Kentucky Historical Society - Chronicle - Summer '11

SUMMER 2011

Research & Interpretation PROMOTING HISTORIC AL UND E RSTA NDING

BOONE DAY 2011

www.history.ky.gov

KY GOVERNOR PANEL DISCUSSION & EXHIBITION OPENING DO YOU LOVE KY HISTORY? YOUNG KY HISTORIANS GATHER FOR FUN AND COMPETITION

Make Your Mark on Kentucky History

$100 Commemorative Brick

$200 Leaf

$500 Stone

$1,000 Acorn

The Clay B. Snedegar family and friends at the Boone Day 2011 brick dedication.

Support the

Honor a loved one, celebrate a special occasion or remember a personal milestone with a commemorative brick installed at the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History or a personalized leaf, acorn or stone in the Martin F. Schmidt Research Library’s Family Tree.

Your support ensures a lasting legacy for history education, research and collections through the KHS Foundation Annual Fund.

Visit www.history.ky.gov and click Give/Join, or donate by mail at:

Gifts designated for commemorative items are tax-deductible to the extent allowed under IRS regulations.

P.O. Box 6856 Frankfort, KY 40602

Contents SUMMER 2011

F E AT U R E A RT I C L E S

8

Do You Love Kentucky History?

YO U N G K Y H I S TO R I A N S G AT H E R F O R C O M P E T I T I O N A N D F U N

18

Boone Day 2011

21

Research & Interpretation

pa n e l d i s c u s s i o n w i t h k y g ov e r n o r s & e x h i b i t i o n o p e n i n g

P R O M OT I N G H I S TO R I C A L U N D E R S TA N D I N G

14

P O L I T I C S , M U R D E R & M Y S T E RY

16

TOYOTA K E N T U C K Y H A L L O F G OV E R N O R S A RT I FAC T S

G O E B E L’ S A S S A S S I N N E V E R F O U N D

C O L L E C T I O N S F R O M K E N T U C K Y G OV E R N O R S

26

KENTUCKY AND THE E QUA L R I G H T S A M M E N D M E N T A N I N T E RV I E W W I T H K H S F E L L OW N A N C Y B A K E R

3 4

L E T T E R F R O M T H E E X E C U T I V E D I R E C TO R IN THE WORKS...

29

F O L L OW I N G U P. . .

31

K H S C A L E N DA R O F E V E N T S

Cover: Inside the “Toyota Kentucky Hall of Governors” exhibition. In foreground, Gov. James Turner Morehead, 1834-1836. To the right, Charles Wickliffe, 1839-1840. www.history.ky.gov

1

SUMMER 2011

Executive Director Kentucky Historical Society Kent Whitworth Executive Director Kentucky Historical Society Foundation Dana Bauer Cox Director of Communications Lisa Summers Cleveland Editor Lisa Summers Cleveland Assistant Editor Chelsea Compton Contributors Laura Coleman, Dana Bauer Cox, Sara Elliott, Darrell Meadows, Don Rightmyer, Stuart Sanders, Elizabeth J. Van Allen Design Studio Director Scott Alvey Creative Director Charley Pallos Design Kelli Thompson Photography Creative Services James Johnson Charley Pallos

2011 KHS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE BOARD Chancellor, Gov. Steven L. Beshear President, Robert E. Rich, Covington First Vice President, Sheila Mason Burton, Frankfort Second Vice President, J. McCauley Brown, Louisville Third Vice President, John Kleber, Ph.D., Louisville Bill Bartleman, Paducah; William Fred Brashear II, Hyden; Dawn Browning, Maysville; Major Gen. (Ret.) Verna D. Fairchild, Frankfort; Marion Forcht, Corbin; Mike Hammons, Park Hills; Derrick Hord, Lexington; Ruth Ann Korzenborn, Edgewood; David Lee, Bowling Green; Karen McDaniel, Frankfort; Brian Mefford, Bowling Green; Mike Mullins, Hindman; Patti Mullins, Corbin; Nancy O’Malley, Paris; Wayne Onkst, London; Lowell Reese, Frankfort; Renee Shaw, Lexington; Nancy Smith, Paris; Sue Speed, Louisville; Louis Stout, Lexington 2011 KHS FOUNDATION BOARD President, John R. Hall, Lexington First Vice-President, Ann Rosenstein Giles, Lexington Second Vice-President, Henry C. T. Richmond III, Lexington Secretary, Kent Whitworth, Frankfort Treasurer, Buckner Woodford IV, Paris Bruce Cotton, Lexington; James T. Crain Jr., Louisville; Dennis Dorton, Paintsville; Robert M. “Mike” Duncan, Inez; Thomas P. Dupree, Sr., Lexington; Jo M. Ferguson, Louisville; John S. Greenbaum, Louisville; Frank Hamilton, Georgetown; Jamie Hargrove, Louisville; Raymond R. Hornback, Ed.D., Lexington; Elizabeth Lloyd Jones, Midway; Nancy Lampton, Louisville; Hon. Crit Luallen, Frankfort; Anita Madden, Lexington; Margaret Patterson, Frankfort; Warren W. Rosenthal, Lexington; James Shepherd, Georgetown; Gerald L. Smith, Ph.D., Lexington; Charles Stewart, Frankfort; John P. Stewart II, M.D., Frankfort; William Sturgill, Lexington; Bosworth M. Todd, Lexington J. David Smith, Lexington, pro bono counsel

Circulation Manager Leslie Miller

Summer 2011. The Chronicle is published by the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS), Frankfort, Ky. Printing fees are covered by the KHS Foundation. The Chronicle is a periodical for KHS members and friends that builds awareness of the mission of the Society as it engages people in the exploration of the diverse heritage of the commonwealth. The Chronicle reports how the comprehensive and innovative services, interpretive programs and stewardship of the Society are providing connections to the past, perspective on the present and inspiration for the future. If you are interested in making a bequest to the Society’s work, use our full legal address: Kentucky Historical Society Foundation, 100 West Broadway, Frankfort, KY 40601. Send all address changes to: The Chronicle, Kentucky Historical Society, 100 West Broadway, Frankfort, KY 40601. Website: www.history.ky.gov.

E-mail: KHSmembership@ky.gov.

The Kentucky Historical Society is an agency of the Tourism, Arts and Heritage Cabinet.

DIRECTOR’SLETTER

KHS I S on a roll !

I also encourage you to bring your out-of-town guests to Frankfort this summer to visit the KHS history campus. In addition to seeing the renovated Hall of Governors exhibition, you can experience a new program at the Old State Capitol designed to put you in the midst of the secession debates that took place there during the days leading up to the Civil War. While you are here, you will likely see children exploring KHS collections through a variety of hands-on activities during five weeks of Camp Artyfact. You may also encounter a KHS Fellow researching in our collections, thanks to the generosity of the KHS Foundation. The KHS research fellows program is included in a feature story about the exciting developments within our research and interpretation team.

As this Summer issue of the Chronicle was being compiled, staff at the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) were busy putting the final touches on the new Toyota Kentucky Hall of Governors exhibition, completing wrap-up work for spring school tours and welcoming six new graduate interns for the summer. They were also working with Bluegrass Heritage Museum volunteers and Clark County middle and high school students to help KHS identify images from the William B. Ogden Studio negatives collection.

Please visit the KHS website (www.history.ky.gov) and click on “search our collections” at the top of the home page. You will see first hand the progress being made with historic images from the Ogden collection as well as other items. Both the KHS Digital Collections and the KHS Objects Catalog online databases are growing almost by the day as we continue to process collections and make them more accessible online, onsite and on-loan.

We are also pleased to welcome a new colleague to the KHS staff. Phyllis Gilman comes to the historical society with nearly 30 years combined experience in volunteer and adult training with Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) of the River Region, Girl Scouts of Kentuckiana and Goodwill Industries. KHS volunteers contribute to virtually every facet of our mission and we would be delighted to have you join the ranks!

If it seems like KHS is on a roll – that’s because we are!

Further evidence of this is that KHS and the KHS Foundation were recently awarded more than $225,000 in three competitive federal grants. These new funds will enable us to improve access to our collections and to provide more indepth teacher training.

Thank you for partnering with KHS to provide connections to the past, perspective on the present and inspiration for the future!

Executive Director

www.history.ky.gov

3

IN THE WORKS...

K H S R e c e i v e s G r a n t s to H e l p F u e l W o rk i n E d u c at i o n a n d C o l l e c t i o n s The Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) recently received three grants that will help the organization achieve its goals in the areas of education and collection management.

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) awarded the KHS Foundation a $100,000 grant to fund the Kentucky Oral History Commission’s (KOHC) project, “Pass the Word: The Guide to Oral History in Kentucky.”

The Humanities Collections and Reference Resources grant will result in a comprehensive online reference tool which will serve as a gateway for oral history research in the commonwealth. The last extensive survey of statewide oral histories was completed in 1991. This project will update that survey and provide full online access. The project started July 1, with an expected completion date of 2013. As a result of the funding, KHS will hire one full-time archivist and two summer interns to complete the project.

Through its Picturing America initiative, the NEH aims to tell the story of America through its art, and to inspire students across the country to gain a deeper appreciation of American history and character.

The July conference was at capacity, with 64 public, private and home school teachers applying for 50 available spots. Once admitted, conference attendees joined scholars from across the nation as they led sessions on works of art found in the NEH Picturing America portfolio. Participants also attended handson workshops focusing on instructional strategies for using the portfolio, museum and gallery talks and site-specific field studies.

The January follow-up session will provide an opportunity for teachers to share the ways in which they utilized images from the Picturing America portfolio in the classroom, and the ways they applied material from the July conference.

The third grant obtained by KHS was from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) and will provide funding to inventory and catalog collections that make up the Kentucky Folklife Program archives.

“Kentucky has been a leader in the field of oral history,” said Sarah Milligan, KOHC administrator. “This grant enables the KOHC to continue that unique and forward-thinking tradition.”

What began in 1976 as a government-established oral history commission is now the KOHC, which is administered by KHS. Since its inception, the KOHC has provided for the collection of more than 25,000 oral history interviews which were recorded by participants in university programs and independent researchers statewide.

A second grant, also from the NEH, is allowing KHS to host a school collaboration conference called “Picturing America: Faces, Spaces and Places,” on July 6-7, with a follow-up session planned for Saturday, Jan. 28, 2012.

4

This $48,275 grant will help KHS document the efforts of folklorists and others in Kentucky to preserve evidence of the commonwealth’s diverse cultural traditions. The grant allows KHS to hire a project archivist whose main focus will be to compile inventories of 36 physical collections and 370 electronic collections that make up the Folklife Program’s work. The archives document a wide selection of folkliferelated traditions, including concerts, exhibits and narrative stages.

IN THE WORKS...

K E N T U C K Y H I S TO RY Awar d s RECOGNIZING EXCELLENCE IN THE FIELD The Kentucky History Awards recognize exceptional achievements in the field of history by individuals, business and civic leaders, communities, museums and history organizations throughout the commonwealth.

Awards fall into two categories—service awards and general awards.

Service awards include: • The Thomas D. Clark Award of Excellence, presented to a local historical organization for outstanding achievement throughout the year.

• The Award of Distinction, presented to an unpaid individual who, as a volunteer, board member or member of an organization, has made a significant contribution to state and local history during his or her career at one or more museums, historical societies, genealogical societies or other history-related organizations.

• The Frank R. Levstik Award for Professional Service, presented to a current paid staff member of a historical society, genealogical society or other history-related organization within the state, or to a staff member who has retired in the last two years.

• The Lifetime Dedication to Kentucky History Award, presented to an individual who has demonstrated a consistent commitment to Kentucky history through his or her work, writings, activities or support of historical organizations in Kentucky.

• The Brig. Gen. William R. Buster Award, presented to an individual who has made sustained significant contributions to Kentucky’s military history through his or her work, activities or support of historical organizations within the commonwealth.

• Volunteer Organization or Group of the Year, which honors an organization that is managed exclusively by volunteers, or a volunteer group that has made substantial contribution of time and/or talents that benefits the state or local history organization or project and/or has helped to make a historical organization a more effective service-provider in the community.

General awards recognize exemplary historical projects in the areas of education through exhibitions; multimedia, including audio/visual and oral history projects; preservation; public or school programming; and special projects. They also recognize publications in the form of books, pamphlets and other printed materials, and websites or online indexes.

KHS encourages organizations, individuals and communities to nominate deserving projects and individuals whose efforts have promoted the preservation, awareness and appreciation of state and local history. Nominations must pertain to some aspect of Kentucky state or local history, or must have been a project sponsored by or initiated to benefit a museum, historical society, genealogical society or other history-related organization in Kentucky. Projects must have been initiated or completed between Jan. 1, 2010 and Dec. 31, 2010.

To find out more or to download a nomination packet, visit www.history.ky.gov/historyawards. www.history.ky.gov

5

IN THE WORKS...

WA N T TO S H A R E YO U R TA L E N T S ?

C O N S I D E R VO L U N T E E R I N G AT K H S

K E N T U C K Y wa r o f 1 8 1 2 c o m m i s s i o n a p p r ov e s l o g o

Volunteers are an integral part of every non-profit organization, and the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) is no exception.

KHS is fortunate to have a new volunteer administrator, Phyllis Gilman, on staff to organize the plethora of organizationwide volunteer needs, which range from education to library, development to exhibitions and everything in between. If you or someone you know is interested in history, KHS is now looking to expand its volunteer program.Volunteers know and experience first-hand what goes on behind the scenes at KHS. Currently, there are several different volunteer opportunities available, with openings in the library, Camp ArtyFact, the administrative office, the Folklife department, special events, archives, development and exhibitions. Volunteers can also serve as oral history interviewers or docents at the Old State Capitol.

All volunteers will receive training, the length of which depends on the volunteer position. For more information or to apply, contact Phyllis.Gilman@ky.gov or visit the volunteer office at the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History.

NTUCKY E K 1812

1815

WAR OF 1812

BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION

administered by the Kentucky Historical Society

The Kentucky War of 1812 Bicentennial Commission recently approved a logo that will help promote Kentucky’s role in the conflict that is commonly called “America’s Second Revolution.”

John Trowbridge, command historian with the Kentucky National Guard and the vice-chairman of the Kentucky War of 1812 Bicentennial Commission, and Jason LeMay, also with the Kentucky National Guard, submitted an initial draft of the logo, which was then refined by the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) design studio staff. Three versions were submitted to the commission, which then selected the logo prior to its April meeting.

The flag depicted in the logo is based on an 1812 Kentucky battle flag, which was captured by the British and hung alongside other battle flags at Chelsea Hospital in England.

Administered by KHS, the War of 1812 Bicentennial Commission is commemorating the conflict that lasted from 1812-1815.

Phyllis Gilman, KHS volunteer administrator, speaking with KHS volunteers and staff.

6

IN THE WORKS...

K H S F o u n dat i o n a p p r ov e s 2011-2012 budget to o p e n i n s e p t E M b e r A new traveling exhibition is now being developed to celebrate Kentucky master traditional artists and their apprentices.

During its May meeting, the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) Foundation approved a $488,000 budget for the upcoming fiscal year. The funds will be used to support the mission of KHS. “This budget aims to support the high aspirations of the Kentucky Historical Society and its strategic priorities,” said Dana Bauer Cox, executive director of the KHS Foundation.

“The items funded will help the Society achieve its statewide mission, with an emphasis on teacher and student outreach and collections needs.”

Among the items earmarked for funding are the 50th anniversary of the Kentucky Junior Historical Society, educational offerings, technology support for the Martin F. Schmidt Research Library and support for museum collections, which will allow KHS to fully catalog and make accessible the Churchill Weavers collection. Another high priority for funding includes the KHS internship program, which provides both mentorship and practical experience for college students and program assisstance for KHS.

The Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) will collaborate with the Kentucky Arts Council to present “The Makings of a Master: Kentucky Folk Art Apprenticeships,” opening this September in the Keeneland Gallery of the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History.

Since 1992, the Kentucky Arts Council has supported masters and apprentices of community-based art forms with the Folk and Traditional Arts Apprenticeship program. In the exhibition, visitors will experience the work of musicians, dancers, blacksmiths, weavers, marble makers, chair makers, quilters, storytellers and more. Featured artists are considered masters within their communities, regions, ethnic groups and occupational and recreational groups.

“The Makings of a Master” will tour Kentucky until the end of 2014.

“KHS relies heavily upon the KHS Foundation to provide the margin of excellence for the Society,” said Kent Whitworth, executive director of KHS. “Ours is a public-private partnership that serves the citizens of Kentucky.”

The KHS Foundation relies upon the generosity of individuals, corporations and foundations for all of its funding. While a majority of the budget is provided through annual fund contributions, a portion of the budget is supported through the Thomas D. Clark Endowment. If you would like to help support KHS, please contact Dana Bauer Cox at 502-564-1792, ext. 4449 or Dana.Cox@ky.gov.

Apprentice Barbara Kuhns (left) with master fiddler J.P. Fraley (right) of Carter County.

www.history.ky.gov

7

Do You Love Kentucky History?

YOUNG KY HISTORIANS GATHER FOR COMPETITION AND FUN

8

i

f attendance at the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) 2011 Kentucky Junior Historical Society Conference is an indicator, then the future of the history profession is promising. “We’ve got a full house here!” Jody Blankenship, KHS director of education, announced to a standing-room only crowd at the Grand Theatre in Frankfort in April. The audience was filled with teachers and Kentucky Junior Historical Society (KJHS) sponsors; KJHS participants; and participants’ parents and family members.

{

We learn by looking at the past. We learn from other people and their successes and failures.

}

M ARY N OBLE K ENT U C K Y S U P RE M E C OU RT JU STICE

KJHS, an educational program of KHS, began in 1961 and encourages Kentucky youth to appreciate and understand the people, places and events that have given Kentucky its own unique place in history. Since its inception, KJHS has operated through a network of chapters, which are usually organized at the school level and led by a teacher. In recent years, the homeschool community has also become more active in KJHS. KJHS is open to any Kentucky student in grades K-12.

Although most members join as part of a chapter, students may also join KJHS as individuals if there is no chapter in their area. KJHS chapters are given flexibility to pursue projects and activities that interest their members, and the KJHS state office offers several events throughout the year, including fall regional rallies, spring academic contests, and the KJHS Conference.

The KJHS Conference which took place on April 29 and 30 included a quick recall tournament—the History Bowl— tours and activities, the KJHS student board election, how-to workshops, Kentucky’s State History Day contest and a dance.

The academic contest part of KJHS, Kentucky History Day, is part of the National History Day program, an annual, year-long program designed to promote teaching and learning history in America’s schools. Students in grades 4-12 may participate.

Throughout the school year, students conduct research using primary and secondary sources to prepare projects based on an annual theme. In their projects, they analyze the historical significance of their topics and present conclusions in dramatic performances, imaginative exhibits, multimedia documentaries, websites and research papers.

This year’s KJHS theme was “Debate and Diplomacy in History: Successes, Failures and Consequences.”

“A recent national study confirmed that students who participate in National History Day out-perform their nonparticipating peers in all subjects, not just history,” said Tim Talbott, KHS education project assistant and KHD coordinator.

Kentucky students traveled to Washington D.C. to compete in the National History Day contest. The group is pictured with U.S. Sen. Mitch McConnell.

www.history.ky.gov

9

“These students are better prepared for college, are better writers and researchers, are more confident in their abilities and out-perform their peers on standardized testing in all subject areas. Also, by researching the past, they become enthusiastic about history and its relevance to their present lives.”

Will Walker, who won the senior performances category of Kentucky History Day, agrees. “My participation in KHD has helped me for college by improving my overall confidence in an interview situation and strengthening my research and writing skills,” Walker said. “All of this will help me with the application process and also my pursuit of higher education.”

After a long day of competitions, more than 500 family members, sponsors and participants made the short walk from the Center for Kentucky History past the Old State Capitol to the bricked streets of the St. Clair Mall area in Frankfort. Their final destination, the Grand Theatre, served as the venue for the awards ceremony.

After greeting the audience, Blankenship welcomed Kentucky Supreme Court Justice Mary Noble, the day’s keynote speaker, to the stage.

Noble, a native of Jackson, Ky., was elected to the Kentucky Supreme Court in 2006 and re-elected in 2008 in an election in which she ran unopposed. Noble was named deputy chief justice in 2010. She was the first female chief judge of Fayette Circuit Court; the third woman on the Kentucky Supreme Court; and the first woman to serve as deputy chief justice of the court.

In her address, Noble stressed that there are many reasons to study history.

“What’s history about?” she asked. “It’s about people—how people live together in societies. We learn by looking at the past.

We learn from other people and their successes and failures.”

But the best reason to study history, Noble said, is because it’s fun—and because it provides a way for young people to learn how to be great leaders.

Forty-three awards were presented during the ceremony.

Those junior and senior division Kentucky History Day winners had the opportunity to travel to College Park, Md., recently to represent Kentucky by competing in the National History Day contest.

“The experience of going to the national competition in College Park is wonderful for these young people,” said Talbott. “Not only do they get to compete against their peers

10

from all across the country, they also get the opportunity to go to Washington, D.C. to visit with their legislators and see American icons first-hand.”

To find out more about KJHS, visit www.history.ky.gov/kjhs or “like” KJHS on Facebook at www.facebook.com/kyjhs. 3

2nd place (tie): Zach Brown, Shelby Saddlebreds, Shelby County 3rd place: Adrienne Holtzworth, Shelby Saddlebreds, Shelby County

H i s t o r y Te s t Division I 1st place: Cody McElfresh, Logan County History Hounds 2nd place: Justin Tuttle, Cartmell Elementary, Carroll County 3rd place: Trent McGuire, Cartmell Elementary, Carroll County Division II 1st place: Jake Jones, Harrison County Middle School 2nd place: Jeron Russell, Shelby Saddlebreds, Shelby County 3rd place: Will Marsh, Harrison County Middle School Division III 1st place: Ethan Russell, Shelby Saddlebreds, Shelby County 2nd place: Logan Johnson, Shelby Saddlebreds, Shelby County 3rd place: Zach Brown, Shelby Saddlebreds, Shelby County

2 0 11 K entucky J unior Historical S ociety Award Winners History Bowl Champions Eastside Elementary School, Harrison County Bondurant Middle School, Franklin County

K J H S C h a p t e r C h a l l e n g e Aw a rd Jefferson County Homeschool Chapter

K J H S M e m b e r s h i p Aw a rd Green County Intermediate

I m p ro m p t u C o m p o s i t i o n

K J H S O u t s t a n d i n g B o a rd M e m b e r Aw a rd

Division I 1st place: Autumn Bishop, Green County Intermediate 2nd place: Kelson Griffith, Green County Intermediate 3rd place: Katilyn Riddle, Green County Intermediate

K J H S C h a p t e r o f t h e Ye a r

Division II 1st place: Jeron Russell, Shelby Saddlebreds, Shelby County 2nd place: Emma Searinen, Shelby Saddlebreds, Shelby County 3rd place: Seth Longworth, Phillip A. Sharp Middle School, Pendleton County Division III 1st place: Logan Johnson, Shelby Saddlebreds, Shelby County 2nd place: Ethan Russell, Shelby Saddlebreds, Shelby County

Shelley Zhou, DuPont Manual High School, Jefferson County

Cartmell Elementary School, Carroll County

K J H S R o o k i e C l u b o f t h e Ye a r Phillip A. Sharp Middle School, Pendleton County

K J H S A c h i eve m e n t Aw a rd J. Kevin Combs, II, Jefferson County Homeschool Chapter

K J H S S p o n s o r o f t h e Ye a r Dae Lynn Combs, Jefferson County Homeschool Chapter

www.history.ky.gov

11

I n d i v i d u a l We b s i t e 1st place: Daniel Ma, “Treaty of Versailles: Peace Treaty or War Instigator?” Winburn Middle School, Fayette County 2nd place: Anne Marie Coriale, “Japan, USA, and the Atomic Bomb: Tactic or Tragic,” Winburn Middle School, Fayette County

G ro u p We b s i t e

2 0 1 1 K entucky H istory Day S tate Awards Yo u t h D i v i s i o n ( 4 t h a n d 5 t h G ra d e s ) Individual Exhibit 1st place: Ryan Brock, “Columbus of the Woods,” River Ridge Elementary, Kenton County 2nd place: Alexis Bitter, “How Schools Have Changed,” River Ridge Elementary, Kenton County

G ro u p E x h i b i t 1st place: Elizabeth Decker, Britney Coe, Megan Thurman, Haley Leach and Kylie Milan, “The Underground Railroad in Kentucky,” Summer Shade Elementary, Metcalfe County 2nd place: Alex Howard, Brooklyn Collins, “A New Face for Kentucky Basketball,” Harlan County Christian School

Individual Documentary 1st place: Barkley Firkins, “The Kentucky Headhunters,” Summer Shade Elementary, Metcalfe County

G ro u p D o c u m e n t a r y 1st place: Logan Beckler and Will Burkhart, “Fitchburg Furnace,” Estill Springs Elementary, Estill County 2nd place: Logan Napier and Jay Thacker, “Union and Confederate Generals at the Battle of Richmond,” Estill Springs Elementary, Estill County

Ju n i o r D i v i s i o n ( 6 t h - 8 t h g ra d e ) Pa p e r 1st place: Eric Lowry, “Ping Pong Diplomacy: Successes and Failures,” Winburn Middle School, Fayette County 2nd place: Jeron Russell, “The Fight in the Black Patch: Passion vs. Power,” Shelby East Middle School, Shelby County

12

1st place: Kaylyn Torkelson, Jasa Harris, “A fearless Indomitable Womanhood, A Fearless Indomitable Race,” Winburn Middle School, Fayette County 2nd place: Mandolyn Wells, Taylor McGuire, Karissa Alaca, “Anne Franke: The Inside Story,” Menifee County Middle School

Individual Exhibit 1st place: Julia Wilson, “Giving Women a Voice,” Winburn Middle School, Fayette County 2nd place: J. Kevin Combs, II, “Eve of Destruction: Diplomacy and the Cuban Missile Crisis,” Combs Homeschool, Jefferson County

G ro u p E x h i b i t 1st place: Janet Guo, Ji-Hae Kim, Jasmine Liu, Saikeerthi Naidu and Samantha McGehee, “Less is more, or is it?”

Winburn Middle School, Fayette County 2nd place: Jonathan Tungate, Karl Werner, R. G. Humphreys and Garrett Uebelhor, “Bottoms Up,” Winburn Middle School, Fayette County

I n d i v i d u a l Pe r f o r m a n c e 1st place: Casey Walker, “Where is the end of the Debate?” Rockcastle County Middle School 2nd place: Catherine Prater, “A Promise Kept,” Menifee County Middle School

G ro u p Pe r f o r m a n c e 1st place: Rachel Sames, Sierra White, Makenna Denham and Hailey Barnett, “Mockingbird: The Banning of a Gem in the Civil Rights Movement,” Clark County Middle School 2nd place: Brianna Mayo and Dimitri Leggas, “Language is a Tool to Conceal the Truth,” Winburn Middle School, Fayette County

Individual Documentary 1st place: Jacob Ferguson, “The Treaty of Versailles: When Diplomacy Fails,” Winburn Middle School, Fayette County 2nd place: Alexandra Bewley, “Nuclear Dawn: The Cuban Missile Crisis,” F.L. Olmsted Academy South, Jefferson County

G ro u p D o c u m e n t a r y

G ro u p E x h i b i t i o n

1st place: Ben Gardner and Andrew Tapia, “Pearl Harbor: Causes and Consequences,” Winburn Middle School, Fayette County 2nd place: Anna Poynter and Hannah Hillard, “Brown vs. Board of Education: The Debate over Racial Segregation,” Rockcastle County Middle School

1st place: Shannon Carter, Misty Geary and Madison Arndell, “America’s Stronghold for Democracy in the Vietnam War,” Grayson County High School 2nd place: Nicholas Worrix and Austin Casebolt, “Affirmative Action: A Cure with its own Disease,” Pike County Central High School

I n d i v i d u a l Pe r f o r m a n c e 1st place: Will Walker, “Who can I trust? A Decade of Doubt and Deception,” Rockcastle County High School 2nd place: Chandler Emmons-Smith, “Madeline McDowell Breckinridge: Kentucky’s Champion of Women’s Rights,” Paducah Tilghman High School, McCracken County

G ro u p Pe r f o r m a n c e

S e n i o r D i v i s i o n ( 9 t h - 1 2 t h g ra d e s ) Pa p e r 1st place: Paige Brewer, “Nakita Khrushchev: A Lesson in Diplomatic Contradictions,” Notre Dame Academy, Kenton County 2nd place: Nathan Russell, “Debate and Civil Rights: Jackie Robinson and the Integration of Major League Baseball,” Russell Homeschool, Fayette County

I n d i v i d u a l We b s i t e 1st place: Elizabeth Minor, “Henry Clay: Saving the Nation,” Henry Clay High School, Fayette County 2nd place: Logan Johnson, “TPAJAX: A Root for Middle Eastern Terror,” Shelby County High School

G ro u p We b s i t e 1st place: Rupika Narain and Kelly Pfister, “Breaker Boys,” DuPont Manual High School, Jefferson County 2nd place: Ryan Hall, Dalton Stevens, Allison Simpson and Erin Edwards, “Science vs. Religion: The Monkey Trials and Other Tribulations,” Pike County Central High School

1st place: Samantha Warford and Evan Allgeier, “Wet vs.

Dry: The Debate on Alcohol Prohibition,” Academy for Individual Excellence, Jefferson County 2nd place: Anna Gregory, Leigha Moore and Emily Witt, “Women in Society: Wollstonecraft vs. Rousseau,” Notre Dame Academy, Kenton County

Individual Documentary 1st place: William Hancock, “Religion, Wealth, Culture and Power: Byzantine Diplomacy,” Paducah Tilghman High School, McCracken County 2nd place: Brittany Hurd, “The Struggle for Women’s Rights,” Betsy Layne High School, Floyd County

G ro u p D o c u m e n t a r y 1st place: Allen Oder and Joseph Snider, “The Napster Debate: The Sad Song of Free Music,” Spencer County High School 2nd place: James Hopkins, Mitchum Whitaker, Daniel Patterson, John Maxie and Matthew Gregory, “The Mountaintop Removal Debate: Prosperity vs. Impact,” Letcher County Central High School

Individual Exhibit 1st place: Nia Johnson, “Freedom’s Cry: The Debate on Aid to Camp Nelson Refugees,” Tates Creek High School, Fayette County 2nd place: Bronte Murrell, “The Amistad Debate: People or Property,” Academy for Individual Excellence, Jefferson County

www.history.ky.gov

13

P O L I T I C S , M U R D E R & M Y S T E RY G O E B E L’ S A S S A S S I N N E V E R F O U N D

14

On Jan. 30, 1900, an unknown assassin shot and mortally wounded William Goebel, Democratic candidate for governor. The shooting and the ensuing controversy nearly started a second civil war and created a mystery that still lingers today.

Why was Goebel important and, perhaps more puzzling,why does the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) have his underwear on display in the Toyota Kentucky Hall of Governors?

William Goebel was progressive down to his underwear! He was wearing this undershirt when he was shot in 1900 – a time when most men were still wearing one piece union suits instead of separate tops and bottoms.

Goebel was born to German immigrant parents in 1856 in Sullivan County, Penn. He was a lawyer, specializing in corporate and railroad law. A complex person, Goebel could be aloof, but he was also seen as a friend of the common man and a dedicated reformer. He was extremely intelligent, although he was not considered an outstanding public speaker.

He advocated such reforms as expanded civil rights for women and African Americans. He also wanted more effective railroad regulations and increased rights for working people.

Goebel ran for and was elected to the state senate in 1887.

With the backing of his political organization, he remained a state senator until he ran for governor in 1899.

in the office of the Secretary of State in the annex building next door shot Goebel in the chest. Taylor, serving as governor pending a final decision on the election, called out the militia and ordered the General Assembly into a special session. Both Democrats and Republicans claimed control of the General Assembly, but the Republicans were too few in number to have a quorum.

On Jan. 31, the legislature awarded the election to Goebel and he was sworn in as governor. In his only act in that capacity, Goebel signed a proclamation to dissolve the militia called up

by Taylor.

Although he was attended by multiple doctors, Goebel died on Feb. 3, 1900. The aftermath of his death resulted in a frenzy of arrests and speculative newspaper reporting. Twenty people were accused of being involved in the assassination conspiracy. Of that number, 16 were indicted. Three turned state’s evidence, five went to trial and three were convicted— one of whom was Caleb Powers, Kentucky Secretary of State.

Because of the notoriety of the case, the trial was held in Georgetown, Ky. Eventually, the three who served time for the assassination were pardoned. All declared until their dying day that they were innocent of the murder of William Goebel.

William Goebel was wearing this shirt when he was shot by an assassin in 1900. The shirt was probably cut in half by a doctor and souvenir hunters later cut more pieces from it.

During his time in the state legislature, he pushed through what is known as the “Goebel Election Law,” which created a State Board of Elections Commissioners to examine election outcomes and rule on the results. Touted as a reform measure, many saw the law as a way for Goebel to gain more political power. The first three men appointed to the board were Goebel followers.

So why does KHS have Goebel’s underwear on display in the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky’s Hall of Governors?

Feeling confident of his chance of winning the governor’s race, Goebel threw his hat into the ring. The election was hotly contested. The Republican candidate, William S. Taylor, won the general election and the state Board of Elections Commissioners declared him the winner. However, Democrats in the General Assembly believed the election was fraudulent and called the legislature into session to examine the results.

In 1958, Judge W. B. Ardery of Georgetown ordered the items donated to KHS. The items donated include Goebel’s undergarments, his shirt, vest and jacket, all of which showed the violence of the shooting. They also showed signs of souvenir hunters: sections of the shirt and undershirt have areas where cloth was cut out for a keepsake.

On Jan. 30, 1900, Democratic contender Goebel approached the capitol building—now known as the Old State Capitol —to attend the legislature’s deliberations. An assassin hiding Opposite page: William Goebel is the only U.S. governor to be assassinated while in office.

The clothes Goebel wore on the day he was shot were used as evidence in the trials against the accused conspirators. After the trial, they were stored away and forgotten until 1948 when they were found in the attic of the Scott County Courthouse.

Goebel’s underwear, along with some less provocative but no less interesting objects, are on now on display in the newly redesigned “Toyota Kentucky Hall of Governors,” which opened June 4. Goebel’s jacket and vest are on display in the Center’s permanent exhibition, “A Kentucky Journey.”

www.history.ky.gov

15

T o y o ta

kentucky

Hall of Governors The newly renovated “Toyota Kentucky Hall of Governors” exhibition opened on June 4, providing more details about the commonwealth’s past governors and the times in which they lived. Artifacts from the governors are included in the exhibition and will be placed on display on a rotating basis.

Below are some of the items that you can expect to see in person when you visit.

William Goebel was wearing this shirt when he was shot by an assassin in 1900. The shirt was probably cut in half by a doctor and souvenir hunters later cut more pieces from it.

Donated by the Scott County Circuit Court under the orders of Judge W.B. Ardery, 1962.168

Gov. Thomas Bramlette carried this cane during the Civil War and it has his named etched on the knob.

Donated by Clara Walworth, 1953.6

This watch belonged to Gov. James Clark and was made in London, England around 1810.

Donated by J. Clark Ballard, 1950.29

This 1830s-style top hat belonged to Gov. James Clark.

Gov. Paul Patton wore this tie to his 1996 inauguration.

Donated by Joy E.Yacopetti, 1971.11.1

Donated by Gov. Paul Patton, 2002.1.3

Gov. William Owsley gave this pocket watch to his granddaughter in the 1850s. It is engraved, “From Grand Pa Owsley.”

This 1840s ivory signet belonged to Gov. Robert “Black Bob” Letcher, who used it to impress an image in sealing wax.

Donated by Gov.Wendell Ford, 1974.2

Donated by William B. Chescheir, 1986.86

Gov. A.B. “Happy” Chandler used this ink pen to sign the State Employee Retirement Law in 1956.

Kentucky Historical Society Collection, unnumbered-167

This brass surveying compass belonged to Gov. John Larue Helm.

Donated by Mrs. John Larue Helm, 1939.432abc

16

Gov. Robert P. “Black Bob” Letcher carried this watch during his 1840-1844 administration.

Donated by Mrs. Alexander McKee, 1939.153.1

William Goebel was wearing this undershirt when he was shot in 1900 – a time when most men were still wearing one-piece union suits instead of separate tops and bottoms.

Donated by the Scott County Circuit Court under the orders of Judge W.B. Ardery, 1962.167.1

Gov. Luke Blackburn presented his wife with this ring on their wedding day in 1857.

Donated by Juliette Churchill Hankins, Louise Cowling Peter and Amelia Cowling Jungbluth, 1939.148

Gov. J. Proctor Knott was given this watch by the Marion National Bank of Lebanon, Ky., as a token of appreciation.

Donated by Tom Spragens, 2003.29

Gov. Isaac Shelby probably wore these pants while working on his farm.

Kentucky Historical Society Collection, unnumbered-1175

Gov. Isaac Shelby carried this watch while he fought the English during the War of 1812.

Ironically, the watch was made in England.

Donated by S. Bart Walton III, 2002.29

This pen commemorates the 1948 signing of the Ohio River Valley Compact - a multistate effort to clean up the Ohio River.

Donated by Gov. Earle Clements, 1947.10

Gov. John Larue Helm owned this cane. It has a log cabin engraved on the knob which became a symbol of the Whig party in 1840.

Kentucky Historical Society Collection, unnumbered-1229

www.history.ky.gov

17

Boone Day 2011 FEATURED PANEL DISCUSSION WITH KENTUCKY GOVERNORS & UNVEILING OF NEW EXHIBITION

18

b

oone Day has been a tradition at the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) for 114 years, taking place under more than 20 governors from William O’Connell Bradley in 1897 to the commonwealth’s current governor, Steven L. Beshear, in 2011.

Because of this long tradition, it was fitting that Gov. Beshear and all of the living former governors – with the exception of Gov. Wendell Ford, who was unable to attend due to a friend’s funeral – participated in Boone Day on June 4 to cut the ribbon on the newly renovated “Toyota Kentucky Hall of Governors” exhibition. The governors then participated in a panel discussion, which will be broadcast July 11 by Kentucky Educational Television (KET).

“Portraits & Politics: Through the Eyes of Kentucky Governors,” was this year’s Boone Day theme and everything from the exhibition to the panel discussion provided guests with a glimpse into how the governor’s office has changed over time.

The day began with a private viewing of the newly-renovated exhibition with special guests and KHS donors. Many of the state’s governors explored the exhibition, paying attention to how their terms in office will be represented for years to come in the state’s timeline.

Shortly afterward, guests gathered for the ribbon-cutting ceremony, which featured remarks from Gov. Beshear; Kentucky State Historian James Klotter, Ph.D.; Kent Whitworth, executive director of KHS; and Scott Alvey, director of the KHS design studio and project manager for the exhibition.

“I feel honored, a little humbled and yes, nervous … that one day my official portrait will too hang with these former chief executives of this great state,” said Gov. Beshear. “This is heady company.”

Beshear went on to note that his years in office have taught him that “as governor, you cannot pick the times in which you lead – nor the challenges that arise – but you can dictate the manner in which you lead.” www.history.ky.gov

19

Beshear’s remarks were followed by Klotter, who discussed the role of governor throughout the state’s history. Klotter provided some context to the exhibition, which features portraits of the commonwealth’s 56 heads of state.

“Over the years, the governorship of Kentucky has changed greatly, and this Hall of Governors is now changing as well,” said Klotter. “History is not something stale and static; it changes. And history is really not as much about the past, as it is about helping us all know how to deal with the future.”

Klotter noted that the best of the state’s chief executives have served their terms in office always looking toward the future.

“They respect the role of tradition; they understand the realities of the world around them, but they focus on the world that can be made, the new realities that can be created, the fresh traditions that can be built,” said Klotter.

REMARKS FROM KENTUCKY’S S TATE HIS TORIAN, JAMES KLOT T ER

KHS has for many years been the official repository of the governors’ portraits. Thanks to funding from the Kentucky General Assembly, KHS was able to renovate the “Hall of Governors” exhibition this year to improve the lighting, expand the interpretive experience and provide additional security to these historic works of art. KHS worked with a team from Solid Light Inc. to completely revamp the exhibition and to add detailed information, plus interactive elements that help make the exhibition user-friendly, especially for students.

Following the ribbon-cutting ceremony, guests enjoyed lunch with traditional Kentucky fare, followed by a panel discussion with the governors. KET moderator Bill Goodman led the discussion and the governors shared their own personal insights into the state’s highest office. Their conversation touched on topics from job creation to education and the governors were gracious in sharing their own individual experiences in office.

The entire panel discussion is scheduled for broadcast by KET July 11. See www.ket.org for exact times and additional dates. 3

20

In the first days of the commonwealth, governors had so little to do that they could stay away from town for weeks at a time, and nobody noticed or cared. In earlier times, the chief executive might, in normal years, do little more than make a few talks, remit some minor fines, sign a few pardons, and occasionally send the state militia to a county to keep the peace (there was no state police then). They supervised a small budget and a small state workforce—in 1900 they still numbered under a hundred full-time employees. The press was actually much more partisan then than now, and more open about their partisanship, but the few gubernatorial actions or appearances meant that there was less to criticize or critique. Yet, over time, the duties of the office increased, government’s role in society expanded, and the challenges grew much more complex and difficult.

So, when we dedicate this hall and when we recognize those who so ably worked to make it all happen, we should remember first and foremost that it honors not us, but rather those on the walls here, living and dead. They speak to us still, and we must listen—and we must learn. This history is something that we must not—and cannot–forget.

Research & Interpretation PROMOTING HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDING

www.history.ky.gov

21

nelson dawson

RUSSELL HARRIS

PATRICK LEWIS

DARRELL MEADOWS

BECKY RIDDLE

DON RIGHTMYER

BETH VAN ALLEN

The Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) is a multifaceted history organization, dedicated to the promotion of historical understanding and history education in the state. To achieve this ambitious mission, KHS programs and activities are developed, implemented and managed by a number of functional divisions, with many activities requiring the cooperative planning, expertise and coordination of staff from across the organization.This is the first in a series of profiles highlighting the programs and activities currently underway within KHS’s seven functional teams.

The promotion of historical understanding is essential to society’s ability to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The divison of research and interpretation (R&I) is made up of a highly skilled team of historians, editors and administrators who work with and serve a wide community of historians, genealogists and history enthusiasts from across the commonwealth and beyond. They do so in a variety of ways: through the editing and production of the state’s oldest peer-reviewed history quarterly, the Register of the Kentucky Historical Society, and the state genealogical quarterly, Kentucky Ancestors, but also through the administration of the Kentucky Historical Marker program, the KHS Scholarly Research Fellowship program and several significant awards programs in history and genealogy. In the past two years, R&I staff have taken the lead in developing a significant, long-term documentary editing project, Civil War Governors of Kentucky. Through these and other activities, the R&I team actively promotes, advances and disseminates new knowledge in Kentucky history and genealogy, which is the basis for new historical understandings.

D isseminating K entucky H istory Far and W ide : T he R egister of the K entucky H istorical S ociety Did you know that 1,893 individual KHS members and 277 organizations and institutions worldwide subscribe to the Register? Beginning with the most recent volume—vol. 108— the Register will be accessible to an even wider audience through Project MUSE, the online publishing arm of The Johns Hopkins University Press, enhancing its desirability as a publishing venue among leading and upcoming scholars.

The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society has been published continuously since 1903.

22

The editors of the Register have accomplished a great deal in recent years, including the publication of no less than seven issues of the journal since April 2010. Recent special issues of the Register, focusing on Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis, respectively, received awards of merit from the American Association of State and Local History. As a significant regional journal dedicated to the publication of new work by leading historians, including some of the brightest young scholars working today, the Register remains a vital contribution to new knowledge of Kentucky’s past.

K entucky A ncestors : C onnecting P eople through T ime , S pace and R esearch Like most everything else KHS does, there is a great deal that happens behind the scenes—research, writing, editing and sharing new information with colleagues and friends.

All those tasks help produce every issue of the state’s premier genealogical publication, Kentucky Ancestors. In many ways, the publication of articles in Ancestors is just the endpoint of a longer process of painstaking research. In the pages of Kentucky Ancestors, men and women from across the commonwealth and beyond—all of them inveterate researchers—share their love for the past and the joy of discovering their family’s place in history.

In fact, Kentucky Ancestors regularly publishes articles by both veteran and first-time authors. And for many first-time authors, the road to publication begins first with a quest for knowledge and understanding of their own past and that of their ancestors.

To learn more about genealogy and the how-to’s of genealogical research that abound at KHS, you can begin by attending a Family History workshop, held on the second Saturday of each month.

Kentucky Ancestors is published quarterly by the Kentucky Historical Society.

T he H istorical M arker P rogram : M en , W omen and C ommunities M aking H istory The Kentucky Historic Markers Program is a longstanding partnership between local communities, KHS and the Kentucky Department of Transportation. It remains among the most widely recognized programs that KHS delivers on behalf of the citizens of Kentucky. At dedications of these markers, the community gathers to commemorate the history of its town and people, or to celebrate the accomplishments of a local, regional or national figure whose life shaped the lives of other men and women.

K H S S cholarly R esearch F ellowships : E nsuring the F uture of K entucky H istory

Former Louisville Mayor Jerry Abramson participated in a KHS highway marker dedication at Iriquois Amphitheater.

Simply owning collections is not enough to ensure the future of Kentucky history. New historical understandings require the expansion of in-depth research in these significant collections.

With the generous support of the KHS Foundation, KHS promotes new research in Kentucky history through shortterm scholarly research fellowships. In recent years, these fellowships, which assist scholars with travel and living expenses, have enabled dozens of outstanding historians, graduate students and independent scholars to conduct www.history.ky.gov| 23 www.history.ky.gov 23

R O B E RT S. WEISE R E C E IV E S C O L L IN S AWA R D

groundbreaking research in KHS collections—research that is transforming and expanding our understanding of the history of this state and region. The basic historical research funded by the Scholarly Research Fellowship program serves as the foundation for countless Ph.D. dissertations, scholarly books and articles published in the Register and other leading history journals. It is just one important way in which KHS is making a difference and expanding the field of historical knowledge about Kentucky and its people, and cultivating the next generation of scholars dedicated to this long-term endeavor.

B uilding S cholarly C ommunity

Robert S. Weise is the recipient of the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) Richard H. Collins Award for 2011 for his article “A New Deal in the Cold War: Carl D. Perkins, Coal and the Political Economy of Poverty in Eastern Kentucky, 1948-1964.”

Named for Richard H. Collins, one of the trailblazing historians of the commonwealth, the Collins Award has been given annually since 1978 to the author of the article in the Register of the Kentucky Historical Society judged to have made the most outstanding contribution to Kentucky history.

A panel of scholars in the field makes the selection and awards the recipient a $1,000 prize, made possible by the KHS Foundation.

Weise’s article appeared in a recent special issue of the Register (Vol. 107, no. 3), which focused on Appalachian Kentucky and the War on Poverty. An associate professor of history at Eastern Kentucky University, Weise is also the author of “Grasping at Independence: Debt, Male Authority and Mineral Rights in Appalachian Kentucky, 1850-1915” (2001). He is currently researching 20th century social, political and economic landscapes in eastern Kentucky.

“ ...after all is said and done, a good historian never slights the classroom. That comes first, if he is a teaching historian...”

–Thomas D. Clark

24

While other teams at KHS have considerable interactions with the scholarly community, those of the R&I team serve a somewhat different purpose—namely, the long-term development and growth of a community of historians and other scholars dedicated to Kentucky history and history education in Kentucky. In recent years, R&I and other KHS teams have strengthened the Society’s relationships with departments of history at both the University of Kentucky and the University of Louisville. In the past year, KHS has begun to work directly with the respective deans of the two institutions’ colleges of arts and sciences to find new and mutually beneficial collaborations.

In other ways, R&I promotes excellence through its scholarly history and genealogy awards, presented annually. R&I staff also work closely with historians in the region to host ongoing seminars in both early American history and 20th century American history, providing a forum for historians and other scholars and advanced graduate students to present and obtain critical feedback on works in progress.

C ivil War G overnors of K entucky: A R esearch C ollection for the D igital Age Since fall 2009, R&I staff have been intimately involved with the conceptualization and development of what is likely to count as one of the largest projects KHS has ever undertaken.

The Civil War Governors of Kentucky (CWG-K) is a multiyear documentary-editing project dedicated to locating, imaging, transcribing, annotating and publishing documents associated with all five of the state’s Civil War governors, including the three Union governors, Beriah Magoffin (185962), James F. Robinson (1862-63) and Thomas E. Bramlette

(1863-67), and the two Confederate governors, George W. Johnson (1861-62) and Richard Hawes (1862-65). The edition focuses on the period between November 1860, the date of Lincoln’s election as president, and the end of December 1865, roughly corresponding with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, which ended slavery. Each of these national milestones signaled a pivotal change in Kentucky’s political and social order.

Groundbreaking in its conceptualization, CWG-K will become an essential research collection, providing access to a wealth of untapped evidence that will shape new understandings of the social, legal, military, political and cultural history of Kentucky, the surrounding region and the nation. The project is already receiving national attention from leading scholars in the fields of history and digital humanities for its important subject matter and its innovative approach to digital documentary editing. Project directors expect CWG-K to become a national model for other such scholarly projects conceived for and executed in a digital environment.

KANDIE P. ADKINS ON RECEIVES 2 0 1 0 ANNE WALKER FITZGERALD AWARD Kandie Prather Adkinson, a native of Mercer County and a current resident of Franklin County, Ky., is the recipient of the Kentucky Historical Society’s 2010 Anne Walker Fitzgerald Award.

Adkinson was recognized for her articles, “Researching Tax Lists: 1841-1860” and “Researching Kentucky Tax Lists: Revenue Collection During the Civil War (1861-1865)” in Kentucky Ancestors.

Adkinson’s articles provide an important summary of Kentucky tax lists during the early 19th century and Civil War period and are an excellent reference tool for researchers who want to learn more about the potential genealogical and historical information those documents can provide.

“Thank you so much for the opportunity to share research with the readers of Kentucky Ancestors. The Anne Walker Fitzgerald Award is beyond prestigious.

I am so honored by this.”

The team is guided by a national advisory board of prominent historians, documentary editors and specialists in the digital humanities—including several from Kentucky institutions such as the Filson Historical Society, the University of Louisville, the University of Kentucky (UK) and Georgetown College.

Major institutional partners include the UK College of Arts & Sciences, UK Libraries and the Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives.

Initial planning for the Civil War Governors of Kentucky was made possible by the generous support provided by the James Graham Brown Foundation of Louisville. This past spring, the project was awarded a $25,000 grant from the Gheens Foundation, also of Louisville. These start-up funds have made a critical contribution as the project shifts from planning to its major implementation phase. In June, the project received the official endorsement of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission. Project directors are currently seeking additional major funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities. and several private foundations.

3

–Kandie Adkinson With funding provided by the KHS Foundation, the Anne Walker Fitzgerald Award was established in 2008 to honor the first editor of KHS’s genealogical quarterly, Kentucky Ancestors, which began publication in 1965. Anne Walker Fitzgerald edited the publication for 19 years, until 1983.

Kandie Adkinson’s two articles were published in 2010 and build on a series of articles about Kentucky land records and tax lists that she has contributed to Kentucky Ancestors over the past four years. She has lectured about Kentucky land records for over three decades and has often presented at conferences on the local, state, regional and national levels sharing her vast knowledge and expertise. Adkinson will be presented with an engraved plaque and a cash award of $1,000.

For more information about Kentucky Ancestors or to submit an article of your own, contact editor Don Rightmyer at 502-564-1792, ext. 4435 or Don.Rightmyer@ky.gov.

Anne Walker Fitzgerald, first editor of Kentucky Ancestors

www.history.ky.gov

25

TH E KH S INTERVIE W SERIES

Lt. Gov. Thelma Stovall

KENTUCKY AND THE E QUA L R I G H T S A M E N D M E N T A N I N T E RV I E W W I T H K H S F E L L OW N A N C Y B A K E R

Nancy Baker

KHS fellow Nancy E. Baker (Ph.D., Harvard University) is an assistant professor of history at Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas. Baker recently visited Kentucky to work on her book “Unequaled: Rescission and the Equal Rights Amendment” forthcoming from Baylor University Press. Kentucky is one of five states that ratified the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and later rescinded. Research at KHS, made possible through a fellowship funded by the KHS Foundation, was essential to complete Baker’s study.

above: Kentucky Equal Rights banner with buttons and Lt. Gov. Stovall portrait (KHS Collections)

26

In an interview with Elizabeth Van Allen, associate editor of the Register and assistant director of Civil War Governors of Kentucky, Baker reveals the importance of Kentucky in the national ERA debate and what the ERA’s failure teaches about the way our democracy works.

Van Allen: Most work on the ERA focuses on pro-ERA sympathizers rather than on the opponents of the amendment.

What is the focus of your study?

Baker: Thirty-five states ratified the ERA by the 1982 deadline, but 38 were needed. Previous scholars have been preoccupied with why three more states did not ratify; hence, they focus on the unratified states. My focus is on states that ratified, which have traditionally been regarded as pro-ERA states.

Van Allen: Kentucky commonly has been identified as one of these pro-ERA states. How does your study complicate this picture?

Baker: From the start of my research, I noticed that all those who studied the ERA divided states into two lists: those that had ratified, and those that never ratified. However, five states were always marked with an asterisk. At the bottom of the page, there would be a notation that these five states had ratified, but then later rescinded their ratifications. I wondered, “Why were these states still considered pro-ERA states? Why had these states changed their minds? What had happened?” I have discovered that all 35 ratified states had rescission efforts to some degree. This suggests that even after ratification, the ERA continued to be a highly contested issue in these states, complicating our previous understanding of the ERA battle.

Van Allen: How did the movement for rescission of the ERA begin? Why is Kentucky important? How did Kentucky become central to discussions about rescission?

Baker: Phyllis Schlafly is usually credited for leading the rescission and anti-ERA movement nationwide. While she played an essential role, I argue that focusing on Schlafly overlooks what was happening at the state level in the ratified states.

Rescission began with Nebraska. The women who organized the Nebraska rescission movement belonged to a conservative women’s network that included Schlafly, but they were operating largely on their own. They persuaded State Senator Richard F. Proud to sponsor the rescission bill in January 1973.

Proud led the legislative effort to rescind, succeeding in March 1973.

Kentucky may be the state with the most determined, sustained rescission effort of all 35 ratified states. No other state had as many attempts to rescind as Kentucky, in which rescission bills were introduced into the legislature annually from 1974-1978.

Kentucky’s rescission caused a sensation because the

circumstances were dramatic. During the pivotal year of 1978, anti-ERA forces in the Senate seized upon H. J. Res. 20, a bill that pertained to the study of military retirement, gutted it and replaced its contents with text that rescinded their ratification of the ERA. Among others, Lt. Gov. Thelma Stovall challenged this move; however, each time Stovall objected to the proceedings, she was temporarily removed from her seat and replaced with Sen. Joe Prather, who allowed this move to succeed.

The amended version of H. J. Res. 20 then returned to the House. The pro-ERA speaker of the House, William Kenton, stepped down and allowed House Speaker Pro-Tem Lloyd Clapp to preside. Clapp had been passionately anti-ERA since 1972. The original sponsor tried twice to remove his name from the bill, but the House refused to accept his withdrawal.

After over four hours of heated debate, the House voted to pass the bill. As of March 17, 1978, Kentucky’s General Assembly had rescinded their ratification of the ERA. On March 20, Lt. Gov. Stovall vetoed the rescission bill, acting in place of absent Gov. Julian Carroll. Stovall’s veto has traditionally been described as a personal, pointless gesture, as the governor had no role to play in how the legislature handles a federal amendment. However, Stovall claimed at the time to be responding to the irregularities involved. Gov. Carroll told newspapers that this “piggybacking” of an unrelated amendment to a bill was a common problem but had reached a new low in this instance. He thought reform should be considered. That Stovall’s veto might have been provoked by procedural abuses in need of reform potentially legitimates her action and opens a new avenue for further research.

In the aftermath of the rescission, Stovall became a folk hero to ERA supporters across the country and an instant celebrity on television and in print. Kentucky’s dramatic story garnered increased national media attention for the issue of rescission and the ERA. Van Allen: Did Kentucky differ from other states involved in the rescission process? If so, how?

Baker: Every state that considered rescission had its own local political factors that shaped the outcome in some way, so no two states have precisely the same story. In Kentucky, busing and abortion appear to have been issues that had an impact on the ERA battle. In addition, I was surprised to discover a strong Mormon presence in the Kentucky rescission movement. These Mormons were from western Kentucky and were members of Stop ERA. In many other states, once a pro-ERA group had mobilized to confront the rescission effort, the rescission effort withered— but not in Kentucky. www.history.ky.gov

27

Van Allen: You focus on the development of the grassroots anti-ERA movement. How do you intend to use the perspectives of pro-ERA activists in your study?

Baker: Pro-ERA activists’ perspectives are invaluable to me in terms of assessing rescission. Early in my research, some scholars regarded my topic with skepticism: how could rescission matter, especially if only five states rescinded?

Pro-ERA activists’ position papers, memoranda, newspaper clippings and personal notes have been incredibly helpful to me in piecing together the story of what happened. Their responses to rescission have shown me that pro-ERA activists perceived rescission efforts in any one state as a threat to all ratified states and to the chances of success for the federal ERA overall.

Van Allen: Who in Kentucky played pivotal roles on either side of the issue? How? Baker: On the pro-ERA side, there were several leaders, all of whom helped found the Kentucky Pro-ERA Alliance. The Alliance began in 1975 in an attempt to counter the rescission effort then afoot. Four leaders of the Alliance were Dr. Allie Corbin Hixson, Martha Pickering, Suzy Post and Dr. Lilialyce Akers. Although they failed to prevent rescission in 1978, the Alliance continued as a major force in Kentucky for organizing support for the national ERA battle over the next several years.

On the anti-ERA side, Carol Maddox of Ft. Thomas led the northern-based Kentucky Stop ERA, possibly the first group to get the state legislature to consider rescission. In 1975, Concerned Women of Kentucky, Inc. formed, with strong support in western Kentucky; their leader was Barbara Pagan of Owensboro. Comparing the pro-ERA leaders with the antiERA leaders, the key difference seems to be level of education and occupation. The pro-ERA leaders had advanced degrees and worked outside the home, while the anti-ERA leaders had high school degrees and were full-time homemakers.

{

The failure of ERA is really a lesson in the importance of citizens being politically involved. Your vote does matter!

}

N AN C Y BAK E R

Van Allen: Why did the ERA fail to be ratified?

Baker: The ERA failed to be ratified because it became controversial. Once the debate shifted from more abstract arguments about equality to more concrete arguments over social issues, such as the draft, gay rights, abortion and labor laws, the ERA was transformed into a de facto referendum on

28

social change in America. As rescission efforts in ratified states suggest, there was a great deal of uneasiness and uncertainty about the pace and extent of social change in this country.

While those who were anti-ERA and pro-rescission may not have been a majority of Americans, they mobilized effectively enough to stop the ERA. This is how our democracy works— it’s not enough to claim that a majority wants a certain change. If the majority does not mobilize to make that change happen, that change can be stopped by a vocal, active minority.

The failure of the ERA is really a lesson in the importance of citizens being politically involved. Your vote does matter!

Van Allen: What is the legacy of the ERA in American society today?

Baker: Some of the anti-ERA arguments have come to pass, in large part due to state ERAs patterned after the federal ERA. For example, anti-ERA activists predicted that the ERA would allow gay marriage. Pro-ERA activists responded that the ERA would discriminate against gay men and lesbians equally (i.e., no two persons of the same sex could marry, whether male or female). As it turns out, state ERAs have been used to support gay marriage rights in a number of states in recent years.

The ERA battle caused the American public to debate women’s rights as an issue, which led to legal change for women. During the 1970s and since, women’s rights have improved in ways that might not have happened without the ERA. Opponents of the ERA agree, though they regard these changes as problematic at best.

Perhaps one mark of just how the ERA has succeeded despite failing is the fairly popular misconception that the amendment is in the Constitution. Every semester when I discuss the amendment’s failure, my undergraduate students are surprised: the majority of students take sexual equality for granted to such an extent that they assume the Constitution has an ERA.

FOLLOWING UP...

KHS Sets Record for Student V i s i tat i o n i n 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 1

H e r i tag e S o c i e t y Fa i r P r ov i d e s I n f o r m at i o n f o r Fa m i ly H i s to r i a n s

With the spring of the 2010-11 school year, the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) finishes one of its busiest seasons of student visits in recent memory.

From February through May, over 14,000 students from across the commonwealth visited the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History. The Old State Capitol had more than 7,100 student visitors during the same time period.

KHS continues to expand its programming for scouting organizations, as well. On Feb. 15, approximately 1,500 Boy Scouts and family members visited the Old State Capitol, and 44 Girl Scouts participated in badge workshops in March and April. KHS’s first-ever homeschool day in March brought in 258 visitors, along with requests to make it a recurring event.

Director of KHS Special Collections and Library Services, Louise Jones, interviews a heritage society representative during the June Family History workshop.

The Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) and the Kentucky Genealogical Society (KGS) hosted a heritage society fair on Saturday, June 11 at the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History.

More than 20 heritage societies were on-site to provide family historians with membership information and to explain the application process. Representatives from the Daughters of the War of 1812, the Kentucky Daughters of the American Revolution, Sons of Union Veterans, First Families of Kentucky, the Sons of the American Revolution and the Hugenot Society, among others, were in attendance.

“The purpose of this heritage society fair was to expose family historians to the variety of societies that are available,” said Louise Jones, director of special collections and library services at KHS. “These groups allow people to share research pursuits, and many of them have public service aspects, such as scholarship programs, that are attractive to family historians.”

In addition to the heritage society fair, Roger Futrell conducted a morning workshop where he shared his own experiences with the application process and discussed the criteria for applying to First Families of Tennessee. Following lunch, attendees had the opportunity to speak to society representatives one-on-one. The Kentucky Technology in Genealogy Users Group was also available to assist with locating websites for these organizations and to show those in attendance how to apply or post queries online.

www.history.ky.gov

29

FOLLOWING UP...

IN MEMORIUM S A R A S H A L L E N B E R G E R B R OW N APRIL 14, 1911- APRIL 30, 2011 Sara Shallenberger “Sally” Brown was recognized by the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) Foundation during its May meeting with a resolution citing her “generosity, service and commitment to KHS.” Brown was a member of the KHS Abraham Lincoln Society at the presidential advisors level, the highest category of recognition for benefactors to the Society.

Photo courtesy of the Brown family.

A native of Valdez, Alaska, Brown was involved in numerous local, state, national and international preservation and conservation organizations. She received several national awards during her lifetime, including the Garden Club of America’s Frances K. Hutchinson Award for National Service in Conservation, the Nature Conservancy Oak Leaf Award, the National Audubon Society Highest Achievement Award, the National Trust for Historic Preservation Award and the National Resources Defense Council’s “Forces for Nature Award.” The 600-acre Sally Brown Nature Preserve located along the Kentucky River Pallisades is named in her honor, as is the lobby of Louisville’s Actors Theatre.

Brown was the daughter of Brig. Gen. Martin Conrad Shallenberger and Ina Hamilton Dowdy. She was a graduate of Sweet Briar College and held a degree in fine arts. She was married to W. L. Lyons Brown, former chairman and president of Kentucky’s Brown-Forman Corporation. The couple had four children, W. L. “Lee” Lyons Brown, Martin Shallenberger Brown, Owsley Brown II and Ina Brown Bond. Following her husband’s death in 1973, Brown founded the W. L. Lyons Brown Foundation and served as its secretary.

Brown played a leadership role in the legacy campaigns to build the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History and in the Campaign for Kentucky: The Thomas D. Clark Education Challenge.

“Sally Brown was the perfect example of a person who made a difference in the lives of her fellow citizens,” said John R. Hall, president of the KHS Foundation. “As we strive to make Kentucky a better place we are inspired by her grace and leadership.”

30

J O S E P H H E N RY M U R P H Y, J R .

AU G U S T 1 7 , 1 9 1 7 - A P R I L 2 8 , 2 0 1 1 Joseph Henry Murphy Jr. was recognized by the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) Foundation during its May meeting with a resolution commending Murphy’s service to his country; recognizing his friendship with Kentucky Historian Laureate for Life, Thomas D. Clark; and honoring his generosity to KHS, evidenced especially through his gift of the Abraham Lincoln watch in 2002.

A native of Stanford, Ky., Murphy was a respected businessman who demonstrated his love of family and commitment to sharing Kentucky’s history. He served his country with distinction as both a cavalry and infantry officer, and received the Purple Heart during the invasion of Southern France in World War I.

Joseph Henry Murphy Jr. donated the pocket watch owned by Abraham Lincoln, ca. 1860, to KHS. Murphy was inducted in 2002 as a member of the KHS Foundation’s Abraham Lincoln Society for his donation of the Lincoln watch. The watch had belonged to William H. Townsend and was then passed down to Townsend’s daughter and Murphy’s wife, Mary Genevieve Townsend Murphy. Each year, tens of thousands of visitors to the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History view this Lincoln artifact.

Murphy is survived by his sons, Joseph Henry Murphy III and Martin Wallace Murphy, and his daughter Elodie Murphy Lawson.

C A L E N DA R OF EVENTS For updated calendar information, visit www.history.ky.gov. All events held at the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History unless otherwise noted.

Old State Capitol Tours

Please call for a complete schedule of tours in July, August and September Delve into the politics and everyday life of the tumultuous 19thcentury by touring this National Historic Landmark that served as Kentucky’s capitol from 1830 to 1910. Tours begin at the Center for Kentucky History. Free with admission.

Contact Leslie.McWhorter@ky.gov.

J U LY EXPERIENCE THE OLD STATE CAPITOL IN A WHOLE NEW WAY!

“A Capitol Divided Tour: Civil War Beginnings at the Old State Capitol” Saturdays at 1:30 p.m.

Old State Capitol Please reserve in advance by contacting Mike.Deetsch@ky.gov.

What were the issues that caused uproar and concern before the Civil War? Who were the people that made the decisions that affected the state? Experience the sights and sounds of the debates and battles that occurred in the Old State Capitol during the first years of the War Between the States. Tour begins at the Center for Kentucky History. 50 minutes. Free with history campus admission.

TEACHER WORKSHOP

Picturing America: Faces, Spaces and Places July 6-7 Public, private and home school teachers are participating in “Picturing America: Faces, Spaces and Places,” a three-day conference with premier scholars from across the country leading sessions on works of art found in the National Endowment for the Humanities Picturing America portfolio. The one-day follow-up on January 12, 2012 will give participants the opportunity to share their classroom observations from using these materials.

FAMILY HISTORY WORKSHOP

Genealogy Brick Walls Panel Discussion: Deborah Campisano, Roger Futrell, Valerie Edgeworth, and Betty Darnell Saturday, July 9, 10:30 a.m.

In this session, experienced genealogists will describe how they have resolved difficult family history research hurdles and offer their recommendations for strategies that may help you get beyond what appear to be genealogical “dead ends.”

FAMILY HISTORY WORKSHOP

The Genealogical Proof Standard: Deborah Campisano Saturday, July 9, 12:30 p.m.

Genealogical problems arise when historical records either do not exist or do not directly support a clear conclusion. Learn about the accepted standards of evidence that must be met when trying to draw a conclusion, prove a relationship or discriminate between

what information is credible and what is not.

CAMP ARTYFACT

July 11-29 Camp ArtyFact is a half-day, week-long camp for children ages 5-13.

Campers will discover Kentucky’s history, culture and traditions through hands-on activities like sculpting, painting, drawing and theatre. Visit www.history.ky.gov/camp or contact Mike.Deetsch@ky.gov.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

“One of Morgan’s Men: Memoirs of Lt. John M. Porter of the Ninth Kentucky Cavalry” Wednesday, July 20, noon to 1:30 p.m.

Join Kent Masterson Brown as he discusses the life of a remarkable Confederate soldier. A book signing will immediately follow the program. Reservations required by July 15. $18 for KHS members and $23 for all other patrons. Contact Julia Curry at 502-564-1792, ext. 4414 or Julia.Curry@ky.gov.

KHS Executive Committee Board Meeting Friday, July 15, 1 p.m.

AUG UST EXPERIENCE THE OLD STATE CAPITOL IN A WHOLE NEW WAY!

“A Capitol Divided Tour: Civil War Beginnings at the Old State Capitol” Saturdays at 1:30 p.m.

Old State Capitol Please reserve in advance by contacting Mike.Deetsch@ky.gov.

See July description for full details.

KENTUCKY GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY SEMINAR

Saturday, August 6 First United Methodist Church, 211 Wapping St., Frankfort Spend the day with Elizabeth Shown Mills, international authority on genealogical research methodology, documentation standards and evidence presentation. Mills will give presentations on genealogical problem solving, interpreting family oral history, jump-starting stalled research efforts and the genealogical proof standard.

Visit www.kygs.org for registration.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

A Capitol Life Wednesday, August 17, noon to 1:30 p.m.

Join Steve Collins for a peek behind the doors of the Kentucky Governor’s Mansion, home to the state’s governors since 1914. His discussion will offer a lively perspective on how governors and their families brought life to this historic home. Transportation will be provided. Reservations required by August 12. Seating for this event is limited, so make your reservations early! $18 for KHS members and $23 for all other patrons. Contact Julia Curry at 502-564-1792, ext. 4414 or Julia.Curry@ky.gov.

www.history.ky.gov

31

C A L E N DA R OF EVENTS SEP TEM B ER FAMILY HISTORY WORKSHOP

Records and Resources in Libraries’ Genealogical Collections Saturday, September 10, 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.

Hear representatives from three libraries with significant family history holdings discuss their unique genealogy and family history collections, including archival holdings and online databases.

Followed by question & answer session with library representatives and mentoring associates in the KHS Library.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Tales from Kentucky One-Room School Teachers Wednesday, September 21, noon – 1:30 p.m.

In Tales from Kentucky One-Room School Teachers, Lynwood Montell offers a fun and fascinating collection of schoolroom stories that recount a golden era in Kentucky’s educational heritage. A book signing will immediately follow the program. Reservations required

by Sept. 16. $18 for KHS members and $23 for all other patrons.

Contact Julia Curry at 502-564-1792, ext. 4414 or Julia.Curry@ky.gov.

CO M I NG THI S FALL CANDLELIGHT TOUR Downtown Frankfort Nov. 10, 11 & 12

RE-OPENING OF THE KENTUCKY MILITARY HISTORY MUSEUM 125 East Main St, Frankfort Nov. 11

ANNUAL MEETING & KENTUCKY HISTORY AWARDS Old State Capitol Nov. 11

STAY TUNED FOR “THE MAKINGS OF A MASTER: KENTUCKY FOLK ART APPRENTICESHIPS” COMING IN SEPTEMBER

32

what’s

r u family o y history?

The is the perfect place to explore your family tree or solve that genealogical mystery.

Kentucky Genealogical Society Seminar Sat., August 6 First United Methodist Church 211 Wapping St., Frankfort Spend the day with Elizabeth Shown Mills, international authority on genealogical research methodology, documentation standards and evidence presentation. Mills will discuss genealogical problem solving, interpreting family oral history, jump-starting stalled research efforts and the genealogical proof standard. Visit www.kygs.org to register.

Family History Workshop Records and Resources in Libraries’ Genealogical Collections Sat., September 10, 10:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.

Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History Hear representatives from three libraries with significant family history holdings discuss their unique genealogy and family history collections, including archival holdings and online databases. Followed by a question & answer session with library representatives and mentoring assistants. For more information call 502-564-1792, ext. 4460 or e-mail RefDesk@ky.gov.

Resources Online access to Heritage Quest, Footnote, KHS digital collections and more Over 90,000 print materials and publications Archival resources: manuscripts, photographs and oral histories Court records, wills, newspapers, census data and more on microfilm

Hours Wednesdays: 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.

Thursdays: 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.

Fridays & Saturdays: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

100 W. Broadway | Frankfort, KY 40601 502-564-1792 | www.history.ky.gov

The Kentucky Historical Society is an agency of the Tourism, Arts and Heritage Cabinet.

100 West Broadway Frankfort, Kentucky 40601 502.564.1792 www.history.ky.gov

SUMMER

2011

Next Issue:

KE N T UC K Y M I L I TARY H I S TORY MU S U EM TO RE - O P E N KHS FO U N DAT I O N A N N UA L R E PORT

www.history.ky.gov

The Kentucky Historical Society is an agency of the Tourism, Arts and Heritage Cabinet.