UP
AWAY
Flying to new heights
Flights of Fantasy
Flying In the Fast lane
Spaced Out
See the future of airtravel
Learn about the life of a pilot in training
The Truth about airport security
Learn about our newest missions in space
Photo courtesy of NASA-National
The Dream Team Mordecai Mellon-Werch is an upright member of society who enjoys marching in his school marching band with his friends. When asked about marching band he said “I wombo, you wombo, he\she\we wumbo” when asked to explain this quote he said “this is first grade”. His other habits include pwning noobs in his favorite game DOTA 2 and having mad skills at pokemon.
Luke Mueller-Oden is a lacross ninja, and a proud member of the PC master race. He has one dog named Boudreaux, and loves smashing the iron-hard mace of reality into the fragile dreams of his once innocent peers; shattering them like glass. Luke doesn’t know what he wants to be when he grows up, but he knows this: The world is his oyster, and he’s going to crack it wide open.
Angelo Sole is the “bee’s knees”. He enjoys being active by playing tennis, and loves crossfit. In his downtime Angelo enjoys sedentary activities such as healthy eating and playing various video games. Angelo is single, enjoys the company of females and is not afraid to flamingle. Angelo is an avid reader of philosophy, and his favorite philosopher is Greg Glassman. His favorite quote is “crossfit starts at home and ends on Facebook.” Nishanth Kalavakolnau is a fun loving “Cool Dude”, who loves to play video games and listen to music. NIshanth hopes to become a successful entrepreneur in the future. He enjoys the company of his friends and family. When asked how much swagger Nishanth has, he replied “More than 11.”
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Table Of Contents 04 Letter From the Editors 06 On the Horizon 07 What’s New In Airplane
Design
10 Plane Crashes: How Likely Are They
11 Forces to be Reckoned With 12 Flying in the Fast Lane 14 Flying to New Hieghts 18 The Final Frontier 19 The Hazards of Space Travel 20 Spaced Out 3
Letter From the Editor
Dear Reader
Thank you for taking the time to read this. Up And Away is an exploration above the clouds, and beyond the Milky Way. The power of flight is the forefront of the technological scene, and we want to give you a look into the future of flight and space travel. We have tried to make this magazine as interesting as possible for you by finding new and relevant issues, gadgets, and stories for your entertainment. Thanks for reading, and we hope you enjoy this magazine. -Mordecai, Luke, Angelo, and Nishanth 4
Theta Airlines When in Greece
On The Horizon
Flight, and air travel have rapidly become a larger part of our modern lives. With this large demand for aviated vehicles, engineers, and scientists are conforming to the public’s needs. They are coming out with new technologies for aviated vehicles every day. Most engineers are looking towards what the future of aviated technology will be. Some examples of what we can see to come are:
By: Angelo Sole
Bionic Structures: Stronger, and lighter Material, much to that of the bones in birds, is being used to create aircrafts. By doing this the fuel burn is decreased and the space inside the aircraft is increased, creating a safer, more efficient flight.
Biopolymer membrane: Cabins will be coated in Biopolymer membrane to regulate light, temperature and humidity. The transparency of this material will also give patrons a 360 view of the skies.
Integrated Neural Network: Using an Integrated Neural Network will Add more interactivity between the passenger and the cabins electrical system, by adding recognition Sources: http://www.ases.org/ technology to each individual passenger.
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http://www.airbus.com http://www.rsc.org
Energy Harvesting: Energy Harvesting, and Solar panels are being put onto planes in order to supply the cabin’s appliances with energy, and use environmentally friendly methods to power these appliances.
Morphing Materials: Many engineers are looking at morphing and, memory adapting materials. It is also expected that artificial intelligence will be added to the point that parts of the plane will be able to adapt to the passengers needs.
Flights Of Fantasy
The new inventions that are changing the face of aviation.
F
By: Luke Mueller-Oden
and many others are working light, it’s fast, it’s easy, to put planes like this in the and it’s safe. The only sky by 2035. But with all preproblems are that fuel dicted project deadlines one is expensive and it is not very must take dates with a grain environmentally friendly. “power ‘s a complex thing and of salt. Especially considering the propensity for engineers to fuel is so expensive.” Flight push back the end of developschool teacher George Ferris ment as challenges arrive. A said more realistic date would be But there are new would be 2040-2050. kinds of planes being deHowever there are other veloped. Planes such as the designs that deserve attention. new Double bubble design. Designs such as the moulded Its innovative structure and wing design which involves components could reduce fuel making the entire plane one consumption by 70%. wing which creates more lift “It’s a plane that has and less drag. This is also a cockpit or passenger space called a on either “flying side like “But new fuselage wing” it a catamahas been ran. There designs are not all of are two what makes innovation something that fuselages, in aviation. There are aircraft like big bubbles, many minor modifica- designers have been with a tions being made to the striving connecting strucaircraft. Such as more for for ture in the GPS and global track- generations. It middle.” ing systems.”-Mueller has been Former prevalent aerospace in military engiaircraft neer Bill since WWII because it reduces Mueller said. It has engines the drag on the aircraft and mounted on the back using increases lift. The plane is also Boundary Layer Ingestion has the ability to carry much (BLI), which is known to decrease the noise and roughness more cargo due to its larger interior space, this means that of flight for passengers. along with the actual fuel sav MIT, NASA, Boeing
An example of a Double Bubble aircraft. Courtesy of National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
ings there are hidden savings due to the fact that less planes would need to be launched. It is about time that this type of plane broke into the commercial sphere. Many assorted manufacturers like Boeing are working on producing this model of aircraft. Boeing predicts that its plane will cause 60% reduction in fuel consumption and 70% lower nitrous oxide emissions. Boeing has already begun development and plans to have it’s plane the STV Demonstrator in the sky by 2019. But new fuselage designs are not all of what makes innovation in aviation. There are many minor modifications being made to the aircraft, such as more GPS and global tracking systems. “Now that airliners are beginning to use GPS one of the big things that they can get out of that is called proportional navigation. This means that you don’t have to go out and follow the routes laid out by the FAA and makes all kinds of turns. you’ll be able to fly more directly between airports thus saving flying
time. There’s already some advantage to using GPS in that they are able to fly airplanes with smalling spacings between plans in both the vertical and horizontal directions.” Former aerospace engineer Bill Mueller said. This is only one of many such innovations that are changing the face of aviation. The world needs more inventions like these in aviation, with the number of planes rising rapidly and emissions with them, technology must cope. But we must not get too excited for new minor systems in aviation just as with fuselage designs. “[There’s] gonna be a whole lot more new airplanes flying around.” Flight school teacher George Ferris said, And the world needs to be ready.
An example of the molded wing aircraft design. Courtesy of National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Most people track the history of flight to the Wright brothers but there have been innovations in flight since people saw birds flying through the sky and wondered. The Wright brothers may have been the inventors of the aeroplane but there have been other modes of flight. Things such as the kite or the inventions of Leonardo da Vinci. Not to mention blimps and zeppelins, here is a timeline about all of the inventions in aviation. Cont. on pg 12
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A’murican airlines The Old A’murican is here
n a c i r A’mu
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Flying in the Face of Danger 1 in 5862 Flights With their emphasis on security, very few airplane flights actually crash.
Just How Dangerous is a Plane Flight?
1 in 5000 Car Rides Deadly car crashes are, in fact, more frequent and more commonplace than plane crashes.
You might think that airplane flights are risky. Think again. Getting in a plane crash is one of the least of your worries compared to other types of transportation, such as motorcycles or even cars. Airplanes are one of the safest methods of transportation around, and the odds of your plane crashing are much lower than the odds other typical accidents - including household accidents like choking on your food.
1 in 4404 People Choking on your food is more dangerous than you’d suspect. This common household accident has a higher death rate than plane crashes.
Fun Fact
Every day, there are over 61,000 people airborne over the United States at a time.
1 in 4147 Mortality Although not as dangerous as a motorcycle, bike accidents are more common than you would expect
1 in 802 chance Motorcycles are notoriously dangerous for their high crash rate. 1 in every 802 motorbike rides end with a fatality. That’s over 4 times the risk of an airplane!
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By Mordecai Mellon-Werch
Sources: http://www.medhelp.org/general-health/articles/The-25-Most-Common-Causes-of-Death/193?page=2, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/how-risky-is-flying.html
Forces To Be Reckoned With By: Nishanth Kalavakolanu
Many people have wondered how a 350-ton behemoth can take flight in the air. Airplanes fly by exploiting four simple forces: lift, weight, thrust and drag.
Drag is the friction caused by the air. Think about when a dog sticks its head out of the car window, the force that is pushing the dog’s tongue back is drag. In order for the airplane to fly the thrust of the plane has to be greater than the drag.
Thrust is the force that propels the plane forward. Thrust is produced by the engine Weight pushes the plane down Lift is the force that keeps the airplane in the air. It is produced by the wing of the airplane. Wings split the air into two streams, one that goes under the wing, and one that goes over the wing. The wing is shaped in such a way that that the airflow over the top of the wing travels faster than the air under the wing. This makes the air pressure over the top of the wing decrease, causing the wing to rise. When the amount of lift produced is greater than the weight of the plane the plane rises up.
Air Molecules
Wing
M (1 m) Sources:: Howstuffworks.com Wikipedia Berkely.edu UMN.edu
Airliner (8 m) 11
Flying in the Fast Lane
How to Get Through Airport Security Without a Hassle
A
By Mordecai Mellon-Werch
irports only have 2 things worth talking about inside them. Planes, and security guards. An average airport will have about the same number of security guards as a parade. Why? Because for some reason, people don’t like the idea of being trapped in a roomful of strangers with no way out but down. “They process, you know, probably around 15,000 outbound passengers a day.” Jim Halbrook, an airport official, said. Not an easy job to handle. And once you’re on the plane, nobody can get off. “It’s kind of dangerous” Says Stephen George, a frequent flyer, “When I first started flying, I was kinda worried.” With all
the security threats, how does the TSA do it? “At US airports, to enter the concourse area, and various airports have different concourse areas, but, to enter the area where you actually board the jets, you have to go through passenger security screening.” Halbrook says. “TSA actually runs the screening. Transportation Security Administration.” “The restrictions range from… you know, no firearms, which has been around since the early 70s, to, you know, some of the things that we’ve seen post September 11, such as no pocket knives, the amount of liquid you can carry on board. The screening process consists of, you know, x-raying carry on items,
The TSA Operates inside of the Department of Homeland Security. Courtesy of the TSA
400 B.C.E Kites are invented in China 12
This TSA official works at the security line, screening passengers for dangerous materials. Courtesy of the TSA
and passengers going through screening machine.” And anybody who goes through this security knows that it takes a long time to go through, with most of it spent waiting in line. “I fly every year usually during the summer break for vacations usually in Europe. Security really depends on the line but once you get to the metal detectors it usually doesn’t take more than a minute or 2 to go through,” Mathew Heighway, a LASA student who often visits Europe with this family, said, “I usually don’t mind.” Lines are a big hold up in the airport, sometimes taking half an hour just to get to the security check. Luckily, the TSA has a new plan for dealing with lines. TSA Pre Check, a program for frequent flyers. “TSA Pre Check, it’s a passenger pre-screening initiative that allows qualified passengers to go through an expedited security process which allows them to keep on their shoes and light outerwear, you know, if you’re wearing like, a light sports coat or something you have to put it
through the X-ray machine; Pre Check will allow you to leave that on. I think it’s the same for laptops, you don’t have to open your laptop or anything like that.” Halbrook said,“This is part of their effort to implement risk based security concepts, which is focusing efforts on what they consider high risk travellers, and expediting the process for, you know, travellers that go through these processes who they deem low risk travellers. It’s basically saying: the blanket one size fits all security process is something we’re moving away from; they’re moving towards more risk based security concepts.” So the TSA Pre Check
“I’m less
rushed and can do anything I want to do before I get on my flight.”
“Security really depends on the line but once you get to the metal detectors it usually doesn’t take more than a minute or 2 to go through,” The TSA Pre Check is a program that allows frequent flyers to go through an expedited security process. It’s part of their initiative to implement a more risk based security screening process. Courtesy of the TSA
is a program that identifies what the TSA calls, “low-risk,” and “high risk,” passengers, and allows the low risk ones to go through a quicker version of security. “It saves me a good 10-15 minutes going through security, which is nice,” George says, “I’m less rushed and can do anything I want to do before I get on my flight.” Bear in mind that this is only for the US. So no Canadian Pre Check. However, a similar program is being rolled out all over the world. New self serve kiosks have been constructed at international airports around the globe, letting people input all of their personal data into the machine, and then take their picture. The kiosk then prints out a piece of paper that you hand to the customs official. “You can go through the kiosk, show your identifica-
tion to it, and move on to the next process of reentering the country,” Halbrook said, “It’s just a matter of when it gets to each airport.” This whole, “high risk” and “low risk” passenger theory seems pretty risky, excuse the pun, but does it work? “I benefit from it a lot,” George said, “I get to leave my shoes on, leave my jacket on, go through a shorter line… It’s great.” Airports have a whole slew of items that you can’t bring through security. “You regularly have passengers bringing things on… that are prohibited, Ok? And that ranges from pocket knives to handguns. Alright? If you bring a pocketknife, you’re going to have the option to either walk it back to your car, and then come back and go through security again, or just give it up right there and
go through security. Most people tend to do that. But, if you’re carrying a handgun; that is… you get arrested. I think it’s a felony.” Halbrook said, “In 2013, 1828 guns were confiscated at airports across the nation. 2012 it was 1525. In 1211 it was 1320, and in 2010 it was 1123. So it’s the third year in a row that there’s been an increase. Top 10 airports are Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Phoenix, Denver, Nashville, Orlando, Fort Water dell, Vegas… and I think we [Austin] ranked about 16, we were in the top 20, Austin, I know that.” Once you get on the plane, there’s really no security measures in place, which is why screening is so intensive. There’s no way to call the police in to a hijacked airplane, so the TSA has to be extra careful not to let anybody dangerous on. “You have all the screening processes in place before you get on the plane. You have Air Marshals that fly along as well, but…” Halbrook said. And they do a very good job of it, considering the difficulty of the task.
“I mean, you can tell that the TSA works really hard to keep the terrorists out, but at the same time, be as courteous as possible.” George said, “after a while, you start to realize that an airport is just about the safest place you can be.” Safety is the TSA’s top priority, but they also want you to
“You can tell
that the TSA works really hard to be as courteous as possible, but at the same time keep the terrorists out.” get to your flight on time. It’s a tough balancing act, but they do their best.
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Leonardo Da Vinci designs the ornithopter- a precursory design to the helicopter
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Flying To New Heights Sophomore seeks pilot’s license.
W
anting to fly is a dream held by many children, but is only achieved by a few people. However with new technology and some determination flying airplanes may not be so difficult after all. Zachary Kosub, a student at LASA has been flying planes in his spare time starting at the age of 10. 16 now Zachary almost has his pilot’s license. “The speed and the complexity really drew me to it,” Kosub said. Flying a plane doesn’t have to be a dream that’s out of reach. With some time and money anybody can fly a plane. Flying a plane is a good hobby because of all the positive benefits that come with flying. Getting a pilot’s license is a long and complicated process. Flying has gotten easier over the years. Being a pilot can be a wonderful experience that can be very rewarding. “The best thing is the sensation of taking off and flying above everyone else, flying through the clouds, and finally the satisfaction of finally putting your airplane back on the ground safely” Kosub said. However flying does have its caveats, and difficulty “The most difficult thing about flying is, much like driving, being able to handle all of the distraction that are constantly present,” Kosub said. Flying also heavily relies on your skill of perceptions “In an airplane you
1799-1850
George Cayley invented a glider with a tail allowing for much more versatile steering
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Story by: Nishanth Kalavakolanu
Zachary Kosub is a sophomore at lASA Photo by Nishanth Kalavakolanu
have to be always aware of the weather, the state of your airplane and engine and fuel, the destination airport and how to get there and what’s in between, going through checklists, checking maps, etc,” Kosub said. In order to enjoy the flying experience a pilot’s license is required. However acquiring a license can be a lot of work. “It requires a huge time and financial commitment,” Kosub said. Even though Zachary has been spending over half a decade working on getting his pilot’s license, he has yet to acquire
one. “It’s a pretty involved process; it involves taking ground school in a classroom and having many hours “behind the wheel,” Additionally there’s a written test and a checkride, which is a[n] in-plane test,” Kosub said. The process of acquiring a pilot’s license can be very hard, but can be very rewarding. “I think all of the work required is part of why I like flying so much,” But even though getting a license is challenging it can be an enjoyable adventure. “My flight school experience has been
1891
Otto Lilienthal designed the first long-distance glider
wonderful so far. The school is full of great experienced instructors who also enjoy flying,” Kosub said While flying planes has been a task that was daunting 30 years ago. With the advent of new technology flying planes is easier than ever. “New iterations of GPS systems and new navigational equipment are constantly coming out,” Kosub said. Before GPS pilots had to rely on the stars and beacons to navigate the skies. Now with GPS, navigation is just looking down at the GPS screen which displays all of the pilots
coordinates in real time. And new planes loaded with more technology are always coming out. “It’s always exciting when a new airplane comes out too,” Zachary says. Flying is always a rewarding experience that has many benefits. If individuals have a fear of being a passenger in an aircraft the best way to get rid of the fear is by piloting one. “I can also name every little squeak and whirr and clunk that happened during the flight, which is always a good conversation starter,” Zachary says. So flying planes can fix the age old problem of the awkward silence of the passenger in the next seat. So if any individual needs to take up a new hobby following the path of Zachary Kosub, and piloting aircraft might be the perfect option. It is possible to acquire a license at any age; flying is a challenging, varied, and rewarding experience. Acquiring a license is an enjoyable experience that teaches pilots many things, and piloting can always lead to high paying jobs in the future. “There’s a pilot shortage and Airlines will be looking to our generation for new pilots!” Kosub said. While the road to being a full fletched pilot might be long and hard “To aspiring pilots I would say to start as young as you can, and put as much time and money as you can into it” Kosub said “because it’s worth it!”
1891
Samuel P. Langley designed the first powered airplane
A Cessna 206 flying. This is the type of plane that Kosub flies Photo courtesy of Arpingstone
Austin Bergstrom Airport; where Kosub goes to flight school Photo courtesy of Austin Bergstrom Airport
“The speed and the complexity and really drew me to it” -Kosub 1905
The Wright brothers first test of the flyer.
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The Final Frontier
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The hazards of space travel Space travel is a promising and innovative, however its is not without its dangers. If you’re planning on going into space you might want to know the dangers associated with traveling in space. Space suit ruptures Without a spacesuit living in space is impossible, which means that space suit ruptures are fatal every time.
Space debris Even the smallest piece of debris can cause fatal damage to a fragile spacecraft, as shown by this photograph.
Cosmic rays
Outside of the earth’s protective ozone layer the radiation is intense. Many astronauts upon returning to earth have had to enter intensive care to deal with their radiation sickness.
Liftoff and re-entry
Many launches have been destroyed before leaving the atmosphere or while re-entering it. All photographs are cited under creative commons or are in the public domain
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Ready for Launch: NASA sends off their shuttle, STS-1, to an earth orbital mission on the 12 of April 1981. Photo courtesy of NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Spaced Out
Aerospace Engineering And The Future Of Space Travel Story by: Angelo Sole
B
efore 1950 people thought is was impossible for a man to go to space. But in 1961 the impossible was achieved and a man was finally sent into space. In the present, space exploration
1907
Breguet-Richet Gyroplane causes the lift off of the first rotor based aircraft
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has been a daily part of life, but the true magic happens before the ship is ever sent into space. “New technologies from the space program are drying up as the program funding dries
1941
up.” Wallace T. Fowler said, a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. Aerospace engineering is what allows us to create aviated vehicles that can travel through space and sky. Aerospace mechanics is the fundamental element in furthering our space exploration. Space is the next frontier that can quench our constant thirst for exploration, and discovery, and can tell us where we stand in relation to the rest of the universe.
First flight of the ME 262, the first jet powered fighter
Exploring the depths of space may be able to answer some of life’s hardest questions, such as “why are we here?”,and “what is the meaning of life?” Who are the people behind the magic of aviated machines? These are the aerospace engineers. These are the people behind the building, mission design, flight path and so on, but building these machines is not an easy task. Aerospace engineers go through long vigorous training
in order to ensure that horrible accidents, such as the challenger explosion, never happen. Aerospace engineers study their topic of interest at a college, like most others, and must attend classes that teach about engineering and space mechanics. These engineers go on to create aviated machines. People going into the field of aerospace must learn also physics in space, and account for these differences in order to design missions. “Aerospace engineering is a specialized combination of mechanical, chemical, and systems engineering.” Fowler said. Aerospace Engineers define how space exploration is able to help our society to achieve more in space. “We need to be able to fly crew members to the International Space Station from US launch sites. Our ability to do this ended when we retired the space shuttle.” says Fowler. Unlocking the knowledge that will help with space exploration, will only increase our rate of expansion exponentially. The course and learning
Captured In Action: A shuttle is shown from space on earth orbital mission, STS-130, on Feburary 2010. Photo courtesy of NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Administration
program that future aerospace engineering go through is vigorous and extremely difficult. The aerospace engineer must be well versed in a large amount of all encompassing engineering subjects so that he is prepared for whatever difficulties may arise when designing these advanced machines.
Cutaway: A picture depicting the inside cutaway of a Space Shuttle. The design used is still consistant throughout the current years. Photo courtesy of NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1949
British European airways first flight of the DH 106 comet, the first jet passenger plane
The job market for aerospace engineers is drying up. “aerospace engineers are finding a lot of jobs as systems engineers. Aerospace engineering is, at its heart, systems engineering, and there are many jobs out there for systems engineers.” Fowler said. People are straying away from just aerospace engineering and focusing more on other areas of engineering, such as personal, and mechanical engineering.
Although obtaining a job in aerospace engineering is difficult, it is very rewarding. Aerospace engineers make one of the highest base salaries out of all fields of engineering. For example, the mean salary from the UT aerospace program is $62,499, with a mid career mean salary of $109,000. “The department has published a new perspective titled Advancing Aerospace.. that maps the future of the aerospace enterprise over the next decade and beyond.” says members of the Michigan engineering committee. In the future there are many directions that space travel could go. In looking for this future of exploration, we can see things such as asteroid initiative, manned missions further than ever, and easier ways to get someone into space. New technologies are coming out everyday to help the betterment of aviated machines [see pg. 9]. (Internal reference to Luke’s feature story) People at the largest space exploration company in America, NASA, are even looking at missions aimed at asteroids. “NASA’s Asteroid Initiative has two main parts: a mission to identify, robotically capture, and redirect a small asteroid
“The operation and maintenance costs are much larger than the purchase price of most large aircrafts.” Wallace T. Fowler 1969
Launch of the Apollo 11 spacecraft
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into a stable lunar orbit.” Joshua Buck said. The space market is expanding rapidly and new mission ideas and space initiatives are needed to be created constantly in order to keep up with the demand of space travel. “This is the beginning of a new era in space exploration where we will build the capabilities to send humans deeper into space than ever before” says Buck. The aerospace community is facing a deficit in economical benefits and public knowledge. America’s largest space exploration company, NASA, is facing a $1.1 billion deficit which will decrease the rates of expansion that is currently going on in relation to space exploration. space exploration organizations require a large amount of funding because “The operation and maintenance costs are much larger than the purchase price of most large aircrafts.” Fowler said. This is causing a deficit for both space exploration, and for the people working at space exploration organizations. Most Facilities are losing interest in aerospace technology and are focusing more on “areas of Earth sensing and on the search for exoplanets.” Fowler said, moving the market for discovery closer to us. Not only are the large orga-
Egnineering in Action- The graphic shows the vigorous course that is preparing you for the carrer of aerospace engineering, at UT school of aerospace engineering, 2014-2016 Photo curtesy of: UT Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics
nizations losing money, but aerospace engineers are also looking at funding cuts. The space deficits affects everyone, but with dedication and hardwork, the aerospace community will be able to recover. ”The aerospace engineer combines structures, aerodynamics, materials, dynamics, and systems engineering to produce a product that moves people and cargo from place to place on Earth rapidly and efficiently.” Fowler said.
“Aerospace engineering is a specialized combination of mechanical, chemical, and systems engineering.” Fowler said 1977
Voyager launch marks a new era of space exploration
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The next frontier: a picture of space including stars and a nebula. Taken Nov. 6th 2012
Photo curtesy of: Mitch Featherston
2009
Boeing first flight of the 787 Dreamliner
all photos are cited under creative commons or are in the public domain
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