Atlas all

Page 1


The atlas that you hold in your hand is a documentation of our collective research about Le Havre, a city in a highly dynamic and complex area of France. Le Havre with its surrounding region, at the shore of both the English Channel and the river Seine, is not only a beautiful and historically interesting area, but also a place of national as well as growing European interest. The estuary of the Seine links Paris, and thereby France and the EU, with the world through trade and shipping, giving it great strategic importance. This atlas builds on the knowledge and generous help of the AURH, the CODAH and the port of Le Havre among others, and can be seen as a complement to their extensive research about the city. Their enthusiasm and support have been invaluable for this project and we would like to give them our sincere thanks.


Urban growth and urban decline are situated next to each other and interact, so that urban growth and deline melt together - creating a dynamic, urban patchwork.



Le Havre Fastest Shrinking Cities World Map

The shrinking cities population graph shows the top ten fastest Shrinking Population cities in the world during 2012 – 2013. By including Le Havreit is possible to compare the rate of population shrinkage by comparing the gradient of the line, the steepest being the fastest shrinking city over this period. Le Havreisn’t shrinking as fast a rate to the other cities but it’s possible to assume Le Havreis still shrinking and the rate could become more intense.

World’s Fastest Shrinking Cities Shrinking Cities Graph


LE HAVRE


France Le Havre

Le Havre

SURROUNDING CITIES POPULATION

Rouen

Caen

By comparing the population of French cities with similar volumes it is possible to see whether the cities population is increasing, decreasing or at a steady rate. The angle of the line indicates the rate at which the population is expanding or shrinking, Le Havre’s population is decreasing showing the rate in the steepness of the line, Le Havrebeing the only city shrinking within the character group. Interestingly the surrounding cities of Le Havre, Rouen and Caen are not shrinking and appear stable.

The surrounding cities diagram shows the size of the population in comparison to Le Havre, Rouen and Caen have very similar sized populations and show evidence of having a stable population over the past ten years. Were as Le Havreis decreasing yet Rouen and Caen seem to be stable and not drastically increasing implying people are migrating from Le Havreto cities further than the surrounding cities.

Population - Frech Cities



Le Havre

Shrinking Population

Le Havre- Population

250

Population (thousands)

Over the past 25 years, Le HavrePopulation has drastically increased and decreased due to different economic forces affecting the population. Up until World War 2 the population was generally increasing, the war caused an extreme decrease in the population, as Le Havrerebuilt itself after the war the population began to increase up until 1975 then after this period of time the population has decreased 1 people per year up until today. Currently there is no direct reason to why the city is shrinking but a combination of indicators and factors can be considered to try to understand how we could resolve with the situation.

Age Distribution

Le Havre’s population distribution is different to the typical shape of most cities, its highest population age group being 15 – 29 and decreasing as the age becomes older implies Le Havreon average has a very young average age in comparison to most cities. This helps to understand why the city is shrinking and steer us towards areas to focus on to try and reduce the number of people migrating but also to attract people to live and stay within Le Havre.

200 150 100 50 0 50 100 150 200 1800

Age Distribution

250

2000

1900 Year

75 60-74 45-59 30-49 15-29 0-14 50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

Population (thousands)

30

40

50



Contents Chapter 1 1:100 000 1.1 Water, Environment 1.2 Land, Environment 1.3 Food 1.4 Mobility Chaper 2 1:20 000 2.1 Water, Environment 2.2 Topography 2.3 History 2.4 Mobility 2.5 Urbanity 2.6 Human Resource Chaper 3 1:10 000 3.1 Space 3.2 Culture



Chapter 1 1:100 000


The course of the river Seine from Rouen to Le Havre and the English Channel


Le Havre Water

Water has, more than anything else, shaped the history of Le Havre and the area around it. Water surrounds the city and penetrates its core, the waves of the English Channel beats against its shoreline, water comes up from the ground, it falls from the sky and it rushes over the riverbed of the Seine, out into the ocean. This multitude of water has been a blessing and a challenge for Le Havre. It was the reason the city was founded at all, the reason it grew and became wealthy, the reason why impressionist artists came again and again to try to capture the changing light over waves and clouds; but also the reason the city was destroyed in such a terrible way during the second world war. Regardsless of the character of the historic events, water has always, and continues to, define the city. The river Seine collects water from an area of 78600 km ² in the Paris basin, and through a river system of 23 000 km of watercourses it brings 14 billion cubic meters of water down to the sea every year. On its way it flows through Paris, connecting the capital city with the city of Le Havre and the English Channel, that in turn connects both cities with the world through trade and shipping.

Le Havre

Rouen

Paris

The Paris Basin and the full length of the Seine.


Baie de Seine

Le Havre

Lower estuary Salty water The estuary, area affected by the tide

Middle estuary Brackish water


Le Havre Water

The Estuary

The port of Le Havre seen from the Seine Source: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LP94QdcETjI/Uh-

QHdcp7ZrI/AAAAAAAACSk/fum_nooMM6Q/s1600/ port+du+havre+vu+d’Honfleur+avec+nuages.JPG

Mudflats exposed at low tide Source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P2i6R1Qj7RU/UjWM3urU7uI/

AAAAAAAACFE/Pddx1MVtWdA/s640/DSC_2237.JPG

Wetlands along the river, part of the Nature reserve Source: http://www.pompanon.fr/photos/sd/a/s/x-

/4f44230e8f816.jpg

An estuary is defined as an area of a river that is under the influence of the tide of an ocean. For the Seine, it is the last 160 km, from the Poses dam upstream to the eastern part of the Baie de Seine downstream. It also includes the floodbanks and wetlands along the river. The Seine estuary can be divided into three zones with different characteristics: the upper estuary, the middle estuary, and the lower estuary. The hydrological functioning of the Seine estuary is influenced by several factors: the flow of the Seine with alternating low water (during summer) and flood (during winter); the tide from the sea; lateral inflows from tributaries, groundwater and runoff; and meteorological parameters (rainfall , wind and atmospheric pressure). This all leads to the estuary being a rich , complex and dynamic environment, with an appearance and functioning that vary not only throughout the year, but also during a day. The tide has the biggest influence on the water levels. During spring tide , the avarage tidal range is greater than 7m in the mouth and reaches 3.5m in Rouen. During neap tide it is lower : at the mouth 3m and 2m in Rouen. The tidal wave is stopped artifically by the Poses dam. This and other human interventions have altered the hydrodynamics of the Seine drastically. Rouen

The Poses dam

Upper estuary Freshwater


The Estuary of the Seine, 1750 Source: http://mmcdn4.hosting-media.net/wp/fr/40402/SeineHist. jpg


Le Havre Water

1750

1900

1961

1866

1921

2009

The Evolution of the Seine The Seine was early on considered an economic asset for Paris and the other cities along its course. Up until the middle of the 19th centuary Seine was still more or less undeveloped, making navigation on the river very difficult and dangerous. The river bed was broad, shallow and unstable, and especially the estuary behaved in a very unpredictable way, taking the form of an everchanging landscape of channels and sandbanks. A ship going up the river had to fight not only the mobile islands and banks but also currents, a strong tide and heavy mist. Specially trained pilots worked as navigators on the Seine, guiding ships on their way to Rouen. The river was so unpredictable that a pilot that had been away from work for more than 4 days was not allowed to pilot a ship without first talking to a colleague with knowledge of the latest changes in the river. As the ships grew bigger, the problems increased and with the establishment of railways in the middle of the 19th century the ship trade up the river was threatened, putting strain on the port in Rouen in particular. Beginning in 1848 the Seine was slowly changed, making ship journeys both faster and safer. Embankments were gradually built to stabilize the navigation channel. This was combined with dredging to help increase and maintain the water depth; draining of marshlands; filling of shallow water; the creation of dams etcetera. This changed the appearance of the waterway enormously, reducing the total area of the estuary from 4360 ha in 1750 to 170 ha in 2005, and the number of islands from 117 to 19 during the same period. Today the estuary is strongly influenced and shaped by human activities, and maintenance in the form of dredging, dike building and so on is still necessary to maintain the navigation channel. Big volumes of sediments are being removed every year, up to a million cubic meters of mud, silt and sand annually.

Dredging in the Seine, 1st ofDecember 1931 Source: http://img-dad.cg78.fr/ExpoSeine/img/PresentationOeuvre/2/hd/231_5_3S.jpg



Le Havre

Caen Climate Graph in Metric Units

Environment

Climate Graph of Le Havre

Precipitation in mm

Feb Apr May Jun July

Climate Graphs for Closest locations to Caen, France

Aug

The total per year b

pr

y

n

Jul

Aug

Significant Wave Height in metres on Sunday 18 May at 2pm CEST

Paris, France Climate Graph

Max Wave energy on Sunday 18th may at 2pm

Le Havre Beach Swell Statistics, May: All Swell – Any Wind

Sea Level Pressure in Millibars Sunday 18 May at 2pm

The figure illustrates the combination of swells directed at Le Havre Beach through an average May. It is based on 1725 NWW3 model predictions since 2007 (values every 3 hours). The wave model does not forecast wind or surf right at the shore so we have chosen the optimum grid node based on what we know about Le Havre Beach. In the case of Le Havre Beach, the best grid node is 6 km away (4 miles). Source: Surfforecast.com, Country. France: Region: Normandy. Date 18May2014 at 1430

Source:Climatemps.com Search. Surfforecast.com



Le Havre Food

From the west La Manche washes the shores of Normandy, from the northest the the fertile fields roll towards the Le Havre. There is no surprise then that this exciting combination has embossed the unique agricultural heritage into the Norman landscape and into the souls of local communities. One can taste the dairy products, exceptional cheeses with centuries of tradition.with In the Upper Normandy one can find the fields of cereals, flax and potatoes.



D

Le Havre Food

Organic farming A food product of organic agriculture results from a type of production free of synthetic chemicals. Organic farming is based on respect for natural balance, prefers cultural practices preserving the environment and ensures the agricultural, economic and social sustainability of farming. Since 1 January 2009, the new European regulation on organic production, and how it is labelled, came into force. This regulation is known as RCE 889/2008.

19 %

Conversion from conventional agriculture to the status of organic farming takes at least 2 years when the the entire operation of a farm must be transformed in order to gain certificate (conversion of land and animals simultaneously). All rules must be respected during this period but the products cannot be sold in the biological circuit. An annual inspection is required by an accredited independent organization of the state. An annual notification of biological activity is required to Agence Bio.

81 % 19 % 81 %

Organic farms in Normandy are on rise. Since 1995 their number has grown 7 times with the increase of 12% between 2010 and 2013.

ARABLE LAND

DAIRY COWS

66 % 76 %

VEGETABLES

131 200 437 300

The orientation of organic farms still reflects the traditional production of Normandy: cattle (milk and meat) and grains, vegetable and fruit (including cider apples), followed by other diverse products - sheep (almost exclusively for meat), laying hens, fragrant plants, aromatic and medicinal plants, broilers, goats, pigs, bees ...

SEAFOOD

40 % 600 km

60 %

53% FRA average

6% SMALL FARMERS

ARABLE LAND

94%

AGRIBUSINESSES

44% SMALL FARMERS

BUSINESSES

sandy soils + sea mist carrot turnip leek beetroot lettuce cauliflower

1st FRA 1st FRA 2nd FRA 2nd FRA 2nd FRA - 35 species 6th FRA

85 species 80 000 t/year (3rd FRA) shellfish oysters clams whelk mussels

25% 40% 60% 90% 80%

FRA FRA FRA FRA FRA

56%

AGRIBUSINESSES

DAIRY COWS

http://www.cra-normandie.fr/agriscopie-AB.asp



Le Havre Food

Supermarkets Supermarket Bakeries Bkeries Restaurants Restaurants Agri-food business businesses(20-200 (20-200 employees) Agri-food employees)



Le Havre Food

Traditional Markets There are still some traditional food markets in Le Havre, offering local and seasonal products (such as vegetables, fruit, meat, dairy products and seafood) . They act as a direct link between the producers and the customers, between the countryside and the city. Especially in the ‘upper town’, some stall markets regurarly rotate within the neighbourhoods as they are not permanent but mostly on a ‘once a week’ basis.

Tue Fri

Thu

In the lower town, more frequent markets are concentrated in and around the Unesco centre with a permanent market called Les Halles Centrales and a fish market.

Wed Sat Tue

Fri

Mon Thu/Sat

Fri

Tue/Thu/Sat

Wed/Fri

Fri Mon/Wed/Fri

Sun

Opening hours

Mon/Wed/Fri Wed/Fri 7/7

Les Halles Centrales

8:30 19:30

7/7 Fish market

9:00 19:30

13:30

Stall markets

7:30

Market (more than once a week) Fish market Market (once a week) 7/7

Market (7 days a week) Cliff line

http://www.foiresetmarches.com/ http://geo.lehavre.fr/


https://www.flickr.com/photos/


Le Havre Mobility

Le Havreis a major French city located some 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Rouen on the shore of the Channel and at the mouth of the Seine. Le Havreis located in between the coast of the Channel from south-west to north-west and the estuary of the Seine to the south. Regionally, Le Havreis connected with other European countries by trains and airway. It is also communicated with the UK by water way.

Le Havre Rouen

Paris

Le Havre

2 hours Train

Paris

Key City Ferry to Portsmouth, UK River Seine Railway Autoroute Cycle route to Paris


https://www.flickr.com/photos/


Le Havre Mobility - Waterway

European Cruise to Le Havre IJmuiden (Netherland)

Le Havre is an important part of cruise lines networking the European countries

Southhampton (United Kingdom)

Atlantic Ocean

Saint Peter Port (Guernsey)

Le Havre (France)

Bibao (Spain) Vigo (Spain

Lisbon (Portugal) http://www.msccroisieres.fr/

Portsmouth, UK

5 hours ferry

Le Havre


Octeville Airport-View from Air


Le Havre Mobility - Airway

Airport Location

Octeville Airport

Le Havre– Octeville Airport is an airport serving the city of Le Havrein France. The airport is located in Octeville-sur-Mer, 5 km (3 NM) north-northwest of Le Havre.

Autoroute to Airport

0

500m

Air Line

Octeville Airport Le Havre

Autoroute to Airport

Lyon

Lyon

2 hours flight

http://www.lehavre.aeroport.fr/

Le Havre

There is one direct flight route to city of Lyon in France at Octeville Airport. It takes 2 hours to Lyon in France as commuter jet. However no other direct air line from other cities of countries.


0

1

5

10km

Seine Eustuary

Primary Road

Railway

Secondary Road


Le Havre

Mobility-Regional Network

Neighbouring Cities

Le Havre

1 hour Train

Rouen


3

2

1

0

1km


Le Havre Mobility

The Le HavreRegion is consisted of 17 communes and a large industrial area in the lower part of the city. Its main railway station is situated in the lower city and close to a busy autoroute core. The railways in the industrial area also connects to its metropolitan rail station. The CODAH [The Agglomeration community of Le Havre (French: Communauté de l’agglomération havraise)]

City River Seine Railway Autoroute Cycle route to Paris 1

Pont V (Bridge V)

2

Pont VI (Bridge VI)

3

Pont VII (Bridge VII)

4

Pont VII Bis (Bridge VII)

5

Bridge to Normandie Bridge

4

5


City Railway Centre


Le Havre Mobility

the Hiking Routes of Le Havre

In Le Havre, plenty of green routes are provided for people who are interested in travelling without car. It is very important to improve urban evironment and reduce carbon foot print.



Chapter 2 1:20 000


Some examples of the varied water landscape in Le Havre Photos: Ales Seitl, Juliana Cedro Stock & Rebecka Gullstrand


Le Havre Water

Water in the City As important as the English channel and the river Seine is for the character of the bigger landscape surrounding Le Havre, as important are the basins, docks and canals for the character of the landscape within the city itself. There are 63 km of water edge in the city, from the beach, through the urbanised basins surrounded by Perret buildings in the heart of the city centre, to extensivly used docks in the port and the far reaching Canal de Tancarville stretching 25 km to connect the city with the Seine at Tancarville. Starting out as a fishing village, Le Havre was turned into a port city for trade and defence in 1517. It was constructed on marshland, painstakingly drained and dug out to form the first basin, Bassin du Roy, still existing today. Le Havre quickly became an important hub for shipping, importing coffee among other things. During the 18th century it was also a node in the booming slave trade, and as the ships grew bigger the port had to expand, leaving the old basins behind in the city centre, instead sprawling towards the south and the east, rapidly doubling in size again and again throughout the 19th century, a trend that continued during the 20th century as well as the volume of cargo handled in Le Havre exploded. The port, today France biggest for container traffic, keeps expanding, and a new area for handling of the biggest container ships, Port 2000, was taken into use in 2006.

The basins and canals of Le Havre

As the port has moved outside of the city, several old basins within the urban structure has been left behind, a gift to the city, a great potential for the future development of the public realm in Le Havre.

Le Havre in 1536, surrounded by marshland Source: http-//p3.storage.canalblog.com/32/32/406444/22599320.jpg

Le Havre in 1778 Source: http-//p4.storage.canalblog.com/44/10/406444/31562949.jpg

Vauban docks in 1883 Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Le_Havre._Bassin_Vauban_-_Les_Travaux_Publics_de_la_France.jpg


Low tide in Bassin du Roy Photo: Ales Seitl

High tide in Bassin du Roy Source:


Le Havre Water

Tide and Flooding Le Havre is, as have already been stated, both surrounded by and penetrated by water. Being a coastal town with numerous basins open to the sea the great tidal variation of the English Channel is clearly noticeable in the city every day. As can be seen in the two images of Bassin du Roy on the left, the difference between high and low tide is dramatic. The tidal range can be more than 8 m during spring tide and around 4 m during neap tide. The system of water bodies in Le Havre consists of tidal basins on one hand, completely open to the sea and therefore experiencing the daily tidal cycles in full; and regulated tidal docks on the other, set behind marine locks to ensure that the water height is kept on a level sufficient for maritime transit at all times. Having the tidal movements of the sea within Le Havre puts the especially the city centre under potential threat of flooding, under certain circumstances, during spring tide with strong winds coming in from the south or west, combined with low athmospheric pressure. The city has experienced flooding, especially frequent during the 1980’s, when water overflowed the historical basins into the low-lying Saint-François district. Sea-wall protection has been built up on the most vulnarable sides of the hitorical basins, to protect the city from future flooding. The predicted sealevel rise at Le Havre is 0.36 m by 2100. If a combination of spring high tide and atmospheric depression would occur then, the effect may be dramatic around the non-regulated tidal docks in the old town. The risk that this happens is minimal though, according to a Phd study by Sylvain Elineau (xx), though some additional protective walls or similar will have to be built as a precaution.

Saint-François district, high flood risk



Le Havre Water

Water City Le Havre was only a fishing village until 1517, when Francis I had a harbour built there named Havrede-Grâce (“Haven of Graceâ€?). Enlarged and fortified under the Cardinal de Richelieu and Louis XIV in the 17th century, it was adapted to accommodate bigger vessels under Louis XVI in the late 18th century and was further improved under Napoleon III in the mid-19th century. During World War II the Belgian government was transferred there for a short time after the fall of Antwerp and Ostend to the Germans. The port, rebuilt after World War II, has been expanded extensively since the early 1970s. Le Havre is the second port of France, after Marseille, and acts as an outport (seaward terminal for deep-draft vessels) of Paris. In 1976 a deep-water oil port was opened at Antifer, to the north of Le Havre. Restructuring of the existing port created specialized facilities for dry bulks and containers. The majority of traffic is imports, principally crude oil. Other port functions include ship repair and ferry services to England and Ireland. A large industrial zone linked directly to the port is the site of oil-refining, petrochemical, chemical, automotive, cement, and aeronautical-component industries. Together these activities represent a major concentration of employment in the lower Seine valley. Service and administrative functions have also developed, including a university and a growing tourist trade partly based on the yachting harbour and adjacent resort of Sainte Adresse.


6 water catchments feeding territory agglomeration of Le Havre: Yport, Radicatel, St. Lawrence Durecu, The Payennière and Rollevile. 55,000 m3 of drinking water produced daily in 4 factories water production of the Community. Le Havre. 55 million liters of water.


Le Havre Water

Water Catchment The water is collected from a source which naturally leaves earth, a watercourse or groundwater. in Agglomeration Le Havre, the majority are sources but also wells that capture this water in underground water.

A well is dug in the ground (drilling) for reach the water sometimes located up to 50 meters depth. A pump installed in the well draws water to be routed to a station production of drinking water.


Le Havre - Water Activities

Le Havre is as important a commercial port as it is a popular yachting destination. Its 2km of beach open onto the Seine estuary, once the backdrop for many Impressionist artists who loved the effect of the light, including Monet as seen in his "Sunrise at Le Havre". It is siutable for wide ranged of water sports such as Kayak, water sking, sailing and fishing etc.

Le Havre ferry port, connects Portsmouth UK to Le Havre France. For volume of traffice, Le Havre port is the second largest in France. Le Havre port also benefits from direct motorways linking to Rouen, Paris and the north of France. The “Normandy Bridge�, Honfleur, Deauville, Cotentin, le Mont Saint-Michel and the beaches of Normandy are all also easily accessible.

The port of Le Havre can accommodate all sizes of world cruise liners.[citation needed] Le Havre is one of the UNESCO cities. Due to its geographical location, on the Seine River mouth, at the entrance of the Channel, Le Havre is a gateway to Normandy and Paris. In 2010, Le Havre cruise port hosted 70 calls and 130,000 passengers and should, in 2011, accommodate 90 calls and 170,000 (+23%) with several maiden calls, including : AIDASol, Queen Elisabeth, MSC Opera, MSC Magnifica, Mein Schiff 2, Ventura and also calls from Aida Cruises, Costa, Princess Cruise or Cunard Line. Le Havre opened a new terminal[when?] to accommodate passengers in optimum[clarification needed] conditions. The terminal is fully equipped with a new baggage scanner, baggage handling area and check in counters.[citation needed] With the increasing popularity of cruises in Europe, Le Havre is becoming a handy starting port, especially for Northern Europe cruises.


Le Havre Water

Le Havre is one of the checking points of sailing competetion within Europe routes. Basins in Le Havre are used to park comprtetion ships in the resting season. For example the fleet of 44 boats sit at the docks around Le Havre's Paul Vatine basin one week before the start of the eleventh Transat Jaques Vabre transatlantic yacht race.

The Port of Le Havre is France's second port after Marseille. Much of the traffic passing through the Port of Le Havre is crude oil, but the Port of Le Havre is also important for its ship repairs and its ferry services to England and Ireland. The Port of Le Havre supports a large industrial zone that contains oil-refining, chemical, petrochemical, cement, automotive, and aeronautical industries. The Port of Le Havre contains growing service and administrative sectors and a growing tourist trade.

The port of Le Havre is the second commercial port in France in terms of overall tonnage after Marseille and the largest container port in the country. Between December 2004 and December 2005, the Port of Le Havre handled (in tons per year)



Le Havre History

Le Havre was founded on 8 October 1517 as a new port by royal command of François I partly to replace the historic harbours of Harfleur and Honfleur which had become increasingly impractical due to silting-up. The city was originally named Franciscopolis after the king then subsequently became Le Havre-de-Grâce ("Harbour of Grace") after an existing chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce ("our Lady of Grace").

1517

1541

1628

1843

1778

1820

1946

1901


Showing the harbour and quays protected the town defences.

1500

As a result of the discovery of America, the port gained in importance. King Francis commissioned architect J.Bellarmato from seine to plan an extension.

In 1525, a storm caused the death a hundred people and destroyed 28 fishi boats.

1600

Finding of Le Havre. The port of Le Havre waslittle more than a fish village.

1581

1541

1600

1525

1417

Louis XIV Richelieu expanded The old cita , and an ar

Le Havre Cathedral was built.

1583 1400

1627-1628

1564

1562-1563

It became the main departure for colonists seeking a life in the new world and who eventually create the first French colony at fart Caroline near Jacksonville in Florida.

The decision to establish a sea port by King Francis 1.

1536

1517

1415

English Fleets land in Normandy.

Le Havre occupied by the English, and in next year it was abandoned.

The first Protestant church was built in Le Havre in 16 in the district of Sanvic.

The construction began of a canal between Harfleur and the estuary of the seine.


Le Havre

18471848

1853

The port of Le Havre was the second largest in France after that of Nantes.

The railway arrived which allowed the opening up of Le Havre.

The effects of industrial revolution were increasingly visible in Le Havre . The first stream dredge was used in 1831

Growing dock system and the grid planlayout of the street.

The canal to Harflear opened, opening the way for industries along the river. The cod trade attracted ship owners to the port of Le Havre.

1700

1890

1843-1845

The Anglo-Dutch bombarded the city several times, notably in 1694 and in 1696

Time line1

In 1669, the Minister inaugurated the Havre to Harfleur canal which is also called the “canal Vauban�.

It from here that Lafayette started his trip to go to fight America.

1880

1778-1779

1669

h 600

190

1800 1810-1820

1696

1662

The king basin was reserved for the Royal Navy and the several hundred ships were constructed in the port of Le Havre.

1831

The city was the staging point for a planned French invasion of Britain. Le Havre began to grow , as trade from the west Indies was added to that of France and Europe

1789-1793

V and Cardinal u fortified and d the 17 century. adel was replaced rsenal was added.

1823

1759

History

Villa Ma


1897

1940

The port fell under German-occupation.

1944-1945

The effects of industrial revolution were increasingly visible in Le Havre . The first stream dredge was used in 1831

Town Hall was built.

Growing dock system and the grid planlayout of the street.

1901

.

18471848

1936

e Havre econd nce after

The railway arrived which allowed the opening up of Le Havre.

1853

1831

1823

The king basin was reserved for the Royal Navy and the several hundred ships were constructed in the port of Le Havre.

Allied forces began their assault to liberate the city from German occupation. Le havre in ruins during the winter. -12.500 building destroyed -80.000 people homeless

The liner Normandie began sailing in New York.

1949

Villa Maritime was built.

1951

1890

1843-1845

1810-1820

1930

1900

00

1913

1880

ayette started America.

St Joseph churc built, and finish 1958.

Le Havre was hono with the Legion of H award.


Economic difficulties due to de-industrialization saw.

2011

In 1995, The population of the Le In 1996, Havre area was about 191,000 Cultural heritage development specialist.

2006

1998-1999

End of ocean liner service to New York. In 1945, It has seen a dropn in population , during these years of industrial decline, the population fell by 18,000.

In 2005, the centre of Le Havre is named a UNESCO Heritage site. In 2006, create a new impetus for the development of culture business and tourism in the heart of the reconstructed city.

In 2011 there were approximately 12,000 students in all disciplines in Le Havre.

2000 In 2005, the centre of Le Havre is named a UNESCO Heritage site.

2009

Another notable architectural work of the central city is that of the House of culture built by the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and hick named ‘VOLCANO’ because of the shape of the build.

2005

The story continues

1982

ch was hed in

History

1974-1975

1970

t n

Le Havre

In 2009, the birth rate was 14.2 per thousand and the mortality rate was 9.4 per thousand.

1995-1996

ored onor

The rebuilt city centre was designated as a culturally protected area under ZPPAUP ( Zone for protection of urban landscape and Heritage).Reconstructed buildings could participate in the city night life.

THE TIME LINE OF LE HAVRE

Time line2


Le Havre History

The Old Way


Le Havre History

Museum of Natural History Museum


Le Havre History

Marlralux Museum


Le Havre History

Dock Vauban


Le Havre History

The Dubocage de Belleville Masion Muesum


Le Havre History

The University of Le Havre


Cathédrale Notre-Dame Villa Maritime Museum of Natural History Priory of Graville

Docks Vauban St. Joseph’s Church Town Hall

Malraux museum The Volcano The Dubocage De Belleville Mansion museum


Le Havre History

Significant Historical Buildings

Cathédrale Notre-Dame Built from 1575 to 1630. The North PortaThe Volcano l is called the Hail Mary, due to the inscription above the Flamboyant rose window.

Villa Maritime The Old house of the French dramaturge Armand Salacrou - 19th century

Museum of Natural History The museum was damaged during World War II. "The Museum of Natural History is housed in Le Havre’s former law courts, built in the mid-18th century; the façade and monumental staircase are listed as historical monuments.

Priory of Graville Today, Graville Abbey is the oldest building in Le Havre.

St. Joseph’s Church (350 feet) 109m high The Church of St. Joseph is one of the landmarks of Le Havre and contains the highest tower in France.

Town Hall This is designed by Auguste Perret 20th century. (74 meters high)

Malraux museum This museum houses a collection of art spanning the past five centuries; thecollections are the second most extensive in France after those of the Orsay Museum in Paris.

The Volcano - Cultural Centre (Le Volcan), designed by Oscar Niemeyer - 20th century.

Docks Vauban Shopping centre

The Dubocage De Belleville Mansion museum It shelters a permanent display about the history of Le Havre from the Second Empire to Fifth Pepublic, as well as temporary exbition.

Landmark and Historic Buildings of Le Havre



Le Havre History

Historic Context Following the Industrial Revolution, urban growth in France during the 19 century occurred somewhat anarchic fashion. There was no urban development plan to guide the reconstruction. Property speculation defined the city’s reconstruction, which makes the deplorable living conditions for neighbourhoods in Le Havre. There was no significant redevelopment activities until the outbreak of second world war. During the was, the city was bombed 132 times, which made 5000 dead, 12500 buildings destoryed and 80000 homeless. The port was unusable, 370 acres of city centre were reduced to ruins. All public and commercial buildings were destroyed. When le Havre was liberated, the city council again called on Félix Brunau, who designed a reconstruction plan based on the one drafted during the war. Te plan followed the same principle of rebuilding and took up the name and layout of earlier routes. In spring 1945, the MRU named Auguste Perret as head architect of Le Havre’s reconstruction, although an organization had already been established locally to oversee the city’s rebuilding. Perret immediately came into conflict with Félix Brunau on the very philosophy of the reconstruction. Perret called for a comprehensive urban redesign to free Le Havre from any constraint the former city might impose and to create a new, modern and rational city. The Atelier ’s members organized an internal competition to devise the urban solutions best suited for rebuilding Le Havre. Junction for Inspiration The post-war reconstruction plan of Le Havre is an outstanding example and a landmark of the integration of urban planning traditions and a pioneer implementation of modern developments in architecture, technology, and town planning. Le Havre is an outstanding post-war example of urban planning and architecture based on the unity of methodology and system of prefabrication, the systematic use of a modular grid and the innovative exploitation of the potential of concrete. The Perret Team's Principles of Composition Varied periods and schools of thought -- including the ancient, gothic, classical, modern, rationalist and the “health and hygiene” school -- influenced the principles established by the Atelier de la Reconstruction. The Perret School thus followed in the French classical tradition, while introducing a spirit of technical innovation and urban research. The World Heritage Site Le Havre The city of Le Havre was bombed during the Second World War.The destroyed area was rebuilt according to the plan of a team headed by Auguste Perret, from 1945 to 1964. The site forms the administrative, commercial and cultural centre of Le Havre. In 2005, Le Havre awarded World Heritage of humanity, UNESCO inscribed the central city as a World Heritage Site, and it also dedicated the city " the dream comes to reality."



Le Havre History

The Urban Design of Le Havre Urban Design Three major arteries linked the three areas central to Le Havre’s identity: The city centre, the sea and the port. These roadways are remarkable for their width and the regularity of the structures that compose them. They form what is known locally as the urban areas “Golden Triangle.” The rue de Paris and the avenue Foch, which form the citys north-south and east-west axes, make reference to the Cardo and Decumanus, the main streets of Roman cities. Two flagship edifices dominate the city, symbolizing the importance of its two powers – the political, represented by the tower of the Hôtel de Ville (235 feet), and the religious, represented by St. Joseph’s Church (350 feet).

Buildings that were painted must be stripped to restore their original appearance. Concrete fragments must be replaced so that they are identical to the larger support. As in the case of the Saint Joseph Church restoration, the problem is making repairs to the worked concrete. They must be carried out using particular mortars that reproduce the texture, granulometry and colour of the original concrete.

Architecture Perret's Buildings Space - Material : Reinforced Concrete Offered particularly interesting technical and economic features. It would lend the rebuilt city centre a wide range of colours and effects. - Classism The elements such as columns, capitals, entablature and cornices were constitutive of the remade facades. All contractions had a flat roof, initially added for extra space to compromise the buildings fifth facade. - Construction Framework The rebuilding of le Havre would be a large scale plan and huge commitment. Classical influence on the concept of volume is illustrated in perret's buildings Several designs give away the fact that perret's will is to create a hierarchy among the buildings construction levels including the crowning elements distributed in harmonious fashion to ensure aesthetic balance. - Comfort for All Comfort in terms of space was the first consideration. This legacy of the 19th century “bourgeois” apartment buildings led to generous ceiling heights, large glass doors with balconies, comfortable size rooms, large entry halls and the use of elegant building materials like worked concrete, wood (oak floors and cabinetry)and metal (wroughtiron balconies and joinery in the entries).Technical comfort followed with the introduction of the latest equipment, including shared forcedair heating, elevators, garbage chutes, bathrooms, toilets and kitchens with appliances. The Perret apartments were remarkable for the quality of their layout, reflecting post-war social developments. The rebuilding work lasted some 20 years, so the reconstruction site was a veritable testing ground for modern urban design and architecture. This avant-garde spirit, long misunderstood by the local population, is now becoming an integral part of Le Havre’sidentity.


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Soquence Gares

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MONTIVILLERS Gare Gares

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Le Havre History

Public Transport Route

LE HAVRE

MOBILITY

Mobility

Tramlines

Buslines

Buslines

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Le Havre History

Public Transport Route

LE HAVRE

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Le Havre Urbanity


Community Industrial


Le Havre Urbanity



Le Havre’s city centre - world heritage site - rebuilt from 1945 to 1964 according to the plan of a team headed by the architect Auguste Perret.

L’Eure - Boulevard Amiral Mouchez

Caucriauville - Rue de Londes and Av. du Mont le Comté

Dollemard

Les Neiges



Graville - Boiulevard de Graville, Rue Gustave Nicolle / Rue de la Vallée

Les Ormeauk - Cours de la République, Université du Havre

Graville / Aplemont - Av. Pablo Picasso

Graville - Boulevard de Leningrad, Rue Auguste Blanqui

Sanvic - Rue Romain Rolland, Rue Sardi Carnot



Le Havre’s city centre - Hôtel de Ville

Tourneville - Rue de la Cavée Verte

Le Havre’s Port - Route de la Pointe du Hoc

Bléville - Rue Jean Monnet

Mare au Clearc - Rue de l’Artois / Rue du Bois au Coq



Le Havre Urbanity

Saint-Joseph Church Saint Joseph church is a Roman Catholic church. This Church was built in 1951, and was reconstructed by the architect August Perret in the year 1957. The church’s interior has a Neo-Gothic style. The tower is 107 meters high. It is heavily lighted which makes it visible from sea.

Picture’s source: http-//www.babel-voyages.com/data/photos/ source/cloche_betonne_assez_austere_de_l_exterieur_eglise



Le Havre Urbanity

Hôtel de Ville Hôtel de Ville was built in the 16th, and 17th century. However, it got destroyed during the world war and was reconstructed. Its location is considered to be one of Europe’s largest public spaces. Climbing up the the tower gives one a full view of Le Havre city. Hôtel de Ville, was placed on UNESCO’s World Heritage list.

Picture’s source: http-//photos. wood.pagesperso-orange.fr/ photo%20hotel%20de%20ville



Le Havre Urbanity

Le Volcan Le Volcan, is a cultural center for Le Havre. Le Volcan was built in 1982 by the Brazilian architect Oscar Neimeyar. Oscar developed a white curved concrete that expressed a poetical form influenced by the modern movement. This concrete was made up of two levels. The upper level had a theater and cinema, while the lower was a concert hall for modern music. Picture’s source: http//static.panoramio.comphotoslarge18138857



Le Havre Urbanity

Stade OcĂŠane Stade OcĂŠane is now the home of Le Havre AC. It is a football stadium that is able to host 25,178 fans. The Stadium was inaugurated on July 12,2012. The cost for building this stadium was 101 million Euros.



Le Havre Urbanity

Le Havre’s Port and the Eletric Pylons The Port of Le Havre is the port and authority of the Normandy city Le Havre. The port is made up of series of canal docks and the Electric Pylons. These canals connect Le Havre to the Sienne. The port is the first conatiner port and the second commercial port in France. The marina accepts boats 24/7 and accomodates all size cruise liners.



Le Havre Urbanity

Le Havre’s Beach

Picture’s source: http//www. bhd-photo.comwp-contentuploads201306Kite-surfer-by-the-beach


EMPLOYMENT - ESTUARY


Le Havre Human Resource

Estuary Employment Sectors Administration Education – health – social action Service to individuals Services to companies Real estate activities Financial activities Transports Commerce Building Energy Intermediate goods industry Capital – goods industry Car industry Consumer goods industry Agribusiness & Food Industry Agriculture

Services Industry

Energy

Building

Commerce

City Employment Sectors

The Estuary Employment diagram allows you to compare different fields of work within Le Havre, Education, Health, and social is the largest employment field were as real estate, agriculture and consumer goods being the lowest. These figures help to understand why the city is shrinking and how different employment fields when increased could help respond to Le HavreShrinking Population. The sectors of employment diagram helps to generally look at the different industries of work within the city and to compare each area to one another. Services industry is the largest sector and Energy is the lowest but due to Le Havre’s new focus on renewable energy this is a sector looking to expand resulting in providing more jobs and increasing this particular employment sector in the future.


Education Sector


Le Havre Human Resource

No diploma CEP (primary studies certificate) BEPC (French “Brevet des colleges”) CAP (vocational education certificate) – BEP (technical school certificate) BAC (high school diploma) – BP (vocational high school diploma) BAC + 2 (high school diploma + 2 years of further higher education) BAC +3 (high school diploma + 3 years higher education)

Education Sector Distribution

The education sector distribution graph shows that the largest sector of education being vocational CAP and technical BEP level of qualification. In comparison, the smallest sector being the BAC + 3 years of higher education shows how Le Havrewith an abnormal average age population being very young must begin to respond to the growing needs of the university education sector within the city. Focus on this area of the education sector is a factor that could increase the population of Le Havreand counter the effects of a shrinking city.



Chaper 3 1:10 000



Le Havre Space

Public Space Le Havre's spaces are an important part of its urban fabric that provide variety to urban places, community centre's, multifunctionality, social inclusion but also barrier's to access and change. There are several distinct features of the community squares particularly their form in that they are defined by the perimeter road and then a line of single species trees within the boundary providing shelter to the site and green space. They are generally small in size and not uniform in shape but are tucked in where convenient. The community squares take it in turn to host markets throughout the week which means the centre's to all these places are relatively clutter free and all have hard surfaces. Lawn is rarely used unless the space is used more as a park or imitating a more English style garden. These squares are commonly next to churches and this has historical significance as the church in the past would have been the centre of the community with the surrounding public space used for markets. The more modern spaces are placed generally nearer to schools and are much bigger in size accomodating a variety of activities such as sports pitches, playground equipment, lawn area's as well as large and varied landscaping which usually involves changes in the topography and mixed borders. Downtown is the must significant area for modern spaces designed and built from 1945-64 by August Perret and his team. It's orthogonal grid creates large blocks of buildings and open spaces. These are higher profile sites than the community squares and provide a sense of place for the whole city of Le Havre. Perrets ambition for the city was to create a low density centre with lots of light and space. He was possibly inspired by the impressionists attraction to Le Havrefor its interesting light. The cities bassins which were built from as early as the 1600's form a network that roughly divides the city up into sections. They are now relatively unused to compared their hay day and provide leisure and amenity rather than facilitator of commerce.


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Le Havre Space

Place Charles-de-Gaulle • This is the cultural centre of Le Havre • Le Volcan (Oscar Niemeyer/1982) is a theatre, cinema, recording studios and multifunctional space • The area is a patchwork of different pedestrianized areas interrupted by roads • All the spaces have a formal/symetrical layout • Avenues of Pseudoplatinus X hispanica line the Bassins and wider roads • The market square has pleached Carpinus sylvatica defining its edges • Bassin de Commerce (1700’s) is a 5.3ha historic port bassin • It is now used for leisure by a boating club • It is also one of the sites famously painted by Eugène B din (1894) Parc Massillon • In the neighbourhood of Graville • Near several schools • Modern in style • It is a very uncommon public space in Le Havreas it has organicly shaped lawn areas with undulating topography. • The tree’s are informally out and they are varied in species type. • A gym is on the site in the north-west corner. • This part of the site is dedicated to sport and there are sports pitches. • A path running north-south divides the site in two • The east side of the site is for relaxation and play.

Boulevard Francois I Open Spaces • Situated as part of the monumental triangle these spaces are a transition between the 90° and 45° orthogonal grid in the Unesco/Downtown area of Le Havre. • They are formal in design and mainly covered by lawn or plant displays • The road is one of the broadest in Le Havreand is divided up into two cycle lanes, dual carriage way, parking areas, pedestrain lane and aveunues of tree’s which is typical of the cities layout. • St Joseph Cathedral (Perret/1958) is the focal point of this road and a major landmark of Le Havreat 107m high

Hôtel de Ville • The administrative centre of the city (Perret/1945-64) • The layout is formal with over four hectares of open space and the town hall situated centrally at the top of the site • The tram line runs though the centre of the site west-east and is an unobtrusive dividing line • Water plays an important part in dividing up space with several moving water features. • Avenues of trees and clipped pleached hedging helps direct movement of people • The site is open on all sides apart from the south side where a low wall seperates the public from

Bassin de la Barre • 2.7ha of historic port bassin built in the 1700’s • It was once connected directly to the Bassin de la Manche and the Bassin du Commerce but since becoming redundant has slowly been built on and disconnected from the rest of the port • It is used now by a rowing and sailing club • There is access by footpath all around the water’s edge • A Japanese style garden is situated on the eastern bank of the bassin • The port authority headquarters overlooks the site to the south-west • The old neighbourhood of St Francois lies to the


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Le Havre Space

Place Faride • In the neighbourhood of Bleville • Functions as a bus stop, parking space, market, petanque pitch and public square • Triangular in shape • Surrounded by formal tree planting which connects to the tree planting avenue along the main road • The centre of the space has a loose gravelled surface surrounded by a low stone wall • The surrounding area is an informal settlement with the square acting as a community centre • Other features include recycling point and a restaurant adjacent to the site • There is a water point for drinking and washing Place St-Nicolas • In the neighbourhood of Arcole Brindeau • This is the square of the church of St Nicolas • It is the community centre of an old neighbourhood • It has shaded seated under trees, a cafe, bus stop, table tennis and lighting. • It is compact and informal in style and shape • The surrounding streets are narrow with little space for trees • Traffic calming measures are in place to make it safe for people using the space and church • Car parking is available at the back of the church

Placa de la Liberte • In the neighbourhood of Saint Cecile • This is a community centre and market square with a connection to the adjacent church to the north east of the site. • It is used weekly as a place for the market that moves around Le Havre • It is also used as a parking space that serves the surrounding shops • It is typical in style for the area with single species trees surrounding the outskirts of the site and a open clearing in the centre which is usually a loose small grade aggregate but in this instance in is tarmac Graville Square • In the neighbourhood of Graville • Situated along the busy Rue de Verdun • It is a shaded open space and a community centre • Single species tree’s surround the outer edge. • The site is on a slope so the space is terraced. • Ground is tarmac and used for parking. • Other features include a bus stop, drinking water fountain and scattered seating on the perimeter

Raoul Lefaix Park • In the neighbourhood of Aplemont • Modern dense urban area with rigid grid • Surrouding streets are wide and the main routes are lined with tree’s and wide pavements • Community square • Petanque • Central lawn area • Shrub borders divide the site • Single species tree’s surround the site boundary • th site edges are open • The ground is a loose small grade aggregate • Small walls sperate the petanque pitchesv



Le Havre Culture - Le Film

‘Le Havre’ - Movie Cover Sketch of A Scene



Le Havre Culture

Art - Claude Monet

Impression Sunrise, 1873, Claude Monet Claude Monet in Studio


FETE DE LA MUSIQUE LE HAVRE Picture from Festival


Le Havre Culture

Festivals - La Fete de La Musique

Fete de La Musique 1:10000 North


Culture Map of Le Havre 1:10000 North

Theatres and Auditoriums

Galleries

Restaurants and Bars

Places of Worship

Cinemas

Hotels

Museums


Le Havre Culture




Credits


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