Part2 Architecture portfolio, Kyu-Hyun Song

ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO Kyu Hyun Song Selected Works 2013 – 2019

CONSTRUCTING USER BEHAVIOURS Throughout history, human mind has been constructed by the collection of individual experiences. Through a person’s eyes, ears, and skin, men perceived diverse information, which is then processed through the mind, eventually affecting human behaviours.

With rapid urbanization, the landscape which men perceive everyday have increasingly become men made artefacts. As the influence of architects on human perception becomes ever greater, I believe that architects have to take extra care and responsibility for constructing architectural devices that could influence user behaviours for creating a sustainable society in a fast paced and dispersed social atmosphere.

I believe that my fascination into these themes came from my parent and grandparent who were educators, which led me to he idea of architecture as a teacher, a device for shaping human behaviours. With special references to Maria Montessori, Aldo van Eyck and Herman Hertzberger, the portfolio contains the collection of investigations into these themes throughout my architectural studies and carriers.

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Herman Hertzberger’s Montessori school and Willemspark school, Amsterdam (1980-1983) 7

CONTENTS 1 PUNTO BLU : Interior design for art space/cafe 2 COMIC USER SCENARIO ORIENTED DESIGN : Visual narratives for user centric-design methods 3 URBAN MONTESSORI : Public education institute for all ages 4 ECO PRINT : Sustainable 3d printing studio 5 BOOKWORM : Circulation design for a library Jamsil 6 BAR CLYDE’S : Rooftop bar / restaurant 7 INSTITUTION FOR CREATIVITY & ARTS : Compendium for the creative class

PUNTO BLU : Interior Design for Art Space/Cafe

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PUNTO BLU : Interior Design for Art Space/Cafe Location : Seungsu, Seoul, South Korea Program : Cafe/Bar, Exhibition, Artist Studio, Workshop Space Project Year : 2018 Category : Interior Design Size : 324M2 Type : Individual Project Company : Ilsim Role : Concept Design, Detailed design, Site Management Program used : Autocad, Rhino, Ps, Ai

The Punto Blu was the first project I was commissioned as the head interior designer from conceptual design to the final construction. Located in a car repair shop populated area of Seungsu, Seoul, my job was to transform a ground floor office space into a multi-purpose artist space composed of café, gallery, flexible workshop space, and an artist studio. In this project, the client’s brief was to create a flexible artist space in order to accommodate a wide range of venues and projectable surfaces following his personal interests in video arts. I was able to mediate with the client and develop the project’s concept towards an adaptable architecture where the space can be transformed to host various venues while allowing different artists and individuals to interact within a creative atmosphere.

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w/c artist studio

bar / cafe

wood workshop

artist studio

office

gallery

w/c

multipurpose worshop

main hall

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT / As mentioned above, the main concept of the interior was allowing the users to interpret the space according to their needs, while increasing the chances of accidental engagements within. Therefore, an open plan space with manoeuvrable curtains, wide adaptable seatings, and monotone material palette was considered to allow different interpretations to transform the space. In addition, the centralized circulation, prolonged circulation towards the bar, and the use of translucent/transparent materials allowed the users to engage with people they might not usually encounter. These ideas, married to the Seungsu area’s car repair shop textures, allowed me to design the interior with rich industrial textures.

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1 Stainless steel backdrop planning 2 Stainless steel corner detailing 3 Artificial lighting plan 4 Main space led planning 5 Perforated stainless ceiling plan 6 Perforated stainless ceiling cut,fold plan 7 Hard seating construction plan 8 Stool design detail

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THE PROCESS / although this project was an interior design project, I was able to experience a project from the concept stage to the final completion. By having the chance to engage with clients, the construction professionals, and the stakeholders as a single designer, I was able to better understand their needs and how I could better engage and sometimes persuade them. In addition, working on site with the construction professionals, I was able to gain first hand experiences into how the various materials come together and the flexible integrity needed to manage the site.

1 Concept Design / client meeting, site meeting, interior investigation

2 Demolition / floor & ceiling demolition, designing in detail on site

3 Site Management / managing construction, floor and ceiling construction

4 Finalizing / Design with actual measures, Getting ready for opening

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COMIC USER SCENARIO ORIENTED DESIGN : V i s u a l N a r ra t i ve s Fo r User Centric-Design Method

COMIC USER SCENARIO ORIENTED DESIGN : V i s u a l N a r ra t i ve s Fo r User Centric-Design Method Project duration : 2018 / 2019 Project detail : Master’s specialist project Type : Individual project Program used : Autocad, Rhino, Ps, Tablet/Hand drawing

For the master’s specialist project, I studied the value of comic user scenario as a design method. Starting off with a research on the process of design, I highlighted the possibility of comic user scenario as a quality user oriented design. This project originated from the criticism that the 5th year final design thesis utilized this method only at an elemental level of text, where the visualization and the method’s use throughout the design process could have resulted in an increased user empathetic design. Therefore, in addition to the qualitative research on relative literatures, a design exercise was devised to test the comic user scenario method within an actual design process for designing a nursery.

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Design Process / In these recent studies, common features that can be found in the recent examples is a more flexible system within a generic boundary of expansion and compression. The expansion phase, also called the divergence phase, is a stage where the designer explores an array of design problems to seek a number of feasible opportunities, whereas the compression phase, also called the convergence stage, can be understood as reducing the scope and making decisions.

LITERATURE REVIEW / Through literature review, it was possible for me to gain qualitative understanding of the design process and how the user scenario could be used as a design method.

The design process, unlike computerized algorithms, is a flexible and a cyclic process that has a generic divergent and convergent phase throughout the project. Within the design process, the user scenarios enable a user oriented design by heightening the user empathy during the design process. In addition the method allows the designer to structure and frame the architectural ideas to deliver a cohesive project. The user centred approach is furthered by the use of comic, as the design decisions are made with graphic spatial experience which unfolds through the narrative of the presented user. The friendliness of the medium also allows different stakeholders, especially users who do not have architectural knowledge, to take part in the process of design.

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Emapthy / In a design method research “Humanizing design through narrative inquiry�, Dr. Sheila Danko (2006, pp.19) found that writing a user scenario could help designers design with a deeper emotional contact with the fictional user. The increased level of empathy towards the users allowed designers to step back from their personal bias and question their assumptions as designers by looking at the spatial experience from the user’s perspective.

Structuring & Framing / Rather than giving the same credit to he numerous aspects of design, the designer has to hierarchize and structure the overall project where the discrete parts of the different considerations can come together. In this context, the user scenario helps the designer organize the somewhat chaotic events, entities, and people into a cohesive meaning structure around the presented user by connecting them into a single story that has its internal logic

Comics / Rather than giving the same credit to he numerous aspects of design, the designer has to hierarchize and structure the overall project where the discrete parts of the different considerations can come together. In this context, the user scenario helps the designer organize the somewhat chaotic events, entities, and people into a cohesive meaning structure aroune the presented user by connecting them into a single story that has its internal logic 27

TESTING THE METHOD / In the second part of the dissertation, I started to test the comic user scenario method in an actual design project as there were limited literature and precedents that directly linked the comic user scenario to the design method. To initiate the project, a brief for a nursery design was created, and the comic user scenario was utilized throughout the design process to be analysed. At the start of the design process, the comic allowed the designers to 28

focus the scope of research towards the user needs, thus orienting consecutive research to the previous studies. From the mid stages of the project, the method allowed different decisions to be made upon the context of the overall narrative and the hierarchy created by combining the different stories. Through to the end of the project, the consistent development of comic allowed me to deliver a cohesive project by constantly structuring and balancing the information gathered.

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URBAN MONTESSORI : Public Education Institute for All Ages

URBAN MONTESSORI : Public Education Institute for All Ages Location : Plaza Remonta, Madrid, Spain Program : future Education institute for all ages Project year : 2017 / 2018 Size : 9200m2 Project detail : Stage5 Thesis project Type : Individual project Program used : Autocad, Rhino, Ps, Ai

The ‘Urban Montessori ’ is a public education institute for all ages located in Tetuan, Madrid. Imagining a future Madrid where the universal basic income allowed Madrilenians with a significant increase in leisure time, the project tests the role of architecture as a means for solving rising issues concerning lack of personal development and

Maria Montessori

community cohesion caused by this new social reform. Starting from the researches on the Montessori pedagogies and Herman Hertzberger’s educational buildings, studies on the educational paradigms and precedent studies followed to structure architectural strategies and tactics. The culmination of these studies was an architectural device that allowed the group and individuals to interpret the spaces as they wished, while increasing engagement between the community and the users as a whole.

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R.1 : 2049 Educational Reform Madrid “ To stimulate life, leaving it free, however, to unfold itself, that is the first duty of the educator” - Maria Montessori he year is 2049. Madrid, facing a difficult time with the economic crisis during the early 2000s,a have developed their High-tech industries to regain it’s competitiveness within the global economy. Similar to the situations in the previous industrial revolution, mechanization of labour allowed people to work significantly less than he past. With the help of the universal basic income, labour was adequately distributed among the citizens, and 15-hours work week has become a norm for the Madrilenians. With the radical increase of productive leisure time, the main purpose for human existence

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shifted from work to play. However, due to this sudden increase of leisure time, social issues arose concerned with finding the reasons for human existence without labour and loss of community cohesion within a society of max customization.

Therefore, a radical reformation was needed for the education system. From the traditional K-12 education system that focused on vocational education, the new learning centre continues the idea of ‘Social individuality’ of Montessori education, putting its emphasis on empowering individuals to actualize oneself while embracing community cohesion by learning through play, physical activity,

2049 MADRID

financial crisis

universal basic income

increased free time

Lv.3 east multi-purpose Hall

Prospective Plan For Urban Montessori

Tetuan 1 JAN 2051

Chamartin 3 JAN 2052

Tetuan 2 FEB 2052 Chamartin 1 MAR 2052 Chamartin 2 FEB 2051

Chamberi 1 JAN 2051

Salamanca 1 OCT 2052

Centro 1 NOV 2052

Centro 3 MAY 2051

Centro 2 DEC 2051

Reitro 1 OCT 2051

Arganzuela 1 MAR 2051

and spiritual practices. This new learning centre will be open for all ages and will not be separated into specific age group like the traditional schools. Everyone will learn at their own pace with materials and facilities they want to use and come to school whenever they want. From the traditional schools that instructed and educated, this new learning environment will allow anyone to come and develop one-self, interact, express, focus, and engage.

In accordance to the ‘Educational reform 2049’, the Spanish government devises a long-term plan of adopting this new pedagogical idea to Madrid and strategical locations were selected to erect these new

learning centres around Madrid. Considering the impact of the new industrial revolution, the Government chooses Plaza Remonta, located in central Tetuan as the first site for these new ideas to unfold. This was due to the fact that Tetuan has the largest number of people working in manufacturing, wholesale, and construction, making them the most vulnerable to this new industrial revolution.

In the heart of Tetuan, Plaza Remonta was built in the 1980s, gathering a wide range of programs such as the elderly centre, primary school, middle school, shopping centre, culture centre, retail, and etc. to create a civic centre for the diverse mix of population within the area.

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STRATEGY & TACTICS Following the new pedagogical ideas of helping individuals actualize oneself and bring them together as a society, four main architectural strategies including interpretability, variation, connection, and accidental engagement was devised.

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STR. Community Cohesion

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(1. Connection, 2. Accidental engagement)

The other two strategies, which are connection and accidental engagement, relates to community cohesion. They are architectural elements that allow sensual interaction and coincidental engagement between the users. These two strategies allow a better understanding of other social groups, learning style and age groups which ultimately lead to community cohesion.

STR. Personal Development

(3. Interpretability, 4.Variation)

The interpretability and variation, which relate to self-development, are architectural elements that can be used in many different ways and allow the users to choose from various spatial options.

These two will allow individuals to constantly develop their ability to think about their preference rather than accepting their environment as they are given.

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TAC. Elaboration Of Strategies

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APPLICATION TO SITE / However, due to its inadequate scale and poor design, this square with a rich potential is left without activity and constant public request for a renovation. By rescaling and bringing the vibrance into the heart of the square, the ‘Urban Montessori for everyone’ devises moments for interpretation, choice, connection and accidental engagement, which ultimately allow the citizens to self-develop and bring them together as a cohesive whole.

Urban Connections

Rescaling The Square

Increasing Engagement

Venn Diagraming The Site

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DECONSTRUCTING THE OPEN PLAN & OPERABLE ACOUSTICS / Although there have been various attempts to explore the ideas of learning space within circulation spaces, acoustic interference has always made it difficult to push the ideas of an interactive open learning environment.

In traditional open plan learning spaces, the space is left as a one large space, creating minimal acoustic variance, which leaves the large open space with inadequate level of distractions. Therefore, enclosed spaces are broken down and spread around the floor to create diversity in acoustic properties. These spaces are further acoustically enhanced with the use of operable architectural elements. This study focuses on the small, medium large spaces on the west wind on the 2nd floor.

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ECO PRINT : Sustainable 3D Printing Studio

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ECO PRINT : Sustainable 3D Printing Studio Location : Altyre estate, Forress, Scotland Program : Sustainable 3D printing Workshop Project year : 2015 / 2016 Size : 2000 m2 Project detail : Stage3 main project Type : Individual project, Building extension Program used : Autocad, Rhino, Ps, Ai

The ‘Eco Print’ is a research lab that develops sustainable 3D printing technology and act as a hub to introduce sustainable 3d printing to the highlanders. After Scotland‘s shipping industry had fallen, Scotland has mainly been relying on banking and tourism. However, there hasn’t been a particular first or secondary industry that could stabilize and the Scottish economy. Therefore, the site, located in the centre of the highlands and surrounded by abundant natural resources, was the perfect location for the ‘Eco Print’ to deliver this new technology to the people in Scotland and step forward to grasp the new technology in advance. Trying to construct user’s thoughts into cherishing both the creative thinking and the actual realization of these thoughts, the desk labs were surrounded around a central sustainable printing workshop in order to expose both spaces to the users at all times.

surrounded by natural resources

interpreting the existing building

Exposure to central idea

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site plan

structural model

ARCHITECTURAL STRATEGY / The original building was once a farm owners property vacant for several years. The proposal was to add new interventions to allow the site with purposeful use.

Therefore, a small workshop space was designed on the south of the site to provide a frame centred around the spaceframe covered 3d printing workshop. The 3D artifacts printed from the workshop will be exhibited on the south of the building where the public can learn and enjoy the products produced.

Sectional Perspective 48

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BOOKWORM : Circulation Design for a Library

BOOKWORM : Circulation Design for a Library Location : Jamsil, South Korea Program : Library Project duration : 2015 Size : 3000m2 Project detail : Internship project Type : Team project Program used : Autocad, Rhino, T-Spline, Ps, Ai

The ‘Bookworm’ project was a proposal for a government led library project located in the area of Jamsil, Seoul.

Led by professor Seo-Hyun, 2 master’s student and myself was responsible for developing a conceptual design of the Library. The concept of this project was to create a bookworm shaped circulation that gradually moved through the spaces, allowing the creation of multiple series of short staircases, where the users can sit and re-adapt on their preferences. My role in this project was to design the overall circulation, shaped in the form of a bookworm roaming through stacks of books. After the initial massing and spatial distribution analysis, I started to sketch a fluid circulation, which I then modelled it in 3D using T-spline, an extension program for Rhino. The renderings and a transparent laser cut model I produced was presented at the end to the Seoul city council.

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B A R C LY D E ’ S : Rooftop Bar / Restaurant Location : Finnieston, Glasgow, UK Program : Restaurant, Bar Project year :2016 Size : 250m2 Project detail : stage 3 project Type : Group project with Engineering, QS Students Program used : Revit, Autocad, Rhino, Ps, Ai

The ‘Bar Clyde’ is a rooftop bar and restaurant located on top of an artist and venue space SWG3. The site is located on top of an isolated former industrial building with stunning view towards the river Clyde. As the restaurant was surrounded by rich industrial texture and a panoramic view towards the river, the concept was to emphasize and continue these unique qualities in order to offer Glaswegians with a special venue in a city where there are only few bars that have open view towards the river. This project was also a project that was developed with an engineering and, quantity surveying students. Developing the project alongside students from different disciplines, the project provided me with an opportunity to understand the actual design process as a project manager and architect.

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1 Black Steel Gutter 2 Roof / 5mm EPDM sealant layer 250mm rigid polyurethane insulation air tightness layer 180mm Open web truss beam 20mm reclaimed oak finish 3 Blind To Avoid Overheat, Glare 4 Glazed Wall / 20mm thick double glazing in 2400mm height black steel frame Universal column 56

5 Roof To Restaurant Detail / 80mm steel ground beam Steel connection to connect onto existing structure 6 Floor / 180mm Open web truss beam 90mm composite metal deck slab over corrugated steel deck 190mm Rigid polyurethane insulation 18mm Concrete tile flooring 7 Wall / 20mm Black corrugated steel cladding 27mm Square section steel to fix cladding Water tightness layer 60mm Rigid insulation 190mm insulation between steel column 15mm mortar 10mm proclain tile finishing

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I N ST I T U T I O N FO R C R E AT I V I T Y & A RTS : Co m p e n d i u m fo r t h e C re a t i ve C l a s s

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I N ST I T U T I O N FO R C R E AT I V I T Y & A RTS : Co m p e n d i u m fo r t h e C re a t i ve C l a s s Location : Finnieston, Glasgow, UK Program : Creative studios and workshops Project year : 2016 / 2017 Size : 1500m2 Project detail : Stage 4 main project Type : Individual project Program used : Autocad, Rhino, Ps, Ai

The ‘institution for Creativity and Arts’ is an urban compendium that attracts the creative class by providing them with an array of functional, adaptable, and transparent spaces that allow artists to self-develop and interact. The project started off by analyzing Glasgow’s transformation towards a creative economy and the needs of the ‘Creative class’. The study resulted in an architecture that promotes and nurtures the post-modernist values of the creative economy by becoming a prominent monument within Finnieston, while allowing artists to self-develop by constantly selecting and interpreting the spaces to their needs. This self-developing process of artists is furthered by bringing people in the disjointed artist studios right behind the site the constant exposure to the various activities that unfolds within the institution.

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approach from north

SITE INVESTIGATION / Finnieston is one of the busiest and popular streets in Glasgow. However, as a compact commercial street, monumental buildings and greenaries are offset from the site.

Therefore, bringing these qualities back to the heart of the Finnieston area to create identity and an enjoyable urban experience was the key urban strategy. Coming closer, the site is located in the most central location of the busy retail area of Finnieston. It is also one of the few intersections of streets from Kelvingrove park and the Argyle st. Therefore, the site has great potentials as a public building and create a platform for the creative people to gather. To the south, the Hidden lane, comprised of artist studios and small shops, is adjacent to the site. In between these two, an abandoned railway line runs between and underneath the site. the strategy was to make use of this space as a stage for diverse activities to unfold where the rich industrial stone texture and greenary adds charm to the space.

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landmarks offset from site

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monumentality / spatial adequacy

Connectivity

Atrium

Spatial diversity

Adaptability

floating

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT / The building program was to allow diverse activities and gathering to unfold. Therefore, the initial idea was to provide large spaces that they don’t have in their individual studios. Responding to the site conditions, these spaces were centred around the atrium for concept and environmental control. Key concepts were to allow various creative people to connect and be inspired by the diverse activities within the building. To house the activities, neutral spaces that could transform to user’s changing needs was important. A floating upper floor was also composed to allow transition from the public to the private

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Steel structure for upper floors Secondary circulation Main circulation U Glass external finish Concrete texture interior finishes

Lv.1 main hall

LOWER FLOORS / Entering the building, visitors are welcomed into the heavy and low covered entrance which leads to the lively double height main event space where different events such as performances, food fairs, and concerts happen. Moving up through the prolonged central circulation, there are gallery spaces on the first and second floor, where different creative people can exhibit their works to the public.

cafe

gallery main Hall plant room

Garden floor, UG plant room plan 68

Lv.1 plan

Lv.3 plan

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computer space balcony

library

multipurpose studio1

Lv.4 plan

Lv.5 plan

artist studio

Lv.7 plan

UPPER FLOORS / As one continues to move up, one arrives at a glazed surrounded library, a transition point that sits between the lower public, and the upper semi-public spaces. Walking up towards the semi-public spaces, the computer space, multipurpose rooms, music studio, and artist studio looks onto the central atrium space. As these spaces are centred around this atrium, users can easily see and hear what is going on in the different spaces, creating seamless continuation of spaces

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SLIM DECK FLOOR / For the floor construction, slim deck construction was used to minimise the use of construction materials as it can span less with smaller amount of concrete. This also allow thin floor section which helped to achieve slightly larger spaces as the site is small.

This was achieved by wider flange on the bottom of the I beams, and reinforced concrete on top of the steel decking which will act as a whole composite structure.

Then, to let reduce the span of the steel decking, they will be laid orthogonal to the longer span of

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A 1 200mm hollow core plates between I beams 2 In-situ concrete 3 50mm polyurethane insulation 4 65mm screed with underfloor heating B 1 80mm pre-cast concrete panels 2 20mm steel section for ceiling support 3 80mm C steel section for ceiling support and allow services 4 270mm pre-stressed, reinforced concrete 5 50mm polyurethane rigid insulation 6 65mm screed with underfloor heating

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C 1 350mm pre-stressed, reinforced in-situ concrete with waterproof treatment 2 80mm concrete fixed rigid insulation 3 vapor retarding layer 4 80mm pre-cast concrete D 1 400mm pre stressed,reinforced in-situ concrete with waterproof treatment 2 80mm rigid insulation 3 vapor retarding layer 4 70mm screed with underfloor heating

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ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY

Environmental Control / For heating, the atrium and large openings on the south side attracts direct sunlight. When the weather is hot, cool fresh air is attracted from the vertical windows on the exterior faรงades. By the stack pressure created within the atrium, the hot air is disposed through the openings on the top and side of the atrium.

Circulation / In addition to the central circulation, a lift and an alternative staircase is located on the south of the building, considering the regular users and the visitors. The main circulation allows the users to experience the whole building and the activities within, while the south staircase acts as a fireescape and allows the user to experience the external activities.

Acoustics / As the main space will hold sound heavy events, irregular volume of the atrium space and concrete textured acoustic ceiling finish helps to achieve adequate acoustics.

Spatial categorizing and isolation with material finishes also help control the acoustics.

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back 73 garden

Herman Hertzberger’s Montessori school Delft Amsterdam (1966)

Kyu Hyun Song +44 (0) 790 323 9912 +82 (0) 10 8438 0663 k.song416@gmail.com