de Amaral, Roche, de Szyszlo, Toledo

Latin American Masters 2525 Michigan Ave. E2 Santa Monica, CA 90404 310.829.4455 info@latinamericanmasters.com latinamericanmasters.com William J. Sheehy, Director Stephanie G. Mercado, Assistant Director

This catalogue documents exhibitions presented at Latin American Masters gallery between September 2017 and January 2018, concurrent with the Getty Foundation’s initiative on Latin American art, Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA. The featured artists: Olga de Amaral, Fernando de Szyszlo, Francisco Toledo and Arnaldo Roche, are among Latin America’s most important living artists.

Contents

Latin American Masters

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Olga de

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b.1932 Colombia

Amaral In the late 1960’s, Olga de Amaral transformed her traditional loom-based textile practice to a fiber-based plating system of her own invention. She began to incorporate diverse media into her work, including gesso, paint and precious metals. Her evolving technique transformed two-dimensional textiles into three-dimensional sculptural objects.

Inspired by kintsugi, the Japanese technique of repairing ceramics with gold leaf, Amaral began experimenting with gold. The interplay of gold’s varied textures and luminosity, combined with painted color, gave Amaral new formal possibilities. She was also interested in the varied meanings of gold, particularly its relationship to the sacred traditions of Pre-Renaissance Europe and Pre-Hispanic America.

Modern artists, from Yves Klein to Lucio Fontana, have incorporated gold in their work, yet few artists have created works with Amaral’s range of textures and light. Many of Amaral’s gold works have a surprising interactive quality, changing colors and luminosity according to the viewer’s vantage point. Amaral’s unique aesthetic, a combination of diverse materials and art practices, opened new possibilities for Abstract Art in post-war Latin America.

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Olga de Amaral

Curazo 2, 2015 linen, gesso, acrylic and palladium leaf 59 x 39Âź inches

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MontaĂąa 39, 2015 linen, gesso, acrylic, parchment paper and gold leaf 59 x 51 inches

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Olga de Amaral

Escrito 17, 2016 linen, gesso, acrylic and gold leaf 78ž x 51 inches

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Olga de Amaral

Perihelio, 2014 linen, gesso, acrylic, gold leaf and pigment 39 3∕8 x 67 inches

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Olga de Amaral

Aqua 14, 2016 linen, gesso, acrylic and palladium leaf 31½ x 65 inches

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Olga de Amaral

Minuta VII, 2015 linen, gesso, acrylic and gold leaf 22 x 14½ inches

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Olga de Amaral

Roca 2, 2016 linen, gesso, acrylic, parchment paper and gold leaf 71 x 29 ½ inches

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Poblado D, 2015 linen, gesso, acrylic, parchment paper and gold leaf 78 ¾ x 39 ¼ inches

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Olga de Amaral

Sol y cuadro, 2014 linen, gesso, acrylic and gold leaf 67 x 23½ inches

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Nudo 29, 2016 linen, gesso and acrylic 118 x 10 inches

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Olga de Amaral

Memento azulado, 2016 linen, gesso, acrylic and gold leaf 78ž x 49Ÿ inches

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Selected Solo Exhibitions

Selected Collections

1958 1966 1972 1973 1975 1977 1983 1984 1986 1989 1990 1993 1996 1997 1998 1999

2001 2002 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Albuquerque Museum of Art and History, Albuquerque, New Mexico The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio Denver Art Museum, Denver, Colorado De Young Museum, San Francisco, California Jean Lurçat Contemporary Tapestry Museum, Angers, France Kunstindustrimuseum, Trondheim, Norway Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York Museum of Modern Art, Bogotá, Colombia Museum of Contemporary Art, Lima, Perú Museum Bellerive, Zürich, Switzerland Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville, Paris, France Musée Cantonal des Beaux Arts, Lausanne, Switzerland Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, Japan National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, Rhode Island Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio

La Sociedad Colombiana de Arquitectos, Bogotá, Colombia Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela Museum of Modern Art, Bogotá, Colombia André Emmerich Gallery, New York, New York Galerie Rivolta, Lausanne, Switzerland Ruth Kaufmann Gallery, New York, New York Modern Masters Tapestries, New York, New York The Allrich Gallery, San Francisco, California 42nd Venice Biennale, Venice, Italy The Allrich Gallery, San Francisco, California Bellas Artes Gallery, Santa Fe, New Mexico Museum of Modern Art, Bogotá, Colombia Peter Joseph Gallery, New York, New York Art Museum of the Americas, Washington, D.C. Cranbrook Academy of Art, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan Albuquerque Museum of Art and History, Albuquerque, New Mexico National Museum of Fine Arts, Buenos Aires, Argentina National Museum, Lima, Perú Centro Cultural Casa de Vacas, Madrid, Spain Eretz Israel Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel Museo di Santa Giulia, Brescia, Italy Galerie Dutko, Paris, France Bellas Artes Gallery, Santa Fe, New Mexico Latin American Masters, Los Angeles, California Foundation Louise Blouin, London, England Galerie Agnés Monplaisir, Paris, France GalerÍa La Cometa, Bogotá, Colombia

Selected Group Exhibitions 1967 1969

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1971

1973 1975

1977 1981 1981 1985 1987 1992

1993

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1999 2001

2008

2014

2015

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Third Annual Biennial of Tapestry, Lausanne, Switzerland Wall Hangings, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York Amaral, Bechteley, Hicks, Galerie Buchholz, Munich, Germany Deliberate Entanglements, University of California, Los Angeles, California La Triennale di Milano, Milan, Italy Colombian Art Throughout the Centuries, Le Petit Palais, Paris, France Tapestry, National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, Japan Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France The Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, California Fiberworks, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas Textiles: A Survey, Nevada Museum of Art, Reno, Nevada Modern Design, 1890-1990, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York The Saxe Collection, (a traveling exhibition), Smithsonian Museum, Washington, D. C.; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Saint Louis Art Museum, Saint Louis, Missouri Latin American Women Artists, Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, Arizona De Young Museum, San Francisco, California Barro de América, Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela One of a Kind, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York Fiber: Sculpture 1960-Present, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts GOLD, Bass Museum, Miami, Florida

Selected Bibliography Amaral, Olga, The House of My Imagination (from the artist's lecture at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), Editions Amaral, 2003 Burgard, Timothy, Contemporary Works from the Saxe Collection, The San Francisco Museum of Art, 1999 Drutt, Mathew, Colombian Gold, Modern Painters, London, October, 2013 Miller, Craig, Modern Design in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1890–1990, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1990 Scarborough, Jessica: Towards a Language of Freedom, Fiber Arts Magazine, Edition Number 12, 1985 Lucie-Smith, Edward, Olga de Amaral, Ediciones Zona, Bogotá, Colombia, 2000

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Fernando

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b.1925 Perú

de Szyszlo Fernando de Szyszlo studied art at the Pontifical Catholic University of Perú in Lima. In 1949, he moved to Paris, where he met André Breton, and fellow Latin Americans Octavio Paz and Rufino Tamayo.

In 1954, Szyszlo traveled to Italy, where he studied the glazing techniques of the Venetian masters. The following year, Szyszlo returned to Perú and continued his search for a visual language that would reflect both Pre-Hispanic and European legacies.

By the late 1950’s, Szyszlo’s paintings combined the gestural power of Abstract Expressionism with a palette inspired by Perú’s ancient textile traditions. Szyszlo titled an important series of paintings from 1959, Cajamarca, a reference to the fateful place where the last Inca King was betrayed and executed by the Spanish. Szyszlo’s title was an assertion of a historical reality, too often ignored.

Szyszlo’s paintings display a formal mastery of light and shadow and, in later works, the counterpoint of weighted mass and sinuous linearity. It is impossible to imagine Szyszlo’s paintings without Surrealism, Futurism and Abstract Expressionism. Equally important for Szyszlo are the stones of Machu Picchu, the textiles of Chancay and Paracas, and the convulsive history of the Americas. Szyszlo’s genius lies in his ability to distill vast areas of culture, European and American, into a visual language that is his own.

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Fernando de Szyszlo

Paisaje de Paracas, 2010 acrylic on canvas 48 x 48 inches

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Trashumantes, 2015 charcoal and acrylic on board 31½ x 23½ inches

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Fernando de Szyszlo

Death and the Maiden, 2013 mixed-media 63 x 78 inches

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Fernando de Szyszlo

Trashumantes V, 2007 charcoal and acrylic on canvas 60 x 60 inches

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Trashumantes, 2015 charcoal and acrylic on board 27 x 11½ inches

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Fernando de Szyszlo

Piedra de Sol, Homenaje a Octavio Paz, 2009 charcoal and acrylic on canvas 67 x 60 inches

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Paisaje, 2010 watercolor, acrylic and charcoal on board 19½ x 28 inches

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Fernando de Szyszlo

Trashumantes, 2015 charcoal and acrylic on board 27 x 11½ inches

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Trashumantes IV, 2008 charcoal and acrylic on canvas 60 x 60 inches

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Fernando de Szyszlo

Regreso a Mendieta, 2016 acrylic on canvas 59 x 47½ inches

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Selected Solo Exhibitions

Selected Public Collections

1947 Instituto Cultural Peruano Norteamericano, Lima, Perú 1950 Galerie Mai, Paris, France 1953 Pan American Union, Washington, D.C. 1955 Galleria Numero, Florence, Italy 1956 Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 1957 Museum of Modern Art, São Paulo, Brazil 1959 Galería Antonio Souza, México City, México 1961 Galería Bonino, Buenos Aires, Argentina 1963 White Gallery, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 1964 Museum of Modern Art, Bogotá, Colombia Museum of Fine Arts, Caracas, Venezuela 1965 Institute of Contemporary Art, Lima, Perú 1968 Casa de las Américas, Havana, Cuba Museum of Modern Art, Buenos Aires, Argentina 1969 GalerÍa Juan Martín, México City, México 1971 University of San Juan Art Museum, San Juan, Puerto Rico 1972 Center for Inter-American Relations, New York, New York 1973 Museum of Modern Art, México City, México 1975 13th Bienal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 1976 Galería Aele, Madrid, Spain 1979 Galería Adler Castillo, Caracas, Venezuela 1984 Museum of Contemporary Art, Montevideo, Uruguay 1988 Museo Rufino Tamayo, México City, México 1989 Museum of Contemporary Art, Monterrey, México 1992 National Museum of Fine Arts, Santiago, Chile 1993 Museum of Modern Art, México City, México Associated American Artists, New York, New York 1994 Durini Gallery, London, England 1996 Museum of the Americas, Washington, D.C. 2000 Museum of Latin American Art, Long Beach, California 2003 Maison de l’Amérique Latine, Paris, France 2005 Stazione Leopolda, Florence, Italy Museum of Modern Art, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2011 Museo de Arte de Lima, Lima, Perú 2014 Instituto Cervantes, New York, New York

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York The Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Museum of the Americas, Washington , D.C. Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, Rhode Island The Blanton Museum, University of Texas, Austin, Texas The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, California San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, California University of Essex Collection, Essex, England Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy Centre Nationale d’Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, France The Herzliya Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, Israel National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul, Korea Museum of Contemporary Art, Lima, Perú Museum of Modern Art, Bogotá, Colombia Museo Rufino Tamayo, México City, México Museum of Modern Art, México City, México Museum of Modern Art, São Paulo, Brazil Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Museum of Fine Arts, Caracas, Venezuela Casa de las Americas, Havana, Cuba

Selected Group Exhibitions

Selected Bibliography Ashton, Dore, Szyszlo, Editions Polígrafa, 2003 de Szyszlo, Fernando, Miradas Furtivas: Antología de Textos 1955 -2012, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2012 de Szyszlo, Fernando, La Vida Sin Dueño, Random House S.A., 2016 Szyszlo, Texts by Mario Vargas Llosa, Octavio Paz and Marta Traba, Editions MALI, 2011

1951 Salon de Mai, Paris, France 1955 Six Abstract Painters, Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, Italy 1957 IV Bienal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 1958 XXIX Venice Biennale, Venice, Italy 1959 The U.S. Collects Pan American Art, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 1960 South American Art Today, Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas, Texas 1961 Latin America: New Departures, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts 1966 Latin American Art Since Independence,

Yale University Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut

The Emergent Decade, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York 1973 12 Latin American Artists, University of Texas Art Museum, Austin, Texas 1977 Arte Actual de Iberoamérica, Plaza Colón, Madrid, Spain 1988 Painting Since World War II, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York 1988 The Latin American Spirit, Bronx Museum of Art, Bronx, New York 1990 Octavio Paz, Los Privilegios de la Vista, Centro Cultural de Arte Contemporáneo, México City, México 1996 Latin Viewpoints into the Mainstream, Nassau Museum of Art, New York, New York 1999 Nueve Grandes de Iberoamérica, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain 2013 Modérnities Plurielles: 1905–1970, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France

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Francisco

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b.1940 México

Toledo Francisco Toledo held his first solo exhibition in 1959. In 1960, he moved to Paris where he met other important artists, including Max Ernst and Rufino Tamayo. Over the next three years, Toledo established an international reputation, with solo exhibitions in Paris, London, and New York. In 1965 he returned to México, where he developed stronger ties with his native culture. Thereafter, he traveled frequently, living in Paris, Barcelona, and New York. Returning to Oaxaca in 1989, Toledo became a tireless advocate for human rights, ecological awareness, and cultural preservation and profusion.

Although inspired by the history and culture of México, Toledo’s interests are wide-ranging, including world literary traditions, architecture and natural history. Below his beautifully rendered surfaces, Toledo’s art is an expression of the interconnectedness of all living things. An individual work might combine oil, watercolor, sand, ink, and collage. More than a formal enlivening of his art, Toledo’s combinations of diverse materials reflect a worldview unbounded by categorization or hierarchy.

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Francisco Toledo

Mascara Roja, 2017 oil, sand and silver leaf on canvas 19 7∕8 x 19 7∕8 inches

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Self-Portrait with Petate, 2017 oil and gold leaf on canvas 23¾ x 19¾ inches

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Francisco Toledo

Spin Top, spun 28,105 times around the sun (the age of Toledo), 2017 oil, sand and gold leaf on canvas 19ž x 23ž inches

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Imaginary Fences, 2017 oil on canvas 23¾ x 19 7∕8 inches

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Francisco Toledo

The Iguana that Accompanies Me, 2017 oil on canvas 23ž x 23ž inches

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Francisco Toledo

Leaning Away, 2017 oil on canvas 19 7∕8 x 19 7∕8 inches

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King Bee, 2017 incised oil and gesso on wood 393∕8 x 393∕8 inches

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Francisco Toledo

My Birth, 2017 oil and gold leaf on canvas 23¾ x 19 7∕8 inches

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Eye of the Beholder, 2017 oil and gold leaf on canvas 23¾ x 23¾ inches

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Francisco Toledo

Fire and Ash, 2017 oil, sand and silver leaf on canvas 23ž x 23ž inches

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Selected Solo Exhibitions

Selected Collections

1959 1963 1964 1965 1966 1968 1969 1970 1974 1976 1978 1980 1984 1985 1988 1991 1995 1997 2000 2001 2002 2005 2007 2012 2015

National Museum of Modern Art, Paris, France Tate Gallery, London, England National Gallery, Oslo, Norway Ludwig Museum, Koblenz, Germany Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York Princeton University Museum, Princeton, New Jersey The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois The National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Blanton Museum of Art, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California Hammer Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California USC Fisher Museum of Art, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Museum of Latin American Art, Long Beach, California San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, California Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, California Museum of Modern Art, México City, México Museo Rufino Tamayo, México City, México The Jacques and Natasha Gelman Collection, México City and New York

Fort Worth Art Center, Fort Worth, Texas Galerie Karl Flinker, Paris, France Hamiltons Gallery, London, England Saidenberg Gallery , New York, New York Tooth Gallery, London, England Galerie Daniel Gervis, Paris, France Galería Juan Martín, México City, México Galería Arvil, México City, México Martha Jackson Gallery, New York, New York Museo de Arte Moderno, Bogotá, Colombia Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York Museum of Modern Art, México City, México Palacio de Bellas Artes, México City, México Nippon Gallery, Tokyo, Japan National Museum of Mexican Fine Arts, Chicago, Illinois Latin American Masters, Los Angeles, California Associated American Artists, New York, New York XLVII Venice Biennale, Venice, Italy Whitechapel Gallery, London, England Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain Städtische Kunstmuseum, Spendhaus Reutlingen, Germany Museo Nacional de Antropología, México City, México Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, New Jersey Latin American Masters, Los Angeles, California Museum of Modern Art, México City, México

Selected Group Exhibitions 1962 Peintres Latinoamericains, Museum of Modern Art, Paris 1963 Salon de Mai, Museum of Modern Art, Paris, France 1965 Contemporary Mexican Painting, Casa de las Américas,

Havana, Cuba 1967 Expo 67, Montreal, Canada 1970 Young Artists of México, Center for Inter-American Relations, New York, New York 1973 15 Mexican Artists, Phoenix Museum, Phoenix, Arizona 1974 Recent Mexican Painting, The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Japan 1975 12 Mexican Artists, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 1977 Recent Latin American Drawings, International Exhibitions Foundation, Washington, D.C. 1981 Mexican Painting Now, Le Petit Palais, Paris, France 1985 The Intermediate Generation, Museum of Modern Art, México City, México 1987 Image of Mexico, Schirn Kunsthalle, Frankfurt, Germany 1989 Latin American Art 1830–1970, the Hayward Gallery, London, England 1992 5th Triennial Fellbach, Fellbach, Germany

Latin American Art, Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York (traveling exhibition) 1993 Latin American Art, 1911–1968, Le Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France 1996 Point/Conterpoint, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, California 2005 Contemporary Mexican Art, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain 2007 Mexicanidad, Kunsthalle Wurth, Kunzelsau, Germany 2013 Paper Trail, Latin American Masters, Los Angeles, California 2014 Treasures of the Tamayo Museum, San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, California

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Selected Bibliography Ades, Dawn and Monsiváis, Carlos, Francisco Toledo, Turner Books, 2000 Ashton, Dore, Francisco Toledo, Latin American Masters, Los Angeles, 1991 Cardoza y Aragón, Luis, Francisco Toledo, E.R.A., México, 1987 de Mandiargues, André Pieyre, Mystique de la Forme, XX Siecle, Paris, 1964 Francisco Toledo: 1957-1990, Formento Cultural Banamex, A.C., México City, 2016 Manrique, Jorge, Francisco Toledo, Veronica Volkow, Smufit, México, 2002 Mead Moore, George, Francisco Toledo, Bomb Magazine, 2000

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Arnaldo

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b.1955 Puerto Rico

Roche Arnaldo Roche is obsessed with memory: its burial and retrieval.

Roche’s canvases are densely layered, worked in a combination of techniques that include frottage (rubbing), grattage (scraping), and the imprinting of varied objects and materials to the painted surface.

Roche’s process asserts the tactile, material reality of painting.

The evolution of Roche’s imagery includes imaginative self-portraits constructed with the painted impressions of organic elements, such as leaves and palm fronds. These and other works explore the complexities of self-identity, the influence of history, both personal and collective, on who we are and how we are perceived.

Roche received his M.F.A. from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. He quickly established an international reputation with inclusion in important exhibitions, including the XIX São Paulo Biennial, Brazil; Recent Developments in Latin American Drawing, The Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois; and Hispanic Art in the United States, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Roche currently lives and works in Puerto Rico.

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Arnaldo Roche

The One Who Search, The One Who Finds, 2014 oil on canvas 24 x 24 inches

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Mirrors Never Show My Hands, 2014 oil on canvas 24 x 24 inches

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Arnaldo Roche

La Escalera, 2014 oil and wood on paper 32 x 26 inches

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El Arquitecto, 2014 oil and wood on paper 32 x 26 inches

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Arnaldo Roche

Nomadic Journey, 2014 oil on canvas 84 x 84 inches

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Here Painting Is Queen, 2014 oil on canvas 84 x 84 inches

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Arnaldo Roche

Mi Reflejo de Ti, 2017 oil on canvas 36 x 48 inches

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Arnaldo Roche

Contar de Pedazos, 2017 oil on canvas 48 x 36 inches

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Mi Forma de Amarte, 2017 oil on canvas 12 x 12 inches

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Arnaldo Roche

Si Me Dejaras Explicarte, 2017 oil on canvas 36 x 48 inches

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Selected Solo Exhibitions

Selected Collections

984 1 1986

1987 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Blanton Museum of Art, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York, New York Cisneros Capital Group, Miami, Florida USC Fisher Museum of Art, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Halle Collection, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Hirshhorn Museum, Washington, D.C. Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Indiana Maison de l’Amérique Latine, Paris, France Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York El Museo del Barrio, New York, New York Leipziger Volkszeitung Collection, Leipzig, Germany Museum of Contemporary Art, San Juan, Puerto Rico Sofía Ímber Museum of Contemporary Art, Caracas, Venezuela Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas Museo de Arte, Ponce, Puerto Rico Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, Rhode Island Rubell Collection, Miami, Florida Sada Collection, Monterrey, México

Museo de Arte, Ponce, Puerto Rico Museum of the University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico Chicago Public Library Cultural Center, Chicago, Illinois Struve Gallery, Chicago, Illinois Frumkin/Adams Gallery, New York, New York Art Museum of the Americas, Washington, D.C. Galería Alejandro Gallo, México City, México Museum of Contemporary Art, Monterrey, México Frumkin/Adams Gallery, New York, New York Museum of Contemporary Art, San Juan, Puerto Rico Museum of Modern Art, México City, México 1996 The Anderson Gallery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 1998 Museum of Fine Arts, Caracas, Venezuela 2002 Museo de las Américas, San Juan, Puerto Rico 2003 Iturralde Gallery, Los Angeles, California 2004 Walter Otero Gallery, San Juan, Puerto Rico 2005 Latin American Masters, Los Angeles, California 2008 Chicago Cultural Center (a traveling exhibition), Chicago, Illinois Museum of Latin American Art, Long Beach, California 2009 Museum of Contemporary Art, San Juan, Puerto Rico 2014 Latin American Masters, Los Angeles, California 2015 Centro Atlántico de Arte Moderno, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Selected Group Exhibitions 1987 Recent Developments in Latin American Drawing, The Art Institute, Chicago, Illinois XIX São Paulo Biennial, São Paulo, Brazil The Art of the Fantastic: Latin America, 1920–1987, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Indiana Hispanic Art in the United States, (a traveling exhibition) Corcoran Gallery, Washington D.C.; Los Angeles Contemporary Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California 1989 Chicago Artists in the European Tradition, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Illinois 1990 The Decade Show, The Studio Museum of Harlem, New York, New York 1991 Awards in the Visual Arts, Hirshhorn Museum, Washington, D.C. 1992 Latin American Artists of the Twentieth Century (a traveling exhibition) Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York; Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France 1996 Art in Chicago, 1945–1995, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Illinois 1998 30th Festival de la Peinture, Château Grimaldi, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France 2001 Humor and Rage, Foundation Caixa Catalunya La Pedrera, Barcelona, Spain 2002 Crisis Response, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, Rhode Island 2003 Urbanity/Humanity, Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York, New York 2005 Go Figure, Lowe Art Museum, Miami, Florida 2006 Portrait (a traveling exhibition), El Museum Del Barrio New York, New York; San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, California; The National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D. C. 2010 Paint Made Flesh, The Phillips Collection, Washington D.C. 2012 Caribbean Crossroads, El Museo del Barrio, New York, New York

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Selected Bibliography Dalmace, Michèle, Fraternal, Ponce Museum, Puerto Rico, 2002 Hobbs, Robert, Brotherhood, Department of Cultural Affairs, Chicago, 2008 Hobbs, Robert, The Uncommonwealth, University of Washington Press, 1996 Pau-Llosa, Ricardo, The Enigmas of Brotherhood: Roche and Van Gogh, Latin American Art Review, September, 2002 Roche Rabell, Arnaldo, In Blue: Signals After Touch, Edited by Omar–Pascual Castillo, CAAM, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, 2015

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Catalog: ©2017, Latin American Masters Text: ©2017, William J. Sheehy Photography: ©2017, Diego Amaral Ceballos; ©2017, Chris Considine; ©2017, Marcel Rius Baron Catalog design: David Mellen Design Printing: Marina Graphic Center Printing coordination: Janet Klein ISBN:978-0-9639399-5-1

Acknowledgements: Much thanks to Valentina Amaral, Casa Amaral, Walter Otero, Walter Otero Gallery, Trine Ellitsgaard and Sara Lopez Ellitsgaard Rasmussen.

Special thanks to the artists: Olga de Amaral, Fernando de Szyszlo, Francisco Toledo and Arnaldo Roche.