Tamoanchan

By: Kevin Velasco

Prison|Rehabilation Location: San Diego, CA Size: 250 inmates 1 Young Male Adults|18-29 Minimum to Low security State Funded|Vocational

“Every day is an opportunity for a new beginning.

What do you want to do differently starting today?

How can you commit to yourself in a new way?

Each new day is an opportunity to break old habits, Patterns and ideas that no longer serve you.

Every time you wake up you get to choose how to create your life.

That is the blessing of our free will Universe.

Start this week with a new mindset, and a new perspective.

Start this day with an open mind and an open heart.�

-Veronica Rae

Tamoanchan “The Mayan believed heaven to be a wonderful, magical place on Earth. They called this place Tamoanchan.

Heaven, Earth, and Underworld were connected by the ‘world tree’. The world tree grew at the locus of creation, all things flowing out from that spot into four directions.” -Tree of life

Tamoanchan A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate faculty of The Newschool of Architecture & Design In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture By Kevin Velasco June 2015 San Diego, CA

Copyright Page

© 2015 Kevin Velasco All Rights Reserved

Tamoanchan A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of The Newschool of Architecture & Design

By Kevin Velasco

Approved by: Undergraduate Chair:

Leonard Zegarski

Date

Studio Instructor: Jorge Ozorno Date

Thesis Abstract

This thesis seeks to explore, through design how architects can enhance the process of rehabilitation within inmates of the carceral system using environmental and behavioral psychology to improve the experience and behavior of both inmates and staff. This design is following the principals of philosophers that believe and insist that the built environment that the inmates are housed in plays a huge role in the rehabilitation of inmates and the reintroduction to the ‘real world’ after they are released. Designing a prison that believes losing ones freedom and being incarcerated is enough punishment and instead of further punishing the inmates, to rather try and aid them in their rehabilitation process. By designing spaces that are more open providing access to nature, and offer more direct sunlight. There has been scientifically proven research that shows how certain light, color, materials, texture, air quality and acoustics affect mental and physical well-being.

Dedication

This thesis is dedicated to the people who had no faith nor patience of perseverance and were blurred with the ideology of ‘what is time.’ Most importantly to the utmost supporting family in the world that never once doubted me and taught me to keep my head high, you know who you are. For that I say thank you, we did it.

Acknowledgements

I would like to appreciatively thank and acknowledge all my professors that have had the patience to bear with me and aid me in the progression of this degree.

For enlightening me and passing on their learned skills and knowledge. To my family that has been there to encourage me when doubt set in and goals became blurry. To my friends and future colleagues I have had the honor to learn and grow with, we made it!

Another milestone.

Table of Contents 1.

Introduction to Essay Problem Statement Critical Position Thesis Statement

2.

Research Methods Facts|Statistics Typologies Prison History

3.

Results / Design Prototype Case Studies Programming Contextual Analysis

4.

Conclusion Process Axonometric Floor Plans Elevations Isometric

Chapter 1

Critical Position

| ‘kridək(ə)l pə’ziSH(ə)n| Noun A particular way in which someones architectual perspective stands. Design philsophy and|or architecture philsophy

Critical Position

Critical Position

I believe that architecture is more than just open spaces, natural lighting, and affecting the psyche the pretty skyline or the nice building standing way as you transition from one space into another. Goals out of context. Architecture should take into account and desired destinations is a must. Set paths are not the human perception, cognition and behavior of the always followed and that is the beauty. You have to proposed occupants. Architecture should be designed to design and try to create spaces that will work both as interact with the set environment, yet still manage to be intended and unintended, but still remain functional. relatable to the surrounding context and language, as The future is unforeseen, but great architecture should opposed to being a big eyesore. A big part of my design be designed to transition through changes and become process involves the relationship between the natural a hybrid if need be. environment and the built environment as far as how the two can work together and aid each other. Creating

3

Sunlight

Openness

Sense of Space 4

Thesis Statement

This thesis seeks to explore, through design how architects can enhance the process of rehabilitation within inmates of the carceral system using environmental and behavioral psychology to improve the experience and behavior of both inmates and staff.

The biggest issue with the current carceral system is the lack in rehabilitation. We seek to punish others when they do bad, but that’s just it punish and not try and correct or solve the problem at hand. We expect to incarcerate “criminals” to punish them and teach them a lesson. Make them regret or feel remorse for there wrong doings without any help in trying to find out why or how to aid in correcting the problem. We all know how the criminal justice system works and sets a certain time for the inmates to be punished. That is fine and is not the issue here. What is the big issue though is that the inmates are kept captive under harsh conditions and secluded from the real world. Most forget how to interact with the “Real world” or usually don’t have anywhere to go after their sentence is completed. The current carceral system is failing. It has been proven and shown numerous times to be unsuccessful. 67% of inmates return to be incarcerated within 3

years of being released and 76% within 5 years of being released.

That is resulting in our carcerals to become overcrowded and over populated creating the current program to become a bigger failure as the program of certain spaces is taken away and forced to be used as housing. Thus, creating an unhygienic space that is uncared and not to mention resulting in unwatched inmates. The space they are provided is limited as is and by overcrowding it we are adding to the failure.

This design is following the principals of philosophers that believe and insist that the built environment that the inmates are housed in plays a huge role in the rehabilitation of inmates and the reintroduction to the ‘real world’ after they are released. Designing a prison that believes losing ones freedom and being incarcerated is enough punishment and instead of further punishing the inmates, to rather try and aid them in their rehabilitation process. By designing spaces that are more open providing access to nature, and offer more direct sunlight. There has been scientifically proven research that shows how certain light, color, materials, texture, air quality and acoustics affect mental and physical well being.

Thesis

|˙TH ē sis| Noun A statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved.

Thesis Statement

|Rehabilitate|verb|re·ha·bil·i·tate|,r - -’ bi-l -t -to teach (a criminal in prison) to live a normal and productive life

7

Prison

|˙prizən| Noun A building (or vessel) in which people are legally held as a punishment for crimes they have committed or while awaiting trial.

Problem Statement

Problem Statement

We have all been exposed to the criminal system of the United States, whether it has been through first hand experience or through some sort of media. Regardless, from day one we all know if you do something bad you go to jail. We widely see it being used in kid games. As far back as cops and robbers or even board games like monopoly. The ideology of doing something bad results in punishment has been brainwashed in our minds for years now.

Punishment is the main factor or leading force to prevent us from doing bad, which I am not protesting or saying it’s necessarily a bad thing. The problem is what happens in these jails or prisons.

We are very adamant and good at punishing our criminals, but we just leave it at that. We don’t pursue on trying to avoid the need to use these systems or forms of punishment. Since when did prisons become such a norm. If you break the law you will go to jail, if you do it again you will go to jail again, fear tactic. A fear tactic that may work for some, but its apparent it has not been working for everyone. Labeled a criminal and denned less worthy than the average person.

9

“If people are good only because they fear punishment, and hope for reward, then we are a sorry lot indeed.”

- Albert Einstein

60%

Ex-Cons unemployment One Year post-release

“Prison is an investment that ensures ex-convicts have no future.”

$22k Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice

Ex-Convict Median annual income

Hence, finding jobs become difficult and you begin to fall in the in-between crack of what is the ‘real world’. You are put into a system to fail. No way to overcome it because you are treated and seen as less. You can’t afford to get training to become a better individual or aid in helping the community when no one is willing to aid you. You are labeled a criminal, a danger to society and are too much of a risk to be around. Once you fall in this category what do you do? What do you do when you are unwanted by the world and can’t even get a job? You are not homeless looking for a handout, you are actually trying to make ends meet and contribute to society. Sadly it doesn’t happen like that, you are branded with stamp of being a criminal. Thus, resulting in the criminal to hate the world and feel left out. With no future, no where to turn, and no one willing to hire them they are forced into recidivism and fall back into our carceral systems, which are highly overcrowded and costing us money to support them.

10

Problem Statement 35%

African Americans

Whites

30%

How is this not just as bad as welfare? People constantly complain about people corrupting or taking advantage of welfare, well carceral system is just the same only difference is you don’t just offer them food, but also housing. We punish these inmates with no freedom, but when they are free they feel like they have no freedom.

So the choice is clear either you stay in the carceral system where you know you will be feed 3 times a day and have a roof over your head or trying to making it on your own known as a criminal.

Socially being in prison isn’t the best, but it’s better than nothing to some. The other option is be freed and set into the ‘real world’ where no one wants to hire you, no one trust you, and no one wants to give you a minute of there time once they find out you are a criminal. Choice seems pretty clear to me and is even more apparent in recidivism statistics.

Criminal 11

72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57

Inmate

72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57

25% 20%

17%

15% 10% 5 %

5%

0

35%

Callback (Criminal Record) 34%

30% 25% 20% 15%

14%

10% 5 % 0 Callback (Nor Record)

The Impact of a Criminal Record on Interview Callbacks Source: CBPP

Overcrowded

12

Chapter 2

Statistics

| stətistiks| Noun The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities.

Fact

|fakt| Noun Used in discussing the significance of something that is the case.

Facts Statistics

The Facts|Statistics

67% 15

of inmates that are released from prison are re-incarcerated within 3 years

Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice

The Facts|Statistics

76% Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice

of inmates that are released from prison are re-incarcerated within 5 years.

18

The Facts|Statistics

2 Million 19

inmates are locked up in the U.S. Prisons

Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice

21

The Facts|Statistics

7 Million Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice

people are in the U.S. carceral system (probation, parole, jail, and prison).

22

The Facts|Statistics

Adult Incarceration Rate per 100,000 >700 500 - 700 300 - 500 200 - 300 150 - 200 100 - 150 50 - 100 <50 23

Source: International Center for Prison Studies

Rates of Incarceration per 100,000 698

United States 492

Rwanda 446

Russia Brazil

301 151

Australia

139

Spain

119

China Canada

106

France

100

Austria

96

Germany

78

Denmark

61

Sweden

60

India

Source: International Center for Prison Studies

30

24

United States Prison Population 1925-2014 1,600,000

Number of People

1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000

25

2014

2010

2006

2002

1998

1994

1990

1986

1982

1978

1974

1970

1966

1962

1958

1954

1950

1946

1942

1938

1934

1930

1925

0

Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice

The Facts|Statistics

Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice

Adult Incarceration Rate per 100,000 <400 400 -500 600 -799 800 -999 1000 -1199 1200 -1399 >1400 26

Overcrowded Prison In the U.S. West

South

27

Wyoming Washington Utah Oregon New Mexico Nevada Montana Idaho Hawaii Colorado California Arizona Alaska West Virginia Virginia Texas Tennessee South Carolina Oklahoma North Carolina Mississippi Maryland Louisiana Kentucky Georgia Florida DC Delaware Arkansas Alabama 0

50 100 150 200 Under Capacity|Over Capacity

Midwest

Wisconsin South Dakota Ohio North Dakota Nebraska Missouri Michigan Kansas Iowa Indiana Illinois

Southeast

Vermont Rhode Island Pennsylvania New York New Jersey New Hampshire Massachusetts Maine Connecticut

250

0

50 100 150 200 Under Capacity|Over Capacity

250

The Facts|Statistics Top 10 States Overcrowded (Percentage of Design Capacity)

New Hampshire

133%

Colorado

136%

North Dakota

138%

Massachusetts

140%

Hawaii

140%

Nebraska Illinois Delaware Alabama California

California

Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice

141% 148% 158% 197% 204%

stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s overcrowded prisons violated the Eighth Amendmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ban on cruel and unusual punishment.

28

The Facts|Statistics -1

-2

-3 -6 -7

-5 -4 -8 -10

-9

-11 -12 -13

-14 -15

-16 -17 -18

-19

-21

-20 -22 -23

-24 -25

-26

-30 -31 -29

29

-27

Source: CDCR

-28

Overcrowded California Prison Facility

Source: CDCR

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

Pelican Bay State Prison High Desert State Prison California State Prison - Sacramento Mule Creek State Prison Pine Grove Youth Conservation Camp California State Prison - Solano San Quentin State Prison OH Close Youth Correctional Facility Sierra Conservation Center Deuel Vocational Institute Valley State Prison Correctional Training Facility Salinas Valley State Prison Pleasant Valley State Prison Avenal State Prison (SATF) State Prison, Corcoran Kern Valley State Prison Wasco State Prison California Men's Colony California Correctional Institute California City Correctional Facility California State Prison - Los Angeles Ventura Youth Correctioal Facility California Institute for Men California Institute for Women California Rehabilitation Center Richard J Donovan Correctional Facility California State Prison - Centinela Calipatria State Prison Chuckawalla Valley State Prison Ironwood State Prison

Capacity

Actual

Percent Over

2,380 2,324 2,400 1,700

2,977 3,442 2,080 2,865

(125.1%) (148.1%) (86.6%) (168.5%)

2,610 3,082

4,123 4,223

(158%) (137%)

3,736 1,681 1,536/444 3,312 2,452 2,308 2,920 3,424 2,448 3,190 3,838 2,783

4,687 2,222 1,353 5,636 3,331 3,644 4,973 5,724 3,871 4,971 5,122 4,484

(125.5%) (132.2%) (304.7%) (170.2%) (%) (157.9%) (170.3%) (167.2%) (158.1%) (166.6%) (133.5%) (161.1%)

2,300

3,741

(162.7%)

1,398 2,491 2,200 2,308 2,308 1,738 2,200

2,155 3,443 3,559 3,338 3,464 2,700 3,451

(154.1%) (165%) (161.8%) (146.8%) (150.1%) (155.4%) (156.9%)

30

The Facts|Statistics

If California emptied its prisons today and sent every inmate to a University in California, it would save almost $7 Billion a year.

California Incarceration cost Per inmate $ 31

48,214

has the highest population, the most students in college, and the most people in prison.

UCLA Tuition Per Academic Year

Re-incarceration Rate out of 10

34,062

7 in 10

$

Source: CDCR

Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice

Annual average Cost per inmate $14.6k $22.2k $29.8k $37.3k $44.9k $52.5k $60.1k 32

|Recidivism|noun|re·cid·i·vism|ri-’si-d -,vi-z m| -a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior; especially : relapse into criminal behavior

Typologies

|tīˈpäləjē| Noun A classification according to general type, especially in archaeology, psychology, or the social sciences.

Case study

| k ā s ‘stədē| Noun A process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.

Typologies

Typologies Panopticon Layout

Radial Layout

Rectangular Layout

35

36

“The current design of prison systems don’t work,” “Overly punitive approaches used on violent, angry criminals only provide a breeding ground for more anger and more violence.”

“Punishment should not be one-size-fits-all” -Joel Dvoskin, PhD

History

|‘hist(ə)r ē| Noun The study of past events, particularly in human affairs.

Prison History

2nd Century BC

Records found at many Egyptian and Mesopotamian archeological sites proved the existence of the earliest prisons in the world.

200 AD

At the beginning of the new millennium, one of the oldest prisons outside Roman Empire was found in the Israeli town of Tiberias.

600 BC

The remains of the oldest known prison can be traced to the Ancient Rome and their "Carcere Mamertino" (Mamertine Prison). Originally designed as a cistern for water, this ancient prison was used for more than half Millennia.

1166

English king Henry II commissioned the construction of first prison,together with new legal system that used concept of jury.

1776

The first prison is opened in the United States Walnut Street Jail.

1821

Walnut Street Jail becomes Esatern State Penitentary

1829

Solitary confinement Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia started enforcing solitary confinement in an effort to rehabilitate its prisoners.

1869

Women and men are seperated for

1902

39

1847

First state abolishes the death penalty Michigan becomes the first state to abolish the death penalty for all crimes except treason.

1873

First women's prison is opened "The first Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Prison opened its doors in Indiana.â&#x20AC;?

In this year, first reform school for delinquent boys is opened in Borstal, Kent.

1924

Death penalty cyanide The use of cyanise gas is intorduced as an execution method

1930

Just over 13,000 inmates high levels of executions reach the highest levels in American History average 167 per year

1934

A prison is opened for the worst criminals "Alcatraz in San Francisco Bay to house the nation's worst criminals."

1966

Low Support of capital punishment reaches all-time low. A poll shows only 42% Support

1983 Murder leads to 23 hour lock down "permanent lockdown". Inmates are in their cells 23 hours a day.

1989

Pelican Bay prison in California was built for the sole purpose of holding inmates in isolation, thus becoming first supermax facility in the USA.

2002

Administration of the American president George W. Bush formed the famous

1991 The Criminal Justice Act introduced the concept of "Probation Service" for all prisoners that served the sentence that was longer than 12 months.

2005 America held over 40 supermax facilities wh all enforced constant 23-hour periods of isolation.

2013

Total population 219,087 White: 130,414 (59.5 %) Black: 81,268 (37.1 %) Native American: 3,974 (1.8 %) Asian: 3,431 (1.6 %) Male: 204,463 (93.3 %) Female: 14,624 (6.7 %)

40

Prison|History Walnut Street Jail 1790, Philadelphia

Designed to be an area for inmates to reflect, but also designed to more hygienic and overall safer than previous prisons.

Designed by Pennsylvania’s most prominent architect, Robert Smith.

Walnut Street Jail was a typical U-shaped building, with the shear intent to hold large groups of prisoners in large rooms. However there was no thought or design for the inmates physical well-being, or any attempts to rehabilitation.

Program: Rehabilitate prisoners, “Restore them” - Male offenders worked in shops (making shoes, clothes, and nails) - Females offenders (spun cotton, laundry, and mended clothes) - Solitary offenders were kept in confinements and given the Holy Bible.

Later on in 1798 a school was opened that taught basic reading, writing, and math to inmates.

41

42

43

Prison|History Auburn Prison 1821, Auburn, New York

Auburn Prison was built in 1818 and was the second state prison to be introduced in New York. 1890. The â&#x20AC;&#x153;Auburn Systemâ&#x20AC;? was a correctional system in which prisoners were housed in solitary confinement in large rectangular buildings. There they were under silence that was enforced at all times. Solitary cells were five-tiered cell-blocks of two rows of single cells, placed back to back in the center of the building. Cells measured only 3.5 feet wide, 7.5 feet long, and 7 feet high. The doors faced the outer walls and were lined with grated windows that provided indirect light and air.

Program: Silence corporal punishment, and congregate group labor - Solitary cells - Male inmates worked in congregate shops by day.

- Females were relegated to an attic and excluded from regular work and exercise.

Auburn became the model for prisons throughout the United States.

44

Prison|History Eastern State Penitentiary 1829, Philadelphia

British-born architect John Haviland designed Eastern State Penitentiary. It included seven wings of individual cell blocks radiating from a central hub. The penitentiary opened in 1829, seven years before completion, but the institution proved to be a technological marvel at the time. It included central heating, flushable toilets, and shower baths in each private cell. At the time the penitentiary had amenities and luxuries that were not even seen at the White House.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Thrown into solitude... [the prisoner] reflects. Placed alone, in view of his crime, he learns to hate it; and if his soul be not yet surfeited with crime, and thus have lost all taste for any thing better, it is in solitude, where remorse will come to assail him.... Can there be a combination Program: more powerful for reformation than that of a prison which Pennsylvania System of isolation and penitence hands over the prisoner to all the trials of solitude, leads - Inmates brought in with blinded with hoods over there head him through reflection to remorse, through religion to -Never see the prison beyond private cell hope; makes him industrious by the burden of idleness..â&#x20AC;?

-Communication with guard was done through small feeding hole - Inmates lived in complete solitary confinements with only the Holy Bible.

Eventually, solitude wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t about redemption, but punishment.

45

-Alexis de Tocqueville

46

47

Prison|History Alcatraz 1933, San Francisco

Alcatraz was given to the U.S. Justice Department from the army. For the shear purpose of housing a criminal population too difficult or dangerous to be handled or associated by any other U.S. penitentiaries. There was to be approximately one guard for every three prisoners and each prisoner had his own cell. “The prison system’s prison,” a place where the worst of the worst inmates could be sent.

Program: The prison system’s prison - Isolated island from the mainland - Still viewable from the bay as a reminder - A place were the worst inmates would be sent - No successful escapes Operating cost were way too expensive. More than twice of any other prison at its time.

48

Chapter 3

Precedent

|‘presəd(ə)nt| Noun An earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.

Case study

| k ā s ‘stədē| Noun A process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.

Precedent Case Studies

Precedents Las Colinas Detention Santee, CA

This design is approaching more of a normative design.

It is taking into account how Architecture can have an impact on the human psyche and overall well-being. Rather than focusing on punishment this prison has more of a focus on Re-entry.

The key element is a normal treatment environment that feels more like a campus community. It provides lots of light color palettes, softer and more diverse materials as a pose to the typical hard cold concrete. Materials with the intention to provide better acoustics, and ample natural light with the ideology of it helping reduce some anger, stress, anxiety, sadness and depression. The Colinas is designed more so like a higher education campus. Rather than that of a central big secure building isolated from the world.

It was designed to allow abundant amounts of light and be open to outdoor spaces divided by the different programs.

51

â&#x20AC;&#x153;It would be beneficial to every man, woman and child in America, and harmful to no one, if we were to demolish every prison in this country and replace them with locked, safe and secure home-like residential communities what we might call an anti-prison. Such a community would be devoted to providing every form of therapy its residents needed (substance abuse treatment, psychotherapy, medical and dental care) and every form of education for which the residents were motivated and capable (from elementary school to college and graduate school).â&#x20AC;?

-Dr. James Gilligan, M.D.

Program

|’prō,gramiNG| Noun The thorough and systematic evaluation of the interrelated values, goals, facts, and needs of a client’s organization, facility users, and the surrounding community.

Programming

Programming “To encourage positive socialization, movement and the experience of seasonal change, multi-purpose spaces should be spatially organized in a campus-like setting consisting of several stand-alone buildings (rather than a large imposing institution), organized to maximize use of shared resources.”

-Dr. Marayca López

55

Admin

Healthcare

Visitation

Waiting Room 9% Waiting Room 22%

Offices 26% Clerical 8%

Out-take 22% In-take 22%

Dental Care 11%

Digital Visitation 25%

Exam Rooms 34%

Bathroom 5% Break-Room 23%

Nurses Station 6% Doctors Office 6% Pharmaceutical 6%

Public Waiting Area 25%

Contact Visitation 25% Non-contact Visitation 25%

Vocational

Food Services

Additional Spaces

Food Receiving 5%

Storage 5% Classroom 29%

Satellite Room 29%

Offices 12%

Workshops 30%

Employee Spaces 38%

Multipurpose Rooms 31%

Day Rooms 31%

General Housing Showers 11%

Open Spaces 7%

Inmate Commissary 2%

Kitchen 11%

Cafeteria 79%

Laundry 6%

Beds 74%

56

Program 120,000 100,000

80,000

Food Services Vocational

60,000

Misc 40,000

General Housing Visitation

20,000 Healthcare Admin

0

104,170 Sq Ft

57

Space/Activity Staff Admin Offices 6 Clerical 2 In-Take 5 Out-Take 5 Waiting room Inmate waiting area 1

Guards

No. Spaces Sq. Ft

2 1 2 2 1 1

6 1 1 1 1 1

100 200 500 500 500 500

Healthcare Exam Rooms 1 Nurses Station 1 Doctors Office 1 Pharmaceuticals 1 Break-Room 5 Bathroom 2 Dental Care 2 Inmate waiting room 6

600 200 500 500 500 500 2,800

2 1 1

6 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

120 120 120 120 500 100 120 200

Visitation Contact visitation 30 Non-contact visitation 30 Inmate waiting area 30 Public waiting area 50 Digital visitation 30

720 120 120 120 500 100 240 200 2,120

6 6 6 10 6

1 1 1 1 1

625 625 625 625 625

625 625 625 625 625 3,125

50 10 2 10 -

250 3 1 3 5

100 625 625 1250 500

25000 1875 625 3750 2500 33,750

General Housing Beds 250 Laundry 50 Inmate Commissary4 Showers 50 Open Spaces/Day rooms Misc Mechanical 2 Utilities 2 Solar Panels Sustainable Security room Security Guards 5:1 Ratio Vocational Offices Workshops Satellite room Classroom Lobby/Study Staff Lounge

6 50 50 50

15 50

2 10 10 10

-

1 1 3 50

6 3 3 3

-

Total

100 100

750 750 1,700

100 500 500 500

600 1500 1500 1500 5,100

Multipurpose rooms 50 Open/Day rooms Employee Spaces 50 Circulation 10% 250 5 2 2

Outdoor Spaces Courtyards Public Outside Paths 10% Private Prominade Staff Parking 50 Visitor Parking Receiving Docks Exterior Wall Exercise Indoor Outdoor Storage

Rethink prison designs and experiment with innovative spatial concepts embedded with theories from sociology, psychology, and even ecology. These better align the physical plant of correctional facilities with the concept of humane treatment and contemporary priorities of inmate rehabilitation and successful reintegration.

-Dr. Marayca Lรณpez

100 100

250 15

Additional Spaces

Food Services Cafetria Kitchen Storage Food Receiving

-

Programming

50 50 2 102

10 75

3 3 3

500 500 625

1500 1500 1875

50 1

1 1 1 1

3750 500 250 250

3750 500 250 250 4,750

4

1000

4000

250 250 600

25000 12500 1200

4,875

50

10 10 20

100 50 2 Perimeter 1 1 1

38,700 2000 5000 250

2000 5000 250 7,250

Subtotal: 104,170

58

â&#x20AC;&#x153;A correctional facility should be integrated in the community to which the prisoner will be released, and blend with the surrounding area. Although a barrier to the outside world is necessary to maintain security, the aesthetic and environmental aim of the facility should deinstitutionalize the building and integrate it into the broader community by presenting a normalized, modern, citizen-oriented appearance and an appropriate scale.â&#x20AC;?

-Dr. Marayca LĂłpez

Contextual Analysis

|käntekst (ə)əl ə’naləsəs| Noun Simply an analysis of a text that helps us to assess that text within the context of its historical and cultural setting, but also in terms of its textuality

Contextual Analysis

Contextual Analysis

61

Source: SanDiego.gov

Exclusively Residential

Residential Use

Commercial Use

Commercial/Residential Use

working-class Mexican-American waterfront community 1910 1920 1940 1960 1965 1970 Present-

community built up around maritime uses, such as tuna canning, military industries, and the Navy. influx of Mexican migrant workers.

Growth of the shipbuilding industry and Naval operations. Rezoning of the neighborhood to include heavy industrial and commercial uses, and the growth in the construction industry. construction of Interstate 5 and the San Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge. rezoning of Barrio Logan to industrial zones to simplify the land. neighborhood revolt that shaped the creation of Chicano Park

â&#x20AC;&#x153;City of Villagesâ&#x20AC;?

62

Barrio Logan Land Use Legend

Commercial Use

Exclusively Residential Residential/Commercial/Industrial Exclusively Industrial

Commercial/Residential Use

Parks and Open Space

Mercado District Residential Use

Light INdustry/Commercial Public/Quasi-Public

63

Source: SanDiego.gov

1

0

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25th

Lo

ga

C

Logan He i ghts

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32nd

28th

N

at io

mp

so

n

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Logan

National

Newton

26th

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40th

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Boston

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ai

n

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75

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Be

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PO OR RTOOF SA N D IE IE G O

38th

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BARRIO LOGAN PLANNED DISTRICT National rd

Ev

Cesar Chavez Park

15

Mem orial Academ y

na

32nd

n

31st

to

39th

n

ew

Mem orial Park Recreation Center

30th

Barrio Logan Stat ion

an s

r

ga

N

Si ca

bo

SOUTHEASTERN SAN DIEGO PLANNED DISTRICT 35th

on mp s

Lo

Si ca

ar

Logan Preschool

Sa

es

ar

EC

Chicano Park

C

H

Ocean View

29th

ha

Ev

ve

z

an s

Ocean View Burbank Elem entary School

36th

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ai Elem entary n School

30th

rd s

M ountai n Vi e w

C

5

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M

Tenth Avenue Marine Term inal

Im perial

es

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" !

le

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be e

to

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n

l

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32nd and o Cm m ercial Station

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li a

na

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ng

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at io

28th

N

Commercial

25th nd a Commer cial Station

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31st

n

rd

To Downtown

27th

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22th

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19th

12th and Im perial MTS Transit Center

17th

Tompkins Gilette

37th

0

H

R

ar

bo

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She lltown

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a

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Pacific Fleet Station

M

ai

n

IH-2-1

b

Subdistrict D • Uses permiteed in IH-2-1 Redevelopment Subdistrict • Residential (single/multi-family) • Commercial Uses • Commercial/Limited light industrial • Mixed use encouraged

W od en

Ve st a

N AVA L S TAT I O N

I-5 S

Subdistrict B • Residential (single/multi-family) • Uses permiteed in IH-2-1 except chrome plating Subdistrict C • Residential (single/multi-family)

al ber gi

41st

To City of Coronado

D

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San Diego Bay

Th

Subdistrict A • Residential (single/multi-family) • Uses permitted in IL-3-1 that existed prior to 7-5-1983

or

Si

va

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32nd

07th

06th

Contextual Analysis

Source: SanDiego.gov

64

Contextual Analysis

""

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1

")

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#+

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Industrial

Vocational

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Church

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Provide a normative (less institutional, more residential-like) and spatially stimulating living environment for occupants: The most effective types of living environments in aiding rehabilitation are those that are domestic in feel and enhance the quality of life.

-Dr. Marayca Lรณpez

66

tf

Chapter 4

Process

|’prä,ses| Noun A series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.

Normative

|‘nôrmədiv| Adjective Based on what is considered to be the usual or correct way of doing something

Process

Process Massing Sqft

Exercise - 7,250 sqft Open Spaces/Day Rooms Showers - 3,750 sqft Inmate Commissary - 625 Laundry - 1,875 sqft

Admin - 2800 sqft Healthcare - 2120 sqft Visitation - 3125 sqft General Housing - 33750 sqft Misc - 1700 sqft Vocational - 5100 sqft Food Services 4750 sqft

Classroom - 1,500 sqft Satellite Room - 1,500 sqft Workshops - 1,500 sqft Offices - 600 sqft

Food Receiving - 250 sqft Storage - 250 sqft

Vocational

Kitchen - 500 sqft

Out-Take - 500sqft

Inmate Waiting Room -200

In-Take - 500 sqft Clerical - 200 sqft Offices - 600 sqft

Dental Care - 240 sqft Bathroom - 100 sqft Break-Room - 500 sqft

Beds - 25,000 sqft

Pharmaceuticals - 120 sqft Doctors Office - 120 sqft Nurses Station - 120 sqft

Waiting Room - 500sqft

Admin Cafetria - 3,750 sqft

Digital Visitation - 625 sqft Public Waiting Area - 625 sqft Inmate Waiting Area - 625 sqft

Exam Rooms - 720 sqft

Non-Contact Visitation - 625 Contact Visitation - 625 sqft

69

General Housing

Healthcare

Food Services

Visitation

Basic Program laid out on site Observing and acknowledging all ends and odd corners formed from given site and program alone.

Core reformed Tree of Life Ying Yang Symbolic Rehabliatation

Expand program to scale with massing models of desired spaces

Program broken up Laid out from core

Program - 104,170

Campus style core Courtyard|Place of gatherings for both inmates and employees

70

GROUT SOLID AT DOWEL WITH 3:1 SAND/CEMENT GROUT

F.F. ELEV. +0'-0"

#5 DOWEL x 1'-4" LG. FIELD (6" EMBEDMENT FRICTION FITTED INTO FOUNDATION WALL).

SUPPLIED AND INSTALLED (2 PER PANEL)

CONT. BED OF 3:1 SAND/CEMENT GROUT UNDER FACE (TYP.)

F.F. ELEV. +0'-0"

3/4"Ø DAYTON SUPERIOR COIL THREADED ROD X 1'-0" LG.

1" SHIMS

TOP OF CONC. FOOTING SEE ELEVATIONS

1" SHIMS

7"

F.F. ELEV. +0'-0"

1" STACK OF KOROLATH SHIMS (2) PER PANEL

PANEL BRG. W/DOWELS

BASE CONNECTION

VERTICAL SLOTTED INSERT PLASTIC HORSEHOE SHIMS

PLASTIC SHIMS

MAY BE TUBE STEEL, CHANNEL OR WIDE FLANGE BEAM (MINIMUM DEPTH = 8")

3/4"Ø A36 ALL-THREAD ROD NOTE: BURR THREADS BEHIND NUTS AFTER CONNECTION IS COMPLETE

2"

VARIES STAP ANCHOR

ANGLE WITH STUDS AND REBAR CAST IN FLOOR

VERTICAL SLOTTED INSERT

PANEL CONNECTION

71

STACKED PANEL TIE-BACK

PANEL CONNECTION THREADED ROD TIE-BACK

Process

Concrete Details

72

Process Axonometric

2nd Floor

1st Floor

Site Plan 73

Second Skin

Roof

4th Floor

3rd Floor

74

Housing 1st- 4th Floors

Administration 1st floor Visitation 1st Floor

Employee Spaces 1st Floor

Underground Parking intake area

exercise 1st Floor

Process Floor Plans

Administration 2nd Floor

Visitation 2nd Floor

3rd Floor

Vocational 2nd Floor

2nd-4th Floors

Cafeteria

3rd Floor

Healthcare 2nd Floor

76

77

78

79

80

â&#x20AC;&#x153;A normative, intellectually stimulating environment features abundant sunlight, openness, unobstructed views, land scaping, access to nature, bar-less wood doors and large windows, human scale, movable furniture, normalized materials such as carpet, wood, tempered/shatter-proof glass, commercial grade acoustic lay-in tile low ceiling and acoustic wall panels, functional and home-like acoustic wall panels, functional and home-like furniture, and soft textures and colors:these express calmness, help to ward off monotony and motivate the senses. â&#x20AC;&#x153; -Dr. Marayca LĂłpez

81

82

References (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2009/08/improve-prison.aspx The Architecture of Incarceration: Can Design Affect the Prison System? (2013). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.archdaily. com/406790/the-architecture-of-incarceration-can-design-affect-the-prison-system Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.bjs.gov/ Welcome to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR). (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www. cdcr.ca.gov/ Planning Department. (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from https://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/barriologan HMC Architects Las Colinas Detention and Reentry Facility. (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://hmcarchitects.com/solutions/ civic/las-colinas-detention-and-reentry-facility/ James Krueger and John A. MacAllister. (n.d.). How To Design A Prison That Actually Comforts And Rehabilitates Inmates. Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.fastcoexist.com/3044758/how-to-design-a-prison-that-actually-comforts-and-rehabilitates-inmates Recidivism. (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.nij.gov/topics/corrections/recidivism/pages/welcome.aspx Punishment Fails. Rehabilitation Works. (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/12/18/ prison-could-be-productive/punishment-fails-rehabilitation-works How to build for success: Prison design and infrastructure as a tool for rehabilitation - Penal Reform International. (n.d.). Retrieved June 83

14, 2016, from http://www.penalreform.org/blog/build-success-prison-design-infrastructure-tool-rehabilitation/ Z. (2014). Overcrowded: The Messy Politics of California’s Prison Crisis. Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://reason.com/ reasontv/2014/10/24/overcrowded-the-messy-politics-of-califo Las Colinas Detention and Reentry Facility. (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.sdsheriff.net/detentionfacilities/lcdrf.html Chapter Four: Crime and Social Control. (2012). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from https://sociallyproblematic.wordpress.com/weeklyreading-reflections-3/chapter-four-crime-and-social-control/ Alchemy of Love Mindfulness Training. (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://artof4elements.com/entry/43/tree-of-life Under the Tree of Life |. (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.underthetreeoflife.com/ (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2016, from http://www.ca.gov/ The Resolve to Stop the Violence Project: transforming an in-house culture of violence through a jail-based programme Gilligan, James; Lee, Bandy. The Resolve to Stop the Violence Project: transforming an in-house culture of violence through a jail-based programme. Journal of public health (Oxford, England). 2005 Apr 8;27(2):149-155 (103948) Beyond the prison paradigm: from provoking violence to preventing it by creating “anti-prisons” (residential colleges and therapeutic communities) Gilligan, James; Lee, Bandy. Beyond the prison paradigm: from provoking violence to preventing it by creating “anti-prisons” (residential colleges and therapeutic communities). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2004 Dec ;1036:300-324 (103946) 84