aktuelle Bewertungsliste der Münzen Friedrichs des Großen auf der Grundlage der Preisentwicklung der letzten fünfzig Jahre bei. Bestellungen an Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG, Gutenbergstrasse 23, D-49076 Osnabrück Tel 0541 / 96 20 20

Fax 0541 / 96 20 222

service@kuenker.de

Allgemeine Geschäfts- und Versteigerungsbedingungen für eLive-Auktionen § 1 Geltungsbereich Unsere nachfolgenden Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen eLive Auction gelten für sämtliche Rechtsgeschäfte zwischen der Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG (Auktionator) und dem Kunden im Rahmen der Teilnahme an den eLive Auctions. Eventuell von unseren Geschäftsbedingungen abweichenden Einkaufsbedingungen des Bestellers wird hiermit ausdrücklich widersprochen; dieser Widerspruch gilt auch für den Fall, dass der Besteller für den Widerspruch eine besondere Form vorgeschrieben hat. Ist ein Widerspruch ausgeschlossen, so treten anstelle widersprechender Bedingungen die gesetzlichen Bestimmungen. Eine Anerkennung abweichender Einkaufsbedingungen tritt nur dann ein, wenn ihre Anwendung von uns schriftlich bestätigt worden ist. § 2 Vertragsschluss Bei den eLive Auctions (Versteigerung) handelt es sich um öffentliche Versteigerungen der Auktionatoren Fritz Rudolf Künker, Oliver Köpp, Arne Kirsch und Dr. Andreas Kaiser der Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG i. S. d. § 156 BGB. Die Versteigerung erfolgt im Auftrag und für Rechnung der Eigentümer unter Einhaltung der sich aus der Versteigerungsordnung (BGBl I 1976, 1346) ergebenden und für Kommissionäre geltenden gesetzlichen Bestimmungen des BGB und HGB gegen Zahlung des Kaufpreises in Euro-Währung. Durch Abgabe eines Gebotes werden die Versteigerungsbedingungen anerkannt, dies gilt auch für die schriftlichen Gebote. Jedes Gebot des Kunden im Rahmen der eLive Auction stellt ein verbindliches Angebot zum Abschluss eines Kaufvertrages dar. Dieses ist solange wirksam bis ein höheres Gebot (Übergebot) abgegeben oder die eLive Auction ohne Erteilung eines Zuschlages geschlossen wird. Ein Vertrag kommt erst durch Zuschlag des Auktionators zustande. Der Zuschlag erfolgt nach dreimaliger Hervorhebung des höchsten Gebotes und verpflichtet zur Abnahme und Zahlung. Der Versteigerer ist berechtigt, Nummern zu vereinigen oder zu trennen. Eine Vorausnahme von Nummern erfolgt nicht. Die Teilnahme an der Versteigerung ist nur Kunden gestattet, die sich zuvor bei den eLive Auctions registriert haben. Sowohl mit der Registrierung für unsere eLive Auctions als auch mit Abgabe des Gebotes akzeptieren Sie unsere Allgemeinen Bedingungen für die eLive Auctions. § 3 Katalog, Besichtigung Die Beschreibung im Katalog ist gewissenhaft durchgeführt. Sie begründet jedoch keine Rechts- oder Sachmängelhaftung gemäß §§ 434, 459 ff BGB. Die Angabe der Erhaltung ist streng nach den im deutschen Münzhandel üblichen Erhaltungseinstufungen vorgenommen und gilt als persönliche Beurteilung. Der Auktionskatalog kann als PDF-Datei heruntergeladen werden. Gegen Kostenerstattung i. H. v. 10 € versenden wir auch einen Ausdruck des Kataloges. § 4 Gebotsschritte Die Mindeststeigerungsstufen für das Bietungsverfahren betragen: Höhe der Gebote Mindeststeigerungsstufe bis zu 50,– EUR 2,– EUR bis zu 200,– EUR 5,– EUR bis zu 500,– EUR 10,– EUR bis zu 1.000,– EUR 25,– EUR bis zu 2.000,– EUR 50,– EUR bis zu 5.000,– EUR 100,– EUR bis zu 10.000,– EUR 250,– EUR bis zu 20.000,– EUR 500,– EUR bis zu 50.000,– EUR 1.000,– EUR ab 50.000,– EUR 2.500,– EUR Bei mehreren gleichhohen Geboten erhält das zuerst eingegangene den Zuschlag.

§ 5 Versandkosten Die Kosten des Versandes werden wie folgt gesondert in Rechnung gestellt: Der Versand für Bücher wird nach Aufwand berechnet. Für sonstige Ware gilt: Versand innerhalb der BRD: € 5,90 pro Paket, ab € 1.000 Bestellwert versandkostenfrei. Versand innerhalb der EU (inkl. Schweiz und Norwegen): € 9,90 pro Paket, ab € 2.500 Bestellwert versandkostenfrei. Versand nach Übersee: € 14,90 pro Paket, ab € 5.000 Bestellwert versandkostenfrei. § 6 Zahlung Der Zuschlagpreis bildet die Berechnungsgrundlage für das vom Käufer zu zahlende Aufgeld. Für Käufer aus EU-Ländern gilt: Für Verbraucher wird einheitlich ein Aufgeld von 17,5 % (im Gesamtbetrag ist die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer enthalten) erhoben. Für Unternehmer i. S. d. UStG wird bei differenzbesteuerter Ware ein Aufgeld von 17,5 % erhoben (im Gesamtbetrag ist die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer bereits enthalten), bei regelbesteuerter Ware ein Aufgeld von 12,5 % (zzgl. gesetzlicher Umsatzsteuer von derzeit 19 % auf Gesamtbetrag von Zuschlag und Aufgeld). Ausfuhrlieferungen in EU-Länder sind bei Vorlage der gesetzlichen Voraussetzungen von der Umsatzsteuer befreit. Für Käufer mit Wohnsitz in Drittländern (außerhalb der EU) gilt: Das Aufgeld beträgt einheitlich 12,5 %. Wird die Ware vom Käufer selbst oder durch Dritte in Drittländer ausgeführt, wird die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer berechnet, jedoch bei Vorlage der gesetzlich geforderten Ausfuhrnachweise erstattet. Führen wir diese Ware selbst in Drittländer aus, wird die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer nicht berechnet. Für Goldmünzen, die von der gesetzlichen Umsatzsteuer befreit sind, wird ein Aufgeld von 12,5 % berechnet. Für Bücher gilt: Es wird ein Aufgeld von 15 % berechnet (zzgl. gesetzlicher Umsatzsteuer von 7 % auf Gesamtbetrag von Zuschlag und Aufgeld). Ausfuhrlieferungen in EU-Länder sind bei Vorlage der gesetzlichen Voraussetzungen von der Umsatzsteuer befreit. Werden Bücher vom Käufer selbst oder durch Dritte in Drittländer (außerhalb der EU) ausgeführt, wird die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer berechnet, jedoch bei Vorlage der gesetzlich geforderten Ausfuhrnachweise erstattet. Führen wir die Bücher selbst in Drittländer aus, wird die gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer nicht berechnet. Im Ausland anfallende (Einfuhr-)Umsatzsteuer und Zölle trägt in jedem Fall der Käufer. Nach Zuschlagserteilung und Erhalt der Rechnung ist die Zahlung innerhalb von 14 Tagen auf eines unserer Konten zu leisten. § 7 Lieferung, Lieferfrist Die Lieferung bei den eLive Auctions erfolgt nur gegen Vorauskasse. Ihnen wird nach Erteilung des Zuschlages eine Rechnung übersandt, die Sie innerhalb von 14 Tagen an uns zu zahlen haben. Nach Zahlungseingang werden wir die Ware innerhalb von 14 Tagen an Sie übersenden. Ist der Kunde Unternehmer, so geht die Gefahr des zufälligen Untergangs sowie der zufälligen Verschlechterung der Ware mit der Übergabe, beim Versendungskauf mit der Auslieferung der Sache an den Spediteur, den Frachtführer oder die sonst zur Ausführung der Versendung bestimmte Person oder Anstalt auf den Kunden über. Ist der Käufer Verbraucher, so geht die Gefahr des zufälligen Untergangs und der zufälligen Verschlechterung der verkauften Sache beim Versendungskauf erst mit der Übergabe der Sache auf den Käufer über. Der Übergabe steht es gleich, wenn der Verbraucher in Verzug mit der Annahme der verkauften Sache ist. Die von uns zu tragende Versandgefahr ist durch den Abschluss ausreichender Versicherungen abgedeckt.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

§ 8 Mängelhaftung Da durch Vorbesichtigung Gelegenheit gegeben ist, sich vom Erhaltungszustand des Versteigerungsgutes zu überzeugen, können nach erfolgtem Zuschlag Reklamationen nur bei irrtümlich übersehener Henkel- oder Fassungsspur oder gestopftem Loch berücksichtigt werden. Bei Losen mit mehreren Stücken sind die Stückzahlen nur Circa-Angaben, irrtümliche Zuschreibungen sind im Einzelfall nicht ausgeschlossen. Diese Lose sind nach erfolgtem Zuschlag von jeder Reklamation ausgeschlossen. Der Versteigerer kann bei eventuellen Meinungsverschiedenheiten bzw. Beanstandungen einen vereidigten Sachverständigen seiner Wahl (die Kosten trägt der unterliegende Teil) beauftragen. Eventuelle Beanstandungen können nur innerhalb von 8 Tagen nach der Auktion bzw. nach Erhalt der ersteigerten Stücke berücksichtigt werden. Die Echtheit der Stücke wird bis zur Höhe des Kaufpreises garantiert. Die beigedruckten Preise sind Schätzpreise, die unter- oder überschritten werden können. Sofern sich im Anschluss an die Versteigerung wider Erwarten herausstellt, dass ein Stück eine Fälschung darstellt, haftet der Versteigerer für einen daraus entstandenen Schaden nur bis zur Höhe des Kaufpreises. Sollten gelieferte Artikel offensichtliche Mängel aufweisen, wozu auch Transportschäden zählen, so ist der Kunde verpflichtet, solche Mängel unverzüglich zu reklamieren. Das Versäumnis dieser Rüge hat allerdings für die gesetzlichen Ansprüche von Verbrauchern keine Konsequenzen. § 9 Datenschutz Alle personenbezogenen Daten werden grundsätzlich vertraulich behandelt und nicht an Dritte weitergegeben.

§ 10 Haftungsbeschränkung In allen Fällen, in denen aufgrund vertraglicher oder gesetzlicher Anspruchsgrundlagen der Auktionator und/oder der Einlieferer zum Schadens- oder Aufwendungsersatz verpflichtet ist, haften diese nur, soweit ihnen Vorsatz, grobe Fahrlässigkeit oder eine Verletzung von Leben, Körper oder Gesundheit zur Last fällt. Unberührt bleibt die verschuldensunabhängige Haftung nach dem Produkthaftungsgesetz. Unberührt bleibt auch die Haftung für die schuldhafte Verletzung wesentlicher Vertragspflichten; die Haftung ist insoweit jedoch außer in den Fällen der Sätze 1 und 2 auf den vorhersehbaren, vertragstypischen Schaden beschränkt. Eine Änderung der Beweislast zum Nachteil des Kunden ist mit den vorstehenden Regelungen nicht verbunden. § 11 Anzuwendendes Recht, Gerichtsstand Es gilt ausschließlich das Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Das Übereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen über Verträge über den internationalen Warenkauf (CISG) findet keine Anwendung. Gegenüber Unternehmern i. S. d. § 14 BGB und Käufern ohne allgemeinen Gerichtsstand im Inland ist Erfüllungsort und ausschließlicher Gerichtsstand bei allen aus dem Vertragsverhältnis unmittelbar oder mittelbar sich ergebenden Streitigkeiten Osnabrück. Sollte eine der Bestimmungen ganz oder teilweise unwirksam sein oder werden, bleibt die Gültigkeit der übrigen davon unberührt. Die unwirksame ist durch eine wirksame zu ersetzen, die dem wirtschaftlichen Gehalt und Zweck der unwirksamen Bestimmung am nächsten kommt. Gleiches gilt für eine Lücke. Soweit die Versteigerungsbedingungen in mehreren Sprachen vorliegen, ist stets die deutsche Fassung maßgebend. Die Versteigerer: Fritz Rudolf Künker, Dr. Andreas Kaiser, Arne Kirsch, Oliver Köpp

General Terms and Conditions for eLive Auctions § 1 Scope Our below eLive Auctions General Terms and Conditions apply to all legal transactions between Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG (auctioneer) and the customer in the course of participation in the eLive Auction. We expressly do not recognize any purchasing conditions that deviate from our General Terms and Conditions; this non-recognition also applies to cases where the buyer has stipulated a particular formality for non-recognition. If non-recognition is excluded, legal regulations shall take the place of deviating conditions. Deviating purchasing conditions shall only be recognized if we confirm in writing that they are to be applied. § 2 Conclusion of Contract eLive Auctions (auction) involves public auctions staged by auctioneers Fritz Rudolf Künker, Oliver Köpp, Arne Kirsch and Dr. Andreas Kaiser of Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG as defined in § 156 German Civil Code (BGB). The auction is conducted on the basis of payment of the purchase price in Euro currency and is staged on behalf of and on the account of the proprietors, in compliance with prevailing legal provisions arising from the German Auction Act (Federal Law Gazette (BGBl) Vol. I, 1976, 1346) and legal provisions of the German Civil Code (BGB) and Commercial Code (HGB) applicable to commercial agents. By submitting a bid, you agree to the auction terms and conditions; this also applies to written bids. Each bid by the customer as part of the eLive Auction constitutes a legallybinding offer to conclude a purchasing contract. This is in force until a higher bid (overbid) is submitted or the eLive Auction is concluded with the item left unsold. A contract is concluded only when the auctioneer accepts the winning bid. An auction sale occurs when the highest bid has been called out three times and obliges the bidder to take over and pay for the merchandise. The auctioneer is entitled to combine or separate lot numbers. Lot numbers will

not be called up out of sequence. Participation in the auction is only permitted to customers who have previously registered at eLive Auction. Both registration for our eLive Auctions and submission of a bid constitute acceptance of our General Terms and Conditions for the eLive Auctions. § 3 Catalogue, Preview The description of items in the catalogue is diligently prepared. However, it does not meet the threshold of legal liability or liability for material defects pursuant to §§ 434, 459 pp. of the German Civil Code (BGB). The stated condition of preservation is determined strictly according to the categories of preservation customary in German coin trading and is considered a personal evaluation. The auction catalogue can be downloaded as a pdf file. For a fee of €10 to defray expenses, we will gladly send out a print-out of the catalogue. § 4 Bid Increments The minimum bid increments for the bidding procedure are: Amount of the bids Minimum increment up to 50 EUR 2 EUR up to 200 EUR 5 EUR up to 500 EUR 10 EUR up to 1,000 EUR 25 EUR up to 2,000 EUR 50 EUR up to 5,000 EUR 100 EUR up to 10,000 EUR 250 EUR up to 20,000 EUR 500 EUR up to 50,000 EUR 1,000 EUR from 50,000 EUR 2,500 EUR When several identical bids are received, the bid received first is the winning bid.

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

§ 5 Cost of Shipping We charge you for shipping costs according to the following schedule: Shipping of books will be charged according to effort. Shipping of other goods will be charged as follows: Within Germany: €5.90 per parcel, free shipping for order value above €1,000. Shipping within the EU (incl. Switzerland and Norway): €9.90 per parcel, free shipping for order value above €2,500. Overseas shipping: €14.90 per parcel, free shipping for order value above €5,000. § 6 Payment The hammer price is the basis for the calculation of the buyer’s surcharge. For buyers from EEC countries the following applies: for consumers there is a standard surcharge of 17.5 % (relevant VAT already included). For traders according to the Value Added Tax Act the surcharge is 17.5 % (relevant VAT already included) for goods delivered by difference taxation; for goods delivered by standard taxation the surcharge is 12.5 % (plus the relevant VAT of currently 19 % on the entire amount of hammer price and surcharge). Export deliveries to EEC countries shall be free of VAT on existence of the respective legal requirements. For buyers from third party countries (no EEC country) the following applies: there is a standard surcharge of 12.5 %. As far those buyers export the good in person or by third persons, the relevant VAT will be charged but refunded by presentation of the legal export certificate. In case we export these goods the relevant VAT will not be charged. For gold coins, which are not subject to the legal VAT, the surcharge is 12.5 % of the hammer price. For books the following shall apply: the surcharge shall be 15 % (plus the relevant VAT of currently 7 % on the entire amount of hammer price and surcharge). Export deliveries to EEC countries shall be free of VAT on existence of the respective legal requirements. As far as buyers export books in person or by third persons to third party countries (no EEC country), the relevant VAT will be charged but refunded by presentation of the legal export certificate. In case we export the books the relevant VAT will not be charged. Foreign taxes and custom duties shall be carried by buyer. Upon knock down and receipt of the bill, payment is to be made to one of our bank accounts within 14 days. § 7 Terms of Delivery and Delivery Period For eLive Auctions delivery is only made upon payment in advance. After your bid has been accepted, we will send you an invoice to be paid within 14 days. Upon receipt of payment, we will ship the merchandise to you within 14 days. If the customer is a business entity, the risk of incidental demise as well as incidental deterioration of the merchandise is transferred at the time the merchandise is handed over, in the case of shipped items, when the merchandise is handed over to the shipping agent, carrier or person or institution charged with expediting the shipment. If the buyer is a consumer, for a mail-order purchase the risk of incidental demise or deterioration of the purchased item is only transferred when the

merchandise is handed over to the buyer. The merchandise shall be considered handed over if the consumer is in default of accepting the purchased merchandise. The transport risk we assume is covered by sufficient insurance policies. § 8 Liability for Defects Because the preview provides an opportunity to be assured of the auction merchandise’s condition of preservation, once merchandise has been sold at the auction, claims can only be considered in cases where traces of hooks and mountings or a plugged hole were overlooked in error. In lots with several pieces, the number of pieces stated only represent approximations, and erroneous attributions cannot be ruled out in individual cases. After the sale has been made, these lots are excluded from any claim. In case of possible differences of opinion or complaints, the auctioneer may appoint an expert of his choice (the costs shall be borne by the party losing the dispute). Any disputes can only be considered within 8 days after the auction or after receipt of the auctioned items. The authenticity of the pieces is guaranteed up to the amount of the purchase price. The stated prices are estimated prices which may turn out to be lower or higher. Should the articles delivered prove to have obvious defects, whereby this also includes shipping damage, the customer is obliged to file a claim for such defects without delay. If you are a consumer, the failure to give notice of defect, however, shall not have any consequences on your legal rights. § 9 Data Protection All personal data will be kept strictly confidential and will not be made available to third parties. § 10 Liability Disclaimer In all cases where the auctioneer and/or the consignor are obliged on the basis of contractual or legal grounds to pay for damages or reimbursements, these parties are only liable to the extent that they have been proven to have acted willfully and with gross negligence or to have caused injury to life, limb, or health. This shall not affect liability regardless of negligence or fault according to the Product Liability Act. Nor shall it affect liability for gross breach of contract; to this degree, liability is limited to damages that are foreseeable and typical for this type of contract, except for the cases referred to in the first two sentences. The aforementioned provisions are not coupled with a change in the burden of proof to the disadvantage of the customer. § 11 Applicable Law, Venue This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Germany. The UN Convention (CISG) on the International Sale of Goods shall not apply. Against traders (§ 14 BGB) and purchasers from abroad the exclusive jurisdiction shall be the Court of Osnabrück in relation to any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with the purchase. The German version of these conditions shall be the legally binding. The invalidity or inefficiency of any provision shall not effect the validity of all other provisions. In lieu of the invalid or inefficient provision or for the purpose of closing the gap, a reasonable provision shall apply. The Auctioneers: Fritz Rudolf Künker, Dr. Andreas Kaiser, Arne Kirsch, Oliver Köpp

TEL +49 (0)541 96 20 20, FAX +49 (0)541 96 20 222, SERVICE@KUENKER.DE, WWW.KUENKER.DE

Impressum Numismatische Bearbeitung

Kolbe & Fanning, Numismatic Booksellers, 141 W. Johnstown Road, Gahanna, Ohio 43230, USA

Fotos

Kolbe & Fanning, Numismatic Booksellers

Layout

danner pc gesteuerte systeme, Waiblingen

Druck

Meister Print & Media GmbH, Kassel, Februar 2014 Jeglicher Nachdruck, auch auszugsweise, bedarf der Genehmigung des Auktionshauses

Zahlungen aus dem Inland Kontoinhaber

Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG USt.-Id.-Nr. DE 256 270 181

Deutsche Bank Osnabrück

BLZ 265 700 90, Konto-Nummer 0 177 006

Commerzbank Osnabrück

BLZ 265 800 70, Konto-Nummer 780 520 200

Sparkasse Osnabrück

BLZ 265 501 05, Konto-Nummer 247 320

Volksbank eG Bad Laer-Borgloh-Hilter-Melle

BLZ 265 624 90, Konto-Nummer 1 200 222 400

Bankhaus Lampe KG, Bielefeld

BLZ 480 201 51, Konto-Nummer 174 076

Postbank Hannover

BLZ 250 100 30, Konto-Nummer 290 060 308

HypoVereinsbank München

BLZ 700 202 70, Konto-Nummer 2 417 952

WestLB Dortmund

BLZ 440 500 00, Konto-Nummer 1 128 842

PayPal

paypal@kuenker.de, Servicegebühr: 3,5 %

Zahlungen aus dem Ausland/Foreign Payments Account

Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG USt.-Id.-Nr. DE 256 270 181

Deutsche Bank Osnabrück

IBAN: DE11 2657 0090 0017 7006 00 Swift-Code: DEUTDE3B265

Sparkasse Osnabrück

IBAN: DE50 2655 0105 0000 2473 20 Swift-Code: NOLADE22XXX

Postbank Hannover

IBAN: DE73 2501 0030 0290 0603 08 Swift-Code: PBNKDEFF

Credit Suisse Commerzbank Hong Kong Credit Cards PayPal

IBAN: CH43 0483 5177 3509 0200 0 Swift-Code: CRESCHZZ80A IBAN: 146102290400 HKD Swift-Code: COBAHKHXXXX We do accept VISA and MasterCard, service charge: 4,5 % paypal@kuenker.de, service charge: 3,5 %