Whizz Pop Bang Science Magazine for Kids! Issue 94: BUZZY BEES!

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B E Y E Z

ISSN 2399 -2840

THE AWESOME SCIENCE MAGAZINE FOR KIDS!

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PEEK A I N S I D EV E BEEHI Why bees swarm!

Y YUMMY HONE N POPCOR

WHIZZPOPBANG.COM ISSUE 94

EXPERIMENTS PUZZLES AMAZING FACTS SCIENCE NEWS

WELCOME!

Lots of pe ople are scared of be es be cause of their stings.

Howe ve r, be es don’t want to sting pe ople – they normally use their sting when they fe only el thre at ened. Next time yo u se e be e, stay calm and still, and take a close -up look at it. No a its furry body and se e if yo u can count how many legs an tic e d body se ctions it has. Doe s it have an y po lle n at ta ch ed to it?

Which flowe rs is it visiting?

Once you star you’ll se e how amazing these t obse rving be es, insects are!

I’m waggle dancing like a honey bee!

Riley

Where you see this symbol, use a QR code reader on a phone or tablet to visit a relevant web page.

ESOME

THE AW

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Make a constellation torch!

journ eys to school

SPOO CREATEGHT-UP S LI TION DECORA

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Craft your own travel bag

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KIDS!

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us get around

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EX PE RIM

Editor-in-Chief: Jenny Inglis Editor: Tammy Osborne Assistant Editor: Tara Pardo Designers: Rachael Fisher and Simon Oliver Illustrator: Clive Goodyer Staff writer: Joanna Tubbs Contributors: Sarah Bearchell, Anna Claybourne, Joe Inglis, Owen Inglis and Kirsty Williams

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ISSN 2399-2840

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Emmi

We’re absolutely buzzing about this issue – it’s all about bees!

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EXPER IMENT S PUZZL

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Welcome to WHIZZ POP BANG – the magazine bursting with enticing articles, mind-boggling facts and hands-on experiments to get your child hooked on science! Whizz Pop Bang is a gender-neutral magazine with plenty of inspirational male and female scientists and content that appeals to all children.

The magazine is ideal for home educators and it’s linked to the national curriculum too, for use in schools. Whizz Pop Bang will help with literacy development as well. Transform science teaching in your school with our hands-on science and reading resources. Our downloadable lesson packs link fun science experiments and reading with key curriculum topics for years 2-6. Subscribe at whizzpopbang.com/schools

!

All experiments have been tried and tested by our team.

The activities should be done under close adult supervision and are done at your own risk. Launchpad Publishing Ltd cannot accept liability for damage done.

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© 2023 Launchpad Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents of WHIZZ POP BANG without written permission is prohibited. Illustrations: © 2023 Clive Goodyer

CONTENTS

4

AWESOME NEWS AND AMAZING FACTS

Get the latest buzz on bees, see NASA’s new spacesuit and meet the prehistoric reptile discovered by a dog!

BRILLIANT BEES!

6

Find out what it’s like to be a bee, do a pollination experiment, make yummy honey popcorn and more!

Meet the fearless honey badger, who raids bees’ nests for honey.

14

12

SILLY SCIENCE

Shake your bee-hind as you play this waggle dance challenge game!

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Sh ut te

© Shutterstock.com

ANIMAL ANTICS

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k.c om

EMMI’S ECO CLUB

16

© Isaac Mb

17

Use brilliant beeswax to make reusable food wraps.

PULLOUT

Fly a paper bee and make a bumblebee bookmark, then solve some riddles and puzzles.

fD /B ro h

INTERVIEW WITH A SCIENCE HERO

Meet the super scientist who has found a way for bees to help people in poverty.

G

ha na

24 Atom

22

HOW STUFF WORKS

Ever wondered how honey gets from bees to our breakfast table? Peek inside a beehive to find out!

TEN AWESOMELY AMAZING…

26

Honeycomb structures! Discover how hexagons are used to make all sorts of objects strong, light and flexible.

SENSATIONAL SCIENTISTS

28

Zoologist Charles Henry Turner made some incredible discoveries about lots of insects, including bees!

30

Y’S WONDER CLUB

Ask our robot, Y, your burning science questions and share all of your adventures in science with the club.

I’d love to see pictures of your experiments! Send them to 32 Y@whizzpopbang.com and ask an adult to tag us on social media 34 @whizzpopbangmag

35

BG © Jeff Eden / R

Kew

QUIZ POP BANG AND COMPETITION

Test your knowledge with our super-duper science quiz and win a beehive mancala game!

JOKES AND ANSWERS

Laugh out loud at some awesome jokes and find the answers to all of our quizzes, puzzles and riddles.

SPECTACULAR SCIENCE

See the amazing spectacle of bees building a bridge!

FIND THE SCIENCE EQUIPMENT Hidden on each double page is a piece of science equipment. Tick each one to find the complete kit!

s Awesome New cts and Amazing Fa

MEET RAFFLE THE

Sometimes, two hands just aren’t enough. But imagine if you could have a third arm to give you a helping hand tidying your bedroom!

Scientists in Switzerland are working on ways to improve the human body by adding wearable robotic limbs. Previously, their work has focused on developing ‘bionic’ limbs for people who have lost one of their own. Now they are turning their attention to transhumanism – enhancing the human body with the help of technology. Perhaps one day we’ll all have several extra arms, like Spider-Man’s nemesis Dr Octopus!

© 2019 EPFL / Alain Herzog

NEW SPACESUIT REVEALED No more bulky marshmallow-man outfits – modern spacesuits are streamlined and flexible, and they’re more comfortable for women too. NASA has finally revealed the new spacesuit for the Artemis III Moon mission. This mission – due to take place later this decade – will land astronauts, including the first woman, on the Moon to explore its mysterious south pole.

PLESIOSAUR

© Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre

© Sony Pictures Entertainment

A HELPING HAND

This incredible 190-million-year-old plesiosaur is named after Raffle the dog, who discovered it among the rocks on the beach at Lyme Regis, on the Jurassic Coast. It has taken 16 years for fossil experts to extract, prepare and piece together the 750 bones. Plesiosaurs were long-necked marine reptiles that thrived in the Jurassic seas of Dorset. They had powerful paddle-like limbs, which allowed them to swim through the water. This is one of only a few 3D plesiosaur fossils in the world. The first complete plesiosaur was discovered by palaeontologist and fossil collector Mary Anning at Lyme Regis in 1824. You can see Raffle for yourself at the brilliant

Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre, by the famous fossil beach at Charmouth, near Lyme Regis.

is dark grey, Although this prototype ite to help keep the final version will be wh space. the astronauts cool in © Axiom Space

BEE-WITCHED Is it a bird? Is it a plane? Or is it… a bee flying on a tiny broomstick?! This amazing photo actually shows a female mason bee carrying a grass stalk to her snail-shell nest. She will use the grass to hide her nest from predators. The picture was taken during the filming of David Attenborough’s new series W ild Isles, which is available to watch on BBC iPlayer.

© Alice Bridges (CC-BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

BRAINY BEES Bees feeding from a puzzle box opened by pushing a blue tab.

Like other primates, we learn by watching others. Experiments have shown that bumblebees can also learn tasks in this way. And now a study has shown that new skills can spread through bumblebee colonies. The researchers trained a group of bumblebees to open a puzzle box by pushing a blue tab to get to the yummy sugar solution inside. The trained bees were then put with untrained bees and filmed. Over the next week, colonies with trained bees in opened more puzzle boxes than control colonies with no trained bees in. This suggests that the trained bees had taught the other bees their new skills, and that this behaviour had spread throughout the colony. © BBC/Silverb ack Films/John Walte

rs

© Clear Channel UK

BUZZ-STOPS Coming soon to a bus shelter near you:

bee bus stops with living roofs are popping up all over the UK. The roofs are planted with a mixture of bee-friendly flowering plants so that bees have somewhere to find nectar in built-up urban areas. Over 97% of the UK’s wildflower meadows have been lost since the 1930s. Today, just 1% of Britain’s land area is flower-rich grassland. Bee bus stops are already in 100 locations nationwide, from Brighton to Bristol and from Southampton to Sunderland, with over 30 in Leicester alone.

The company responsible, Clear Channel UK, aims to install at least 1,000 of these miniature meadows around Britain’s cities.

Environmentalists hope bee bus stops will inspire people living in cities to plant living roofs on their sheds and garages. whizzpopbang.com 5

t n B a i e e s! l l i r B B y A n n a Cl a y b o u r n e

When you think of a bee, you probably think of a buzzing honey bee, flying from flower to flower. Or maybe a big fluffy bumblebee. But did you know there are LOADS of other bees too? In fact, there are around 20,000 different species!

The bees have been enlarged here to make them easier to see. Check their actual sizes against a ruler to see how incredibly small some are!

Spotted red resin bee 14 mm

Green-headed sweat bee

Blue mason bee

11 mm

10 mm

Tropical carpenter bee 35 mm

Flat-tailed leaf-cutter bee 8 mm

Patagonian bumblebee 30 mm

European wool carder bee 12 mm

Orchid bee

13 mm

All bees can sting.

All photos © Shutterstock.com

Answer on page 34

Wallace’s giant bee 38 mm

Fairy bee

World’s biggest bee!

1.8 mm One of the world’s smallest bees

Sweat bees feed by slurping up human and animal sweat and tears!

SOLO OR SOCIAL?

Honey bees live together in a big group called a colony, sharing their nest or hive. They’re known as social insects.

But some other bees, like sweat bees and carder bees, are solitary (they live alone).

They find a mate and have babies, but they don’t live in a big group.

Hairy-footed flower bee

How can you tell a wasp from a bee when you’re out and about?

Use our handy guide!

BEES

Bees usually have a rounder body shape

They have a proboscis, a straw-like mouth for sucking up food

They often have hairy or fluffy bodies and thick legs Like all insects, both have six legs and three body sections:

WASPS

Honey bee Abdomen

Thorax

Head They have biting jaws, used for hunting prey

Most wasps have a skinnier body shape with a narrow ‘waist’

What do you call a bee who’s hard to understand?

A mumble bee!

Make a bee model and learn about a bee’s anatomy (the parts of its body).

Yo u will need

A solitary bee in its nest

WHICH IS WHICH?

BEE CREATIVE!

Common wasp

lack and yellow felt B Black pipe cleaners Coloured and white paper G lue Black pen Tracing paper or baking parchment

What you do 1. Cut out two yellow felt circles, for the thorax and head, and an oval for the abdomen.

2. Stick them onto the coloured paper, as in the picture.

3. From the black felt, cut out and stick some strips onto the abdomen, and two ovals onto the head for eyes.

4. Make six legs, two antennae (feelers), a sting and a proboscis from pipe cleaners, and stick them on.

5. Cut four tracing paper wings, draw on veins, and stick them to the thorax.

6. Finally, make labels for all the body parts and stick them on too!

They’re less hairy than bees

Bee or wasp?

Use the guide above to help you decide!

Check your answers on page 34.

A

B

C

whizzpopbang.com 7

b e y es e n Ho and hive s

Honey bees are the bees we see most often. Wild honey bees make nests hanging from trees or rocks, but lots of honey bees now live in human-made hives. Beekeepers look after them and take some of their honey for humans to eat.

Worker bees build honeycomb using beeswax,

a hard wax they produce from glands under their abdomen.

Honeycomb is made up of small hexagon-shaped spaces called cells. The bees use some cells to store honey and other food.

In others, the queen lays eggs that hatch into baby bees.

All

W ild honey bee nests look like this

Beekeeper

Honeycomb

The hive contains wooden frames where the bees build their honeycomb and store their honey

HEXAGON HONEYCOMB

Worker bee

Honey

Hive

Why hexagons?

The cells are hexagons because this shape tessellates, or fits together, allowing bees to make the most cells with the least possible wax.

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Can you finish drawing a hexagon pattern here?

Beekeepers wear protective outfits to avoid being stung!

What’s black and yellow and flies 10,000 m high?

A bee on a plane!

HELPFUL HONEY BEES

Honey bees get their food from flowers.

They collect nectar, a sweet juice they use to make honey, and pollen, a yellow dust found in the middle of flowers that contains protein.

But the honey bees help the flowers too. Pollen has to spread from one flower to another to make fruits and seeds grow. This is called pollination. As bees fly from flower to flower, some of the pollen sticks to their hairy legs and bodies and gets transferred to the next flower they visit.

This worker is visiting a flower.

POLLINATION DEMONSTRATION! This easy experiment sh ows how bees just can’t help pollin ating the flowers they visit!

Yo u will need

he flowers picture and bee illustration T in the pullout section (page 18) Glue A pipe cleaner or soft paintbrush Two different coloured powders, such as powder paints, grated coloured chalks, or cocoa powder and icing sugar, to use as pollen

What you do 1. Cut out the flower picture and bee illustration from the pullout section (page 18).

She will suck nectar out of the middle of the flower.

2. Put a little pile of one type of powder on the first two flowers and the other powder on the second two.

She collects pollen in special holders on her legs, called

pollen baskets.

At the same time, she gets extra pollen on her body and legs.

3. Glue your bee to the pipe cleaner or paintbrush (with the bristles at the bee end).

4. Make the bee land on the second flower, move around a bit, then fly to the third flower, then back again.

You should find: Bees feed on flowers and help them by spreading pollen between them, so they can make fruit and seeds.

However careful you are, flowers 2 and 3 will get some of each other’s pollen powder!

But this doesn’t happen to flowers 1 and 4, as the bee didn’t visit them.

We need bees too! Bees pollinate lots of wild plants, but we also rely on them to pollinate most of our food crops – including strawberries, vanilla, carrots, apples, grapes, cotton and many more.

whizzpopbang.com 9

BEING A BEE

There are a few male bees called drones.

Their job is to mate with a queen bee.

What’s it like being a honey bee in a big colony? Well, it depends what type of bee you are!

A colony can have up to 80,000 bees, made up of three different types:

The rest of the time, we just sit and wait!

c su

Busy, busy, busy…

Buzz, buzz, buzz...

4. Workers fan

Most of the bees are female workers, and they do all the work!

Their jobs include…

the cells with their wings to help the honey dry out and get thicker.

feeding the drones, queen and baby bees

All photos © Shutterstock.com

flying out to collect food

It’s ma’am to you!

making wax and building honeycomb cleaning and guarding the hive or nest

Then there’s the big queen.

She lays eggs to make more worker bees. She also releases scents called pheromones (say FER-uh-moans) that tell the other bees what she needs.

What says “Zzub zzub zzub”?

A bee flying backwards!

BRAINY BEES

Bees are small, but smart! Scientists have found they’re some of the cleverest of all insects. They can give each other messages about where to find food (see page 14) and even do well in intelligence tests – especially bumblebees (see page 5).

Ha! Can’t fool me! © in

lva

Sy Ale m

10 whizzpopbang.com

Bumblebees can work out how to pull a string to get food.

Bumblebees can also play with balls, and playing is a sign of intelligence in animals.

Honey bees can learn to recognise different human faces!

The queen bee is larger than the other bees

S

HONEY POPCORN

MAKING HONEY

Honey bees make honey to feed growing baby bees and as a food store for themselves during the winter, when there aren’t many flowers. But how do they make it?

1. A worker bee

If you like honey, try this quick and easy honey popcorn snack!

2. She stores the nectar in a

collects nectar, a sugary, runny liquid, from flowers.

special organ in her body called the ‘crop’ or ‘honey stomach’.

There, chemicals called enzymes start changing the nectar into honey.

Yo u will need

opping corn P 2 tablespoons of runny honey 2 tablespoons of butter or margarine

crop

What you do

an h o ey get

1. Ask an adult to help you make the popcorn, following the instructions on the pack, and put it in a large bowl.

3. Back at the hive or nest, the worker passes the honey to another worker, who puts it into a honeycomb cell – but it’s still quite runny.

S AV E T H E B EES!

Sadly, bees are in decline – their numbers are falling fast.

There are several possible reasons for this: Habitat loss – flowery grasslands are being destroyed The varroa mite – a bee parasite is causing ‘colony collapse’

You can

help bees by planting a bee garden!

Pesticides – chemicals used to protect crops from insect pests are also harming bees The climate crisis – flowers are opening before bees emerge from hibernation But you can help! If you don’t have a garden, plant a window box with wildflowers or herbs.

You can find out about bee-friendly plants here: bit.ly/40XlHVb If you do have a garden, you could also ask your parents to let some of it grow wild and to avoid using pesticides.

2. Put the honey and butter in a small microwave-proof bowl and microwave on full power for 20 seconds.

3. Stir them together, then drizzle the mixture over the popcorn and mix well.

Honey contains sugar, which gives you lots of energy (but make sure you brush your teeth afterwards!). It also contains vitamins, minerals and germ-killing chemicals.

AL ANIM S TIC

AN

Honey badgers This month, our vet Joe Inglis is on the trail of a species of badger with a taste for honey – and a fearsome reputation.

Honey badgers, which are also known as ratels, are found in Africa and Asia. Despite their name, they are more like their cousins, the weasels, polecats, skunks and ferrets, than other badger species.

Going underground © Shutterstock.com

About the size of a small dog, honey badgers are long and muscular. They have short, powerful legs and sharp claws, which they use for hunting, fighting and digging. They can dig super-quickly into the ground, either in search of prey to eat or to make themselves an underground den for shelter and protection.

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Yummy honey!

Honey badgers aren’t fussy eaters – they will eat almost anything they can get their claws on, including lizards, mice, berries and fruit, snakes and, of course, honey. Their super-thick skin protects them from stings, so they can raid beehives and feast on the energyrich honey and bee larvae inside.

Brutal badgers

Animal armour

With their fierce claws, sharp teeth and tough skin, honey badgers can be just as dangerous as some of the animals they hunt. They are known to attack almost any other animal that threatens them, even much larger predators like lions and hyenas. There are even reports of honey badgers attacking people, but only when they are threatened and have no way of escaping.

Honey badgers’ tough skin means they can also tackle other dangerous prey that most predators would run a mile from, including some of the deadliest snakes in Africa, such as puff adders and cobras.

Honey, I’m home!

Honey badger farts help them raid beehives!

Answer on page 34

2 3 6 7 8

3

5 4

5

1

3

4

6 8

5

7

8 7

11 10 8

6

7

10 8

8 9

9

6

10 8 9

BIG brains

7

11 12 8

6 10 9

10 11

9

16 13 9 12 11 12 13 15 12 16 17 15 14 13 14 19 21 18 16 15 18 16 11 12 15 20 22 20 17 19 18 23 21 16 23 21 18 20 21 22 23 24 24 21 18 19 21 22 25

Draw a single line from 1-25.

Check your answer on page 34.

Honey badgers are not all brawn and no brain, though. They have large brains for their size, and studies of rescued animals in captivity have shown that they can solve complex problems and even use simple tools.

whizzpopbang.com 13

Shake and shimmy your bee-hind in this flower-finding game!

When they discover flowers full of delicious nectar, honey bees go back to their hive and do a waggle dance to tell all the other bees where to find the nectar. Their marvellous moves show the rest of the hive which way to go and how far away they are.

Sometimes, honey bees compete in a dance battle!

As they try to get the most attention for their nectar source, they might disrupt each other's dances or even fight each other.

Yo u will need At least two players

A homemade paper flower or a colourful toy to represent a flower

hers How many dance teac a does it take to change light bulb? ht!

Five! Six! Seven! Eig

Which bee is on the right path to the flower? Check your answer on page 34.

14 whizzpopbang.com

Do the waggle dance!

A large space outside (or use the extra instructions to play indoors) Your best moves!

The waggle takes place near the entrance of the hive, so watching bees can make a quick exit to the food source.

What yo u do

If it’s even further, circle round again – this time to the left – and do a third waggle. This is why waggle-dancing bees look like they’re making figure-of-eights.

l

1. Choose a spot outside to be the home base – the hive.

2. One person who isn’t playing in this round should take the flower and place it somewhere outside while the others aren’t looking. (The ‘waggling bee’ player can do this if there are only two players.)

SECOND RETURN PHASE

3. Now the waggling bee must zoom off and find the flower. Don’t forget to buzz! The other players should cover their eyes.

4. Once you have found the flower, buzz back to the other bees and then use these moves to tell them where it is, just like a honey bee does… l Wiggle your bottom to the left and right while walking forwards five steps in the direction of the flower (this is the ʼwaggle phaseʼ of the dance). l The number of waggle phases tells the other bees how far away the flowers are. If it’s close, do one waggle phase of five steps. If it’s a bit further away, circle to the right and come back to the start (the ʼreturn phaseʼ), then do a second waggle.

The intensity of the waggle can show how good the nectar source is – the faster the waggle, the better the source.

A waggle dance can include 100 or more circuits.

WAGGLE PHASE

FIRST RETURN PHASE

5. When you have finished, the rest of the bees should set off in search of the flower. The first one who finds it and returns to the hive wins the round.

6. If you have four players or more, you can play in teams, each with its own flower to find – race against each other to be the first to find the flower and get back to the hive.

7. If you are playing indoors, still waggle in the same way – in the direction of the flower and repeating waggles to show the distance – but add in some extra moves to show the other bees when to turn left, right or go upstairs. You could shake a wing to show which way to turn and do some jumps to show you’re going up or down steps. You could make up your own moves and teach them to the other bees at the start of the game.

Different species of honey bees have slightly different types of waggle dance. In 2008, researchers found that in a mixed colony of Asiatic and European honey bees, they were gradually able to understand each other’s dances.

Since the sections of honeycomb in a hive are vertical, bees can’t dance in the direction of the nectar. Instead, they dance at different angles to the vertical to show fellow bees where the flowers are in relation to the Sun.

whizzpopbang.com 15

b... clu O C E

Emmi’s

Use one of bees’ amazing creations to reduce plastic waste!

BEESWAX FOOD WRAPS Yo u will need

Clean, dry cotton fabric Tape measure or ruler Pencil Sharp scissors Greaseproof paper Old tea towel Ironing board

2

1

Measure and cut your fabric to the size you’d like your wrap to be. Try 25 cm x 25 cm to make a snack wrap (for biscuits, fruit or vegetable sticks) or 35 cm x 35 cm to make a sandwich wrap.

Iron Beeswax* pellets or grated beeswax (make sure the packaging is marked as ‘BP grade’, ’technical grade’ or ‘food safe’)

Cut two large squares of greaseproof paper. Lay the tea towel on the ironing board, then place a greaseproof paper square on it, then spread the piece of fabric on top.

4

3

Sprinkle beeswax over the fabric. Be sparing – you can add more later if needed.

16 whizzpopbang.com

Lay the second square of greaseproof paper over the fabric. Ask an adult to set the iron to its lowest temperature, then carefully iron over the paper until the wax has melted.

Continued on page 21 ➜

air.

PULL OUT pages 17-20 and get making!

BUMBLEBEE FLYER Yo u will need

The bee body template below

A sheet of thin paper (printer paper is good) Three paper clips Sticky tape Scissors Glue A B

Find a printable version of the pullout here: bit.ly/3JtIFv1

Make a brilliant buzzy bee and test its flight down some stairs.

What yo u do 1. Cut out the bee body template.

2. Fold along dashed line A and then fold along dashed line B. Curve the paper into a tube shape and stick the ends together with sticky tape.

3. To make the wings, cut off a piece of printer paper measuring 21 cm x 6 cm.

4. Line up the centre of the wings with the centre of the bee body and glue them on.

5. Add three paper clips along the bottom front edge of the bee.

6. Once the glue is dry, gently launch your bee from the top of the stairs.

Yo u should find

Your bee flies down the stairs! You might be able to hear a sound as the wings vibrate! When you hear a bee buzzing, that’s the sound of their wings beating. Usually, the larger the bee, the slower the wingbeat and the lower the pitch of the buzz.

Use this picture for the activity on page 9

Some bees, including bumblebees, can vibrate their thorax (the middle segment of the body) to help shake pollen from a flower onto their body. This is called buzz pollination and you can see it in action here: bit.ly/3JktIvk

Riddles Check your answers on page 34.

1. It’s raining at midnight, but the forecast for tomorrow and the next day is clear and sunny.

How many bees will be collecting nectar in 48 hours’ time?

2. A warrior amongst the flowers, She bears a thrusting sword.

She uses it when she must To defend her golden hoard.

What is she?

3. What has words, but never speaks?

BUMBLEBEE BOOKMARK

Yo u will need The template below

Fold a bookmark to tuck over the corner of a page.

What yo u do

1. Cut out the templates and cut out the middle section marked A. 2. With the plain side up and the sting pointing away from you, fold the bottom corner up along the solid line to make a triangle.

3. Take the right-hand corner and fold it up to the sting. Repeat with the left-hand corner. Unfold them so you’re back to a triangle shape.

Scissors Glue 4. Take one sheet from the top of the triangle and fold it down to the centre of the bottom line.

5. Fold the bottom corners back up to the top (as in step 3), then bend them inwards and tuck them inside.

6. Flip over your bookmark and attach the bee’s wings with glue.

7. Once the glue is dry, you can slip your bumblebee bookmark over the corner of a page to mark your place!

A

whizzpopbang.com 19

Bumblebees have small wings compared to the size of their bodies. For a long time, scientists couldn’t work out how they were able to fly!

The answer is that they move their wings incredibly fast – at around 200 times every second. They also beat in a twisting up-anddown, forward-and-back motion, creating little tornado-like airflows, which help to increase the force of the wing through the air.

Find the bee that doesn’t have a matching pair.

Circle your answer and check it on page 34.

Bees have two pairs of wings. When they fly, the two wings on each side are held together by tiny hooked teeth called hamuli. This means they act like one larger wing to create more lift when flying.

20 whizzpopbang.com

5

6 Lift the top layer of greaseproof paper. If any parts of the fabric d look light in colour, ad x. wa es a little more be Place the paper on top of the fabric, then iron it again.

I’d love to see your food wax wraps! Take a photo and ask an adult to tag us on social media @whizzpopbangmag and email it to Y@whizzpopbang.com

Repeat step 5 until there are no light parts left. Peel off the top layer of paper, then leave the wrap to cool for a few minutes before peeling it off the bottom layer of paper.

After use, rinse your food wraps in cool water and leave to dry. If the wax begins to wear away, repeat steps 2 to 6 to make them as good as new!

ECO

More

It’s up to us to save the planet. Lots of small actions can make a BIG difference!

ideas...

If you eat a packed lunch every school day, swapping to food wax wraps could save around 195 plastic food bags or pieces of cling film every year. Just imagine how much you’d save if your whole class made this switch, too!

Continued from page 16

Use leftover beeswax to make lip balm.

Add 4 tsp oil (try coconut or olive) and 1 tsp beeswax into a clean, glass jar.

Ask an adult to microwave it for 30 seconds, then stir it. Microwave again for 10 seconds, then stir. Repeat until the beeswax melts. Pour it into a small clean pot, like an old lip balm jar or tin, and leave to set. * If you or your family are vegan, use candellila wax (available online) to make food wraps and lip balm instead.

whizzpopbang.com 21

➜

Interview with a SCIENCE HERO

In my job I get to... help bees and people

“

© Bees for Devel

Dr Nicola Bra ecologist and cha dbear, rity director

I’ve always loved nature and science.

”

When I was growing up in the 1970s, there were many parts of Africa and Asia where people were starving. We thought there wasn’t enough food for everyone. Now we know that there is plenty of food – it is distribution that is the problem. I wanted to help to find a solution, so at university, I investigated the possibility of creating nutritious protein food from plants. In those days there was little interest in this subject. I am pleased that it is different now, and many people are enjoying plant-based diets – me included!

“

ping Seeing people beekee ired in Nepal and India insp me to start a charity.

”

ing beekeeping was I realised that promot the world’s poor. another way of helping e in remote places These people often liv l resources, including that are rich in natura wering plants that honey bees and the flo they feed upon.

22 whizzpopbang.com

“

eeper My father was a beek him and I loved watching s. working with his bee

”

s and re, so I went to meeting I wanted to know mo inside tched the honey bees talks with him and wa e in about how insects liv his beehives. I learned rs! ou m fro t e very differen smart societies that ar

Alemnesh, a young beekeeper in Ethiopia, holding her honey.

© Bees for Development

opment

Nicola founded the charity Bees for Development in 1993. If you have any questions of your own for her, you can contact her on nicola@bees.org

People can find honey bees and make their own beehives.

© Bees for Development

Simple, low-cost hives in Ethiopia. Each beekeeper may have hundreds of hives.

“

Look out for the hairy-footed flower bee!

”

It’s one of the first bee species to emerge in spring. The males tend to hover and then dart about on patches of their favourite flower – Pulmonaria – one of the first spring garden flowers. These bees have a long proboscis (mouth) to access the nectar at the base of the long tube of the Pulmonaria flower.

Ghana

”

In every society, honey is considered to be a special, high-value food and medicine, and beeswax is precious too. Bees feed themselves wherever they can find flowering plants – they don’t have to be fed by a farmer every day, like hens or cows. This makes beekeeping possible for even the poorest people. The honey harvested from a simple beehive is absolutely equal in quality to honey harvested from a hive costing hundreds of pounds!

Every honey harvest is a precious bonus that can be eaten by the family, bartered with neighbours for other food or sold.

© Isaac Mbroh/BfD

“

Interview with a SCIENCE HERO

swax

with some bee Hawa, a beekeeper from Ghana

“

Every day, we talk to people in faraway nations.

”

We travel as little as possible to avoid burning fossil fuel. We show people how to build hives, care for bees, produce honey and to work locally to make their environment better for bees. If the environment is good for bees, it is good for everything else as well!

“

We know that numbers of wild bees are in decline.

”

It is easier to measure numbers of bees than other insect species, so we can assume that numbers of many other insect species are also in tremendous decline. If you’d like to help bees, grow as many flowers as you can – even just one flowering plant is precious to the insects that feed upon it. If your school or family plan to support a charity this year, please support Bees for Development! © Shutterstock

A hairy-footed flower bee feeding on a Pulmonaria flower.

Beehives

HOW STUFF

WORKS 6

There’s nothing quite like honey on a hot slice of toast – but how does this super sweet and tasty nectar get from bees to your breakfast table? The answer lies inside wooden boxes called beehives where honey bees make their homes and store their honey. Here’s how one kind of beehive works...

Sitting on top of the brood chamber is a metal or plastic grid called the queen excluder.

It has gaps that are large enough for worker bees to get through but too small for the queen. This is to keep the queen in the brood chamber and prevent her from laying eggs in the honey that the beekeepers will collect.

5

0

DAY

4

3

21

Inside the brood chamber is a series of wooden BROOD FRAMES, containing foundation sheets. These sheets have hexagonal patterns on them for the bees to build wax cells onto. The queen bee lays one egg inside each cell. Each egg hatches into a worm-like larva that gets fed by worker bees. Next, the larva develops into a pupa, before emerging as an adult bee.

Above is the brood chamber.

This is where the queen bee and her workers (female bees) and drones (male bees) live.

The bottom board rests on the stand and has small entrances where the bees can fly in and out from.

24 whizzpopbang.com

2

Supporting the hive is the stand, which keeps the hive level and stable.

1

Beehives are usually made from strong wood and are basically large boxes with lots of layers inside.

10

Above the inner cover is the metal-covered outer cover which protects the bees from the weather.

9

At the top of the hive is a wooden inner cover which has a central hole that can be used to feed sugar syrup to the bees when there isn’t enough nectar.

8

7

Inside the honey super there are more wooden frames called super frames. This is where the bees build up hexagon-shaped wax cells to store honey.

When the worker bees return from visiting flowers and collecting nectar, they pass the half-digested nectar to young bees called house bees who take it up into the area of the hive called the honey super where it is stored. Most hives have two or three honey supers stacked on top of each other.

At the end of the summer, when the bees have filled up the honey supers, beekeepers take out the super frames and scrape off the wax caps that the bees have sealed each cell with. Next, they use a centrifuge to spin the frames to get the honey out. It is then filtered and poured into jars, ready for your morning toast!

Did you know… a colony of

honey bees can contain up to 60,000 individual bees who visit 50 million flowers between them every single day! And one beehive can produce 30 kg of honey a year – that’s more than 60 jars!

whizzpopbang.com 25

.

g.. in z a m A ly e m o s e w A 0 1

S B M O HONEYC

es – isn’t only made by be n er tt pa ric et om ge This ructures s too. Honeycomb st . it’s useful for human hilst still being strong w ls, ia er at m al im in use m

1

Sporting equipment, including snowboards and skis, needs to be light, flexible and strong.

Honeycomb structures are often found in these items, sandwiched between other materials (usually plastic or aluminium).

3

5

2

Honeycomb’s impressive properties mean that it is often used in aerospace vehicles, such as the landing feet in the lunar module of the Apollo 11 mission.

Back on Earth, similar technology is used in almost all flying vehicles! Made up of 90% air, lightweight honeycomb structures can be found in aircraft wings, wing flaps, and even the furniture inside aeroplanes.

4

Hexagons were used in the James Webb Space Telescope mirror because it needs

to be roughly circular (to focus light effectively) and to use space as efficiently as possible (which hexagons do better than circles).

26 whizzpopbang.com

Honeycomb-shaped cardboard packaging can replace environmentally damaging options like polystyrene to protect fragile items and insulate cooler packs in food deliveries.

S E R U T C B STRU

6

9

7

Honeycomb structures are often included in a

Did you know that the insides of some furniture and doors are actually made from paper? This makes furniture that is strong, easy to transport and much cheaper than solid wood.

car’s crumple zones

(parts of the vehicle designed to absorb energy and crumple easily in a crash). They’re a vital part of making cars as safe as possible.

8 The H ive is a sculpture

in Kew Gardens in London, which is linked to a real beehive.

When the bees move in their hive, 1,000 lights in The Hive sculpture turn on and off and trigger sounds to play.

10

The Breakwater Beacon tower in Saudi Arabia is made up of many irregular hexagonal shapes.

Hot air is drawn from the ground floor, cooling as it rises through the tall structure.

Speakers are often covered

by a thin metal grill with a honeycomb design. This open shape allows sound to be emitted while protecting the mechanism inside.

© 1. Rocksweeper / Shutterstock.com, 2. NASA Apollo Archive, 3. Fasttailwind / Shutterstock.com, 4. Dufaylite Developments Ltd, 5. NASA / Chris Gunn, 6. Youkeys / Wikimedia Common, 7. Shutterstock.com, 8. Arbitrarily0, CC BY-SA 3.0 / Wikimedia Commons, 9. Jeff Eden / RBG Kew, 10. Alexandru Nika / Shutterstock.com

whizzpopbang.com 27

Sensational Scientists

By Joanna Tubbs

Charles Henry Turner

Despite facing enormous challenges, zoologist Charles Henry Turner made some incredible discoveries about insect behaviour.

© Wikimedia Commons

CHARLES HENRY TURNER WAS BORN IN 1867 IN CINCINNATI, OHIO, USA.

When Charles Henry Turner was born, Black Americans had to live under different laws to other Americans. They had to go to different schools and live in different areas, and they were treated very badly.

Over the next few years, Charles worked and studied at several different universities. He published many scientific papers about the behaviour of small creatures, including studies on birds’ brains, water fleas and spiders. Later, he became the first Black American to receive a doctorate in zoology at the University of Chicago.

28 whizzpopbang.com

From an early age, Charles was fascinated by small creatures, like ants, beetles and butterflies.

His parents made sure he had a good education, even though this was very difficult at the time for Black people. He worked hard at school and college, then went on to study at the University of Cincinnati.

g of Ants: The Homin tal Study en An Experim haviour of Ant be . Turner

By Dr C.H

Burrowing bees utilise memory in finding their way home.

Charles made many

After university, Charles became a high school teacher.

He was passionate about making education more accessible to Black people.

He wanted others to have the same opportunities as him.

discoveries…

ees can s b y e n o H Cockroaches ern ise patt n g o c e r can learn by trial and error g ove in loopin Some ants m turning to their en re patterns wh ‘Turner’s circling’) nests (called

In one experiment, Charles placed dishes of jam on some picnic tables at sunrise, midday and sunset. Bees visited to eat the jam at the same times, day after day. Then he left dishes out only at sunrise. At first, the bees continued to arrive at sunrise, midday and sunset, but they soon changed their pattern, visiting only at sunrise. Charles’s simple experiment showed that bees can perceive time and change their behaviour to meet changing situations.

©Shutterstock.com

Some spiders design webs to Insects can hear suit the space and recognise pitch they’re in Burrowing bees use landmarks to find their way home And lots more…

Charles continued conducting experiments while working as a teacher. Many scientists in the early 1900s thought bees were very simple creatures, but Charles believed that they were more intelligent. Despite not having access to university-standard laboratory equipment, he designed clever experiments to better understand their behaviour.

Throughout his life, Charles challenged racism. He believed that education was the key to changing racist behaviour.

Sadly, Charles died in 1923 when he was just 56 years old. After his death, a local school and a university building were named after him.

Email me at Y@whizzpopbang.com

der Club!

Welcome to Y’s Won to share your This page is for you with our robot, adventures in science p Bang readers!

Y, and other Whizz Po ce question Everyone whose scien is page gets answered on th ng wins a Whizz Pop Ba Science Joke Book, ome available in our awes at online science shop

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F oR

When humans fart, is it the same gas (methane) that cows burp? If it is the same then why are cows bad for the environment since we do it too?

CURIoUS K I DS

From Natalie, aged 8

Human farts are mostly a mixture of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane (but not all humans produce methane). Each human makes about 0.5 to 1.5 litres of farts a day and there are currently eight billion of us.

That means humans produce up to 12 billion litres of mixed gases per day – not all methane. Cows produce most of their methane by burping, but extra comes out as farts. One cow makes 250-500 litres of methane a day, and there are about 1 billion cattle. That could mean up to 500 billion litres of cow methane per day – a much bigger impact!

ade Leo, aged 7, m e m o es these aw , juggling balls s i’ m Em in d re featu ).

90 e u Eco Club (Iss

Sam made lation these constel ired sp in brownies, Skies by our Starry 87). e edition (Issu

Chloe, aged 9, drew this picture of the Whizz Pop Bang characters.

enamel badges Y’s Wonder Club Badges Collectable for you to earn!

Help local wildlife to earn your Wildlife Watcher badge.

Investigate scientific questions to earn your Super Scientist badge.

Help save the planet to earn your Eco Hero badge.

E

Dear Y, Why do particles stick together when temperatures get colder?

It looks like you really enjoyed building the Greek theatre featured in Issue 91.

From Louis, aged 9

Chitrangada, n aged 8, put o er h in y la ap theatre using es. different voic

Particles are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces – differences in electrical charge. You notice them when you rub a balloon on your clothes and your hair sticks to it! Coolin g takes away heat energy, so the particles move around less. As a liquid gets colder, the electrostatic forces become stronger until the partic les are pulled together to make a solid. But they are still moving! In fact, the particles will keep vibrating until you cool them to abso lute zero (0° Kelvin, or -273.25° Celsius). Now, that’s really cold!

Beth, aged 7, ork 3D artw created this tures using the pic her pe lo ve on the en ved in. ri ar e in magaz idea!

What a great

9, Samuel, aged d n ie and his fr te a Jaya even wro uld co ey th script so y in perform a pla tr their thea e!

Dear Y, Does space ever have an ending? Because if space does have an ending there must be something outside it as well, right?

From Gaeun

tions from Earth; We can see 46 billion light years in all direc confident the are We . se ver that’s the observable uni is expanding too. it w kno we universe is bigger than this, and universe is flat the of bit our Satellite information shows that go on forever. d coul it then flat and if the whole universe was shaped like a be d coul erse univ But some scientists think the a straight line, you’d doughnut. Which means if you set off in and that would eventually come back to where you started don’t know yet! just We end. mean that space does have an

Get problem solving to earn your Epic Engineer badge.

Write a report or a review to earn your Science Reporter badge.

Ben, aged 8

Send your experiments, ideas, photos, reviews and questions to Y@whizzpopbang.com or Y, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Don’t forget to include your name, age and address. We can’t return any post, sorry.

To find out how to earn your badges, go to whizzpopbang.com/wonder-club. Schools can get involved too! Find out how here: bit.ly/39xNQ Q qV

whizzpopbang.com 31

um/ Test your m lebee dad/a bumb

at they know! to see wh

1

How much can you remember from this issue?

Test your knowledge with our super-duper quiz. Just tick the answers you think are correct, mark them using the answers on page 34 and then add up your score. If you need some help, check out the hints at the bottom of the page.

Nicola Bradbear’s be e charity is called…

2

a) Bees against Dang

b) B is for Bee

b) A time machine

c) B ees for Developm

c) An old boot

ent

How fast do bumblebees flap their wings?

4

a) 200 times a second

What did Cha rles Henry Tu rner feed bees at su nrise, midday and sunset as part of an experim ent? a) T reacle

00 times a minute b) 2

b) Jam

c) 200 times an hour

5

c) Cheese

How is a centrifuge used when making honey? a) To help bees fly from

6

Which one is a real type of bee?

flower to flower

a) Hairy-nosed sweaty bee

b) T o spread bee larvae

b) Flat-tailed leaf-cutter bee

around the hive

palescent otter-cutter bee c) O

c) T o remove honey from

8

the frames

7

What did Raffle the dog find on the beach at Lyme Regis?

a) A prehistoric plesiosaur

er

3

What do you call a bee who keeps dropping their pollen?

A fumble-bee!

What protects honey badgers from bees?

s bees

ter a) Their strong smell de

hten bees b) Their sharp teeth frig

in protects c) Their super-thick sk them from stings

What is a bee’s proboscis for? a) Sucking up nectar b) E xcreting poo c) L aying eggs

Need a hint? Find the answers by reading these pages…

1) Page 22 2) Page 4 3) Page 20 4) Page 29 5) Page 25 6) Page 6 7) Page 12 8) Page 7

Answers on page 34.

I scored: ..........

1-3: Working hard!

4-6: Flying high!

7-8: Really buzzing!

W

We’ve got five bee-rilliant games to give away!

To be in with a chance of winning, find the most direct way across the honeycomb maze.

Write down the letters along the route to find the answer to this joke:

A

How do bees get to school?

C

On the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _!

Beehive Mancala game

!

IN

Honeycomb maze R

I

C

S

T

A

J

N

M

W

L

H P

E

B

D

O

U

O I Z

F

Z

G S U

Buzz the bees to the flowers to collect pollen and then back to the hive to make honey for feeding and growing your bee colony. The player with the largest colony wins! This fun strategy game from laurenceking.com, based on the ancient gameplay of mancala, includes facts about bees, flowers, honey-making and the importance of bees from the beekeeper at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

WINNERS

Issue 92 competition winners Thank you to all of you who sent in your entries to our Detective competition. The answer to the joke ‘Why do ducks make great detectives?’ was ‘They always quack the case!’

These four lucky winners will each receive a Magnetic Intruder Alarm kit from brightminds.co.uk Mahfuz Ahmed, 10 Natalie Lambert, 8 Ben Goda, 12 Molly Bancroft, 6

Send your entry to win@whizzpopbang.com with ‘Bees competition’ as the subject of your email. Alternatively, post it to Bees competition, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Please don’t forget to include your name, age and address.

Sorry, we are unable to return any post.

Deadline: June 8th 2023. UK residents only. Full terms and conditions available at whizzpopbang.com.

whizzpopbang.com 33

JOKES

Why do bees hum?

Because they don’t know the words!

e can’t What kind of be d? make up its min A may-bee!

What do you call a was p in your honey?

A wanna-bee!

Why is a flower like the letter A? ter it!

A bee (B) comes af

What do yo u is having a call a bee that bad hair d ay?

A frizz-be e!

Page 6 – True/Untrue

Page 13 – Honeycomb number trail

UNTRUE: Only female bees can sting, and many bee species can’t sting at all.

3 6

Page 7 – Bee or wasp puzzle A) Wasp (Tarantula hawk wasp) B) Bee (Arctic bumblebee) C) Wasp (Asian giant hornet) Page 8 – Hexagon drawing

1

2

7 8

5 4

5

3

3

4

6 8

5

7

8 7

11 10 8

6

7 9 10 8 6

8 9

10 8 9

7

11 12 8

6 10 9

10 11

9

16 13 9 12 11 12 13 15 12 16 17 15 14 13 14 19 21 18 16 15 18 16 11 12 15 20 22 20 17 19 18 23 21 16 23 21

Answers Page 20 – Odd one out Here is the bee that doesn’t have a matching pair:

18 20 21 22 23 24 24 21 18 19 21 22 25

Page 14 – Bee maze Bee B is on the right path to the flower.

Page 18 – Riddles

Page 13 – True/Untrue TRUE: Honey badgers can release a thick, smelly gas from a pouch near their bottoms that is thought to help calm bees while the badger is raiding their honey!

1) N one. In 48 hours it will be midnight again, so it will be dark and no bees will be out.

2) A honey bee. The ‘sword’ is her sting.

The ‘golden hoard’ is the honey in the hive.

3) A book.

Page 32 – Quiz 1) c 2) a 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) b 7) c 8) a

R A L U C A T C E SP

e c n e i c s

Bee bridge Honey bees are excellent at teamwork!

Sometimes, they even hold onto each other’s legs to hang together in a chain. This is called festooning. It is most often seen when bees are building or repairing a honeycomb.

Scientists aren’t sure exactly why the bees do this, but they think it might be to create a scaffold frame for the construction work or to measure the distance between honeycombs.

© Viesinsh/ Shutterstock.com

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