Whizz Pop Bang Science Magazine for Kids! Issue 83: LET'S GET GROWING! by Whizz Pop Bang

Grow food from kitchen scraps

ISSN 2399 -2840

THE AWESOME SCIENCE MAGAZINE FOR KIDS!

Plant your pants to investigate soil health!

Let’s ge t

growing! The secret science of gardening

pa u t Se l race! i a n s

t c e s s Di r e w o a fl

fr Make iends h super slug t i w s WHIZZPOPBANG.COM ISSUE 83

EXPERIMENTS PUZZLES AMAZING FACTS SCIENCE NEWS

WELCOME!

We’re growing to have loads of gardening fun this issue!

WHIZZ POP BANG is made by:

If you’re not already fascina ted after trying the activities in by plants, you surely will be this Whizz Pop Bang! You can impr green-fingered edition of es fresh salad leaves from kitch s your parents by growing en scraps and planting a herb patch on your windowsill – no ga set up a snail race with frien rden needed! You can also ds, try a flower dissection on your kitchen table and plant your undies in compost to watch them decompose – pla nt-astic!

Editor-in-Chief: Jenny Inglis Editor: Tammy Osborne Assistant Editor: Tara Pardo Designers: Rachael Fisher and Simon Oliver Illustrator: Clive Goodyer Staff writer: Joanna Tubbs Contributors: Esther Barron, Sarah Bearchell, Anna Claybourne, Joe Inglis, Owen Inglis, Kate Powell and Kirsty Williams

EXPERT SCIENCE ADVISERS

As well as our writers, we also have a team of science advisers who help to ensure that our content is accurate, up-to-date and relevant. Our advisers include: palaeontologist Steve Brusatte; molecular microbiologist Matt Hutchings; robotics engineer Abbie Hutty; mechanical engineer Amiee Morgans; GP Dr Cathy Scott; astronomer Mark Thompson; physicist Dr Jess Wade; child psychologist Dr Naira Wilson. To find out more, go to whizzpopbang.com/about

I’ve been munching on food I’ve grown myself ! Where you see this symbol, use a QR code reader on a phone or tablet to visit a relevant web page.

Emmi

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WHIZZ POP BANG is only available by subscription. If you haven’t subscribed yet, simply go to whizzpopbang.com and sign up for as little as £3.33 per magazine, including UK delivery. Back issues are available to purchase at whizzpopbang.com/shop With the help of Whizz Pop Bang magazine, just imagine what your child might one day discover!

GROWN-UPS

EDUCATORS

Welcome to WHIZZ POP BANG – the magazine bursting with enticing articles, mind-boggling facts and hands-on experiments to get your child hooked on science! Whizz Pop Bang is a gender-neutral magazine with plenty of inspirational male and female scientists and content that appeals to all children.

The magazine is ideal for home educators and it’s linked to the national curriculum too, for use in schools. Whizz Pop Bang will help with literacy development as well. Transform science teaching in your school with our hands-on science and reading resources. Our downloadable lesson packs link fun science experiments and reading with key curriculum topics for years 2-6. Subscribe at whizzpopbang.com/schools

All experiments have been tried and tested by our team. The activities should be done under close adult supervision and are done at your own risk. Launchpad Publishing Ltd cannot accept liability for damage done.

Indicates content linked to the National Curriculum

Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ Printed in the UK by The Magazine Printing Company using only paper from FSC/PEFC suppliers www.magprint.co.uk

© 2022 Launchpad Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents of WHIZZ POP BANG without written permission is prohibited. Illustrations: © 2022 Clive Goodyer

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ISSN 239 9-28 40

GET IN TOUCH

ISSN 2399-2840

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CONTENTS 6

AWESOME NEWS AND AMAZING FACTS

Sniff out the world’s favourite smells, discover the wonders of weeds and blast-off to the ISS!

THE SECRET SCIENCE GARDEN

Find out what’s inside a flower, set up a snail race and plant your pants in the name of science!

ANIMAL ANTICS

Make friends with super slugs, slugs the slimy visitors that play an important role in the garden ecosystem.

SILLY SCIENCE

Learn about sensational sunflowers and fill in the missing words in our poem!

EMMI’S ECO CLUB

Upcycle cartons into plant pots and grow your own food from kitchen scraps! scraps

Take a trip to the allotment with TV gardener Danny Clarke.

HOW STUFF WORKS

…gardens around the world, from city rooftops to desert cacti and light-up trees!

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Y’S WONDER CLUB

32 34 35

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ck.c om

to ho nt P © Neil Marshme

Find out how worms, bugs and bacteria change food waste into useful compost.

TEN AWESOMELY AMAZING…

te r

Collect the plants and avoid the slugs in our fun card game.

Sh ut

INTERVIEW WITH A SCIENCE HERO

. ock

PULLOUT

t © Shutters

Atom

SENSATIONAL SCIENTISTS

Writer and illustrator Beatrix Potter was a scientist too!

Ask our robot, Y, your burning science questions and share all of your adventures in science with the club.

QUIZ POP BANG AND COMPETITION

I’d love to see pictures of your experiments! Send them to Y@whizzpopbang.com and ask an JOKES AND ANSWERS adult to tag us on social media Laugh out loud at some awesome jokes and find @whizzpopbangmag the answers to all of our quizzes, puzzles and riddles. Test your knowledge with our super-duper science quiz and win a bird bingo game!

SPECTACULAR SCIENCE

See a ‘living wall’ garden created on the side of a building!

FIND THE SCIENCE EQUIPMENT Hidden on each double page is a piece of science equipment. Tick each one to find the complete kit!

s Awesome New cts and Amazing Fa WEEDS AREN’T ALL BAD!

The world’s favourite smell is (drumroll)….

vanilla!

wor Common rag

Scientists from the University of Sussex have found that bees like weeds twice as much as wildflowers. Weeds like common ragwort and creeping thistle are often removed because they can be bad for crops or livestock. But the researchers found that important pollinating insects like bees and wasps spent twice as much time on these weeds than on nearby wildflowers. The weeds also produced four times more nectar. As the countryside has become less wild, bee populations have been in decline. Farmers also rely on these insects to pollinate their crops, so they shouldn’t underestimate the importance of weeds, say the researchers.

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WHAT’S YOUR FAVOURITE SMELL? That’s according to a scientific study of people from nine different cultures around the world. The study was designed to investigate whether the smells we like depend on the culture we come from. The researchers asked participants to smell test tubes containing 10 different scent chemicals and to rate them in order of preference. Some people living in remote areas had never smelled some of them, yet the results were consistent for all 10 smells in all nine cultures. Other favourites included floral and fruity scents, while the least popular was one that smelt of sweaty feet!

HOW TO SAVE THE WORLD

The world’s scientists have come up with a plan to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis. The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) says that we have to stop burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) to generate energy within the next three years or face dangerous climate change, which will be hard to fix later on. The report says that governments should invest money in renewable energy – solar and wind power – which doesn’t damage the environment. But governments and oil companies make lots of money from fossil fuels, so they are reluctant to stop using them. While all the things we do at home to help the environment (such as choosing greener transport, turning the heating down, eating less meat and buying less stuff) are really important, the report says they won’t be enough unless governments also make big changes. So, what can you do to make this happen? We asked 14-year-old climate activist Alba Forrest-Dickinson, who has been organising climate protests in her hometown of Kendal.

Find out how to take action (including a template letter to send to your MP and how to protest) here bit.ly/3wj4Mhh

In April, a new team of astronauts blasted off to the International Space Station (ISS) to get stuck into some serious space science. Crew-4 will be orbiting the planet for a 6-month mission in which they will be carrying out loads of cool experiments. Here are some of the things they’ll be up to… Growing plants without soil. Testing out tools that use lasers to diagnose medical conditions in space. Checking if computer programs written by students can control an Astrobee – a free-flying cube-shaped robot. Trying out clothes with in-built sensors that monitor how being in space affects blood circulation. Seeing if it’s easier to make artificial eye implants in microgravity.

Jessica Watkins

Young people can’t vote, so it’s important to get the message out in other ways. Protesting gets attention and is a really positive experience for everyone involved. You could also write to your MP about renewable energy, or ask your teachers to set up an eco club. All of these things will have a really positive effect - not just on helping our climate but also on how you feel about global warming. There is so much you can do and every bit of it is worth doing.

NEW CREW ON THE ISS

Kjell Robert a Hines Lindgren Samanth tti e Cristofor

You can read our interviews with Crew-4 astronauts Jessica Watkins and Samantha Cristoforetti in Issues 62 and 78 of Whizz Pop Bang (whizzpopbang.com/shop/back-issues/).

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Whenever you go into a garden or park, you’re surrounded by science! Plants are beautiful and useful, but they’re also incredible life forms with their own weird and wonderful ways of surviving. Read on to find out the science secrets hidden inside every garden…

don’t even need your own garden! You

Plants grow from seeds. When a seed has enough light, warmth and water, it will germinate (start to sprout), growing a root and a stem.

The stem grows upwards, gets bigger and stronger, and grows branches and leaves.

By A

All shapes and sizes • You might be lucky enough to have your own garden – or have a community garden near you. • If you have a patio or balcony, you can grow plants there in pots or containers. • You can even grow plants indoors in small pots or trays on a sunny windowsill.

How does your garden grow? Before you start growing your own plants, let’s take a quick look at how they actually work.

Clayb

Fruit Most plants grow flowers, which can turn into fruit containing new seeds.

(tomatoes in this case!)

Leaves

Seed

The roots grow down into the soil to suck up water, which the plant needs.

rne ou

The secret science garden

a nn

Plants grow seeds – which grow into more plants!

Germination station

Did you know that peas are a type of seed? Find out what they need to grow…

For a tomato plant, full size means up to about 1.5 m tall – but some plants grow much bigger! The coast redwood, the world’s tallest tree, can reach 115 m (as tall as a 38-floor building) with a trunk 9 m wide!

You will need: • 8-12 dried pea seeds (from a garden centre) • 4 small bowls or food tubs • Kitchen paper

What you do: 1. Put a folded-up piece of kitchen paper in each bowl and put 2 or 3 peas in the middle of each. Label the bowls 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Don’t plant one of these on your windowsill!

2. Place bowls 1 and 2 in a warm place, like a sunny indoor windowsill, and put bowls 3 and 4 in the shoebox in a cool place, away from heat sources. 3. Each day, drip 2 teaspoons of water into bowls 1 and 3, so that the peas and paper remain damp. 4. After a week, record your observations in the table below.

Warm Water

• Sticky labels (or a sharpie if using food pots) • A shoebox or similar • A teaspoon

4 Cool

No water

Water

No water

You should find: From your results, you should be able to work out what the ideal conditions for germination are. The peas that have water and warmth should have germinated, whereas the others should have shown little or no change. After seeds have germinated, they need light to keep growing.

Grow your own You could plant your germinated peas in some compost in a cleaned-out plastic food container. Keep watering them and they should grow bigger. You can eat the pea shoots (small pea plants) in salads, or plant them in bigger pots outdoors to grow into full-sized pea plants.

What’s green and goes up and down? A pea in a lift!

Peas can grow as big as ping pong balls!

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Powered by light Plants grow, just like you do – but you’ll never see one munching on a pizza or grabbing a snack. That’s because plants don’t eat! So, how do they grow?

Instead of eating, plants make food in their leaves. This process is called photosynthesis (say foe-toe-SINTH-uh-sis), and to do it, plants need light light.

Here’s what happens…

GOING IN:

Carbon dioxide gas from the air

Light energy from the Sun

That’s why plants love me!

GOING OUT: Food chemicals go to build more plant parts

Oxygen gas goes into the air

Water from the soil

Plants grow using light energy from the Sun.

What’s the point of flowers?

Getting together

To make seeds, pollen has to pollinate a flower by landing on its stigma. The male cells travel down inside it and join with female cells, making new cells that can become seeds.

They’re not just there to look pretty. Plants grow flowers to make seeds, which can grow into more plants. To make seeds, a male plant cell and a female plant cell must join together. These cells are found inside flowers.

The male cells are in grains of pollen, found on the anthers. Pollen Anther

The female cells are inside the ovary. Stigma Style

Stamen

Sepals Petals Filament

That’s good news for us because we need oxygen to live! Plants keep our air fresh and healthy.

Ovary

Can you spot 11 butterflies in this scene? Check your answers on page 34.

Some plants can pollinate themselves. In others, pollen from one plant pollinates a flower on another plant. The pollen can blow on the wind, but often it’s carried from one flower to another by bees or other insects, as they fly around feeding on flowers. Yum

Flower power Flowers contain sweet, sugary nectar and have bright colours and sweet smells to attract insects. The plant gives the insect food and gets pollinated in return!

Lo Tr

th an

Making fruit

Grow a mini garden

The ovule often grows into a fruit surrounding the seeds, such as a tomato or apple.

Plant yourself a mini garden to grow on a windowsill. You could grow herbs, edible flowers (like nasturtiums), radishes or lettuces.

Seeds

You will need:

inside

What kind of flowers grow on your face? Two-lips!

This is why gardeners and farmers love bees and butterflies – they help the flowers to make fruit and seeds.

s ir

• An old ice cream tub or plastic container • A tray to put underneath, which will fit on your windowsill

• Sharp scissors or a metal skewer • Compost or rich soil • Seeds (from a garden centre)

What you do: 1. Ask an adult to use the scissors or skewer to make about 10 holes in the base of your container. 2. Put it on the tray and carefully fill it with compost. 3. Put seeds on top of the compost, spreading them 2-3 cm apart. 4. Sprinkle more compost on top to cover the seeds. 5. Put your garden on a windowsill and sprinkle lightly with water every day. 6. Your seeds should start growing within a week.

Flower dissection Look inside a real flower to see the parts for yourself! Try using a rose, poppy, tulip or carnation (but avoid lilies as their pollen is bad for pets and can stain things). Put the flower on a chopping board and ask an adult to help you carefully cut it down the middle with a knife. Can you find these parts?

Petals

Stamens

Which seed is which? Can you match each seed to the plant it comes from? Check your answers on page 34.

Apple Beetroot Poppy Sunflower © Shutterstock.com

Pepper

Sepals

Ovary

Melon whizzpopbang.com 9

Super-soil!

Plant your pants!

Plants usually grow in soil, with their roots reaching down to suck up water from the ground. But there’s more to soil than that – in fact, it’s an amazing, living super-substance, full of surprises!

Discover what soil can do in a month or two!

Did you know...

...a handful of soil like this can have more than 10 BILLION bacteria living in it? That’s more than the number of people on our whole planet!

You will need: • An outside space with a small patch of soil you can use, or some compost in a pot • Two small pieces of 100% cotton or linen fabric (e.g. from an old pair of pants, T-shirt or tea towel) • A clean plastic food bag (e.g. from a loaf of bread) • A small trowel or spade (or an old spoon)

What you do: 1. Put one fabric scrap in the food bag and tie it in a tight knot. 2. Dig a small hole in the soil, about 7-8 cm deep. 3. Put both fabric scraps in the hole (one still inside the bag) and put the soil back over the top.

Dirt dwellers Soil is teeming with living things. They feed on dead leaves, bacteria or each other – and their poo makes the soil more fertile. Can you fill in the missing letters to reveal some of the creatures you might find in garden soil? Check your answers on page 34.

Soil mi_es

4. Wait two months (that’s until the next two issues of Whizz Pop Bang have come out!). 5. Dig up your fabric scraps and see what’s happened.

You should find: The fabric scrap in the plastic bag won’t have changed, but the other one will have started to disappear and rot away. As cotton is a natural fibre, made from plants, the soil animals and bacteria can feed on it and break it down into useful soil chemicals. However, they can’t feed on plastic, so it stays unchanged (in fact, it will stay like that for hundreds of years!).

_art_wor_ _enti_ede Springtai_

Nematode _orm

M_ll_p_de Woo_l_use F_n_i 10 whizzpopbang.com

_ar_ig

When planet Earth first formed, there was no soil.

Always wash your hands well after working with soil – the bacteria are great for plants, but some aren’t great for you!

Living together A garden isn’t just plants. It’s an ecosystem – a community of plants, soil, animals, fungi, bacteria and other living things, all living together and depending on each other. For example... Insects and squirrels feed on plants

Insects become food for birds and hedgehogs

Flowers depend on insects to pollinate them

Plants provide shelter and homes for insects, birds and squirrels

Dead plants and animals provide food for soil bacteria and fungi

Many gardeners don’t like slugs, snails and caterpillars, which gobble up their plants. But they’re still an important part of the ecosystem, they provide food for other animals… and you can race them!

Snail race! If you find snails in your garden or local park, try this! Draw a small chalk circle on a pavement or patio, and a bigger circle outside it (or you could make the circles with pebbles or twigs). Wet the ground so the snails don't dry out, then carefully put them in the middle. Each person chooses one snail, then see which snail gets to the outer circle first!

Gently put your snails back in a quiet corner of the garden afterwards.

Try growing a patch of snails’ favourite plants for them, so they don’t eat other parts of the garden.

We L OVE : C a b b a ge s le tt uces Be a n p l a n t s

Slugs

AL ANIM S TIC

The name slug refers to a variety of animals from a group called gastropod molluscs, which also includes snails. Like their distant cousins – squid, octopuses, oysters and mussels – slugs and snails are invertebrates, which means they don’t have a hard skeleton inside their bodies.

Slug or snail? The main difference between slugs and snails is that snails have a hard shell protecting their bodies and slugs don’t. However, most slugs do have a small internal shell which is a leftover from their snail-like ancestors.

Deep in the Whizz Pop Bang veg patch, our vet Joe Inglis is crawling between the cabbages on the slimy trail of an animal that loves to nibble your plants.

20 cm

The length of the world’s largest slug species, the leopard slug.

On the move © Geo-grafika / Shutterstock.com

Slugs move by contracting and relaxing muscles in their foot, the flat surface underneath their bodies which also produces slimy mucus. They find their way around using sensors on two pairs of tentacles on their head. One pair senses light and the other senses chemicals in the air, much like our sense of smell.

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20,000

The estimated number of slugs in the average garden – 95% of these are underground, where they nibble roots and seeds, and lay eggs.

Slime trails If you want to find a slug, all you have to do is follow the trail of slime it leaves behind. Slugs produce two different types of mucus, one thick and one thin. These help them move over rough surfaces and stop their bodies – which are mainly made of water – from drying out.

Slugs have more teeth than sharks.

Munching molluscs Most slugs eat plants (including the leaves of vegetables in the Whizz Pop Bang garden!), but some are carnivorous, eating other slugs, snails or earthworms. Slugs can cause a lot of damage to crops in gardens and farms. But some species, like leopard slugs, can be helpful to gardeners by recycling rotting plant material and fungi, adding nutrients to the soil.

Stretchy slugs Slugs are super stretchy. They can squeeze through tiny gaps by stretching their bodies out until they are 20 times as long as normal!

A snail was rude to me the other day, but I let it slide!

Change the word CROP to the word SLUG by changing only one letter at a time. There are some clues to help you. Check your answers on page 34.

CROP A horse’s hooves go clip… The audience does this at the end of a show A kind of sea creature in a shell

Save our slugs! Slugs often get a bad reputation because of the damage they do to plants, but they are an important part of the natural ecosystem. Chris Packham and other conservationists think we should try to live with them, as they are a vital source of food for animals like hedgehogs, slowworms and thrushes.

To close a door really hard A makeshift, rundown place to live, often in a crowded area A purple fruit with a stone in the middle This stops the water emptying out of the bath

SLUG

Sunflowers are super-interesting – and useful! Read about them below and wherever you see a word highlighted, think of what the opposite of that word could be and fill it into the blank space in the poem on the right. Make sure you write it into the space with the same number.

A sunflower is not a single flower. The darker centre is made up of thousands of tiny flowers.

Fu n

e h t n i

sun

The [1] soft petals around the outside are called ray florets and they don’t produce any seeds. Each flower in the middle of a sunflower head [2] can grow into a seed. Young sunflowers turn to follow the Sun as it moves across the sky. This is called heliotropism. Once they are fully grown, sunflowers [3] stop turning and most will face east. Sunflowers [4] hate the [5] cold – they need lots ofwarm sunshine to grow tall and [6] strong.

How do sunflowers greet each other? Hey bud, how’s it growing?!

Sunflowers don’t really smell of anything. Their bright colour and large flower heads attract pollinators. Some sunflowers grow to almost 5 metres [7] tall, while dwarf kinds are [8] short and might be only 30 cm [9] high. When a sunflower head has gone brown, you can harvest the seeds to eat or use them to make sunflower oil – or they can be left for birds and other animals to enjoy! Sunflowers have been used to help clear up radiation after nuclear accidents. They take up heavy metal compounds, including radioactive ones, from deep [10] down in the soil and hold them in their stems, leaves and flower heads. Once the plants are fully grown, they are collected and burned, leaving the radioactive metals behind. The metals are then sealed into a type of glass and stored safely.

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I’m a lonely sunflower sitting in a pot. I’d like a drink of water but I think my friends forgot.

Find a way across the sunflower head, starting here. Check your answer on page 34.

My pot is in the shade where I [2] ________see the Sun. I’d [4] __________ some buzzy visitors, but sadly I have none. My stem is [7] __________ and [6] __________ and my head is hanging [9] __________, I’m feeling sad and lonely, all I want to do is grow. Along come some friends, Emmi and Riley are their names, They’re having lots of fun playing outdoor games. Now they’ve got a watering can, they [3] __________ to visit all the pots,

FINISH

I wish they’d see me here, but in the shade I’m [1] __________ to spot. Wait, can this be true? They are coming this way, They see me in my corner, oh happy day! “Look,” says Emmi, “A sunflower in a pot. It really needs some water, I think that we forgot! The flower’s in the shade, but it needs to see the Sun,

I can’t understand flowers that don’t smell… they make no scents!

Come on, let’s look after it, you know it will be fun.” Riley sprinkles water and says: “Here you go, That should perk you [10] __________, and the Sun will help you grow.” Now I’m a happy sunflower sitting in a pot, I get lots of water and the Sun is bright and [5] __________. My stem is [8] __________ and strong and my head is lifted high, The bees buzz by to visit and my soil is never dry. I’m a happy sunflower, I like to grow and grow, I’m making lots of seeds, it will soon be time to sow.

whizzpopbang.com 15

b... clu O C E

Emmi's

Bring kitchen leftovers to life by growing them into a new crop that is ready to eat in just a couple of weeks!

GROW YOUR OWN FOOD You will need: • An empty, clean juice, milk or soup car ton • A lettuce, such as romaine, cos or oakleaf (not a round or iceberg lettuce)

• • • • • •

Scissors Chopping board Sharp knife Ruler Pen Felt-tip pens or paint

1 First, make the container for your lettuce. Measure 8 cm up from the bottom of your carton and draw a line all the way around. Use scissors to cut along the line (you may need an adult to help you). Discard the top part – it can be recycled!

3 Fold over the top edge of the container so you can see the foil on the outside. Now decorate the rest of your plant pot using felt-tip pens or paint.

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Soak the carton in soapy water for about a minute and then peel off the outer layer, leaving behind the card layer underneath.

e. Measure It’s time to cut your lettuc bottom and chop about 6 cm up from the to eat). the leaves off (keep them

Continued on page 21 ➜

PULLOUT GARDENING

PULL OUT PAGES 17-20 AND GET MAKING!

ROUND THE GARDEN GAME The aim of the game is to collect as many cards as you can. But look out for slugs – they will slip you up!

FLOWER

Rose

Archaeologists have discovered rose fossils that date back 35 million years. HERB

Chives

Chives are part of the onion family and contain lots of vitamins and minerals.

Apple tree

TREE

A single apple tree can produce 10,000-15,000 apples over its lifetime.

Daffodil

FLOWER

Lily

When cut, daffodil stems release mucilage (slime), which can kill some other types of flowers if they share a vase.

Mint

HERB

For hundreds of years, the wood from pear trees has been used to make kitchen spoons as it doesn’t warp or splinter.

Lilies are very poisonous to cats.

Bees love lavender flowers but they contain compounds (called terpenes) that repel flies and moths!

HERB

Basil has been found in Egyptian tombs because it was used during mummification.

In ancient Greece, mint was rubbed on tables to welcome visitors.

P ear tree

Basil

TREE

Lavender

FLOWER

Oregano

Oregano is a strong antiseptic and can even work against some antibiotic-resistant types of bacteria.

P lum tree

TREE

Plums can grow in many colours, including purple, red, yellow, green and white.

Cherry tree

TREE

Most cherry trees live for 15-30 years, but black cherry trees can live much longer – the oldest is about 2,000 years old.

whizzpopbang.com 17

What you do: 1. Cut out the cards below and on page 19, turn them all face down on a table and mix them up. 2. The youngest player goes first and play moves clockwise. 3. When it’s your turn, turn over a card, leaving it where it is until you have finished your turn. 4. Keep turning over cards until you decide to stop, or until you turn over a slug card. If you decide to stop and you haven’t turned over a slug card, you can pick up and keep cards of one set only (with the same colour border). Turn the rest back over.

ga r d e n

Rou

nd th

ga r d e n

Rou

nd th

ga r d e n

nd th

ga r d e n

Rou

nd th

ga r d e n

Rou

nd th

ga r d e n

Rou

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ga r d e n

Rou

ga r d e n

nd th

Rou

What do you call an apple that plays the trumpet? A tooty fruity!

ga r d e n

nd th

Rou

nd th

6. Once all the cards have been collected (except for slug cards), add up each player’s points. You get one point for each card plus two extra points for any complete sets of four cards. The winner is the person with the most points!

ga r d e n

Rou

nd th

Rou

5. If you turn over a slug card, you lose all the cards you have turned over in that round. Turn them back over, and that’s the end of your turn.

ga r d e n

What comes next in each sequence? Draw your answers into the boxes and check them on page 34.

C o u r ge t t e

VEGETABLE

A courgette contains more potassium than a banana.

Strawberry

FRUIT

Strawberries contain more vitamin C than oranges.

P eas

After eating beetroot, some people’s wee turns pink! This only happens to about 14% of people who eat it.

Raspberry

FRUIT

Gooseberry

A raspberry isn’t a single fruit but a cluster of about 100 tiny fruits called drupelets. Each drupelet contains a seed.

FRUIT

In the 19th century, gooseberries were so popular in the UK that there were lots of ‘gooseberry clubs’.

SLUG

Slugs have a single lung and a pore (hole) to breathe through.

VEGETABLE

Beetroot

On average, everyone in the UK eats nearly 9,000 peas per year.

SLUG

Slugs are hermaphrodites, which means they are both male and female.

VEGETABLE

SLUG

A slug could crawl over the edge of a razor blade and not be cut.

VEGETABLE

Cauliflower

A white cauliflower head is made up of lots of tightly packed flower buds, also known as curds.

Blackcurrant

FRUIT

During World War II, blackcurrant syrup was given out free to children because blackcurrants are packed with vitamin C.

SLUG

Slugs’ eggs can survive for several years until the conditions are right for them to hatch.

whizzpopbang.com 19

2. I am a fruit that comes from a tree, My name sounds like there might be two of me. What am I?

Riddles Check your answers on page 34.

1. I can be black, red or green and I grow on a vine, I’m dried to make raisins or squeezed to make wine. What am I?

ga r d e n

nd th

ga r d e n

Rou

nd th

ga r d e n

Rou

nd th

ga r d e n

Rou

nd th

Rou

nd th

Rou

ga r d e n

Rou

20 whizzpopbang.com

ga r d e n

nd th

ga r d e n

nd th

Rou

ga r d e n

nd th

Rou

nd th

ga r d e n

Rou

nd th

Rou

3. You throw away the outside and cook the inside, Then you eat the outside and throw away the inside. What am I?

4. You can cut me, chop me, dice me and slice me, But if you’re not careful, you will surely cry over me. What am I?

ga r d e n

I’d love to see your growing project! Take a photo and ask an adult to tag us on social media @whizzpopbangmag and email it to Y@whizzpopbang.com

lettuce inside Put the end of the d fill it with water your plant pot an quarters full. up to about three Put the pot on a sunny windowsill. In a couple of days, you should see it start to sprout new leaves. Make sure you check it regularly and refresh the water every few days.

Harvest the baby er leaves aft 5 -1 about 10 days.

Tip: It’s importan t to make sure the leaves get en ough sunlight, oth erwise they might taste bitter.

ECO

ideas...

You can also grow other vegetable scraps, such as spring onions and celery. Simply chop off the root ends and put them in water or plant them in compost. If you have any potted fresh herbs from the supermarket, plant them in a larger pot and water them regularly and they will keep growing!

Continued from page 16

Photos @ Jenna

Williams

It’s up to us to save the planet. Lots of small actions can make a BIG difference! Vegetables that you grow don’t have any food miles. Food miles are how far your food has travelled before it gets to your plate. Having fewer food miles is better for the environment. When you go shopping, choose vegetables that are not wrapped in plastic as this is hard to recycle.

whizzpopbang.com 21

➜

Interview with a SCIENCE HERO

In my job I get to... nt Photograph

enjoy the great outdoors!

Danny Clarke is a garden designer and TV presenter who is passionate about green spaces and creating gardens for people of all ages to enjoy.

“

Danny Garden designer Clarke and TV presente r

“

”

I was very sporty and from a young age I wanted to be a professional cricketer or football player. I was always outside in nature, climbing trees and riding my bike. One day, my friends and I decided to make a cricket pitch. We cut the grass with a lawn mower and shears to get it really short and used a rusty old roller to flatten the pitch. I got a lot of satisfaction from it. My dad was in the army so we travelled around from place to place, and if we had a garden, my parents would ask me to tidy it up.

When I had my first garden, I didn’t really know a plant from a weed.

”

I found being outside peaceful though and I slowly developed a love for gardening. After I left school, I was contacted by a lady who asked me if I would work in her garden one day a week. She was very knowledgeable about gardening and changed how I thought about outdoor spaces. I then pursued a career in horticulture and studied garden design before setting up my own garden design company. One day, I was contacted by a TV production company and I’ve been working on gardening television programmes ever since.

I got the gardening bug as a child.

Horticulturists combine their understanding of plant science with practical gardening skills.

We need to enjoy nature and all it has to offer.

”

Photography

22 whizzpopbang.com

Go outside and embrace nature! Get up close and personal with trees, get your hands in the soil. Enjoy the feeling of going barefoot on the grass or the rain falling on your hair and the wind in your face. There is beauty in everything if you choose to find it. Even if the sky is grey or it’s windy or pouring with rain, it is still a beautiful day. It just depends how you look at it!

Planting a tree at the Young in Derbyshire.

People’s Forest

ock

Interview with a SCIENCE HERO

“

”

Ponds attract all kinds of creatures, like frogs, beetles, hedgehogs, ladybirds and hoverflies. Trees are brilliant because they draw down carbon from the atmosphere and lock it in the soil. It breaks the soil down and helps change its structure. In the atmosphere, carbon contributes to global warming, but trees are amazing because they draw the carbon back down to the soil. The more trees we have in gardens the better – and they provide homes for insects and wildlife too.

Even if you don’t have a tdoor garden, there are lots of ou spaces to enjoy.

”

aces like community We all have access to sp s of parks to enjoy. gardens, and there are lot le together, which is so These spaces bring peop ive effect on the way important and has a posit it gardens that are we feel. You can also vis online and find open to the public. Look n group to join. If you a local community garde ure, just go out into are interested in horticult ce them. Gardening open spaces and experien rest of your life. will stay with you for the

planet.

The best two things to put in a garden to attract wildlife are a pond and trees.

“

”

Strawberries are so easy to grow. You can plant them on open land or grow them in a pot or hanging basket. Pick them and eat them as soon as they are ripe – they are so fresh. Tomatoes are also easy to grow, and you can even grow them indoors.

Danny enjoys growing his ow n fru

“

it and vegetables.

Some plants are great natural remedies.

”

The smell of lavender is wonderful. Lavender oil in the bath will make you feel relaxed and help you sleep. Rosem ary sharpens your memory. Peppermint is a great plant because it relieves stomach ache an d can stop you feeling sick. All these plants give us so much because they help to make us fee l better – and gardening itself is good for the mind as well as the body.

Scientific studies have found that lavender can reduce anxiety and improve sleep. Rosemary has been shown to improve memory, and peppermint can help with indigestion, nausea and flatulence (farting!)

Find out more about xxxxxx

Trees are important for our

“

Growing fruits and vegetables is so satisfying!

HOW STUFF

WORKS 1 2

Compost Compost is the crumbly, dark soil-like material that gardeners use to feed plants they grow. It is made by recycling natural plant matter using a speeded up and controlled version of a natural process called biodegradation (also known as rotting!).

Compost is usually made in a plastic compost bin, but some gardeners use wooden boards to make a simple compost heap.

Waste plant materials such as vegetable

peelings, fruit waste, coffee grounds, teabags (the plastic-free ones), plant clippings and grass cuttings are added to the compost bin. You should never add meat or dairy products, or dog poo or cat litter.

Brown materials, such as cardboard egg boxes, eggshells, scrunched-up paper, sawdust and fallen leaves can also be added to the mix. These provide extra fibre and carbon and allow air pockets to form in the mixture, which helps the composting process.

In the first few days, during the initiation phase, natural microorganisms like bacteria and fungi get to work breaking everything down. One of the by-products of this process is heat, so the compost starts to warm up, reaching 40 ˚C in the middle of the pile.

As the temperature rises, only specialist thermophilic (heat-loving) microbes can survive. In this thermophilic phase, these super-tough bacteria and fungi break down all the complex structures of the plant matter, including cell walls, proteins and carbohydrates. When the temperature reaches 70 ˚C, any dangerous bacteria and seeds are destroyed (so the compost will be safe to add to garden soil).

24 whizzpopbang.com

You might see lots of small red or orange worms in your compost. They are known as brandling or tiger worms. They live in decaying organic matter, unlike earthworms which live in soil, and help to break it down into compost. How many worms can you see in this compost heap? Write your answer here and check it on page 34.

To prevent the temperatures getting too high and killing the useful microbes, gardeners turn the compost with a fork, letting out some of the heat and letting in air (containing oxygen, which these microbes need to survive).

After a few months, the microbes in the compost have eaten their way through all the plant matter and the temperature begins to fall. In this maturation phase, which lasts for several months, the composting process is completed, leaving the rich, black material ready to be spread on the garden.

Compost bins usually have a door or flap at the bottom so the compost can be removed once it’s ready.

When spread onto the garden, the compost provides lots of useful nutrients for growing plants, including the essential minerals nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

whizzpopbang.com 25

g... in z a m A ly e m o s e w A 0 1

T D N U O R A GARDENS e, tops to plants in spac From sk yscraper roof s! en remarkable gard take a look at these

The Step Garden in Fukuoka, Japan, looks like a giant green mountain! Around 37,000 plants were used to create this rooftop garden that runs down the sides of the building like a waterfall.

Cosmology (the study of the universe) was the inspiration for the

Garden of Cosmic Speculation

in Scotland, which includes sculptures, curved terraces, lakes, mounds and themes such as black holes.

It’s not just planet Earth that’s home to some amazing gardens, astronauts are growing flowers, fruits and vegetables in a special space garden on board the International Space Station!

One Central Park in Sydney,

Australia, is a high-rise building complete with vertical hanging gardens and a water recycling system. More than 35,000 plants were used to create the gardens.

26 whizzpopbang.com

The Huntington Desert Garden in California has one of the world’s largest and oldest collections of desert plants, including cacti and succulent plants that hold water to keep them alive in droughts.

D L R O W E H DT

(AND BE YOND!)

Green plants wind around the Waldspirale (meaning ‘forest spiral’) in Darmstadt, Germany, and trees appear out of windows! The diagonal roof has been planted with trees, grasses, shrubs and flowers.

7 8

The Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden in Norway is the world’s northernmost botanical garden. It has Arctic, Antarctic and alpine plants from every continent, including some that can survive in harsh weather like snow and frosts.

Over 1.5 million plants from all over the world make up the Gardens by the Bay in Singapore. This 250-acre garden includes a flower dome, cloud forest and ‘supertrees’ that light up at night.

For years, the Lost Gardens of Heligan in Cornwall lay hidden under

weeds and brambles, but now the gardens have been restored to their former glory, complete with a giant’s head!

On top of New York’s famous Rockefeller Center are some hidden rooftop gardens that were built in the 1930s. Surrounded by towering skyscrapers, these green spaces include hedges, lawns and even a pool.

© 1. Noa_80 / Shutterstock.com, 2. NASA, 3. Flexdream / Wikimedia Commons, 4. gloria_euyoque / Wikimedia Commons, 5. SAKARET / Shutterstock.com, 6. Scotshot / Shutterstock.com, 7. YuriiT / Shutterstock.com, 8. Willman Jauri / Shutterstock.com 9. Paolo Trovo / Shutterstock.com, 10. Jwilly77 / Wikimedia Commons.

whizzpopbang.com 27

Sensational Scientists

by Kate Powell

BEATRIX POTTER Beatrix grew up in a wealthy family with her younger brother Bertram. Her parents were interested in art and nature and encouraged their children to observe the world and draw what they saw. Beatrix and Bertram used to sneak all sorts of animals into the house to draw and keep as pets, including hedgehogs, squirrels, rabbits, frogs, newts and bats!

You might have read The Tale of Peter Rabbit, or one of her other stories, but did you know that Beatrix Potter was a scientist as well as an author and illustrator?

BE AT RI X POTT ER WA S BORN IN LONDON , ENGL AN D, IN 18 66.

©A / W rmitt ikim Mus e edi a C um an om mo d Libr ary ns

Beatrix’s pictures of them were very realistic. She looked at how they moved and even studied their skeletons after they died.

ert Museum, London

Beatrix also filled her sketchbooks with pictures and information about things from the natural world that she collected on holiday in Scotland: birds’ eggs, insects, ferns, shells, rocks and fossils. At home she organised and labelled her collections.

l Trust Im

ages

She was curious about the unusual shapes and colours of wild mushrooms and began to paint and study them. She didn’t know much at first, so she described fungi by their smell; for example, “exactly like a dead sheep”! But with the guidance of an expert and family friend, she learned to identify and illustrate over 350 fungi. Her paintings are so accurate that other people have used them to identify different species.

Be a Beatrix and have a go at a botanical drawing. Choose something from nature: a leaf, a flower, a fruit or a seed pod. Look at its colours, texture, shape, size and proportions. You could use a ruler to measure its different parts and a Beatrix used a microscope to examine magnifying glass to study it mushroom spores (tiny reproductive cells) in detail. Try to copy it as and then successfully grew her own mushrooms. accurately as possible. This got her thinking about how fungi germinate and reproduce. She shared her ideas with her uncle, the scientist Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe. He introduced her to experts at Kew Gardens, but most of them had no time for an amateur – especially a woman. In Victorian times, women were rarely taken seriously as scientists. Sir Henry encouraged her to write a scientific paper which was presented to the Linnean Society of natural history in 1897.

ages

l Trust Im

Beatrix later turned to writing and illustrating stories and, later still, to farming and conservation in the Lake District. When she died in 1943, she left her land and several farms to the National Trust. She also left behind her nature paintings and her famous tales of Mrs Tiggy-Winkle, Squirrel Nutkin, Jeremy Fisher, Peter Rabbit and others for us all to enjoy.

cribed to a Beatrix’s family subs e They read science magazine. Gossip’ ‘Hardwicke’s Science icles about which published art sils to snakes. everything from fos and see how You can have a look Pop Bang it compares to Whizz here: bit.ly/3vRufzP

If you’d like to see Beatrix’s drawings for yourself, you can visit the exhibition, Beatrix Potter: Drawn to Nature at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 12 February 2022–8 January 2023.

whizzpopbang.com 29

Email me at Y@whizzpopbang.com

der Club! Welcome to Y’s Won to share your This page is for you with our adventures in science hizz Pop Bang robot, Y, and other W atured on readers! Everyone fe an this page will receive e! enamel pin badg

AS K Y, Why are

cats afraid of cucumb er

From Benji, aged 10

F oR

CURIoUS K I DS

I’ve seen those video s, too, Benji! Cats are always alert to danger and on ly eat when they fee l safe. If a cucumber mysterio usly appears in their sightline, they leap up and aw ay in a startle resp onse – escaping the threat as quickly as possible. M aybe it’s because cucumbe rs look a bit like snak es, but the same happens if you use an apple! In fact, if you put a cucumber in fro nt of a cat, you’ll prob ably get no reaction – becaus e it’s all down to the element of surprise. (Please do n’t test this on your cat – it’s not very kind to scar e them!)

We loved seeing your water cycles in a jar from Wild Weather (issue 79).

Lily, aged 8, did this amazing drawing of herself with all the Whizz Pop Bang friends.

Elizabeth, aged 5

Archie, aged 8

Y’s Wonder Club Badges Help local wildlife to earn your Wildlife Watcher badge.

Investigate scientific questions to earn your Super Scientist badge.

Collectable enamel badges for you to earn! Help save the planet to earn your Eco Hero badge.

DE AR Y, Why does space have no air or gravity?

From Harvey, aged 12

S TA R R L ET T E

e You’vhis t won k! boo

Let’s think of this from an Earthling’s perspective, Harvey. Earth’s atmosphere exists because gravity is pulling gas molecules towards it – that’s what makes the air. The pull gets weaker as you move further away from the surface, so the atmosphere becomes thinner and thinner as you go upwards… until it’s so thin, we call it space. Earth has gravity because it has mass – the enormous amount of stuff it’s made from. There is not enough mass in space to make gravity – there’s just widely spaced gas molecules and dust… until you reach something big enough to make its own gravity, like the Moon.

You have all been

busy making your weather stations from Issue 79. Thank you for sending in your pictures. Here are a few examples...

Connie, aged 9

Lucy, aged 6

Jay, aged 6

Henry, aged 10

Hannah, aged 8

H I, Y !

Where do tear come from and why do s we cry?

From Meghan, aged 8

Tears are made in th e lacrimal glands , just above your eyes. They are antisep tic and help to keep your eyes clean and comfortable. Scien tists think that hum ans are the only creatures who m ake tears in response to feelings – pain, happiness, upse t, anger, excitement or sympathy. Our tears show othe r people we need help or that we feel sorry for them. They are an important part of making human connections , which is why we ne ver grow out of crying. Strangely, Meg han, some people ne ver cry, and scientists are only ju st starting to explore why that is.

Get problem solving to earn your Epic Engineer badge.

Write a report or a review to earn your Science Reporter badge.

7, William, aged g in ak m d ve lo er an anemomet g n ri su and mea e th st fa how wind was.

Send your experiments, ideas, photos, reviews and questions to Y@whizzpopbang.com or Y, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Don’t forget to include your name, age and address. We can’t return any post, sorry.

To find out how to earn your badges, go to whizzpopbang.com/wonder-club. Schools can get involved too! Find out how here: bit.ly/39xNQ Q qV

whizzpopbang.com 31

How much can you remember from this issue?

um/ Test your m g to dad/pet slu

Test your knowledge with our super-duper quiz. Just tick the answers you think are correct, mark them using the answers on page 34 and then add up your score. If you need some help, check out the hints at the bottom of the page.

see what they know!

What do most ell of? sunflowers sm ume

a) A lovely perf

What happens to about 14% of people after eating beetroot? a) They get the giggles

ish b) Rotting rubb

hey sneeze a lot b) T

c) Nothing

c) Their wee turns pink

How fast can wasps fly?

a) Up to 2 mph

What is it called when a seed starts to sprout?

p to 20 mph b) U

a) Pollination

p to 200 mph c) U

b) G ermination c) Rootination

In a worldwide survey, which smell did people like best? a) Vanilla

What is the world’s largest slug species?

b) Fruit

iger slug c) T

What are the Bay in Gardens by the s for? Singapore famou rtrees’ that light

a) ‘Supe up at night

that can b) Alpine plants frost survive snow and collection of c) A

a) Leopard slug b) Lion slug

c) Sweaty feet

I used to have a business clearing up gardens… I was raking it in!

cacti

What do food miles measure? a) How far you can run after eating a meal

b) H ow far your food has

travelled before it gets to your plate

c) How far you can throw a custard pie

Need a hint? Find the answers by reading these pages… 1) Page 14 2) Page 19 3) Page 36 4) Page 6 5) Page 4 6) Page 12 7) Page 27 8) Page 21

Answers on page 34.

I scored: .......... 1-3: Super seedling! 4-6: Growing strong! 7-8: Green-fingered genius!

To be in with a chance of winning a brilliant bird game, we want you to draw your dream treehouse! It could be big enough to fit in all your family and friends or a tiny hideaway just for you. Here are a few ideas to get you started!

! IN

Design a treehouse

Bird Bingo game This beautiful bingo game from laurenceking.com features 64 species of birds from around the world. There are familiar favourites like the robin and puffin, and wonderful exotic birds, such as the kookaburra and the fairywren! The game includes 64 illustrated bingo chips, a board, 12 bingo cards, counters for you to mark up your card, and a leaflet containing some quirky facts about all the birds featured.

WINNERS Issue 81 competition winners Thank you to everyone who entered our Easter crossword competition. The answer to the joke ‘What do baby rabbits play at school?’ was hop-scotch! These six lucky winners will each receive a Sea-Monkeys kit from sea-monkeys.com: Poppy Hammond-Collins, 6 Hirundee Wipulasuriya, 10 Gabriella Walker, 9

Jack Kelly, 11 Holly McCloud, 7 Joshua and Thomas Copas, 8 and 6

Send a photo of your creation to win@whizzpopbang.com with ‘Treehouse competition’ as the subject of your email. Alternatively, post your picture to Treehouse competition, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Please don’t forget to include your name, age and address. Deadline: July 8th 2022. UK residents only. Full terms and conditions available at whizzpopbang.com.

whizzpopbang.com 33

JOKES

Did you know there’s a country where everyone drives the same colour vehicle? It’s a red car nation!

What kind of jewellery do r? vegetables wea Onion rings!

What do you call two rows of vegetables ? A dual cabbage way!

he How did t nd me gardener ? his jeans With a patch! vegetable

What did the gardener say when she planted the wrong flowers? Oopsie daisy!

Page 7 – True/Untrue

Page 10 – True/Untrue

UNTRUE: The biggest peas are around the size of normal-sized marbles.

TRUE: Soil only formed once living things existed and moved onto the land.

Page 8 – Butterflies puzzle

Page 13 – True/Untrue TRUE: Slugs have around 27,000 teeth, which they use to bite and chew their food. This is nearly ten times as many as whale sharks, which have the most teeth of any shark species, and 100 times as many as most sharks.

Page 9 – Seeds puzzle

Page 13 – Word change puzzle

Apple

The words between CROP and SLUG are: CLOP → CLAP → CLAM → SLAM → SLUM → PLUM → PLUG

Beetroot Poppy Sunflower Pepper Melon Page 10 – Dirt dwellers These are the names of the living things: Centipede Nematode worm Earthworm Soil mites Earwig Springtail Fungi Woodlouse Millipede

Page 14 – Fun in the Sun poem The missing words are: 1) Hard 2) Can’t 3) Start 4) Love 5) Hot 6) Weak 7) Short 8) Tall 9) Low 10) Down Page 15 – Sunflower maze One route through the maze.

What do you ge you cross a t when pota with an onion to ? A potato wit h watery eyes!

Answers Page 19 – Sequences puzzle a)

Page 20 – Riddles 1) Grapes. 2) A pear. 3) Corn on the cob. You throw away the leaves, cook the rest, eat the kernels and throw away the cob. 4) An onion. Page 25 – Worms puzzle There are 22 worms in the compost heap. Page 32 – Quiz 1) c 2) c 3) b 4) b 5) a 6) a 7) a 8) b

R A L U C A T C E SP

e c n e i c s

Living wall This amazing vertical garden in the heart of Paris, France, was created using 7,600 plants! They are covering what was previously a bare concrete wall. But the plants are not just a beautiful sight; they help to keep the building cooler in hot weather and warmer in cold weather, which cuts down on energy use. The wall also improves air quality by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, and by trapping pollution. And it increases biodiversity, giving a home to insects and a resting place for birds! © Alison Hancock / Shutterstock.com

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