GATEWAY TO THE
BLUE MOUNTAINS
Activating Springwood through a locally sourced market hall
t
MARC4002
Ou O utp put ($ $M MM) M)
S la Sa ari ries e ($ $M MM) M)
Semester 2, 2019
SID: 490068788
Table of Contents 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
Context Masterplan Interim Design Design Development Final Design Material Selection Structural Strategy Lighting Strategy Sustainable Strategy Bibliography
4 12 14 22 26 40 42 46 48 50
Brief Springwood has always been a place for travelers to stop for sustenance. Today this tradition has faded due to disconnect from its surrounding area. The Blue Mountains continue to have a strong tradition in travel (through hiking and biking) and nourishment (through farms, roasteries, breweries, and more). It’s time to take back their heritage and become a hub and gateway for visitors on their way to the Blue Mountains.
ploy pl loy oym yme ment nt
Ou O utp put ($ $M MM) M)
By connecting with local bike and bush walking trails, we can begin to increase foot traffic through the town and create activities for both tourists and the local towns folk. This creates the opportunity to once again nourish visitors by providing a market hall that consolidates the local producers of food, produce, and arts/crafts. This consolidation brings the Blue Mountains to a single point, allowing the whole area to be experienced and for Springwood to truly become a gateway to the region.
S la Sa ari ries e ($ $M MM) M)
Interior Perspective - Looking North through Market
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Great West
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Town Square
M ac qu Sp ari rin e Ro Sp gw rin ad oo gw oo d dA La ven ne ue
Jerseywol
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Buckland Park
Telstra Park
Macquarie Road
Raymo
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Fairy Dell Reserve
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Raymond
MT IRVINE BELL
way
ern High
Greenway Lane
Manners Park
Raymond Road
te Wes
Road
t Grea
t
Bolan
George Stree
Birdwood Gully Park
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Bland Road
Context
Scott Stree
1.0
BILPIN
MT WILSON
BERAMBING
MT TOMAH
Springwood Map
Not to Scale
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Blue Mountains National Park M
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YELLOW ROCK
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SUN VALLEY
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1.1
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Not to Scale
Regional Context:
Located in the Blue Mountains, Springwood is one of a number of towns sprinkled along the region’s railway and highway. Springwood is one of the first towns as you enter the Blue Mountains and is the first town after the junction of the Great Western Highway (A32) and Hawksbury Road, providing Springwood with a prominent location. The region is known for its natural setting and wildlife which draws visitors for hiking, biking, art,
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B
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Blue Mountains Map
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Blue Mountains National Park
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HAWKESBURY HEIGHTS
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FA U LC O N
TH O R TW
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MEGALONG VALLEY
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BLACKHEATH
and relaxation. These visitors and tourists provide the Blue Mountains with its biggest economic and job contributor and helps to boost the rest of the economic sectors as well. Although tourism is a large part of the regions economy, most of this tourism is concentrated towards Katoomba and Leura with only a handful of heavily visited attractions outside of these towns.
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1. Three Sisters 2. Jenolan Caves 3. Govetts Leap 4. Botanic Garden
5. Scenic World 6. Wentworth Falls 7. Norman Lindsay Gallery 8. Carrington Hotel
Blue Mountains Attractions
Employment Output ($MM) Salaries ($MM) Value ($MM)
1000
500
100
50
0
Blue Mountains Economic Enterprise
5
Local Context:
Great West
T Town Square
ua Sp rie rriin ng Ro Sp prrin w ing ad oo wo oo d dA La vvenu ne ue ue
ad Ro
Buckland Park
Telstr Telstra T Park k
Macquarie uarie arie R Ro oad o
Ray ym y mo m nd
ac q M
Jerseywold ywo yw y wold old ol ld d Avenu e n so gu rg Fe
Road
Greenway Lane
Manners Park
Raymond Road
te Wes
way
ern High
way
t Grea
gh rn Hi
rade ay Pa Railw
La Lan a e
Road
Fairy Dell Reserve
Raymond
The highway is isolated from the town and provides two main access points into the city, from the east and west. These access points filter traffic into the town, becoming more pedestrian oriented as you progress into the center. This progression into the town also sees the buildings become taller and more densely populated.
Hawkesbury
enue
Av dA
Bolan
George Stree
Birdwood Gully Park
t
Bland and dR Road Ro
Springwood is located on the ridge of the Blue Mountains which provides views, of the national park, to the north and the south. This ridge top location also aligns the town with the rail line and the Great western highway on its northern side.
Scott Street
1.2
Town Center Core Town Center Expansion
e
Road Raymond
Road Raymond
Hawkesbury
Road
t George Stree
Raymond Road
Sp ari rriin iee ng Ro Sp prrin w ing ad oo wo oo d dA La vvenu ne ue ue
qu ac
Main Street View Corridors Entry View Corridors Bush View Corridors
Local Traffic Calmed Pedestrian Friendly
ad Ro e ari qu ac
Lane La
Road
Scott Street
Concil Crown Telstra
Raymond
Road
Fairy Dell Reserve Scott Street
Private State Govn. Rail
2-3 Storey Proposed Increased Height 3-4 Storey
Building Height
Road Hawkesbury
George Stree
t
Bland and d Ro Road d
Road
Jerse rseyw ywold ywo y old ld Avenu ue e
Raymon nd d Road d
rin ri ng Sp S prin pr w ing oo woo o d dA La vvenu ne ue ue
Macquarie uarie arie R Ro oad o
Ray ymo ym m nd
Fe
Raymond
Ro ad
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qu ari ie ac
way
Bucklan nd d Park
rade
M
Great West
Greenwa eenway y Lane L T Telstra Park
ay Pa
Sp
te Wes
Railw
rade
Ray aym ymo ymo ym mond Lan ne
Fairy Dell Reserve
Land Ownership
Macquarie uarie arie Ro Roa Ro d
ay Pa
d
a Ro
t Grea
gh rn Hi
Buckla a and Park
Telstr T tr tra Park k
Railw
To Town T own S are Squa
ern High
way
Greenway Lane L
Manne ne s ners Par ar ark
enue
Av dA
Bolan
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Grea
Birdwood Gully Park
d Road
Great
High
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High Western
Hawkesbury
way
rn este tW
George Stree
enue
Av dA
Bolan
t
Bland nd dR Road
View Corridor
Birdwood Gully Park
Jerseywold ywold old ld Avenu
e
Fairy Dell Reserve
Road Network
6
Bland and d Ro Road d
Road
Raymon nd d Road
rin Spr Sp gw prin rin oo gw oo o d od dA La vvenu ne ue ue
Arterial Sub-Arterial Collector
n so gu rg Fe
M
Ro ad
Avenue
ac qu ari e M
Sp
Fairy Dell Reserve
a Ro
Macquarie uarie Ro Roa Ro d
Ray aym ay ymo ym mond La Lan
rade
d
n so gu rg Fe
T Town Square
Buckland Park
ay Pa
e
way
Great West
Greenwa ay yL Lane Telstra T Park
Railw
Ray aym ymo ym mo ond nd Lan
rade
Jerseywold o
Macquarie uarie Ro o d oa
ay Pa
Ro
rn
w High
Manners Park
Railw
ad
n so gu rg Fe
T Town Square
te Wes
Buckland d Park
T Telstra Park
ern High
ay
t Grea
Greenwa eenway ay y Lane La
Manners Park
Jerse rseyw eyw ywold ywo y yw wold old ld l Avenu
te Wes
enue
Av dA
Bolan
Scott Street
t Grea
Great West
Highway
Scott Street
ern
way
gh rn Hi
Birdwood Gully Park
Hawkesbury
enue
Av dA
Bolan
George Stree
Birdwood Gully Park
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Bland nd d Road R
Town Center
1.3
8,745 / 76,904 Springwood
Blue Mountains
Demographics:
The population of Springwood is comprised primarily of families and retirees living in single family homes outside of the city center. Of those working, most commute outside of town for their jobs in professional roles.
Population
Divorced Widowed
Married Separated
Never Married
Marital Status 46.4% 53.6% Couples Couples w/ Kids
p One Parent Family Other
Families
Gender
Median Age: Median Age: 46 46
0 - 19 20-29
30-39 40-49
Full-Time Part-Time
50-64 65+
Age Range
Away from Work Unemployed
Employment
2000
1000
Car Train
Work Transport
ho
ld
ily ou
se
Fa m H
In
di
vi
du
al
0
Work from Home Walk
Income - Weekly
7
1.4
Environmental Context:
The environment of Springwood remains relatively constant throughout the year, rarely deviating more than 15 degrees. The main factors that fluctuat are sun angles, which move from 32 to 80 degrees, and wind directionality, which is primarily north and south with occasional bursts of wind from the west.
N
Strong
N
12.5%
ay
hw
er n
Greenway La Telstra T Park
W
S
Shading Diagram - Dec. 22
9AM 12PM 3PM
Shading Diagram - June 22
E
Telstra T Park
Raym y
Wind Rose
9AM 12PM 3PM
8
Town T Square
ar ie
S
Sun Path Diagram
Greenway Lan
wo od La Av ne en ue
qu
Dec. 22
ac
ond La ne
pr in
Raym
ay
hw
Manners Park
Ro a
Town T Square
E
7.5%
Hig
d
Manners Park
M ac qu ar pr ie in Ro gw ad oo wo d od L Av an en e ue
est at W Gre
e
gw oo d
Hig
Gre
W
enu
v nd A Bola
ond d Roa ad d
June 22
M
er n
est at W
ue
n Ave
ond d Road
nd Bola
ond La ne
Calm
Rainfall (mm)
40 30 20 10 0 J
F
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A
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Average Rainfall (2010-Present) Springwood Bowling Club
High
Avg
Low
40
Temp (C)
30 20 10 0
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M
A
M
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J
A
Average Temperature (2010-Present) Springwood Bowling Club
Dawn
Dusk
Sunlight
0:00
Time
6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00
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Daylight Hours 9
1.5
Historical Context:
Home to a spring, Springwood has historically been a place for nourishment. This spring, as well as ridgeline location, helped Springwood to be colonized and become host to both the railway and highway. These transportation veins helped Springwood evolve from aboriginal settlement to military settlement and into a town. These factors, although helping the town to grow, also became the restricting agents to the town. The spring has been lost due to pavement and Springwood has been severed from the Great Western Highway, which has removed its presence from general awareness.
10
Pre-Colonial: Springwood is occupied by the OryangOra (Darug Subsidiary) for the water, flora, and fauna provided by it’s spring.
1813: First successfull crossing of the Blue Mountains; lead by Blaxland, Lawson, and Wentworth
1851: The NSW gold rush is launched after gold was discovered near Bathurst which greatly increased traffic on Cox Road.
1832: Military Barracks were constructed in Springwood due to its proximity to water and Cox Road.
1814: William Cox completes road across the Blue Mountains which the Great Western Highway evolves from.
1857: Springwood Inn was constructed on the old military barracks to house the increased travellers (primarily prospectors).
1867: To help mitigate the traffic on Cox Road, the railway was extended from Penrith to Wentworth Falls.
1967: The Great Western Highway is deviated to bypass Springwood and its narrow railway underpasses.
Tourist Map - 1831
Springwood Map - 1882
Aerial Image - 1943
Cook County Map - 1964
Aerial Image - 2007
Cook County Map - 2019
11
2.0
Masterplan
Based on the contextual research, Springwood’s seclusion from the highway, as well as a disconnect from surroundings is preventing tourism to be more present in the town. To remedy this, hiking trails, cycling paths, and locally produced foods, three of the largest contributors to tourism in the Blue Mountains.
Greenstreet North Carpark (Site) into Market Hall Hiking Trail Extension Welcome Center
Although there is an existing Blue Mountains cycling path, the route ends in Leura and doesn’t continue to Springwood. This is easily remedied through a few proposed extensions along existing roads. A similar issue faces the hiking paths in the town, with few trails long enough to account for full day hikes. By connecting existing trails, a network can be developed that would link towns and rail stations together. This new network of trails could facilitate multi or single day hikes and would draw visitors through town centers to promote its shops and retailers. With a lack of a grocery options in Springwood and a plethora of local vendors of food and art products, an opportunity is available to pool regional vendors together to provide a dedicated location for local products to be sold. Choosing the north car park as an ideal site, due to its visibility in town, as well as from the highway and train, this could also become a major tourist draw as there are no other market halls in the surrounding areas.
Springwood Masterplan
Springwood
Produce
Dairy
Plants
Blue Mountains Local Vendor Map 12
Brewery
Bakery
Butchery
1:50000
Railway
Roads
Exist. Trails
Blue Mountains Hiking Trail Map
Pedestrian Bridge
Potential Activation Potential Permeability Mixed Use / Housing Bike Path Extension
1:3000
Prop. Trail
Town
Rail Stop
1:25000
Railway
Roads
Exist. Route
Blue Mountains Cycling Route Map
Prop. Route
Town
Rail Stop
1:25000 13
3.0 3.1
Interim Presentation Design Development
The Northern Carpark was chosen as the focus for the towns intervention. As it has the most visibility from both inside the town and out, it could serve as a landmark for both inhabitants and tourists to the area. Its location also allowed for overlap with the master planned trails and bake paths, allowing the building to become a junction for activity in the area.
Biomass Utilization Diagram
Through becoming this node, it was important to maintain permeability throughout the site. This was done by projecting the existing axes from the town center and IGA into the site which also helped to further this junction. From there, it became important to further incorporate the ideas behind the masterplan by integrating permanent local vendors into the building. These vendors ended up being a local coffee roastery, brewery, and bike shop, which would all serve to entice tourism while allowing themselves to serve the existing public (whether that is through food training, service, or events). The roof became a focus to ensure a well lit but not overheated space for the market hall. Investigations into different shading practices became a large focus and helped to narrow the idea down to a flat roof with photovoltaic louvers. This would allow light to fuel the space as well as reflect off of the louvers as diffused light below.
Initial Site Analysis 14
Ground to Air Heat Exchange Diagram
Ground to Air Heat Exchange Diagram
Site Massing Attempts
Tilting Roof Assembly Diagram
Photovoltaic Roof Diagram
Grid Implementation
Initial Market Layout 15
3.2
Plans + Elevation
8
A
Lane nway Gree
7 1
6
4
1
1
2
5
1 3
Macqurie Road
Floor Plan - Weekend
South Elevation
16
A
1:500
Floor Plan - Weekday
1. Local Co-Op Grocery Comprised of an array of local shopkeepers and agriculturalists, the co-op grocery would provide a produce, butcher, dairy, etc. all in one location.
2. Bicycle Repair / Shop Capitalising on the proposed bike network extension, the bicycle shop would provide a lure for the bikers of the area after a day’s ride and encourage further shopping.
1:1000
Floor Plan - Evening
3. Brewery / Pub 4. Coffee Roastery / Cafe The brewery and coffee roastery would provide a draw to workers (before and after work) and tourists on the weekend. During the day, both could team up with Acacia Education to teach brewing and roasting methods.
5. Dynamic Public Space
1:1000
6. Exterior Veranda The open spaces are host to varying activities. The Space can hold public markets, act as a stage for performances, or simply be a gallery to walk through.
7. Bike Storage 8. Greenstreet Greenway Lane is activated to become a pedestrian oriented road, which can hold parades, events, or additional market space.
1:800
17
3.3
Sections
The original scheme for the Market Hall had a large assortment of sustainable methods tied to it. Kinetic pavement, biomass combustor, and ground to air exchange where just a few examples which, although intriguing, proved to be the incorrect solutions for the market hall scheme. For example, biomass needs to be dry when burnt, sofood waste didn’t lend itself to this process.
B
A
Bioretention Planter
Kinetic Pavement
C
Rainwater Harvesting
D D
C C
A A
Section A-A
Extended Section A-A
18
B
D
PV Solar Shades
F
E
Retractable Roof Panels
Biomass Energy
G
Ground-Air Heat Exchange
EE
FF
G G
1:200
1:800
19
3.4
Perspectives
Interior Perspective - Looking North through the Market Hall
Exterior Perspective - Looking NW towards the Market Hall
20
3.5
Model Photos
1:200 Building Model
1:500 Massing Model
1:100 Concept Models
21
4.0 Design Development 4.1
Design Development
After interim, it was suggested that the Market Halls position on its site should be altered to better fit within its context. This included moving the garage entryway as well as altering the buildings size to better harmonize with the site. A new grid layout was conceived to better follow the sites roads and shop fronts and building mass was eroded away to create intimate spaces for visitors and delivery/drop-off zones that could double as green space for the town.
Thermal Mass Diagram
Block Wall Experimentation Diagram
Corridor Layout 22
Grid Reconfiguration
Diffused Light Diagram
Solar Chimney Diagram
Block Wall Uses Diagram
Gutter Design
Early Block Wall Testing
Intimate and Public Space Design 23
4.2
Precedents
Östermalm’s Temporary Market Hall Architects: Tengbom Location: Stockholm , Sweden Year: 2016 Studying the market hall allowed for a better understanding of spatial requirements and circulation needs . Its temporary construction also helped give a better sense of flexibility in program.
Stansted Airport Architects: Foster + Partners Location: London, England Year: 1991 Understanding the limitations and potential spans of the airports columns and roof assembly helped to refine the structural and grid layouts. as well as find new opportunities /uses for the columns.
Beyler Foundation Museum Architects: Renzo Piano Location: Riehen, Switzerland Year: 1997 Dissecting the roof assembly helped to clarify diffused light strategies and provided insights in how to alter the system for better integration into the Blue Mountains and program specific needs.
Iglesia de Estación Atlántida Architects: Eladio Dieste Location: Estación Atlántida, Uruguay Year: 1960 The church’s innovative masonry construction provided inspiration for possibilities of the large earth block walls and helped to understand how to develop intimate spaces within a large spanning structure.
24
4.3
Heliodome Analysis
Interim Model - 1:200 Testing the interim model inside the heliodome provided insights into gaps and needed alterations to the facade and roof. It indicated that the overhang on the northern side needed to be extended further to the west and that altered louvers would be needed to have light reach the thermal mass on the ground level.
Study Model - 1:200 Further testing was performed on subsequent models to better understand how summer light would affect the western facade and how to shade that portion properly with vertical walls/openings.
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5.0 5.1
26
Final Design Massing Strategies
1. Existing Site
2. Child Care Removal
With visibility from the highway, railway, and town, the Northern Car Park site becomes an ideal opportunity to usher in and welcome tourists and townsfolk.
As there were existing plans to relocate the child care facility on-site, the first move is to fulfil this goal and open up the site to a greater potential.
5. Extending Axises
6. Local Merchants
By extending the existing plaza, located across the street, we can continue a pedestrian focus and create view corridor to either side of the Blue Mountains. Providing a lane to the existing grocer also helps to define space and provides additional incentive to move about the site.
Filling in around the axes with a market and shops, the site can absorb needed retailers as well as provide a dedicated space for farmers/art markets that are often held in town.
3. Grid Layout
4. Push Down Parking
To ensure a building that was well suited to the site, a red array of arched guidelines were laid to follow existing curves and a blue array laid to match the average storefront width. These two guides help create a grid from which to build.
Existing parking takes up the majority of the site. Since there is a +4 meter drop from one side of the site to the other, there is an opportunity to sink the parking to open views and create pedestrian oriented spaces.
7. Environmental Analysis
8. Canopy
Through understanding how the environment changes throughout the year, better strategies can be developed to combat over/under solar exposure and harsh winds can be mitigated.
To utilize the near perfect NorthSouth orientation of the site, a canopy was designed to allow even sunlight throughout the space while providing a space to capture the sun’s power through photovoltaic panels.
27
5.2
Floor Plans
With a 4+ meter slope to the back of the site, the garage and mechanical services were pushed below grade. This helped to maintain parking for the site while providing an elevated ground floor which could capitalize on surrounding views. The ground floor is made up of three main volumes, two for retail shops and a third for the flexible market hall space. During the weekday, the market hall space can be used for school children to play in, food service course (which could incorporate the roastery and brewery while being run by the
local Acacia Education & Training), as well as for local meet ups. During the weekends, the local market can spring up and activate the spaces in and around the building. In the evenings, the space can be used for music/cabaret shows as well as supporting a few local vendors. These uses allow the space to be used year round and can be utilized to draw in the visitors and tourists that the town desires. In this way, Springwood can start to grow further and become a gateway to the region.
A C
9
6 14 13
8
10
12
B 11
C 1. Market Hall 2. Exterior Veranda 3. Dynamic Public Space 4. Bicycle Repair Shop 5. Brewery
Basement Plan
28
B
A 6. Elevator Lobby 7. Coffee Roastery 8. Trash Room 9. Garage 10. Digester
11. Pump Room 12. Electrical Room 13. Mechanical Room 14. Restroom
1:500
Ground Floor Plan - Weekend
14
14
2.
1: 1000
14
1.
0
0.
0
0
Ground Floor Plan - Evening
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9.
0
A
13
1: 1000
13
8.
7.
0
0
C
ane way L n e e r G
4
2
5
1 6 3
7
B
B C Macqurie Road
Site Plan - Weekday
A
1:500
29
5.3
Elevations and Perspectives
Exterior Perspective - Looking North into the Market
South Elevation 1: 300
30
Interior Perspective - Looking West through the Market
31
5.3
Elevations and Perspectives
Exterior Perspective - Looking South at the Market Hall
North Elevation 1: 300
32
West Elevation 1: 300
33
5.4
Sections
Section A-A 1: 300
Section B-B 1: 300
34
35
5.5
Section Perspective Diagram
B
A
D
C
Section Perspective C-C
A. Glass Louvers
B. Photovoltaic Panels
C. Thermal Mass
D. Defused Lighting
Replacing the first four rows of solar panels at the North side of the canopy with glass louvers allows a continuation of appearance while providing solar angles to each the rammed earth wall. This allows the wall to act as thermal mass and absorb the winter heat for use during the day and into the evening.
With the sun’s angle ranging from 32 to 80 degrees, the solar panels need to be spaced accordingly to ensure overshadowing doesn’t occur. This leaves gaps in the system that are picked up by a fritted glass panels as well as a kinetic leaf structure on the underside of the canopy.
Operable windows above and below the rammed earth wall allow for wind to enter the structure on warm days. As the wind passes over the mass, it picks up it’s cool temperature and spreads it indoors.
A mix of angled PV panels and fritted glass louvers allow light to enter the glass canopy and penetrate into the structure. This, coupled with the louvers and leaves, creates a controlled greenhouse with consistent lighting throughout the structure.
36
F
H
G E
1:50
E. Glass Pavers
F. Solar Chimney
G. Heat Exchange
H. Thermal Mass
WIthin the ground floor of the market hall, glass pavers are strategically inserted to benefit the basement level which helps to mitigate the required electrical lighting methods used.
Through painting a portion of an extended column a dark color, the heat generated can begin ventilating the garage and limit the use of a powere d fan.
The floors are heated through a ground to water heat exchange that allows for heating and cooling of the slab throughout the year, creating a regulated mass that required less energy intensive climate systems.
Thermal mass surrounding the perimeter of the building helps act as a buffer to extreme climate conditions and, at one meter thick, would take over 12 hours to effect the interior of the building.
37
5.6
Interior Perspectives
Interior Perspective - Looking West through the Coffee Roastery
Interior Perspective - Looking East through Market towards IGA 38
5.7
Model Photos
1:500 Massing Model
1:200 Building Model
1:50 Roof Assembly 39
6.0 6.1
Material Selection
process, a healthier, and thereby more enjoyable, space could be created within the market hall.
Plant Selection:
The vegetation that was selected for the project were those that worked well both indoors and out, as well as plants that had a known benefit of purifying indoor air quality. Through this selection
Care was also taken to ensure that as the plant species where well suited to their environments. Ensuring that as plants get shorter, causing shading by taller plants, that they’ll continue to thrive.
Ground Cover/Vines
Small Shrubs
Tall Shrubs
Trees
Light
Shade
40
Weeping Fig
Rubber Plant
Toxin(s) Removed: Benzene, Formaldehyde, Tricholoroethylene
Toxin(s) Removed: Benzene, Formaldehyde, Tricholoroethylene, Xylene
Areca Palm
Lady Palm
Toxin(s) Removed: Benzene, Carbon Monoxide Formaldehyde, Tricholoroethylene, Xylene
Toxin(s) Removed: Ammonia, Formaldehyde, Xylene
Boston Fern
Zanzibar Gem
Toxin(s) Removed: Formaldehyde, Xylene
Toxin(s) Removed: Formaldehyde, Xylene
Travellers Joy
Blue Flax Lily
Toxin(s) Removed: Carbon Monoxide
Toxin(s) Removed: Carbon Monoxide
1. PV Panels 2. Fritted Glass 3. Kinetic Art 4. Rammed Earth Blocks 5. Steel 6. Strorefront Glazing 7. Concrete Pavement 8. Glass Paver
2 1
3 4
5 6
7 8
6.2
Building Material Selection:
Material selection focused on utilizing local and sustainable materials as well as practices. Rammed earth blocks were selected as they were a local process (Formblock) which could utilize the local masons for assembly. Additionally, they used the existing sites excavated earth as their source material, which is a good mix of clay and shale, a good combination for this process. This requires less transportation and can act as a thermal mass for a number of processes.
Steel was chosen for the main structure of the building as it is a common material in the Blue Mountains and there are many metal fabricators in the area. Glass was selected chosen for a number of purposes. A storefront system was chosen for the upper walls and along the street for a continued look and installation ease. Glass pavers and louvers where chosen to help accommodate natural lighting through all floors of the project.
41
7.0 7.1
Structural Strategy Steel Roof Assembly: A
Steel, being a prominent material in the Blue Mountains, became the primary structural material for this project. Its ability to span long distances and free up floor space for the Market was also an added benefit that played into the decision. By creating a repeating structure that incorporates pin joint connections, prefabrication of the building members becomes much more affordable and installation can be much more rapid.
B
Roof Support Section C
I-Beams are used for the main north-south facing roof members and hollow steel sections are used to stiffen the east-west axis. This section also allows for downspouts and conduits to be hidden and routed through the structure. This helps maintain a clean look.
Roof Assembly Axo
1: 200
1: 200
D
Roof Support Section
1: 200
9
8
7
1 4 6
12 5
3
2
Exploded Roof Assembly Axo
42
1: 200
8 8
16
7 16
13
14
15
15
2
12
12
2
4
4
A. Detail @ Box Beam
1: 25
1. I-Beam 2. Hollow Steel Section 3. Steel Column 4. Steel Arms 5. Sleepers
B. Detail @ Gutter
6. Double Glazed Roof 7. PV Louvers 8. Fritted Glass Louvers 9. Optional Chimney 10. Steel Cable 11. Crimps
1: 25
12. Suspended Art Reflectors 13. Louver Attachment Pedistal 14. Gutter 15. Downspout/Conduits 16. Louver Attachment Arm
16 16
7
8
7
8
6
14
13
13
6
5
5 11
10
12
10 12
4
C. Detail @ Gutter
1: 25
D. Detail @ Glazing Ridge
1: 25
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7.2
Earth-Block Walls:
Originally considering rammed earth walls, research showed few knowledgeable contractors in the area. As a result, earth blocks could be constructed in a similar manner through a local provider. With less skilled labor and room for error in the blocks, this process allowed for bricks to be made during the excavation phase and set aside, on the unused portion of the site. Once foundations were set, the bricks could then be assembled, by the numerous masons in the area, for a speedy construction process. Atop the earth-block walls is a continuation of the storefront system used for the shop facades. Within this system, operable windows can be inserted to allow for passive cooling when required. Additional operable windows are installed at pedestrian scale, within the block wall, to help serve a passive cooling process as well, but also to allow views in and create intrigue. The blocks size allowed for a number of other services to be integrated into their design, such as lighting, bicycle lock up, planters, seating, and display shelves.
Rammed Earth Block Wall Axo
1: 200
7
5
8
12
5
Exploded Wall Assembly Axo
1: 200
2 1. A modular formwork is can be quickly slipped together
2. A slurry of sifted earth and concrete is poored into the formwork
3 1
3. Once curred, the formwork is removed.
4. The earth block can be layed as a masonry unit
Earth Block Creation Diagram
44
1: 100
Detail @ Block Wall Stepping
1: 25
1000
1500
6
500
2
3
400 Max.
1
Earth Block Section/Plan Diagram
1:50
5. Operable Window 6. Bike Storage 7. Storefront Glazing 8. Concrete Sill
1. Seating/Display Shelf 2. Planter 3. Recessed Lighting 4. Steel Header Beam
11
9
9. Insulation 10. Suspended Art Reflectors 11. Hollow Steel Section 12. Steel Window Trim
10
4
7 8
5 2 12
Detail @ Block Wall Top
1: 25
Detail @ Block Wall Window
1: 25
45
8.0 Lighting Strategy 8.1
Daylighting:
To create an even light throughout the space, Two different louver types were used above a glass ceiling. A photovoltaic (PV) louver was used to absorb the sun’s energy and diffuse light to the space below and a glass louver, with fritted gradient pattern, was spaced between each PV louver. This spacing prevents overshadowing on the PV panels while creating a barrier from the summer sun.
32 °
80 °
These two louvers allowed ample diffused lighting into the spaces below and any missed direct sun lighting is further diffused using a suspended kinetic art piece on the underside of the roof assembly. This large amount of lighting allows for greenspace to be developed with the structure while maintaining a consistent atmosphere year round.
Roof Support Section
1: 100
Roof Support Section
1: 100
Additional fritted louvers are utilized on the exterior roof overhang to allow solar access to the earthblock wall in winter, which will help provide needed additional lighting as well as heating the thermal mass.
Laminated Glass
Laminated Glass Louver Ceramic Fritted Gradient Pattern
Louver Diagrams 46
Photovoltaic Louver
Roof Support Section
1: 100 8.2
Night Lighting:
To highlight the the earth-block walls, vegetation, and suspended ceiling art, multiple lighting practices are used throughout the space at night. WIthin the large block walls, recessed lighting is used to light up the perimeter of the space at a pedestrian level as well as illuminating the lower windows to create intrigue from the exterior.
Roof Support Section
1: 100
Uplighting is incorporated into the planters and atop the columns to provide multiple levels to the space and maintain the structures hierarchical dynamism. The ceilings suspended sculpture helps to diffuse the directed lighting down to the ground and create an even atmosphere throughout the building. The planter lighting is directed at the vegetation, which helps to develop color and interest to the space while reflecting the light to further illuminate the spaces.
47
9.0 9.1
Sustainable Strategy PV Panels
Angled at 34 ° (the optimal solar panel angle for the region), the solar panels are fixed to prevent wear on moving parts. This allows or a system that works all year with little maintenance. Covering the roof, the solar power can help generate power during the day and has a battery system in the basement to store any excess energy for use in the evenings. Any access energy can be fed back to the grid to limit the regions use of coal power. 9.2 Ground Exchange
to
Water
1
32 °
7
8
Heat
A ground to water heat exchange system was integrated into the design to help regulate and maintain a constant interior temperature. The system utilizes a vertical earth loop as opposed to other methods as it would require the least amount of excavation and provides the possibility of reaching spring water, which would make the system more effective. Through running the distribution system through the concrete floor slab, radiant heating and cooling can provide while setting the desired temperature in the thermal mass which will help to maintain the atmosphere of the occupied spaces. 9.3
80 °
3
5
2
6 4 5. Inverter/Charger 6. Battery System 7. To Loads 8. To Grid
1. PV Array 2. Solar Inverter 3. Generation Meter 4. Distribution Board
PV Panel Diagram
1:200
Anaerobic Digester 4
An anaerobic digester has been incorporated into the market hall’s design to make use of the food waste or compost that would otherwise be sent to a landfill. The town and area are without a composting service and the digester can be a viable way of welcoming and utilizing the citizen’s waste to provide them with energy as well as fertilizers. This process Produces methane gas through feeding the food waste to microorganisms. This gas is collected, filtered and burned which produces water and carbon dioxide which can both be harvested as well for reuse.
48
5
2 1
3
6
Anaerobic Digester Diagram 1. Trash Room 2. Waste Shredder 3. Conveyer Belt 4. Inoculation Pipe 5. Digester 6. Agitator
1 8 4 5
1
3
1:200
2
6
3
2
1:60
7
1. Heat Pump 2. Vertical Earth Loop 3. Distribution System 4. Radiant Slab Heating
5. Evaporator 6. Condenser 7. Compressor 8. Expansion Valve
Ground to Water Heat Exchange Diagrams
17
7 9
10
8
15
13 11
12
16
14
1:200 7. Biogas Pipe 8. Discharge System 9. Commercial Hot Water Heat Exchange 10. Dewatering Press 11. Solid Digestate (Fertilizer)
12. Biogas Upgrading 13. Methane Storage 14. Turbine Generator 15. CO2 Capture 16. CO2 Storage 17. Chimney/Exhaust
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10.0 1.1
Bibliography
Regional Context
Blue Mountains Economy Profile, Blue Mountains Economy Profile §. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://www.economyprofile.com.au/bluemountains. Botanical Gardens. Photograph. Planetware. Mount Tomah: Planetware. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://www.planetware.com/australia/blue-mountains-aus-nsw-bm.htm. Carrington Hotel. Photograph. BMCAN. Katoomba: Blue Mountains Creative Art Network. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://bmcan.com.au/locations/carrington-hotel/ Govetts Leap Lookout. Photograph. Planetware. Katoomba: Planetware. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://www.planetware.com/australia/blue-mountains-aus-nsw-bm.htm. Jenolan Caves. Photograph. Planetware. Blue Mountains: Planetware. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://www.planetware.com/australia/blue-mountains-aus-nsw-bm.htm. Norman Linsay Gallery. Photograph. Planetware. Faulonbridge: Planetware. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://www.planetware.com/australia/blue-mountains-aus-nsw-bm.htm. Senic World. Photograph. Planetware. Katoomba: Planetware. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://www.planetware.com/australia/blue-mountains-aus-nsw-bm.htm. Three Sisters. Photograph. Planetware. Katoomba: Planetware. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://www.planetware.com/australia/blue-mountains-aus-nsw-bm.htm. Wentworth Falls. Photograph. Planetware. Wentworth Falls: Planetware. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://www.planetware.com/australia/blue-mountains-aus-nsw-bm.htm. 1.2
Local Context
Springwood Town Centre Masterplan, Springwood Town Centre Masterplan § (2018). https://www.bmcc.nsw.gov.au/documents/springwood-town-centre-masterplan. 1.3
Demographics
2016 Census QuickStats - Springwood (NSW), 2016 Census QuickStats - Springwood (NSW) §. Accessed September 29, 2019. https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC13629?opendocument. 1.4
Environmental Context
Climate Data Online, Climate Data Online § (n.d.). https://bit.ly/36TKwFt 1.5
Historical Context
Eureka! The Rush for Gold. Eureka! The Rush for Gold. State Library of NSW, n.d. https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/stories/eureka-rush-gold. Google Earth. “Springwood and Surrounding Area” Accessed September, 2019. 33°41’55.3”S 150°33’57.7”E Map of Springwood. Blue Mountains Library, n.d. https://bit.ly/32EdNAF NSW State Archives. NSW State Archives. NSW State Archives, n.d. https://gallery.records.nsw.gov.au/index.php/galleries/ westward-ho-a-trip-over-the-blue-mountains/westward-ho-the-great-western-railway-arrives-in-the-blue-mountains/. Pellion, J. National Gallery of Australia. National Gallery of Australia. National Gallery of Australia, n.d. https://cs.nga.gov.au/detail. cfm?irn=213882. Tourists map showing the Great Western Railway of New South Wales. National Library of Australia, n.d. https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1827756 2.0
Masterplanning
Blue Mountains Cycling Map, Blue Mountains Cycling Map § (n.d.). https://www.bmcc.nsw.gov.au/cycling.
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4.2
Precedents
Dieste, Eladio. Atlantida Church. Photograph. WikiArquitectura. Atlantida: WikiArquitectura, n.d. https://en.wikiarquitectura. com/building/atlantida-church/. Denance, Michel. The Beyeler Foundation Museum. Photograph. Renzo Piano Building Workshop. Riehen: Renzo Piano Building Workshop, n.d. http://www.rpbw.com/project/beyeler-foundation-museum. Gerlach, Felix. Östermalm’s Temporary Market Hall. Photograph. Archdaily. Stockholm: Archdaily, June 6, 2016. https://www.archdaily.com/788616/ostermalms-temporary-market-hall-tengbom. Gilbert, Dennis. Stansted Airport. Hand Sketch. Architonic. London: Architonic, n.d. https://www.architonic.com/en/project/foster-partners-stansted-airport/5102413. 6.1
Plant Selection
Dalziel, Lottie. “Air Purifying Plants.” Better Homes and Gardens. Better Homes and Gardens, September 15, 2018. https://www. bhg.com.au/best-air-cleaning-plants. 6.2
Building Material Selection
Fancy Frame Glass Stores . Fritted Glass. Photograph. India Mart. India Mart, n.d. https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/fritted-glass-16259127288.html. Glasone. Storefront System. Photograph. Glasone. Glasone, n.d. https://www.glasone.com/. Howe, Anthony. Octo CB. Photograph. Howe Art. Wuhu: Howe Art, n.d. https://www.howeart.net/ImageHTML/OctoCB.html. Perkins + Will. Paver Skylight System. Photograph. Construction Specifier. New York: Construction Specifier, n.d. https://www. constructionspecifier.com/seeing-the-light-of-day-through-the-floor/. Universal Pin Connectors. Photograph. Castconnex. Austin: Castconnex, n.d. https://castconnex.com/projects/austin-bergstrom-international-airport-expansion/products-used-1/universal-pin-connectors. Welton, Michael. “David Easton’s Rammed Earth Blocks.” Architects and Artisans. Architects and Artisans, April 13, 2012. https:// architectsandartisans.com/david-eastons-rammed-earth-blocks/. 9.3
Anaerobic Digester
McMahon, Jim. “Waste Conversion.” Waste Today Magazine. Waste Today Magazine, n.d. https://www.wastetodaymagazine. com/article/waste-conversion/.