The Daily Dose

he

Daily Dose Technically, it's medicine Take a look at t h e in cor por at ion of n ew t ech n ologies in t o t h e f ield of m edicin e pg. 1

Medicine, but with sports Fin d ou t abou t h ow spor t s is h eavily in t er t w in ed w it h m edicin e an d t h e r ole t h at at h let ic t r ain er s play by u t ilizin g m edicin e an d per son al exper ien ce

pg. 13

Issue 1 / Spring 2021

CBD's effect on emotion Read abou t Covid-19's im pact on societ y an d h ow CBD oil m igh t give u s a ch an ce t o com bat t h e n egat ive em ot ion al pr oblem s r esu lt in g f r om t h e pan dem ic pg. 19

More than just a cell Get an in sigh t on t h e com plexit y an d in t r icacies of bat t lin g can cer pg. 07

Table of Contents 01 Technically, Its Medicine 05 07

A Brief History of Medical Technology More Than Just a Cell

11 Cancer Coaster 13 Medicine, But With Sports 17 Prosthetics Through the Ages 19 CBD's effect on emotion 23 All About The Virus 25 Letter From the Editors 26 Credits

Technically, Its Medicine A Deep Dive into Working With Medical Technology

By Noah Loy

orking in medicine can be difficult. Doctors often use many different technologies when treating patients, diagnosing them, and even just keeping records. Dr Morledge believes that technology makes many tasks easier and opens up new treatment options as well. These can include deep brain stimulators.

W

? Deep brain stimulation involves implanting electrodes in the deep Pg 1 The Daily Dose

structures of the brain for Parkinson''s disease and severe tremors. I use a small computer to adjust the stimulation frequency, amplitude and pulse width of the stimulation device,? says said Dr. David Morledge.

These diseases shut down certain parts of the brain, which is what causes the symptoms. These electrodes generate electrical impulses to reactivate that section of the brain. They can have massive positive

have in this electrical device and their body for the rest of their life, and that creates some issues. Sometimes. The problem is, you know there's an increased incentive for certain people to go the route of stimulators. For example, stimulators pay very well, for positions and for facilities. So again, you have this issue in medicine in this country where things are motivated by money. So it's not necessarily that

impacts on a

" Now, you've

patient's life.

Electrode implants can also be used to treat pain by being planted near the spine and blocking pain signals from your nerves to your

committed somebody to having this electrical device and their body for the rest of their life" - Dr. Joe Urquidez, Doctor at Texas Neurorehab Center

stimulators are right for everybody but stimulators avoid prescribing narcotics and they generate revenue. ?

mind. However,there

This highlights one

are problems with electorde

of the overarching

technologies. As Dr. Joe Urquidez puts it, ?It's a little bit of a tricky intervention because we're implanting this electrical you know where this electrode in the nervous system and you know you can obviously damage nerves and cause major harm,? Urquidez said. ?The other problem is, once you put

problems with medical technology in the United States. ? The problem is, you know, medicine in the United States in particular, is driven by money. That's the reality. Medicine is a business in this country. It's not a right, ? says Dr. Urquidez.

However, some technology is

them in almost impossible to take out.

almost universally useful, it seems.

Now, you've committed somebody to

Electromyography, often referred to The Daily Dose Pg 2

as EMG, is a piece of equipment that when giving injections, uses a special needle that records information as the needle is inserted. There?s also fluoroscopy, which gives a live x-ray image of the patient during procedures so that doctors can see exactly what they are doing. ? Using ultrasound guidance for doing you know, injections was something that I adopted at the beginning of my career and was not very commonplace at that time. And you know, whether I was going to get paid or not, I felt compelled to use it because I knew it was the future of how we're gonna do you know injections for patients,? says Dr. Urquidez on the subject of fluoroscopy.

Even with all of this technology currently in use, there are?s always new technologiesy being developed. When asked what technology he hoped would become a standard, Dr. Morledge replied, ?Genetic testing to determine proper course of treatment for various disease processes. The genetic testing is rapidly developing, and should be ready for prime time in 5 to 8 years.? Genetic testing would essentially allow for really quick and precise diagnoses for certain diseases. Then, you could treat the patient before symptoms start to onset. A lot of work goes into the development of this technology. ?So I've served as a medical advisor for a lot of different technology companies.

There are a lot of companies that are involved in different areas of sort of tech, if you will. Tech Pg 3 The Daily Dose

from the standpoint of diagnosing but also tech from the standpoint of treatment. And so, some of the medical devices that I've been involved with are like Medtronic, which is the largest medical device company in the world. I've been a medical advisor with them for over 10 years, involved with, sort of the research and development of their intrafecal pump. So they actually have a medical pump that's implanted into patients and infuses medication into their body. And so you know that the catheter that's used for that pump to infuse medication and then the pump itself are things that, you know, they kind of lean on us on occasion for feedback in terms of how to sort of improve that,? says Dr. Urquidez.

Of course, it?s not only the doctors that the technology affects. With many patients relying upon this technology to live and be active, most patients have pretty good responses to technology. ?I certainly think patients appreciated that because they knew that they were getting, you know, a higher level of service, if you will, from their provider. And you know, it adds a sense of comfort because there's no question that we were using you know, technologies are new developments. The idea is that you're improving efficacy, but also improving safety. And you know, that's what everybody wants.

Everybody wants to get a result and know that it's safer,? says Dr. Urquidez.

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A Brief History of Medical Technology

1846 - First painless surgery using a generic anesthetic

By Noah Loy 1840

1816 - The Stethoscope is invented

2021 - First mRNA vaccines put into effect during the Covid-19 pandemic

1820 - Quinine extracted and used to treat malaria worldwide

1800

1820

2020

2000

2013 - First human kidney and liver grown in a lab

2019 - Human heart 3-D printed from patients cells

1998 - Stem Cell Therapy

!985 - Polymerase Chain reaction created by Kary Mullis to rapidly copy specific sections of DNA

1980

!964 create

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1896 - Cholera heat killed vaccine created, paves the way for modern vaccines

1896 - X-rays first used to remove bullets from soldiers

1860 1901 - Safe and reliable blood transfusion procedures 1890s - Aspirin is mass produced 1901 - Electrocardiography invented by Willem Einthoven 1880

1900 !900s - Small pox considered eradicated as almost everyone is vaccinated

1940

1920

1923 - 1927 - First vaccines for Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tuberculosis, and Tetanus !955 - Polio Vaccine created and distributed 1960

- Measles Vaccine ed and distributed

1960 - Anesthetic Nitrous oxide becomes common practice

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More Than Just a Cell A look at two different perspectives of cancer and how it affects people lives.

cancer does not just "affect" those who are diagnosed with it.

"One out of two men will get cancer in their lifetime and one out of three women will get cancer "," "Patt said".

Two people who would have never met each other in

By Roman Edwards

A in

ngela Isaack is a cancer survivor that lives Austin, Texas, and Dr. Debra Patt is an

oncologist that specializes in breast cancer and treating patients that have been referred to her because of breast cancer Being referred to an oncologist can be very scary. As someone who has not had a family history of cancer, "Angela Isaack" was very surprised "to be there".

"My grandfather had prostate cancer in his eighties, this being the only family history,?

Isaack said.

According to Dr. Debra Patt, "an Austin-based oncologist, cancer is more common than many believe. " "One out of two men will get cancer in their lifetime and one out of three women will get cancer "," Patt said.

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. Taking more than 10 million lives in 2020, Pg 7 The Daily Dose

their lives can be drawn together.

Just as there are many different forms of cancer "," there can be many different reactions. When she received

This is the very type of reaction that Dr. Patt loves to see out of her patients.

"I like taking care of people in

the news Isaack was shocked.

difficult situations, and seeing them

"I felt sad but within a day or two I was

through it,? Dr. Patt said.

optimistic"," Isaack said". ?I became

As for technology, day to day Dr.

very optimistic and ready for the fight if

Patt works with many different tools

you will."

and technology that help her do her

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job.

alcohol moderately, and keeping a healthy body weight those are things

"I work with

that can lower your

a lot of different technology:

" You have to not be afraid to share

electronic health

your situation with family and

records,

friends because in the end, that's

mammography,

what gets you through it is the love

electronic

and support from your family."

patient-reported outcomes tools

-Angela Isaak, cancer survivor

chances and when you're old enough you can screen for it and catch it early so it's likely your cancer can be cured."

When it came to

that patients use

Angela's battle with

to characterize

cancer. " I was

their treatment journey, predictive

diagnosed at stage one," said Angela,

algorithms, computer systems to help

who was 54 when diagnosed with

for chemotherapy," Dr. Patt said.

stage one breast cancer. Her

Speaking from experience,

treatment consisted of "I did six weeks

Angela had also used these

of radiation and at that point, I was

instruments

considered cancer-free so the time

"There was something called a 3D mammogram which is probably

frame would have been around three months" said Angela.

Now cancer-free for over

the best tech that we have right now, my gynecologist referred me to a 3D

3-years, Angela continues to live life to

mammogram and I showed they

the fullest. Dr. Patt is still treating

spotted it," Isaack said.

patients every day making those in

For those who might be wondering how they can prevent their

need feel more comfortable with their situation.

"You have to not be afraid to

ways of getting cancer, Dr. Patt said.

"Well, cancer is a disease related to aging so we are all at risk of getting cancer,? Dr. Patt said. ?But if you live a healthy lifestyle, not smoking, drinking Pg 9 The Daily Dose

share your situation with family and friends because in the end, that's what gets you through it is the love and support from your family," Isaack said.

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Learning Sports Medicine Insights from professors and students

A

thletic trainers may not

"It definitely has its good

get even a fraction of

and bad days but overall I

the attention and

have enjoyed it." - Breanna

fame of their athletes

Portillo, Athletic Training Student

who they work with and keep healthy, but they still do it.

Without sports medicine, there would be no sports. Athletes would be constantly getting injured and all of their performances would be mediocre compared to what is seen today. ?It definitely has its good days and bad days but overall I have

Courtesy of Army Medicine. clinical skills that students in most other majors don?t get.?

enjoyed it. It has

University of Texas senior, Breanna Portillo

provided me the

said about her experience learning to be an

opportunity to learn

athletic trainer.

and practice hands-on

Portillo said she originally wanted to become

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a sports trainer because she loves

teach.

the sports environment, and how

?Just because you're a good

she grew to enjoy the clinical side of

clinician, doesn't make you a good

it and dealing with patients herself.

teacher,? he said

Breanna said that her goal is to become a teacher or professor.

Both Phan and Portillo emphasized the process of diagnosing patients.

?I think teaching is really important

?What happened??,?What kind of

because it?s the foundation of what

pain do you feel??, ?Has this ever

all athletic trainers know,? Portillo

happened to you before?? Portillo

said.

said athletes should first ask

The director of the University of

questions to know exactly what they

Texas sports medicine program,

should focus on, like swelling and

Kelvin Phan, explained skill is not

bruising. After that, you would feel

always related to being able to

around and see if there are

A stretch band used by athletes and by trainers Courtesy of Helisusa

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differences in anatomical structure between the injured and non-injured sides of the bodies.

When Phan was asked about this he talked a little bit more about the challenges of diagnosing. He explained how trainers don't have instant access to x-rays and how you can be completely up to date and do well with textbooks and theory but when you have a real patient in front of you and they just got injured, it?s a lot harder to diagnose. Phan talks about how physical trainers can?t really see what they are working on and a lot of it just comes down to experience.

In most medical fields,

Pg 15 The Daily Dose

Courtesy of Kelvin Phan(middle), instr

ructing student.

practitioners are able to use things that provide them with pinpoint accuracy. Stuff like X-Rays or ultrasounds just aren't readily available for trainers Just like any profession though, the learning doesn?t stop after college or any type of schooling.

Both Phan and Portillo say that they both have a lot more to learn but they still both really like athletic training.

"There is always more to learn. Another branch of medicine to study," Phan said Portillo ends with the words ?Lastly I?d tell any student interested in sports medicine to try it out. It?s better to try something out and decide it's not for you than to always wonder ?what if??

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Prosthetics Through the Ages

Courtesy of Ziad Nour These type of early prosthetics were usually made with wood and had no specifics for different people. They were absurdly uncomfortable and a lot of the people who wore them suffered from health problems. Up until after World War II, it was the best that most veterans could afford.

Number of People Who use Prosthetics

There is a steady increase of prosthetics being used in the world which is not necessarily good, but it does mean that more people who need them are getting access to them.

1994

1994

Prosthetics numbers will probably keep increasing for a while as wars keep happening, but also as countries that haven't historically had access to prosthetics, become available to the people who need them.

Courtesy of Thomas Quine Pg 17 The Daily Dose

1994

Prosthetics are not usually needed in countries that are not at war.

When a country is at war there are a lot more prosthetics needed and vice versa.

Courtesy of Ryan Somma Modern prosthetics are usually made of materials like plastics and polycarbonates. These Prosthetics can be super specialized or very comfortable for everyday use. These prosthetics have improved drastically compared to what was used in the past.

1994

1994

Prosthetics are becoming better and better due to better materials being used and more advanced technologies. Another thing that is becoming better, is how prosthetics are being produced. It is getting much easier and faster for these prosthetics to be produced.

Courtesy of AvgeekJoe The Daily Dose Pg 18

By Nima Moin

C

virus art, courtesy of Pixabay.

CBD's Effect on Emotion ovid-19 is responsible for impacting the majority of countries around the world and changing the everyday life of many citizens. With so many people surprised by the sudden appearance of Covid-19, there has been a rush to find any potential solutions to help their life return to normal.

One of the many major changes that Covid-19 has brought is the widespread emotional impact and increased symptoms from pre-existing conditions like depression and anxiety. Dr. Michael J. Telch, a psychology professor in the University of Texas at Austin, proposed a study to test the effects of different types of CBD oil, a natural compound found in the cannabis plant that is known to ease many symptoms of common health issues, against the emotional effects that Covid-19 has caused. Qualified volunteers have been given regulated doses of oil and recorded the changes in behavior and thought through a weekly set of questions that was answered over the span of multiple weeks to track any differences. The only symptoms that volunteers needed to show to qualify are depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, increased anger, or increased substance use as a result of the pandemic. This study is using CBD isolate, CBD full spectrum, and a placebo oil in order to compare the three results and look for a clear difference in the outcomes. CBD isolate is the pure form with no other compounds, full spectrum is an extract of CBD that also includes other compounds belonging to the cannabis plant, and the placebo oil is a fake treatment that acts as a comparable test to see if the Pg 19 The Daily Dose

CBD oil has an actual effect

are continuing to exercise, they?re

over the fake placebo doses.

continuing to have virtual contact

If it is shown that either CBD

at the very least with people that

isolate or full spectrum

they care about and so some of

helps reduce certain

the loneliness, isolation, and the

emotional problems, CBD oil

lack of exercise are all triggers for

could potentially help many

greater mental health problems

people recover from their

and so some of the people are

currently worsened

doing all the right things and

emotional issues due to

therefore not experiencing quite

Covid-19.

the level of problems that the

People are experiencing

people who are using more just

different effects from the

isolation and avoidance to cope.?

pandemic and as Dr. Telch

We can see how there are other

puts it, ?A number of

strategies to possibly cope with

psychologists around the world have put a lot of attention to both understanding the emotional consequences of the pandemic on people and what are the risk factors for some people really having problems while other people seem to be ok with it.? There are some key differences between the group of

Masks to help prevent the spread of Covid-19. Courtesy of Pixabay

people with worsening emotional symptoms and the ones who are coping with Covid-19 well. ?There seems to be a strong difference between the two groups,? Telch said, ?one being that the people that

this pandemic in the way that Dr. Telch contrasts the actions of both sides.

If CBD oil is proven to truly work then as Dr. Telch says, ?CBD has really no negative side effects like some kinds of drugs like

are doing reasonably well The Daily Dose Pg 20

anti-anxiety drugs tend to have some negative side effect,? which makes CBD a unique drug in the sense that there are no real downsides to using it. ?CBD oil tends to have positive side effects so not only is it working in individual problems but ? it spills over and actually does good areas,? says Telch about how the oil can help in even more

?While biological scientists are working on a vaccine, they?re surely not working on how to help people either prevent their anxiety, depression, sleep problems, or substance use problems resulting from Covid-19. So I think psychology has a really major role to play.? - Doctor Michael Telch

areas than first intended. ?It?s going to be four to six months before

?While biological scientists are working on a

we have sufficient results to be able to

vaccine, they?re surely not working on how

answer the questions about is the CBD oil,

to help people either prevent their anxiety,

either version of it, outperforming the

depression, sleep problems, or substance

placebo in terms of helping them [the

use problems resulting from Covid-19. So I

volunteers] with their mental health

think psychology has a really major role to

problems?, says Telch about the expected

play,? says Dr. Telch about how psychology

time for the

is relevant in

results to come

the pandemic.

in. Richard, a

Although

volunteer

vaccines can

participating in

protect against

the study, has

the virus itself,

already

plenty of

completed his

people will still

obligation of

suffer from the

taking the

elevated

doses and

emotional

filling the forms

complications it

so we can see

brought which

that the study

is why this

CBD oil from the Cannabis plant. Courtesy of started to take motion. Pixabay

study on the

has really

Pg 21 The Daily Dose

effects of CBD oil

could prove to potentially be very beneficial

when kids can be back in school, my

for those people.

prediction is that after the pandemic is

?That full process really, you get a text

over, many of the bigger corporations, ?

message every evening ? you click on a

because it?s so cost effective for them ? ,

link, and you do a five minute nightly survey

save money by having people work at

log of how you're doing and some different

home. Many people really enjoy not having

measures,? Richard talks about how simple

to ? get back and forth from work,? Telch

and smooth the process of participating in

explains these positive aspects and even

the study . Richard describes it as not being

mentions how ?it saved us and gives us a

a big time commitment with even the CBD

little bit more time to get our climate

oil being shipped to him by mail which

change interventions under control.?

further eased the process.

The pandemic is separating many families from in-person contact, so ?The actual taking of the CBD is finding a way to recover from around 6pm every evening, and something like depression, under the tongue. It's a which lack of real simple syringe, five socialization might have caused, will be a seconds and walk big help to lots of people away,? Richard talks more and CBD oil might do just about how simple even that. Richard talks about taking the oil was. ?the how ?seeing a lot of time commitment is people that really came extremely minimal,? together as a family to help each other and seeing Richard says, which shows how communities that tried to help easy taking it would be for a people that were around them, regular buyer of CBD oil. The Covid-19 virus, courtesy of especially elderly folks and study was described to have a Pixabay people that needed it? was nice very minimal work obligation on and even ?getting some more the side of the volunteers. time for myself, getting some more time to really be a little bit more Despite the apparent negative aspects of introspective, spend some time with my the Covid-19, there are also positive parts wife and kids. Really appreciate that time to this pandemic that both Telch and and really recognize that time is a finite Richard agree on. ?I do think most of the variable of life that so many people get effect will be positive. One of the effects I running and going so fast, they very seldom stop and pause to think, this could all end think is that it?s created an experiment to tomorrow and what would I have to show show that many people have positive for it.? effects from working at home. Especially The Daily Dose Pg 22

All About The Virus ME WA MT

VT

ND

NH

OR

MN ID

NY

WI

SD

OH

NV

IL UT

CA

PA

IA

NE CO

IN

NJ DE

WV KY

MO

KS

CT

RI

MI

WY

MA

VA

MD

NC

TN AZ

OK NM

SC

AR MS

TX

AL

GA

LA FL

1-10,000 10,001-100,000

Over 500,000 100,001-500,000

The first case that is reported in the USA is from a man in his 30s who recently traveled to Wuhan. He returned to Washington state where he was diagnosed with Covid-19.

January 21 2020

January 24 2020

Both the third and fourth USA cases occur in L.A., California.

These two cases were both from unknown people.

January 26 2020

January 26 2020

The second reported case in the USA is from A student tested positive in Maricopa County, Arizona. a female in her 60s. This is in Chicago, Illinois. The fifth case happened on the same day as the last two.

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Spike Glycoprotein This special fringe of proteins is responsible for giving a crown-like appearance to the virus under a microscope. The role of the spikes is to latch on to host cells like a grappling hook and crack it open to allow infection. This is important because, just like all other viruses, the coronavirus can not thrive when outside or reproduce when outside of a host cell.

Envelope Protein The envelope protein is found in the virus envelope. it plays an important role in multiple processes for the Covid-19 virus including viron assembly, budding, envelope formation, morphogenisis, and pathogenesis. It also aids in the creation of new virus particles once it has taken over and infected a host cell.

Membrane Protein The membrane protein, just like the envelope protein, is also found on the virus envelope. It gives the virus envelope a defined shape and plays the role of a structural protein. The major driving force for the formation of the viral envelope is homotypic interactions between membrane proteins.

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Dear readers, We wrote this magazine about modern medicine and recent medical advancements. Our hope is to be able to show more of the medical world than many people see. We want people to be able to easily learn about many different topics in the field of medicine, and see how much more complicated medicine is than just a doctor prescribing a drug for you. So, we chose medical topics that interested us, and went from there.

Our stories include things like cancer and oncology, sports medicine, Covid-19, CBD oil, and medical robotics. The sudden attack of Covid-19 has caused a very hard time for many people and there have been major emotional impacts especially in anxiety and depression. One topic we will cover is about a recent study that has tested the effect of CBD oil on emotionally impacted citizens, the hope is to find a way to help people who suffer from a variety of emotional problems. Another is what it is like to actively work with new technology every day in order to help save the lives of patients.

Collaborating on this magazine together was a very enjoyable process that brought out a lot of creativity and ideas from us. We enjoyed the process of actually writing the stories but it was quite a difficult process to find and compile the specific interviews we needed to. We sincerely hope that you will enjoy reading this

magazine as much as we enjoyed making it.

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Credi ts Noah Loy

I am a LASA freshman who likes the outdoors. I enjoy mountain biking and playing Ultimate. For this magazine I mainly worked on finalizing the style guide and writing about what it's like to work with new technology in the field of medicine. My mother works in medicine so I was able to get a brief idea of what it's like but then interview other professionals for more in depth info. I really enjoyed talking to people about this topic as well.

Layout Editor

Nima Moin

I am an Austin-born Iranian who was raised with one older sister. I enjoy playing guitar and going on jogs wherever I have free time.

My story is based around Covid-19 and the emotional effects it can cause. One career I would like to pursue is electrical engineering because of how many interesting things you can learn from it.

Copy Editor

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Credi ts Roman Edwards

My name is Roman Edwards, I was born in Austin, Texas, and I am half African-American and half Mexican-American. Some of my hobbies include playing video games, and any sport that is in season. I am the older brother and son of the family. My feature story focuses on how cancer is treated, cured, and how it ties different peoples lives together.

Fact-Check Editor

Akash McMinn

I grew up in Austin with two older siblings. I like playing basketball and frisbee which I played on the LASA team for. If I ever have free time I will usually be chilling on a trampoline with my friends. I have wanted to pursue a career in sports medicine for a very long time, and due to my brother majoring in it, I was able to learn a lot and talk to a lot of different people. My feature story is about Content Editor

sports medicine and the educational aspect of it.

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