Thought Bubble by LASA Ezine

Thought Bubble Fall 20 20

Media t he Man Eat er Are sharks really the monsters here? Page 4

The Race t o End Racism Examining the media and education's role in ending racism Page 10

The Rise of Diver se Book s The #OwnVoices movement in publishing, Page 16

Populat ion Wit hout Repr esent at ion Are Asian actors getting enough representation on screen?

A Thousand Wor ds on Pict ur es A closer look at the impacts of photography Page 28

Page 22

Table Table of of C Contents ontents Table of Contents ....................................... 1 Letter Fr om the Editor s ............................. 2 M eet the Editor s......................................... 3

Man Eating Monsters. Or Not? 4 .....................................M edia the M an Eater 8 ....................................... Shar k Infor m ation

Society's Racism graphic by Lili Xiong

The Race to End Racism ........................... 10 Dom ino Effect ........................................... 14

graphic by Lili Xiong

Diverse Books

16 ..................... The Rise of Diver se Books 20 ......... Diver se Book Recom m endations

Asian Representation Population W ithout Repr esentation ....... 22 M eaningful M ovies .................................. 26

Photography of People 28 ............... A Thousand Wor ds on Pictur es 32 ............................................ Gam e Bubble Page Design by Sabr ine Petusky

Inside Cover Design by Susannah Sm ith

Fr ont Cover Design by M alvika Pr adhan

1 Thought Bubble

L etter f rom the Editors Sincerely, Welcom e to Thought Bubble, a m agazine cr eated by students of the Liber al Ar ts and Science Academy (LASA) over the cour se of a sem ester. We w or ked to get r elevant infor m ation that is backed up by facts and sour ces to confr ont how the m edia affects people's view s and biases. Our M agazine is about how the m edia affects society, w hat people do and think, how they feel about cer tain topics, and vice ver sa. Each m em ber of the team chose a topic and conducted inter view s and r esear ch to becom e as know ledgeable as they can and pr esent the m ost w ell cr afted ar ticle possible. Lili Xiong w ill be talking about how r acism is depicted in the m edia and how it cr eates a ?dom ino effect?. Susannah Sm ith w or ked on an ar ticle about how the #Ow nVoices hashtag in publishing for m ed and how it affects m inor ity gr oups in the industr y, as w ell as diving into finding if childr en fr om ever y differ ent backgr ound feel r epr esented in the m edia. M alvika Pr adhan discusses how film s such as Cr azy Rich Asians and Par asite ar e giving Asians m or e r epr esentation in the m edia. Sabr ine Petusky looks at the w ay photogr aphy - and m or e specifically, photojour nalism - fr am es events and m ovem ents and the w ay it affects people?s

view s and opinions on them . M adeleine Van Slyke talks about how the w ay the m edia por tr ays shar ks pr om pts an unnecessar y fear of them and how shar ks help their envir onm ent. The team has w or ked together fr om the beginning. W ith the pandem ic still a m ajor par t of ever yone?s lives, m eetings took place on zoom and via text m essages. The fir st step in this m agazine w as com ing up w ith som e house r ules. Then cam e the painful task of r eaching out to m any m any people for inter view r equests and getting ghosted ten to one. The inter view s w er e w hat star ted the pr ocess, then the ASF?s w hich the gr oup said to be m or e difficult even than getting the inter view s. Finally the m agazine began to com e together , pages com ing into place, ar ticles being w r itten and gr aphics being m ade. In all honesty som e of the gr oups har dest jobs w er e finding house styles that w or ked w ith ever yone?s individual vision. The font alone took m or e than a full m eeting per iod to choose. Not only that but jum ping fr om pr ogr am to pr ogr am , fr om Gr avit to Google Docum ents to Lucidpr ess m ade the or ganizational aspect all the m or e skew ed. All these factor s m ade the com m unication par t of the pr oject that m uch m or e im por tant. We hope you enjoy this r ead, the gr aphics and infor m ation that the gr oup w or ked so har d on, and w e hope you lear n som ething new.

2 Thought Bubble

This is our team 's gr oup pictur e. Page design by LiLi Xiong

M eet the Editors M alvika Pr adhan is in 9th gr ade at LASA. This is her fir st tim e w r iting and designing pages for a m agazine, and she hopes to do m or e of it in the futur e. In this Ezine she w as the content editor and m ade sur e that ever y page contr ibuted to the m agazine?s over all them e. She enjoys sw im m ing, baking, and aspir es to be halfw ay decent at ar t. She is ver y undecided about her futur e, but w ants to either be a jour nalist or a law yer.

LiLi Xiong is a fr eshw om an at LASA. She enjoys w r iting, scr apbooking, and doing other things that ar en?t r eally useful. She hopes to one day cr eate a gr aphic that actually looks decent, w r ite a novel that isn?t as cr ingy as w hat she has alr eady w r itten, and lead an aesthetic life.

Susannah Sm ith in her fr eshm an year at LASA high school. In her pr etty lim ited fr ee tim e, she likes to r ead sad books in an effor t to m ake her self sad (don?t ask w hy, it?s com plicated). A fun fact about Susannah is that she is liter ally the least decisive per son on the planet. W hen she becom es an adult, her dr eam is to vote Ted Cr uz out of office. For m oney, she w ould pr obably like to w or k at a zoo. It is also possible that she w ould r un to be a r epr esentative in the House of Repr esentatives because w hy not. M adeleine Van Slyke is yet another fr eshm an at LASA. She enjoys english and social studies far m or e than m ath and science and despises Algebr a 2 challenge pr oblem s w ith ever y fiber of her being. W hen she gr ow s up she has about five differ ent car eer plans, the m ost notew or thy being leaving the w or ld and living on a sailboat at sea and r unning for pr esident. She is ver y lucky to have m any close fr iends w ho she loves ver y m uch and hangs out w ith in her fr ee tim e.

Along w ith the other editor s, Sabr ine Petusky is also a fr eshper son at LASA. The little am ount of tim e she is not spending on hom ew or k she tends to spend r eading or hanging out w ith fr iends or fam ily. A fun fact about her is that she m ay actually be less decisive than Susannah. She enjoys algebr a, petting her cat, and w asting tim e on social m edia. Her biggest aspir ation is to w r ite a novel w ithout abandoning it halfw ay thr ough, or to at least com e up w ith a job she m ight actually w ant to pur sue. She?s 14, 5?6?, a br unette, w ith gr een eyes. Well, you pr obably didn?t need to know that? . Anyw ay, she has a cat and a dog so that?s fun.

Page design by M adeleine Van Slyke

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M edia The M an Eater Are sharks really the monsters here? By Madeleine Van Slyke

har ks have a bad r eputation. Thanks to stor ies and ster eotyping, shar ks have becom e fear ed r ather than r ever ed, but shar ks ar e far m or e often the victim s. They?r e killed by the m illions annually to supply dem and for their fins, w hich ar e m ade into soup and eaten as a status sym bol, pr im ar ily in Asia. Such dem and for fins has led to over fishing and illegal fishing, depleting shar k populations w or ldw ide. The Shar k Resear ch Institute w or ks to use science to educate students, teacher s and anyone inter ested about shar ks, and pr otect all shar k species. Jennifer Schm idt, dir ector of science and r esear ch 4 at the institute, uses genetic tools to Thought char acter ize Bubble w ild

populations. M uch of her w or k has focused on w hale Another or ganization shar ks, lear ning w or king to about their change the m igr ation and nar r ative r epr oductive The media has done on shar ks patter ns. is

a great disservice to sharks."

?We'r e -Jennifer Schmidt, called a director of science Resear ch and research at the Institute Shark Research and w e do Institute and have Shar ks4Kids, done r esear ch founded by on m any shar k m ar ine biologist species over the year s,? Jillian M or r is. M or r is said Schm idt said, ?but w e also have a fair ly significant focus the goal of Shar ks4Kids is to cr eate a new gener ation of on education and things like shar k advocates thr ough that. We do a lot of outr each access to a dynam ic r ange of to tr y to pr om ote shar k educational m ater ials. legislation that's obviously beneficial to shar ks and m any other species out Accor ding to the Univer sity ther e, so ther e ar e people in of Flor ida's Inter national the gr oup that ar e w or king Shar k Attack File, ther e w er e in all sor ts of differ ent 64 unpr ovoked shar k attacks aspects. r epor ted ar ound the globe in

2019. Tw o of these attacks r esulted in death. How ever , hum ans kill about 100 m illion shar ks and r ays each year. M ost ar e killed by com m er cial fisher m en for their fins and flesh. ?If you toss a bunch of people into the w ater , w ith no w ay for them to get out, I m ean, [shar ks] live ther e, they eat things ther e,? said Schm idt, ?I think ther e is a ther e's a sm all am ount of r eal fear ther e because fr om tim e to tim e they do attack people. But I think then that's been taken to a gr eat extr em e that by m ovies such as Jaw s and by Shar k Week, by all of the m edia and other avenues that can pr ofit fr om

?Unfor tunately the 400 species of shar ks ar e only a sm all per centage that w e r eally have good population counts on,? Schm idt said. ?If you look at those num ber s they ar e bad am ong the differ ent species. Som e ar e dow n 90% over the last few decades. I think estim ates r ange anyw her e fr om 50% r eduction in population that. The Image courtesy of Madeleine Van Slyke num ber s in m edia has the near futur e to even 90 to done a gr eat disser vice to 95%.? shar ks? Shar ks play a cr itical r ole in the delicate balance of ocean ecosystem s. Despite their im por tance, shar k populations ar e being decim ated globally. Accor ding to the Wor ld W ildlife foundation, som e 25% of all the 494 shar ks and r ays inhabiting coastal continental shelves, w hich includes all r eef shar ks, ar e thr eatened w ith extinction. Ther e m ay be m any m or e as the conser vation status of 35% of shar k and r ay populations is not yet know n.

Shar ks ar e at the top of the food chain, and help m aintain the balance of m ar ine life. They help r em ove the w eak and the sick as w ell as keeping the balance w ith com petitor s helping to ensur e species diver sity. ?Shar ks keep ocean ecosystem s healthy and balanced,? M or r is said. ?W hile not all shar ks ar e apex pr edator s, no 5 m atter w her e they ar e in the Thought Bubble system they help keep

pr ey populations in check w hile also affecting their behavior and distr ibution.? Sim ilar ly, Schm idt also believes that shar ks ar e essential to m aintain the balance in an ecosystem , Should they disappear or delete in population the effects w ould be dr am atic.

differ ent levels,? Schm idt said, ?being and eating ever ything fr om big things to the sm allest things.? If the shar ks disappear , the sm aller fish explode in population, because nothing's eating them . Pr etty soon, their food -

ever ything fr om pr edator s like Tiger shar ks and w hite shar ks and things like that r eally have sor t of a m or e top-dow n appr oach, they keep dow n the pr ey populations as w ell as sm aller pr edator s. If the pr edator s w er e to

?I think w ith a lot of tr ophic system s, you r eally need anim als at ever y level to keep the w hole system functioning pr oper ly and

They are not monsters or man eaters." -Jillian Morris, Marine Biologist

shar ks ar e fascinating 6 because they w or k at all Thought Bubble those

Jennifer Schmidt dives with a Whale Shark to conduct research. Image courtesy of Jennifer Schmidt.

plankton, m icr oor ganism s, little shr im ps - all of that is gone, so all the little fish ultim ately star ve. ?Ther e ar e m or e than 400 species of shar ks,? said Schm idt, ?They occupy all kinds of differ ent tr ophic levels so you have

over populate and they w ould eat the low er tr ophic level, m eaning that ever ything should be in balance so that you don?t have an explosion of a given population, w e don't need the pr edator s w hich over eat the low er tr ophic levels so ther e's a r eal key to keeping balance ther e, as shar ks

have been depleted effects like that has been seen.? People can alr eady see these effects. Ten year s ago, cow nose r ays in the Atlantic w er e accused of excessively eating up scallops in Nor th Car olina and oyster s in the Chesapeake Bay. At the tim e both shellfish populations w er e cr ashing and r ays becam e the scapegoat. A per ceived spike in r ay num ber s w as r epor tedly due to a decline in shar ks, w hich eat the r ays along the Atlantic Coast. The gr ow ing tr ade in shar k fins, often used to m ake an expensive Asian soup, has becom e a ser ious thr eat to m any shar k species. This is a big factor in another thr eat - over fishing. The over fishing of shar ks happens because of the huge dem and, m ainly for shar k fins, and a lack of m anagem ent to ensur e shar k fisher ies ar e sustainable. ?I don't think people r ealize the extent of com m er cial fishing of the oceans,? said Schm idt. ?I m ean you have factor y fishing boats that ar e the size of a building. So shar ks ar e oftentim es intentionally caught, but ther e ar e m any m any cases of them being taken as bycatch. That's the w or d you

use for things that ar e caught by m istake w hen you'r e fishing for som ething else. So if you'r e tr ying to fish, and you get a bunch of shar ks, m ost shar ks by the tim e they'r e pulled up onto a big fishing ship in a net ar e alr eady dead so that?s hugely har m ful to the population.? W hile fear s of unpr ovoked shar k attacks ar e com m on, attacks them selves ar e not. Statistically, you have about a 1 in 3,748,067 chance of dying in a shar k attack, accor ding to the Inter national Shar k Attack File of the Univer sity of Flor ida's M useum of Natur al Histor y. Hum ans ar e har dw ir ed to r espond to infor m ation w ith feelings fir st and thoughts second. Over tim e, hum ans tend to r espond m or e w ith feelings than they do w ith thinking. ?The ocean is vast and unknow n and as hum ans, w e have a natur al fear of the unknow n,? said M or r is. ?Jaw s had people afr aid to go in sw im m ing pools. W hen ther e is a r eal anim al por tr ayed as a m onster people w alk aw ay w ith fear.? W hen Jaws w as r eleased in 1975, it spar ked a decades-long tr end of incr eased hunting that r educed shar k populations

along the Easter n Seaboar d of Am er ica by as m uch as 50 per cent, accor ding to the Flor ida Pr ogr am m e for Shar k Resear ch in the US. ?M ovies play into that [por tr aying shar ks as m onster s] to dr ive their audience and get a r eaction,? says Schm idt, ?M oder n m ovies like 47 M eter s Dow n have done a huge disser vice to shar ks. They w eave r ealistic elem ents in to elevate the fear.? Now adays, the bigger thr eat to shar ks com es fr om com m er cial fishing, especially the shar k finning industr y. But even today, w hen w e know so m uch m or e about the tr ue natur e of the anim al, the negative depiction of them in film s is contr ibuting to their passing. ?If people ar e constantly exposed to negative im ages and infor m ation,? M or r is said, ?they w ill absor b it w hether they r ealize it or not. If w e ar e constantly taught to fear som ething, it's har d to br eak fr ee of that. This is w hy positive m edia and facts about shar ks ar e so im por tant. Shar ks ar e not m onster s or m aneater s.?

7 Thought Bubble

Partsof aShark First Dorsal Fin

Precaudal Pit SecondDorsal Fin Caudal Fin

Eye Nostril

Caudal Keel PelvicFin Clasper (Males) Pectoral Fin

Snout Mouth

Gill Openings Head

Trunk

Tail

Importanceof Sharks INTHEECOSYSTEM Sharksmaintainthespeciesin thefoodchainbelowthemand serveasanindicator of ocean health. Theypromotenatural selectionbyremovingtheweak or sickandkeepthebalancewith competitorshelpingtoensure speciesdiversity. Theyalsowork t alter thefeedingstrategyand dietsof different species. Sharksindirectlymaintain seagrass andcoralsreef habitats. Thelossof sharkshas led tothedeclineof coral 6 reefs,seagrassbeds andthelossof Thought commercial Bubble fisheries.

INTHEECONOMY Sharks?control over species belowtheminthefoodchain indirectlyaffectstheeconomy.A studyinNorthCarolinashowed that thelossof thegreat sharks increasedtheray populations belowthem.Asaresult,the hungryraysateall thebay scallops,forcingthefisheryto close. Sharksarealsoinfluencing theeconomythroughecotourism. IntheBahamas,asinglelivereef shark isworth$250,000asa result of divetourismversusa onetimevalueof $50when caught byafisherman. Onewhale sharkinBelizecanbringin$2 millionover itslifetime.

INTHEWORLD Sincesharkssupport healthy seagrassmeadowsbypreventing overgrazing, sharksplayan important roleinthecarbon cycle. Seagrassesabsorbvast amountsof carbonandstoreit in theplantsthemselvesandinthe sediment,preventinggreenhouse gasesfromwarmingthe atmosphere. Sharksstorealot of carbonintheir ownbodies,too? astudyshowedthat aswereduce thepopulationsof largeanimals intheoceanwehavereducedthe ocean?scapacitytostorecarbon bymillionsof tons. That means morecarbonintheatmosphere, acceleratingglobal warming.

What AreTheOddsit KillsYou? AnyFormof

1in8,000,000 1in6,800

1in112,382

9 Thought Bubble

e h T

e To c a R End Racism .

Examining the media and education's role in ending racism Examining the

LiLi's Feature

media and education's role in endin

r eonna Taylor. Geor ge Floyd. Er ic Gar ner. Say their nam es, Black Lives M atter suppor ter s dem and. Police br utality tar geted at Afr ican Am er icans this year especially has shone a spotlight on the system atic r acism that is w oven 10 w ithin the cor e of Thought US society. Bubble W hen

dissecting r acism in a society, var ious aspects need to be exam ined,including education, liter atur e, and the gener al m edia. How these aspects can have a var iety of im plications on r acism and str uctur al violence is explained by Gr ant Loveless, an Afr ican Am er ican w r iter and college student at Austin Com m unity College.

These aspects can have im plications on r acism such as the m edia m isr epr esenting issues, accor ding to Gr ant Loveless, an Afr ican Am er ican w r iter and college student at Austin Com m unity College.

?Social m edia has an im pact on how w e think, on how w e act, how w e suppor t, how w e

invest , and how w e com m unicate w ith other people,? Loveless said. ?Social m edia has gr ow n into such a huge par t in people?s lives.?

of people can w r ite these stor ies and say they ar e peaceful pr otests, w hile other s can say they ar e r iots, so people w ill say differ ent things about the sam e thing.?

As social m edia has developed into such an influential platfor m , the w ay Loveless believes it is used can have ser ious im plications: w hether for the better or It?s about the w or se. As social students seeing m edia has themselves in the developed into curriculum and also about us such an bringing the real world into influential their education." platfor m , the w ay it is used can have ser ious - Jared Breckenridge , im plications: educator and former w hether for the school board better or w or se. candidate Loveless outlines that liter atur e social m edia can be used as plays a r ole in an im por tant infor m ational educating oneself about the tool, but can distor t or pr essing issues of our tim e. exagger ate events and or ganizations as w ell. ?M alcom X?s autobiogr aphy r eally has put a huge ?We?r e using digital m edia to spotlight on those issues not only m obilize [r acism ] as w ell as br inging com m unities to disr upt to light that a lot of black the socio-political dispar ities, fam ilies and com m unities but to also have need to have those uncom for table dialogues conver sations,? Loveless w ith one another and their said. peer s to actually br ing light to situations or w hatever is Jar ed Br eckenr idge, an going on,? Loveless said. ?On Afr ican Am er ican educator the other hand, talking fr om and for m er school boar d a socio-political standpoint, candidate, gr ew up in East w her e w e see pr otests, a lot Austin and has lived in

Austin his w hole life.

Im age cour tesy of Jar ed Br eckenr idge.

Br eckenr idge believes books lack r epr esentation of all ethnicities. ?In my college class, w e looked at the books in cur r iculum s and thr ough a cultur al lens,? Br eckenr idge said. ?We w er e able to tally up how m any w hites w er e included in the books, how m any of the Asians, how m any of the Afr ican Am er icans, and the differ ent dem ogr aphics, and it w as inter esting to see that it w as m ostly w hite m en that w er e included in the cur r iculum . We don?t include ever y cultur e, ever y ethnicity, ever y r ace, and that?s som ething w e need to r elook at.? As a teacher of color , Br eckenr idge br ings a per spective on our

11 Thought Bubble

education that is r elevant to inher ent r acism and that school cur r iculum s have influence on r acism .

back to 1928, w e w er e pushed into East Austin and since then, I look at our neighbor hood now and w e?r e not her e as m uch as w e used to be. M any of our businesses ar e escaping us...It?s just not the sam e anym or e, even the housing str uctur es ar ound us.?

W ith incr easing am ounts of disinfor m ation in the m edia, Loveless believes it m ay seem difficult for people to educate them selves on the m atter. How ever , he said you just need to believe in your dr eam s and m ake them becom e a r eality.

?It?s about the students seeing them selves in the cur r iculum and also about us br inging the r eal w or ld into their education,? Br eckenr idge said. ?This sum m er w ith the pr otests and Black Lives M atter and Social ?If you feel in your soul that all that, I think that that media has an you need to cr eate a should be included in impact on how we m ovem ent, or an event, or our cur r iculum s in think, on how we act, an or ganization, if you w ant som e kind of w ay. I?m how we support, how we to do som ething in your high not saying w e ar e invest , and how we school, do it,? Loveless said. for cing our students to communicate with other ?In high school for m e, a lot believe in Black Lives of my fr iends called people" M atter. Ever y student m e cr azy w hen I -Grant Loveless, unfor tunately in ever y w as passionate college student fam ily does not believe about the in that and I don?t think it?s and writer things I w anted our job to pr essur e them into to do. I said, I that, but I think it?s good for w ant to cr eate Br eckenr idge?s us to talk about it and to an or ganization, exper ience going to allow differ ent per spectives I w ant to do this school w as not one into the classr oom , because w her e teacher s genuinely Im age cour tesy of and I w ant to do that?s w hen students r eally Gr ant Loveless that. I w as alw ays car ed about each student lear n the best.? the type of equally. per son w ho w anted to help other people. ?I know w hen I attended LBJ, As Br eckenr idge gr ew up in Ther e?s alw ays going to be the teacher s and the hall East Austin, he has fir st-hand som eone in the w or ld that m onitor s didn?t r eally car e exper ience w ith dispar ities tells you you?r e cr azy for w hether or not w e w er e in in the ar ea. w hat you w ant to do, but you class,? Br eckenr idge said. ?So do you?. that?s w hat I m ean w hen I ?M y exper ience as an say low expectations. It?s Afr ican Am er ican W hile pur suing w hat you kind of like ?Ther e goes living in Austin has think w ill change society for 12 so-and-so in the hallw ay been difficult,? the better , Loveless believes again.?It w asn?t ?Hey, can Thought Br eckenr idge that open-m indedness is you go to class ; do you need Bubble said. ?Going essential and that it?s help w ith som ething???

im por tant to fight other s? closed-m indedness w ith open m indedness. ?Having an open m ind is the num ber one thing to succeed for the m ajor ity of places and because social m edia has such a big im pact on it, you have to be cautious about w hat you say, how you act,? Loveless said. ?Resilience, patience, and open m indedness ar e r eally the m ost im por tant things in or der to be the best you can be and to com bat r acism .? Jar ed Br eckenr idge has alw ays been an advocate for equality in schools and he m ade it the foundation of his cam paign for the AISD school boar d election in 2020 w her e he w as the youngest candidate r unning. He involved students in his cam paign and is also an active suppor ter of ?No Place for Hate,? a m ovem ent to pr om ote safety and Jar ed inclusiveness in schools. ?M y m essage to you all as students is to don?t be intim idated,? Br eckenr idge Jar ed Br eckenr idge speaks about equity in schools. Im age said. ?If you see som ething cour tesy of Jar ed Br eckenr idge. that?s not r ight, you go out ther e and you m ake it r ight. Age is nothing but a num ber , let?s get in the r ing and do it together.?

Thought Bubble

LiLi's ASF Ther e is obviously no easy solution to r acism , but as m or e and m or e people educate them selves and becom e aw ar e of r acial dispar ities in our society, w e ar e closer to equality. 16 15 Thought Bubble

The The Rise Rise of of Diverse Diverse Books Books The # OwnVoices movement in publishing.

By Susannah Smith

eeing your self r epr esented in the m edia m atter s. Accor ding to PBS, som e students think that not seeing them selves r epr esented in the m edia can affect their m ental health. In the past five to ten year s, gr oups such as We Need Diver se Books have for m ed to pr om ote and celebr ate diver sity in childr ens and young adult liter atur e. Because of that, ther e has been a r ise in the dem and for books, m ovies, and TV show s, that not only r epr esent differ ent identities, but that w er e w r itten or cr eated by people w ho identify w ith those identities. Fr om the desir e for this type of content stem m ed #Ow nVoices.

by author Cor inne Duyvis in Septem ber 2015 to pr om ote r eading diver se books w r itten by diver se author s. Since then, it has gained tr action and becom e a com m on ter m used to

com m unity w r ote a book about a char acter w ho is also a par t of the LGBT+ com m unity.

David Bow les is a M exican-Am er ican author w ho has w r itten m any books for kids and young adults star r ing M exican-Am er ican During that time, I learned char acter s. He has a lot about how to get w r itten such books as; reluctant students excited They Call M e GĂźero, and the Garza Twins about literature ... especially series. He has also through the use of books that spoken extensively appeal to their interests and about #Ow nVoices center their identity." books and their im pact -David Bowles, Author on young r eader s.

The Ow nVoices hashtag has gained popular ity in the past five year s in the 16 book publishing com m unity. It Thought w as cr eated Bubble

identify these types of diver se books. An exam ple of a scenar io w her e a book w ould be consider ed #Ow nVoices is if a Black author w ith a disability w r ote a book about a Black char acter w ith the sam e disability, or if an author w ho is a par t of the LGBT+

?I lear ned a lot about how to get r eluctant students excited about liter atur e ... especially thr ough the use of books that appeal to their inter ests and center their identity,? Bow les said. ?Because I m ainly w or ked w ith kids w ho w er e M exican Am er ican like m e, I star ted r etelling stor ies I'd gr ow n up w ith, that they also knew , and that w as w hat helped m e

17 Thought Bubble

get my star t.?

people to the stor ies of other s.

exposur e to inclusive liter atur e, especially #Ow nVoices books that accur ately r eflect our diver se society.?

M ichelle Halket, head editor and ow ner of Centr al Avenue ?Young people tend to be Publishing, said it is m or e open to r eading fr om im por tant to br ing m or e differ ent backgr ounds.? diver sity to books thr ough Due to the r ise in the poetr y and fiction novels. popular ity of the Accor ding to the Centr al #Ow nVoices and of Avenue Publishing #Ow nVoices books, som e w ebsite, their m ission We get tons of reviews publisher s have gotten is to publish books and messages of people saying som e cr iticism because of that exem plify how much the books have helped the lack of diver sity in hum anity at its best them discover their sexuality, or the lists of books they?r e and its w or st. connect on topics of mental r eleasing.

?It?s alw ays aw esom e w hen [diver se] books sell a lot, w hether they?r e #Ow nVoices or not, because it show s that people w ant to r ead fr om differ ent stor ies,? Halket said. ?Sincerely is a book that is selling r eally w ell r ight now , and it?s w r itten by a M uslim m an. The fact that it?s selling so w ell show s that people w ant to r ead fr om differ ent per spectives.? Both Bow les and Halket believe that it is im por tant for kids and teens to r ead books about people w ith identities differ ent fr om their ow n, especially if the books ar e #Ow nVoices. They both believe this 18 is tr ue because it helps open up Thought the eyes of Bubble young

health, and seeing new experiences,? -Michelle Halket, Editor

Halket said. ?I think that as w e get older , w e get alm ost stuck in our ow n w ays, so being open to differ ent stor ies younger is im por tant.? ?#Ow nVoices books have an added r ichness because the author shar es an identity w ith the char acter , deeply under standing of the intr icacies, the joys, difficulties, pr ide, fr ustr ation, and ever y other possible facet of that par ticular life? because the author has actually lived it,? Bow les said. ?Fur ther m or e, r esear ch show s that both childr en of color and w hite childr en benefit fr om gr eater

?It?s not my com pany's m andate, it is a high pr ior ity at Centr al Avenue, but it?s not the pr im ar y focus,? Halket said talking about publishing people of color (POC) and LGBT+ w r itten books, ?Ther e ar e lots of publisher s w her e that is the pr im ar y focus, but not her e.? Despite the long w ay that publishing has com e, both Bow les and Halket have said that ther e is still a long w ay to go befor e publishing is tr uly inclusive. They have both said that inter sectionality is im por tant for young r eader s. ?We need to see m or e inter sectionality.? Bow les said, w hen talking about w ays that publishing can still im pr ove, ?Publisher s think

they've done they'r e job by publishing a Black author , for exam ple, but ther e ar e m ultiple w ays of being Black, including being a Black per son w ho is also queer or disabled, etc.?

and the r ecognition of author s of color , r eader s could still be seeing even m or e books that ar e #Ow nVoices than w e cur r ently ar e. ?It's a slight uptick,? Bow les said. ?M uch m or e needs to be

Although despite the m any positives, ther e ar e still som e negative effects that #Ow nVoices can have on author s, especially since the r ise in popular ity of the hashtag. Ther e has been one instance w her e an author w as for ced to out her self as a par t of the LGBT+ com m unity due to backlash because she w asn?t w r iting a #Ow nVoices novel. ?We have a nonbinar y poet w ho w ill occasionally be m isgender ed on accident, but ever yone is ver y kind about it, and they r ecognize that it is an accident,? Halket said. ?Although, som e people do leave r ude r eview s for som e books that have an LGBT+ author , but those get taken dow n.? Accor ding to Halket, r eview er s of books should tr ash the book, and not the author. Even w ith the long-lasting popular ity of #Ow nVoices,

pr oblem s w ith people using the #Ow nVoices for their books, w hen r eally, they ar en't. Accor ding to David Bow les, ther e w as once a w hite w om an w ho attem pted to claim that her book w as

#Ow nVoices for r ed-heads. Despite som e of the negative attr ibutes of publishing, accor ding to M ichelle Halket, m or e diver se books ar e being published than in pr evious year s. Kids and teens ar e w anting to r ead these books m or e than they did befor e now , and it?s also easier for people of color , and people in the LGBT+com m unity to get published.

?We get tons of r eview s and m essages fr om people saying how m uch the books have helped them discover their sexuality, or connect on topics of m ental health, and seeing new The Sm oking M ir r or is a #Ow nVoices book about tw o young boys w ho have to exper iences,? Halket said. go to the under w or ld. Cour tesy of IFWG Publishing Inter national.

done. Ther e's been an incr ease in books about people fr om com m unities of color , but a lot of that is because w hite w r iter s have changed their pr otagonists' identity to get on the bandw agon.?

19 Thought Bubble

Ther e ar e also other

Cour tesy of Putnam Books

Cour tesy of Little, Br ow n Books

Fr ank Lee is a Kor ean-Am er ican boy str uggling to fit in. He has to fake-date his fr iend Joy to appease his Kor ean par ents, w hen 20 his r eal cr ush is w hite. Thought Bubble

M uslim m ain char acter

After a ter r ible br eakup, M illie m akes her w ay to Scotland to attend a pr estigious boar ding school. Ther e she ends up r oom ing w ith Flor a; the stuck up pr incess of Scotland.

Kor ean m ain char acter

Sim on Snow is the w or st chosen one ever. W hen his ar chenemy Baz goes m issing, Sim on questions their r elationship. Car r y On is a queer m oder n Har r y Potter.

In the near -futur e United States, Layla Am in and her M uslim fam ily ar e for ced into a M uslim inter nm ent cam p. W ith the help of her new fr iends and her boyfr iend, Layla begins a fight for fr eedom .

POC m ain char acter

Cour tesy of Har per Teen

Em oni is a teen m om w ith a passion for cooking., w ho w hen offer ed a position of a field tr ip to Spain, has to figur e out how she is going to pay for it. Cour tesy of Har per Teen

POC and queer m ain char acter s

Cour tesy of Putnam Books

M ale/M ale r elationship

Cour tesy of St. M ar tin's Pr ess

Fem ale/Fem ale r elationship

Diverse Book Recommendations

W hen new s stations star t r epor ting that Ear th has been contacted by aliens, ther e ar e r um or s that Ear th w ill be abolished in seven days. We follow Jesse, Cate, and Adeem dur ing the Ear th's final 7 days.

These books ar e books that featur e POC char acter s, or char acter s that ar e apar t of the LGBT+ com m unity. Cour tesy of Har per Teen

Yahair a and Cam ino ar e half-sister s w ho live half-w ay acr oss the w or ld fr om each other. In fact, they don't even know the other exists. W hen their Dad dies, they unite for the funer al. Cour tesy of Sim on Pulse

Gr ace, Rosina, and Er in all live in a tiny tow n w her e they lear n that Lucy M oynihan a for m er r esident of the tow n w as r un out after accusing a popular guy of r ape. The gir ls decide to then advocate of justice for Lucy.

Cour tesy of Har per Teen

Pony has r ecently m oved to a new tow n in Texas, and he just w ants to be nor m al at school, but he has a secr et; he's tr ansgender. Geor gia is per fectly nor m al, she's a cheer leader , and she has a cr ush on a boy. Cour tesy of Delacor te Pr ess

The Tox is a deadly disease that has infected the gir ls at the Raxter School for Gir ls. W hen Byatt goes m issing, Hetty is deter m ined to find her.

Cour tesy of Balzar and Br ay

All Br i w ants is to be a gr eat r apper. Her Dad w as an under gr ound r apper w ho died befor e he m ade his big br eak, and now that her m om has lost her job, her fam ily faces eviction. Now her only option is to m ake it big. Cour tesy of Fir st Second

A sci-fi gr aphic novel told in dual tim elines about a w om an joining a cr ew to r epair br oken str uctur es in space, and tw o teens gir ls in boar ding school falling in love.

Thought Bubble

Population Without Representation Are Asian actors getting enough representation on screen?

Accor ding to the UCLA Hollyw ood Diver sity Repor t, 61.9% of top film r oles in 2018 w er e given to w hite people, and 4.8% w er e given to Asians. A study done by Pew Resear ch Center says that ther e ar e over 20 m illion Asian Am er icans. This m eans that Asian people m ake up about 6.5% of the population in the United States, yet ar e 22 only getting 4.8% Thought of top film Bubble r oles.

M any Asians w ho ar e cast in m ovies have ver y ster eotypical r oles, accor ding Dr. Tian Li, a lectur er of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at Har var d ?One of the

pr oblem s of ... these

the Asian com m unity, ? You know , like hum an beings can be ver y com plex. Pr oducing the ster eotypes m eans that you ar e over sim plifying or flattening the char acter s in those kinds of film s.?

any people m ight know about m ovies like Parasite, or Crazy Rich Asians because they had all-Asian casts, and in Parasite?s case becam e the fir st for eign m ovie to w in Best Pictur e at the Oscar s. Despite attem pts to diver sify film s, Asians and m any other m inor ities ar e still under -r epr esented in film .

By Malvika Pradhan

A patronizing perception of the Asian community.?

- Professor Tian Li

one-dim ensional char acter s in Hollyw ood film s played by Asian actor s is pr oducing the ster eotype,? Li said. ?Pr oducing the ster eotype links to the or ientalist thinking of Asia, w hat w e call Or ientalism , w hich is coined by Edw ar d Said, the Or ientalist thinking of Asia m eans that it?s an im aginar y gener alization of Asian cultur e, it?s patr onizing the per ception of

Yunfei Shang, a film gr aduate student at the Univer sity of Texas at Austin agr eed that a m ajor ity of Hollyw ood film s featur e w hite casts.

?I think that?s kind of the elephant in the r oom , that it?s still a w hite dom inant society, but I think it?s better than none, r ight?? Shang said, ?Now w e have Crazy Rich Asians, although I think the r eview s ar en?t that good especially fr om Asians. W hen Asian people w atch it, w hen I say Asian I don?t m ean Am er ican bor n Chinese, ABC or ABK,

Crazy Rich Asians, Parasite, and M ulan, ar e thr ee exam ples of film s that have alm ost all-Asian casts, but each has its ow n pr oblem s. Photos cour tesy of War ner Br os, Bar unson E&A and Walt Disney Featur e Anim ation

Am er ican bor n Kor ean or that type of people I m ean the people w ho gr ow up in Asia, I think the r eview w as not ver y good in Asian countr ies. But I do think w e have alr eady put our hand on the topic and it w ill get better. It?s better than ignor ing it.?

Associate Pr ofessor at Univer sity of Texas at Austin, Dr. Kir sten Cather , thinks that it is im por tant for people to see diver se r oles in film s. ?Isn't it im por tant to see your self r epr esented, if you just see your self once in one kind of r ole, again, and

again, again. If ther e's only one kind of r ole, it's...pr obably a negative ster eotype,? Cather said. ?It could be a positive ster eotype, m aybe it's the har d w or king Asian, you know , that kind of thing. But how is that helpful for individuals w ho ar e tr ying to see them selves on scr een in var ious guises and w e'r e all ver y com plex individuals. We don't w ant to be typecast? .So I w ant to see myself r eflected in the w ay I think of myself w hich is not one single thing.?

Crazy Rich Asians Crazy Rich Asians w as

r eleased in 2018 and has now m ade 238. 5 m illion dollar s in the box office. It is one of the only Hollyw ood m ovies w ith an all-Asian cast. The m ovie has had m ixed r eview s, w ith som e saying it w as an im por tant film because of the r epr esentation it pr ovided for Asians but the plot w as too pr edictable and clichĂŠ. The film is based on a book by Kevin Kw an, and the m ovie is set m ostly in Singapor e. ?I do see som e changes in the r ecent decade, 23 but you w atched [Crazy Rich Thought Bubble Asians]

Cather has a sim ilar opinion, but says ther e is a pr oblem w ith placing the bur den of r epr esenting a w hole cultur e on one film . ?Anyone w ho is a m inor ity often gets to be the per son w ho has to show that cultur e,? Cather said. ?And then they have to do it r ight. And it's 24 totalizing. And to m e, that's just a Thought Bubble false

expectation. Any one individual or any one self? And m aybe the hopes and expectations for som ething like Cr azy Rich Asians w er e so high because it's the one film w e can think of that has an all-Asian cast.?

Parasite

satur ated Kor ean m edia envir onm ent her e in the 70s and 80s,? Shang said. ?I think w e can see fr om the stor y, although like I said, it?s Kor ean film but the issue that he tackles is a shar ed pr oblem betw een the Wester n and Easter n society, w hich is the differ ence betw een the poor and the w ealthy people, and it is a shar ed social pr oblem .?

Another popular m ovie w ith an all-Asian cast is Parasite. Parasite is a for eign film , it Li agr ees, she thinks the film w as m ade in South Kor ea, w as able to show global and but it m ade histor y w hen it local issues at the sam e becam e the fir st tim e, w hich m ade for eign film it inter esting to to w in ?Best both global Pictur e? and local at the audiences. We still need to ask the Oscar s in question of how we can tell ?You see 2019. a better story that these

r ight, one of the pr oblem s of that kind of film , of cour se I have to adm it that it?s ver y im por tant to have that r epr esentation of Asians in this film , w hich is good? We need to r espect another cultur e,? Li said. ?But still the pr oblem that linger s to m e about that kind of film is that it tells the stor y of m aybe the top 0.001 per cent of society, r ight? It?s not a film about the gener al public and the com m oner s, the com m on people, like som ething that w e all exper ience like w e can see in Parasite. It?s good, yes, to have that kind of r epr esentation, finally, w ith all the Asian casting, w ith Asians playing Asians? Now w e have that r epr esentation, and w hat w e should ask is how can w e m ake that a better stor y that facilitates our m utual under standing.?

Shang

facilitates our mutual understanding" - Professor Tian Li

believes the film did w ell because it w as able to find com m on str uggles betw een Wester n and Easter n societies.

?I can?t say for other audiences, but for m e, I thought it w as ver y pr edictable w hen I saw Bong Joon-Ho [the dir ector of Parasite] get the pr ize because he him self has gr ow n in the Hollyw ood

fantasm agor ic r ealities in Parasite in the docility and the loyalty in the bar e lives to the capitalists, and the class solidification and social dispar ities,? Li said, ?It?s som ething that not only Kor eans exper ience, that?s w hy the film w as successful.? Cather thinks the m ovie w as successful because it intr oduced Am er ican

audiences to a new type of film . ?Par asite r eally gave all this exposur e to Kor ean film s to Asian film s in gener al, to a differ ent aesthetic,? Cather said.

M ulan Lastly, the Disney live action r em ake of the 1998 car toon, M ulan. This film is per haps the m ost contr over sial because som e scenes in the film w er e also film ed in the Xinjiang pr ovince in China, w her e m inor ity Uighur m uslim s ar e being held, and the lead actr ess has spoken in suppor t of police in the pr o-dem ocr acy pr otests in Hong Kong in 2019. Despite the

contr over sies, Shang thinks the m ovie w as a w ay for Disney to test out the Chinese film m ar ket. ?Because the r eview s w er e so bad, I didn?t actually see it.? Shang said, ?I think it is a br ibe gestur e fr om Hollyw ood to the? Chinese film m ar ket, because

accor ding to the China box office, it is near ly over taking the Am er ican film m ar ket to becom e the biggest film m ar ket in the w or ld. I think M ulan m ay be a testing gestur e to w hat the Chinese film m ar ket r eally is, how big it r eally is, that is w hat I think m aybe the str ategy and calculation behind pr oducing M ulan.? As a w hole, m inor ities ar e under r epr esented in film . The UCLA Hollyw ood Diver sity Repor t cites that 4.9% of top film r oles ar e given to Latinx actor s, w hen ar ound 16% of the United States population is Latinx. Cather thinks ther e ar e m any w ays to fix this issue of

as you say, ?Oh, w ell, w e need m or e Asian char acter s, m or e Asian r oles, w e need m or e.?But actually, I'm not sur e that's the solution. Because that just cr eates another ver sion of identity politics.? Cather suggests that w r iter s don?t assign r aces to char acter s w hen they ar e cr eated, so if the book gets m ade into a film adaptation the casting dir ector s ar e fr ee to cast the m ost talented actor s, r egar dless of their r ace. Cather also thinks ther e is another w ay that casting dir ector s can encour age diver se casts. ?I also think ther e's a w ay, like a subver sive w ay of casting, r ight, you can have, like, look at Ham ilton, r ight?? Cather said. ?So you can kind of like to play ver y deliber ately and play w ith people's expectations of w hat they think of their r aces.?

under -r epr esentation. ?I hear d a podcast about this a w hile ago, and they w er e just talking about color blind casting and color blind w r iter s, and the need for w r iter s to not alw ays scr ipt,? Cather said. ?So like the one answ er you m ight go to r ight fr om that,

25 Thought Bubble

M eaningf ul M ovies with Asian casts In gener al m inor ities ar e significantly under r epr esented in Hollyw ood. M ost casts ar e over w helm ingly w hite. As of 2017, ar ound 20 m illion people w ho live in the US tr ace their her itage back to an Asian countr y (Pew Resear ch Center ), but in 2018 only 2 of the top 100 best m ovies in Hollyw ood featur ed Asian lead, and as a w hole only 5% of scr een tim e is given to Asians. Like other m inor ities Asians ar e consistently given r oles that show them to be one-dim ensional. ster eotypical r oles. They ar e m ainly cast for com edic r elief or to be the sidekick to a w hite char acter. These issues can be tr aced back to "per petual for eigner syndr om e" w her e Am er icans w ho look not w hite ar e consider ed for eign even though they m ight have lived in the US their w hole lives. Her e's a tim eline of som e of the m or e w ell-know n m ovies that featur ed Asians in lead r oles.

1993- Th e Joy L u ck Cl u b

1998- M u l an

The Joy Luck Club star ted as a novel, detailing the intr icate r elationships betw een m other s and their daughter s, specifically im m igr ant m other s. After the book w as a hit, a m ovie w as m ade and it w as one of the fir st m ovies fr om Hollyw ood that featur ed an alm ost all Asian cast, including the lead r oles. 26

The stor y of M ulan star ted as an ancient Chinese poem in w hich Hua M ulan pr etends to be a m an in or der to save her elder ly father fr om having to ser ve in the ar my. Disney adopted the stor y and m ade a film , featur ing the fir st East Asian "Disney Pr incess". After M ulan, it w ould be a long tim e befor e theater s saw another Asian lead.

Thought Bubble

2018- Cr azy Ri ch Asi an s

25 year s after the fir st live action m ovie w ith an all Asian cast, Crazy Rich Asians (or iginally a book) w as r eleased. How ever , this tim e the stor y w as dr astically differ ent and focused on the lives of the Ăźber r ich in Singapor e. Sur pr isingly, even though the char acter s in the book ar e Asian, one of the potential pr oducer s w anted to cast a w hite w om an in the lead r ole.

2019- Par asi t e Soon after ,this South Kor ean thr iller w on 4 Oscar s in 2019 and becam e the fir st for eign film to w in the Oscar for the "Best Pictur e", a m uch coveted title. It is also the four th highest gr ossing for eign film in Am er ica. Since the film w as m ade in South Kor ea, the cast is all Asian, along w ith the dir ector and scr eenw r iter.

2020- M u l an Rem ak e Sour ces "We Can?t Talk About ?Cr azy Rich Asians?W ithout Talking About ?The Joy Luck Club.?? Repeller, 2020. Web. 17 October 2020. Ho, Kar en. ?Crazy Rich Asians Is Going to Change Hollyw ood. It?s About Tim e.?Time, 2020. Web. 17 October 2020. Chen, Br ian. ??M ulan?1998: A M om ent of Joy and Anxiety for Asian-Am er ican View er s.?The New York Times, 2020. Web. 17 October 2020. Buchanan, Kyle. ?In a Post-?Par asite?Wor ld, W hat Happens Next?.?The New York Times, 2020. Web. 17 October 2020. Faughnder , Ryan and Alice Su. ?How Disney?s ?M ulan? becam e one of 2020?s m ost contr over sial m ovies.?Los Angeles Times, 2020. Web. 17 October 2020.

M ulan is one of m any Disney live-action r em akes, how ever it is per haps the m ost contr over sial. Sever al people did not like the film for a num ber of r easons, one being that M ushu, one of the m ain char acter s, w as om itted. Ther e has also been contr over sy sur r ounding the lead actr ess w ho took the side of police in the pr o-dem ocr acy pr otests in Hong Kong. Other s com plained the film m issed the m ain point of the stor y. In the or iginal ancient poem of Hua M ulan she fights back at the cr uel gover nm ent to save her fam ily, how ever in 27 the live action she is show n to be focusing m or e on helping her countr y Thought r ather than her fam ily. Bubble

A Thousand Words on Pictures A closer look at the impacts of photography By Sabrine Petusky

pictur e is w or th a thousand w or ds. This is a saying alm ost ever yone know s, and it is no exagger ation.

Photogr aphy affects the w ay people view things. Under standing our susceptibility to im ages is im por tant because it helps us under stand how im ages in new s, books, m agazines and film s im pact our opinions. Gover nm ents know this, and this is w hy they engage in

pr opaganda.

Accor ding to the National Ar chives, dur ing Wor ld War II, ?Poster s and film s w aged a constant battle for the hear ts and m inds of the Am er ican citizenr y just as sur ely as m ilitar y w eapons engaged the enemy.?

The anti-w ar m ovem ent in Vietnam w as fueled by painful im ages of w ar tim e that m ade the public view the w ar as cr uel r ather than as a noble exer cise in pr otecting people in Vietnam . Photogr apher Eddie Adam s' photogr aph of a gener al shooting a sm all Vietnam ese suspect in the A child br ide star es at the cam er a over the shoulder of head becam e her father. Cour tesy of Stephanie Sinclair

one of the m ost influential and ?distur bing? pictur es in Am er ican w ar tim e m edia cover age of the w ar. It is cr edited w ith str engthening the anti-w ar m ovem ent nationw ide.

Photogr aphs also ser ve to educate us about im por tant issues w e m ay other w ise not pay attention to or com pr ehend. For exam ple clim ate change science can be com plicated to under stand, but w hen a view er or r eader consum es an im age of a star ving polar bear w ho cannot find food because the iceber gs ar e m elting, an under standing of the science is unnecessar y. They have now seen the im pact w ith their ow n eyes and ar e m oved by it.

If all this is tr ue, photojour nalists have the ability to exer cise gr eat influence on us.

Under standing how they ?Jour nalism is supposed to be w or k, their ethics and ?objective?but on the Other s see the ethics of w hat dr ives them to other hand w e photojour nalism m or e do their job w ill ar e str ictly as one of w itness, not help us w itnesses, Journalism is inter pr eter. Dylan under stand and as supposed to be ?objective? Hollingsw or th an aw ar d the pow er par t of w inning photojour nalist and but on the other hand we are they photogr apher , said, ?[the r ole witnesses, and as part of w ield, of a jour nalist is] show ing bearing witness to something, and tr ust w hat exists in the m ost fair we also have to share truth, the w hat w ay possible. [We have] less truth as we see it." they ar e latitude to inject opinion bear ing show ing. -Stephanie Sinclair, [than str ict photogr apher s].? w itness photographer Stephanie to Sinclair , an som ething, ?I?ve cover ed a lot of the aw ar d-w inning w e also have pr otests over the past few photojour nalist, to shar e tr uth, the m onths, and for things like found a car eer in tr uth as w e see it,? Sinclair that, I stand back and cover photogr aphy because she?d said. ?If som ething hur ts us the event and then I look for alw ays been passionate as w e?r e w atching it and the im ages that show w hat it about jour nalism . photogr aphing it, it?s okay for w as like to be ther e,? that to com e out, for that to Hollingsw or th said. ?A lot of som ehow com e thr ough. If ?As I got older I r ealized that tim es, I am tr ying to show som ething br ings us joy out of all the differ ent w ays the event thr ough the eyes of w hen w e? r e looking at it, to tell a stor y, it w as easiest and w hen w e?r e for m e to shar e my thoughts w itnessing or m ost accur ately thr ough docum enting it, it?s okay photogr aphs,? Sinclair said. for that to com e out. For m e, you can be objective in your jour nalism Photogr aphs w ill sw ay the shar ing both sides of r eader ?s em otions, and the som ething but you can photojour nalist has a still allow the w ay that r esponsibility to be an you exper ience objective tr uth-teller. A m an stands in fr ont destr oyed houses. som ething and w itness Cour tesy of Dylan Hollingsw or th Balancing the em otion of it to have that depth of w hat a photogr apher is som eone else. ? Stor yteller s em otion attached to it. ? I seeing and the br oader and photogr apher s, w ould say that I w ant infor m ation they ar e char ged anyone going out into som eone to not only see w hat w ith conveying is a difficult the w or ld, captur ing 29 it looks like to be in that task, but Sinclair had som e an event and situation, but also feel w hat it w isdom on this subject. Thought r elaying it to Bubble feels like to be in that an situation.?

audience, have a lot of r esponsibility on their shoulder s. Ther e is so m uch biased and slanted new s in the w or ld, so photogr apher s w ho ar e r eally w illing to uphold their jour nalistic ethics ar e ver y im por tant. We need m or e people w illing to tr ansm it tr uth r ight now , and put aside their ow n agendas.?

society has censor ed w hat w e can see of w hat has happened thr ough COVID-19 has been par t of the r eason that the vir us hasn't stopped,? Sinclair said. ?People haven't been m otivated enough to stop it. If w e had seen m or e stor ies about w hat is happening to lives, r eal in-depth stor ies about w hat is happening w ith the economy and how that's im pacted people, if Am er ican view er s expect to you'd seen m or e stor ies see objective new s about these cover age, that is fam ilies Just specific to the having like with any art, Am er ican to say such as music or painting society. The or even writing, your best kinds of work will come out when you're im ages channeling your emotions. You let that the way you feel and the way the r eader s situation lets you feel, the way the expect to situation impacts you, you allow see in that to come across in your their

photographs. Because people respond to that."

m ainstr eam m edia is also - Stephanie Sinclair, specific to a goodbye photographer society. Som e to their societies expect to see loved ones in r aw , uncensor ed im ages, and this ter r ible w ay over and other s do not. The im ages over and over , if that w as on Am er ican new s m edia have the cover of our new spaper s selected dur ing their ever y day instead of just cover age of COVID-19, politics, politics, politics, this accor ding to Sinclair , has w ould be over befor e now. not been bold or r ealistic Ther e w ould be m uch m or e enough. outr age than w hat w e?r e 30 seeing. But, a lot of the Thought hospitals ar e not giving Bubble ?The w ay access to people, the m edia is that our choosing to just do obituar ies

instead of show ing w hat this is like. And I think that is a m istake.?

The shooting of M alala Yousafzai is an exam ple of a cur r ent event w ith an opposite m edia appr oach. M alala?s docum entar y and book helped to spr ead infor m ation about her after she w as alr eady know n as an outspoken young gir l, cr itical of the Taliban influence in her countr y. ?Seeing that she w as a young gir l w as cer tainly helpful, I think if w e had just hear d about her it w ouldn?t have been as im pactful,? Sinclair said. ?Seeing the new s stor y w hen she w as shot w as r eally jar r ing because it w as this gir l. I think that photogr aphy played a r ole. Seeing this face of a sm iling gir l, cer tainly m oves people, and then seeing her in the hospital w as ver y m oving in a differ ent w ay.? Sinclair said, ?Just like w ith any ar t, such as m usic or painting or even w r iting, your best w or k w ill com e out w hen you'r e channeling your em otions. You let the w ay you feel and the w ay the situation lets you feel, the w ay the situation im pacts you, you allow that to com e acr oss in your photogr aphs. Because people r espond to that.?

Above: People at a Black Lives M atter pr otest, one of w hich is standing in the center and holding a sign. Cour tesy of Dylan Hollingsw or th Below : A w heelchair sitting at the end of an em pty hopital hallw ay. Cour tesy of Stephanie Sinclair

Game Bubble l

Acr oss:

Dow n:

1 - deliber ately false infor m ation

1 - things pr oven to be tr ue

2 - pr esents the new s 3 - pr ejudice in favor of or against

2 - piece of w r iting in a new spaper or m agazine

4 - influenced by opinions

3 - an untr uth

5 - not influenced by opinions; pur ely factual 4 - view or judgm ent on som ething

32 Thought Bubble

The media has many hidden details. How good are you at f inding the hidden words below?

Photogr aphy Par asite Hollyw ood M edia Diver sity Film Jaw s Ow nVoices BLM M inor ity Adver tising

33 Thought Bubble

Did Y ou Find all the L ight Bulbs? Thr oughout this edition of Thought Bubble, w e hid 8 little light bulb gr aphics. Ther e is at least one light bulb in each ar ticle thr oughout the m agazine.

This is w hat the light bulbs look like. They'r e hidden all thr oughout this m agazine, so look closely to find all eight.

34 Thought Bubble Page design by Susannah Sm ith

On the page after our special thanks, ther e w ill be an answ er key. Now is the tim e to go back thr ough the m agazine to find all eight light bulbs befor e you get spoiled fr om the answ er key.

Special Thanks to: We ar e r eally thankful to ever yone w ho m ade this m agazine possible. Fr om the people w e inter view ed, to our teacher , so m any people helped us cr eate to this m agazine, and w e ar e incr edibly gr ateful. W ithout the help of out lovely inter view ees these stor ies and this m agazine w ould never have succeeded.

David Bowles Jared Breckenridge Kirsten Cather Kevin Garcia Michelle Halket Dylan Hollingsworth Tian Li Grant Loveless

Cr ossw or d puzzle answ er s

Jillian Morris Jennifer Schmidt Yunfei Shang 35

Stephanie Sinclair Page design by M alvika Pr adhan

Thought Bubble

Answer K ey Now that you've finished r eading Thought Bubble her e ar e the answ er s to w her e all of the light bulbs ar e in the m agazine!

The fir st one w as r ight on the fir st page of the m agazine!

The next one w as on the M eaningful M ovies page

The next one w as on the Diver se Recom m endations page.

The next light bulb w as on the Gam e Bubble page, just above this one.

The final light bulb w as hidden in plain sight. It w as on the page w er e w e told our r eader s about the challenge. It w as r ight ther e. 36 Thought Bubble

How m any light bulbs did you m anage to find? Did you find all eight?

Page design by Susannah Sm ith Inside back cover by Susannah Sm ith Back cover by M alvika Pr adhan

The next one w as on the Race to End Racism page

The next one w as on the back cover of the m agazine m agazine!