Whizz Pop Bang Science Magazine for Kids! Issue 85: GOING PLACES! by Whizz Pop Bang

ISSN 2399 -2840

THE AWESOME SCIENCE MAGAZINE FOR KIDS!

Test a paper plane with a launcher

10 ameayzs itnog jou r n sc h oo l Craft your own travel bag

G N I O G

BUIL D A WIND-P OW E RE D C AR

How transport helps us get around

Disco v the e er t ra n s c o po of t h e r t futur e! WHIZZPOPBANG.COM ISSUE 85

EXPERIMENTS PUZZLES AMAZING FACTS SCIENCE NEWS

WELCOME!

We’re on a journey to find out about travel!

Riley

WHIZZ POP BANG is made by:

Are you going away this summ er? A trip to the seaside? A city break maybe? Transport take s us to places we couldn’t ea sily reach on foot, but it often co mes at a high environmental cost. In this edition of Whizz Pop Bang , we’re looking at transport of the past, present and future – fro m horseback to eco-friendly airships! You can also have a go at levitating your Lego®, making a flying chopstick copter and experim enting with a wind-powered ca r. Away we go!

Editor-in-Chief: Jenny Inglis Editor: Tammy Osborne Assistant Editor: Tara Pardo Designers: Rachael Fisher and Simon Oliver Illustrator: Clive Goodyer Staff writer: Joanna Tubbs Contributors: Esther Barron, Sarah Bearchell, Anna Claybourne, Joe Inglis, Owen Inglis, Kate Powell and Kirsty Williams

EXPERT SCIENCE ADVISERS

As well as our writers, we also have a team of science advisers who help to ensure that our content is accurate, up-to-date and relevant. Our advisers include: palaeontologist Steve Brusatte; molecular microbiologist Matt Hutchings; robotics engineer Abbie Hutty; mechanical engineer Amiee Morgans; GP Dr Cathy Scott; astronomer Mark Thompson; physicist Dr Jess Wade; child psychologist Dr Naira Wilson. To find out more, go to whizzpopbang.com/about

I’ve been launching a whizzy paper plane! Where you see this symbol, use a QR code reader on a phone or tablet to visit a relevant web page.

Emmi

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WHIZZ POP BANG is only available by subscription. If you haven’t subscribed yet, simply go to whizzpopbang.com and sign up for as little as £3.99 per magazine, including UK delivery. Back issues are available to purchase at whizzpopbang.com/shop With the help of Whizz Pop Bang magazine, just imagine what your child might one day discover!

GROWN-UPS

EDUCATORS

Welcome to WHIZZ POP BANG – the magazine bursting with enticing articles, mind-boggling facts and hands-on experiments to get your child hooked on science! Whizz Pop Bang is a gender-neutral magazine with plenty of inspirational male and female scientists and content that appeals to all children.

The magazine is ideal for home educators and it’s linked to the national curriculum too, for use in schools. Whizz Pop Bang will help with literacy development as well. Transform science teaching in your school with our hands-on science and reading resources. Our downloadable lesson packs link fun science experiments and reading with key curriculum topics for years 2-6. Subscribe at whizzpopbang.com/schools

All experiments have been tried and tested by our team. The activities should be done under close adult supervision and are done at your own risk. Launchpad Publishing Ltd cannot accept liability for damage done.

Indicates content linked to the National Curriculum

Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ Printed in the UK by The Magazine Printing Company using only paper from FSC/PEFC suppliers www.magprint.co.uk

© 2022 Launchpad Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents of WHIZZ POP BANG without written permission is prohibited. Illustrations: © 2022 Clive Goodyer

CONTENTS

AWESOME NEWS AND AMAZING FACTS

Rubbish-eating robots, how the giraffe got its long neck, and a recipe for carbon capture.

GOING PLACES!

Build a wind-powered car, car levitate some Lego® and make a flying chopstick copter!

ANIMAL ANTICS

We’re galloping away with horses, the animals that changed how humans got around.

SILLY SCIENCE

Race across town by train, bus, car or bike in our Beep Beep board game! game

EMMI’S ECO CLUB

Use an old pair of jeans to make a brilliant bag to take on your travels!

14 Sh ut te rst oc k

PULLOUT

Experiment with a paper plane and launcher, launcher then solve an aeroplane puzzle and some riddles.

INTERVIEW WITH A SCIENCE HERO

Find out about the future of flying from helicopter engineer Simone Weber.

HOW STUFF WORKS

How do helicopters stay in the sky? Take a look at these hovering flying machines.

TEN AWESOMELY AMAZING…

…ways to get to school, school from hanging bridges and ladders to boats and donkeys!

28 © A f fe

h ndy Soeto / S

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SENSATIONAL SCIENTISTS

The era of human flight took off when the Montgolfier brothers invented the hot-air balloon.

Y’S WONDER CLUB

Ask our robot, Y, your burning science questions and share all of your adventures in science with the club.

QUIZ POP BANG AND COMPETITION I’d love to see pictures of your knowledge with our super-duper 32 Test your experiments! Send them to science quiz and win a rubber band racers kit! Y@whizzpopbang.com and ask an adult to tag us on social media JOKES AND ANSWERS out loud at some awesome jokes and find the 34 Laugh @whizzpopbangmag answers to all of our quizzes, puzzles and riddles.

SPECTACULAR SCIENCE

See the Sun-powered car leading the way to fuel-free travel.

FIND THE SCIENCE EQUIPMENT Hidden on each double page is a piece of science equipment. Tick each one to find the complete kit!

s Awesome New cts and Amazing Fa

TURNING CARBON INTO CAKES

HOW THE GIRAFFE GOT ITS NECK

4 whizzpopbang.com

The UK’s largest carbon capture project, which has opened in Northwich, Cheshire, will recycle the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, turning it into sodium bicarbonate – also known as baking soda. The project is on track to capture about 36,000 tonnes per year (about 10%) of the carbon dioxide produced by a gas-fired power plant. As well as baking ingredients, the sodium bicarbonate will be used in medicines and medical treatments.

You might have been taught that giraffes evolved their long necks so that they could reach the leaves too high up for other animals. But new research suggests that it might have had more to do with attracting and winning a mate. Scientists in China have been studying the fossilised remains of a prehistoric relative of the giraffe. Discokeryx xiezhi is named after a mythical unicorn-like creature from a Chinese legend (which may have been made up after people discovered similar fossils long ago). It had a helmet-like structure on top of its head and complex neck bones adapted for headbutting other males and impressing females. The researchers think that fighting using heads and necks would have led to giraffes’ ancestors’ necks evolving to become longer over time.

Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere when we burn fossil fuels. It acts like a greenhouse, trapping heat and making the Earth warmer.

Carbon capture is one of the technologies being developed to tackle the climate crisis. It can help to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but it’s still not enough – we have to stop producing greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels. Why not write to your MP to ask what they’re doing to help? Find your MP here:

bit.ly/3bHtXUf

RUBBISH-EATING ROBOT FISH

ALIENS ARE REAL, SAYS NASA BOSS

PHOTO!

NASA has released an awesome photo showing the International Space Station (ISS) passing in front of the Sun. The ISS orbits the Earth once every 90 minutes, so while this isn’t an unusual occurrence, capturing it in a photograph like this isn’t easy. Athough they might look close together in the photo, the ISS is only 400 km from Earth, whereas the Sun is 150 million km away!

whizzpopbang.com 5

DAZZLING

James Webb Space Telescope

CHECK OUT THIS

Bill Nelson, former astronaut and administrator of NASA, has said he believes that extra-terrestrial life (AKA aliens!) does exist somewhere in the universe. “Look how big the universe is,” he said at a recent conference. “We know that we have in our galaxy, millions, if not billions of suns. And we know that in addition to our galaxy, there are millions, if not billions, of galaxies with millions, or billions, of suns… Now is there a possibility in a universe that big that conditions like the Earth have been created? Of course, there is that possibility.” He added that the James Webb Space Telescope, which launched last year, could help scientists to find planets where alien lifeforms might have evolved.

Scientists have invented robot fish that can travel through water absorbing microplastics so they can’t harm real fish. The flexible robots are just 1.3 cm long. As the fish move about, particles of microplastic become attached to their surface. They can even fix themselves if they get damaged.

Microplastics are tiny fragments created when plastic rubbish breaks down in the ocean. They harm the environment as well as human health, and they’re very hard to get rid of.

By A

Clayb rne ou

GOING PLACES!

a nn

Whether you’re going to school, tennis or band practice, going to the shops or going on holiday, you need some way of getting from A to B. What kinds of transport do you use the most? Here are some of the many modes of transport. Which of these have you used?

of any other Can you th in k t arou nd? ways you’ve go

When was it invented? Draw a line to link the invention with the date. Check your answers on page 34.

Transport and the planet Things like cars, trains and planes are amazing inventions. They’ve helped us travel much further and faster than people used to long ago. In prehistoric times, most people didn’t travel very far from their home – and if they did, they usually had to walk!

That’s why we invented shoes!

Hot-air balloon

Around 120 years ago

Boat

Around 140 years ago

Motor car

Around 220 years ago

Aeroplane

Around 240 years ago

Train

Around 5,500 years ago

Wheel

At least 10,000 years ago (and possibly over 100,000 years ago!)

But there’s a problem. Some modes of transport, especially planes and cars, work by burning fossil fuels, releasing pollution into the air.

How cars work

Fuel tank full of petrol or diesel fuel

Engine burns fuel to make crankshaft rotate

Gears make the car go at different speeds

W t

Polluting

exhaust

gases

Crankshaft makes 6 whizzpopbang.com

the wheels turn

Use less fuel!

As well as being bad for us when we breathe it in, car exhaust also contains

greenhouse gases

which trap heat, warming the Earth and adding to the climate crisis.

I’m getting too hot!

Fuel-burning car engines make pollution that’s bad for our planet.

We can reduce this harmful pollution by using cars less. If you have a petrol or diesel car, you could… • walk, cycle or take the bus or train instead, if you can. • give other people lifts, so only one car gets used. • avoid busy traffic and busy times of day, so your journey is quicker.

How do bees travel? On the buzz!

Fuel-free transport But there is another way! Instead of fuel, we can power cars with electricity using a rechargeable battery instead of an engine. Today, more and more cars are electric, and we have lots of electric buses and trains too. The electricity comes from power stations. Some power stations use fuel to make electricity, so they still create pollution. But by switching to renewable power stations, which make electricity using renewable sources like wind and sunshine, we can make transport pollution-free. Inventors have also come up with cars powered by

Build a wind-powered car You will need: • A shallow cardboard box or lid (e.g. a chocolate box) • Two paper drinking straws • Two wooden skewers • Two lolly sticks

• Four round plastic lids (e.g. milk carton lids) of the same size • Sticky tape • Sharp scissors • A sheet of paper or thin card

What you do:

solar panels (see page 35)

There’s even

Formula E motor racing for super-speedy electric cars

1. Tape the straws to the ends of the box, then slide the skewers through the straws. 2. Ask an adult to make a small hole in the middle of each plastic lid, using the scissors. 3. Push the lids onto the ends of the skewers to make wheels. 4. Tape the lolly sticks to the sides of the box, sticking up like this.

Wind can power transport too. Sailing ships used it long ago… …and so does this beach buggy

5. Curve your paper or card and tape it to the two sticks to make a sail. 6. You can now make your car go by taking it outside on a windy day, blowing at the sail or asking an adult if you can use a hairdryer or fan.

Up in the air Hundreds of years ago, humans dreamed of being able to fly like birds – and now we can!

Hot-air balloons were the first flying machines, invented in the late 1700s

The first planes took to the skies in the early 1900s

Up, up and away!

What do you call a flying monkey? A hot-air baboon!

Running on rails

Planes can have pedals

Electric cables

Trains are a brilliant way of getting around. As they run on their own rails, they don’t get stuck in traffic jams and can go really fast. Trains used to burn fuel, but today most run on electricity supplied through the rails or overhead cables, so they’re much better for the environment than planes or cars.

The world’s fastest commercial passenger train, the Shanghai Maglev, zooms along at up to 430 km/h – that’s more than three times the speed a car goes at on a motorway!

Maglev trains hover or levitate in the air!

Maglev train

No wheels, no problem!

The fastest trains don’t have wheels! You know how two magnets can sometimes push each other away? Maglev trains use this pushing force to levitate (float above the ground), so they can zip along smoothly without touching the track at all. The lack of friction between the train and the track allows them to go faster than other trains.

Magnetic track

Maglev magic Build a simple train shape.

If you have some strong magnets and some plastic building blocks, try this!

…and a levitating dock that the train fits into, like this.

8 whizzpopbang.com

Work out which way round your magnets repel (push against) each other. Use sticky tack or tape to attach some magnets underneath your train and others to the base of the dock.

When you put the train in the dock, it should levitate!

Today, people jet all over the world. At any one time, there are around 10,000 planes in the sky – and sometimes twice that many!

But modern passenger planes have big jet engines that burn lots of fuel. That means flying is adding to greenhouse gases and causing global warming. Scientists are working on electric planes, solar-powered planes and planes that use hydrogen fuel, which aren’t as bad for the environment. In the future, we could be flying around in these!

Electric plane Solar plane

What happens if you wear a watch on a plane? Time flies!

Hydrogen plane

People power! So, what’s the greenest, least polluting way to travel? It’s going on foot or by bike, using your own energy! Walking and cycling give you healthy exercise and fresh air as well! Cycle paths make it easier to cycle safely, away from cars and lorries

Bike gears Most bikes have gears to help you cycle faster or slower. To change gear, the bicycle chain moves between different-sized cogs. This changes how many times the wheels turn for each turn of the pedals.

Gear cogs

Walking is really good for your heart and muscles

Roller skates are fun and great exercise

Scooters and E-scooters (electric scooters) are great fun too

Why can’t a bike stand up by itself ? Because it’s two tyred!

Electric bikes, or

E-bikes, have a rechargeable battery that can give you extra power to get up hills

Count the turns!

In a high gear, the wheels turn faster. In a low gear, the wheels turn more slowly and you don’t have to pedal as hard – perfect for climbing hills!

Chain

If you have a bike with gears, ask an adult to help you turn it upside down to see how the gears work. Put a bright sticker on the back wheel to make it easy to count how many times it turns. Turn a pedal with your hand and ask an adult to change the gears. In each gear, see if you can count how many times the back wheel spins for each full turn of the pedal. You could record your results and let us know your conclusions!

Into the future What will transport look like when you’re a grown-up?

Will we have flying cars? They’re not just in sci-fi films. Flying cars already exist – they’re just VERY expensive. And if everyone had one, there could be a lot of mid-air crashes. But eventually, they could get cheaper, with technology that makes sure they avoid crashing into each other.

One day, we could all be flying around in something like this! This type of flying car uses drone-style rotors to fly.

What about jetpacks?

Flying chopstick

You might have seen jetpacks and personal flying suits in movies too. Like flying cars, they already exist. But they are expensive, use a LOT of fuel and can’t fly very far. They’re also dangerous and hard to control – although that could change one day.

Drones and helicopters fly using rotor blades. Make this simple chopstick copter and watch it fly!

You will need:

• A disposable wooden chopstick (or an old pencil) • Smooth, stiff cardboard

• Scissors • Ruler • Strong glue or sticky tack

What you do: 1. To make the rotor blades, cut a strip of card about 20 cm long and 3 cm wide.

This real-life jetpack uses hydrogen peroxide as a fuel, but it can only fly for about a minute.

2. Cut the corners off to make the ends curved. 3. Make a small hole in the middle using the scissors (ask an adult to help). 4. Cut two slots into opposite sides of the strip, near the hole, to make two flaps.

Why don’t helicopters fly in the morning? Twirly.

Engineers are also working on

CopterPacks that use rotors instead of jets.

Could you design your own futuristic vehicle? Jet off to page 33 and check out this month’s competition! 10 whizzpopbang.com

5. Fold the flaps down slightly. 6. Now push the pointed end of the chopstick down through the hole and slide the rotor blades up almost all the way to the other end. Use a bit of glue or sticky tack to hold them in place. 7. Hold your copter between the palms of your hands, slide your palms against each other to spin the copter and then release and watch your copter fly!

You should find: As the rotor blades spin, the flaps push air down – and this pushes the copter up!

Slow it down! In the future, to save energy and reduce pollution, we might return to some older technology, such as wind-powered sailing ships and airships that use lighter-than-air gases to stay up in the sky.

This modern double airship design has been nicknamed ‘the flying bum’, because of its shape!

Scientists have invented a teleportation device.

Help Gakk fly up to the airship, avoiding the clouds! Check your answer on page 34.

LEV revolution When you’re a grown-up, you’ll probably use

LEVs (Light Electric Vehicles) for short, local journeys. They could include…

Electric bikes and trikes, including family-sized ones!

Hoverboards

...and other cool inventions, like this one-person wheel

AL ANIM S TIC

Horses

Whoa! Our intrepid vet Joe Inglis is clinging onto the mane of his horse as he gallops off in search of everything there is to know about these transport thoroughbreds.

Ever since they were first domesticated around 6,000 years ago, horses have worked alongside people to help transport them and their goods around the world. There are now more than 300 breeds of horse, ranging from small ponies to racing thoroughbreds and super-strong draft horses.

Mighty movers The wild ancestors of modern horses evolved to be amazing runners, with long legs, powerful muscles and strong hooves, so they could escape from prehistoric predators. Their speed, strength and endurance made them valuable to Stone Age people and transformed the way humans moved around.

Tiptoeing around © Kwadrat / Shutterstock.com

A horse’s foot is very different to ours – what we think of as its foot is just a single toe bone. And their hooves are really just overgrown toenails that wrap around the toe bone!

12 whizzpopbang.com

Four speeds Unlike people (who either walk or run), horses have four different ways of moving (called ‘gaits’) – walking, trotting, cantering and galloping. Each different gait involves the four legs moving in a different rhythm. They help the horse move as efficiently as possible at different speeds.

Hands up! The height of a horse is measured in old-fashioned units called hands (which are equal to 4 inches or 10.2 cm), taken to the top of their withers – the point where the back meets the neck. The largest horse ever recorded was a massive 21 hands in height and was thought to weigh over 1.5 tonnes!

Smart steeds Horses are surprisingly clever animals, with the ability to learn new skills and communicate their needs. One study showed that horses could learn to communicate whether they wanted a blanket on or off by touching symbols on a board.

This horse loves an apple as a tasty treat. Find a route through the maze to the apples and check your answer on page 34.

My friend always stays up late. She’s a night-mare!

Eat, sleep, repeat With a vegetarian diet of mostly grass and hay, horses have to spend a lot of their time eating, which doesn’t leave much time for sleeping. In fact, horses only get around three hours of sleep a day. They don’t even lie down for all of that time, as they have evolved a way of locking the knee joints of their back legs so they can nap standing up!

70 km/h The fastest recorded speed of a galloping horse.

Horse power Until the invention of steam engines and petrol engines, horses powered most human transport, from carrying riders to pulling ploughs in fields and chariots in Roman arenas. Right up until the Second World War, horses were a common sight in towns and cities. Today they remain an important form of transport in many parts of the world.

Beep Beep

board game!

There’s a fantastic exhibition on at the science museum and lots of people are trying to get there! To play the game, hop on a bicycle or a train or make your way by electric car or bus and try to arrive at the museum with the most tokens.

Start

Yo u the wh pa c izz st yc a Co the le la long ll tr n tokect o affi e en ne c. .

The ligh traffic red. ts ar e Lo tokese one n.

Yo u dri stop need nk fo to Los of w r a tok e on ater. en e .

You stop at a bus stop. Lose one token.

14 whizzpopbang.com

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You lis favouritten to your the rad e songs on io. two tok Collect ens.

What you do:

• 2-4 players • The game board • The player counters on page 19 • A coin • Nine tokens per player – you could use marbles, coins, scraps of paper or any other small objects.

1. Cut out the player counters on page 19. Turn them face down, mix them up and then each player should choose one. Place your counters on the board where marked. 2. All players start the game with five tokens. The youngest player goes first and play moves clockwise. 3. When it’s your turn, toss the coin. If

Yo pun u get a Mis ctur s a e! tur n.

ta p a se to . Lo . u s op en Yo s st tok bu one

heels Sing ‘The w go s u b on the und’. round and rotoken. Collect one

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Finish

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5. Once all the players arrive at the finish, count up how many tokens you have. The player with the most tokens is the winner!

After walking, cycling is the most environmentally friendly way to travel and it’s a great way to avoid traffic jams! Electric cars are much better for the planet than petrol or diesel cars as they don’t emit greenhouse gases, but they still need electricity to charge their batteries. Public transport like buses and trains can use electric batteries, petrol or diesel, but they are more environmentally friendly than cars because they can carry lots of people at once so use fewer resources per journey.

4. Follow the instructions on any spaces you land on.

There’s a signal stuck on red. Lose two tokens.

Lie on your back and pretend to cycle with your legs! Collect one token.

it lands on heads, move one space and if it lands on tails, move two spaces.

You will need:

T on here’ a t the s a l ur lin lam led n wh e! Mi a aw ile i ss ay t’s .

11 The train stops at a station. Lose one token.

1 3train’son 12

e g t Th nnin ollec . ru e! C ken tim ne to o

whizzpopbang.com 15

b... clu O C E

Emmi's

Give worn-out jeans new life by turning them into a bag to take on holiday!

MAKE A JEAN BAG You will need: • An old pair of straightleg jeans (we used adult jeans) • Sharp scissors • Fabric glue (optional)

25 cm

• Sewing needle • Thread (we used embroidery thread) • Buttons and scraps of fabric (optional)

2 Turn the piece you have cut off inside out. Sew the cut end together using a running stitch or you could glue it. Turn it back the right way.

Measure 25 cm up from the bottom of one leg, draw a line and cut along it. (You may need an adult to help you cut through the seams.)

the top of the jeans Cut around the button at re of fabric with the so you have a small squa cut off about 20 cm button still attached. Then hole for the button. of waistband, including the

16 whizzpopbang.com

below the opening Attach the button just le. You could use fabric of the bag, in the midd help you sew it on. glue or ask an adult to

Continued on page 21 ➜

PULLOUT TRANSPORT PAPER PLANE AND LAUNCHER

PULL OUT PAGES 17-20 AND GET MAKING!

You will need: A paperclip Sticky tape Tape measure (optional) A notebook with a ring fastening or a ring binder • A rubber band • Sticky tack • • • •

What you do: 1. Cut out the template on page 19. 2. With the windows on the outside, fold it in half along the blue line and unfold it. 3. Fold the top corners into the centre along the red lines, making two triangles. 4. Refold the paper along the blue line. 5. Now fold the sides down along the green lines. 6. Lift the sides up so they are at right angles to the body of the plane. 7. Slightly open out the paper clip to create a hook. Place it inside the front of the plane as shown and wrap sticky tape around the nose so the paperclip can’t come out. 8. Hold the body of the plane and give it a throw! How far does it fly? You can measure the distance in steps or with a long tape measure. Throw it five times from the same starting point and record the distances in the table on page 18. 9. To make the launcher, hook the rubber band over some of the rings of the notebook (or ring binder). 10. Lay the notebook onto your roll of sticky tape to make a slope. (You can secure it in place with some sticky tack.) 11. Hook the paperclip over the elastic band, pull the plane back and let go to launch it! 12. How far does it fly now? Launch it five times and record the distances in the table.

You should find: You’ve made a fantastic flying machine! When you throw your plane, you probably move your arm backwards and forwards quite far to launch it. When you use the launcher, you only need to pull the plane back a short distance, but it flies as far or even farther. That’s because when the rubber band is stretched, it stores elastic energy (potential energy) and then releases it suddenly when you let go.

Find a printable version of the pullout here: bit.ly/3xUmdXi

whizzpopbang.com 17

Four forces affect the flight of your paper plane (and real aeroplanes). Thrust pushes the plane forwards (you used your arm or the launcher to provide thrust). As it moves forwards, the movement of air over and under the wings creates upward lift. This happens when the wings are angled slightly up at the front. The air hitting the underside of the wing is deflected downwards, pushing the plane upwards. Gravity pulls the plane down and drag, or air resistance, slows it down. Your plane will fly as long as it has enough thrust and lift to overcome drag and gravity.

RESULTS

TEST 1

Find out what happens when you change your plane’s shape to increase the amount of drag. 1. Cut a slit about 2 cm long into each wing at the tail end of the plane (along the green lines). Fold up the cut sections as shown. 2. Throw your plane at least five times and record the results in the table below. How does it fly now?

You should find: The plane flew more slowly and for a shorter distance. This is because the vertical sections of paper increased the amount of drag acting on it. You can feel this for yourself if you put your hand out of a car window (ask an adult to check it’s safe first). When your palm is facing towards the ground the air flows over it more easily than when you turn your palm towards the direction you are travelling.

TEST 2

TEST 3

TEST 4

TEST 5

MEAN DISTANCE FLOWN

Throwing the plane Using the launcher Throwing with vertical flaps Launcher with vertical flaps This cargo plane has to be balanced so that both sides hold the same weight. On which side of the plane should this last box be placed?

How to work out the mean (average) result: 1. Throw the plane and write down the distance it flew. 2. Throw the plane four more times, writing down the distance each time. 3. Now add together all five distances. 4. Divide the total number by five (the number of tests). This is the mean distance flown.

Riddles Left

Right

Check your answers on page 34.

1. You might get to one by aeroplane, Or you might arrive by boat Because it’s surrounded by water, But it’s not a castle with a moat. What is it? 2. A plane crashes right on the border of the USA and Canada. Where do you bury the survivors?

s).

Player counters for the game on pages 14 & 15

off the Why did the plane roll end of the runway? Because it was an error-plane! whizzpopbang.com 19

20 whizzpopbang.com

a Willia @ Jenn

the button Push the button through n fold the hole on the waistband, the of the bag. Glue waistband over the top the back of the or sew the waistband to us. bag and cut off any surpl

I’d love to see your jean bag! Take a photo and ask an adult to tag us on social media @whizzpopbangmag and email it to Y@whizzpopbang.com

Photos

Turn the cut jeans inside out and find the outside seam of the uncut leg. Cut next to the line of stitching all the way to the end – this will become the strap of your bag. Insert one end inside the bag and glue or sew it to one side. Repeat on the other side so you have a strap.

ECO

ideas...

Making new denim has an impact on the environment. Chemicals and water are used while growing and dyeing the cotton. Producing one pair of jeans can use the same amount of water as a family uses in three days! So it’s a good idea to pass on old jeans or use the denim to make something else.

Continued from page 16

Jazz up your bag by decorating it with some old buttons or scraps of fabric.

It’s up to us to save the planet. Lots of small actions can make a BIG difference! Use the left-over denim from the jeans to make a small purse to put your change in. Cut around the back pockets and glue or sew them to other trousers or skirts for a fun look. Or you could stick a pocket to the front of a notebook to hold your pens!

whizzpopbang.com 21

➜

Interview with a SCIENCE HERO

In my job I get to... © Airbus He

licopters

design flying machines!

Simone is a predesign engineer for Future Projects at Airbus Helicopters where she designs and modifies helicopters. If you have any questions of your own for Simone, you can contact her on simone.weber@airbus.com

“

My grandfather has been a lifelong inspiration to me.

Simone Weber, engineer

“

I have always been curious about technology and figuring out how things work.

”

He always encouraged me to find simple solutions to complex problems. I loved the creativity involved and building it into reality. He always amazes me with the solutions he comes up with.

I found it boring playing with dolls because you couldn’t dismantle anything. Instead, I loved to play with LEGO® Technic (I still do!) and building and fixing all sorts of things.

“

tters to

Isn’t it wonderful that you can be free like a bird and fly wherever your heart desires!

”

For as long as I can remember, my eyes wandered to the sky when I saw an aeroplane, helicopter or hot-air balloon, but I never thought I would end up working in the aerospace industry because I grew up in a region of Germany where BMW cars are built!

22 whizzpopbang.com

opters

Simone with one of the helic she works on

Interview with a SCIENCE HERO

“

To cut the carbon footprint of flying, the aerospace industry could improve the design of aeroplanes.

”

“

In the lab, measuring how a met will behave under vibr al plate ation

pters

It is also possible to use sustainable fuel, enable electric flight or use hydrogen. We can also cut the carbon footprint by optimising the operation of the aircraft. For example, new technologies can set more efficient flight paths, optimise air space controls and reduce delays.

I enjoy working on something that has a real benefit to society. At the development phase, I will start by designing a rotorcraft on a blank sheet of paper. Sometimes I make changes to an existing rotorcraft and see how the flight smaller performance changes if I add a bigger or I might time ther main rotor or a new engine. Ano can it so find ways to increase the cabin size r carry more passengers. One single helicopte fulfil type is designed in such a way that it can ices, serv ical med many missions, ranging from iring repa search and rescue and transport to electrical power lines.

” Simone is passionate about teaching people about science

“

We will see a large number of flying cars in the future.

”

In remote areas it will be much easier to operate them than in cities, and we have a lot of challenges in front of us, such as how do we operate all those flying cars in air space? Will we use a pilot or fly the vehicle using a computer? Where will people take off and land in cities?

“

Preparing an experiment to collect data

Just imagine what you can achieve by thinking differently. You can use your imagination and skills to ate drive innovation, find solutions to fight clim change or even find cures for diseases. You and discover erseabout univ the can also explore Find out more xxxxxx re! something that no one has ever done befo

”

whizzpopbang.com 23

Helicopters

HOW STUFF

WORKS

If you need to be rescued from the top of a mountain, there’s only one form of transport that can do the job. Here’s how these amazing flying machines work…

Each rotor blade is connected to the central shaft by a feathering hinge. This allows each blade to be tilted, which changes how much lift it generates – more tilt creates more lift.

The rotor blades are like very thin aeroplane wings. As they spin at very high speeds, they push air downwards, creating an upwards force called lift.

When the pilot operates the controls, two swash plates are pushed up or down. The top swash plate is connected to the rotor blades by a pitch link, which changes the angle of the blades as they spin around. This allows the pilot to control the lift and direction of the helicopter.

At the back of the helicopter, the tail rotor is a smaller set of blades that spin vertically, preventing the helicopter from spinning around. Instead of a tail rotor, some larger helicopters have a second main rotor that spins the opposite way to the first, which also prevents it from spinning around.

24 whizzpopbang.com

Smaller helicopters land on metal skids, but larger ones have wheels.

Can you spot ten differences between these two rescue helicopters? Circle any that you find and then check them on page 34.

A gearbox and

transmission shaft

transfers the spinning power from the engine up to the main rotor blades.

Helicopters are powered by one or two engines, usually mounted on the top of the fuselage. Some use engines like those found in cars (piston engines) but most nowadays have turboshaft engines. These are like jet engines, but instead of using the jet of hot gases to push the helicopter forwards, the energy from the burning gas spins a turbine which turns it into rotational energy.

At the front of the fuselage is the cockpit where the pilots sit. Larger helicopters have space for passengers or cargo behind the pilots’ seats.

The main body of the helicopter is called the fuselage and is made from lightweight metal such as aluminium or a composite like carbon-fibre.

whizzpopbang.com 25

g... in z a m A ly e m o s e w A 0 1

T T E G O WAYS T ible journeys Check out the incred the world some children around to school… have to make to get

Children living in the clifftop village of Atuler in the south of Sichuan Province, China, have to climb down an 800 m ladder down the mountainside to reach their primary school in the valley below.

2 Every day, pupils in Ampana, Indonesia, cross the sea in wooden boats to reach their school. In other areas, like the Sumatran jungle, some children travel along dangerous rivers in barges.

Carts pulled by bullocks are used to take children in villages in Karnataka in southwest India to and from school every day.

26 whizzpopbang.com

Children in the remote area of Sabah in Malaysia have to walk across a hanging bridge over the Papar River on their way to and from school.

Donkeys are the only means

of school transport for children who live in remote villages in the Nuratau mountains in Uzbekistan.

L O O H C T TO S

Pupils in Bangkok, Thailand, take a ferry across the Chao Phraya River (Thailand’s main river) to get to their school.

7 8 9

In East Timor, situated on the island of Timor in Southeast Asia, the most common way for children to get to school is for them to walk long distances along dusty mountain roads.

The only way children can reach their school in the small village of Boca da Valeria, in Brazil, is by boat along the Amazon River.

10 Walking across wooden

suspension bridges like

A donkey cart takes children from rural areas to school in Khorixas, in Namibia, and drops them home again at the end of the day.

this one near the border with Thailand and Myanmar is part of the daily journey to school for many children living in rural villages in Asia.

© Wikimedia Commons, 2. Affendy Soeto / Shutterstock.com, 3. Ali. Fahmi / Shutterstock.com, 4. angela Meier / Shutterstock.com, 5. Vladimir Zhoga / Shutterstock.com, 6. 1000 Words / Shutterstock.com, 7. Hang Dinh / Shutterstock.com, 8. James Davis Photography / Shutterstock.com, 9. Photos BrianScantlebury / Shutterstock.com, 10. Tanes Ngamsom / Shutterstock.com

whizzpopbang.com 27

Sensational Scientists

by Kate Powell

THE MONTGOLFIER BROTHERS © Wikimedia Commons

You may have heard of the Wright brothers who made and flew the first aeroplane in 1903, but two other brothers actually invented human flight more than a century earlier…

JOSEPH-MICHEL AND JACQUES-ÉTIENNE MONTGOLFIER WERE BORN IN 1740 AND 1745 IN ANNONAY, FRANCE.

Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Étienne were the 12th and 15th children in a family of 16 brothers and sisters.

Joseph was a dreamer – a good quality for an inventor. As he grew up, he read as many books about maths and science as he could because he wanted to understand how the world works. One day, Joseph was watching his wife’s skirts dry over a fire. He noticed that they billowed upwards. This gave him the idea for a balloon. He wondered if such an invention might even be able to carry humans into the sky… Joseph built a box-shaped frame out of wood and covered the top and sides with light cloth. He set fire to some crumpled paper underneath it and the box lifted up and hit the ceiling! He was so excited that he asked his brother Étienne to work with him.

The brothers built more balloons and tested them outside. Things didn’t always go smoothly: the first one broke away from the rope holding it and crashed in a neighbour’s field. Rain put out the fire underneath another one, and burning wood scorched the fabric of another.

My family invented the cold-air balloon... but it never really took off !

28 whizzpopbang.com

They never gave up and tried many different designs. On the 4th of June, 1783, the brothers launched a balloon in the town square. It rose more than 1 km high, flew for 10 minutes and travelled around 2 km. Everyone was amazed! News of their success reached Paris. Before sending people up in a balloon, Joseph and Étienne decided to do a test flight with a sheep, a cockerel and a duck in a basket underneath the balloon. King Louis XVI, Queen Marie-Antoinette and thousands of other people watched and cheered as they flew and landed safely. Later that year, Étienne became the first person to go up in a hot-air balloon, attached to a rope. The following month, two men took the first balloon flight, travelling 9 km. The air in the Montgolfiers’ balloon was heated by a fire underneath the balloon. Soon afterwards, balloons were invented that used hydrogen gas, which is lighter than air.

Ballooning remained the main mode of air travel until aeroplanes were invented. Hot-air balloons are still used today – perhaps you’ve seen one?

Baa!

MAKE A HOT-AIR BALLOON! You will need: • Bin bag • Jam jar • Wide sticky tape

• Scissors • Hairdryer

What you do: 1. Gather the open end of the bin bag around the jar and wind sticky tape around the opening, then remove the jar. 2. Ask your adult to blow hot air into the bag for 5 seconds. 3. When the bag is full, turn off the hairdryer and let go of the bag.

You should find: The bag should rise and hover. Hot air is less dense than cool air because the air molecules have more energy and move farther apart. This makes it lighter than the denser cool air, so the hot air inside the bag rises, taking the bag with it!

Email me at Y@whizzpopbang.com

der Club! Welcome to Y’s Won to share your This page is for you with our adventures in science hizz Pop Bang robot, Y, and other W atured on readers! Everyone fe an this page will receive e! enamel pin badg

Dear Y, Why are rainbows curve d?

From Evie, aged

F oR

CURIoUS K I DS

Thank you for sending in all your amazing applications for Y’s Wonder Club badges…

14.

Rainbow colours are made by refraction , as sunlight slows and be nds is made by reflectio inside raindrops. The curve n, when sunlight comes behind you and boun from ces back off the rain drops in front of you. The reflec ted rays form a cone shape, with its tip at your ey es. It’s the raindrops near the cone’s curved surface that you see as a rain bow. Like the rim of a cone, a ra inbow is circular, but part of it is usually hidden below th at a rainbow with a dif e horizon. Everyone looks ferent observation co ne – so no one sees exactly th e same rainbow as yo u!

wrote Issac, aged 7, ther ea w w o h about in played a part the f o n io the extinct t of ar p as rs dinosau n for the his applicatio badge. rter Science Repo

Lanyi-May Chali-Ray, ag , aged 8, and ed by the Save O 6, were inspired ur Planet issu e and started a litt er hometown o pick-up in their f They were jo Suzhou in China. ined by a goo d fr and lots of o ther children iend who were playing in the at the time. meadows What amazing effo an rt!

Y’s Wonder Club Badges Help local wildlife to earn your Wildlife Watcher badge.

Investigate scientific questions to earn your Super Scientist badge.

o Eco Her For his ua, aged 6, Josh y badge, ‘Cat Town’ b a d t e s t xe o crea g old bo otels n li c y c h up ouses, make h oard trays for db and car and treats. food

Collectable enamel badges for you to earn! Help save the planet to earn your Eco Hero badge.

Why don’t we feel dizzy when the world is spinning?

From Caissa, aged 7.

Good question, Caissa! At the equator, the Earth spins at about 1,600 km/h! In the UK, it’s a mere 1,000 km/h , and close to zero at the poles. There are two reasons we don’t feel dizzy. First, you only notice movement when it changes. The Earth’s spin is in the same direction and at the same speed all the time. Second, it doesn’t look like we are moving because most of the things around us are moving at the same speed too, held in place by gravity. What a ride!

made Lucy, aged 9, est n this amazing ng ci n u o from the B n io it ed s Babie ). 81 e u ss (I

Lots of you made great Easter baskets (from the Issue 81 Eco Club). Check out these awesome creations…

S TA R L ET T E R

You’veis won th ! book

7, Harris, aged taking the egg strength challenge.

Erin, aged 6.

Poppy’s egg drop. Annie, aged 5, 10, George, aged 8, ed and Poppy, ag nt re fe if d e th d ie tr s in ge n le egg chal … 81 e su Is

Ostin, aged 6, made Easter ba skets for his cousins and some bouncing bunnies (also fr om Issue 81).

Annie standing on the egg

How does my cat purr? Thank you,

From Samuel, aged

As a cat breathes in and ou t, air passes through its vo cal cords. If they are vibrating (shaking), they ma ke the sound we call a purr. We don’t yet know why the vocal cords shake – whether it’s automatic or if a cat can decide for itself. Cats usually purr when happy, but also when they are hungry, angry or even reassuring another cat that they are not going to attack them. Cats purr at 20-30 vibrations per second. The same frequenc y of vibrations is thought to relieve pain, hel p injuries to heal and streng the n bones – maybe that’s why it’s so nice to cur l up for a cuddle with one!

Get problem solving to earn your Epic Engineer badge.

Write a report or a review to earn your Science Reporter badge.

Barney, aged 9, made very tast y butter (from Issue 81).

We had to shake the cream in the jar for a looooooong time! Send your experiments, ideas, photos, reviews and questions to Y@whizzpopbang.com or Y, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Don’t forget to include your name, age and address. We can’t return any post, sorry.

To find out how to earn your badges, go to whizzpopbang.com/wonder-club. Schools can get involved too! Find out how here: bit.ly/39xNQ Q qV

whizzpopbang.com 31

um/ Test your m to dad/donkey

see what they know!

How much can you remember from this issue? Test your knowledge with our super-duper quiz. Just tick the answers you think are correct, mark them using the answers on page 34 and then add up your score. If you need some help, check out the hints at the bottom of the page.

What are helicopte rs’ spinning ‘wings’ ca lled? a) Rotor blades

What is the old-fashioned unit used to measure horses? lbows a) E

b) Whirlygigs

b) Chins

c) F lying fins

c) Hands

What is the top speed of , the world’s fastest train ? the Shanghai Maglev a) 300 km/h

What were the first animals to fly in a hot-air balloon?

a) Three sheep

30 km/h b) 4

b) A sheep, a cockerel

c) 550 km/h

and a duck

c) Two humans

What force pushes a plane forwards? a) Thrust

How do children living in the Chinese village Atuler get to school?

b) Drag

a) They use jetpacks

c) Lift

b) They catch an electric bus ladder c) They climb down an 800 m

What do you call a chicken that crosses the road, rolls around in some mud and then crosses the road again?

How far above the Earth is the ace International Sp Station? a) 400 km

A new double airship design has the nickname of… a) The flying bubble

,000 km b) 4

b) T he flying bum

0 million km c) 4

c) T he flying bell

Need a hint? Find the answers by reading these pages… 1) Page 24 2) Page 13 3) Page 8 4) Page 29 5) Page 18 6) Page 26 7) Page 5 8) Page 11

A dirty double-crosser! Answers on page 34.

I scored: .......... 1-3: Flying start! 4-6: Wheely good! 7-8: Top traveller!

We want you to design an eco-friendly vehicle of the future, taking inspiration from nature. Maybe it will be a flying machine with wings like an insect or a pterosaur. Or it could be a boat that paddles like a duck!

Draw your design or even make a model and send in a picture to be in with a chance of winning one of six super rubber band vehicle kits.

! IN

Green ideas

W h at m at e r i a ls your ve will be mad hicle e of ? Ho w w i l l W il l it i t be power ed ? b e s o li d o r f le x ib le ?

Rubber Band Racers kit With this kit from thamesandkosmos.co.uk, you can create five awesome models driven by a rubber-band-powered propellor! Build a flying helicopter and aeroplane, a fan boat, a car and a catamaran. Learn how the elastic material stores energy and then releases it to make your models zip along! Send a photo of your design to win@whizzpopbang.com with ‘Transport competition’ as the subject of your email. Alternatively, post your picture to Transport competition, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Please don’t forget to include your name, age and address. Sorry, we are unable to return any post. Deadline: September 8th 2022. UK residents only. Full terms and conditions available at whizzpopbang.com.

WINNERS

Danish Alam, 8

Issue 83 competition winners Thank you to everyone who sent in their entries to our Treehouse competition. Your designs were tree-mendous! These three lucky winners will each receive a Bird Bingo game from laurenceking.com:

Elizabeth Walden, 10

Seb Hobson, 5

whizzpopbang.com 33

JOKES

What do train that you call a eats toffe e? A chew ch ew train!

What did you think of our transpor t edition? Tell us your views here: bit.ly/3nR0REr

Each month, readers who fill in the survey will be entered into a prize draw to win an awesome Whizz Pop Bang Science Scrapbook

What do a vicar w you call ho a motorc rides ycle? What happened Rev! r ca ’s og fr e th n whe broke down? Why did the ! it ed rt a rubber chicken He jump-st cross the road ? She wanted to stretch her leg s!

Why was th e computer lat starting wor e k? Because it ha a hard drive d !

Page 6 – Inventions puzzle

Page 11 – Airship maze

Why did the bus stop? Because it saw a zebra crossing!

Answers

Hot-air balloon

Around 120 years ago

Boat

Around 140 years ago

Motor car

Around 220 years ago

Page 18 – Cargo puzzle

Aeroplane

Around 240 years ago

Train

Around 5,500 years ago

The box should be placed on the right side of the plane.

Wheel

At least 10,000 years ago (and possibly over 100,000 years ago!)

Page 8 – True/Untrue TRUE: In 1979, cyclist Bryan Allen flew across the English Channel in a pedal-powered plane called the Gossamer Albatross.

Page 18 – Riddles 1) An island. 2) Nowhere. You don’t bury survivors! Page 13 – Horse maze

Page 25 – Helicopter spot the difference

One route through the maze.

Page 11 – True/Untrue UNTRUE: Sadly, no one knows how to teleport yet. But they are working on it!

Page 32 – Quiz 1) a 2) c 3) b 4) b 5) a 6) c 7) a 8) b

A sunny future! This car, called Tokai Challenger, is powered by the Sun! It has twice won the World Solar Challenge, a race for solar-powered cars across the Australian outback. The race covers 3,022 km and Tokai Challenger completed it in a little under 30 hours – that’s an average speed of just over 100 km/h (62 mph). All the cars in the race have been designed, engineered and built by teams from universities, secondary schools and companies. They use rechargeable batteries powered by solar fuel cells. The race has helped encourage huge progress in solar-powered car technology – the first family-sized solar cars are now in production and almost ready to hit the road!

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