Whizz Pop Bang Science Magazine for Kids! Issue 86: MARVELLOUS MEDICINE! by Whizz Pop Bang

ISSN 2399 -2840

THE AWESOME SCIENCE MAGAZINE FOR KIDS!

Interview with TV’s Dr Chris van Tulleken

Investigate your lung size

Marvellous

MEDICINE PR

SE T I S E S WIN U R G I C A L G SKIL LS!

M ak e fa k e vo m i t !

Meet lov e ly l l a m a s! WHIZZPOPBANG.COM ISSUE 86

EXPERIMENTS PUZZLES AMAZING FACTS SCIENCE NEWS

WELCOME!

We’re finding out how medicine helps us to treat all sorts of illnesses! Emmi

WHIZZ POP BANG is made by:

Have you ever been given a do se of Calpol, received a vaccination or been prescribe da all of us have been helped by course of antibiotics? Almost the point, so in this magazine we marvels of medicine at some ’re looking at common illnesse s and finding out how medicine s can help to treat them. You ’ll get to test out your surgical skills by stitching up a banana , compare your lung size with fri ends, and learn about what’s inside your stomach by makin g fake vomit!

Editor-in-Chief: Jenny Inglis Editor: Tammy Osborne Assistant Editor: Tara Pardo Designers: Rachael Fisher and Simon Oliver Illustrator: Clive Goodyer Staff writer: Joanna Tubbs Contributors: Esther Barron, Sarah Bearchell, Anna Claybourne, Joe Inglis, Owen Inglis, Kate Powell and Kirsty Williams

EXPERT SCIENCE ADVISERS

As well as our writers, we also have a team of science advisers who help to ensure that our content is accurate, up-to-date and relevant. Our advisers include: palaeontologist Steve Brusatte; molecular microbiologist Matt Hutchings; robotics engineer Abbie Hutty; mechanical engineer Amiee Morgans; GP Dr Cathy Scott; astronomer Mark Thompson; physicist Dr Jess Wade; child psychologist Dr Naira Wilson. To find out more, go to whizzpopbang.com/about

I’ve made a mini mascot from old socks! Where you see this symbol, use a QR code reader on a phone or tablet to visit a relevant web page.

Riley

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WHIZZ POP BANG is only available by subscription. If you haven’t subscribed yet, simply go to whizzpopbang.com and sign up for as little as £3.99 per magazine, including UK delivery. Back issues are available to purchase at whizzpopbang.com/shop With the help of Whizz Pop Bang magazine, just imagine what your child might one day discover!

GROWN-UPS

EDUCATORS

Welcome to WHIZZ POP BANG – the magazine bursting with enticing articles, mind-boggling facts and hands-on experiments to get your child hooked on science! Whizz Pop Bang is a gender-neutral magazine with plenty of inspirational male and female scientists and content that appeals to all children.

The magazine is ideal for home educators and it’s linked to the national curriculum too, for use in schools. Whizz Pop Bang will help with literacy development as well. Transform science teaching in your school with our hands-on science and reading resources. Our downloadable lesson packs link fun science experiments and reading with key curriculum topics for years 2-6. Subscribe at whizzpopbang.com/schools

All experiments have been tried and tested by our team. The activities should be done under close adult supervision and are done at your own risk. Launchpad Publishing Ltd cannot accept liability for damage done.

Indicates content linked to the National Curriculum

Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ Printed in the UK by The Magazine Printing Company using only paper from FSC/PEFC suppliers www.magprint.co.uk

© 2022 Launchpad Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents of WHIZZ POP BANG without written permission is prohibited. Illustrations: © 2022 Clive Goodyer

CONTENTS

AWESOME NEWS AND AMAZING FACTS

See stunning new images of the universe and find out how dyslexia helped humans evolve

MEDICAL MARVELS

Investigate marvellous medicine – discover how to make fake vomit, measure your lungs and practise surgical sewing skills! vomit

ANIMAL ANTICS

Meet lovely, long-necked llamas, llamas the animals with disease-busting nanobodies!

SILLY SCIENCE

Fill in the gaps to create your own ridiculously rib-tickling tale about Riley’s runny nose!

EMMI’S ECO CLUB

Stuff some old socks with medicinal plants to make a mini mascot to pop in your pocket.

Atom

PULLOUT

Cut and stick a body parts poster! Can you get everything in the right place?

Read an interview with TV’s Dr Chris van Tulleken!

HOW STUFF WORKS

Discover how inhalers help millions of people with asthma around the world – probably including a few of your friends.

TEN AWESOMELY AMAZING…

…future medical advances. Medical treatments are set to change a lot – find out how.

c rsto ut t e

k. c

SENSATIONAL SCIENTISTS

Dr Edward Jenner developed the world’s first vaccine, saving millions of lives.

Y’S WONDER CLUB

Ask our robot, Y, your burning science questions and share all of your adventures in science with the club.

I’d love to see pictures of your experiments! Send them to 32 Y@whizzpopbang.com and ask an adult to tag us on social media 34 @whizzpopbangmag

INTERVIEW WITH A SCIENCE HERO

22 24

o k.c oc rs t e t ut © Sh

QUIZ POP BANG AND COMPETITION

Test your knowledge with our super-duper science quiz and win an anatomy kit.

JOKES AND ANSWERS

Laugh out loud at some awesome jokes and find the answers to all of our quizzes, puzzles and riddles.

SPECTACULAR SCIENCE

Be amazed by some incredible art made from bacteria!

FIND THE SCIENCE EQUIPMENT Hidden on each double page is a piece of science equipment. Tick each one to find the complete kit!

s Awesome New cts and Amazing Fa THE UNIVERSE AS YOU’VE NEVER SEEN IT BEFORE

In July, NASA released the long-awaited first photos taken by the new James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Astronomers around the world were amazed by what they saw… What looks like a mo untain range is actually the edge of the Carina Neb ula, a star-forming region in our own galaxy. The ‘mou ntains’ are clouds of dust an d gas, the raw materials of stars.

dance’, Four of these five galaxies are locked in a ‘cosmic ies in the driven by their gravitational fields. The two galax being stars new middle are in the process of merging, with a is y created all around. In the centre of the top galax supermassive black hole. This image shows a planetary

nebula, a dying

star sending out waves of gas and dust, which may one day become a new star or planet.

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Unlike other space telescopes, like Hubble, the JWST detects infrared wavelengths of light, allowing it to see further into space than ever before. It can even reveal the chemical make-up of planets’ atmospheres, allowing astronomers to search for faraway worlds where extra-terrestrial life could exist. These images are just the start of what the JWST will be able to show us. Watch this space…! © NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI

DYSLEXIA IS A SUPERPOWER!

Many of history’s greatest thinkers had dyslexia, from Leonardo da Vinci to Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. Space scientist and TV presenter Dr Maggie Aderin-Pocock has it too! © Wikimedia Commons

The results of The Big Plastic Count are in – and they paint a worrying picture. Nearly a quarter of a million people took part, counting all the plastic packaging they threw away for one week in May. The results indicate that British households throw away nearly 100 billion pieces of plastic each year! Most of this (83%) came from food packaging, especially fruit and vegetables (that often don’t even need packaging!). Shockingly, only 12% of this plastic is recycled – the rest is being burnt, buried in landfill or shipped overseas. Greenpeace and Everyday Plastic, who carried out the study, are calling on the government to reduce the amount of single-use plastic produced in the first place. “Recycling is not enough – we must turn off the plastic tap,” their report concluded.

Do you know anyone with dyslexia? It’s often described as a learning difficulty – people diagnosed with dyslexia often find reading, writing and spelling difficult. But there’s a lot more to it! New research from the University of Cambridge says that dyslexic thinking might have been essential to our species’ survival. People with dyslexia are often skilled in areas like invention, experimentation and creativity. The researchers suggest that dyslexic brains are specialised to explore the unknown and that this kind of thinking could have helped human beings to adapt to changing environments in our evolutionary history. While some people became specialised in using learned information, others focused on finding new solutions to problems – and our species’ success is down to individuals with different abilities working together.

You can sign Greenpeace’s petition to tell the UK government to fix the plastic waste crisis here:

bit.ly/3z67oSk

FEATHERS HELPED DINOS DOMINATE You’ve probably heard of the mass extinction that killed most of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, but there were other extinction events, one of which allowed dinosaurs to take over the Earth. In the Triassic-Jurassic Extinction 202 million years ago, a volcanic winter killed off the cold-blooded reptiles who previously ruled the planet. A new study suggests that dinosaurs survived it because they were already adapted to freezing conditions. Those living in icy polar regions had evolved ‘winter coats’ of primitive feathers, so they were better prepared.

The cold never bothered me anyway. © Larry Felder

Many diseases happen because GERMS get into your body.

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Got a headache, hay fever or a nasty cut? There’s a medicine for that! We use medical treatments for all kinds of illnesses and injuries, from soothing a sore throat to having lifesaving surgery.

By A

+ MEDICAL MARVELS Hi! Real germs are microscopic and too small to see – making it easier for them to get into our bodies!

Meet some of the main culprits! I don't feel very well!

How do nuts sneeze? Cashew!! Flu virus

Streptococcus bacteria can give you a sore throat

Common cold virus

This virus (a type of extra-tiny germ) causes chickenpox

This germ is a

fungus, related to

Coronavirus

These germs get in through your mouth and nose and make you ill, causing a fever (high temperature), coughs and sneezes or a runny nose.

mushrooms! It causes itchy, flaky athlete’s foot

A sneeze can spread germs up to 8 metres away.

…while this virus causes veruccas!

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Check out this slo-mo sneeze video! n.pr/3MUTO 7L

Salmonella bacteria can make you sick if they get into your food.

ne Food poisoning and some other illnesses can make you vomit. It’s gross, but your body does this to get the germs out!

What’s in the cabinet?

Many people have a medicine cabinet at home, containing everyday medicines you can buy from the shops. But how do they work? Most medicines contain drugs – chemicals that change how your body works. Different chemicals do different things – and fix different problems.

Painkillers like paracetamol and ibuprofen block pain signals going to your brain.

Bleurggghhh! Anti-nausea medicine reduces stomach acid to stop you feeling sick (nauseous).

Cough syrup

Fake vomit For super-realistic fake vomit, all you need is a few biscuits or crackers, half a cup of milk and half a cup of vinegar. Mash them together in a bowl with a fork. For extra colour, ask an adult to help you chop up a carrot, then stir in the bits!

Vomit smells bad because of the acids in your stomach. The vinegar makes your fake sick smell similar!

contains drugs that block the brain signals that make you cough.

Antiseptic cream kills germs to stop them getting into cuts and scrapes.

Vaccines When you catch a disease germ like chickenpox, your body’s immune system usually manages to fight it off and you get better. This teaches your body how to spot and kill that germ, so you probably won’t catch it again. A vaccination gives you a harmless version of a germ so your body can learn how to fight it without having to get ill. This protects you from the disease when you meet the real germ. Genius!

NEVER take any medicines unless a parent or doctor tells you to! Medicines can be harmful if you take the wrong kind, or too much.

Can you spot 10 of each of these plasters in this scene? Check your answers on page 34.

Why did the doctor get cross? She ran out of patients!

FIXING INJURIES

An X-ray can take a photo of your bones!

Medicine doesn’t just help with fighting germs and disease. You also need medical treatment for injuries, like a broken arm. Here’s what happens…

Accident

Getting an X-ray

Plaster cast

Back to normal

When a bang or bump is really painful and you can’t move it, you might have broken a bone.

You have to go to hospital for an X-ray, a kind of photo that shows the bones inside your body.

A doctor or nurse wraps your arm in a cast like this, which holds it still while the bone heals.

Over a few weeks, your brilliant body rebuilds the bone and heals up the break.

OUCH!

It’s broken!

Can you tell a which body parts these X-rays show? Check your answers on page 34.

We’re going in!

In the theatre

If you have a badly broken bone or something else needs mending inside you, you might need surgery, also called an operation. That means a specially trained doctor called a surgeon has to open up your body to fix your insides.

Operations happen in a room called an operating theatre. The surgeon carefully cuts out the appendix

Looks like appendicitis! We need to take that out.

The patient lies on an operating table

One example is

appendicitis, when a small body part called the appendix gets swollen and painful.

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Everyone wears masks and hair nets to keep germs away from the patient, as they could make them ill if they got inside the body

The scrub nurse is in charge of the tools and hands them to the surgeon

Luckily, they A doctor gives can manage you a medicine fine without an called a general appendix! anaesthetic, so you fall asleep and can’t feel anything. Phew!

can’t buy antibiotics in the shops – doctors have to prescribe them. That’s because if we use them too much, they can stop working as well. You

Antibiotics Some types of bacteria can make you ill if they get into your body through a cut. Others cause diseases like TB (tuberculosis). Luckily, we can treat these with amazing bacteria-killing medicines called antibiotics. Scientist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, an important antibiotic, in 1928. Antibiotics have saved millions of lives since then.

Fleming found that a type of mould produced an antibiotic chemical that killed the bacteria around it.

To improve their stitching skills, trainee surgeons practise on fruit! To try it yourself, you need a needle and thread. Ask an adult to use a sharp knife to make a cut in a banana or orange and see if you can sew it closed.

All sewn up! After an operation, or to treat a deep cut, a doctor or nurse stitches the opening together so that it can heal up. The stitches are usually made of special thread that dissolves over time.

Bacteria

Phew, that's better

Scary surgery Humans have been doing operations for a long time, but it wasn’t always as painless as it is today… Thousands of years ago, cultures around the world used ‘trepanning’ – drilling a hole in the skull – to treat illnesses. No one is sure why!

Aaaaar

rrggghhh

Before anaesthetics were invented, people had to have surgery without them!

I think this might have actually made my headache worse. Amazingly, signs of healing show that many people survived the surgery!

And hundreds of years ago, people thought that ‘bloodletting’ – letting out some of your blood – was a cure for all kinds of illnesses. (It’s not!)

Not TOO much!

ALLERGIES

Runny nose

Allergies happen when your body gets confused and causes problems for itself!

Sneezing

How it works

Feeling hot and unwell

Your body’s immune system fights germs and diseases. For example, if germs get into a cut or scrape, the immune system sends special white blood cells to fight the germs, making the area swell up. If you catch a cold, your immune system tries to kill and flush out germs by giving you a fever and a runny nose. But when you have an allergy, your immune system reacts like this to harmless things too. For example, if you have hay fever, pollen from plants can set it off.

Red, itchy eyes and skin

What can you be allergic to? People can be allergic to all kinds of things! Common allergies include…

Insect stings and bites

Perfumes and shower gels

Dog or cat hair

Foods, like milk, eggs, peanuts or shellfish

Dust mites (tiny creatures that live in carpets and furniture) and their poo

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Some types of medicines

Some people are allergic to medicines!

Allergeayt almlergeieds,icweine

To tr es called can use medicin They calm antihistamines. duce the and re your body down s and itching. swelling, rednes

Allergies and asthma Asthma is a disease that can make the tubes in your lungs get narrower, making it hard to breathe. In some people, allergies can make asthma worse – or even trigger an asthma attack. To treat this, you can breathe in medicine using an asthma inhaler. (See page 24 to find out how they work!)

How big are your lungs? Allergies and asthma can affect your lungs so you can’t breathe in as much air as normal. In this experiment, test your lungs to see how much air you can breathe in and out.

You will need: • Balloons (the normal round kind)

• Tape measure • Pen and paper

1. Take a balloon and blow it up to stretch it. (Ask an adult to help if you need to.)

Diabetes

Mental illness

3. Hold or tie the end closed, then measure the balloon’s circumference – the distance all the way around the middle. 4. Write it down, along with your name, age and height, which you can also measure with the tape measure. 5. Ask friends or family members to do it too and write down the results.

Height

There are millions of medicines, and we’re still inventing and discovering new ones! Here are some other illnesses that can be treated with medicines.

You need injections of insulin, a chemical that helps with this.

2. Let it go down, then take a very deep breath and blow up the balloon as big as you can.

Age

MANY MEDICINES!

This illness happens when your body can’t control the amount of sugar in your blood properly.

What you do:

Name

I sometimes , r o t c o D : t n Patie visible! feel like I’m in said that?! o h W : r o t c o D

Balloon circumference

Mental illnesses affect your mind and emotions. For example, depression makes you feel sad or numb, and phobias make you scared of harmless things. Doctors can help treat these things, just like they treat physical illnesses. There are medicines that can help – and talking and exercise can sometimes help too.

Cancer

You should find: Different people can blow different amounts of air into the balloon. What makes the most difference? Does it depend on age, height or other things?

Cancer happens when body cells start to grow out of control. There are lots of different treatments for it, including operations and drugs that kill the cancer cells. Scientist Marie Curie discovered that radiation can kill cancer cells too. It’s still used as a treatment today.

AL ANIM S TIC

Llamas

Our vet Joe Inglis is on the trail of an animal that lives high up in the South American mountains and is known for its amazing healing powers.

Llama farmers The ancestors of llamas are wild animals called guanacos, which still roam the wild areas of South America. They were domesticated by indigenous people about 5,000 years ago – the use of their dung as fertiliser is thought to have helped people switch from hunting food to farming.

Llamas can fire their spit more than 3 metres.

Chew it over

Like many large animals, llamas are grazers, chewing their way through grass and other vegetation. They have three stomachs (compared to four in ruminants, such as cows and sheep), which help them digest tough grasses. Like cows and sheep, llamas regurgitate their food so they can chew it again to help break it down, which is why they often look like they’re chewing gum!

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Llamas are domestic animals that live mainly in South America. They have been bred as pack animals and for their meat and wool for thousands of years. Llamas are distant cousins of camels and are closely related to alpacas (which are similar, but much smaller).

65 km/h The top speed of a llama. Although they generally move slowly, they can run super-quickly in short bursts to escape predators.

What do you get when you cross a llama and a porcupine? An animal that can knit its own jumpers!

Guard duty Llamas can be fearsome animals, wrestling, kicking and even spitting at their opponents. Farmers have made use of their feisty nature by using them to guard flocks of sheep from predators like coyotes and wild dogs!

No llama drama Most llamas aren’t such angry animals, though. Some are so friendly that they are used to help people with mental health issues or dementia by providing lovely soft cuddles in care homes. It is thought that this animal-assisted therapy can reduce pain, depression, anxiety and fatigue.

Fantastic Fifi! Improving mental health is not their only medical superpower. Scientists have discovered that llamas could help in the fight against diseases such as Covid-19. Blood samples taken from a female llama called Fifi have been shown to contain ‘nanobodies’, which are like the antibodies we produce to fight infections, but much smaller and simpler. It is hoped that these nanobodies can be used to help protect people from Covid-19, as well as other diseases.

These llamas have been fighting! Draw two square pens to separate them from each other. Check your answer on page 34.

Hint: The squares can be at any angle.

Without peeking at the story, fill in the word list below. Next, write the words from your list into the numbered spaces in the story. Then read the story and have a chuckle!

Co l d t ! c o m for

1 Another word for ‘bad’ �� 2 A fruit or vegetable �� 3 An animal �� 4 A liquid �� 5 Something green (plural) �� 6 A body part �� 7 Something you’d find in a living room �� 8 Another word for big �� 9 Another body part �� 10 A hot place ��

Having a cold is snot funny!

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Draw around the parts of this patchwork quilt that match the two pieces below.

R il e y’s r u n n y n o s e!

Riley is sprawled on the sofa under a quilt, feeling (1) ………………………………................... His nose is the colour of a ripe (2) ………………………………................... “Are you feeling any better?” asks Emmi, as Gakk pokes a thermometer into Riley’s ear. “Doh, dot really. Cough, cough!” Riley blows his nose into a tissue, sounding just like an angry (3) ………………………………................... “Riley, please stop dropping your tissues on the floor, I’ve been picking them up all day!” sighs Gakk. “I hope you’re washing your hands, Gakk. Actually, can aliens catch human colds?” says Emmi. “No, I don’t think so, I’m almost never sick! I think I’ll go and get Riley some (4) ………………………………...................

It’s good to drink lots when you’re ill.”

Suddenly… “Ah-ah-ah-CHOOOOO!!!” Slimy goo the colour of (5) ………………………………..................

flies in all directions from Riley

and some lands on Emmi’s (6) ………………………………................... “Yuk, Riley! You need to cover your mouth with a tissue when you sneeze and cough to stop your germs spreading around,” says Emmi. There are blobs of snot on the floor and on the (7) ………………………………................... “I’ll go and get that drink – and something to clean up this mess!” says Gakk. As Gakk turns, he skids on a (8) ……………………………….................. glob of snot, slips and lands on his (9) ………………………………................... “Oh dear, Gakk! Are you OK?” asks Emmi. “I’m fine. But why is the room spinning?” says Gakk. “And why is it so hot? It’s like (10) ……………………………….................. in here.” “Oh no,” says Emmi, “I think you’ve caught Riley’s cold.” “I am feeling a bit green!” says Gakk. “Maybe I had better have a lie-down.” Gakk joins Riley on the sofa. Emmi says: “Well, maybe I can cheer you both up with a joke… Why is the common cold like a good song? It’s very catchy! ”

b... clu O C E

Emmi's

Upcycle old socks into a cute, calming creature – ideal to help ease you back to school!

MAKE A T O C S A M D E SCENT You will need: • Two old, odd socks • Sharp scissors • Out-of-date dried grains or pulses (optional – see step 1) • Soft stuffing, such as rags cut into strips or the filling from an old pillow • Dried lavender, lavender oil or dried rosemary (see box)

Choose your scent

Plants have been used to make medicines for thousands of years and could make going back to school feel a little easier. Lavender is thought to help calm nerves and rosemary can help memory recall. If you’re able to pick fresh lavender or rosemary, you need to dry it indoors for two weeks before adding it to your mascot.

• Two small, narrow elastic bands • Fabric glue • A selection of buttons, fabric scraps, fabric pens and/or permanent markers

First, stuff one sock. You could start with a handful of grains or pulses, which will help your mascot stand up (and feel nice to squish!) but it isn't essential. Then add some soft stuffing until the sock is as big as you’d like your mascot to be. Ours is about 10 cm.

Add two teaspoons of dried lavender or rosemar y, or sprinkle a few drops of lavender oil onto the stuffing.

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Wrap an elastic band tightly around the sock above the stuffing. Cut the rest of the sock off about 3 cm above the elastic band.

Continued on page 21 ➜

PULLOUT MEDICINE BODY POSTER

PULL OUT PAGES 17-20 AND GET MAKING!

Your body is packed with amazing organs! Each one has its own job to do but they are all working together to keep you healthy. Cut out the poster and organs and then stick on the organs to find out how they fit together.

You will need: • Scissors • Sticky tack

Find a printable version of the pullout here: bit.ly/3yXgj8s

What you do: 1. Cut out the organs and the poster on pages 18 and 19. 2. Stick the organs to the poster with sticky tack where you think they should go. 3. Take a look at the examples on the back of the poster to see if you’ve put them in the right place!

reversed internal organs and most of them have no medical problems – they usually don’t even know about it unless they have medical treatment for an illness or injury.

4. You could stick your poster to your wall with sticky tack if you like.

whizzpopbang.com 17

These words can be found in the grid below. They might be written forwards, backwards, horizontally, vertically or diagonally. Circle any that you find and check your answers on page 34.

F W N D M T O R X D S B

C U Z I O J E R H S N L

L V P M T Y N M P R D A

S U A N K S X L H X I D

J C N O V L E Z S J Y D

H V C Z I E U T R E Q E

E Z R V N H Y G N R E R

E P E P O R O D I I K M

T R A E H L I Z A T W X

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Every second, your body produces 25 million new cells.

BUILD A BODY!

Your bra in processes pain signals from the rest of your body, but the brain itself doesn’t feel any pain.

N E N G B H S K I N E T

H D S B X K T B R L B S

S K E L E T O N B I Z F

BLADDER BRAIN HEART INTESTINE KIDNEY LIVER LUNG PANCREAS SKELETON SKIN SPLEEN STOMACH

your answers Riddles Checkon page 34. 1. When you have your appendix removed, it’s an appendectomy. When your tonsils are removed, it’s a tonsillectomy. What is it when you have a growth from your head removed? 2. You have two of these and so do your shoes. What are they? 3. Two girls were born to the same mother on the same day in the same year, but they are not twins. How can this be?

The acid in your stomach is so strong it can dissolve metal. Don’t try this at home!

You t have abou of 100,000 km els blood vess dy. i n y o u r bo

Adults have fewer bones than babies! Adults have 206 bones, while babies have about 270 because some haven’t fused together yet.

What did the skeleton order for dinner? Spare ribs!

Your heart can beat up to 100,000 times a day without ever getting tired!

ers

so ?

whizzpopbang.com 19

PAN C

LUNGS

H AC

20 whizzpopbang.com R E AS

OM ST

Most people’s organs are arranged the same way. But in some people, the positions are reversed, like a mirror image. This is called ‘situs inversus’. About one in 10,000 people has reversed internal organs and most of them have no medical problems – they

SPL EEN

HEART

BRAIN

FRONT OF RIB CAGE

KIDNEYS

LARGE INTESTINE LIVER

BLADDER

SMALL INTESTINE

sock. Roll Cut the toe off the other to the head, up the cut edge. Glue it band. covering the top elastic

Add the second elastic band a third of the way down to make a head.

Photos @ Jenna Williams

Use buttons, scraps of fabric and pens to add features to your mascot. Pop it in your pocket on the first day of school!

ECO

ideas...

Got some bits and bobs left over? The Whizz Pop Bang Eco Club activities often make perfect personal gifts and save old clothes and forgotten food from going in the bin!

Continued from page 16

I’d love to see your mascot! Take a photo and ask an adult to tag us on social media @whizzpopbangmag and email it to Y@whizzpopbang.com It’s up to us to save the planet. Lots of small actions can make a BIG difference! Upcycled beanbag

Cut the ankle off a sock, sew up one open end, pour in pulses or grains, then sew up the other end.

Bracelets or hair bands Use sharp scissors to cut leftover socks into bands 2-3 cm wide. Stretch them, then release them – the edges will roll up. Simple!

whizzpopbang.com 21

➜

Interview with a SCIENCE HERO

In my job I get to... do science, treat patients AND be on TV!

Dr Chris van Tulleken is an infectious disease doctor and clinical research fellow at University College London Hospital. He also presents TV programmes for the BBC with his twin brother Xand, including Operation Ouch!

Dr Chris van T ulleken doctor and TV , scientist, presenter

“

In the lab, I study how viruses move from animals to people.

”

You may have heard of some of the viruses that came from animals – HIV, Ebola and the Covid-19 coronavirus. I also work in a hospital looking after patients with infections – and of course I present Operation Ouch! on CBBC.

“

Viruses tell us how the human body works.

”

use our cells to They have figured out how to s so if we study make more copies of themselve an body. It also them, it tells us about the hum ns. Vaccinations tells us how to make vaccinatio other invention have saved more lives than any ! in human history

“

The best thing about being a doctor is being with people at the most extreme moments of their lives.

”

Sometimes it‘s very happy, like when they give birth or get better from a seriou s illness. Sometimes it‘s very sad and you have to tell people there is a serious problem. But it‘s always interesting, and you can usually make even the worst situation a little better by listening and being kin d.

“

Doctors and nurses are never disgusted by our patients, so don't be shy if you have something unusual or embarrassing.

”

On Operation Ouch!

Interview with a SCIENCE HERO

“

Presenting Operation Ouch! is very fun sometimes and very disgusting at other times.

”

We did an experiment to show how you can extract the water from urin e so that it‘s drinkable – but the scientist wh o helped us ended up getting quite a lot of my wee in the sample of what should have been pure wa ter. I didn‘t realise until I was drinking it on camera . It was totally safe as we‘d boiled it, but still disgust ing!

Eating a giant cockroach on Operation Ouch! (specially prepared to be eaten! Don’t eat random bugs!)

“

I have travelled to lots of interesting places for my research.

”

Sometimes very hot places in the tropics and sometimes very cold places in the Arctic.

High altitude research in the Himalayas

“

”

It s not easy being a kid.

If you‘re struggling, don‘t be afraid to ask for help. And if you don‘t quite fit in, remember most people feel that way. Xand and I did!

Jumping into an ic e hole whi for a North Pole ra le training ce

“

We do things that other people might find disgusting.

”

I work at The Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London and we spend a lot of time looking at poo for evidence of worms. Once you‘ve done it a few times it‘s not disgusting any more.

“

You don t need to be a genius to become a scientist or a doctor…

”

...but you will need to work hard! You need to be really passionate about science and medicine, and you‘ll have to get fairly good grades. Xand and I really struggled at school until we were about 14, so if your grades aren‘t amazing, Find out more about xxxxxx you can definitely turn it around.

whizzpopbang.com 23

HOW STUFF

WORKS

Asthma inhalers Asthma inhalers are life-saving devices that help millions of people around the world control the symptoms of asthma, a respiratory condition where the airways in the lungs become narrowed, making it harder to breathe. Here’s how they work…

In the UK, 1 in 11 children have asthma – so there are probably two or three people in your class who use inhalers.

24 whizzpopbang.com

The main body of the inhaler is made of a moulded plastic tube.

Some people use spacers to make it easier to inhale the medicine properly, without any escaping. The spacer holds the medicine in the chamber to give you more time to breathe it in.

Colour coded Different-coloured inhalers contain different drugs. Blue inhalers contain drugs that open up the airways, called bronchodilators, and are used to relieve the immediate symptoms of an asthma attack, whereas brown inhalers contain steroids which are taken regularly to prevent asthma attacks from happening.

Inside the canister is a mixture of the medicine that helps treat the asthma, and a propellant gas. At normal air pressure, the

propellant and medicine mixture

would be a gas, but because it is squeezed under high pressure, most of it becomes a liquid in the canister.

A strong

metal canister

fits into the top of the inhaler body.

At the bottom of the canister is the metering valve, which controls how much of the liquid is let out when the inhaler is used.

A spray of medicine and propellant is fired out through the mouthpiece of the inhaler.

When the top of the canister is pressed down, a small plastic device called a nozzle-type actuator pushes up and a single dose of the medicine inside the canister is let out through the metering valve.

The dose of high-pressure liquid squirts out through the spray nozzle and instantly turns into a gas as it is released from the high pressure inside the canister.

If you are lucky enough not to have asthma, you can get an idea of what an asthma attack feels like by breathing through a drinking straw and then pinching the straw a little to make it narrower. You will find it much harder and less comfortable to breathe when the airflow is restricted, in the same way that the airways become narrowed in an asthma attack.

whizzpopbang.com 25

g... in z a m A ly e m o s e w A 0 1

L A C I D E F U T URE M overies could These incredible disc th forever! change human heal

Tiny surgical nanobots can

be injected or swallowed to treat tricky-to-reach body parts, such as inside the heart. Nanobots that can stick to disease cells, release medicines and then dissolve are already being tested.

Fed up of waiting to see a doctor? The data gathered by wearable tech can be used by artificial intelligence (AI) to

predict medical problems before people even feel ill!

2 4

Have you ever seen a flying poo?! Soon, samples including poo, wee and blood could be transported by drone so they reach hospitals as quickly as possible.

26 whizzpopbang.com

3D-printed personalised medicines mean patients can take tablets that are precisely calculated for different conditions and body sizes. They can be printed in different forms, too – even as gummy

animal-shaped pills!

New life-saving vaccines

are on the way, thanks in part to the massive effort that went into developing the mRNA vaccines against coronaviruses. Scientists are now working on mRNA vaccines to protect us from flu, HIV, some cancers, cystic fibrosis and more.

S E C N A V A L AD

Brain-controlled technology detects electrical impulses that are generated when a person thinks about a particular movement, then uses this to control bionic body parts. This could be life-changing for people with limb differences.

3D-printed body parts use patients’

own stem cells so they’re less likely to be rejected by the immune system. 3D-printed ears, bones and skin are already being tested.

ed Custom-print ean m organs would ave to h patients won’ta donor. wait to find The telomeres at the ends of our chromosomes (tightly coiled bundles of DNA) get shorter as we age. Nanotechnology could be used to lengthen them again, slowing down aging and

enabling us to live much longer.

Many medical conditions are caused by gene mutations that are passed from parent to child. In the future, gene therapy

(editing genes) could restore lost sight and hearing, as well as improving or curing many other conditions.

Thanks to data gathered by the NHS, tailor-made cancer treatments will soon be available. This means that chemotherapy (which has unpleasant side effects) will only be given when it’s most likely to work.

© 1. Lightspring / Shutterstock.com, 2. University College London (UCL) - FabRx, 3. Maria Symchych / Shutterstock.com, 4. AnnaStills / Shutterstock.com, 5. Suwin / Shutterstock.com, 6. Össur, 7. Scharfsinn / Shutterstock.com, 8. JKrakenimages.com / Shutterstock.com, 9. andriano.cz / Shutterstock.com, 10. Elnur / Shutterstock.com

whizzpopbang.com 27

Sensational Scientists

Edward Jenner by Kate Powell

EDWARD JENNER WAS BORN IN BERKELEY IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE IN 1749.

The coronavirus pandemic has shown us how important vaccines are for helping prevent disease or making it less harmful. But where did the word vaccination come from, and who invented it?

Edward Jenner grew up in Gloucestershire. Like many children at the time, he was inoculated against a disease called smallpox.

Inoculation was practised in Africa and Asia long before

it became common in Europe and America. A tiny bit of smallpox pus was put into a cut in the skin of a healthy person. This caused them to develop a milder form of the disease than if they had caught it naturally. Once they had recovered, they were protected from catching it again. But smallpox was a horrible disease, causing fever, tiredness and spots filled with pus all over the body. It left survivors with scars and was known as ‘the speckled monster’ because so many people died from it. Inoculation was very risky, and some people – including Edward – became seriously ill. Some people even died.

28 whizzpopbang.com

As a teenager, Edward learned about medicine by working alongside a local surgeon. He then went to study at a hospital in London before returning to work as a doctor in his home town.

Edward loved serving his community and listening to what people talked about. One story particularly intrigued him: women who caught a mild illness called cowpox from milking their cows never seemed to catch smallpox. One day, a milkmaid called Sarah came to see him about a rash on her hand. She had caught cowpox from Blossom, her cow. This was Edward’s chance to test his new theory! He asked James, his gardener’s eight-year-old son, who had never had smallpox, to help him.

1796: THE RISKY EXPERIMENT Edward took pus from one of Sarah’s spots and rubbed it into some scratches on James’s arm. James caught cowpox but recovered nine days later. Next, Edward infected James with smallpox pus, but... he didn’t get ill! James was protected from smallpox by having had cowpox.

Vacca is the Latin word for cow. Edward called his new procedure vaccination. Within twenty years of its discovery, Edward’s smallpox vaccine had saved millions of lives. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been completely wiped out. Today, there are lots of different vaccines available that protect us from many dangerous diseases.

Spot nine differences between this picture of Blossom the cow and the one in the scene below. Check your answers on page 34.

HOW DO VACCINES WORK? Most modern vaccines contain a dead or weakened form of a germ (a virus or bacterium that causes disease). Your body thinks the vaccine is a real germ and makes antibodies (your very own team of molecular superheroes) to destroy it. The antibodies attach themselves to the germ and kill it.

Later, if you come into contact with the real germ, your body recognises it and produces the same kind of superhero antibodies to fight it, so you don’t get ill.

Email me at Y@whizzpopbang.com

F oR

der Club! Welcome to Y’s Won to share your This page is for you with our adventures in science hizz Pop Bang robot, Y, and other W atured on readers! Everyone fe an this page will receive e! enamel pin badg

If my blood is red then why are my veins blue? Surely they should be red like blood.

CURIoUS K I DS

Matilda, aged 11

Aya, aged 7, an d Grace, aged 5, created their o time capsule wn s from Emmi’s Eco C lub in Issue 82.

S TA R L ET T E R

You’ve won this book!

Your blood is red due to ha emoglobin (say he-mo-globe-in It looks bright red when it’s ). carrying oxygen and becom es darker red when the oxygen has been used. But it’s NEVER blue! Have you noticed it’s the deeper blood vessels wh ich look more blue through pal e skin? That’s because light from the red end of the visible spe ctrum can travel a long way through skin (5-10 mm) – far enough to reach a deep ves sel and be absorbed. Blue light can’t get through your skin as easily, so it is the main colou r reflected back to your eye s when you look at a deep blo od vessel – making these loo k bluer than the ones closer to the skin.

Dear Y, How is dust made?

Thank you! Raif, aged 9

two thirds of Dust is a mixture of lots of things. About dirt from and soot n, it comes from outdoors, like polle , dead fluff of es piec shoes. The rest is made from tiny dead eria, bact ), pets insects, hair (from humans and contains skin cells and bits of food. The mixture also cells. They skin dead the tiny dust mites, which feast on dust too! the of part poo as they eat, and that becomes aces surf hard wipe to The best way to clean up dust is High a with um with a damp cloth and use a vacu Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter.

Wilbur, aged 5, t made these grea ys to n ia or ct Vi featured in the pullout of Issue 82.

Y’s Wonder Club Badges Help local wildlife to earn your Wildlife Watcher badge.

Investigate scientific questions to earn your Super Scientist badge.

Caissa , practis aged 7, is ing on Granda her d keys, w ’s Morse wired u hich he p for h er.

Collectable enamel badges for you to earn! Help save the planet to earn your Eco Hero badge.

Why are robin eggs blue?

From Zachary, aged 6

We often talk about ‘robin egg blue’, but that’s because American robins have blue eggs! Here in Europe, our robins lay speckled beige eggs, but some of our birds, including blackbirds and dunnocks, do lay blue eggs. They make the blue colour using biliverdin (say billy-ver-din), which is made from broken-down blood cells. Scientists think the blue pigment might protect the developing baby birds from harmful UV radiation from the Sun, while still allowing them to warm up to just the right temperature (because darker colours absorb more heat energy from sunlight).

It was great to see that so many of you took the engineering challenge from our Victorian Inventions edition (issue 82)… Lily, aged 8

Humans make biliverdin too – it’s what makes that green colour in an old bruise as your body breaks down the blood from an injury and clears it away.

American robin

Samuel, aged 7

Haydon, aged 6

Isaac, aged 6

Eleanor, aged

Amar, aged 5

Get problem solving to earn your Epic Engineer badge.

Lydia, aged 8, and Amber, aged 4

Write a report or a review to earn your Science Reporter badge.

Send your experiments, ideas, photos, reviews and questions to Y@whizzpopbang.com or Y, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Don’t forget to include your name, age and address. We can’t return any post, sorry.

To find out how to earn your badges, go to whizzpopbang.com/wonder-club. Schools can get involved too! Find out how here: bit.ly/39xNQ Q qV

whizzpopbang.com 31

um/ Test your m to dad/doctor

How much can you remember from this issue?

see what they know!

1 3

Test your knowledge with our super-duper quiz. Just tick the answers you think are correct, mark them using the answers on page 34 and then add up your score. If you need some help, check out the hints at the bottom of the page.

On average, how many times does a heart beat in a day? a) 1,000 times

a) Agar

b) 10,000 times

b) Ajar

c) 1 00,000 times

c) Afar

What part of the body does asthma affect? a) The foot

What disease had the nickname ‘the speckled monster’? a) Tuberculosis

he lungs b) T

b) T yphoid

c) The bottom

What can Streptococcus bacteria cause?

c) Smallpox

a) Verrucas b) A sore throat c) Chickenpox

What is the name of the gel used for growing bacteria in petri dishes?

How could wee, poo and blood be een transported betw re? hospitals in futu a) By X-ray y drone b) B

What does a general anaesthetic do?

a) Makes a patient fall asleep

Why did the teddy bear go to the doctor? She was feeling stuffed up!

b) Kills germs akes the body react to c) M something harmless, like pollen

How far can llamas fire their spit?

Answers on page 34.

I scored: ..........

a) About 30 m

1-3: Pat on the back!

b) A bout 30 cm

4-6: Thumbs up!

c) More than 3 m

y 6G c) B Need a hint? Find the answers by reading these pages… 1) Page 19 2) Page 35 3) Page 24 4) Page 28 5) Page 6 6) Page 8 7) Page 26 8) Page 12

7-8: Bulging brain!

W ! IN

Ambulance ride!

Gakk has had a skateboard mishap and is off to hospital for an X-ray! Colour in the picture and then find the hidden shapes inside the ambulance. Circle them and take a photo of your picture, then send it in for a chance to win one of five fantastic Body Lab kits.

Hidden shapes

Body lab kit With this brilliant kit from brightminds.co.uk, you can listen to a heartbeat, measure the air in your lungs and test muscle memory. Discover the strength of hair, analyse fingerprints and explore the good and bad bacteria on your skin, plus lots more! Send a photo of your answers to win@whizzpopbang.com with ‘Medicine competition’ as the subject of your email. Alternatively, post your picture to Medicine competition, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Please don’t forget to include your name, age and address. Sorry, we are unable to return any post. Deadline: October 8th 2022. UK residents only. Full terms and conditions available at whizzpopbang.com.

WINNERS

Issue 84 competition winners Thank you to everyone who sent in their pictures to our Swimming competition. Your pictures were swim-sational! These five lucky winners will each receive a Great White Shark Anatomy Model kit from www.thamesandkosmos.co.uk:

Alex Caird, 7

Seth Arnold, 8

Marianne Hoban, 10

Hannah Al-Saudi, 10

Katherine Connolly, 9

whizzpopbang.com 33

JOKES

“Doctor, doc ointment clea tor, will this r up my spots ?” “I never make rash promises !” a e lik el fe I , or ct do “Doctor, pair of curtains.” n!” “Pull yourself together, ma

What did you think of our medicine edition? Tell us your views here: bit.ly/3AjvIkm

“Doctor, do c like a pack tor, I feel of cards.” “Don’t worr y. I deal with yo can u!”

“Doctor, docto r seeing into the , I keep future.” “When did this start?” “Next Tuesday !”

“Doctor, doctor, everyone thinks I am a liar.” “I find that hard to believe.”

will I be able to “Doctor, doctor, r the operation?” e ft a o n a pi e th y pla “Yes, of course.” ld before!” ou c r e v e n I t! a re “G

Page 6 – True/Untrue

Page 13 – Llamas puzzle

TRUE: Sneezes send out a spray of germ-filled snot droplets that travel up to 8 metres through the air.

Here is how to separate the llamas by adding two square pens.

Page 7 – Pills and plasters puzzle a nn

Clayb

Food poisoning and some other illnesses can make you vomit. It’s gross, but your body does this to get the germs out!

Hi! Real germs are microscopic and too small to see – making it easier for them to get into our bodies!

Meet some of the main culprits! I don't feel very well!

Salmonella bacteria can make you sick if they get into your food.

rne ou

Many diseases happen because GERMS get into your body.

By A

+ MEDICAL MARVELS Got a headache, hay fever or a nasty cut? There’s a medicine for that! We use medical treatments for all kinds of illnesses and injuries, from soothing a sore throat to having lifesaving surgery.

Anti-nausea medicine reduces stomach acid to stop you feeling sick (nauseous).

Flu virus

Cough syrup

Streptococcus

contains drugs that block the brain signals that make you cough.

you a sore throat

Common cold virus

Fake vomit

This germ is a fungus, related to mushrooms! It causes itchy, flaky athlete’s foot

Coronavirus

These germs get in through your mouth and nose and make you ill, causing a fever (high temperature), coughs and sneezes or a runny nose.

For super-realistic fake vomit, all you need is a few biscuits or crackers, half a cup of milk and half a cup of vinegar. Mash them together in a bowl with a fork. For extra colour, ask an adult to help you chop up a carrot, then stir in the bits!

A sneeze can spread germs up to 8 metres away.

…while this virus causes veruccas!

Why did the doctor get cross? She ran out of patients!

Painkillers like paracetamol and ibuprofen block pain signals going to your brain.

Bleurggghhh! How do nuts sneeze? Cashew!!

Answers Page 18 – Organs wordsearch

What’s in the cabinet?

bacteria can give

This virus (a type of extra-tiny germ) causes chickenpox

Each month, readers who fill in the survey will be entered into a prize draw to win an awesome Whizz Pop Bang Science Scrapbook

Check out this slo-mo sneeze video! n.pr/3MUTO7L

Vomit smells bad because of the acids in your stomach. The vinegar makes your fake sick smell similar!

Antiseptic cream kills germs to stop them getting into cuts and scrapes.

NEVER take any medicines unless a parent or doctor tells you to! Medicines can be harmful if you take the wrong kind, or too much.

Can you spot 10 of each of these plasters in this scene? Check your answers on page 34.

6 whizzpopbang.com

Page 8 – X-rays puzzle These are the body parts in the X-rays: a) Finger b) Spine (back) c) Wrist d) Foot Page 12 – True/Untrue TRUE: When they are angry, scared or defending food, llamas can spit a green blob of stinky half-digested food at their enemy and can reach targets more than 3 metres away.

Page 18 – Riddles Page 14 – Patchwork puzzle Here are the two parts of the patchwork quilt:

1) A haircut! 2) Heels. 3) They are two of three triplets. Page 29 – Cow spot the difference 1) Direction of horn 2) Colour of horns 3) Mouse 4) Number of teats on Blossom’s udder 5) White underside 6) Spilled milk 7) Lines on bucket 8) Bite out of cheese 9) Length of tail Page 32 – Quiz 1) c 2) a 3) b 4) c 5) b 6) a 7) b 8) c

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This artwork is made entirely of bacteria growing on a special gel called agar (a type of sugar made from algae). Bacteria eat the agar and multiply to form a visible colony. This means scientists can study them, helping them to diagnose diseases and find new treatments. To stop any unwanted microbes getting in and spoiling their experiments, the agar is poured into round, shallow plates with lids called Petri dishes. When they were invented in 1887, they were made of glass but nowadays plastic is used. In this Petri dish, the bacteria were introduced in the shape of flowers and then started multiplying into the colonies you can see.

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