Architecture Portfolio Arch. Sardone

Arch. Laura Sordone, PhD

M.Sc. in Architecture

PhD Design for Heritage: Knowledge and lnnovation

Politecnico di Bari, DICAR

sardonelaura@gmail.com

linkedin.com/in/laura-s-5a2936152/

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ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO

About me

While studying Architecture, I developed a passion for architectural morphology and computational design. Following this perspective, I obtained my PhD in Architecture (Computational Design with Visual Programming and algorithmic SO techniques applied to large-span structures) between the Polytechnic of Bari and the National Technical University of Athens.

I am dedicated to constantly improving architectural and structural design tools to minimise computational costs while facing the environmental emergency connected with material waste and energy consumption in the AEC industry.

Career Goals

Pushing boundaries in architectural design by testing new ways of planning; thanks to the expeditious progress in academic research regarding architectural shape, it is noticeable that studying and doing research are endeavours that I would make more fruitful with the application in architectural design, engaging and improving the results to give a keen influence in the Architectural planning.

Curriculum Vitae

EDUCATION

Ph.D. Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy.

November 2018 — February 2022

DESIGN FOR HERITAGE: KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION PH.D.

Dissertation/Thesis Title: S3 – Shape, Structure, Site; The search for the architectural shape between structure and aesthetic language in the architectural panorama of the ‘Escola Paulista’. Application examples of SO through Algorithm Aided Design (AAD).

Ph.D. Candidate, National Technical University of Athens, Greece.

January 2020 — May 2021

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER

Co-tutoring Ph.D. Agreement between National Technical University of Athens (Greece) and Polytechnic of Bari (Italy).

Co-tutor: Prof. Lagaros, Nikos D.

LM-4 C.U. - 2nd level degree in Architecture and Construction Engineering (5-year degree course).

Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Sciences (DICAr), Polytechnic Institute of Bari, Italy.

October 2011 — June 2018

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WORKSHOP

Organizing Committee member at

- 7th International Course on Seismic Analysis of Structures using OpenSees

FE-based Framework and Civil Engineering Applications

5th-6th July 2022, Politecnico di Torino, Italy.

Organizing Committee member at

- 5th International Winter School in Structural Morphology

Structural Morphologies for Archaeological and Historical Sites

9th-16th December 2021, Politecnico di Torino, Italy.

Organizing Committee member at

- 2nd International Summer School in Structural Morphology

Structural Morphologies for Archaeological and Historical Sites

18th – 29th September 2017, Fuzhou University, China.

- Design Of Parametric Structures

Grasshopper Applications and Fundamental of Visual Programming

March 2019, Format Engineers - 25, Walcot Street, London, United Kingdom.

RESEARCH PROJECTS

- ADDitively Manufactured OPTimized Structures by means of Machine Learning(ADDOPTML)

December 2021, National Technical University of Athens, Greece. Project Number:101007595.

Call (part) identifier: H2020-MSCA-RISE-2020.

Topic: MSCA-RISE-2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE).

Development of a Test Case and Publication to Scientific Journal (WP1): Optimized tree-shaped bamboo structural system for sustainable architecture, Journal of Architectural Engineering ASCE, 2021.

- Optimization Driven Architectural Design of Structures (OptArch)

September 2019 — February 2020, Athens, Greece.

(No: 689983) belonging to the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Research and Innovation StaffExchange (RISE) H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015.

- Poliba2China Project

January 2018 — June 2018, Fuzhou, China.

POLIBA2CHINA is a project selected by the Puglia Region through a competitive tender, for the implementation of transnational actions of the Apulian universities and financed through the European Social Fund. The project aims to promote the international exchanges of the Polytechnic of Bari with Chinese university institutions.

INTERNSHIPS & WORKS

- Senior Architect (R&D) - Consorzio Interuniversitario ReLUIS.

November 2021 – Today

Inspections for preservation, modelling and verification considering the seismic actions on public heritage buildings. Preliminary analysis of existing strategic buildings for a structural modelling and safety evaluation using simplified approaches based on visual inspections and original technical drawings. Inspections, reporting, technical drownings of buildings and their structural elements, and simplified structural modelling are part of the activities.

- Researcher at ACE Hellas.

September 2019 — January 2020, Athens, Greece.

Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchanges (RISE)

OptArch – Optimization Driven Architectural Design of Structures (Proposal Number 689983).

- Ph.D. Candidate at Politecnico di Bari

October 2018 – February 2022

Design For Heritage: Knowledge and Innovation Ph.D.

-Intern/Trainee at Fujian Province University. Fuzhou, China.

September 2017 — November 2017

SIBERC - Sustainable and Innovative Bridge Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province University.

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In this section are presented projects developed during my years of study and, subsequently, during (part) of my profession.

The selected work offers an overlook of the different scales of planning whit the consequent aspects - showing the different use and practice with multiple software adopted.

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PROJECT OF BRIDGES SYSTEM ALONG THE LINEAR PARK BETWEEN WEST LAKE AND MINJIANG RIVER

VIEWS OF SAN FANG QI XIANG: LIVED CROSSPOINTS

The public space of a city embodies the opportunity to make the inhabitants feel part of a community with a long-term program and vision; in particular, the concept of the square is the first proof of good administration, cultural and political, as well as good planning.

An extraordinary opportunity has been created in Fuzhou; places of interest stand out on the project site. Among them, are the case studies: the Baima River axis and the historic district located to the East called San Fang Qi Xiang.

A great chance is given by creating new access to the historic district, where different functional programs and local infrastructures come together in close contact. The design of different “passages and rest” places leads the user to see, observe, and stop in the square with many points of view but always deserving of a good project.

For centuries, the squares have been the chosen place where contact between different layers of the population took place; in recent decades social transformations have changed their use, making us doubt their meaning and often making them a pale attempt to imitate the living spaces of the past, through “vacui” architectural devices and urban furnishings. However, we are in a historical moment in which we need to change the role of the square meanings, constantly trying to build comfortable crossings for pedestrians, places to stop and meet and, safe places that give a belonging sense by creating elevated spaces.

The difficulties are those faced by architecture today: first of all the excessive aesthetic characterization that makes a project obsolete after a few years, then, the objective difficulty of foreseeing how space will evolve in a world in which the contact between people happens elsewhere.

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If it is difficult to imagine a place that adapts to new technologies and society. This led to thinking of a “classic act” in terms of proportions, designing a space that is durable and sustainable, mediating between environmental conditions that seem a contradiction, but which in reality constitute its richness. The proposed project is divided into main areas, which represent the needs to which the centre of Fuzhou is exposed.

We face, here, a crucial point within which we recognize the functions of a part of the city full of life: the green path, the large traffic routes, West Lake (North) and San-Fang Qi-Xiang (East). The latter, literally translated, would be “Three roads and seven avenues”, crossed by a crucial axis (Baima River), which is a matrix path; it represents the only true historical site of the city where it is possible to find the architecture of the ancient Ming dynasty. For this, it would be necessary to strengthen its protection, because from this axis it is possible to extricate in a labyrinth of alleys from which it is possible to admire characteristic urban views. This axis, since its inception, has been the bulb from which the urban fabric was born.

There are only two main entrances, to the North and South of the historic core; generally, especially on weekends or on particular occasions, the entrances are clogged by the human flow. Thus arose the need to create the possibility of having new entrances to the historical core, symmetrical. The already existing accesses are rarely used due to the absence of a point of interest connecting San Fang Qi Xiang with the West part of the city. Hence, the reason for the first suspended square at that particular part of the city: San- Fang Qi-Xiang.

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DIFFERENT VIEWS OF SAN FANG QI XIANG

The shape of the city , Fuzhoou, China.

Project No. 1

The design of this city’s piece fits into the surrounding urban context, taking part in the existing life and enriching it with a place designed to be experienced. The homogeneity of the place that mends the spaces is the theme that constitutes the project. The green path, part of the new public space, is designed around the existing native trees; the spaces and the functional program are designed to promote use continuity at different times of the day and night, identifying valuable areas for the population in everyday life.

The square’s design constitutes the central element of the public project: an interface based on the object’s design assumed as a collective point for culture, understood as the place’s everyday life, enriched by the presence of physical (Bahima Road) and intangible infrastructures, given by the life’s manifestation.

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The surrounding spaces are joined in a single project, which from the starting point - West Lake - unravels into the surrounding areas to ensure the legibility of the intervention.

The general layout becomes a high-altitude square, aimed to create a new local centrality, open to mending between two parts of the city.

The pedestrian crossing is enhanced to avoid separations and discontinuities in an area currently compromised by the unresolved nature of some of its parts. The usability of the urban space and the landscape continuity between the two city’s factions is governed by different use gradients between the design and its framework. The square opens towards the city’s western area, incorporating the immediate proximity redesigned, thanks to marked paving (in terms of materials and colours), and to the alternation of the ramps that allow the livable crossing.

The green path acts as a connected autonomous system, conceived as a passage to the ground level and profitable for the whole system.

The adjacent streets are exploited to better guarantee daily activities, such as easy pedestrian accessibility, the straight organization of the road axes and the generosity of the green space; all this asserts the new public functions, an effective inclusion in the district, and activating social networks and meeting spaces.

In proximity to San Fang Qi Xiang, to separate the constant flow of cars on Baima road, an increase in altitude and a consequent change of the pavement accentuates the diversity of the place.

The area is re-engineered as a uniform plate in which functional urban furniture for meeting space is inserted.

The elevation on a surrounding level turns out to be a design choice dictated by the desire to separate the fast road system from the pedestrian one. The surrounding architecture - new generations born - and those in the immediate vicinity belonging to San Fang Qi Xiang (fruit of the important Chinese tradition) deserve to be observed from different points of view; and this is how the high-altitude square becomes a 360-degree view of the urbanization, creating visual cones depending on where the viewer is. The project, finally, is a mend between two parts of the city, a missing piece of a puzzle within the history of urbanization of a constantly growing city.

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OVERLOOKING WUSHAN

Part of a high-altitude city, Fuzhou, China.

Project No. 2

The project represented in this section redefines the spaces giving a new public value. The aim was to mend space and time, giving importance to everything symbolic within the project area.

This project presents an attempt to control the space that translates into an element of architectural and structural strength. The concept is reinforced by the axis given from the canal and the Wushan hill to the East. The latter one, located in the heart of Fuzhou city, midway between West Lake and Minjiang River, is a small green lung that refreshes the chaotic traffic life of the city. The park is ideal for long, slow, relaxing walks and outdoor activities; the main feature is the system of paths and stone platforms, connected with very steep stairways, which have to cope with sudden jumps in altitude.

Wushan is divided into various areas: the residential southwest slope with buildings that do not exceed eight floors in height; to the west, the Fuzhou Wushan Elementary School, a large enclosed school complex dedicated entirely to school activities for children; to the south, we have the government buildings which are also fenced off and are not part of the parking area; at East, the Gulou Museum complex, which acts as a proscenium for the area of the Wu Ta tower; finally, the central area of the park - which reaches up to 70 meters above sea level - houses a series of temples, pavilions and zones from which you can admire the panorama of the city.

There are five entrances to the park, the monumental one heading to the north featuring a magnificent staircase to climb to the top of the hill. The design response is given by taking up the basic proposal of the connecting square between the canal and San Fang Qi Xiang.

By designing a green corridor at ground level to create a view of the canal, the real need regards the separation between fast traffic and soft pedestrian traffic.

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The mending solution is given by designing a second square at a height.

A system of consecutive squares is created, the purpose of which is to make a space-time journey within Fuzhou city; the territory rises to create a complete view of the richest area from a cultural and natural point of view.

It is a well-defined space that allows a connection on all fronts; ramps and stairs descend towards zero height.

The highest altitude becomes a space for social sharing. To the East, is located the connection ramp with Wushan hill, the fulcrum of this area, to which is added sixth access to Wushan park. Points of view, new visual cones, solids and voids, are articulated to create a dynamic point within the space.

The connection becomes a refuge, a panoramic view, and a scenic backdrop. The underlying park expands to create a comfortable and livable base as well as visual continuity with the adjacent hill.

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WUSHAN WALKWAY

Wushan Pedestrian Bridge, Fuzhou, China. Project No. 3

The project represented in this section redefines the spaces giving a new public value. The aim was to mend space and time, giving importance to everything symbolic within the project area.

This project presents an attempt to control the space that translates into an element of architectural and structural strength. The concept is reinforced by the axis given from the canal and the Wushan hill to the East. The latter one, located in the heart of Fuzhou city, midway between West Lake and Minjiang River, is a small green lung that refreshes the chaotic traffic life of the city.

The park is ideal for long, slow, relaxing walks and outdoor activities; the main feature is the system of paths and stone platforms, connected with very steep stairways, which have to cope with sudden jumps in altitude.

Wushan is divided into various areas: the residential southwest slope with buildings that do not exceed eight floors in height; to the west, the Fuzhou Wushan Elementary School, a large enclosed school complex dedicated entirely to school activities for children; to the south, we have the government buildings which are also fenced off and are not part of the parking area; at East, the Gulou Museum complex, which acts as a proscenium for the area of the Wu Ta tower; finally, the central area of the parkwhich reaches up to 70 meters above sea level - houses a series of temples, pavilions and zones from which you can admire the panorama of the city.

There are five entrances to the park, the monumental one heading to the north featuring a magnificent staircase to climb to the top of the hill.

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The design response is given by taking up the basic proposal of the connecting square between the canal and San Fang Qi Xiang.

By designing a green corridor at ground level to create a view of the canal, the real need regards the separation between fast traffic and soft pedestrian traffic.

The mending solution is given by designing a second square at a height.

A system of consecutive squares is created, the purpose of which is to make a space-time journey within Fuzhou city; the territory rises to create a complete view of the richest area from a cultural and natural point of view.

It is a well-defined space that allows a connection on all fronts; ramps and stairs descend towards zero height.

The highest altitude becomes a space for social sharing. To the East, is located the connection ramp with Wushan hill, the fulcrum of this area, to which is added sixth access to Wushan park. Points of view, new visual cones, solids and voids, are articulated to create a dynamic point within the space.

The connection becomes a refuge, a panoramic view, and a scenic backdrop. The underlying park expands to create a comfortable and livable base and a visual continuity with the adjacent hill.

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JIANGXIN PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

The need for crossing, Jiangxin Park, China. Project No. 4

The object of this section is to present the design of a pedestrian bridge located in the final part of the axis case study. The bridge is intended for pedestrian use heading to “Jiangxin Park”.

The pedestrian crossing project will be part of the South Park of the axis project nearby the Minjiang River.

The necessity to realize a path comes from the need to link the two green areas since the only passage involves the complete crossing of the Minjiang River through the stay-cable bridge.

The park nearby the Minjiang River is still under development as many works

in that area, however, the contemplated area is well-defined and equipped. For this reason, the bridge is conceived in a specific location with the “garden island”, to be in perfect correlation with the paths inside the already-designed Jiangxin Park.

The type of bridge is designed according to the topographical, geological, hydraulic and environmental conditions of the area.

Through an inspection, it was possible to ascertain the environmental conditions to better understand the type of work and the photographic documentation that will be elaborated.

The geological characteristics were deduced from a geological report, previously drafted due to the realization of the existing Sanxiangzhou Minjiang Bridge, located a few meters from the site planned for the pedestrian bridge project.

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ICOSAHEDRON PAVILION

Expo “Fiera del Levante” 2016, Apulia, Italy. Theory and technique of architectural design

The project was born combining three domes of equal size. The resulting space is flexible and structured in such a way that it can be further subdivided according to the different needs and activities carried out within the pavilion itself.

The single dome shape results from a specific shear plane carried out inside an icosahedron. Starting from the basic solid, an icosahedron, a specific point was chosen in which to apply the shearing plane: it was applied to the points where it is possible to obtain an equilateral triangle as the basis of the entire structure: the plane is functional both to obtain the right support surface (as a base) and to create a shape to allow the assembly of several structures, thus creating a “pattern” of solids connected.

The three domes thus created are based on a prefabricated structure, made of laminated spruce wood with joints in galvanized steel; the structure is also composed of a large three-dimensional grid and the design of the structural elements both the interior and the external facades.

The retrieved empty spaces of the same grid, filled with glass with different processes, improve the permeability to air and light and allow visual continuity between inside and outside.

The starting point for the project was inspired by the Copagri pavilion named “Love It”, presented at Expo Milano 2015 and created by the Miralles Tagliabue EMBT studio.

Project development

Left images: Icosahedron and choice of shearing plane. The chosen plane allows to obtain an equilateral triangle at the base of the structure. It is a functional choice both to have a correct support plane on the base of the single dome and to allow the aggregation of the module, to create a pattern.

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Above: Location of the Icosahedron pavilion within the plot of land dedicated to the “Fiera del Levante” in Bari, Apulia (Italy).

Structural development

The three domes are made from prefabricated structures, in spruce laminated wood with galvanized steel joints. The structure is composed of a large three-dimensional grid. The structural elements are defining both the interior and the external facades. The empty spaces of the diagrid are filled with glass with different processes, improving the permeability of air and light, and allowing visual continuity between inside and outside.

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The joints design

The steel truss joint devices have been individually designed to be functional and visually unobtrusive towards architectural and geometric development. The connection method consists of plate systems, fittingly modelled according to the structural node. Specifically, can be distinguished the plates of the upper joint in detail number 1 (arranged in a radial pattern). The lower anchorages (described in details numbers 2 and 3) consist of plates inserted in a modelled base conceived in concrete.

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Optimized design

The shapes of domes are experimented with in this project, to develop sustainable structures using minimum material. The optimized design allows the serial production of constructive elements with consequent great ease of construction.

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3D Printed Model

APULIAN HOUSING MODULES

Aggregability

Architecture Technology, 2016, Apulia, Italy.

The idea of the project revolves around the concept of “contrast”. The project consists of a wooden box, closed, supported by three bearing stone walls. The latter constitute, in a diametrically opposite way, the lower floor, in perfect communication with the external Mediterranean environment. The façade highlights this theme not only through the use of materials but also through the different dimensions of the openings which, in the case of the ground floor, are presented at full height, creating continuity, and communication, with the front patio.

The aggregation takes place by mirroring the individual buildings which use the boundary wall as an axis of symmetry. The roof, also in wood, is flat and constitutes the “closure” of the wooden box.

Intermediate Slab Plan Representation Scale 1:100

Roof Slab Plan Representation Scale 1:100

Individual facade

Representation Scale 1:50

Aggregation pattern

Representation Scale 1:200

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First Floor Plan

(Representation Scale 1:50)

BB’ Section

(Representation Scale 1:50)

Ground Floor Plan

(Representation Scale 1:50)

Roof Plan

(Representation Scale 1:50)

AA’ Section

(Representation Scale 1:50)

CC’ Section

(Representation Scale 1:50)

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FOUNDATIONS

1. Support surface

2. Slope beside the excavation

SLAB - GROUND FLOOR

3. Concrete base

4. Thermal insulation (120mm)

5. Separator layer (1mm)

6. Screed

7. Paving

GROUND FLOOR SUPPORTING WALL

8. Ashlar Stone (300x500x250 mm)

9. Mortar

DOOR - WINDOW

10. Glass

11. Mobile wooden frame

12. Fixed wooden frame

13. Blind system

FIRST FLOOR SUPPORTING WALL

14. X-lam wooden panel (100 mm)

15. Thermal/acoustic insulation

16. Structural wooden element (60x120 mm)

17. Wooden counter batten (40x60 mm. Guarantees continuity of vertical ventilation

18. Horizontal batten (40x60 mm)

19. Vertical wooden cladding

20. Plaster (10mm)

WOODEN SLAB

21. Beam, main frame (140x210 mm)

22. Curb

23. Joist, secondary frame (100x100 mm)

24. Wooden Planks

25. Wooden planks, secondary warping

26. Layer for slopes

27. Vapor barrier

28. Thermal/acoustic insulation

29. Waterproof layer

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Axonometric Cutaway View

Constructive Details

3D Handmade Wooden Model Constructive Details

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APULIAN SUSTAINABLE FAÇADE

Sustainable Energy

Eco-sustainable and combinable façade configuration, 2019, Apulia, Italy.

The façade’s orientation is studied according to the theory of the heliocentric axis. The choice derives from the desire to optimize the building’s energy consumption, thus exploiting the natural light.

The exposure efficiency is verified by using solar diagrams and studying the heights of the sun during different seasons.

The exposure analyses, considering the building’s location, is allowing the understanding of the effective sunlight incidence on the façade during the days of the year and at different times. This action, translated, means higher sunlight incidence on the façade in the winter season, contrary to what happens in the summer season.

December 21st - 9 am - 14°

December 21st - 12 am - 28°

June 21st - 9 am - 42°

June 21st - 12 am - 72°

2. Solar diagram 3. Exposure of the main facade in summer and winter

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1. Sunlight study during the seasons

Solid and Voids

The façade is articulated into simple geometries - by alternating solids and voids - geometrically determined employing a basic module.

The alternations of voids are based on specific guidelines: these references thus allow the visual and structural identification of the continuity of the solid modules.

The façade, composed of six floors, is designed to be aggregated with other units of the same type.

3. Ground Floor Plan 2. General Floor plan

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1. Penthouse plan

Material and Details Development

A. Roof Slab -Details B. Interfloor Slab -Details

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C. Foundation Floor -Details

ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION PROJECT

San Liberatore Chapel

Restoration proposal, 2018, Apulia, Italy.

San Salvatore - also called the Church of “San Salvatore e Liberatore” - is located in Altamura (Bari, Apulia, Italy). It leans against the inner side of “Porta dei Martiri” (commonly known as “la Porticella”) as well as the medieval wall of the city, now almost completely demolished. It is located close to the Church of the “Madonna dei Martiri”.

The church shows all the iconographic aspects of Greek-Byzantine sacred architecture, which can be also seen in the church of San Nicola de’Greci (Άγιος

των Ελλήνων), the reference church for the Greek rite. San Salvatore’s Church shows a simple lunette portal. The quadrangular plan is determined by a cubic space covered by a dome, an exemplified model of the Greek-Byzantine type of sacred architecture.

A Latin inscription on the architrave recalls the date of the construction, 1527, which coincides with the end of the terrible plague wave in Altamura. On the stone jambs, two terms are engraved in Greek characters, indicating “Freedom” (

transcription errors. Considering the inscriptions on the portal, the hypothesis is that the inhabitant’s town, as a votive offering, demolished a previous building and built the church of “San Liberatore e Salvatore”.

) and “Savior” (CHP - the acronym of CΩΤΗΡΙΑ). One of the two inscriptions contains some

- a corrupted form of

Νικόλαος

ΛΕΥΘΑΙΡΟCΙC

ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΩCΙC

1. Reconstruction of the Roof Plan2. Main Façade (West) 3. “La Porticella” (East) 4. South Elevation 5. A-A’ Section

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6. B-B’ Section

3D Structural Reconstruction

Constructive Details

On the inner side of the boundary wall, at the underground level, were buried numerous deaths caused by the plague (around 3000, according to sources).

The dimensions of the church are quite contained, with a cubic plan and a lunette above the entrance. A circular dome defines the rooftop, according to the Byzantine style. Inside, are located some difficult frescoes to decipher.

In 1751 the church was deconsecrated and used as a private residence until the eighties of the twentieth century.

In the present work, San Salvatore’s church, in a state of decay, has been subjected to careful analysis to start a future process of conservative restoration.

1. Dome 2. Drum 3. Load-bearing arches

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Material Survey

The geometric and material survey is an instrument of inquiry that forces the reading of the artefact by studying its consistency thoroughly and noting its characteristics and particularities.

In the present process, alignments, variations of wall thicknesses, solutions of continuity, and masonry discrepancies, are considered.

The entire survey lead to indicate significant historical-artistic and technical-constructive choices that need to be explored. In this way, the present phase is intertwined with historical research, confirming or denying assumptions.

It is legitimate to speak of the triad of “design-history-restoration” where each element takes strength from the other and is a harbinger of new stimuli and insights.

Wall Stratigraphic Units

The Wall Stratigraphic Units is a cognitive tool born within the discipline of architectural archaeology. The analysis is based on the direct analytical observation of the historical buildings, aiming to scan and interpret the relationships between the various construction phases.

The primary reason for applying the present method is due to the large changes that historic buildings undergo over time, given to both anthropic and natural activities. With the stratigraphic analysis, it is possible to recognise and classify the changes related to the passage of time.

The first step consists of identifying the stratigraphic masonry units, or homogeneous areas in terms of technique and materials, resulting from a single constructive action. Then, it is possible to analyse the existing interface (physical contacts) between adjacent masonry units. Finally, the attention moves to identifying the relative chronological relationships linking the different constructive actions: each masonry group can be chronologically contemporary, earlier or later than the adjacent one.

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Material Survey 39

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Wall Stratigraphic Units

The stratigraphic relationships can be indicated on a graphic representation, employing special symbols or colours (as shown in the table on the left page). The analysis, therefore, allows the establishment of the chronological sequence between the parts; in collaboration with other analytical tools (like the Material Survey), it is possible to provide absolute indications and to attribute the various phases of a building to a specific historical period.

Deterioration Analysis and Cracks Pattern

The correct design of any recovery, maintenance, or restoration intervention

requires in-depth preliminary checks, including the deterioration map, consisting of elevations and photos in which the deteriorated surfaces are delimited and marked with special symbols. For this purpose, a nomenclature standardized is used, described by the UNI 11182 “Standard - Natural and artificial stone materials”. Description of the alteration forms- Terms and definitions, which extend, update and replace the previous lexicon NOR.MA.L (Normative for Stone Artifacts). Degradation is a gradual and irreversible process that leads architectural or structural elements to lose their shape characteristics, colour, resistance, reliability, and durability until they become unsuitable for the functions they were designed for.

Deterioration Analysis and Cracks Pattern

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TRADITIONAL HOUSE RECONSTRUCTION

Inspection and Reconstruction

Existing Masonry Detached House , 2022, Delfoi, Greece.

The current work was presented to the Architecture Department (Municipality of Delphi) for Cultural Heritage Preservation. The architectural organism has been subjected to careful evaluation and CAD reconstruction as it is subject to future restoration and restructuring plans.

The detached house, typical of the area, can be dated to around the beginning of the 1900s considering the characteristics and construction techniques that the building presents. Further modifications of the primitive architectural organism have been repor-

0 2 4 10

1. Ground Floor 2. First Floor 3. Second Floor Main facade (South)

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Side facade - patio (East)

1. Main facade (South) 2. Side facade - patio (East) 3. North facade

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4. Lateral facade (West)- communicating with the patio of the adjacent detached house

Sections Development

Section A-A’ Section B-B’

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Second Floor, Plan Reference

First Floor Renovation

The first floor of the detached house, which has always been in disuse, was subjected to planning and change of intended use.

The floor in question always had the role of storage room. Through a recovery process, it was possible to maintain part of the materials already present (like the stone wall), reinforce the original masonry, and hypothesize the interior design.

Interior design development constantly considers the anthropometric study. Investigating the available spaces facilitates the movement between the furnishing elements, allowing better exploitation of one’s disposal area.

The following pages illustrate the current state of the former storage room undergoing renovation and the relative renderings foreseen for each designed space.