7.1.2. Case study- Consumption spaces of Delhi (2007

security rather than in an isolated location when they know that they can be seen. For the same reason, vendors often play an important role in improving visibility in public spaces by being 'eyes on the street'.

7.1.3. Case study- Consumption spaces of Kolkata (2017)

The most recent case study of Kolkata focused on NCSs (New locations for sales, such as shopping centres and department stores) in comparison to the market streets in earlier studies. In the last decade, the newly opened malls and department stores also approximate a ‘new’ private space for the middle and upper class woman. It is true that NCSs give women new freedoms to stroll around the area, to discover new incursions by items and individuals that were culturally odd on their native grounds. But even within NCSs, women's accessibility continues to operate within specific socio-cultural encodings. NCSs also prefer affluent, more mobile, demographic portions that dominate new or gentrified areas. Such identities focused on consumption unite individuals with different purchasing powers in search of common patterns of consumption; on the other hand, they establish social distances between people with different lifestyles belonging to the same class positions. In such a scenario, consumption becomes an instrument for differentiating certain divisions of the new middle class with the cultural capital required.

7.2. Primary survey study

A right to everyday life which is built up from ordinary practices and experiences of life seem to be harder for women to achieve than men.

● Connectivity to the public transport system: Lack of safety and security in public transport affects women‘s human rights and their ability to participate equally in the city. From the survey, it was observed that women are more dependent on the public transport system than men. ● Visibility and openness/Social influences: While space may be physically accessible and may not have distinct barriers for women, it is still not open to them socially or psychologically (Desai, 2007). Even though the responses indicate that women generally avoided crowded, isolated and unhygienic spaces

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