Le Film
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Table of contents 6
Letter from the editors
Film through time by MJ Porras
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MOVie evolution by MJ Porras
Diversity in the film industry By Lizbeth Arellano
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popular movie genres By Lizbeth Arellano
film on the big screen By Victoria Sneed
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LIghts, camera, action By Victoria Sneed
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Gender in movies By Logan Mack
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Which movie genre Should you watch? By Logan Mack
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LETTER FROM THE EDITORS Dear Readers, Much of our time and energy has come into creating this magazine that we are very proud of. We would like to thank our sponsor, Liberal Arts and Science Academy in Austin Texas, our interviewers, and our wonderful advisor, Ms. Kate McGuire. Thank you for allowing this magazine to be possible. Throughout the creation of this magazine, our group was inspired by our love for films and the years of work and evolution behind them. We love the movie theatre theme and wanted to bring it to life while also informing others about the changes many industries have made to expand diversity and make their movies the highest quality possible. Thank you for taking the time to read our magazine and we hope you enjoy it. Mj porras, victoria sneed , lizbeth arellano and logan mack
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Meet the Editors MJ Porras MJ Porras is a freshman at LASA High School. MJ likes to watch movies in her free time and tries to make film herself. She also loves spending her time playing minecraft with the buddies and eating pasta.
Graphics by Logan Mack
Lizbeth Arellano Lizbeth likes reading, writing and watching movies during her free time. She enjoys hanging out with her friends on the weekends. Lizbeth also likes spending her time being a gamer. Her favorite movie(s) are all the Toy Story movies.
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Logan Mack
Logan loves film, and has even filmed a few videos with their friends. They love acting, writing, and editing. They also love to draw and write stories. They are currently working on a novel. They also like role-playing and dnd. Their favorite movie is Monty Python and the Holy Grail.
Victoria Sneed Victoria likes to read and loves to film videos of herself in her free time. She also loves singing and dancing. Her favorite movies are The Hunger Game Series. She likes to spend time with family and friends.
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film through time big hollywood movies, what went and stll goes into making them? BY MJ PORRAS
Charles Ramirez-Berg UT Film Professor
Kathryn Fuller-Seely UT Film Professor
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Lars Nilsen Austin FIlm Society film Programmer
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he evolution of how films/movies have been created in the past and are created now is a complete turnaround. Throughout the years, film has taken a spectacular turn around, whether it is taking steps backward or forward. From the first film in 1888 to one of the more recent films in the box office, the film industry has grown and had a couple of setbacks on the way. Clearly films from today have improved in picture quality, but have they changed behind the screen is the question.
”The director is responsible for everything that subsequently goes out of the lab, into the camera and out into the theatres.” Lars Nilsen, Austin Film Society Film Programmer states. The directors of such films in Hollywood have the entirety of the pressure of the movie on them. As in the past, the directors have been overlooked and any on-screen mistake was blamed upon by actors, whereas nowadays, any mistake could have seen as the directors fault. These people were completely underappreciated or “Back in that day, it wasn’t overlooked in the past years that director who was the compared to now where they most important,” Kathryn have become just as popular Fuller-Seely, a UT Professor and well known. in Radio-Television and film “If you made your own said. “They were just the hired movie, there was no way hand who kept everything to get it shown in a movie well made.” theatre,” Fuller-Seely stated. Directors have made “There were restrictive rules huge impacts on the films in place that said movie themselves, from just behind theatres can only show the the scenes and not noticed, products put out by big to essentially the main stars studios.” of the show. Directors are Back when the first films behind the scene managers were made, they cost tons of who create the movie and money and were difficult to ‘direct’ it in a way that they distribute see best fit. Much of the “You had to have a lot of movie is not dependent on money to make a film. You the actor, but more or less the had to get a special camera, rule of the director. you had to get the film, it was
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expensive.” Charles RamirezBerg, a professor at the University of Texas in Austin in the Radio-Television and Film said. With cellular devices in each of our pockets, a selfmade film is minutes away. Many apps in the app store are easily accessible to anyone with an IPhone, leaving film making extremely easy to do. The process of creating a film in the past was extremely difficult considering the lack of the internet. Streaming subscriptions such as Netflix or Hulu provide a platform for films that couldn’t make it to the box office. “The good side is that everybody has a chance to make them,” Ramirez-Berg expressed. “The downside is that if everybody makes them, there’s all of this material out there”. With the current technology, producing a short film and uploading it to the internet is not that difficult, and could possibly be seen by a large amount of people. Having a good quality film made could now be distributed across the world in such a short period of time. Previous to the more modern films that are distributed currently, the
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Courtesy of ABC News and Amazon.com IT (1990) movie poster compared to it (2017) movie poster
actors were the main stars of the show. These people were depended on to provide the people with quality entertainment and something worthwhile to watch. “I would have to say that frequently the best actors are not the best movie stars, and the best movie stars are not the best actors,” Nilsen emphasized. Much of the actors in films created before the 21st century included photogenic people who caught the viewer’s eye, and allowed them to become interested. On previous occasions, the casting process was essentially based on how
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the person preformed on camera and which person would look the best on television. The process of casting was much different than it is in present day time. Diversity is an issue that industries are currently fixing as well. These film makers in the past, such as Thomas Edison’s first films, never really focused on what the viewer would enjoy. They mostly focused on how the movie would be created in general with the materials they had in hand, not much on the meaning or story quality. The first film created by Thomas
Edison was a short motion picture of a man riding a horse across the screen! “That’s what genres do, they take an old story and do it over again and surprise us by making it new,” Ramirez-Berg said. These specific genres from all of these new films are ones to catch the eye. Whether it be a superhero movie or a horror, these films are created to tend to certain age groups or destinations. ‘What film would catch the viewer’s eye?’ or ‘How would this relate to new times?’ are some similar thought processes when films
are created nowadays, whereas older films were usually just created to have a film. They were made to make a work of art, and to appreciate the effort put into them. “I sometimes say that filmmaking now is much more like architecture than it is like earlier film-making,” Nilsen stated. “And since movies have become very expensive, I believe that is what the art of commercial cinema has become.” “People making movies today in 2019 are not after my dollar, they’re after yours and your classmates.” Fuller-Seely emphasized. Many of the major movie industries are occasionally solely based on the moneymaking aspect of films. They create films so they can be spread to certain generations of to people with certain interests that way they can get the most out of their creation. These recent films are made to appeal to the youngest generation, not the older generations which are less likely to view the films that are being put out. “The kind of movies that they’re making are big flashy superhero movies with, you know, heroes and villains and explosions.” Seely continued. The main point of many films today are to get the viewers attention. These CGI effects
and flashy lights are appealing to the eye, whereas films in the past did not have that kind of technology to make these kind of changes. Many of these more modern films go through the big movie production companies, and usually are more focused on how much money would be made from a certain film. With the lack of technology in the past, creating the film was very difficult as well as distributing it in general, but the majority of these movies were for the work of art, not necessarily for the money-making business.
These modern day films are created for the art, but as distribution becomes more mainstream, the prices and costs can vary. Film has come a long way from the first few films in the 19th century, some setbacks had occurred and some very impressive changes have been made as well. Not only have these films become extremely mainstream but have been given a new meaning by many of the present day generations. Only time will tell what kind of new changes will be brought to the art of film!
Eadweard Muybridge, One of the creators of the first film. Courtesy of Wikipedia
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MOVIE EVOLUTION HOW HAVE HORROR FILMS CHANGED? BY mj porras
La Manior du Diable Oldest Horror Movie: 1896
La Manior du Diable, or more commonly known as The Haunted Castle or The Manor of the Devil, was a short film/ movie created in 1896 by Georges Méliès . The original intent of this short film/movie was to amuse the viewer, rather than frighten them. Aspects in the short film/movie have deemed it as a horror film, although it is not as chlling as you might expect. The film has definitely aged, as today’s youth and even seniors would not find this the slightest bit frightening, although at the time, the film did send chills up many necks.
Curtosey of Wikipeida. From the film La Manior du Diable
This film does not have the traditional aspects in more modern day horror films. As expected, this short film/movie does not have as great quality as the more recent one, considering this film was created over a century ago. This film did not include any jumpscare aspects, much less a scary plot, but the way that the film was created and looked at the time deemed it as a new movie genre.
Curtosey of IMDB From the film La Manior du Diable
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This photo is from the movie, "Curse of La Llorona. Image Courtesy of Vanity Fair
Most Recent Film: 2019
The Curse of La Llorona was a recent horror film released in March 2019 and directed by Michael Chaves. This film was based upon an old folk-tsale of a woman who murdered her two children, and spent the rest of her days looking for two more children to take for herself, and eventually murder. This film was created for the morerecent horror movie inspiration, to frighten.
La Llorona
In comparison to the horror movie, La Manior du Diable (1896), there a quite a lot of differences. The previous film was not only shorter, but both films had different inspirations and reasoning. This particular film was to format the folk-tale in a film format and was created like any other modern horror movie, with jumpscares and soundtracks that are meant to keep the viewer in suspense throughout the duration of the movie. These types of films have evolved to keep the viewer entertained, which most films in the past were not necessarily created for that. Putting these two films together once again shows how the genre has changed and evolved since the first creation.
This photo is from the movie, "Curse of La Llorona� Image Courtesy of SyFyWire
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DIVERSITY IN THE FILM INDUSTRY
By Lizbeth Arellano
Photo courtesy of UKTV
Ellen DeGeneres, Jennifer Lawrence, Brad Pitt, Meryl Streep, Angelina Jolie, Julia Roberts, and Bradley Cooper take a
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Diversity is still an issue: IT’S STILL AN ISSUE!? Share of Film Roles by Race, 2016
Courtesy of 2018 UCLA Hollywood Diversity Report
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ights...Camera... Action! The times you see people of color in films is not very high, even after there have been changes throughout history, diversity is still a problem today. Diversity in movies has been an issue since the beginning of film. African American citizens were not respected and white actors portrayed African Americans, usually while painting their faces dark brown or black. This started an unfortunate trend called Black Face. Even in the modern
days, diversity is still a problem and needs to be talked about by the media. There have been problems stemming from the lack of diversity in Hollywood, for example, some award shows such as the Academy Awards have been boycott because of this. According to the 2018 UCLA Hollywood Report there is a range of about seven percent to 27 percent of minority representation in the film industry from creators of scripted shows to broadcast reality and other leads.
a group selfie at the 2014 Oscars
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People working behind the scenes during the filming of a 1950s film
Courtesy of Time Magazine
Laurie Peña-Brooks has been a theater teacher at Kealing Middle School for several years now and thinks there should be at least minor changes in the way minorities are represented.
place to start solving the problem regarding diversity is, away from the actors but with people working behind the scenes.
“I think misrepresentation might stem more so from the screenplay “Misunderstandings play a big role and creators of projects,” Kotapish in the problem,” Peña said. “Some said. “Actors use the script as a blueprint in a sense and then is [groups] are underrepresented or guided in their performance by not represented [appropriately].” the director.” Misrepresentation of the Latino community is an issue as Latino Kotapish has strong beliefs on the men are often portrayed as aggressive and most times like subject, as she thinks that there are no excuses at this point in criminals or highly passionate time. and even violent. Latinas on the other hand are often characters “My opinion is that there is no with much less authority such as housemaids, domestic servants or longer an excuse to prevent minorities from being involved even prostitutes. behind and in front of the camera,” Kotapish said. “There Ellie Kotapish is a development manager at Austin Film Society. are countless outlets and access to media with the advancement of Kotapish has been working with technology.” the Film Society for about six Luke Dillard is a documentary years. She believes that a good
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filmmaker from Austin, Texas. Dillard agrees on approaching the issue in a different manner. “If there’s anything that can be done to change that I don’t think the film industry would be the first place to solve that,” Dillard said. “I think it’d be more like the general public.” Dillard has been employed in the industry for about two years and views his job as a passion. “It’s like a love for documentary and film so I would consider it a passion,” Dillard said. “Really I’m a single dad and in terms of being a producer would be helping other people tell their stories” Starting to solve the problem in an area other than the direct issue is a common belief. Many people agree on it including Ariana Gutierrez, a student at St.
Andrew’s High School. “It is an issue and needs to be solved,” says Gutierrez. “I think it should be talked about more often so people can bring awareness to the problem as a whole” Some however some believe that there should be balance rather than diversity. Esperanza Resendiz, a Junior at Austin High School, is one amongst these believers. “I think that [casts] should be balanced instead of diversified,” Resendiz said. “It’s almost similar in a way but expanding the diversity could mean many things when if it were to be balanced it would be equal or very close to it.” Even with these different views there is still an agreement on the matter. But diversity regarding race isn’t the only change needing to be made. Andrew Garrison is a filmmaker and a professor at the University of Texas at Austin in the RadioTelevision-Film department. He had a few words to say on
the matter. “The field has grown,” Garrison said, “but there are still not enough women, people of color and from the LGBTQ+ community.” Kotapish agrees to a certain extent by sharing even more of her views on the subject. “If our media starts promoting diversity and minority voices, it might teach society to be more accepting of each other,” Kotapish says, “Ultimately, it would serve as a broader communication/ learning tool.” The issue is important to Kotapish because she knows of people that are affected by the lack of diversity in the film industry making it more difficult for minorities to take part in it. “I think acceptance and understanding is important, and a good platform for this is our media,” Kotapish said. Dillard doesn’t have an opinion as he has not heard of anyone impacted by this issue. Further proving that it should be talked about more often.
“It’s something I’ve not really heard about,” Dillard said, “so I guess I just need to hear personal stories from other people.” Stereotyping in films plays a big role in the problem as a whole by making other groups believe in things that are not accurate about certain groups. An anonymous source shared that when they saw a film that inaccurately portrayed a minority, it changed the way they saw that group of people for a while until they got to be friends with someone of that group. “It definitely messed me up, but I’m glad I don’t see them like that anymore,” source said. “I think that if a character is part of a minority they should be like that, nothing more and nothing less. It’s important that everyone is represented accurately.” We, as people should stick together and try and make a difference, because in the end, we’re all human and deserve to be represented for what we are even if we are different than others in some ways.
Image courtesy of ProductionHUB
Image by Ellie Kotapish
Image by Laurie Pena
Luke Dillard
Ellie Kotapish
Laurie Pena
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Popular Movie Genres Most popular movie genres by location
by Lizbeth Arellano
• • ••
The most watched movie genres by state. What’s the most watched genre in your state?
Graphic by Menorah Synagogue
Drama Mystery Comedy Others
Others Action/Adventure New Mexico
Action/Crime
Missouri, New Jersey, Texas
Mystery /Slasher Arizona
/Psychological Horror Colorado
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Graphic by Lizbeth Arellano
/Mystery
Drama
Alabama, Maine, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania
/Thriller
Kentucky, Michigan, South Dakota, Utah
Arkansas, Mississippi, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee
/Fantasy
Louisiana, Virginia
/Adventure
/Action
Hawaii, South Carolina, West Virginia
/Comedy Drama
Iowa, Nebraska
Delaware, Maryland, Oregon Washington, Wisconsin
/Crime
/Romance
California, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, North Dakota
Georgia, New Hampshire, Vermont
/Western
/Indie Film
Montana, Wyoming
Alaska, Idaho, North Carolina
Comedy
Image by SooToday
A roll of film rests alongside a director’s clapperboard on a table
/Family Indiana, Rhode Island /Romance
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Film on the Big Screen The Impact of Different Types of Movies By Victoria Sneed
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s you walk in the poorlighted room up the stairs, you try your best not to spill you popcorn. You find your seat near the top and your eyes are drawn to the humongous screen, displaying trailers before the actual movie starts rolling. After plopping a few pieces of popcorn in your mouth and taking a gulp of your icee, you notice that the lights start to dim and the screen, along with the room, goes black. 3 … 2 … 1 … it’s starting! From October 14, 1888 to now, movies have progressed drastically. Horror, action, children, adventure, and comedy are just a few of the movie genres that are most-watched and well-known. This article will explain the effect that different types of movie genres have on individuals while/after they watch.
Kiska Jones is the eldest of three children and loves to travel. She loves exploring life and culture through the eyes of others. Jones is also a movie junkie and has a passion for watching suspense/ horror movies. “I like suspense movies because it gives me the thrill of assuming and the tension leading up to the truth,” Jones explained. “It allows me to quench my desire for a good mystery and I know that it’s building to the climax of the story that is being told.” Jasmine Black is a graduate from Texas State University. She works as an administrator for the Federal Government going on 11 years and enjoys volunteering to help and mentor youth and young adults. Black’s favorite genre of movies is romance movies.
I love romantic comedies,” Black said. “The idea of a happily ever after makes my heart happy.” Rom-coms are not everyone’s cup oftea. Jones expressed that you can already determine what the outcome of romantic movies are. She summed up that usually they all have the same happy ending. A manager at the Austin Film Society (which name is to stay anonymous) expressed his thoughts on rom-coms also. “In my opinion , for instance the movie ‘Crazy Seek of Love’,” the manager said. “I think that this movie and other rom com movies are underrated . I think people take romantic comedies to be cliché and they don’t appreciate these enjoyable movies.”
Other movie genres that are popular are action/adventure and comedy. Usually, there is a comparison between these because they contrast. “I prefer action movies because it invokes physical reactions (shock, laughter, cheering, etc),” Jones said. The other two individuals preferred comedy to action due to the simple fact that action isn’t as exciting as comedy and that they would rather have a comedic movie than a fighting scene/movie. Black gave her thoughts on how movies affect her and how they have an impact on her after watching. “They’re usually just for entertainment,” Black expressed, “but sometimes can also be used as a frame of reference for life’s situations.” Jones recently watched the Netflix movie, When They See Us. This movie is based on a true story bout five innocent teenage boys from Harlem that were
A scene from the movie “When They See Us” Image Credit: Google
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falsely accused of raping and beating a Caucasian woman in a park. “Watching this moving, it affected the way I viewed the world,” Jones stated. “How I viewed police officers and it caused fear to enter because I have two black brothers that can be falsely accused if they are in the right place at the wrong time.” If Black was given the chance to direct a movie, she would have to find the right connections in order to start the process. “I would write a script and share it with my cousin who is a producer,” Black said. “He may be able to connect me with some people in the industry who are willing to invest or help point me on the right path.” If Jones was ever given the opportunity to make a movie, she would carefully conduct it using the steps below. “I would like to make a movie that is based on a true story,” Jones said. I would figure out what or who’s story I want to tell. Take some time to research the who, what, when, why, where and how. Reach out to those that I would like to interview and get written consent for their contribution to the project. I would take pictures and ask if any can be shared. I would then journal and/or record all my research. Write it out into a script and have a reading. Allow time for
director’s set-up to conduct a movie Courtesy of Google
feedback and work on what can I do to make sure that my audience understands the story and that is one that they would want to know about.” Some people would love to be an actor/actress for the simple fact that they could be starred in a movie and be one of the [main] characters. Others would prefer to be a director or producer so that they could stay behind the scenes. “I would not want to be any because it takes a lot of work and it involves a great deal of
overtime,” Works said. “I would be a producer,” Jones said, “because I would be close to the project and I would have an understanding on how the film should look and the message in which needs to be portrayed. As a producer you are able to look through the lens and have a first hand glance at what the audience will see and experience. You will have the opportunity to add and delete as you see fit.” “Likely a director or
producer,” Black said. “I tend to get carried away with my imagination and prefer to work behind the scenes.” There are many people that say that watching a movie at home and in the movie theater is a little different. Watching a movie at home, you can turn up the volume and pause the movie at your convenience. Basically, you have more freedom at home. on the other hand, you have a huge advantage at the movie theater is the gigantic screen in front of you that you get to enjoy.
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Lights ... Camera ... Action ! Check out the first movies ever made that made cinema history!
1888 Courtesy of wikipedia
1895
COURTESY OF WIKIPEDIA
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The first movie ever made was Roundhay Garden Scene, a 2.11 second movie. This movie was directed by Louis Le Prince, a french inventor.
The First silent film wAS WORKERS LEAVING THE Lumière FACTORY IN LYON. THIS FILM WAS DIRECTED AND PRODUCED BY LOUIS Lumière IN FRANCE.
1927
the first movie with sound was the jazz singer. This movie was directed by Alan crosland and was produced by jack l. warner and darryl f. zanuck.
Courtesy of Wikipedia
1918
Courtesy of Wikipedia
Courtesy of Wikipedia
the first movie with color was the film, Cupid angling. THis movie was directed by Leon F. douglass and was produced by the douglass national color film company in
Thomas Edison (Left) and William Friese-greene were the inventors of the first film camera. they invented it in 1888 and from there, it progressed to be greater.
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Gender in Film
How movies treat one of the most prevalent issues in today’s world.
L
ittle boys want to be superheroes. Little girls want to be princesses. This is what the media has always told us. Film has the power to influence the opinions of the public. It can idealize certain situations and ways of existing, or tear them down. It can turn a group from being the losers to being cool. It can normalize or alienate. The way film and other media treats issues like gender can influence the way society treats it. That is why it is important to understand how gender is portrayed and the faults of that portrayal. “Hollywood depicting
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gender, especially with the movies you’ve grown up with is a pretty narrow range,” Kathryn Fuller-Seeley, a professor at the Department of Radio-Television-Film of UT Austin said. Media such as film or commercials, which are made for profit, tend to have more conservetive viewpoints. One example of this is superhero movies.
Although recent movies, such as Wonder Woman or Captain Marvel, have had success, these movies are mainly targeted at young boys. Even in movies targeted at girls, the women are often soft and femminine, such as many Disney princesses.
Professor Sade Vallier, a non-binary English teacher at LASA, criticized this limited representation. “What’s important is showing varying “The storylines were all about and complex stories,” they brave men,” Fuller-Seely said, said, “All stories: damsels and powerful, rich and poor, high “Traditionally women were on the sidelines as victims to and low class, women of all sizes and shapes.” be saved from bad men or occasionally as girlfriends.”
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“Gender nonconformity is treated as evil and undesirable” LEFT: Kathryn Fuller-Seeley Image courtesy of UT Austin
However, the writing of such movies is shifting. Movies such as Brave, Frozen, or Moana feature girls who go out and seize their own destiny, not defined by romance. “You can definitely look at the last five years, or the past two years, and see an improvement,” Fuller-Seeley said. “This is not to say that the representation of gender is perfect, but it is improving.” Noah Gill, a non-bianary
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freshmen at McCallum, disagrees. “On the one hand, you’ve got shows from the sixties, where women are cooking for their husbands,” they said, “But on the other hand you’ve got shows today where the women are still docile, still based upon their relationship with men. The stereotypes may have changed, but the way hollywood treats them has not.” The problem doesn’t just lie in the way women are
portrayed. The false ideal of the ‘Strong Man’ is rampant in media today. “It’s all about this narrow idea of what men are,” according to Fuller-Seally, “That men are brave. That men fix any problem with violence. Toxic masculinity plays into some of these shortcuts and the fairy tale that Hollywood has been making.” There isn’t much room within this ideal for men to be emotional, or vulnerable,
as these are seen as feminine traits. The worst thing a man can be, according to today’s society, is femminine. “Often if characters do not fall within the strict confines of the two genders, they are often regarded as something to fear or hate,” Vallier said. “Characters audiences are meant to hate are often constructed to be somehow at odds with their associated gender role.”
Noah Gill Image courtesy of their instagram
Gender non-conformity is treated as evil and undesirable. Most villains are far more androgynous than their heroes. “It works to help reinforce that toxic heterosexual straight masculinity that says ‘Oh, if you’re a feminized man, you must be evil,’” Fuller-Seely said. “If you’re a masculine kind of woman, you must be evil.” However, this approach seems to backfire, as rather than seeing androgyny as bad, many people relate to these characters, and even like them better than the heroes we are supposed to idealize.
“That’s the one thing Hollywood can’t control,” Fuller-Seeley commented. “There are many different ways to interpret a character. The villains can be more interesting, more fun, than the boring, straight-laced heros.”
this person, maybe they are a horrible person,” Gill said, “I think that can lead back to, internally, creating conflict.”
The portrayal of gender roles film is far from perfect. But knowing it’s flaws can help us to change our perspectives and seek out a broader spectrum of representation. Of course, this may not be At the end of the day, we can a completely positive thing. still enjoy these movies while “It makes people think, understanding that these internally, that if they can relate to this person so much, ideas of gender are not the only ones. if they can sympathize with
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What Movie Genre Should You Watch?
by Logan Mack
Take this quiz to find out which genre is best for you. I prefer light-hearted films I like intense movies I like cheezy movies I like more realistic writing
I like movies that leave me thinking I just want to enjoy a good story
I love music, I think it’s a great medium for storytelling I think singing just takes away from the movie
I prefer romance on the side, or not at all I prefer romance on the side, or not at all
Musical
Rom-Com
Horror
Fantasy
I lke being scared I don’t like being scared
Graphics by Logan Mack
I like mystical forces and magical powers
I scare easily
I like advanced technology and scientific explanations
I don’t scare easily
I like imaginary worlds I like stories that teach us about our past
Historical
Sci-Fi