THE ROGUE OF HUMANITY an in-depth look at the future of medicine and technology
Feature Medical Technology: This Is What Professionals Do on page 10 a professional look on technology
The Inside of Allergies on page 16 inside point of view of the spread of allergies
A Step Towards the Future on page 24 an explanation of the popularity of neuroscience
ISSUED SUMMER 2017
Cover photo credit: Thomas Leth-Olsen, Flickr
Table of Contents
4
Contributors Page
6
Letter From The Editor
8
Invent Time
10
Medical Technology: This is What Professionals Do
14
Functions of the Brain
16
A Step Towards the Future
20
Eleven Brainy Facts
22
Nose-Itching Facts about Allergies
24
Inside Life of Allergies
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Photo credit to MichaelGaida, Pixabay
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Contributors Page Parth’s hot face
Parth Shroff
Parth Shroff is a freshman at LASA. He likes to read science articles, play cricket and play strategic board games. Parth is a very responsible and a very academically oriented student which is why he chose to go to LASA. His goals at LASA include getting straight A’s, taking multiple math and engineering courses, and getting into colleges like MIT, CalTech and UT. Photo credit to Junaid Rasool
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Junaid Rasool
Juanid
He goes to LASA. He loves to make videos in his free time, run track, and sleep. His aspirations and personal goals at LASA and beyond are to get all A’s in school, become a doctor, and be able to run faster than even before. He hopes to get ripped while miraculously saving lives of other people in the future. He is believed to be one the best magazine creators of his time. Photo credit to Parth Shroff
Zenith Jahid
Zenith
Zenith Jahid, a Freshman at the Liberal Arts and Science Academy (LASA), is the main editor-in-chief of The Rouge of Humanity. As a well-rounded student, she has always peaked some interest in the future of science, more specifically, the science around the brain. When she is older, Zenith plans to study neuroscience, but for now, she can always be found listening to some calming music or reading the next installment of a Photo credit to Junaid Rasool thriller trilogy. SUMMER 2017 | THE ROGUE OF HUMANITY | 5
Letter From the Editor Dear Readers, Welcome to the first and only issue of Rogue of Humanity, a magazine about the rise of medicine and technology! This season has been filled with constant bickering about fonts, color scheme, and whether or not the team would be using page borders. However, as we finally saw our magazine come together, we all learned how to cooperate efficiently. Although the team and I have never had a true experience like this before, making this magazine has been a worthwhile experience that has taught us many different life lessons, and allowed us to make lifelong friends for all of us. As medicine and technology continue to be an influential aspect of our everyday lives, the future possibilities are closer than any of us can imagine. Here at Rogue of Humanity, we want our readers to also understand this fact, including advances in medical technology, neuroscience, and allergies. The staff of Rogue of Humanity thanks you for reading our magazine. Sincerely,
Zenith Jahid Editor of Rogue of Humanity
Photo credit to Kye Kane
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Photo Credit to Prawny, Pixabay
“Happiness is not something you postpone for the future; it is something you design for the present.” - Jim Rohn
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Predating the genus Homo, stone tools were used very often by our ancestors. Stone tools were made by taking a piece of stone and knocking off flakes. They are the building block for every single invention that proceeds it. Stone tools had sharp edges which were used for climbing and other small tasks.
Johann Zahn designed the first camera in 1685. However, the first photograph was taken in 1814, which is why the date of invention is 1814; there is no point to an invention if it has no use. It took one picture in black and white
JUNAID
Karl Benz from Germany is given credit for inventing the first car. Many people believe that it was the first “true” car. It was powered by a steam engine. Cars
Camera
Stone Tools
2.5 mya
INVENT
1885
1814
WWW
The Wheel
Steam Engine
Electricity
1990
3,500 BCE The wheel brought an opportunity to a world of the inventions preceding it. Invented by the Mesopotamians, the wheel was originally used as a pottery wheel. It was used for transportaion only 300 years later.
1698
1820
The steam engine wasn’t really invented. Moreover, it was developed over 100 years. It is a heat engine that preforms work using steam as its fluid. It gave rise to trains and any other ways of transportation.
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Electricity was first discovered as static electricity by rubbing two things together. However, it wasn’t really invented. It had already existed in nature in many different forms. However, Michael Faraday made the first electric dynamo, which could conduct and transport electricity in a stable and practical way. Again, this discovery had no use until someone had found a use for it.
Created by Time-Berners Lee, the World Wide Web was created to give people an easy way to share information automatically between students and scientists around the world. Using code, he wrote HTML, URI and HTTP
Sources: http://www.explainthatstuff.com/timeline.html, http://www.datesandevents.
RASOOL
TIME Able to detect 17 different diseases, this Breathalyzer will reduce the time it takes to diagnose someone, further advancing the medical field.
By this time, many people will have robot assistants to help complete tasks around the house. These robots have replaced many of the jobs that humans would previously do. The labour force is declining due to the inventions of new technology. Technology is advancing much faster than social and political change.
Artificial Retinas
Antibiotics
Robots
Disease-Detecting Breathalyzer
2017
Nanoparticles that have been implemented into the human body have been able to prevent up to ninety percent of bacteriarelated diseases. These antibiotics have found the cure to many of the world’s major disease, while also allowing for new ones to arise because of this. These will further impact the future in good and bad ways.
2050
Virtual Reality
2064
Space Travel
2080
2039 2016 Artificial retinas are revolutionary to repairing the eyes. They use a camera, an electronic micro current and a matrix of microscopic electrodes. They can identify large objects in a grey scale manner. One day they may be able to provide 20/20 vision to everyone.
Full immersion virtual reality will take the world by storm. As the world advances, so will this VR. Users can now truly play as their favorite character or experience what its like to be in Germany during WWII. This is possible by using nanobots to stimulate certain nerves in the head.
.org/events-timelines/12-technology-timeline.htm, http://www.futuretimeline.net/
Non Biology
2050+ Space travel will be one of the major focuses of the world today. About thirty years later, the world’s first elevator will have been built. Mars had already been colonized a few decades ago. The cost of launching a material into space has declined dramatically. Extra solar planets may be able to be viewed in close detail. Mars has a permanent human population by now.
Humans are more non-biological than biological. Some of these include artificial organs that never fail, bionic eyes and ears, and provide hours’ worth of oxygen in a single breath.
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Background Photo Credit to mermyhh, Pixabay
Test tubes in the future. Attribution: Wikimedia Commons
Future Medical Technology: This Is What Professionals Do BY JUNAID RASOOL
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ccording to Chris Woodford, a professional science and technology writer, it all started with the first innovation 2.6 million years ago — stone tools. Overtime, inventions improved in function and form. Recent advances in medical technology have driven the possibility that humanity can progress.
“The deaf people we are working with using a new technology called cochlear implants so that the little kids who cannot hear can hear. This has been a revolutionary invention,” Rasool said. But when will this apply to blind people or people who cannot taste? Future medical technology is the solution. Nano-Retina is a company that developed eyeglasses that create the electrical stimulation required to activate the remaining healthy retina cells.
From a disease-detecting Breathalyzer to robotic nurse assistants, these innovations will be revolutionary once they are introduced to the market.
Amir Aslam, a mixed signal design engineer at Seagate, believes that these technologies are what the world needs.
According to referralMD, recent advances in medical technology shape the world today. Current medical technologies use wired
“By 2050, no synthetic computer nor machine intelligence will have become truly self-aware (ie. will become conscious).” -Nova Spivack
“Yes, I would definitely use these technologies. Medical technology innovation has played a crucial role in sustaining health. From small innovations like adhesive bandages and ankle braces, to larger, more complex technologies like Magnetic Resonance Imaging machines, artificial organs and robotic prosthetic limb. Technology has undoubtedly made an incredible impact on medicine,” said Aslam There are many advantages with advancements in medical technology. But Anjum, Rasool and Aslam caution that there could also be disadvantages. Robots may replace jobs, or they may take over the world. According to Nova Spivack, CEO of Bottlenose, an American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, and author, it is predicted that machines will never become truly self-aware due to it not being a living thing. Anjum and Rasool acknowledge that machines were made by humans so they would have flaws, just like humans. “Robots aren’t perfect,” Anjum said. “[New technology] will be helpful but they will not take over.” says Rasool. Anjum, Rasool, and Aslam all agree that the pros outweigh the cons.
machines and implants that may not be useful long term. When one looks to the future, there are nano-retina eyeglasses, and Breathalyzers along with other medical technologies. They are different from what is being used now in the sense that they aren’t accessible for doctors to use yet and they are much more efficient. Will this help or hurt humanity? Rukhsana Anjum, a student at Virginia College, uses computers and sonographic devices to complete the tasks such as scanning a patient or sending an image to another. “Ultrasound machines are just like computers. And there is a wire attached with this machine and there is a probe,” began Anjum, “We use this probe on the patient’s arteries, veins, or any organ of the body and this probe processes all the information into the computer and then on the screen we see the picture,” Anjum said. The sonographers don’t use wireless machines. This could make things easier to navigate but they are also easier to misplace. Dr. Iftikhar Rasool, specializes in ear, eye, and nose at Kamal Hospital in Lodhran, Pakistan, and uses older technology.
Futuristic Lights Attribution: Wikimedia Commons S U M M E R 2 0 1 7 | T H E R O G U E O F H U M A N I T Y | 11
Scientists work on new drugs to improve vision. Attribution: Pexels.com
“Hands down, the new revolution that these technologies are going to bring is good for the humanity. The time and effort it will take to save a patient's life can't be explained,” Aslam said. He understands that, “When someone is sick all that patient cares for is to get his or health back,” Aslam said. The advantages of medical technology outweigh the disadvantages. As for jobs in the U.S, according to Aslam, new technology won’t destroy them, but help them. “Technological progress has vastly contributed to the development of our economies and subsequently our material and non-material living standards. We continue to see improvements in existing technology, from the latest computers to new inventions previously not even dreamed of, like solar panels and online shopping,” Aslam said. “So it is fair to say that technology is the result of expanding innovative ideas that build on existing ideas … There are many jobs that will be difficult to render obsolete from technological progress,” continued Aslam. According to Aslam, perhaps technologies like these will stay a dream. Rasool, Anjum, and Aslam all agreed that medical technologies would be accessible to use in the next 10 years. “Maybe in the next 10 years,” said Anjum. Through future medical technology, the lives of those around us have improved.
One of the many ideas for a futuristic humanoid robot. Attribution: Wikimedia Commons
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The future of live performances: Wikimedia Commons
“The science of today is the technology of tomorrow� -Edward Teller Background Photo Credit to mermyhh, Pixabay S U M M E R 2 0 1 7 | T H E R O G U E O F H U M A N I T Y | 13
Functions o
BY ZENIT
Parietal Lobe
There are a total of 3 areas in the brain: the cerebrum, w the brain (which cannot be seen by the diagram); the cere finally the brainstem, which connects th
• Interprets language and words • Contains the motor cortex and the sensory cortex memory • is mainly known for spatial and visual perception
Occipital Lobe • Interprets vision, including color, light, and movement
Cerebellum • Coordinates muscle movement • Maintain position and balance
Cerebrum
As the cerebrum includes the frontal, parieta performs higher mental functions like interp reason, emotions, moveme 14 | T H E R O G U E O F H U M A N I T Y | S U M M E R 2 0 1 7
of The Brain
TH JAHID
which is made up of 4 main outer and inner areas inside ebellum, a huge part in motor control of any animal; and he brain to the spine and nervous system.
Frontal Lobe • Makes decisions • Defines personality • Carries out higher mental processes
Temporal Lobe • • • •
Understands language Memory Hearing Sequencing and organization
Brain Stem • Connect the brain to the spinal cord and nervous system • Regulates basic functions like breathing, body temperature, and heart rate • Is a commonality in many animals
al, occipital, and temporal lobes, it therefore preting the five senses, speech, understanding ent, and the ability to learn. S U M M E R 2 0 1 7 | T H E R O G U E O F H U M A N I T Y | 15
AS te
re tu
p
s d T r a h e w F o u T
Photo credit to Adobe Stock Images
BY: ZENITH JAHID
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letter read, every song heard, every cake tasted, every E very key touched, every flower smelled — everything that is done goes through the brain.
Neuroscience is research done on the brain. This research can be taught to doctors, who use this information to diagnose patients. In 2013, neuroscience became a national headline when President Barack Obama set aside three billion dollars to continue research expansion. According to USA TODAY, the brain and behavioral science continue to be some of the most popular college majors.
President Obama explains the Brain Initiative, a program that sets aside money to continue research on the brain. Photo credit to Open Knowledge, Flickr.
But why? Why does the brain and the research behind it matter so much to our current society? The brain is a fragile organ, with the second highest cause of death caused by strokes in the world, according the World Health Organization. (Strokes happen when there is a clot in the brain.) When someone has a stroke, some of their brain cells die. Unlike other cells in the body, brain cells do not regenerate, so valuable information can vanish forever in an instant. This feature of the brain, not being able to reform the same brain cells, is what many neurologists and neuroscientists want to change and prevent from happening in the future. Both Alzheimer’s disease, which is progressive memory loss, and Parkinson’s disease, which is a disorder in the central nervous system that affects movement, have effects that are present in old age. These diseases and disorders affect over six million people, with around 60,000 new cases coming in every year. The root cause, however, can be found in young adults and children. An example of this would include young children and their exposure to the digital world. “The brain trains [the child to think] ‘Well I need it [an electronic device] this way,’ and that can cause some [early] problems,” says Iris Wingrove of Optimize Neurology “That’s a more recent area of study … [but] there appear to be some changes that happen [to their brain].” Without the brain, no one would be able to experience the five senses. Photo credit to Unsplash. com; Pixabay, Pexels; Moyan Brenn, Flickr; Joshua Powers, Flickr.
Unlike young children who are curious and interested about the natural world, children who are influenced by an electronic S U M M E R 2 0 1 7 | T H E R O G U E O F H U M A N I T Y | 17
Dr. Patrick Nolan explaining the central nervous system. Photo credit to Zenith Jahid.
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device have certain parts of the brain that are used and certain aspects that are not. This can lead to a lack in usage, and is shown later in life through brain damage. It’s important for young children to be familiar with the different senses to because, as Dr. Patrick Nolan, a neurologist at St. David’s Hospital says, “The more you’re exposed to things as you develop, usually the better off your brain does.” Youth brain damage is another reason why neuroscience and neurology is so important to the medical industry. Doctors and scientists are still not sure of how or why the brain reacts the way it does, but the need to find out has come rapidly. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, mental disorders are becoming more common, affecting tens of millions of people every year. Although it may seem that there has not been much improvement in tackling some of these diseases, there have been some advancements in medical technology. Nolan says, “One of the big changes is how we take care of strokes these days. In the last 10 years, there’s now medicine available if you come in within the first three hours of having a stroke. We can give you medicine, sometimes to break up the clot.” As more and more research is done, the closer scientists believe prevention is possible. “It’s kind of a golden age for neuroscience,” says professor Michael Mauk, the neuroscience department chair at the University of Texas, about the current rise of Neuroscience, “I’m really hoping that your generation can make all of those things go away or at least preventable.”
Professor Michael Mauk in his office at the University of Texas. Photo credit to Zenith Jahid
Along with the advancement in medicine there has also been many renovations in machinery, making artificial intelligent machines possible in the near future. This makes scientists and doctors think, what is the brain? Is it only electrical activity and informational processes that happen throughout, much like a circuit board inside a robot? And if it is, would that be capable of diagnosing sensitive mental diseases? Wingrove countered by saying neurology requires a very human touch. Being able to understand the patient and their situation is key to diagnosing brain diseases properly. “Neurologists have to use their own brains, and so to program a robot, you can only program as well as you can think to program them,” Wingrove said. Nevertheless, the excitement about the research has spread all across the country in the past decade. Before, many people thought neuroscience was just a segment of larger subjects, like biology and psychology. Now, people know neuroscience is not just a corner of biology — it’s a separate field. With many developments underway, acknowledgement of the field has grown exponentially. Neuroscience, and science in general have increasingly developed, and there is much more hope in the fields in the years to come. Mauk states, “What we learned in the 1950s is chapter one of a long textbook … one of the parts about science is that it’s the only part of my life where I’m always on the cutting edge. We’re not doing what was done yesterday, we’re trying to imagine what we can do tomorrow.”
Dr. Iris Wingrove at her clinic, Optimize Neurology. Photo credit to Zenith Jahid
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11
Brainy Facts BY ZENITH JAHID
FACT 4
The Echidna, a native animal of Australia, doesn’t have any dreams FACT 5
Only 5 minutes without oxygen can cause permanent brain damage.
FACT 8
Brain cells cannibalize themselves as a last ditch source of energy to ward off starvation. So in very real ways dieting can force your brain to eat itself. FACT 9
Your brain weighs about 3 pounds. Of that, the dry weight is 60% fat, making your brain the fattiest organ.
FACT 1
Einstein’s brain was smaller than the average human. FACT 6 The average brain is believed to generate around 50,000 thoughts per day. Disturbingly, it’s estimated that in most people 70% of these thoughts are negative.
FACT 2
F A C T 10
Some scientists believe a zombie apocalypse could be possible with the introduction of a mutated virus or parasite, which would eventually spread through different populations. F A C T 11
When awake, the brain can power a small light bulb. FACT 3 FACT 7
The brain cannot feel any pain 95% of your decisions take place in because there are no pain receptors. your subconscious mind
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Many think the brain is split into a left and right brain — the left being more analytical, and the right side of the brain being more creative. However, this is a complete myth; the “left” and “right” brain work together.
Sources: WikiMedia Commons, Pixabay, and Flickr.
“The art of medicine consists of amusing the patient while nature cures the disease.� -Voltaire
Photo credit to Unsplash, Pexels.
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Nose-Itching Facts About Allergies BY PARTH SHROFF
Discover fun and interesting facts about allergies and allergens along with statistics about various facts. 22 | T H E R O G U E O F H U M A N I T Y | S U M M E R 2 0 1 7
Up to 55% of the population in the U.S. test positive on one or more of specific allergens.
Common drug allergies include penicillin and related antibiotics, aspirin, ibuprofen, and chemotherapy drugs.
Caring for children with food allergies cost about $25 billion each year.
As the humidity increases in the room, the number of dust mites increase resulting in increase in allergies and asthma.
Meat allergies are a common form of allergies and the most common symptoms occur in the nose.
Since allergies are extremely prevelant among patients, the Social Security Administration recognizes impairments such as dermititis and asthma.
10 - 30% of the world population suffer from a form of allergic rhinitis.
Symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis are usually caused by allergic sensitivity to pollens from trees, grasses or weeds, or to airborne mold spores.
Peanut is the most common allergen. Milk is second. Shellfish is third.
Most common wheat allergies include bread and pasta. Nonfood items containing wheat include Play-Doh , cosmetics and bath products.
Sources: Velka, PublicDomainPictures; Kurious, Pixabay; Clker-Free-Vector-Images, Pixabay; GoodFreePhotos; WPClipart
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Series of pictures representing what people think when they think of healthcare. Pixabay , Wikimedia Commons, Max Pixel
The Inside of Allergies BY PARTH SHROFF
ou eat a harmless looking peanut. Once you have
E. These antibodies respond to
consumed it, you start having a congested nose, itchy
allergens which results in allergic
eyes, swollen eyes, hives, swollen tongue, throat tightness,
reactions.` Some of the common
breathing difficulty and then full blown anaphylaxis. This
symptoms include watery eyes,
is what a severe allergic reaction could feel like. Some of
runny nose, sneezing, and rashes.
the side effects can range from a small cold to detrimental
According to Dr. Binaca Gaglani,
to even deadly reactions. According to the Asthma and
who specializes in allergy and
Allergy Foundation of America, more than 30 percent of
immunology studies, “Food
adults and 40 percent of children in the U.S. suffer from
allergies are basically where after
some type of allergy.
a patient has ingested the food that they are allergic to, it can
Dr. Gaglani
Allergies are one of the most common chronic diseases
affect any system of their body.
in the world. An allergy occurs when the body’s immune
Basically the cells that respond to allergic reactions are
system sees a substance as harmful and then overreacts
present in all the organs of our body. They are present in
to it. The substance that causes this is known as an
skin, airways, cardiovascular system, in your brain and
allergen. When someone has an allergy, their immune
everywhere, so it depends on what type of allergen and
system makes an antibody known as immunoglobulin
how allergic you are.”
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The most common types of allergens include prescription
Another study was conducted to test people with peanut
drugs, food (often peanuts), insects, Latex, mold, pet
allergies. This study was known as the Learning Early
urine and pollen. Some of the most common treatments
About Peanut (LEAP) study. The study showed was is
for allergies include avoidance of allergens, medication
that if they were to expose infants and small children to
options and immunotherapy which is a treatment to train
peanuts earlier in life, many times the children tend to
your immune system not to overreact.
develop more immunity. They specifically tested this idea on Jews in the United Kingdom (U.K.) vs. Israeli Jews. The Jews living in the UK had greater immunity towards allergies than in Israel because they were given peanut products early in life.
A common allergen known as pollen
A theory has also been proposed talking about the effects of pollutants on allergies. “So in terms of those pollutant cause allergies, there have been some studies done
“Exposure to smoke results in the body’s enhanced ability to produce IgE (the allergy antibody) that attaches to allergens” - MedicineNet
which correlate to chemical mediators of allergies being released to higher exposure to allergens. The main things that we see as clinicians is that when there is pollution, smoke, etc in the air, its excess irritant and so most of the
Certain technologies also help with people with allergies.
time, it worsens the symptoms of allergies and asthma,
The EpiPen is a good example of this. The current version
both because it is more excess and an irritant trigger,”
is easier for children to use. They also have a version where
Gaglani said.
they can talk to a person so they don’t have to learn it on your own while it tells them how to use it step after step to
Studies have also been conducted to show information
give them an injection. Many times when someone has an
about allergies. Specifically, there was a study that
allergic reaction, they can get very panicky and forget how
Gaglani mentioned where they saw that people who grew
to do things and it is nice when they have the EpiPen with
up in farms and lived with animals. Since these people
them to act as a guide.
were covered with dirt, they were less likely to attract those allergies compared to children who didn’t grow up in a farmland.
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Orthomolecular/ecology-minded practitioners have found that, “a huge spectrum of mental and emotional symptoms can be triggered by allergies, including agitation, anxiety, compulsions, lack of concentration, Brain Fag Syndrome (BFS), confusion, weepiness, delirium, delusion, depression, disorientation, drowsiness, epilepsy, hallucinations, hyperactivity, hyperarousal episodes (i.e. palpitations, sweating, trembling), hypersensitivity, hysteria, impatience, insomnia, irritability, jumpiness, lethargy, mania, mental slowness, mental fogginess, nightmares, panic, paranoia, A picture of an EpiPen Box. Wikimedia
Another type of treatment allergies and asthma is the air purifier. According to Allergy and Asthma Care, “Air purifiers are some of the best, most practical at-home treatment options for asthma and allergy symptoms. Depending on the air quality of the environment one is in, allergy and asthma symptoms can flare, making it difficult to breathe. Air purifiers, in a sense, remove the need for direct treatment of allergies by making the air itself easy to breathe.”
psychoses, rage, restlessness, and tension-fatigue syndrome.” Other symptoms of food allergies can also change your personality, reflexes, motor activity, and the central nervous system caused by a change in sections of the brain. Allergies are prevalent in today’s society and treatment for them should be taken into consideration. As medical technology and equipment improves, many new treatment measures are available as the increase of allergens become a more prevalent issue in the nation.
Bronchial Thermoplasty also threats asthma symptoms. This new technology uses radio waves to burn off overgrown muscle in the airways and lungs. It uses thin wires that are lowered down into a patient’s lungs which then emit radio waves burning off a portion of the muscle in the airways. There have also been studies that show a correlation between allergies and mental health. According to Dr. Dilip Karnik, “I do feel that there is an increase in the number of autism, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).” According to Tarilee Cornish, who is a nutritional consultant, “food and/or chemical allergies can create emotional, behavioral and mental symptoms such as panic attacks, compulsive behavior, depression, psychotic episodes or hallucinations.” She also showed that they contribute to less severe mental and emotional states such as anxiety, irritability, inability to concentrate, and feeling to be in a mental fog.
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“Unfortunately, I’m allergic to all animals and even some people” -Wentworth Miller
Dandelions symbolize the spread of allergies around the environment.
Sunflower pollen reacts with ragweed allergies as well as a common allergen themselves.
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THE ROGUE OF HUMANITY
ISSUED SUMMER 2017