PORTFOLIO OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN APPLICATION FOR GRADUATE SCHOOL 2018
CONTENTS STUDIO VINCENT ESCHALIER 2017 - PARIS, FRANCE
4 - MONTH INTERNSHIP
WORK EXPERIENCE
KPMB ARCHITECTS 2016 - TORONTO, CANADA 12 - MONTH INTERNSHIP
ATELIER CHANG 2015 - LONDON, ENGLAND 4-MONTH INTERNSHIP
LEE
SUMMER 2017 - 4B STUDIO SPA AND LODGE AT THE BROUGH OF BIRSAY, UK INDEPENDENT
CROSS STITCH SPRING 2016 - 4A STUDIO
MIXED-USE SOCIAL HOUSING IN ROME WITH LIYANG ZHANG
FUTURE FISHERIES FALL 2015 - 3B STUDIO
PART I - SITE STUDY - HISTORY AND ECONOMY OF FISHING IN ACADEMIC WORK
NEWFOUNDLAND, INDEPENDENT PART II - EXPERIMENTAL AQUACULTURE CENTRE IN FOX HARBOUR, NFLD WITH TOMAS MASIDLAUSKAS FEATURED IN FACULTY EXHIBITION OF STUDENT WORK, 2015 FEATURED IN ‘ADAPTING HERITAGE’ CONFERENCE, ST JOHN’S NFLD, 2017
A CHAIR FOR ISAAC ASIMOV FALL 2015 - 3B WOODWORKING ELECTIVE
CUSTOM-BUILT THRONE FOR A SPACE AGE FREETHINKER WITH ILHAN OZDEMIR
THE PERFECT STORM SPRING 2015 - 3A GIS AND MAPPING ELECTIVE
AN ANALYSIS OF SEWERS, FLOOD RISK, AND MITIGATION IN TORONTO WITH TERESA TRAN
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WORK EXPERIENCE
ACADEMIC WORK
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RESUMÉ February 2018 | lara.isaac@hotmail.ca | +1 (347) 319 5701
HI! I’m Lara, a Bachelor of Architecture Studies graduate from the University of Waterloo in Ontario. I keep my eyes and ears open to the world to find a bold and polemic concept for every situation and clean execution in every drawing I do. I am looking for a new position to broaden my perspective on the field of design. I want to learn from the leaders in our field to be able to work competently in every phase of the design process and produce excellent buildings. Hopefully this portfolio gives you a glimpse of who I am and what my abilities are. Enjoy reading, and I hope to meet you soon!
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO
Cambridge, Canada | 2012 - Present
ROYAL CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC Toronto, Canada | 2010 - 2012
RE X ARCHITECTURE
New York, USA | Fall 2017-Present Intern Architect
STUDIO VINCENT ESCHALIER Paris, France | Winter 2017 Stagière d’architecture
KPMB ARCHITECTS Toronto, Canada | Winter and Summer 2016, and Fall 2014 Intern Architect
EDUCATION
Recipient of Bachelor of Architecture Studies, class of 2017, with honours Five year fully specialized architectural studies program including 24 months of credited internships and 4 months of study abroad in Rome My 3A and 3B studio projects were featured in Spring 2015 and Fall 2015 Student Work Exhibitions Recipient of Associate of the Royal Conservatory of Toronto (ARCT) Diploma for Cello Performance, with First Class Honours, 2013 This diploma required study of music theory, history, counterpoint, and analysis, ear training, and solo cello and piano performance over the course of nine years including four years at the Young Artists’ Performance Academy.
EMPLOYMENT
RE X is a critically acclaimed New York based practice well known for innovative civic and performing arts center designs. I work primarily on quickly producing iterative physical models and renders for both internal and client review. Project: Brown University PAC Pre-SD phase SVE is a small, young, French-speaking firm based in the 10th district of Paris. They primarily design chique apartment, office, and shop renovations. At SVE I worked on drafting and visualization for multiple projects. I worked closely and often independently with our contractors and collaborators including weekly design and client meetings, and site visits. Projects: Colonie Apartments CA phase, Patisserie Kanoun SD, DD phases, TP Apartments CA phase KPMB is a widely respected Toronto-based firm known for elegant civic, institutional and arts projects. At KPMB I worked directly with the partners using Revit to quickly iterate massings and views. Over the course of twelve months I worked on many projects in different phases on teams from two to dozens of people. Projects: Family of Man Centre RFP (winning bid), Midsummer Theatre RFP, Globe and Mail HQ Interior DD, CD, and CA phases, UPENN Perelmann Centre DD phase, Flint Theatre Renovation SD phase
ATELIER CHANG
Atelier Chang is a four person, young, boutique Swiss firm based out of London specializing in Korean hospitality projects and London apartment renovations. At Atelier Chang I had the opportunity to work very independently on competitions and develop my own designs physically and digitally. Skymind Masterplan SD, Nepal Earthquake Emergency Competition, iLight Marina Bay Design Competition, Morton Mews Townhouse Pre-design & SD, MindGlamping media
FREELANCE CELLIST
Oakville Suzuki Association, individual cello and piano teacher, cello group coach, assistant theory teacher, camp counselor 2007-2013 SESAme String Ensemble event manager, and cellist, 2010-2012 Toronto Symphony Youth Orchestra sectional cellist, 2011-2012 Oakville Symphony Orchestra cellist and part time assisstant principal, 2011-2012
London, England | Summer 2015 Architectural Intern
Toronto area, Canada | 2009-Pres
ARCHITECTURE
AWARDS
University of Waterloo Bachelor of Architectural Studies with Distinction, 2017 University of Waterloo International Experience Award, 2016, 2017 Ontario Global Edge Award, 2015 University of Waterloo President’s Scholarship, 2012
MUSIC
Royal Conservatory of Music, Young Artists’ Academy tuition scholarship, 2012 Oakville Symphony Orchestra RBC Young Artist Award 2012, 2011
OTHER
T.A. Blakelock High School Graduate on Dean’s List T.A. Blakelock High School Award for Top Standing in Fine Arts T.A. Blakelock High School Award for Top Standing in Technological Design 5
STUDIO VINCENT ESCHALIER Paris, France | Stage | l’hiver 2017
Dessus: Comptoir en marbre | Desous: vue de salon depuis le comptoir
APROPOS DU STAGE ENG. Studio Vincent Eschalier is a young, dynamic architecture firm based in the heart of Paris’ 10th district dedicated to making generous and elegant spaces from any size or type of building. At this studio my primary project was a renovation of a patisserie and tea room in the 11th district, which I worked on as part of a two-person team. The inspiration behind this design were the colours and textures of the Moroccan tea service intended to be served here. We wanted to create an bright, airy, and Mediterranean atmosphere but with timeless French elegance to suit Parisian clients. In the marble veins, flooring, light 6
temperature, and metal details we aimed for honey tones and contrasted with dark banquettes and façade to relieve the brightness. My role in this project included iterating the plans, sections, and panoramic renders, selecting finishes and fixtures, as well as completing permit applications, meeting with our interior designers, clients, and other contractors every week. I also worked on several apartment renovations in CA, all located within l’Île de France, for which we visited site weekly to inspect, checklist, and photograph. This firm operates only in French and greatly improved my language skills. Photo de salon
Photo de surélévation sur le rue
Coupe à travers le salon
Plan de salon
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KPMB ARCHITECTS Toronto, Canada | Fall 2014, Spring and Summer 2016 Internship
Stratford Theatre Competition - Aerial View of Theatres
ABOUT THE INTERNSHIP KPMB Architects is an award winning, Canadian architecture practice with a notable and broad impact on Canadian theatre design. During my 12 months internship I had the opportunity to work on a variety projects of different scales and phases including an RFP for a new theatre house, shown here. The submission proposed a group of curvaceous pavilions as a means to embody a village and the lake. I was involved for the entire duration of this seven week competition as part of the seven-person core design team which included two named partners and a principal. I was responsible for developing the massing and base model 8
in Revit and Rhino through digital model and render views, designing elevations and plans, and producing the finished quality plans, sections, and diagrams. At KPMB I also worked on several other projects in various phases including an office tower competition, a concert hall renovation, an interior fitout in CD, a university building in DD, and many small pursuits as sole assistant to partner Chris Couse. I developed my skills for collaborating with consultants, large and small teams, and improved my proficiency with Revit, Sketchup, CAD, Photoshop, and Illustrator. With the mentorship of my colleagues I honed my design sense and technical skill.
View in Theatre
View fr.Garden
Long Section through theatre for Stratford Theatre Design Competition
Cross Section through theatre for Stratford Theatre Design Competition
View of theatre from across lake
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ATELIER CHANG London, England | Summer 2015 Internship
Plans of Ground, First, and Second floors, option 1
ABOUT THE INTERNSHIP Atelier Chang is a fourperson award-winning boutique design practice based in South Kensington, London. The design philosophy is to create innovative design through dedicated research into context, materials, and technology. The studio works on projects in Asia and Europe especially in hospitality at multiple scales of design, covering masterplans, architecture, interior design, installations, and products. My work here included a disaster relief shelter, an apartment renovation, and a lighting installation design alongside a masterplan, and several resorts. Along with the other 10
three studio members, all contractors, I worked highly independently on all drawings and designs. At Atelier Chang I learned to use Rhino and Grashopper effectively in a work flow as well as practicing CAD and Photoshop. The home renovation, shown here, involved surveying existing conditions, drafting plans, and creating mood boards for meeting the clients. The design was driven by the conflicting requirements to provide storage and create open feeling space inside a small London townhouse. Guided by the astute aesthetic sense of Soohyun Chang I produced some of my proudest internship work.
View of Kitchen Option 2
View of Basement Option 2
Elevations and section of Morton Mews
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LEE
LODGE AT THE BROUGH OF BIRSAY Summer 2017 | 4B Orkney Islands Studio Team Lara Isaac | Professor Andrew Levitt
Roof Terrace
ABOUT THE PROJECT The Orkney Islands are a land of raw elements, ancient beauty, and mystic gatherings. This lodge is wrought from the stone of the natural landscape to give the visitors an elemental experience. Elevated as if pulled out of the hillside, the lodge creates sheltered outdoor spaces, lees, all around, above, and beneath it. The wind, rain, rock, and sky are the soul and shroud of this lodge. These sheltered spaces serve all the residents including manager, diners, 12
Upper Floor
Lower Floor
visitors, and especially the artists who are given magnificent vistas to paint. The orientation and rotation of the interior and exterior spaces visually connects all the inhabitants to the landscape around them and to each other.
It is partially embedded in the bedrock to increase thermal efficiency and as a strategy to collect groundwater. The lodge is kept as one building so that the mechanical systems can be compact and efficient. The building is oriented to the natural striations of tidal rocks for views and presents its long faces to the south and north.
The design is driven by comfort, both interior and exterior. The lodge is sited on the leeward northern horn of the island to maximally mitigate wind and be elevated away from the waves. The natural slope of the site enables water drainage away from the building.
This studio ran parallel to a building technology course, for which we detailed the project and its systems.
CANTILEVER OVERHANG DETAIL 1. Green Roof Domestic grass seed in 50mm substrate, 50mm free draining granular stone, 200mm extruded polystyrene insulation, Drainage mat, 4-6mm protection board sloped at 2%, Bituminous rubber membrane - vapour and water barrier, 200mm two-way reinforced concrete slab, 300mm spray foam insulation in dropped ceiling space, R25
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+10900mm
2. Triple Glazed Curtain Wall, 12mm Glass, 16mm cavity, 12mm glass, Silicone seal, Head: Shock thermal break for parapet, 50mm ceiling space, wood door header, Foot: 50mm interior vent, wood door jamb, 50mm exterior drain, R4 3. Floated concrete floor system for thermal mass, Cast in radiant floor heating, 100mm insulated stud space, 100mm wood studs, 200mm two-way reinforced structural concrete slab, 600mm dropped ceiling space (to run vents below beams)
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+7900
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4. Accessible roof with parapet, see detail above 5. Parapet and handrail 6. Double glazed door header and wood framed balcony awning
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7. Accessible balcony and operable wood framed glass door sill Wood blocking in balcony overhang, glass railing. Framing into concrete wall with typical overhanging edge, see detail above 8. 20mm wood planking on 50mm strapping, Tubes for water-based radiant floor heating, 250mm cast-in-place 2-way reinforced concrete slab, 500mm cast-in-place reinforced, post-tensioned concrete beam (beyond) 9. 18ga galvanized steel Z-Girt, cross girted, 300mm rigid insulation, 25mm airspace, 20mm wood plank soffit finish, R65 10. 20mm GWB interior finish, 150mm wood stud w spray foam insulation, 100mm concrete wall, Lapping air-vapour membrane, 400mm rigid insulation (to embed depth of beams), 25mm airspace, 50mm slate cladding, R44.5
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+3900mm
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11. 20mm wood planking on 50mm strapping, Tubes for water-based radiant floor heating, 250mm cast-in-place 2-way reinforced concrete slab, 100mm drop ceiling space on wood studs, 20mm wood plank ceiling finish, Recessed corner light in reveal 12. Interior wood cladding, 200mm spray foam insulation, 300mm reinforced concrete wall, Lapping air-vapour membrane 100mm rigid insulation, 25mm airspace, 25mm slate cladding
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12 -600mm
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13. 50mm wood floor finish on strapping, 200mm concrete slab on grade, Air-vapour membrane, 100mm rigid insulation, Drainage mat, Backfill soil
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14. Drainage mat, 100mm rigid insulation Air vapour membrane, 300mm concrete foundation wall, Dry piled site-quarried slate steps, Base: 500mm concrete footing
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15. Site quarried slate tiles grouted to base, Drainage tiles, Fully adhered air-water-vapour membrane, 200mm slab on grade, Backfill gravel, Backfill soil
-2400mm
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16. Site quarried slate pool tiling, Drainage tiles, Fully adhered air-water-vapour membrane, 200mm reinforced concrete foundation wall, Air-water-vapour membrane, drainage mat, Loose packed gravel and drainage pipe, backfill soil
Detail Section through Cantilever and Pool LEGEND 1.Drying 2. Sauna 3. Deck 4. Steam Room 5. Lounge 6. Art gallery 7. Accommodations 8. Permanent gallery 9. Artist’s residence 10. Artist’s Studio 11. Viewing deck
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Long Section
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View from Lounge
View across causeway
View in Hotel hall toward lounge
View out of Artists’ Loft
View of outdoor plunge pool
LOUNGE SPACE WINDOW WALL SECTION DETAIL 1-20 1. Green Roof Domestic grass seed in 50mm substrate 50mm free draining granular stone 200mm extruded polystyrene insulation Drainage mat 4-6mm protection board sloped at 2% Bituminous rubber membrane - vapour and water barrier 200mm two-way reinforced concrete slab 300mm spray foam insulation in dropped ceiling space R25
+7300mm
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+10900mm
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2. Parapet 3mm stainless steel parapet cap Under cap flashing 100mm extruded polystyrene insulation Plywood mullion support strip 3. Clear insulated triple glazed window 8mm toughened glass + 16mm cavity + 2x4mm safety glass sloped at 2% R4 4. Insulated corner cap mullion
+7300mm
5. Insulated intermediate mullion typ.
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6. Structural window box wood frame 7. Sunken return air vent Sloped stone drainage sill Adhesive flashing 8. Exposed concrete floor for thermal mass Cast in radiant floor heating 200mm two-way reinforced structural concrete slab 600mm dropped ceiling space (to run vents below beams) 9. 20mm wood wall finish 200mm spray foam insulated stud space 300mm concrete foundation wall Air-vapour membrane 150mm extruded polystyrene insulation Protection board Drainage mat Backfill soil Base: Loose fill gravel and drainage pipe 500mm concrete footing cast on to bedrock R30
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+3900mm
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10. 50mm wood floor finish on strapping 200mm concrete slab on grade Air-vapour membrane 100mm rigid insulation Drainage mat Backfill soil
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+10900mm
+3900mm
+0mm
+0mm
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Intermediate mullion and backup wood column plan and section detail
Detail Section Through Curtain Wall LEGEND 1. Manager’s residence 2. Reception 3. Drying 4. Waiting & Drying 5. Patio 6. Lounge
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Cross Section
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+7300mm
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CROSSxSTITCH Fall 2016 | 4A ‘Rome’ Studio Final Project Team Lara Isaac, Liyang Zhang | Professor Lorenzo Pignotti
Edge
Push/Pull
Zones
Porosity
ABOUT THE PROJECT This studio project asked for a mixed civic, commercial, and residential project to connect Rome’s Tuscolano suburb with the adjacent Aqueduct park. The project attempts to ‘stitch’ together the existing community with the influx of refugees by mixing hostel and temporary housing alongside the permanent apartments. This project was completed while travelling and studying abroad with University of Waterloo’s Rome Program. Using a simple ribbon building and subtle landscaping moves, we define four distinct public piazzas
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to meet each programmed use. The residential and ruins plazas are more enclosed to create more intimate, private atmospheres, while the market square and rooftop park provide open and expansive public spaces. Our ‘urban’ and ‘park’ facades are distinguished using cool and warm coloured finishes which help define the character of the spaces they surround. The two sides are stitched by the careful placement of punctures through the building at multiple levels which act as common spaces and entryways. These allow us to avoid long monotonous hallways and create
usage zones with their own entry and privacy. By balancing private entries with large public spaces, we hope to encourage community engagement. Above: Site strategy diagrams Left: Physical Model - craft paper, plexiglass, wood
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Residential Courtyard
Ruins Park
Public Plaza
Rooftop Park
Ruins Park Section
Public Plaza Section
Rooftop Park Section 18
Overall Axonometric
Residential Courtyard Section
PUBLIC SPACE
Public Connection Private Connection
Cross-Stitch adopts the ribbon-like geometry of the aqueducts and curves to create four distinct piazzas - residential, park, urban, and roof terrace. The two-two alternating balance of park and urban plazas creates a variety of atmospheres for the residential, commercial, educational, and community programs.
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A
B
Ground Floor Plan
C
D
LEGEND
F E
COMMON SPACE 1. Kitchen, Lounge, Leisure 2. Lounge 3. Gym/Lounge/Leisure DORMITORY/TEMPORARY LIVING UNITS 4. 2-3 bed unit 5. 1-2 bed unit
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1 BEDROOM/STUDIO UNITS 6. 1 Bedroom unit 7. Studio unit FAMILY UNITS 8. Single height family unit 9. Double height family unit 10. Family unit with sun room BALCONY 11. BALCONY
Upper Floor Plan
Above: View from Northwest Corner, Below: View in Ruins Courtyard
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A
LIBRARY The library provides an open educational resource for people of all ages. Its major public role stitches together the main street and the existing park. The dual address to city and park ordains both lively and quiet spaces.
B
KINDERGARTEN The kindergarten provides an essential amenity for young families in and around this development. Facing the shared residential courtyard and the ruins park, it acts as a stitching element between city and park. The free floating classroom boxes increase the sense of openness and porosity to connect the kindergarten to its surroundings.
C
Hostel & Temporary Lodging
D
These rooms are intended to house newcomers to the community. Each room for one to six people has its own desks and bathrooms, and shares the common spaces.
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Mixed Family Lodging The one, two, and three bedroom two-storey apartments are available for couples who expand into families. Because these are family units, these areas do not have common spaces and double level units save on hallways space.
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Singles and Couples Lodging These studios and one room apartments are the first upgrade from the hostel. To save hallways space the apartments are clustered around every core, with a common space every two levels.
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Large Family Lodging This area has large, single level apartment units ideal for older community members who with or with grown families. Each unit has garden spaces and balconies in the common space to interact with the courtyard.
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FUTURE FISHERIES Fall 2015 | 3B ‘Newfoundland’ Studio Final Project | Featured in Studio Exhibition Team Lara Isaac, Tomas Masilaukus | Professor Lola Sheppard
ABOUT THE PROJECT This studio asked for an economically and culturally engaging project of any kind sited anywhere in Newfoundland. We began with a month of research and visiting both the growing and declining, urban and remote areas of the province. We were most interested in the Newfoundland’s collapsed fishing 24
culture, the quickly growing aquaculture industry, and the newly emerging local cuisine. We researched modern culinary and food writing and were inspired by farm-to-table philosophies chef such as in Dan Barber’s book The Third Plate
and his real world supplied Veta la Palma extensive aquaculture park near Seville, Spain. Like Veta la Palma, many of Newfoundland’s outports provide a unique post-industrial landscapes with a combination of pristine and sheltered water bodies, unused infrastructure, and a wealth of local talent provide which
are resources for extensive aquaculture. By choosing an outport near a former airstrip and an historic tourism district we anticipate future demand for fresh regional and global exports and ecotourism. By combining farm and restaurant in this one facility we promote local, sustainable, and fresh cuisine.
The architecture is designed to reflect the cycles of use, vernacular fishing stage design, and industrial megastructure architecture. We wanted to give the outport community a shared “living room� as common space is often only available at bars. To make the space inviting we designed mostly in section
and perspective. The wrapping form creates a sheltered cove so the ocean is truly the renewed heart of the outport. This project earned the bronze grade in our studio and was featured in the architecture school’s student work end of year show. 25
Historic and modern fishing facilities in Newfoundland
SITE STUDY To create our deign brief we conducted a week of research into Newfoundland’s history and culture. I chose to research fishing because it is central Newfoundland’s identity, and the economic fuel for its colonization. I studied the production methods over time, mapped the fisheries and exports, and compiled historic drawings and writing. Because of its pristine geography of coves and inlets, and the large population of fishermen, Newfoundland cod was a British staple for hundreds of years. Architecturally, I was intrigued by the communal quality of traditional fishing villages and the architecture of fishing stages - wooden piers over water. However, because of industrialization and the 1988 Cod Collapse, this lifestyle will never be regained. Therefore in our design brief we chose to investigate aquaculture as the sustainable alternative fishing. Fish domestication is an ancient practice and though it is not yet popular, aquaculture is a quickly growing industry while wild catch declines. 26
Decline of fishing and growth of aquaculture in the global fish trade
TRADITIONAL PROCESSING TILTING
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING ARNOLD’S COVE
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Map of Placentia Region - the aquaculture park leverages the resources of Newfoundland’s remote outports
Fox Harbour’s cove provides a sheltered and centralized site for aquaculture
The fish’s life cycle unfolds across the bay 28
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LEGEND 1.Nursing Pens 2.Spawning and Nursery 3.Labs 4.Lobby 5.Administration 6.Marina 7.Library 8.Cafe 9.Loading and Processing 10.Classroom 11.Restaurant
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Above: Sectional Perspective through Aquaculture Wing: Tanks above and boat mooring below, with loading dock at end
Above: Sectional Perspective across bay: Nursing with Marina below, patio and lobby in middle, and restaurant on right
Above: Detail model of dock/net paddock, mussel strings, and fish
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Above: Site model of Aquaculture facility and town, from north
Building underside docks walk and mussel strings
Above: Lobby, library, and cafe, Below: Scuba area, walking docks, and bird island
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A CHAIR FOR ISAAC ASIMOV Fall 2015 | Design-Build Workshop | Team Lara Isaac, Ilhan Ozdemir
ORBIT MODE
SPIN MODE
ABOUT THE CHAIR The Asimov Chair is designed to capture the freethinking, energetic, and humanist spirit of the author Isaac Asimov’s science fiction writing. Asimov was a prominent professor, author, and activist based in New York in the 1950’80s, best remembered for Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics and the sci-fi Foundation. Just as the Space Age’s inspired Asimov’s epic and energetic stories, it inspired us to design an epic and energetic chair. Inspired by 2001: A Space Odyssey, Heatherwick’s Spun Chair, and lunar landers, we designed a symmetrical, circular chair with two dynamic modes of use. In Orbit Mode 32
the chair gyrates like a top, simulating of the disorientation of space. It is a chair for one, symbolizing independence. In Spin Mode the chair revolves like a rocket, a simulation of satellites’ motion. In this position it is a chair for many (we tried up to six), symbolizing cooperation. The design of this chair was iterated using grasshopper and CNC cut from laminations of 18.5mm plywood. The assembly is a variation on a wagon wheel and depends on tight mortise and tenon joints, where tolerances were the biggest challenge. Including all testing, manufacturing, and machine time, the chair cost about $350CAD.
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STORMS AND SEWERS Fall 2015 | ArcGIS Research Workshop | Team Lara Isaac, Teresa Tran | Professor Mona El-Khafif | Site Toronto, Canada
COMPARE SECTIONS
DOWNTOWN CORE
Majority of permeable surfaces include: 1 Street side Tree Planting Grates 2 Landscaped Property Space (Lawns/Yards) 3 Park Spaces
MAP OF GREENERY
FINANCIAL DISTRICT
TORONTO’S SEWER CRISIS
This project was part of a master’s level GIS (Geographic Information Systems) elective and maps Toronto’s vulnerability to storms in terms of Natural and Artificial factors including topography, control features, sewer plant capacity, population density, and impermeable ground area. The 36
IMPERMEABLE SURFACES: LOW CAPACITY AREAS Majority of impermeable surfaces include: 1 Parking lots 2 Street paving 3 Sidewalks 4 Building roof tops
MAP OF PAVING
On July 8, 2013, about 9 billion litres of water fell on Toronto, and caused over 3800 basement floods and billions in property damage. The huge extent of the damage was a result poor storm water infrastructure. Such catastrophic storms have and will become more frequent as climate changes, and mitigation requires careful research and design.
PERMEABLE SURFACES: HIGH CAPACITY AREAS
critical concern is Downtown Toronto’s archaic combined sewer system, which, during storms, bypasses raw sewage directly into Lake Ontario. This causes widespread ecological and health concerns and decreases the lake’s ability to filter out toxic chemicals. Our project is inspired by the growing acknowledgment in the press and in academia that flooding is a primary concern for landscape architects, urban planners, and architects, who can minimize the impact of flooding through design. Through research we identify our problem, identify the site of greatest concern, explore control options, and propose solutions.
MITIGATING FLOODS, STREET BY STREET Bioswales are small, dispersed flood mitigation that can be retrofitted with little disruption and reduce flood damage by increasing infiltration and drainage. They
both protect the city and improve the streetscapes.
PRECIPITATION
Above: Sidewalk with bioswale, Below: Sidewalk without bioswale
DRAINAGE BASIN
STREET RUNOFF INLET BIOSWALE DRAINAGE
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TORONTO REGION WATERSHEDS Floodplains, natural cover, watercourses, flood control structures
GROUNDCOVER BY REGION Building Footprints
25%
Paved Sidewalks
impermeable ground
Paved Roads
75% green areas
Paved Parcels
TORONTO’S WATER
Rivers and Waterbodies
THE WATERSHEDS OF TO Toronto, which drain thro down into the lake. The 11,400km2, contains ov watercourses, and 1,440k Municipalities of Vaughn Gormley, and Pickering.
Designated Parks
FLOODPLAINS
NATURAL COVERAGE DESIGNATED PARK SPACES COMBINED SEWER NEIGHBOURHOODS WATERSHED BOUNDARIES Rivers and Waterbodies Designated Parks
WATERCOURSES FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES60% Building Footprints
"
impermeable ground
HUMBER RIVER WATERSHEDS HUMBER RIVER PONDS
40%
TORONTO’S COMBI SEWER SYSTEM AREA
DON RIVER WATERSHEDS
unpaved
DON RIVER PONDS
TORONTO’S COMBINED SEW area of 143 km2 or about 22. the only system which serv This region contains Toronto to 1,525,000 people. 11km2 o 24.3km2 is paved roads sidewalks. Buildings represe land area. In total about 58 Toronto’s combined sewer sy the remaining 58km2 of lan designated park space. The watercourses. The people in this area gen wastewater every day. Ever generates about 166,000,00 rainfall. The combined cap which serve this area is 852,0
Paved Sidewalks
MUNICIPAL PONDS/STREAMS
NATURAL WATER SYSTEMS The Greater Toronto Area watershed encompasses all of Toronto and is broken into smaller watersheds corresponding to the major rivers. The natural aspect of catastrophic flooding can be understood in terms of rainfall, flooding control, and infiltration capacity. A mapping exercise reveals that downtown flooding is exacerbated by low infiltration capacity, low elevation, river confluence, and fewer control structures.
Paved Roads
Paved Parcels
GTA PAVING: 43% Rivers and Waterbodies Building Footprints
Designated Parks
43% impermeable ground
Sewer System
Paved Sidewalks
THE CITY OF TORONT
57%
THE CITY OF TORONTO ha served in part by a combin and in part by a combine The total population is Unused paved parcels rep surface area. About 72.2k is paved sidewalk, and 9 area is covered by buildin Toronto’s total area is impe represent about 71km2, o ground area. The people 1,078,793,000 of wast combined capacity of all Toronto is conservatively 1,650,000,000L.
unpaved Paved Roads
WATERSHEDS
Paved Parcels
GREATER TORONTO WATERSHED AREA 5km
10km
Green Areas
RAINFALL SEVERITY
50km
Watershed Boundary River
TORONTO COMBINED WATERSHEDS DATA
DON RIVER WATERSHED
/Toronto Watersheds /Forest and Wetland Cover: 24.5% /Intact Natural Cover: 25% /Population: 7,000,000 /Ecological value/Hectare: $2,000 - $3,000 /Lake Ontario Volume: 1,640 km³
July 8, 2013: 126.0mm
Natural Waterways
Rest of 2013: 809.5mm
steeles avenue
905 Region (unknown)
DON RIVER WATERSHED
highway 401
5km 10km
Separated Sewer Area
50km
Stormwater Management Ponds Retention Ponds Flood Control Structures
Don River Watershed Data /Area 358 km² /Mean Stream Flow (mouth) 4.0 m3/sec /Population (2011) 1,211,350 /Surface Water Quality Grade: F Every millimeter of rainfall contributes 358,000,000 L of water to the Don River Watershed
Combined Sewer Area
HUMBER RIVER WATERSHED
Watersheds
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES OVERFLOW
INLET
905 Region (unknown)
OVERFLOW
INLET
OUTLET
steeles avenue
HUMBER RIVER WATERSHED 5km 10km
50km
Humber River Watershed
highway 404
Stormwater Management Ponds
HUMBER RIVER WATERHSED DATA Separated Sewer Area
Combined Sewer Area
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/Area 911 km² /Mean Stream Flow (mouth) 6.8 m3/sec /Population (2011) 856,200 /Surface Water Quality Grade: C Every millimeter of rainfall contributes 911,000,000 L of water to the Humber River Watershed
Topography
Retention Pond
Detention Pond
Always wet, more full in floods
Usually dry, fills up in floods
DOWNTOWN TORONTO SEWER SYSTEM Treatment Plants, Water Systems, Sewer Systems, and Paved Areas
PAVED AREAS TORONTO MUNICIPALITY COMBINED SEWER NEIGHBOURHOODS WATERMAIN SEWER TRUNKS COMBINED SEWER TRUNKS DRAINAGE BASINS WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
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SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
ARTIFICIAL WATER SYSTEMS CITY OF TORONTO PAVING: 25%
Toronto is served by four main sewage plants and divided into four sewer sheds. Through GIS mapping, we can see that the worst problem is in the downtown core which is served by an archaic Combined Storm and Sewer system. In addition to the natural hazards, this area also has the largest sewage population. SEWAGEgenerating SHEDS CITY OF TORONTO SEWER ZONES 5km
10km
GROUNDCOVER BY REGION GROUNDCOVER BY REGION Building Footprints
25%
Paved Sidewalks
impermeable ground
Building Footprints
25%
Paved Roads Paved Sidewalks
impermeable ground
Paved Parcels Paved Roads
75%
TORONTO’S WATER
Rivers and Waterbodies
green areas
Paved Parcels
75%
Rivers and Waterbodies Designated Parks
green areas
Water System
Designated Parks
DOWNTOWN PAVING: 60%
50km
Rivers and Waterbodies
Watershed Boundary
Designated Parks
SEWAGE TRUNKS WATERMAINS
60%
Building Footprints Rivers and Waterbodies
impermeable ground
Designated Parks
NORTH
60%
Building Footprints
Sewer System
impermeable TORONTO’S COMBIN ground SEWER SYSTEM AREA
40% unpaved
TORONTO’S COMBINED SEW TORONTO’S COMBIN area of 143 km2 or about 22.6 SEWER SYSTEM AREA the only system which serve This region contains Toronto’s TORONTO’S COMBINED SEW to 1,525,000 people. 11km2 o or about 22.6a area of 143iskm2 24.3km2 paved roads the only system which serve sidewalks. Buildings represen This region contains Toronto’s land area. In total about 58. to 1,525,000 people.sewer 11km2sys o Toronto’s combined 24.3km2 is paved a the remaining 58km2roads of land sidewalks. represen designatedBuildings park space. The land area. In total about 58. watercourses. Toronto’s combined sewer sys The people in this area gene the remaining 58km2 land wastewater every day.ofEvery designated park 166,000,000 space. The generates about watercourses. rainfall. The combined capa The people area gene which serve in thisthis area is 852,00 wastewater every day. Every generates about 166,000,000 rainfall. The combined capa which serve this area is 852,00
Paved Sidewalks
40%
NORTH TORONTO 34,000,000 L
unpaved
/opened in 1929 /27-hectare site /initial user of biological activated sludge process
Paved Sidewalks
Paved Roads
HIGHLAND CREEK 219,000,000 L
Combined Sewer Area
Paved Parcels Paved Roads
Paved Parcels
/began operation in 1956 /59-hectare site /was upgraded from 18,000,000 L /operates 24/7
Permeable Ground Impermeable Ground 40% evapotranspiration +75% evaportranspiration 43%
HUMBER
Rivers and Waterbodies
Designated Parks
Paved Areas
Building Footprints
impermeable ground
Rivers and Waterbodies Designated Parks
Building Footprints
Paved Sidewalks
HUMBER 473,000,000 L
/began operating in 1960 /45.3-hectare site /starting capacity was 227,000,000 L /serves Etobicoke, York... /operates 24/7
57%
43%
impermeable ground
Paved Sidewalks
unpaved
ASHBRIDGES
Paved Roads
57% unpaved
Paved Roads
ASHBRIDGES BAY 818,000,00 L
/built in 1910 /40.5-hectare site /formerly called “main treatment plant” /primary digesters processing raw and activated sludge /operates 24/7
THE WATERSHEDS OF TOR Toronto, which drain throu TORONTO’S WATER down into the lake. The 11,400km2, contains ov THE WATERSHEDS TOR watercourses, and OF 1,440km Toronto, which of drain throu Vaughn Municipalities down into the lake. The Gormley, and Pickering. 11,400km2, contains ov watercourses, and 1,440km Municipalities of Vaughn Gormley, and Pickering.
Water Shed
10% Runoff to Sewers
50% Infiltration
Paved Parcels
Paved Parcels
THE CITY OF TORONTO
THE CITY OF TORONTO has served in part by a combine THEinCITY part OF by aTORONTO combined and The total population is THE CITYpaved OF TORONTO has parcels repr Unused partAbout by a combine served surfaceinarea. 72.2km in part by a combined and is paved sidewalk, and 99 The is total population is area covered by building parcels repr Unused Toronto’spaved total area is imper surface area. About 72.2km represent about 71km2, or is pavedarea. sidewalk, and 99o ground The people area is covered by 1,078,793,000 of building waste Toronto’s total area isofimper combined capacity all t represent 71km2, or Toronto isabout conservatively ground area. The people o 1,650,000,000L. 1,078,793,000 of waste combined capacity of all t Toronto is conservatively 1,650,000,000L.
55% Runoff to Sewers
15% Infiltration
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LETTER OF REFERENCE
Atelier Chang 33 Marloes Road W8 6LG London United Kingdom
01 Sep 2015 Dear Whom It may Concern, Lara Jing Yen Isaac worked as an intern in Atelier Chang during May till end of July in 2015. She was supporting Skymind Resort Masterplan project, Minihouse housing scheme, and lead an independent competition project for Light installation called Dreamweaver and Earthquake Emergency in Nepal. Also she put together a planning application for a residential project London in Kensington and Chelsea borough. Throughout the internship, she carried out each project with high standard of design and responsibility. She absorbed and acquired new set of skills in no time in order to fully perform her creative design potential. Her keen interest in sustainability was also very helpful to our projects. We believe she will exceed your expectation whenever she ends up going. If you have any questions, please feel free to email us at info@atelierchang.com. Bests, Soohyun Chang
Principal of Atelier Chang
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THANKS FOR READING!
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