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8. Analytical Geometry Grade 10
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Distance between two points
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A point is an ordered pair of numbers written as (x; y).
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Distance is a measure of the length between two points.
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The formula for finding the distance between any two points is:
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Gradient between two points
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The gradient between two points is determined by the ratio of vertical change to horizontal change.
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The formula for finding the gradient of a line is:
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A straight line is a set of points with a constant gradient between any two of the points.
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The standard form of the straight line equation is y = mx + c.
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The equation of a straight line can also be written as
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If two lines are parallel, their gradients are equal.
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If two lines are perpendicular, the product of their gradients is equal to −1.
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For horizontal lines the gradient is equal to 0.
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For vertical lines the gradient is undefined.
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Mid-point of a line The formula for finding the mid-point between two points is:
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For more practice or to ask an expert for help on this section see: www.everythingmaths.co.za Shortcode: EMACV
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