Horizon Line

Unemployment Rates 4 Air por t Secur ity 10 Tr avel Economy 16

Environmental Safety 22 Destinations 28

Let t er Fr om The Edit or s Hello, before we start off, we'd like to thank you for reading Horizon Line. I t's going to revolve around the topic of Covid-19 in travel and destinations. More specifically, it will cover air quality around the world, methods of coping, and a more local issue, airport Security and emergency response with Covid-19, destinations and how Covid-19 has affected them as well as everyday life of our workers in these areas, airlines' economy and its challenges during the pandemic, and on how jobs have been affected by Covid-19.

Beginning with simple brainstorming, we were able to flesh out each idea and connect them to one another, using that to research our given topics and interview professionals in each respective field. With the information transcribed from our interviews, we began drafting our feature stories and ASF?s. Each component learned in the past 4 months helped us understand and utilize the programs we were using well. We were able to work together to meet deadlines, work together, and make all of the content you will find in Horizon Line. We were able to overcome hurdles such as interviews and technology problems, making all of us able to grow stronger as a whole.

A res

On behalf of everyone at Horizon Line, we thank you again for reading this magazine, and we hope you enjoy it.

Graham

J ace Jul i an

H orizon Line Fall 2020 1

Table of Cont ent s Page 1.......................Let t er f r om t he Edit or s Page 2-3.............................Table of Cont ent s Page 4-5..........Jobs and Diseases Inbound!

Page 6-7..Air Fr ance's Covid-19 Cat ast r ophe Page 8-9...........Jobs and Diseases Inbound!

Page 10 -13..............................Keepin' It Safe Page 14-15..New Secur it y Laws /Technology Page 16-19...................The Nosedive of 20 20 Page 20 -21.............The Ef fect s of t he 20 20 Plane-Demic

2 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

Table of Cont ent s Page 22-25.......Combat ing Climat e Change Page 26-27..............................Gas vs Elect r ic Page 28-31.....................Dest inat ion St at ion Page 32-33....................................St aycat ion Page 34.........................................Game Page Page 35..................................Special Thank s Page 36...............................................Cr edit s

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JetBlue airplane in a airport. I mage Courstey of JetBlue media room.

Jobs and Diseases inbound!

Julian Manzano

Airlines are some of the biggest uses of transportation in America. But ever since Covid-19, multiple american airlines have been struggling with the issues caused by the disease.

But how do these airlines adapt to Covid-19?

A

Now during the beginning of April, domestic booking percents in America have been going down from 1 billion bookings in 2018 all the way to 2-4% of what they used to carry pre-covid according to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Because of this, multiple airlines have been going into critical states due to lacking customers and flights, forcing

"The CARES act will give the airline industry time to wait for recovery and being able to come out the other side strong." Robin Hayes, CEO of JetBlue

them to adapt and overcome the problems caused by Covid-19.

At JetBlue, falling booking rates have left the airline in critical condition, having been burning out 10 million dollars per day during April. The CEO of JetBlue, Robin Hayes, is hoping to see improvement in booking rates

later on.

?We are still in a very critical situation at the time,? Hayes said. ?But we see further improvements for booking rates during the holiday season.?

A way that JetBlue has been adapting to Covid-19 is going through with the CARES act. This means that employees will be able to get some time off, while also getting $935 million in aid, in return accepting certain conditions, including, maintaining limitations on exchange consumption, continuing their service by their regulations, etc.

Hayes hopes that the lighter work schedule will help in getting JetBlue out of its critical state.

JetBlue airplane idles on a landing area. Courtesy of of JetBlue media room.

H orizon Line Fall 2020 5

Air Fr ance's Covi France currently has the most visits visits as of September. But ever since airports, Air France, has been affected

Unemployment Air France has been set to cut over 6,500 jobs over the next couple of years die to COVI D 19 to begin rebuilding the company after its severe losses.

6 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

Financial Losses I n total, Air France has lost over 1.8 billion dollars, and its revenue has gone down by 83%.

d-19 cat ast r ophe worldwide, sitting at 89.4 million COVI D 19, one of France's main greatly by COVI D 19.

Public Opinion Multiple protests have been going across due to the sudden job cuttings.

Sources, Frost, AP News

Impr ovement s Air France has started partial unemployment, which makes so that you only work once per day.

H orizon Line Fall 2020 7

?With much less work and less flying, the reality is that we still have much lighter work schedules,? Hayes said. ?We hope that this will improve JetBlue?s critical state and help us adapt to Covid-19.?

Another greatly affected airline is Frontier Airlines, who were forced to grant the absence of more than 33,000 workers due to Covid-19. This has resulted in them having only 92 daily flights during May, which was 76% of last year?s daily flights.

?I t was crazy; there were almost no bookings at all,? Biffle said. ?I t's as if we hit a massive speed

bump with Covid-19.?

Frontier has been dealing with Covid-19 with having more cheaper flights, with an average airport ticket costing around only a $11 dollar fee for regular flights. This has helped them a little bit, with their daily flights being bumped up to 258 flights per day.

?Other airlines can?t afford to sell tickets at the level we sell at,?

Biffle explained. ?They?re just not in that type of business.?

While Frontier expects to have 20 million less flights by the end

JetBlue airlline opens in Cuba. Courtesy of JetBlue media room.

"Frontier was the best positioned going in, so it's best to continue investing in what we're already doing." Barry Biiffle, CEO of Frontier Airlines.

8 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

of 2020 than last year, Biffle hopes to have a speedy recovery and to regain their profits.

?We will continue to have more wiggle room in terms of differentials and costs,? Biffle said. ?Which will enable us to continue to be the best value in the sky.?

Frontier airplane takes off for flight. Courtesy of Frontier newsroom.

Frontier airplane flying in the sky. Courtesy of Frontier I mages and Videos.

H orizon Line Fall 2020 9

K eepi n' I t Saf e How Airport Security has changed and grown Colleen Hof f man

Checkpoint 1 at ABI A Courtesy of ABI A Newsroom

n the early days of the and false alarms. As much as "I think just the education of airline everyone likes to gripe about educating people to give us a call industry, flaws, ultimately the TSA if they see something unusual," the first has helped us more Said McClendon, "We not only security than we realize. The have signs that you may have checkpoints TSA helps us all seen instructing folks to give us a were put travel safely, and call if they see or to alert into place. they make that somebody if they see an Back then, more efficient unattended bag, or items. We you could every bring knives single day.

"You don't take your and smoke However, shoes off if you're a TSA cigarettes on the TSA is a precheck person, you don't the plane. Now US-based passengers have organization, take your shoes off if to arrive hours and security you're 12 and under, and A passenger is scanned before their flight in a full body scanner measures will you don't take your shoes so that they don't differ off if you're 75 and older, Courtesy of TSA miss it when everywhere. so what is it about this they're stuck in the lines. middle section that's going Mandy McClendon, to save all of us if they take Communications and their shoes off?"

On November 19, 2001, the Marketing Manager for Transportation Security Austin-Bergstrom - Courtney Villalta, passenger of United Administration, or the TSA, was I nternational Airport Airlines founded, just 9 weeks after 9/ 11. said that not all security This marked one step in the is gates and scanners. also have overhead public ever-changing field of security.

Some of the most effective announcements in our terminal Now, in every airport nationwide strategies include informing that reiterate that as well." you will find body scanners and people. unfortunate long lines. Ask Courtney Villalta, who flies with anyone, and they will share a United Airlines as a passenger story of discarded water bottles for business trips, noticed that sometimes even if you make it through the airport security, you may also have to go through security run by the airline

I

"I n Asia, China, I ndia, other places before, even when you make your way all through, all the security checkpoints, and you get to your gate," said Villalta." United will then have its own security and its own X-ray machines and their own kind of pat downs before they let A masked guard looks over the bags being scanned Courtesy of TSA

H orizon Line Fall 2020 11

you on the United plane."

Villalta once counted the security checkpoints at the international airport in Delhi, where the security staff can manually frisk 180-200 people per hour.

"I n I ndia, we went through 11 different security checkpoints before we made it to the gate," Said Villalta.

I n September of 2020, the airport implemented a new system to improve the frisking

home and about to miss your flight. Villalta recalled an experience with some of her business partners.

"I knew some people in New York that we do business with who barely made it through security and had to run to their gate just to find out they'd switch gates, so it took forever to get to the next gate and they'd shut the door to the boarding area, and then they went and opened it," said Villalta. "They got on the plane and they were just trying to make their flight but they

found that they just weren't treating you with the right respect and courtesy."

Villalta feels that some of the security procedures can be arbitrary and confusing.

"I t doesn't make sense to me that you can have a liquid at four ounces, but not at six or seven," said Villalta.

She also noted that some of the reasons for being excluded from these can also feel arbitrary.

Passengers collect their bags after returing from a flight Courtesy of TSA

rate with less human contact, bumping up the total to 300 people per hour.

Bridget O'Lavin, who flies with the airline Virgin Atlantic for business trips, also went through similar experiences with security.

"I t did not make flying very fun, because of the amount of time it took to be processed through security." said O'Lavin.

Travelling can be stressful when you're just trying to get

12 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

almost got arrested for that."

O'Lavin flew for 5 years nonstop, and has encountered her fair share of difficulties.

Fortunately, she hasn't been in any truly dangerous occurrences, but there are still enough things to be inconvenienced by.

"Sometimes I 'd say the most annoying experiences are just when the security folks are rude or bossy,"said O'Lavin.

"So it's often a lack of courtesy, which doesn't happen too often. But every so often, I

"You don't take your shoes off if you're a TSA precheck person, you don't take your shoes off if you're 12 and under, and you don't take your shoes off if you're 75 and older," said Villalta." So what is it about this middle section that's going to save all of us if they take their shoes off?"

McClendon said the airport is ready to face many different scenarios, including pandemics. I n 2015, there was a flood at their control tower, and they were able to execute plans to deal with it.

"Sometimes I 'd say the most annoying experiences are just when the security folks are rude or bossy, so it's often a lack of courtesy, which doesn't happen too often. But every so often, I found that they just weren't treating you with the right respect and courtesy."

- Bridget O'Lavin, passenger of Virgin Atlantic

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, airports have had to adapt even more.

"I think airports are just a really unique place," said McClendon."I n terms of how many people are working together to keep things as safe as they possibly can and to be prepared for literally any situation."

"Even if someone refuses to wear a mask, because it's a city order that if you refuse to wear a mask, then you get a fine." said McClendon.

No security is foolproof and no one can predict how it will change. McClendon believes that one of the most important elements to an airport is the people.

ABI A Terminals from a bird's-eye-view Courtesy of ABI A Newsroom

Graphic By Colleen Hoffman

"No matter how many eyes we have on the ground, we rely on our passengers to have all their eyes out too."said McClendon

ABI A uses their twitter to alert passengers of news around the Airport Courtesy of Colleen Hoffman

Sources: The Times of I ndia, KVUE

On the other side of the scanner, someone else moves bags potentially containing prohibited items Courtesy of TSA

H orizon Line Fall 2020 13

New Ai rport Securi ty Laws REAL ID goes i nto place October 2021 and m akes i t harder to counterfei t an ID by m ak i ng sure the yellow star sym bol i s present on the ID DRIVER LICENSE

How ever, you can use a passport or m i li tary ID i f you don't have i t on i t.

Source: Texas Departm ent of Publi c Safety 14 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

New Ai rport Securi ty Technology There has been research i n a new fi eld of securi ty called bi om etri cs w here they use face or fi ngerpri nt scanners. An exam ple w ould be com pari ng the pi cture on your ID to your face, or com pari ng your face or fi ngerpri nt to a li st of cri m i nals Outsi de of securi ty, bi om etri cs could be used for evi dence i n court or allow i ng qui ck responses to potenti ally dangerous events

Source: Departm ent of Hom eland Securi ty Graphi cs by Colleen Hoffm an

H orizon Line Fall 2020 15

An American 737 flies over Toronto in November, 2014. I n 2020, fewer airlines take flight due to the global pandemic.

Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

The Nosedive of 20 20 Jace Castleberry he beeping magnifies as the line moves, and the suitcase rolls down the long ramp, zipping with little speed bumps every once in a while. The step between the boarding bridge and the airplane approaches, and the tiny slot between them means it has to be jumped. The airplane flies high up above the clouds, and the two chimes that signal an altitude of 10,000 feet have been reached echo throughout the plane.

T

I n March 2020 the Covid-19 pandemic became a

16 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

serious threat, launching a period of isolation.

Travel was banned between many countries, and air travel was not viewed as safe due to health risks. Airline stock fell 70%, according to the New York Times, and airlines began conserving money by laying off employees. Congress passed a stimulus package to help airlines stay financially healthy, while airlines encouraged customers to return to flying. Substitutes like Zoom were found for the temporary absence of air travel, as businesses needed to continue to hold meetings.

With few people still flying, airlines tried to maximize their profits by closing markets and

flying routes. Now, investors are debating over how long the recovery for airlines will take, and if the events of the pandemic changed the way the airlines will operate and do business in the next few decades.

A big problem airlines are facing is substitutes. Modern technology has found a variety of ways to solve the need for business travel, according to Carolyn Hansard, the Senior I nvestment Manager of Energy, Natural Resources, and I nfrastructure at Teacher Retirement Services.

?What happened in COVI D, is we all found, 'wait, there's a substitution for getting on a plane and meeting with somebody called Zoom.' So where I used to have to get on the plane, to fly to New York, and it took me you know, six hours to get there and six hours back for a two hour meeting,? Hansard said. Now, I can use those six hours doing something else. And I can get on the Zoom meeting for two hours.

So for cities in airlines that depend on business travel, there's a big question about when that will resume.?

For large businesses and corporations, a significant expense is travel. Applications such as Zoom have helped these companies cut back on cost.

?Our managers that we invest with used to put on these big annual meetings, and they found

that actually more people attended them virtually than were attending them in person,?

Hansard said. ?So they're going to cut back a lot of that and all of that ripples through to the air travel.?

However, business travel isn?t the only purpose of travel. A large part of air travel comes through personal travel, such as vacations.

?On personal travel, we've also seen people are now saying, 'Oh, yeah, the car is a substitute for air travel,?? Hansard said. ?As people lose their jobs, they have less dollars to spend on vacations. So

"For cities in airlines that depend on business travel, there's a big question about when that will resume."

- Carolyn Hansard, Senior Investment Manager of Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure

there's just a general economic cut back on tourism, but it depends on the location, and it depends on what kind of tourism it has.?

With a bear market for airlines and not enough people flying, airline executives have to make tough decisions based on what?s best for the company. Some of these decisions include letting workers go in order to minimize loss.

?The last people to be laid off are the ones that are critical employees that are hard to replace. But the employees that are easy to replace will be the ones that are let go, because they can hire them back quicker,? Hansard said. So the more unskilled will be the first to go and the quickest to hire back.

And, the skilled labor, they'll be the last to be laid off.?

Jennifer Ashburn worked at American Airlines for 32 years.

As a former employee of American Airlines, she has first-hand knowledge of layoffs.

?I heard them say that they laid off about 17,000 plus a month.

And my understanding is there's probably going to be more coming if Congress doesn't do something to help out the airlines,? Ashburn said.

Airlines have had major layoffs in the past months. Thousands of employees from every major airline.

?They, as you know, are financially strapped because of the reduction in travelers. As a result, everybody is fearful for their jobs,? Ashburn said. ?So the culture at American right now is to do as much as you can, as fast as you can. And there's people

H orizon Line Fall 2020 17

there that have a tendency to protect their own interests, if you will. And maybe at the expense of other people. At the end, just out of fear of if they don't do a good job are perceived as doing a good job that they might be one of the persons laid off.?

American Airlines and other major airline companies are

gonna say that's just, that's just a rough estimate.?

Airlines need solutions for this

"And the thinking is, we're not going to return to air travel, we won't get back to 2019 levels for probably at least five more years."

- Carolyn Hansard, Senior Investment Manager of Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure

economic crisis. I t all comes down to being financially able to stay afloat.

Jennifer Ashburn, former employee of American Airlines.

Courtesy of Jennifer Ashburn.

trying to make the layoffs easier for both the employees and the overall company.

?They've actually been trying to get as many people as possible to take what they call an 'early out' package,? Ashburn said. ?I t's where either you're close to retirement, or you're eligible for retirement that you really don't want to retire right now. So they give a variety of options that would allow you to exit the company. Sometimes you keep your health benefits, sometimes there's a lump sum severance package that goes with it. There's been like 20,000 people that have opted for that package. I was just

18 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

?I t's a matter of keeping some liquidity and cash aside, taking loans where it makes sense, if it's a low interest loan, taking advantage of the stimulus package loans that they were able to do, and just stay afloat until this basically gets passed,?

Ashburn said.

Airlines have been through economic recessions before.

They?ve effectively gotten better at staying financially afloat after every downturn.

?They always just take the opportunity to kind of define their forward roadmap. And as they move forward, and evaluate what personnel is needed, you know, sometimes they take that opportunity to clean house,?

Ashburn said. ?Because when you're making money, you know,

you can justify hiring a lot of people. But when you're not making money, you have to seriously re-evaluate the needs.

And I think that that's what they've gotten really good with doing. They've had to have a plan of actions, depending on what the issue coming was.?

I n order for airlines to financially stay afloat, part of what they do is maximize their profits. When expenses are more than income, they have to cut back on their expenses.

?So generally speaking, a plane has to be 60 to 70% full to make money,? Hansard said.

When planes are not full, the cost of fuel, flight attendants, pilots, implainment fee, ticket agents, and ground crew are still the same, but the amount of money generated from the passengers is smaller. Airlines need to figure out ways to maximize being fully booked. ?That's whre the airlines are trying to figure out, you know, 'what markets do we want to make sure, stay open, and we have lots of flights going into them??? Hansard said. ??Because we know people can continue going there. And where can we cut things back? So we can still remain profitable?'?

This past April, Warren Buffet sold all of his major airline stock.

Buffet is a big leader for many

other investors, and his sale of long-term airline stocks, which he partially used to invest in gold, was very popular among the media and news. Many investors don?t know whether or not airlines are a good long-term investment anymore.

?American, Delta, United, you know, they paid nice dividends, because they continue to grow and just generate incredible revenue,? Hansard said. ?That's not going to happen. And the thinking is, we're not going to return to air travel, we won't get back to 2019 levels for probably at least five more years.?

The estimated recovery time for airlines is a significant factor in understanding if they?re a good and safe investment or not. The

I n the recent months, there has been a lot of debate over what the recovery will look like. Some experts claim that we will see a ?V-shape? recovery, where the market bounces back soon after it dropped. Others claim that we?ll see a ?K-shape? recovery, where different parts of the economy recover at different rates. I n addition, experts also argue that the market will have a ?W-shape? recovery, in which we?ll have two bear markets and two bull markets, basically a double ?V?.

Carolyn Hansard, Senior I nvestment Manager of Energy, Natural Resources, and I nfrastructure at Teacher Retirement Services.

Courtesy of Carolyn Hansard

?Once we get a vaccine, you're going to start seeing first the tourism, vacation travel rebound, and then eventually the business travel will catch back up,?

Hansard said. ?And so we call

"I lived in New York after 9/ 11,?

Hansard said. ?And people were like, ?No way. No one is ever getting back on a plane.?And you know, it was back within two years.?

American Airlines' stock price over the last 10 months.

Courtesy of finviz.com

market is continuously moving, and if recoveries take a long time, some investors will choose to stay away from investments in those companies. ?I think it?s going to take at least another year, but I would anticipate probably one to two years,? Ashburn said, when asked about how long a recovery would take.

that a ?U shaped recovery?. The big question is the trough of the U. How long does that last??

Despite many investors doubting the quick and healthy return of airlines, not all odds are against them. The airlines have bounced back from an economic crash much quicker than most investors anticipated before.

Graphic By Colleen Hoffman

H orizon Line Fall 2020 19

20 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

H orizon Line Fall 2020 21

Combat ing Climat e Change Gr aham Gilber t

Courtesy of Graham Gilbert. A sunset in Austin, Texas. The hazy sky comes as a result of light and carbon pollution.

Im agin e you 've got a fl ood in r u r al Ban gl adesh an d you ?ve got a fl ood in H ou ston . Peopl e wh o ar e su r vivin g cr op to cr op with n o savin gs an d bar el y en ou gh food to get th r ou gh a given m on th . If th ey get wiped ou t in a fl ood, th eir con tin u ed existen ce is goin g to be ver y differ en t th an if you tr ied to h an dl e a fl ood in H ou ston , obviou sl y h or r ibl e, yet ou r society cou l d deal with th e exact sam e stor m in a ver y differ en t way.

22 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

- Dr. Joshua Apte, AssociateProfessor at theUniversity of Berkeley.

C

limate change is

?The basic

arguably the most

to solving the

important issue in the world currently. Thanks to modern equipment, the world of science is able to gain a better

idea

climate problem is that the more mitigation we do the less suffering we do,?Apte said.

understanding of it and have started

?We've already started to think

formulating plans to address climate

about how we adapt to a change in

change within our communities. Yet it?s

climate in Texas. We?re thinking about

easier said than done, and as the clock

how we harden cities like Houston so that

runs down, we find ourselves scrambling to save our Earth and the people living on it.

Dr. Joshua Apte, an

If we fail to stop th e pr obl em an d we fail to m an age th e r isk th en we?r e gon n a su ffer th e con sequ en ces.

- Dr. Joshua Apte, Associate Professor at theUniversity of Berkeley

Associate they can deal with the flooding that

From an ethical

happens every year during hurricane

perspective, things are a little

season."

more complicated. Wealthier

Professor at the University of Berkeley and Dr. Pawel Misztal, an Assistant Professor at the University of Texas in Austin explained to me some of the carbon concerns and solutions within the scientific world.

Mitigation and Adaptation go hand in hand when handling climate change. Humans can either choose to reduce emissions to help handle climate change, or begin figuring out what we?re going to have to change in wake of more severe weather and rising sea levels. Hurricane Ike in 2008 and Hurricane Harvey in 2017 both did catastrophic

Courtesy of Joshua Apte. Dr. Joshua Apte, One of the leaders in fighting climate change.

countries are less affected by climate change so it becomes smaller, less fortunate countries that find themselves most vulnerable to its effects. It seems like a simple solution: the wealthy help the poor, but many of these pivotal countries turn their backs, choosing to ignore events that don't directly affect them.

damage to the city, with Harvey causing

?Overall, my feeling is that climate change is

more than $125 million in damage.

obviously an environmental issue and an

Adaptations such as elevated housing or

engineering problem, but ultimately the way

flood walls could help reduce the cost of

we choose to solve it has to be one that

these large and damaging hurricanes.

involves justice.?said Apte.

H orizon Line Fall 2020 23

Dr. Misztal studies indoor air quality.

were outdoors,? said Misztal. The lack of

More recently, he and other scientists

data on these compounds means that right interviewees agree that we need to transition to

have turned their focus to a less studied now, we have very little knowledge on aspect of pollution. ?We spend more than 90% of our lives

As for the solution to our problems? Both

renewable energy as soon as possible.

what such an abundance of them could

?What I?d like to see is a transition to a carbon

cause.

free economy in the next 20 years, whether

indoors,? said Misztal. It?s more

?There has been a recent literature report

that?s wind power, hydro power, solar power, or

important than ever to understand what

that found that inhaling high CO2

even nuclear power,? said Apte. He adds,

we're being exposed to within indoor

concentration can not only make you

environments, especially with recent

sleepy but also can affect cognition. In

COVID-19 regulations keeping many

high CO2 environments, students

?Renewable energy and energy efficiency have come so far in the past 20 years that I think it's now possible to visualize that by the time you're

"Th er e's an ar ticl e th at r ou gh l y com par ed pol l u tion in New Del h i to sm ok in g two pack s of cigar ettes per day.

Th at's pr etty su bstan tial exposu r e."

- Dr. Pawel Misztal, Assistant Professor at theUniversity of Texasat Austin families at home."

Misztal?s team at the University of Texas in Austin studies indoor

performed less well especially on more strenuous tasks like abstract thinking and so on.? Said Misztal, adding to the

air composition. They use

many problems

measuring devices known as

carbon dioxide

?sniffers? to identify thousands of different chemicals in any given household.

creates. For some solutions, Misztal has a catchy slogan to help deal with indoor pollution.

?We used houses in Berkeley Hills and in Oakland Hills; they were really nicely maintained and clean, so we were completely shocked when it turned out that the air quality indoors was at least an order of magnitude worse than outdoors. Some compounds were two orders of magnitude[more than 100 times] more abundant indoors than they

??The solution to pollution is dilution?is the basic principle slogan that really works.? Said Misztal. He recommends that we focus on exposing ourselves to less of the chemical compounds as they continue to research and understand more about them and their posed dangers.

24 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

Courtesy of Pawel Misztal. A worker collecting samples at an indoor rainforest facility.

Courtesy of Joshua Apte. Dr. Joshua Apte collects air samples in New Delhi, India.

"If you h ave a m in ivan or an SUV an d th er e ar e m an y peopl e in side, an d you tu r n on th e in ter n al cir cu l ation , you can accu m u l ate CO2 to ver y h igh l evel s an d as I m en tion ed it h as h igh CO2 l evel s, it acts as a sedative. I'm n ot su r e if an yon e h as actu al l y don e a stu dy over m an y in ciden ts wh er e peopl e fel l asl eep over th e steer in g wh eel , seein g if th er e was an in ter n al cir cu l ation or n ot. I bel ieve th at it cou l d be a con tr ibu tin g factor." -Dr. Pawel Misztal my age so many things that run on fossil fuels today are gonna be run on electricity. And what that means is that the other emission sources, things like methane and nitrous oxide from crops, landfills, livestock and so on are gonna become a much more prominent source of carbon as we squeeze the emissions out of our economy. If I had to put my smart money on where the next generation of

Courtesy of Pawel Misztal. The Building Energy and Environmental team at UT Austin shows their Longhorn pride.

scientists and engineers will be looking, it would be agriculture.?

H orizon Line Fall 2020 25

GASOLINECARS The cars of the past $35,000

Averagecost overall retail prices

Around4.5metrictonsannually

Carbonemissions 3.4Seconds

Speed(0-60mphtime) DodgeChallenger SRTHellcat $9.83

Averagecost per 100miles

26 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

ELECTRICCARS The cars of the future $55,000

Averagecost overall retail prices

70%of emissionscut inFranceandSweden

Carbonemissions 2.6Seconds

Speed(0-60mphtime) Teslamodel S $5.27

Averagecost per 100miles

Sources: Popular Mechanics, Car and Driver

H orizon Line Fall 2020 27

Courtesy of Saigon Hustle. Saigon Hustle Store front in Houston, Texas.

Dest Destinat ination ion St Stat ation ion Ares Wade Restaurant Reinvention

T

he ?We?re Open? sign flickers on like a beacon summoning

people like fireflies. The bell on the door chimes as a new face walks in, their shoes hitting the floor quietly echoing. Words flowing out of their hidden mouths. The sounds of delicious food being skillfully chopped and cooked is like a beautiful melody becoming a background song. The food comes out, and their face lights up like children on Christmas morning.

Courtesy of Cassie Ghaffar.

Cassie Ghaffar, owner of Saigon Hustle

As the final months of 2020 come, there is a travel sector transformed: a challenged industry eagerly preparing for the new. Many market areas have had to rethink their

28 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

approach as a result of

ordering has been a huge

online before, the staff had

Covid-19, so fresh

help.,? Kang said.

agreed they needed to update

opportunities are presenting themselves. Many local businesses have been coming up with new ways to do their

Two Hands has had online

it

ordering available since their

?I am so thankful for my staff

company started out. Two

being willing to help me think

Hands is all about taking a

of ways to put our business

usual work, according to Cassie Ghaffar, owner of

Courtesy of Saigon Hustle. Saigon hustle cook finishes up the signature dish, Crepe Rolls.

Saigon Hustle.

Saigon Hustle, fast-casual Vietnamese food concept about healthy and good food.

Here they make many traditional Vietnamese foods like their signature dish, The Saigon CrĂŞpe Roll. ?Being a business owner has been really creatively challenging,? Ghaffar said. ?I am constantly thinking about

Korean Street food and

online.? said Ghaffar

how to make everything

making it a piece of art.

user-friendly and efficient.?

?I was really nervous when we

transferring online for

Rena Kang, the owner of Two

first started not being able to

pre-ordering, so they can

Hands, a South Korean hot

come into stores,? Ghaffar

reduce risking any transfer for

dog restaurant said,?Already

said.

Covid-19.

having websites for online

Although Saigon Hustle was

?I now see so many of the

Many businesses have been

H orizon Line Fall 2020 29

businesses in my city closing

Although store

because they can?t afford to

owners have to

keep their place open,? said

shut their

Ghaffar. ?I t is sad to see so

doors, in

many people who ran

most cases

successful businesses before

this is only

to have to pack up.?

temporary.

I n August, 163,735 businesses

?I ?m really

had closed due to Covid-19.

excited to see how

?Many of my friends have

?Although it isn?t easy, it?s worth all our efforts when we see our talents being spread among customers.?

- Ghaffar, owner of Saigon Hustle

we can progress

order

through this and continue to

ahead and when they arrive at

grow,? said Ghaffar.

the store. Then an employee

so difficult to see all the

Many businesses have found

brings out what the customer

liveliness go out of these

new ways to make their

ordered and there is no

closed their stores temporarily because of Covid-19, and it is

places,? said Kang, ?I really miss the atmosphere that we used to have.?

businesses more successful by

necessary human interaction.

doing things like curbside pick

?We want to keep our

up where the customer can

customers and ourselves as

Courtesy of Two Hands. Two Hands worker showing off the crispy outside and melted inside of their food.

Courtesy of Two Hands. Two Hands South Korean street food, hot dogs on a stick. safe as possible, even if that means we have to pay for it,? said Kang.

things for me.?

Kang continued to say how she valued her family and

Ghaffar, ?Spreading my story and doing what makes me happy is what has kept me going through Covid-19?

Many companies supply

friends highly and that not

masks, gloves, and hand

being able to spend time with

The ?We?re Open? sign has

sanitizer to customers who

them has been taxing for her.

turned off. Sounds of people

enter their stores.

She hopes that soon we can

cleaning tables and wiping

put COVI D-19 behind us and

the glass panes fills the empty

that we can be with our

space. The once lively place is

family how we used to.

finally getting to rest for the

?We all aren?t just focused on our businesses, we also miss our family and friends.? said Ghaffar. As the owners of

Many business owners have

local stores work more, they

vocalized that they feel the

will often miss time with their

same way.

loved ones.

the shiny tiles keeping the rooms ever so softly lit.

?Although it isn?t easy, it?s

Kang said ?Being away from

worth all our efforts when we

family and friends has been

see our talents being spread

one of the most difficult

among customers,? said

30 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

night, as the moon glistens on

H orizon Line Fall 2020 31

Graphic by Ares Wade 32 Fall 20 20 H orizon Line

H orizon Line Fall 2020 33

Special Thank s To...

Robin Hayes Bar r y L. Bif f le Car olyn Hansar d Jennifer Ashbur n Mandy McClendon Dr. Joshua Apt e Cassie Ghaf far Dr. Pawel Miszt al Rena Kang Cour t ney Villalt a Br idget O'Lavin

34 H orizon Line Fall 20 20

Hor izon Line Cr osswor d Puzzle

Horizontal: 1. Procedures followed or measures taken to ensure safety 4. School where all of the editors are from 6. Title of the magazine 8. The place to which someone or something is going or being sent

Vertical: 2. The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates 3. When someone doesn't have a job 5. Where you go if you want to fly on a plane 7. The wealth and resources of a country or reigon

Fall 2020 H orizon Line 35

Cr edit s Ar es Wade is a f r eshman at LASA t hat loves t o lear n about ot her cult ur es and lear n languages. Ar es has been st udying many languages since t hey f ir st found t heir love for t hem in 5t h gr ade. They have been st udying/st udied Spanish for 11 year s, Polish and Viet namese for 4 year s, Japanese for 3 year s, Mandar in and ASL for 2 year s, Kor ean, Russian, and Fr ench for 1 year. Ar es st ar t ed lear ning t hese languages so t hat t hey could under st and t heir favor it e band BTS, and also have t heir dr eam job as a linguist /t r anslat or become possible. Ar es loves lear ning languages, so t hey decided t hat t hey w ill go t hr ough each st or y and adjust it if it needs it .

Colleen Hof f man, who is a f r eshman at LASA High School st r ives t o br ing joy t o people and help t hem in any way t hey can, whet her it be donat ing t o char it ies or t alk ing t o t hem. They st r ive t o help f ind a cur e t o aller gies by r aising money and donat ing t o or ganizat ions. They helped w r it e and edit many of t he st or ies you'll r ead and t hey want t o meet lot s of dif fer ent people and pur sue lot s of dif fer ent hobbies such as soap mak ing or car ving.

Gr aham is a f r eshman at LASA. He ser ved as t he cont ent edit or for t his magazine, r eview ing and ensur ing t hat each t eam member pr esent ed valuable infor mat ion.

Gr aham loves t o skat e, and play soccer in his f r eet ime. Going out door s is a gr eat escape f r om t he st r ess of school and Covid-19, so it?s impor t ant t o him t hat it st ays healt hy and t he air st ays clean. He?s st udied envir onment al issues ar ound t he wor ld a lot in t he past year, and he happily pr esent s a few concer ns of his in his feat ur e st or y. He would like t o see awar eness spr ead about indoor pollut ion, a lesser k now n yet pr et t y concer ning issue, and impr ovement s made on many pr oblemat ic air cir culat ion syst ems in households.

Julian Manzano is a LASA st udent in t he 9t h gr ade. He has been t ak ing piano for 5 year s, and is cur r ent ly lear ning t o play t he saxophone. He has always had a cur iosit y t o discover new t hings and dive deep int o t hem. Because of his cur iosit y and suspicions, he decided t o fact check t he ASFs and feat ur e st or ies t o see if t hey ar e eligible. He hopes t o be a successf ul musician, and pur sue a car eer in business.

Jace is a f r eshman at LASA who loves lear ning about economics and f inance. He?s been doing mar t ial ar t s for t en year s, and has also played baseball. He spends his t ime expanding his k nowledge about economics and medicine, as well as pr act icing spor t s and doing schoolwor k . Jace?s main focus and cont r ibut ions t o t he e-zine wer e cent er ed ar ound t he st or ies and t he gr aphics. Gr ow ing up, he want s t o eit her go int o medicine, or pur sue a car eer cent er ed ar ound f inance and economics.

Fall 20 20 H orizon Line 36

Graphics by Colleen Hoffman