THE RESILIENT RIVER Minneapolis Riverfront Design Competition
Turenscape Team
CONTENTS Introduction...................................................................................................................... 02 Four Challenges for the Upper Riverfront and Beyond............................................... 04 Three Strategies for the Resilient River........................................................................ 05 1. Build an Ecological Infrastructure............................................................................. 06 A. Establish Security Patterns................................................................................. 06 B. Harness Ecosystem Services............................................................................. 07 2. Reorient Urbanism to the River................................................................................. 09 3. Curate the Vision through Time................................................................................. 10 A. The Vision............................................................................................................ 10 The Framework Plan..................................................................................... 10 Habitat Plan................................................................................................... 11 Stormwater Plan............................................................................................ 11 Circulation Plan............................................................................................. 12 Land Use Plan............................................................................................... 12 B. Curate through Time........................................................................................... 13 Years 0-2: Set the Stage............................................................................... 14 Years 2-5: Connect People to the River........................................................ 15 Years 5-10: Create Riverfront Destinations................................................... 18 Years 10-15: Build Transportation Infrastructure........................................... 22 Years 15-50: Develop New Industries and New Communities...................... 23
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INTRODUCTION The people of north and northeast Minneapolis have seen hard times before. The land along the Mississippi bears witness to previous eras of boom and bust, overabundance and exhaustion, speculation and bankruptcy, mad exuberance and ruin. The story on the Central Riverfront has been told—the spectacular falls, Native American and then European habitation, the rise and fall of milling giants—and the future now in view is a healthy one with mill ruin parks and stone arch trails leading home to new communities that sit on the River, right next to downtown. But the future of the area upstream, above the falls of St. Anthony, remains to be determined. There are official visions, but also wavering, low rumblings of discontent on all sides: industry versus parks, jobs versus nature, current use versus ‘best use’, and economic realities versus ecological realities. Is it a vibrant, green future or merely a mirage? Like the song still echoing up from the delta says, the River keeps rolling along. To the River, our interventions, from the prairie burning by native peoples, to the construction of spillways and locks, are only temporary modifications. The River will have its way, moving its course from side to side, up in flood and down in drought. The River is resilient. It will bounce back. It has bounced back, from a fetid sewer to a place that supports beaver, fox, otter, sturgeon, and mussels again: right in the city! Our design approach celebrates the Resilient River; we believe in the power of nature to heal, and the relevance of the River in the life of the people of Minneapolis. We take the long view, and see that changes in industry along the banks have happened before, driven by the market but also by the guiding hand of public policy and the aspirations of the River's citizens. While we recognize the role of industry, and in many cases are enthralled by the scale of its work along the banks, we also remain steadfast in our belief that this landscape is worthy of respect, even reverence, and protection from harm. Our purpose then is to aid in healing the riverfront as a place of critical ecological importance, as well as a place for working and living. Where the River has been an excuse for dividing neighborhoods and peoples, we desire a place where people can come together. We concur with the view that parks can create new value on adjacent lands, but also propose that a new ecology of parks is necessary that makes productive use of the rich riverfront lands and waters, as well as the people on its shores.
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Challenges to our families and communities are global, yet we propose that the area above the falls is a place to take a stand for a new economy that values local production, urban agriculture, self-sustaining energy, art, sociability, and the people of northern Minneapolis and the region as a whole. The scale of this undertaking is huge, and time for change is running out. Our vision is of the Upper Riverfront as prototype for a new relationship, a smarter relationship between the people of Minneapolis and their river, which can inform a way of living within nature, across the city and region. We have real experience from the past of using the power of the River in a sustainable way, breaking the hard wheat of the north with only the falling of water, and even now turning that motion into electricity. Our design is presented in that spirit and with a belief in the River itself to steady our minds, fill our hearts, and steel our resolve for the challenges before us. We are living in a problematic 21st Century. We face climate change and a degraded environment, an uncertain economy and social inequality, cultural conflict and a loss of local identity; and yet... We can make this a 21st Century of change and reinvention! Old values have to be reevaluated. New ethics and new aesthetics have to be invented. And most importantly, new solutions have to be, and can be, implemented, so we can build on the foundations of previous generations, a more healthy and beautiful Minneapolis. Our mission is to complete and renew the Minneapolis park system vision based on our understanding of new challenges, new knowledge, and new technologies, to recover the full potential of the Upper Riverfront and give it back to the city. We will make full use of the landscape as a productive, ecological infrastructure for enhancing social equality, generating economic vitality, and regaining cultural identity.
Dr. Kongjian Yu, Turenscape
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FOUR CHALLENGES FOR THE UPPER RIVER AND BEYOND ECOLOGICAL RENEWAL
How can our work on the Mississippi River address the environmental imperatives of our generation? Specifically, what can we do on the Upper Riverfront and in the surrounding communities to rebuild a healthy ecosystem and revalue the park system for its productive potential? How can we adapt to global climate change? How can we discover a new aesthetic that reflects and foresees a lifestyle in which cultural and human processes adapt to and mediate the changing environment? Restoring connectivity
SOCIAL EQUITY
The communities of the Upper Riverfront, especially North Minneapolis, are dramatically underserved in terms of access to parkland and other amenities. This inequity compounds and exacerbates other social challenges. How can our work help create a healthier and more equal society? How can a landscape resource that belongs to North Minneapolis and Northeast become a destination for the whole city, the way the resources of the rest of the city are recognized and enjoyed by all? Improving access to waterfront parks
VIBRANT ECONOMY
The Mississippi River has always been a potent source of economic activity and vitality. In its current state, however, the River is not reaching its potential. The Upper Riverfront is lined with uses that do not provide value equal to their majestic location, including many uses that don’t require river access. How can we foster new industries and new economies in a resurgent river corridor? How can investments in the River catalyze broader economic activity and attract the businesses of the future? Expanding employment
AUTHENTIC CULTURAL IDENTITY
Minneapolis has a rich history and diverse cultural influences. A thread linking generations is the relationship to the Mississippi River. This was an important destination and conduit for native peoples. It was the reason for European exploration and settlement with the rise of the fur trade, lumber milling, and grain industries. As Minneapolis has attracted an increasingly diverse population, can the River play a part in bringing contemporary citizens together? Can the “City of Lakes” become the “City of the River” again? Making Minneapolis the City of the River
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THREE STRATEGIES FOR THE RESILIENT RIVER 1. BUILD AN ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
2. REORIENT URBANISM TO THE RIVER
3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME
A strong city park system is rooted in robust and resilient nature. We will strategically identify natural assets to design an ecological infrastructure network that protects and enhances critical natural and cultural processes. By growing this ecological infrastructure, the full range of ecosystem services can be secured for future generations. We can integrate sustainable transportation, natural stormwater management, urban agriculture, and other green infrastructure into this network to see Minneapolis through the environmental challenges that lie ahead.
As ecological infrastructure grows, we can begin to restructure and reorient the city around the River’s natural assets. Smart cities are investing in human capital - schools and housing, jobs and research, art and commerce. The smartest cities are leveraging these investments as strategic placemaking to improve economic stability, social justice, and cultural identity. We can use the green network to vibrate the city so that all facets of the community are stimulated, providing opportunities for new lifestyles and a healthier society.
Minneapolis has a history of establishing long-term visions and then sticking to them, even when near-term political and economic realities require incremental implementation. Generations of civic leaders have understood that land use and architecture will change, but the intrinsic landscape itself is an enduring asset. Our planning and design approaches must be strategically conceived to work within present-day realities while catalyzing a 50-year vision worthy of the Mississippi River and Minneapolis’s legacy of great park system planning.
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1. BUILD AN ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE A. ESTABLISH SECURITY PATTERNS A vibrant, green future for Minneapolis requires that we protect the natural assets that sustain healthy urban living. Taking a strategic conservation approach, patterns emerge that offer the most effective protection in a given landscape. We call these “security patterns” to call attention to the critical role that a city’s ecological infrastructure network plays in safeguarding our future. Vertically, we might envision this network from a stack of interdependent layers that protect hydrological and biological processes, as well as cultural heritage. Horizontally, we might envision this network like a tree, with the River as its trunk, branches of green linking the river to the urban fabric, and the specific sites and features of the community as its twigs and leaves. vernacular cultural assets existing land-use wildlife corridors natural patches surface flow analysis water basins topography
cultural security pattern
biological security pattern
water security pattern
drawing key mississippi river trunk branches twigs
ecological infrastructure network
ecological security pattern
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1. BUILD AN ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE B. HARNESS ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Ecosystem services are the resources and processes provided by natural ecosystems. The Mississippi, America’s Great River, is an internationally-significant source of ecosystem services. The United Nations Millenium Ecosystem Assessment established four broad categories of services: regulating, provisioning, supporting, and cultural. How can we reverse decades of degradation and put nature’s forces to sustainable use?
riverfront treatment train green roofs
Regulating services keep systems in balance to resist climate change and disease. How we deal with water is key to regulation. We propose a system of natural drainage to manage water flows. A variety of green stormwater infrastructure technologies will be used to treat polluted run-off from surrounding neighborhoods, I-94, and the occupied river terraces. And, rather than continue to armor the banks of the River, increasing flooding downriver, our approach is to increase flood capacity in the areas identified as floodplain and deposit excavated materials in the upper river terraces to create dramatic landforms and overlooks.
wetland purification system streetside swales
Provisioning services relate to the production of food, water, and other basic inputs for life. We propose a palette of productive surfaces. Vegetated patches for stormwater treatment and wildlife habitat will be interspersed with urban agriculture opportunities, from personal allotment gardens and community-supported agriculture (CSAs) to aquaculture and tree nurseries. Legacy varieties of sunflowers and millet will be rotated on underutilized lands. Wild rice and native lotus will fill wetland terraces. Fast-growing trees will be coppiced for locally-consumed biofuel, and power plant waste heat will allow the greenhouses of the Horticulture Enterprise Zone to grow food year-round.
greenhouse tree nursery community garden biofuels river fisheries T HE R ESI L I ENT R I V E R
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1. BUILD AN ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE B. HARNESS ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Supporting services include nutrient cycling and crop pollination critical to natural function. We propose ecological corridors to increase habitat biodiversity. The Mississippi is an internationally significant flyway for migrating birds. Many fish and other wildlife species make their way every day along this critical ecological pathway. We have studied the rhythms of key species, both local and migratory, to establish a palette of native plants and rustic crops that provide food and cover for these birds, fish, and other wildlife.
prairie biofilter polishing wetland in-river habitat floodplain terrace upland forest / savanna litoral wetland
agriculture
Cultural services include transportation, recreation and spiritual benefits. The Mississippi was once a significant recreational resource for Minneapolis, with community destinations like the Gerber Baths at Halls Island and Webber Pool at Shingle Creek. The River can again host diverse opportunities for fishing, boating, swimming, ice skating, sauna, and other waterbased experiences. We see opportunities to create improved river habitat while also carving out increased access and activation spaces for people.
education exercise + transportation public events water recreation T HE R ESI L I ENT R I V E R
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2. REORIENT URBANISM TO THE RIVER
horticulture corridor
education corridor
River urbanism should mix uses and audiences, providing a national model for sustainable city-making. From homes and schools to markets and workplaces, a land ethic of productivity and interaction in all seasons will connect and unify diverse settings. New community elements will complement and link to existing assets in adjacent neighborhoods, allowing current residents to occupy and steward new terrain, while inviting new users and visitors to find a place in Minneapolis’s newest commons. We recognize six “urbanism corridors� that will connect activity anchors with the ecological infrastructure network. These will include garden festival grounds, amphitheaters, learning spaces, and gathering places to provide diverse stepping stones of vibrancy all the way up and down the Upper River.
art corridor
green-tech corridor
commerce corridor
residential corridor
urbanism corridors and anchors plan
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME A. THE VISION Framework Plan
The Resilient River is a framework for transforming the Upper Riverfront over time. Of course, the Resilient River could recover in countless ways, but we describe here one potential future and a path to get there. We offer a bold vision in order to ignite the imagination and ambition necessary to take the first challenging steps.
Camden Bridge Shingle Creek residential tower, typ. soil factory
tree nursery Dowling Streetcar and Pedestrian Bridge greenhouse
greenhouse office, typ. Perkins Hill Skywalk Minneapolis School for the Urban Environment new North High School
relocated industry Marshall Parkway Lowry Bridge
linear track park wetland eco-lab park carbon-neutral neighborhood aggregate art park 26th avenue greenstreet
Bottineau Greenway BN Bridge
amphitheater green-tech industry, typ.
streetcar community garden Grain Belt brewery
retail center, typ.
Broadway Bridge mixed-use residential Halls Island beach park Plymouth Avenue Bridge Boom Island
Bassett Creek green street
Nicollet Island
Cedar Lake Regional Trail St. Anthony Falls downtown greenway Spirit Island
Hennepin Island Mill Ruins Park
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME A. THE VISION Habitat Plan
Stormwater Plan drawing key
drawing key
bank restoration
mississippi river
upland forest / savanna
waterfront wetland
shoreline willow planting
infiltration swale
prairie
blue street
wet prairie
drainage outfall
native wildflower / formal
flow direction
riparian forest
tap in existing 15’ freeway storm pipe
productive landscape
draw water from the river
wetland / bioswale river with emergents gravel / sand bar
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME A. THE VISION Circulation Plan
Land Use Plan drawing key
drawing key
pedestrian
low-density housing
streetcar
medium-density housing
bikeways
high-density housing
parkways
commercial education mixed-use office general industrial cultural / entertainment utility public / institutional parking parks / open space
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME B. CURATING THROUGH TIME How do we advance a transformative timeline? Building on the Minneapolis traditions of visual and performing arts, we might characterize our actions as curating a shifting palette of natural and cultural processes. We can choreograph decisions and designs, investments and incentives, to put on vibrant landscape performances. We can score urban evolutions in time with the rhythms of the River’s recovery. In time, incremental improvements and policy commitments will layer up into profound transformation.
Existing
Years 0-2
Years 2-5
Years 5-10
Years 10-15
Years 15-50
Create Riverfront Destinations
Set the Stage
Build Transportation Infrastructure
Connect People to the River
Develop New Industries and Communities
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME Jan
YEARS 0-2: SET THE STAGE
Feb
Industrial Murals and Catalytic Cover Crops
Mar
While planning, design, engineering, and permitting of the first phases of Upper Riverfront transformation are underway, we propose a series of immediate interventions to attract attention to the riverfronts and prepare the ground of an emergent ecological infrastructure network. Industrial buildings and artifacts become a canvas for murals similar to the Valspar Building. Underutilized ground, at the Upper Harbor Terminal and elsewhere, is cultivated with rustic versions of crops such as sunflowers, alfalfa and clover to improve soil fertility, remove pollutants, bring immediate transformation and beauty, and provide basic habitat improvements. Spaces are set aside for the soil factory and other river corridor remediation needs. These industrial-strength guerrilla gardens amid piles and rustics become a canvas for temporary cultural and social activities—circuses, water festivals, music festivals, garden festivals, farmers markets, sculpture gardens, and more.
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
cole crops sunflowers winter wheat corn aquatic plants existing power plant and flour silos
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME YEARS 2-5: CONNECT PEOPLE TO THE RIVER Halls Island Beach Park
Catalytic Project The first project to stimulate the Resilient River will be the Halls Island Beach Park. The first phase of the Beach Park will be developed on the Scherer Brothers site and an adjacent underutilized site. Future improvements could expand the Park to the north if Graco moves to a non-waterfront site. These costs do not include property acquisition, design and engineering, or adjacent private development. Conceptual Construction Budget: Mobilization & Erosion Control $1,400,000 to $1,800,000 Demolition $700,000 to $900,000 Earthwork (excavation, grading, retaining wall) $7,200,000 to $9,000,000 Riverfront Improvements (vegetation, hardscape, structures) $1,600,000 to $2,000,000 Upland Improvements (vegetation, hardscape, structures) $4,200,000 to $5,300,000 Street Improvements $800,000 to $1,000,000 Site Utilities (water, sanitary, power) $300,000 to $400,000 $16,200,000 to $20,400,000 Maintenance, Operations, and Programming Budget:
$500,000/yr
to
$750,000/yr
view of the Gerber Baths on Halls Island in the Mississippi River
ay rkw Pa all rsh e Ma -us ed ial mix ident res
Our first phase would concentrate on improving access to the River from the neighborhoods and to simple water contact experiences. A key project would be a restoration of Halls Island - Boom Island urban waterfront park at the Scherer Brothers site where diverse water expereinces will mix with unique ecological habitats. We will excavate a side channel for swimming and water games. Drawing on its logging heritage, the re-created Halls Island will host wooden diving structures and floating boom platforms. An urban beach and ribbon benches will provide surfaces for sunning and picnics. Excavated material will be reused onsite to form prairie islands and savanna peninsulas supporting a pedestrian and bicycle skywalk linking the Broadway and Plymouth Bridges.
savanna peninsulas boom diving platforms skywalk swimming area Halls Island
dge
Bri
u
mo
Ply
ve th A
plan enlargement - catalytic project
Lessons learned in this first project will be applied in future earthworks to re-establish Boom, Hennepin, and Spirit Islands, re-forming an urban island district with Nicollet Island.
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME YEARS 2-5: CONNECT PEOPLE TO THE RIVER Perkins Hill Skywalk
A second project will link Perkins Hill and the Cityview School to the riverfront and the new Lowry Bridge. Here, a covered pedestrian walkway will bring neighbors and students to enjoy and learn from the River. Its iconic form will anchor an education corridor and signal that North Minneapolis is reclaiming its riverfront identity.
link to neighborood link to Cityview School future Minneapolis School for the Urban Enviornment
link to new Lowry Bridge link to riverfront plan enlargement
existing Perkins Hill Park and Cityview School
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME YEARS 2-5: CONNECT PEOPLE TO THE RIVER Linear Parks
Linear parks will weave up and down each side of the River. Rolling gardens and winding terraces will be filled with community gardens to cultivate stewardship by surrounding neighborhood residents. Fingers of green will reach deep into the neighborhoods.
Bassett Greenstreet
Lowry Avenue Greens treet nway e e r uG
inea
Bott
ark
ck P a r lT Rai
26th Ave Greenstreet
Perkins Hill Greenstree t
Dowling Greens treet aerial overview
existing
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME YEARS 5-10: CREATE RIVERFRONT DESTINATIONS Horticulture Enterprise Zone
Our second phase involves transforming the River environment into a series of stages for the experience of natural and cultural performances. The Upper Harbor Terminal will be transformed into a Horticulture Enterprise Zone. A soil factory will remediate polluted soils barged in from other riverfront sites. It will also act as a composting facility for greenwaste. Winter garden greenhouses will be warmed with heat recovered from the composting process and from the nearby power plant.
greenhouse
tree nursery
Dowling Streetcar and Pedestrian Bridge existing
soil factory greenhouse, typ.
plan enlargement
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME YEARS 5-10: CREATE RIVERFRONT DESTINATIONS Education Corridor
The Minneapolis School for the Urban Environment, an environment-focused community college, will, along with a new North High School, grow around the Perkins Hill Skywalk. These schools will prepare youth for the emerging industries of the Upper Riverfront—horticulture, environmental restoration, and biotechnology. environmental community college new North High School
Minneapolis School for the Urban Environment
plan enlargement
Productive Surfaces
Community gardens, tree nurseries, and biofuel farms will occupy remediated sites. Citizens will be engaged in the cycles of production, learning more about where their food, energy, and other landscape resources come from.
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME YEARS 5-10: CREATE RIVERFRONT DESTINATIONS Wetland Eco-Lab Park
A large wetland park will offer a laboratory in ecological restoration techniques. The wetlands will cleanse water drawn from the Mississippi, as well as surface run-off from the neighborhoods. Islands for wet prairie and riparian habitat will be built from recycled demolition materials and organics from the soil factory. The River will once again be a safe haven for migrating birds and other wildlife. F
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bald eagles great blue herons red winged blackbirds killdeer sandhill cranes female morning doves canada geese ducks grackles robins bluebirds
meadow larks neotropical migratory birds (150-300 species) ruby-throated humming birds hawks owls
viewing platform
bird migration calendar
habitat islands
aeration cascade aerial overview
plan enlargement
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME YEARS 5-10: CREATE RIVERFRONT DESTINATIONS Aggregate Art Park and Amphitheater
Clean water from the wetlands will flow south to the Aggregate Art Park. Sinuous canals will allow water play among aggregate piles, prairie ribbons, and industrial artifacts. The canals will become circuits for skating and skiing when winter comes. An adjacent amphitheater will host performing arts. Situated with a great view to downtown, the theater will attract visitors from both sides of the River and the entire city while anchoring a riverfront arts corridor.
aggregate play piles circuit canal
amphitheater plan enlargement
existing
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME YEARS 10-15: BUILD TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE Streetcar Loop and Extending the Parkways
Our third phase will include the transportation infrastructure for new industries and new communities to emerge along the Upper Riverfront. A streetcar loop will extend the city’s transit network to catalyze new development. A transformed BN bridge will bring the streetcar and pedestrians to both sides of the River. Parkways will be extended up the River to complete the Grand Rounds vision. Walkers, joggers, bikers, and motorists will all enjoy a continuous river landscape.
existing BN Bridge
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME YEARS 15-50: DEVELOP NEW INDUSTRIES AND NEW COMMUNITIES Green-Tech Corridor
Our fourth phase, an inevitable outcome of the previous phases that could unfold in many possible configurations, is the development of new industries, new communities and a new lifestyle along the Upper Riverfront. Some existing industries will be relocated to a new industrial corridor north of Bottineau Park with better rail and freeway access. Corporate campuses will emerge along new green corridors on Washington Avenue. High-paying, clean-tech jobs will add economic resilience to the region.
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3. CURATE THE VISION THROUGH TIME YEARS 15-50: DEVELOP NEW INDUSTRIES AND NEW COMMUNITIES Carbon-Neutral Neighorhood
Among the new residential communities, the flagship is a carbon-neutral neighborhood along the streetcar line of the western terraces. We envision a truly 21st Century lifestyle magnet that demonstrates cutting edge technologies adapted to the local climate. The neighborhood will be built with the most innovative on-site infrastructures for water, waste, and energy. Residents can work in the surrounding biotech, art, and education corridors or commute by bicycle or streetcar to downtown Minneapolis. Welcome to the new lifestyle of the Resilient River.
industrial relocation zone
green-tech corridor
carbon-neutral neighborhood
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THE RESILIENT RIVER Minneapolis Riverfront Design Competition Turenscape
Dr. Kongjian Yu Shihong Ling Xiangjun Liu Jie Bai Yunqian Liu
Steve Durrant
Nate Cormier Tom von Schrader Lisa Town Nathan Polanski
Tom Meyer
Steve Apfelbaum
John Dustman
Antonio Rosell
Alta Planning + Design SvR Design Company
Meyer Scherer Rockcastle Applied Ecological Services Summit Envirosolutions Community Design Group
Photo Credits
Minnesota Historical Society Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Pete Sieger National Park Service